TPO9综合写作范文

在托福写作练习过程中，相信TPO材料中的作文题目都会是大家的首选练习材料。

所以小编给考生们带来了托福TPO09综合写作，希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。

TPO 09ReadingCar manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacementfor the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. Byfar the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is thehydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that,in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages overinternal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that itrelies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum isa finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed forfuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived fromvarious plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact thatfuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes themparticularly attractive.Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solvemany of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oilis carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand,the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive becausepeople will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will tooperate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: afuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that theinternal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.ListeningProfessor:The reading is correct in pointing out the problems associated withoil-powered cars. Yes, oil is a finite resource, and yes, burning oil harms the environment. However, the reading is way too optimistic in its assessment of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines. Hydrogen is not the solution to these problems.First, hydrogen is not as easily available as the passage indicates.Although it's present in common substances like water, it's not directly useable in that form. For using a fuel-cell engine, hydrogen must first be obtained in a pure liquid state. This pure liquid hydrogen is a highly artificial substance. It's technologically very difficult to produce and store liquid hydrogen. For example, it must be kept very very cold at minus 253 degrees Celsius. Imagine the elaborate cooling technology that's required for that! So hydrogen is not such a practical and easily available substance, is it?Second, using hydrogen would not solve the pollution problems associatedwith cars. Why? Producing pure hydrogen creates a lot of pollution. To get pure hydrogen from water or natural gas, you have to use a purification process that requires lots of energy that's obtained by burning coal or oil. And burning coal and oil creates lots of pollution. So although the cars would not pollute, the。

The professor points out three problems with the use of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines, each of which has fought successfully against the advantages mentioned in the reading passage concerning the technology feasibility, environment pollution, and the economic availability.First and the foremost, the professor states that it is impractical to replace internal-combustion engines with fuel-cell engines because the hydrogen is not obtained directly from the water, the process of obtaining the hydrogen is quite challenging. What's more, the hydrogen has to be used in a pure liquid state;keeping such a low degree is technologically unfeasible. However, the reading claims that hydrogen, which is an infinite resource, can be easily depleted, making it attractive.In addition, the professor refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines are environment friendly. She argues that although engines using the hydrogen produce no pollution, the process of generating the hydrogen produces large amount of harmful by-products due to the burning of the coal and oil. However, according to the reading, unlike fuel-cell engines that produces carbon dioxide, the by-product of fuel-cell engines does not harm the environment.The professor's last point concerns the economic problem. According to the reading, hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines. However, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO9口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO9口语Task6听力文本： Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class. (female) We all know that insects like to eat plants. But some plants are able to develop ways to protect themselves from insects. Today I'm gonna talk about some ways plants defend themselves.Now, some plants have physical features that prevent insects from landing on them. Like the passion plant, for example, its leaves have little spiky hairs all over them. They're like spikes, sticking out of the plant that are so numerous and dense that they prevent insects from landing on the leaves. Basically there're just no room for the insects to land. And since insects can't land on the leaves they can't eat them. So the little hairs serve as a physical feature that help protect passion plant from insects.All right! But other plants protect themselves using chemical defenses, like the potato plant. The potato plant is able to release a chemical throughout its leaf system whenever an insect attacks it, starts eating the leaf. So, say an insect starts eating a potato plant’s leaf, that will cause the plant to react by releasing a chemical throughout its leaf system. The insect swallows this chemical as it eats. And this chemical discourages the insect from wanting to eat more of the plant. How? Well, the substance makes the insect feel full, like it’s already had enough to eat. The insect no longer feels hungry so it stops eating the plant. So, b y emitting this chemical, the potato plant protects itself from insects." 托福TPO9口语Task6题目： Using points from the lecture, explain how the passion plant and the potato plant defend themselves from insects. 托福TPO9口语Task6满分范文： According to the professor, there're two ways for plants to protect themselves from insects. The first one is physical defense; some plants like passion plant have physical features that prevent insects from landing on them. The passion plant has little spiky hairs that cover the whole leave. Since the spiky hairs are numerous and dense, the insects can hardly find room to stand on leaves, and therefore cannot eat leaves. Another one is chemical defense, like the one potato plant uses. When attacked by insects, the plant releases a chemical over its leaf system, which discourages the insect from further eating the plant by making the insect feel full, so the insect may think it's already had enough and stops eating. In this way the potato plant protects itself from insects. (127 words) 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO9口语Task6听力文本+题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

tpo综合写作wellness' program全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：tpo综合写作中，一个常见的话题是关于wellness program（健康项目）。

在这个话题中，通常会讨论公司或组织为员工提供的健康促进计划，以提高员工的健康水平和生活质量。

接下来，将探讨wellness program的重要性、优势和实施策略。

wellness program对员工的健康和幸福感起到了关键作用。

通过提供健康促进服务，员工可以更加关注自己的身体和心理健康，从而提高生产力和工作效率。

wellness program还有助于减少员工的健康问题和疾病，从而降低医疗成本和请假率。

wellness program可以在多个方面带来积极的影响。

wellness program还可以促进员工之间的团队合作和沟通。

通过共同参与健康活动和项目，员工可以建立更紧密的关系，并加强团队精神。

wellness program还可以提供员工交流的平台，让他们能够分享健康知识和经验，从而相互学习和支持。

为了成功实施wellness program，公司或组织需要考虑以下几点策略。

要制定一份全面的健康促进计划，包括健康检查、体育锻炼、饮食建议等内容。

要提供多样化的健康活动和项目，以满足员工的不同需求和兴趣。

还要建立健康促进团队，负责制定和执行计划，监督并评估项目效果。

第二篇示例：TPR综合写作讲述了健康计划的内容，为了促进员工的身心健康和幸福感。

这种综合计划包括一系列活动和服务，旨在帮助员工在忙碌的工作生活中保持健康和平衡。

健康计划通常包括健身活动，如瑜伽课程、跑步俱乐部和健身中心会员资格。

这些活动有助于员工保持健康的身体，并减少压力和焦虑。

员工可以通过参与这些活动来放松身心，提高工作效率和增强团队合作。

健康计划还包括健康教育和咨询服务。

员工可以参加健康讲座，学习有关营养、健康饮食和心理健康的知识。

他们还可以通过健康体检和健康评估了解自己的身体状况，及时预防疾病和保持健康。

剑桥雅思真题9—写作（Test 4 附高分范文）Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.参考范文1：The graph shows energy consumption in the US from 1980 to 2012, and projected consumption to 2030.Petrol and oil are the dominant fuel sources throughout this period, with 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980，rising to 42q in 2012. Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over the period. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980，gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase，with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.In 1980, energy from nuclear, hydro- and solar/wind power was equal at only 4q. Nuclear has risen by 3q, and solar/wind by 2. After slight increases, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is expected to maintain this level until 2030, while the others should rise slightly after 2025.Overall, the US will continue to rely on fossil fuels, with sustainable and nuclear energysources remaining relatively insignificant.参考范文2：The line graph provides information about the consumption of energy by fuel in the United States of America since 1980 with projections until 2030.The most dominant fuel sources throughout the period are petrol and oil. Starting with 35 quadrillion units in 1980, it reached about 42 quadrillions in 2013. It is estimated that by 2030 this fuel source will reach 48 quadrillion units.Consumption of energy derived from coal and natural gas is quite smaller. From 20 and 15 quadrillion units in the beginning of the period, natural gas had a slight decline and coal a gradual increase. The two fuels were equal from 1985 to 1990, when coal began to lead. It is predicted that coal will increase steadily to 32 quadrillion units in 2030, while natural gas will remain stable at 25 quadrillion units.The least prevailing fuel sources in this period are nuclear, hydropower, solar and wind. All of the fuels started with 4 quadrillion units in 1980. Thereafter, nuclear risen to 7 quadrillion units in 2010, while at the same time solar and wind increased only by 1 quadrillion unit. Hydropower had some insignificant rises and fell to the 1980 figure. It is predicted that all these fuels will maintain their levels until 2025, when nuclear, solar and wind will rise slightly.Overall, the United States of America will continue to rely on petrol and oil with less significant usage of sustainable, nuclear and environmentally friendly fuel.Writing Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.参考范文：Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important, because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world. I do not agree with this opinion. Language, other than communication, has many other functions.To begin with, different languages make the world more interesting. If all men are speaking the same language, it would be like all men are wearing the same clothes, the world would be monotonic and boring. The society needs different dialects and accents.Another important reason is that language is the carrier of culture. Every specific nation passes their customs and traditions through language. Sometimes language is a symbol of unity. People speak the same language feel close to each other. The language helps keep their culture alive and gives them a sense of belonging.Last but not least, language determines our thinking patterns. When one language dies out, we not only lose a way of speaking, but lose a way of thinking.Some people may think communication would be much easier if we all speak the samelanguage. However, we should commit that sometimes it is convenient to express real feelings in dialects and accents.In conclusion, a language, no matter how few its speakers are, is invaluable cultural heritage of human beings. Therefore, we should cherish this wealth, protect language diversity and carry all languages down from generation to generation.。

雅思写作9分(1)份雅思写作9分 1范文：It is true that foreign films are more popular in many countries than domestically produced films. There could be several reasons why this is the case, and I believe that governments should promote local film-making by subsidising the industry.There are various reasons why many people find foreign films more enjoyable than the films produced in their own countries. Firstly, the established film industries in certain countries have huge budgets for action, special effects and to shoot scenes in spectacular locations. Hollywood blockbusters like ‘Avatar’ or the James Bond films are examples of such productions and the global appeal that they have. Another reason why these big-budget films are so successful is that they often star the most famous actors and actresses, and they are made by the most plished producers and directors. The poor quality, low-budget filmmaking in many countries suffers in parison.In my view, governments should support local film industries financially. In every country, there may be talented __ film-makers who just need to be given the opportunity to prove themselves. To pete with big-budget productions from overseas, these people need money to pay for film crews, actors and a host of other costs related to producing high-quality films. If governments did help with these costs, they would see an increase in employment in the film industry, e from film sales, and perhaps even a rise in tourist numbers. New Zealand, for example, has seen an increase in tourism related to the 'Lord of the Rings' films, which were partly funded by government subsidies.In conclusion, I believe that increased financial support could help to raise the quality of locally made films and allow them to pete with the foreign productions that currently dominate the market.(295 words, band 9)。

Technology is today part of the everydaylife we are surrounded it by it and can't live without it. But despite all the good things thatderive from technology, I strongly agree that there are some ways that technology causeschildren to think less.For one thing, there is almost no information that cannot be found on the internet.When it comes to reading, many high schoolstudents agree to refer to"notes"sites instead of reading a complete book assigned by theirteachers. These sites usually map out the important stories, passages, and charactersfor the student. This destroys creativity by not allowing the student to understand the storyon his or her own and discover the true personal meanings of the assignment. An activitysuch as reading is suppose to question one’s intellect and challenge one’s thinking but withthese sites available, kids now rely on the information given and fail to appreciate and growthat is the purpose of reading many books.During other activities encountered inschool, such as projects, children now tendto rely on the internet to come up with ideas.I have observed this many times. When acreative assignment is given by the teacher,instead of brainstorming ideas together,children just hop on a computer and search forideas on the internet. It's one thing to use theinternet as a tool as oppose to using it incessantly and not letting your imagination andcreativity take charge. Other forms of technology such as videogames and TV has a great impact on usingup time that used to be devoted to imagination and creative activities. Before TV andcomputer, children invented their world juston their own using their fantasy when building things with blocks or being outdoors inthe nature. They used simple things for constructing adventures and had great ideas fornew games together or alone. This means theylearn to be creative and self-conscious. Nowaday, how can theylearn these skills when passively watching TVor doing what the computer says?In summary, there is a lot about technology that takes away from chances for childrento be creative and develop creative skills.。

雅思写作9分范文Title: Effects of Social Media on SocietyIntroductionIn the past decade, the rise of social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, has revolutionized the way people communicate and interact. While social media has undoubtedly brought numerous benefits, it has also triggered significant changes in society. This essay will explore the effects of social media, both positive and negative, on various aspects of human life and society.Body1. Communication and ConnectivityOne of the most obvious benefits of social media is its ability to connect people from different parts of the world. Social media platforms allow individuals to communicate instantaneously and easily share thoughts, ideas, and information. Friends and family members living in different countries can now stay connected, which facilitates greater social cohesion. It also leads to the formation of global communities where people with common interests can connect and collaborate. Furthermore, social media platforms provide a platform for marginalized groups to voice their opinions and find support.2. Information Sharing and AwarenessSocial media platforms have become key sources of news and information for many people. Traditional media outlets are no longer the sole gatekeepers of information. Social media allows individuals to share news, articles, and opinions, thereby expanding the diversity of information available. Moreover, social media has proven to be a powerful tool for raising awareness about important social and humanitarian issues. Movements like#BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo gained momentum on social media, shedding light on systemic injustices and mobilizing global support.3. Business and Career OpportunitiesBusinesses have recognized the potential of social media as a marketing tool. Social media platforms provide a cost-effective way of reaching millions of potential customers. Companies can now directly engage with their target audience, gather customer feedback, and build brand recognition. Additionally, social media has opened up new career opportunities in fields like social media management, content creation, and influencer marketing. Professionals can showcase their skills and expertise, connect with industry peers, and find job opportunities through networking on social media.4. Mental Health and Well-beingThough social media has its advantages, it also poses certain risks to mental health. The constant exposure to carefully curated images, posts, and updates on social media can lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. Comparison with peers andunrealistic beauty standards portrayed on social media platforms can contribute to anxiety and depression. Furthermore, excessive use of social media has been linked to sleep disturbances, as individuals may spend late hours scrolling through their feeds. It is important to strike a balance and engage in healthy social media habits to protect mental well-being.5. Privacy and Security ConcernsThe widespread use of social media has raised serious concerns regarding privacy and security. Personal data shared on social media platforms is susceptible to exploitation by third parties for targeted advertising or even identity theft. Moreover, the ease with which false information can be spread on social media makes individuals vulnerable to spreading misinformation and fake news. Social media companies have a responsibility to ensure the security and privacy of user data and to combat the dissemination of false information.ConclusionSocial media has undoubtedly changed the way we live, communicate, and interact. Its positive impacts on communication, connectivity, access to information, and business opportunities cannot be denied. However, it is crucial to address the negative effects, such as mental health concerns and privacy issues. Society must navigate social media's benefits and limitations to ensure a healthy and balanced use of these powerful platforms. It is essential for individuals, as well as social media companies, to takeresponsibility for their actions and actively work towards harnessing the potential of social media for the greater good.。

Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast (TPO9-1) It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age. The first watercraft theory about the migration was that around 11,000-12,000 years ears ago there was anice-free corridorstretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. It was the midcontinental corridor between two massive ice sheets-the Laurentide to the west-that enabled the southward migration. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat.在很久之前就已经接受美洲过去是被来自亚洲的移民所殖民，它们在上一个冰河时期缓慢的穿过叫Beringia的大陆桥（是现在亚洲的东北和Alaska的白令海峡）。

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO9独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO9独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO9独立写作满分范文： Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highly advanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids to become more creative. First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal art resources which is their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databases through iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great works are essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation. However, these wonderful equipment and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reach limited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children to be more creative. Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer software and applications, such as Photoshop for creative graphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music, 3DMax for building up a virtual world, etc. All the software were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provide our children an effective tool for realizing their creativity. Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobs earned millions of dollars a year for his unparalleled creation, and Mark Zuckberg gained his reputation for the genius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity. However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with what is already available because everything are so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them. Children lost in pc games or blindly pursuing every single piece of tech apparatus is a relevant example. Thus,it is always necessary to keep children’s mind active in the marvelous world of technology. In a nutshell, I still regard children as becoming increasingly creative in technology development, although it might bring minor side effect. As long as we keep a balanced mood on children enjoying the fruit of technology, they are sure to contribute more to innovation than in the past. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO9独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

剑9 1-2Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Traditionally children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school,but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools,with both positive and negative outcomes.The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates leaning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent,shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thus maintaining learners’enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in late life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.There are,however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is diminished, if primary language teaching is not standardised, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake,resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primarypupils become demotivated as soon as they change school.However,these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted.Anything which encourage language learning benefits society culturally and economically, and early exposure to language learning contributes to this. Young children’s innate abilities should be harnessed to make these benefits more achievable.剑9 2-1The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different type of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002.Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes.This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phone tripled.To sum up, although local fixed line call were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.剑9 3-2Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. Onepossible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle.Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests;those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract the already fit, not those who most need them. Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, for example by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done. This has the added benefit that parents and children often use them together just for fun, which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age.As well as physical activity, high tax penalties could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health. Even improving public transport would help: it takes longer to walk to the bus stop than to the car.In my opinion,focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results. People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.剑9 4-1The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The graph shows energy consumption in the US from 1980 to 2012, and projected consumption to 2030.Petrol and oil are the dominant fuel sources throughout this period, with 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980, rising to 42q in 2012. Despite some initial fluctuation. From 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over theperiod. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.In 1980, energy from nuclear, hydro-and solar/wind power was equal at only 4q.Nuclear has risen by 3q, and solar/wind by 2. After slight increase, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is expected to maintain this level until 2030. While the others should rise slightly after 2025.Overall, the US will continue to rely on fossil fuels, with sustainable and nuclear energy sources remaining relatively insignificant.。

List of Contents (TPO综合写作例文解析整理版)Contents TPO 1PAGES 1TPO 27 TPO 3 16 TPO 423 TPO 530 TPO 636 TPO 742 TPO 848 TPO 954 TPO 1059 TPO 11 65 TPO 1270 TPO 13 76 TPO 1482 TPO 1587 TPO 1693 TPO 1799 TPO 18104 TPO 19108 TPO 20113 TPO 21119 TPO 22124 TPO 23129 TPO 24134 TPO 25139 TPO 26140TPO 01阅读材料：In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each d ay. H owever, m any e mployees w ant t o w ork a f our-­‐day w eek a nd a re w illing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-­‐day workweek for four-­‐fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the i ndividual c ompanies a nd t he e mployees w ho d ecided t o t ake t he o ption.在美国，职员一般执行的一周五天，每天八小时工作制。

（完整版）剑桥英语9雅思考官范⽂（⼤作⽂+⼩作⽂）剑9 1-2Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Traditionally children have begun studying foreign languages at secondary school,but introducing them earlier is recommended by some educationalists. This policy has been adopted by some educational authorities or individual schools,with both positive and negative outcomes.The obvious argument in its favour is that young children pick up languages much more easily than teenagers. Their brains are still programmed to acquire their mother tongue, which facilitates leaning another language, and unlike adolescents, they are not inhibited by self-consciousness.The greater flexibility of the primary timetable allows for more frequent,shorter sessions and for a play-centred approach, thus maintaining learners’enthusiasm and progress. Their command of the language in late life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other languages subsequently will be easier for them. They may also gain a better understanding of other cultures.There are,however, some disadvantages. Primary school teachers are generalists, and may not have the necessary language skills themselves. If specialists have to be brought in to deliver these sessions, the flexibility referred to above is diminished, if primary language teaching is not standardised, secondary schools could be faced with a great variety of levels in different languages within their intake,resulting in a classroom experience which undoes the earlier gains. There is no advantage if enthusiastic primarypupils become demotivated as soon as they change school.However,these issues can be addressed strategically within the policy adopted.Anything which encourage language learning benefits society culturally and economically, and early exposure to language learning contributes to this. Young children’s innate abilities should be harnessed to make these benefits more achievable.剑9 2-1The chart below shows the total number of minutes (in billions) of telephone calls in the UK, divided into three categories, from 1995-2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different type of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002.Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998. After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes.This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phone tripled.To sum up, although local fixed line call were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.剑9 3-2Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.A problem of modern societies is the declining level of health in the general population, with conflicting views on how to tackle this worrying trend. Onepossible solution is to provide more sports facilities to encourage a more active lifestyle.Advocates of this believe that today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sports centres, we would be more likely to make exercise a regular part of our lives, rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening. The variety of sports that could be offered would cater for all ages, levels of fitness and interests;those with painful memories of PE at school might be happier in the swimming pool than on the football pitch.However, there may be better ways of tackling this problem. Interest in sport is not universal, and additional facilities might simply attract the already fit, not those who most need them. Physical activity could be encouraged relatively cheaply, forexample by installing exercise equipment in parks, as my local council has done. This has the added benefit that parents andchildren often use them together just for fun, which develops a positive attitude to exercise at an early age.As well as physical activity, high tax penalties could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol, as excessive consumption of any of these contributes to poor health. Even improving public transport would help: it takes longer to walk to the bus stop than to the car.In my opinion,focusing on sports facilities is too narrow an approach and would not have the desired results. People should be encouraged not only to be more physically active but also to adopt a healthier lifestyle in general.剑9 4-1The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption of energy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.The graph shows energy consumption in the US from 1980 to 2012, and projected consumption to 2030.Petrol and oil are the dominant fuel sources throughout this period, with 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980, rising to 42q in 2012. Despite some initial fluctuation. From 1995 there was a steady increase. This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over theperiod. From 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990. Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q. Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.In 1980, energy from nuclear, hydro-and solar/wind power was equal at only 4q.Nuclear has risen by 3q, and solar/wind by 2. After slight increase, hydropower has fallen back to the 1980 figure. It is expected to maintain this level until 2030. While the others should rise slightly after 2025.Overall, the US will continue to rely on fossil fuels, with sustainable and nuclear energy sources remaining relatively insignificant.。

雅思写作九分作文范文欣赏：There is no doubt that helping students find a job is one of the primary functions of university education， but universities do exist for other purposes such as improving students’analytical skills and raising students’moral standards.A university education can be seen as a process of improving students’analytical thinking. The variety of courses offered at university inspires students in various ways， therefore improving their analytical ability. For example， science courses such as math and biology help students develop a rational way of thinking whereas arts courses such as literature 123ve to let students ponder over issues from a logical， multi- dimensional perspective; and courses in social sciences force students to recognize the ideas that have been traditionally assumed to be acceptable and unproblematic. With the development of these types of analytical thinking， graduates can face future challenges with more confidence and enthusiasm.Also， university education is expected to improve students’ moral standards. This is rooted in universities’belief that students’awar123ss of responsibility towards their community and their country is of high importance. In this ever-deg123rating society and civilization，students are encouraged actively participate in improving the local community. A university that provides care and facilities for physicallydisadvantaged students may inspire the graduates to better handle situations in the future where they may have to interact with the disabled community. A successful university education is supposed to produce morally sound graduates， therefore increasing their employability.In conclusion， university education not only helps students locate a decent job but will also develop other qualities such as enhancing their analytical skills and cultivating their hunger and spirit for life.Some people warn that the era of the silver screen is coming to an end and that people will eventually lose interest in going to the cinema.Do you agree or disagree with this view?(250 words)wilight 2: New Moon could become the most successful blockbuster in movie history. Despite the movie has made more than 2,000 million US dollars over the week, many still believe movie industry is for sure to fade out from pe ople’s entertainment life. Personally, I found it hard to side with the pessimists.Undoubtedly, the magic of silver screen is no longer that fascinating as before. One major reason to draw people away from cinema is the evolution of home entertainment. Since technology can almost recreate similar audio-visual experience right in your living room, many have turned to their couch and popcorn. There could not be a better example than the booming of video stores worldwide. They sprung up everywherearound resi dential areas and had won many people’s favor.Though cinema might be facing crucial challenge by other forms of entertainment, it is too reckless to spell its end. The silver screen still attracts people as a unique experience. Going to cinema is more a form of social activities, therefore, many people still prefer such opportunities, not only to see a brilliant movie, but have a good time with families or friends as well. Many major Cineplex have already launched diverse family coupons as a marketing gesture. This can show how cinema can adopt and adapt in this changing environment.Cinemas also consolidate its status by always providing the latest movie. With most producing companies tend to release DVD a while after the movie, hence, for many movie fanatic, cinema is always their first choice. The Twilight 2 movie can make such a killing is just the perfect way to show the advantages of cinema over DVD.In conclusion, I agree cinemas are facing extreme competition in modern time. However, I do not think i t would be bleached away in people’s life. Being aware of the challenge, cinemas can also surprise us with new elements.o what extent do you agree or disagree?Nowadays, there are lots of advertisements on television or on the streets. Som people think that the advertsing boosts the sales of goods and it encourages people to buy things unnecessarily. This arguments maybe true in my country, many advertising companies produce advertisements with famous and popular actors or singers. People, especially youngsters, buy goods that their favourite singer advertise, although they do not really need the products.Also, on the television screen, a product may look gorgeous and good quality. As a result of it, people often buy goods without enough consideration. Consumers may not actually need it but they buy goods impulsively soon after they watch the advertising. Furthermore, as many customers buy a particular product due to its advertising campaign, the other people may be affected by the trend, even if the product is not of the real needs of the society.On the other hand, there are vairous aspects against these arguments. Moreover, it is people's choice to make a decision to buy goods. Advertising may be not a cause of customers' buying habits. Individuals have their own spending habits. If they have got enough disposable income, then the right to make a decision is given to them. No one actually can judge whether the goods sold are the real needs of the society or not.In addition, as there should be a limited amount of disposable income consumers are able to spend, people try to allocate their budgets. They cannot be simply swayed by those advertisements.In conclsuion, as customers have their own strong opinions and standad of good quality goods, it is better to leave them to make their own decisionin buy goods. It is fairly difficult to say everyone is swayed by advertising and buy good impulsively. However, in sensitive area of businesses such as toy industries, it may be necessary to band advertising to those children as children have not got enough ability to control themselves or to know what they need.（332words）This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7.5 score. Here is the examiner's comment:The way in which the candidate has responded to the task is a strong point of this script. It is a well-developed answer that addresses the issues relevantly and at length. The writer introduces the topic, examines both sides of the argument and expresses a clear position. Points are well-argued and supported with examples.The answer is well-organised and the message is easy to follow with clear paragraphing and linking of ideas. There are too many erros in cohesion, however, and some linkers are not always fully appropriate, so this limits the rating for this criterion.A wide range of vocabulary is used accurately and precisely, in spite of one or two awkward expressions and some rare errors. Similarly, a sophisticated range of structures is used but there are too many minor errors and omissions (such as in the use of prepositions and basic subjedct/verb agreement) to reach Band 8. Nevertheless these mistakes do not reduce the clarity of the answer and overall a wide range of languageis used with a high level of proficiency.A rise in the world’s population is having serious, negative effects on the environment. Some scientists believe that the only way to solve the problem is to set up a colony on the Moon. Others argue that the cost would be far too great and other solutions should be sought.What is your opinion?The environment is, of course, under serious threat, but the extent to which population growth is responsible may not be as great as some people claim. In fact there are many other factors such as the growth in big cities, pollution from traffic and manufacturing, and the destruction of rainforest that probably play a bigger role. It is questionable, therefore, how far a colony on the Moon would help solve the problem.One of the most serious threats to the global ecosystem is the destruction of the rainforests with an area the size of Europe disappearing every year. And this is largely due to large companies in their pursuit of profit. Indeed, whilst international logging companies claim to use on average 10 percent of the species of trees that make up the rainforest, that 10 percent of species constitute about 90 percent of the volume.Naturally, if the world’s population was not as large, the demand for wood would be considerably reduced, which would support setting up a colony on the Moon. But even if the colony was set up how many people inreality, would relocate? Even if the number ran into tens of thousands the actual effect on the world’s population would be minimal. Indeed, we only need to consider how many people were killed during the two world wars, which ran into millions, to support this claim. Instead, the cost should be transferred into the development of sustainable economies.Take, for instance, the growth of big cities that consume land at an enormous rate, and that rely on transport and essential services that devastate the environment. If people were to revert to living in small semi self-contained communities, many of the problems experienced by big cities could be avoided. It would even be beneficial for the economy because it would promote the development of small, family run businesses.At the end of the day, to claim that setting up a colony on the Moon would help to solve the issue of environmental damage is to close our eyes to the causes of the damage. In short, it could potentially turn out to be a very costly exercise with few real benefits. (364 words) Step1: 首先确定本文的subject(主体，即topic讨论的对象)－The practice of including international news into the subjects of secondary schools.Step2: 构思所有能够想到的subject的pros and cons (优点和缺点) Pros: 让中学生上国际新闻这门课有什么好处呢？一般应该马上会想到通过观看国际新闻，聆听专家关于国际时事的看法可以开拓学生的眼界，并有利于提高他们透过现象认识事件本质的分析能力(即我上课讲的分论点四大黄金原则当中的“能力原则”)。

tpo9综合写作文本其二，逻辑清晰，论据具体。

tpo独立写作范文要求展开充分。

要求我们在保持平衡的基础上有所侧重。

论述一个问题，一定要做到在某些方面有所倾向，但是对其他的观点也要稍微着些笔墨。

在论述时，需要具体合适的例子作为论据，来支持论点。

例子不在于多少，而在于是否贴切，不要生搬硬套。

其四，语言。

tpo独立写作范文的语言需要达到准确、流畅、丰富三个基本标准。

准确要求在拼写、语法、用词上没有错误，以及一些搭配要准确，这是基本的。

流畅则是读起来要顺口，行文一气呵成使得逻辑清晰。

语言的丰富体现了考生的语言能力，注意用词的时候尽量避免重复。

一些修辞手法的运用更能体现语言的丰富。

一篇标准的tpo独立写作范文主要做到以上几点就可以了。

相信这样的分析能对广大考生有所帮助。

我考过托福，writing 30，这里简单给你提几个意见：1、字数不错，一般能打到450左右的文章文辞不太差的话都能上4分，INTEGRATED上300的话写作不会下25.但是你考试时也能打这么多。

2、结构要改进，第一段观点陈述不要少于引言或让步，你应该简要的把分论点写出来，indicating the organization of the essay. 还有两个分论点字数不要相差太大，最好可以的话写三个分论点。

3、两个理由貌似没有很大的差别啊，科技包括很多，不要只谈INTERNET. 4、要仔细检查，语法错误很多啊.5、例子很详细，赞。

但也可以说些别的，不仅仅只是生活中见到的。

比如编一些survey之类的综上所述这篇文章大概22-25吧感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

托福TPO9综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO9综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。

托福TPO9综合写作阅读原文文本：Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile's main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.One of the main problems with the internal-combustion engine is that it relies on petroleum, either in the form of gasoline or diesel fuel. Petroleum is a finite resource; someday, we will run out of oil. The hydrogen needed for fuel-cell engines cannot easily be depleted. Hydrogen can be derived from various plentiful sources, including natural gas and even water. The fact that fuel-cell engines utilize easily available, renewable resources makes them particularly attractive.Second, hydrogen-based fuel cells are attractive because they will solve many of the world's pollution problems. An unavoidable by-product of burning oil is carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide harms the environment. On the other hand, the only byproduct of fuel-cell engines is water.Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobileis nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.托福TPO9综合写作听力原文文本：The reading is correct in pointing out the problems associated with oil-powered cars. Yes, oil is a finite resource, and yes, burning oil harms the environment. However, the reading is way too optimistic in its assessment of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines. Hydrogen is not the solution to these problems.First, hydrogen is not as easily available as the passage indicates. Although it's present in common substances like water, it's not directly useable in that form. For using a fuel-cell engine, hydrogen must first be obtained in a pure liquid state. This pure liquid hydrogen is a highly artificial substance. It's technologically very difficult to produce and store liquid hydrogen. For example, it must be kept veryvery cold at minus 253 degrees Celsius. Imagine the elaborate cooling technology that's required for that! So hydrogen is not such a practical and easily available substance, is it?Second, using hydrogen would not solve the pollution problems associated with cars. Why? Producing pure hydrogen creates a lot of pollution. To get pure hydrogen from water or natural gas, you have to use a purification process that requires lots of energy that's obtained by burning coal or oil. And burning coal and oil creates lots of pollution. So although the cars would not pollute, the factories that generated the hydrogen for the cars would pollute.Third, there won't necessarily be any cost savings when youconsider how expensive it is to manufacture the fuel-cell engine. That's because fuel-cell engines require components made of platinum, a very rare and expensive metal. Without the platinum components in the engine, the hydrogen doesn't undergo the chemical reaction that produces the electricity to power the automobile. All the efforts to replace platinum with a cheaper material have so far been unsuccessful.托福TPO9综合写作满分范文：The reading states that fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines. However, the lecturer points out that replacing internal-combustion engines with hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable.First, the lecturer argues although, as the reading states, hydrogen resource are abundant in various resources, it cannot be utilized before being turning into liquid state, which is hard to produce and store technologically. For example, it must be kept cold at minus 253 degrees Celsius which can only be realized with elaborate cooling technology.Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful by-products due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process.Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact thatfuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacture because they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.以上是给大家整理的托福TPO9综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。

托福范文系列 (Part 9)3. You must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for you to consider in making you selection?The person’s educationThe person’s work experienceThe quality of the person’s previous workUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Training someone to do a job is an important task. It requires a good education, work experience, and skilled job performance. Of these three requirements, I believe it is most important that a potential job trainer be judged on the quality of his or her previous work.A person may be well educated, but not able to perform a job proficiently. A doctor may know how totreat childhood diseases, but not be able to train medical students to perform surgery. An accountant may be able to balance a company’s accounts, but not be able to help the company’s executives invest their money.A person may have a lot of work experience, but not be able to do the job well. Time is not the best measure of quality. A mother may spend 17-years raising her children, but not be able to train young mothers to care for their infants. A typist may have typed ten-years worth of letters, but may not type over 30 words a minute.A person who does a job well is the one you want to be a trainer. I want to learn to fly a plane from a pilot who has faced a lot of mechanical problems in flight and never had an accident. I want to learn how to make money from a billionaire not form a salaried investment broker.As in all things, it is quality that we look for, not general knowledge or time spent in an occupation.I want others to learn from the best, so they can be the best, too.4. Business should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In some business cultures, it is the practice to hire workers when they are young and employ them until they retire. In other business cultures companies hire people to do a job and then fire them when they are not needed. To me, the important considerations in today’s economy is job performance: speed and change. Loyalty is not a consideration.Today there is a lot of competition and we need to hire workers who can perform a task well. We need to find skilled workers who can do a job without a lot of training. We need to match the job to the worker, and, if the job changes, we change the worker.Because of this increased competition, we need to be able to produce our goods or services quickly. We need young people who are willing to put in long hours. We need young people who are aggressive and will push themselves to do their job faster.In order to compete, we have to be innovative. By changing our workforce frequently, we can bring innew ideas. We must constantly be looking for new ways to do new things. We need fresh workers with fresh points of view.Although a company’s loyalty to a worker and a workers loyalty to a company is a noble idea, it is not practical today. Skilled workers do not want to be tied down to one company; they want the flexibility to improve their opportunities. Change makes the economy powerful.。

本期话题:Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city. Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.参考范⽂:----1----I grew up in a small town and then moved to a big city, so I have experienced the good and badsides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong. After ten years of living in one, I can't imagine ever living in a small town again.独特经历，不同视⾓，给⼈以轻松⾃然的关怀的感觉Small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of(⽤…的话；按照，从…⽅⾯来说)transportation. In a small town,you have to own a car to ensure a comfortable living. You can't get around without one becausethere isn't any kind of public transportation. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensiveparking, but there you have a choice of taking public transportation. It's not free, but it's oftencheaper than driving when you consider gas and time. Especially if you don't have a car, you'rebetter off in the city.客观评价，各有千秋，不过⾔语中透出对城市的更爱I love the excitement of big cities. Small towns have a slow pace. Large cities mean you have toadapt to a variety of situations, like finding a new route to work or trying a new restaurant. I enjoythat challenge very much. Another pan of the excitement of city living is the variety of culturalactivities available. There is a wide assortment(An assortment is a group of similar things that are of different sizes or colours or have different qualities. ) of theatre, music and dance performancesavailable in big cities. These things are rare in small ones.城市刺激，有激情，乡村更显闲适The final thing I like about large cities is the diversity(The diversity of something is the fact that it contains many very different elements)of the people. The United States is made upof people of different races, religions, abilities, and interests. However, you seldom find such avariety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where everyone was just like mewould quickly become boring.⼤城市丰富，有内容Of course, security is a concern, and that's one area where small towns are superior to big cities.Still, I would rather be a bit more cautious and live in a large city than to feel secure but bored.安全问题，作者宁愿牺牲⼀点安全，也不愿感到寂寞----2----Where should we live? Some may choose to live in big cities, while other like the natural and quiet surroundings in countryside. As far as I am concerned, I would like to live in a big city because living in a big city has more advantages than living in countryside.平⽩如题To begin with, the city is the symbol of human civilization and there are a many facilities forliving, recreation and health care. Therefore, living there is more convenient than living incountryside. For example, we can find a plenty of malls around our neighborhood, where we canbuy everyday necessities at a low price. Furthermore, people concern more about their health andsafety than other things in their lives. In big cities, medical facilities and emergency services areeasily accessible than in countryside. Big cities also have convenient transportation and utilitysystems. They also offer faster Internet connections. These all make our life easier in big cities.⼈类⽂明成果，所以⽅便---医疗，络In addition, we can take part in a variety of events in big cities. Human being likes to live togetherand need to interact with each other. In a big city, the population density is high therefore thereare always plenty of social activities, sports events and concerts. There are more recreationalplaces in big cities, such as opera houses, movie theatres, clubs, and swimming pools. You willhave many kinds of entertainment in big cities, and meet many people. In countryside, however,the life may be dull and quite, and you may only have a few neighbors. Living alone with fewactivities can easily cause mental diseases.可以参加的活动⽅⾯，城市显胜，⼜引出⼼理健康⽅⾯Some may argue that the pollution in cities makes people sick. However, with automobiles andmodern highways we can easily take a break to expose to fresh air in countryside and sunshine onthe beach.城市污染是个问题，但城市的发达⼜提供了减少这个问题的⽅法---⽅便的到户外In conclusion, I strongly hold that living in big cities is much better than living in countrysidebecause of the advanced facilities and social activities in cities. Moreover, the autos and highwaysenable us to enjoy the natural and quiet surroundings in countryside.----3----In English, there is a well-known fairy story about a poor country boy, Dick Whittington, whogoes to London because he believes that the streets of that city are “paved（If a road or an area of ground has been paved, it has been covered with flat blocks of stone or concrete, so that it is suitable for walking or driving on. ） with gold”. The story is a tale of “from rags to riches（You use rags to riches to describe the way in which someone quickly becomes very rich after they have been quite poor.）”. Dick eventually becomes the Lord（In Britain, Lord is used in the titles of some officials of very high rank）Mayor of London. Like thehero of that story, I always find wonder and adventure in cities.由故事引⼊，表明城市的吸引⼒Cities contain a great assortment of people. Whenever I walk around a shopping precinct（A shopping precinct is an area in the centre of a town in which cars are not allowed.） atmidday on a weekend, I am fascinated by all the different types of people hurrying around theshops. Sometimes, I just sit on a public bench and simply watch the variegated （Something that is variegated consists of many different parts or types. (FORMAL)⾊彩斑斓）streams ofshoppers. Today, in the age of globe-trotting（If you trot somewhere, you move fairly fast at a speed between walking and running, taking small quick steps. ） transport and communications, city life is moremixed than it has ever been. Capital cities are not cosmopolitan（A cosmopolitan place or society is full of people from many different countries and cultures）, and eager to attract foreign tradeand currency. There is a contemporary （Contemporary things are modern and relate to the present time. ）English joke which tells that “you can never find anEnglishman in London”.城市中⼈们多种多样，也是全球化的需要（为什么说这个？请看下⽂）Whether rightly or wrongly, governments and local authorities usually build public amenities（Amenities are things such as shopping centres or sports facilities that are provided for people's convenience, enjoyment, or comfort. ） inthe big cities. Money is invested in transport, libraries, parks and museums. Often, countries willcompete with each other for the best “show-case” building. Malaysia has built a skyscraper that istaller than is anything in New York. In large countries, region（A region is a large area of land that is different from other areas of land, for example because it is one of the different parts of a country with its own customs and characteristics, or because it has a particular geographical feature. ） will compete against region: NewYork against Chicago, Shanghai against Hong Kong and Beijing.城市之间，地域之间，互相竞争（为什么说这个？请看下⽂）All of this is good for the citizen. The magic of the Dick Whittington story is rekindled（If something rekindles an interest, feeling, or thought that you used to have, it makes you think about it or feel it again. ） in me when I enter a library in a magnificent building. If a person is at university studying art or music, a large city usually offers galleries（A gallery is a place that has permanent exhibitions of works of art in it. ） and public performances. Even as a teenager, I appreciated the worth of living in a city because two or three times a year there was a rock concert by a favorite band.城市的竞争提⾼⼈们的⽣活质量Architecture is the urban landscape. If a person has an appreciation of architecture, a city can beas visually exciting as the Himalayas. A modern metropolis（A metropolis is the largest, busiest, and most important city in a country or region. ） is a mountain range of height, lightand solidness. And then there are the old buildings: the quaint（Something that is quaint is attractive because it is unusual and rather old-fashioned.）, unspoiled side-street or shops andhomes from a distant age. If a person lived all of his life in one large city, he would continue todiscover its architectural secrets into his old age.建筑是城市的景观，对学建筑的⼈来说别有意义Man is a 'social animal'. He talks, mixes and creates. Cities offer the libraries, universities and cafebars for him to meet others of his kind.⼈是社会动物，还是呆城市。

托福范文系列(Part 9)1. Is it better to enjoy your money when you earn it or is it better to save your money for some time in the future? Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.“Save it for rainy day.” That’s my motto. When I have a choic e between spending my money or putting it in my savings account at the bank, I always put it in the bank.I will have a lot of expenses in the future like my education, travel, and unforeseen emergencies. I need to have money set aside for these expenses.Education is expensive. I can’t depend on my parents to pay all my bills. I have tuition, room and board, books, and incidental expenses to pay for. I’ll try to get a scholarship to cover some of these costs, but I know I will be responsible for a lot of the expenses. If I spend my money now, I won’t be able to pay for my education. I need to save money for my education.Travel is also very expensive. I don’t mean vacation travel. I mean travel to get to and from school. Transpacific airfare costs a lot even special reduced fares. I first have to get to school and then, of course, I want to return to my family for important festivals and occasions. Going back and forth will be costly, but worth it. I need to save money for these trips.Emergencies could arrive at any moment. I might have an unexpected illness while I am at school. There might be costs that won’t covered by the school insurance. One of my family members may need help, I will have to send them money. You can’t predict emergencies like this, but you can be prepared.I need to save money for these emergencies.When you are not rich, you cannot spend your money carelessly. You must plan ahead. I know in my life, I will have expenses for my schooling and for travelling to and from my home. I know that I will also have unexpected expenses related to unforeseen emergencies. I must be prepared. I need to save money for these events.2. You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want toattend. Which would you buy? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.The choice between spending money on tickets to a concert or spending money on jewelry is an easy one. Given this choice, I would buy jewelry. The reasons are obvious, jewelry is an investment; it is permanent; and it is fashionable.Jewelry like a gold bracelet for example is a very good investment. It is important for women( and for man, too) to have gold jewelry. If you have some serious financial problem, you could always sell your jewelry to help you over any rough spots. You could not sell your used concert ticket.Jewelry, unless you sell it, is permanent. You always have it ware. Each time you put it on , you will remember the day you bought it. It will give you pleasure for years and years. You could not wear the ticket stub from the concert.Jewelry is very fashionable. I would feel very smart wearing a beautiful gold bracelet or diamond pin. People would comment and tell me how much they loved my jewelry. They would compliment me on my good taste.I would feel very rich with my jewelry. I would have a good investment which is permanent and fashionable. Then, when someone invites me to a concert( and pays for my ticket), I will have something beautiful to wear.3. You must select a person to teach others to do a job. Which one of the following is the most important for you to consider in making you selection?λThe person’s educationThe person’s work experienceλThe quality of the person’s previous workUse specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Training someone to do a job is an important task. It requires a good education, work experience, and skilled job performance. Of these threerequirements, I believe it is most important that a potential job trainer be judged on the quality of his or her previous work.A person may be well educated, but not able to perform a job proficiently. A doctor may know how to treat childhood diseases, but not be able to train medical students to perform surgery. An accountant may be able to balance a company’s accounts, but not be able to help the company’s executives invest their money.A person may have a lot of work experience, but not be able to do the job well. Time is not the best measure of quality. A mother may spend 17-years raising her children, but not be able to train young mothers to care for their infants. A typist may have typed ten-years worth of letters, but may not type over 30 words a minute.A person who does a job well is the one you want to be a trainer. I want to learn to fly a plane from a pilot who has faced a lot of mechanical problems in flight and never had an accident. I want to learn how to make money from a billionaire not form a salaried investment broker.As in all things, it is quality that we look for, not general knowledge or time spent in an occupation. I want others to learn from the best, so they can be the best, too.4. Business should hire employees for their entire lives. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.In some business cultures, it is the practice to hire workers when they are young and employ them until they retire. In other business cultures companies hire people to do a job and then fire them when they are not needed. To me, the im portant considerations in today’s economy is job performance: speed and change. Loyalty is not a consideration.Today there is a lot of competition and we need to hire workers who can perform a task well. We need to find skilled workers who can do a job without a lot of training. We need to match the job to the worker, and, if the job changes, we change the worker.Because of this increased competition, we need to be able to produce our goods or services quickly. We need young people who are willing to put in long hours. We need young people who are aggressive and will push themselves to do their job faster.In order to compete, we have to be innovative. By changing our workforce frequently, we can bring in new ideas. We must constantly be looking for new ways to do new things. We need fresh workers with fresh points of view.Although a company’s loyalty to a worker and a workers loyalty to a company is a noble idea, it is not practical today. Skilled workers do not want to be tied down to one company; they want the flexibility to improve their opportunities. Change makes the economy powerful.。