2009年-2018年十年江苏高考英语真题 任务型阅读(含答案)

专题10—任务型阅读1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figu re is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now live in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest inpoorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work forc e could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a t rack record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.Population Change71. 【答案】lower【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分 20 分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共 5 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 5 分)听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例:How much is the shirt?A. £19. 15.B. £9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是 C1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C. Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. Sh e’s generous.B. She’s curious.C. She’s helpful.3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.C. At 10:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C. By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节 (共 15 小题;每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)听下面 5 段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题 5 秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。

2009年江苏高考任务型阅读精选试题一(1-10) 1第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每空格1个单词。

Good communication is vital in modern society. We know that much of the communication is unspoken. Consciously or unconsciously, we show our true feelings with our eyes, faces, bodies and attitudes. Your good qualities can make good communication. The personal qualities include：physical appearance, energy, rate of speech, pitch and tone of voice, gestures, expressiveness of eyes, and the ability to hold the interest of others.What should we do so that our communication will be effective? Here are my suggestions.Firstly, you should be yourself.The trick is to be consistently you, at your best. The most effective people never change character from one situation to another. They’re the same whether they’re having a conversation with their close friends, addressing their garden club or being interviewed for a job. They communicate with their whole being.Secondly, whether you’re talking to one person or one hundred, always remember to look at them. Don’t break eye contact while talking. As you enter a room, move your eyes comfortably, then look directly at those in the room and smile. This shows clearly that you are at ease. Smiling is important. The best type of smile and eye contact is gentle and comfortable, not forced.You should also absorb other people before showing yourself. You can’t learn anything when you talk. When you attend a meeting, a party or an interview, don’t immediately start throwing your opinions. Stop for a second. Absorb what’s going on. What’s the mood of the others—are they down, up, happy, expectant? Are they eager to learn from you, or do they show resistance? If you can sense what’s happening with others, you will be better able to reach them. So, listen before you talk.The fourth suggestion is that you focus your energy. How do you get your energy up? Before the meeting, collect your thoughts about the goal of the meeting—yours and the other’s. Once you go through the doorway, no longer think about yourself. Focus on the person you are meeting to find out what he is interested in. Properly collected energy comes across when we sincerely believe something. When you speak with energy, you are involved with your audience and your message. You create an air of certainty. The audience may disagree with you, but they can’t question your belief.Lastly, I would like to remind you that you should lighten up. Take a good hard look at your self. Do you say “I”too often? Are you only concentrated on your own problems? Do you complain frequently? If you answered yes to even one of these questions, you need to be more relaxed.and smile ●Present a gentle and comfortable(73) ▲.●(74) ▲yourself to smile.Listen before (75) ▲Stop for a short time to know theothers’ mood and what is happeningwith them.Begin your talk immediately.Focus your (76) ▲●Remain (77) ▲and thinkclearly and carefully before themeeting.●Focus on the person you’re meeting.Think about yourself.Lighten up Try to be (78) ▲. ●Say “I” too often.●Concentrate on your ownproblems.●Make too (79) ▲complaint.Conclusion Good communication (80) ▲on good personal qualities.2请认真阅读以下短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

江苏高考英语任务型阅读真题与答案（2008-2018）2018.11.152008任务型阅读(共１０小题，每小题１分，满分１０分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

请将答案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。

Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (调查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiences are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever teh task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.What comes first is to keep an open mind, becasue everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups. Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities: Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do; take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members.When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. A format for exchanging information (e.g. photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc.) is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood. When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group. Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement.After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness —the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges.2009任务型阅读(共１０小题，每小题１分，满分１０分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

2013江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分.满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文.并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一．个．最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：2012江苏卷第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

10年江苏英语高考卷试题答案一、听力（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Section A1. What is the man's hob?A. Reading.B. Painting.C. Photography.2. What will the woman do next week?A. Go to a concert.B. Visit a museum.C. Attend a party.3. Why does the boy want to buy a new phone?A. His old phone is broken.B. His old phone is out of style.C. His old phone doesn't have many functions.……Section B11. What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Environmental protection.B. Healthy lifestyle.C. Cultural differences.12. What does the man think about the woman's plan?A. It's interesting.B. It's impractical.C. It's unnecessary.……Section C21. What is the speaker's attitude towards online learning?22. What are the advantages of public transportation mentioned in the passage?23. According to the speaker, what is the key to success in a job interview?……二、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）31. — Excuse me, is this the right way to the library?— ________. It's over there.A. No problemC. Go aheadD. Yes, it is32. The old man ________ the street when the accident________.A. was crossing; happenedB. crossed; was happenedC. has crossed; has happenedD. had crossed; had happened……三、完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Once upon a time, there was a young man named Li Hua who lived in a small village. He ________ his parents very muchand always wanted to make them proud. However, Li Hua was not good at studying, and he often ________ his exams.One day, Li Hua's father ________ him, "Son, you need to work hard if you want to succeed in life." Li Hua nodded and decided to ________ his father's advice. He started to spend more time on his studies and ________ his best to improve his grades.……四、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）AAccording to a survey, the sales of organic food have increased 20% in the past year. Many supermarkets and grocery stores now offer a variety of organic products, including fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.……BDear Editor,I am writing to express my concern about the increasing number of people who use their mobile phones while driving. This behavior not only puts the drivers themselves at risk but also endangers the lives of other road users.……五、任务型阅读（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）How to Stay Fit and Healthy1. Eat a balanced diet2. Exercise regularly3. Get enough sleep4. Maintain a positive attitude5. Reduce stress……六、书面表达（共25分）假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你所在城市的变化。

2009年高考英语阅读理解和任务型阅读课堂综合练习九一阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

AManypeoplewhoworkinLondonprefertoliveoutsideit,andtogointotheirofficesorschoolseverydaybytrai n,carorbus,eventhoughthismeanstheyhavetogetupearlyinthemorningandreachhomelateintheevening.OneadvantageoflivingoutsideLondonisthathousesarecheaper.EvenasmallflatinLondonwithoutagarden costsquitealottorent.Withthesamemoney,onecangetalittlehouseinthecountrywithagardenof one’s own.Then,inthecountryonecanrestfromthenoiseandhurryofthetown.Eventhoughonehastogetupearlierandsp endmoretimeintrainsorbuses,onecansleepbetteratnightandduringweekendsandonsummerevenings,onecane njoythefresh,cleanairofthecountry.Ifonelikesgardens,onecanspend one’s freetimedigging,planting,wateringa nddoingthehundredandoneotherjobswhichareneededinagarden.Then,whentheflowersandvegetablescomeup ,onehastherewardofonewhohassharedthesecretofNature.Somepeople,however,takenointerestincountrythings:forthem,happinessliesinthetown,withitscinemasa ndtheatres,beautifulshopsandbusystreets,dance-hallsandrestaurants.Suchpeoplewouldfeelthattheirlifewasn otworthlivingiftheyhadtoliveitoutsideLondon.Anoccasionalwalkinoneoftheparksanda fortnight’s(twoweeks )visittotheseaeverysummerisallthecountrytheywant:theresttheyarequitepreparedtoleavetothosewhoaregladt ogetawayfromLondoneverynight.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Peoplewholikecountrythingsprefertoliveoutsidethecity.B.PeoplewhoworkinLondonprefertoliveinthecountry.C.BecauseofcertaindisadvantagesoflivingoutsideLondon,somepeoplewhoworkinLondonprefertoliveinsideLondon.D.BecauseofcertainadvantagesoflivingoutsideLondon,manypeoplewhoworkinLondonprefertoliveoutsideLondon.2.Onecanusethesamemoneyfor____tobuyalittlehousewithagardeninthecountry.A.gettingasmallflatwithagardenB.havingasmallflatwithagardenC.rentingasmallflatwithoutagardenD.buyingasmallflatwithoutagarden3.Whentheflowersandvegetablesinthegardencomeup,those_______havetherewardofonewhohassharedthesecretofNature.A.wholiveinthecountryB.whohavespenttimeworkinginthegardenC.whohaveagardenoftheirownD.whohavebeendigging,plantingandwatering4.Peoplewhothinkhappinessliesinthetownwouldfeelthat_______iftheyhadtoliveitoutsideLondon.A.theirlifewasmeaninglessB.theirlifewasinvaluableC.they didn’t deserveahappylifeD.theywerenotworthyoftheirhappylife5.Theunderlinedwordrestinthelastparagraphrefersto________.A.theresttimeB.therestpeopleC.therestofthecountryD.therestoftheparksandoftheseaBIneveryschoolthereisa“top”crowdthatsetsthepace,whiletheothersfollowtheirlead.L et’s saythetopcrowd decidesthatitissmarttowearbrightredsweaters.Prettysooneverybodyiswearingabrightredsweater.Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,exceptthefactthatonsomepeoplebrightredsweaterisextremelyunbecomin g.Thesituationcanevenbecomedangerous,ifthetopcrowddecidesthatitissmarttodrinkortodrivecarsatseventy milesanhour.Thenthepeoplewhofollowtheleadareendangeringtheirlives.Theyarelikethesheepbeingledtotheb utcher.Now,chancesarethatyouhavecomeacrosssituationslikethesemorethanonceinyourlife;chancesarethaton etimeoranotheryouprobablydidsomethingyouknewtobewrong.Youmayhaveexcusedyourselfbysaying,“Gee, thecrowddoesit.”Well,letthecrowddoit,but don’t doityourself.Learntosay,“No.”Developyourownstandardsandyourownjudgment.Ifyouknowthecrowdisplanningsomethingyoudisagre eto,havethecouragetobowoutmannerly.You’ll havethesatisfactionofstandingonyourowntwofeet.6.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.FollowtheLead.B.TopCrowd.C.BeingYourself.D.BrightRed.7.Theauthor doesn’t thinkitgoodwearingredsweatersif________.A.thecrowddoesitB.you can’t affordthemC.you don’t lookgoodinredD.thesituation isn’t safe8.Accordingtothepassage,peoplewhofollowthecrowd________.A.sometimesdothingsagainsttheirbetterjudgmentB.makemistakesblindlyC.arewillingtoputtheirlivesindangerD.willintheendbecomepace-settersCAmongvariousprograms,TVtalkshowshavecoveredeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevision.Andanyone whowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachoneisdifferentinstyle(风格).Butnotwoshowsaremoreoppositeincontent,whileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherest,thantheJerrySp ringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows.JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingof“rubbishtalk”.Thecontentsonhisshowareassurprisinga scanbe.Forexample,theshowtakestheever-commontalkshowtitlesoflove,sex,cheating,andhate,toadifferentle vel.Clearly,theJerrySpringershowisaboutthedarksideofsociety,yetpeoplearewillingtoeatupthetroublesofothe r people’s lives.LikeJerrySpringer,OprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitstop.ButOprahgoesintheoppositedirection.Thes howismainlyabouttheimprovementofsocietyanddifferentquality(质量)oflife.Contentsarefromteachingyourchildrenlessons,managingyourworkweek,togettingtoknowyourneig hbors.ComparedtoOprah,theJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingpouredintosociety.Jerryendse veryshowwitha“finalword”.Hemakesasmallspeechabouttheentireideaoftheshow.Hopefully,thisisthepartwh eremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable.Cleanasitis,theOprahshowisnotforeveryone.The show’s mainviewersaremiddleclassAmericans.Mostoft hesepeoplehavethetime,money,andabilitytodealwith life’s toughproblems.JerrySpringer,ontheotherhand,has moreofaconnectionwiththeyoungadultsofsociety.Theseare18-to-21-year-oldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinclu delove,relationship,sex,moneyanddrug.Theyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedthroughthe show’s exploitation.paredwithotherTVtalkshows,boththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyare____.A.moreinterestingB.unusuallypopularC.moredetailedD.moreformal10.ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappearunpleasant,peoplewhowatchtheshows____.A.remaininterestedinthemB.arereadytofaceuptothemC.remaincoldtothemD.arewillingtogetawayfromthem11.WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshow?A.Anewtypeofrobot.B.Nationhatred.C.Familyincomeplanning.D.Streetaccident.12.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshows_____.A.havebecometheonlyonesofitskindB.exploittheweaknessesinhumannatureC.appearatdifferenttimesofthedayD.attractdifferentpeopleD“The firstandbestofvictoriesisforamantoconquerhimself;tobeconqueredbyhimselfis,ofallthings,themos t shameful,”saysPlato.Self-controlisattherootofalltheadvantages.Letamangiveintohisimpulses(冲动)andfeelings,andfromthatmomenthegivesuphismoral(道德上的)freedom.Asingleangrywordhaslostmanyafriend.WhenSocratesfoundinhimselfanytemperoranger,hewouldchec kitbyspeakinglowinordertocontrolhimself.Ifyouareconsciousofbeingangry,keepyourmouthshutsothatyouca nholdbackrisinganger.Manyapersonhasdroppeddeadingreatanger.Fitsofangerbringfitsofdisease.“Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.”“Keepcool”,saysGeorgeHerbert,“for fierceness(狂怒)makeserrorafault.”Tobeangrywithaweakmanistoprovethatyouarenotstrongyourself.“Anger,”saysPythagoras,“brings withf olly(愚蠢)andendswithregret.”Youmustmeasurethestrengthofamanbythepowerofthefeelingsheconquers,notbythep owerofthosewhichconquerhim.Self-controlis man’s lastgreatestvictory.Ifamanlacksself-controlheseemstolackeverything.Withoutithecanhavenopatience,nopowertogovernhi mself;hecanhavenoself-confidence,forhewillalwaysbecontrolledbyhisstrongestfeeling.Ifhelacksself-control ,theverybackboneandnerveofcharacterarelackingalso.13.Whatdoesthereaderlearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Thegreatestvictoryforamanistoconquereverythingexcepthimself.B.One’s moralfreedomisbasedonthecontrolofhimself.C.Tocontroloneselfisthemostdifficultin one’s life.D.Ifapersonistoostubborn,hewillfeelmostshameful.14.Whatisthecorrectinterpretationof“Whom thegodswoulddestroytheyfirstmake mad”?A.Ifthegodswanttokillyou,theymakeyoucrazyfirst.B.Ifyoualwaysloseyourtemper,youwillsoonbefinished.C.Ifyoucannotcontrolyourself,youwillbecomecrazy.D.Ifyouaremad,youwillbepunishedbythegods.15.Ifamanlacksself-control,helacksallofthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A.theverybackboneandnerveofcharacterB.thepatienceandpowertocontrolhimselfC.strongfeelingsD.self-confidence二.任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

2013江苏卷第四部分：任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一．个．最恰当的单词。

注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

每个空格只填一个单词。

Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一丝不苟的) in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (缓冲) against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自发性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.题型自主分析：1、原词重现（信息查找）：2、词性转换（信息加工）：3、提炼概括（信息归纳）：2012江苏卷第四部分: 任务型阅读(共10 小题;每小题1 分,满分10 分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

2009年江苏高考任务型阅读精选试题二(11-20)11In the past 100 years Asian Americans have become the fastest-growing U.S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nation's schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was forming . Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U.S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework. Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian Culture that promotes success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.Both explanations for academic success worry Asian Americans because of fears that they form a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the victims of social separation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.12The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health. Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat, it has, at the same time, made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well, especially cancer of colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.That food is related to illnesses is not a new discovery. In 1945, about 60 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates(硝酸盐), commonly used to preserve color in meats, and other food additives(添加剂), caused cancer. Yet, these additives which cause cancer remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful.The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this, penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cows. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes, but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the13Are your children being bullied on the Internet and you don’t kno w what to do about it? You are not alone. One in four children in the United Kingdom was the victim of online bullying in 2007. Cyberbullying(电脑化欺辱）is yet another problem that parents and children are facing in this new Internet age.Cyberbullying involves the use of information and technology such as e-mail, instant messaging, and personal web sites that are used to support conscious, repeated, and hostile(敌对的) behavior by one or more people with the intent to harm others.According to one victim, the difference between being bullied at school and being bullied on the Internet is that you cannot get away from cyberbullying as easily. Cyberbullying follows you, even after you get home from school.There is hope. Here are some tips to help you protect your children against cyberbullying.Make sure your children do not respond to rude and troublesome e-mails, messages, and postings. Keep a record of them in case you need proof. Call law enforcement and inform your Internet Service Provider (ISP) if necessary.Use web sites that translate the lingoes(行话) your children are sending or receiving so that you can understand the words that are being used in e-mails and chat rooms.If your children continue to receive troublesome e-mails, have them delete their current accounts and open a new one. This new e-mail address should only be given to a few people they can trust with it.If your children are receiving troublesome messages through instant messaging, help them make use of the “block” or “ban” feature. This feat ure can be used to block certain individuals from being able to reach your child.If you have found that a cyberbully has set up a web site that is bullying your child, contact your ISP and, if necessary, also inform law enforcement to try to get that web site removed.Get your child’s school involved. Learn what the school’s policy on cyberbullying is, and14If your family is like many in the United States, unloading the week’s groceries includes hauling a case or two of bottled water into your home. On your way to a soccer game or activity, it’s easy to grab a cold one right out of the fridge, right?But all those plastic bottles use a lot of fossil fuels and pollute the environment. In fact, Americans buy more bottled water than any other nation in the world, adding 29 billion water bottles a year to the problem. In order to make all these bottles, manufacturers use 17 million barrels of crude oil. That’s enough oil to keep a million cars going for twelve months.Imagine a water bottle filled a quarter of the way up with oil. That’s about how much oil was needed to produce the bottle.So why don’t more people drink water straight from the kitchen faucet? Some people drink bottled water because they think it is better for them than water out of the tap, but that’s not true. In the United States, local governments make sure water from the faucet is safe. There is also growing concern that chemicals in the bottles themselves may leach into the water.People love the convenience of bottled water. But maybe if they realized the problems it causes, they would try drinking from a glass at home or carrying water in a refillable steel container instead of plastic.Plastic bottle recycling can help—instead of going out with the trash, plastic bottles can be turned into items like carpeting or cozy fleece clothing.Unfortunately, for every six water bottles we use, only one makes it to the recycling bin. The rest are sent to landfills. Or, even worse, they end up as trash onthe land and in rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Plastic bottles take many hundreds of years to disintegrate.Water is good for you, so keep drinking it. But think about how often you use water bottles, and see if you can make a change.Betty McLaughlin, who runs an organization called the Container Recycling Institute, says we should try using fewer bottles: “If you take one to school in your lunch, don’t throw it away—bring it home and refill it from the tap for the next day. Keep track of how many times you refill a bottle before you recycle it.”And yes, you can make a difference. Remember this: Recycling one plastic bottle can save enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for six hours.15The Hong Kong government is set to overhaul(革新) its immigration policy with the aim of making it easier for mainland and overseas talents to live and work in the city. This is a welcome step because it will remove what is widely seen as a major hurdle to Hong Kong’s efforts to attract qualified immigrants to help its development.To sustain the growth of the services sector, which accounts for nearly 10 percent of Hong Kong’s GDP, it is necessary to continuously expand the pool of talents in various fields. Efforts to attract mainland and overseas talents to Hong Kong are taking on special urgency not only because of fierce competition from other cities, particularly Singapore, but also the rapidly aging population resulting from years of low or negative birthrates.Hong Kong enjoys certain distinct advantages over many Asian cities in the competition for talents. Beyond its vibrant economy, underlined by a free market environment, Hong Kong has a combination of some of the most distinctive elements of Chinese and Western cultures. Hong Kong is as exciting as many other Asian boomtowns, and yet it is no less efficient than a typical European city with a muchsmaller population. Housing costs are high, but no higher than those in other financial centers. For international banks and multinational corporations, housing costs are a concern only when the opportunity to make money begins to dry up. And this situation is not happening in Hong Kong as the local economy, riding the boom on the mainland, is rapidly expanding.It is within this context that the government takes the lead to revise its immigration policy, which calls for, among other things, the establishment of a one-stop service center to process all applications under various migrant schemes. This means that an applicant will in future need to submit only one form for processing. Other changes to the policy include the removing of the age restrictions and lowering of experience requirements. Under the present scoring system used to vet applicants, those who are older than 50 and those with less than five years of work experience win no points in their respective categories. The details of the proposed changes have not been announced. But according to a government official16Much of our good health depends on the cooperation between substances. When they work together, chemical reactions take place smoothly. Body systems are kept in balance. Some of the most important helpers in the job of good health are the substances we call vitamins.Vitamin A is needed to produce a light-sensitive substance in the eyes. People who do not get enough vitamin A cannot see well in the dark. The best source of vitamin A is fish liver oil. It is also found in the yellow part of eggs. In addition,squash, sweet potatoes, carrots and other darkly colored fruits and vegetables contain substances that the body can change into vitamin A.Vitamin B-1 is also called thiamine. It changes starchy (含淀粉的) foods into energy. It also helps the heart and nervous system work smoothly. Without it, we would be weak and would not grow. Thiamine is found not just in whole grains like brown rice, but also in other foods. These include beans and peas, nuts and meat and fish.Vitamin B-12 is needed so folic acid can do its work. Together, they help produce red blood cells. Without them, a person suffers from anemia (贫血症). Vitamin B-12 is found naturally in foods such as eggs, meat, fish and milk products.Vitamin C is necessary for strong bones and teeth, and for healthy blood vessels. It also helps wounds heal quickly. The body stores very little vitamin C. So we must get it every day in foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes and uncooked cabbage.17Rising Grain Prices Panic Developing WorldGovernments around the world have taken effective measures in recent weeks to control their countries’ supplies of rice. The price of grains—corn, wheat, and rice—has been rising since 2005 under pressure from farmers who would rather plant crops for biofuels than for food. The sharpest increase has been this year, with the price of Thai rice nearly doubling since January, to $60 per metric ton. Some analysts expect that price to reach $1,000 in the next three months.Tang Min, a former chief economist for the Asian Development Bank, said the price increase is the inevitable consequence of supply and demand. “The world population is increasing, but the increase of the planting of rice has not been as fast,” he sai d. “Without the oil price increasing substantially, the corn price will not increase. Without corn prices increasing quickly, the rice price will not rise.”Despite efforts by governments to increase wages and introduce food subsidies (津贴), price increases and shortages have led to violent clashes along supply lines, in food distribution centers and at supermarkets.To encourage farmers to go back to planting food, China, Indonesia and other countries are increasing their minimum compensation to farmers who grow grains.In China, the government is concerned that the price increase is already leading to upsetting incidents. In August 2007, a supermarket in the inland city of Chengdu decreased the price of eggs from more than 4 yuan to 3.2 yuan—about 46 cents—to cater to shoppers. Thousands of people showed up at the front door, and four were injured during what the domestic media called “scare buying”.In October, a Shanghai-based chain supermarket put five-liter bottles of cooking oil up for sale at the discount price of 30.8 yuan—$4.39, about $2.85 lower than the usual price. Five minutes after the store opened, 19 people were hurt in the rush to buy.The jump in food prices has had a big effect on developing countries because food accounts for a much larger percentage of overall consumption. In China, it is almost 30 percent, while in Vietnam it is 40 percent and in India 50 percent.To calm increasingly concerned Chinese consumers the government has frozen the prices of some grains, meat and eggs. It also has run picture after picture in local newspapers of its “strategic reserves” of frozen meat, sacks of grain and barrels of18Have you ever wondered why there are so many skin colors in the world? Do you know why people living in particular areas usually have a certain color? Biology and history are the two reasons for this.Skin contains something called melanin, which determines a person’s skin color. The more melanin a person has, the darker his or her skin will be. The amount of and production of melanin are controlled by genetics, but can be affected by other things, such as sunlight. If a person lives in a place with strong sunlight, his or her skin will protect itself by producing more melanin, making the skin darker. In a place with less sunlight, a person’s body will produce less melanin, making the skin lighter.Skin color is also affected by another source—vitamin D. Humans all need vitamin D to build bones. People can get it by eating foods such as fish and milk, or from sunlight, which causes vitamin production in the skin. Melanin protects skin by absorbing sunlight, so sunlight absorbed by melanin cannot be used for vitamin D production. Therefore, a dark-skinned person will produce less vitamin D than a light-skinned person when they received the same amount of sunlight.The connection between vitamin D production and skin color is clear when we look at evolution. The earliest humans lived in Africa, their dark skin covered with hair. When they moved to places that had less sunlight, their bodies produced less vitamin D because of their dark skin. As a result, their skin made less melanin, so they could get enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. their skin gradually got lighter and they lost hair. Now, people who live in areas with strong sunlight, like Africa, have darker skin, while people living in other areas have lighter skin. The exception to this is the Inuit, who live in a place with little sunlight, but have dark skin because they eat a lot of fish and have enough vitamin D.Evolution has given us a rainbow of skin colors. Humans have always had melanin to determine our skin color. What has changed through history is the environment where we have lived. This has in turn changed our melanin production, and eventually, skin color.A World of Skin Color19The latest scientific studies show that the sun and the oceans have far more important influences on the world's climate than human activity.The head of the Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), Professor Fred Singer, put forward a suggestion to the UN-sponsored(资助) IPCC. He said, “We donated our time and best efforts to produce this report out of concern that the IPCC gave us an incorrect reason for global-warming based on incomplete and faulty science.”“Global-warming news has led to the demand for unrealistic efficiency standards for cars, the construction of uneconomic wind and solar energy stations, the establishment of large production facilities for uneconomic fuels such as ethanol(乙醇) from corn, requirements that electric companies buy expensive power from so-called‘renewable’energy sources, and plans to reduce, at considerable expense,carbon dioxide from power plants.“While it is absolutely nothing wrong to increase energy efficiency, they cannot be regarded as a realistic means to control climate. In addition, policies have been developed that try to hide the huge cost of greenhouse gas controls.“Seeing science clearly misused to shape public policies that have the potential to cause serious economic harm, particularly on low-income groups, we choose to speak up for science at a time when too few people outside the scientific community know what is happening, and too few scientists who know the truth have to speak out against the IPCC.”NIPCC is what its name suggests: an international organization of non- governmental scientists and scholars who have come together to understand the causes and consequences of climate change.“Because we don't believe climate change is caused by human greenhouse gas, we are able to look at evidence the IPCC ignores. Because we do not work for any governments, we can make our research more scientific and fairer.”20Fairview Elementary School, Modesto, California, with some 1,000 students from kindergarten through sixth grade (about 10 percent of them Latino), has long suffered from discipline problems, poor test scores, and a near total lack of parental involvement. The difficulties aren't surprising given that many of the parents --- immigrants who work on farms or in factories --- speak little or no English.Since 2002, Fairview Elementary School has been a First Amendment School, one of 97 developed across the country by the First Amendment Center. The idea behindthe five-year-old program: To keep American strong, children must be trained to respect many points of view, weigh complex issues, and understand the freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution(). As students learn good citizenship, the theory goes .They will develop the skills and attitude to do well academically.Fairview students enjoy "freedoms" other kids might envy (they voted not to wear school uniforms, for example).But the children don’t just exercise rights. They also accept such responsibilities as speaking up during class discussions, and keeping the school clean and safe (Fairview is considered the cleanest of 33 schools in its district).In one departure from tradion, there is no hand-raising in class. "Instead," says teacher Deborah Supnet, "we teach them to listen until the other child stops talking." It is called an exercise in respect.Last year, the number of students evaluated advanced in math doubled, from 15% to 30%. And Fairview graduates in their first middle-school mid-term exam averaged B grades ; 96 percent passed all subjects. Particularly encouraging to Principal Rob Williams , the school now has an a ctive parents’ group, Parents with a Voice. One of those parents, Laura Malagon, praises the program for convincing. her to play a more active role in her children’s school life.参考答案11 1. century 2. succeed /achieve 3.Reasons/ Explanations4. graduation /college 5 judgment 6. immediately/quickly7.influenced /affected 8. use 9. help / aid /assistance10. rooted / anchored/involved12 1. Effects/ Influences 2. associated/ linked 3. cultures 4. left5. medical6. treat7. financial8. fatter9. price 10. practices13 1. suffered 2. behavior 3. Available 4. response 5. Turn6. Help7. avoid8. feature9. Do 10. Involve14 1. Present 2. most 3. Reasons 4 quality 5. convenient 6. production /manufacturing 7. pollution 8. Suggestions / Tips 9. made 10. possible 15 1. broaden / expand 2. competitive 3. brings 4. free 5. combines6. efficient7. Compared8. send9. removed 10. lowered 16 1. Types 2. lack 3. Sources 4. eyesight 5. Changing 6. smooth7. Poor / Bad 8. blood 9. rich / abundant 10. must / necessity17 1. caused/led 2. efforts 3. slower 4. contributes/leads5. effective/various6. wages7. introduced8. Compensation9. stable 10. advantage18 1. introduction 2. area 3. lie 4. determined 5. darker6. affecting7. produce8. while9. Conclusion / Summary 10. plays19 1. Climate 2. organization/group/panel 3. supported/sponsored4. efforts5.little6. demand/need7. constructed/built8. energy 9. public/people 10. influence/affect20 1.problems 2.behaving/disciplining/contrlling 3.involved 4.respect5.understanding6.citizens7.improve8.take9.increasing/growing/increased 10.part/role温馨提示-专业文档供参考，请仔细阅读后下载，最好找专业人士审核后使用！。

专题10—任务型阅读1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个．．最恰当的单词。

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Population ChangeWhy is the world’s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You might think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world’s people now l ive in such nations), but you’d be wrong. Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it. If current trends don’t bend, Russia’s population will be about the size of Yemen’s bythe year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated urban areas. In total, 25% of India’s working-age population has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country’s potential work forc e could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010—2030. Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.Population Change71. 【答案】lower【解析】根据＂declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st＂可知，21世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且much/ even/far/a lot/ a little等修饰比较级，故填lower。