英国文学-名词解释-

英国文学-名词解释-

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1.epic 史诗:a long narrative poem, grand in style, about

heroes and heroic deeds, embodying heroic

ideals of a nation or race in the making. Beowulf is the

English national epic that was passed from mouth to mouth and

written down by many unknown hands.

2.Conceit:a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison

between two startlingly different things. A

conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem.

An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the

metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such

as John Donne..

3.Epiphany(顿悟）: a sudden revelation of truth about life

inspired by a seemingly trivial incident

4.Metaphysical poetry:玄学诗派the poetry of John Donne

and other 17th-century poets who wrote

in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess,

ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language,

elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas .

5.Stream of consciousness意识流: a kind of writing technique

in which a character's perceptions, thoughts, and

memories are presented in an apparently random form,

without regard for logical sequence, chronology, or syntax.

Often such writing makes no distinction between various

levels of reality--such as dreams, memories, imaginative

thoughts or real sensory perception.

6.heroic couplet 英雄双韵体

two successive lines of rhymed poetry in iambic pentameter. Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece The Canterbury Tale was

written in heroic couplet.

7.ballad meter 民谣体

traditionally a four-line stanza containing alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, usually with a refrain and the rhyme

scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great

love ballad.

8.sonnet 十四行诗

a fixed form consisting of fourteen lines of 5-foot iambic

verse. It first flourished in Italy in the 14th

century. William Shakespeare was a great English sonnet

writer famous for his 154 sonnets.

9.iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格

the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually

an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was

probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly

established by him in The Canterbury Tales.

10.image 意象

a concrete representation of an object or sensory experience.

Typically, such a representation helps

evoke the feelings associated with the object or experience

itself. Many images are conveyed by figurative language. An

image may be visual, olfactory, tactile, auditory, gustatory,

abstract and kinaesthetic. The rose in Robert Burns’ poem “A

Red, Red Rose” is a beautiful image.

11.“Dramatic monologue”戏剧独白

that is a lyric poem which reveals “ a soul in action”

through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation.

T he character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener at

a dramatic monent in the speaker’s life. 12.blank verse 无韵诗，素体诗

unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most widely used of

English verse forms and usually used in English dramatic and epic

poetry. William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is written in blank

verse.

13.Sonnet is a verse form of fourteen lines, in English

characteristically in iambic pentameter and most often in one of

the two rhyme schemes: the Italian(or Petrarchan) or

Shakespearean

14.essay 散文

a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a few

hundred words or of book length and

which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of

topics. It is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all literary

forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a

model of good essay.

15.English Romanticism 英国浪漫主义

a literary movement that aimed at free expres sion of the

writer’s ideas and feelings and flourished in

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the early 19th century England. A great representative of this

movement is Percy Bysshe Shelley, the author of “Ode to the

West Wind”.

16.Naturalism自然主义: A literary movement seeking to

depict life as accurately as possible, without artificial

distortions of emotion, idealism, and literary convention. The

school of thought is a product of post-Darwinian biology in the

nineteenth century.

17.Sentimentalism感伤主义：It is a literal movement in the

middle of the 18th century in England which concentrates on the distressed of the poor unfortunate and virtuous

people and demonstrates that effusive emotion was evidence of

kindness and goodness.

18.Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation,

development, and education of a young person. Examples are

Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of

the Artist as a Young Man.

/doc/b03339706.html,ke poets 湖畔诗人

the three romantic poets who lived in the Lake District of