BRIGHT RUBY RESOURCES PTE LIMITED 铁矿石采购CFR Contrac合同
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新西兰海砂铁矿指标摘要:1.新西兰海砂铁矿概述2.新西兰海砂铁矿的指标特点3.我国对新西兰海砂铁矿的需求和应用4.新西兰海砂铁矿在我国的进口情况5.我国应对新西兰海砂铁矿资源的策略正文:近年来,新西兰海砂铁矿在全球矿产资源市场中备受关注。
作为一种具有高品位、环保优势的铁矿石,新西兰海砂铁矿在我国的应用越来越广泛。
本文将对新西兰海砂铁矿的概述、指标特点、我国的需求和应用、进口情况以及应对策略进行详细分析,以期为我国矿产资源进口和企业决策提供参考。
一、新西兰海砂铁矿概述新西兰海砂铁矿位于新西兰南岛,是全球著名的海砂铁矿产区。
与其他地区的铁矿石相比,新西兰海砂铁矿具有较高的品位和较低的杂质含量,被誉为“绿色铁矿石”。
此外,新西兰海砂铁矿的开采和加工过程中,环保措施得到充分重视,使得这种铁矿石在全球市场具有较高的竞争力。
二、新西兰海砂铁矿的指标特点1.品位高:新西兰海砂铁矿品位较高,一般分布在50%-65%之间,部分矿区甚至可达70%。
2.杂质含量低:新西兰海砂铁矿杂质含量较低,有利于钢铁企业的炼钢过程。
3.环保优势:新西兰在铁矿石开采和加工过程中,严格执行环保标准,降低了对环境的影响。
4.资源丰富:新西兰海砂铁矿储量较大,具有较高的开采价值。
三、我国对新西兰海砂铁矿的需求和应用随着我国钢铁产业的快速发展,对优质铁矿石的需求不断增加。
新西兰海砂铁矿的高品位和环保优势使其在我国市场受到欢迎。
我国钢铁企业可根据自身需求,灵活应用新西兰海砂铁矿,提高产品质量和降低生产成本。
四、新西兰海砂铁矿在我国的进口情况近年来,我国对新西兰海砂铁矿的进口量逐年增长。
新西兰海砂铁矿在我国铁矿石进口市场的占比逐渐提高,成为我国钢铁产业的重要原材料来源。
五、我国应对新西兰海砂铁矿资源的策略1.加强国际合作:我国应与新西兰政府和企业加强合作,确保稳定的铁矿石供应。
2.优化资源结构:鼓励我国钢铁企业加大对新西兰海砂铁矿的进口和应用,优化资源结构。
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北美地区最大铁矿石生产商将向中国出口北美地区最大的铁矿石生产商克利夫斯自然资源公司(CliffsNaturalResourcesInc)日前宣布即将与中国达成协议,从北美地区向中国出口铁矿石。
有评论人士认为,这笔交易将令全球铁矿石市场的局面产生变化。
与此同时,海关总署4月10日数据显示,中国前三个月进口铁矿石量1.77亿吨,创下了中国单季度铁矿石进口量新高。
不管三大铁矿石巨头的垄断地位能否被新来者打破,铁矿石金溶化的趋势好像难以转变,中国钢企需要为此做好预备。
巨头垄断遭到挑战《福布斯》报道说,北美地区最大的铁矿石生产商克利夫斯自然资源公司(CliffsNaturalResourcesInc)此前宣布即将与中国达成协议,从北美地区向中国出口铁矿石。
据分析,这笔交易将挑战澳大利亚必和必拓、力拓集团以及巴西淡水河谷公司在中国乃至亚洲铁矿石市场上的垄断地位。
据报道,克利夫斯自然资源公司是一家国际性矿业和自然资源公司,总部设在克利夫兰,是北美地区最大的铁矿石生产商和供应商,也是全球冶金用煤的主要生产商和供应商。
受此消息影响,克利夫斯自然资源公司股票价格当日大涨了5%,收报103美元/股。
在“新人”突起的同时,“老将”也在发生重要变化。
据报道,流传了多日的“CEO离职”疑云最终在4月5日得到证明——全球最大的铁矿石生产商巴西淡水河谷公司正式公布,公司控股股东已任命穆里洛费雷拉出任CEO,取代原来的执行长安乃利。
从2022年掌权至今,安乃利在CEO的座位上已经稳坐了将近10年。
此次人事变动对整个公司震惊不小。
有评论人士认为,长期以来,以必和必拓、力拓和淡水河谷公司为代表的三巨头垄断了全球75%以上的铁矿石贸易。
由于缺少有效竞争加上需求急剧增长,国际铁矿石价格在过去两年里几乎翻了一倍。
如今北美矿石生产商与我国接触,加之巨头之一大动作换帅,这些对备受业界关注的铁矿石价格谈判来说,将是一个变数。
矿石价格依旧走高铁矿石谈判的核心就是价格,铁矿石价格的连年走高让三巨头赚得盆满钵溢,却让中国钢企陷入被动局面。
中国海外矿业投资十大失败案例正文:一、加拿大巴芬岛Marry RIver铁矿遗憾被印度公司收购Marry RIver铁矿位于加拿大努纳武特地区,北纬72度,是产于古生代花岗片麻岩、杂砂岩、含铁硅质岩建造中的BIF型高品位、超大型铁矿。
经预可行性研究,露天采矿范围内有证实、概略储量3.65亿吨,推定资源量2200万吨,铁矿石品位67%。
设计的露天采矿范围外,还有推测、推定、确定资源量1.57亿吨,铁矿石品位64%。
矿体沿倾向走向均未封闭,NO.1-NO.4矿体与区内航磁异常完全吻合,该异常带达60千米。
预测资源总量达60亿吨。
运输航道也已测定完毕。
Marry River铁矿是全球尚未开发的最好铁矿。
国内一家以贸易为主的大型国有企业和该铁矿所有者巴芬岛铁矿公司开始谈判。
2009年春,在金融危机的打击下,巴芬岛铁矿公司在半年内,股价从3.6加元/股,骤降至0.2加元/股。
公司现金已无法维持勘查计划,且形势难以融资。
该公司当年需要3000万加元的现金。
资金量虽然不大,但大型国有企业仍然要履行一套复杂的投资决策程……而且大型国有企业,对初级勘查公司和处于勘查阶段的项目,即使拥有很大潜力也是犹豫的。
刘益康先生认为,境外矿业投资若要等矿床已经勘查结束了,基础设施没有问题了,采选技术基本过关了,价格合适了,这些世界级矿床也不属于观望犹豫者了。
后来的事实的确如此,经过几轮反复的敌意收购,2010年7月,该铁矿被印度米塔尔钢铁公司全部收购。
中国在这轮资源竞争中,由于短视再度成为看客。
二、老挝万象钾盐盆地一味求大,忽略成本估算老挝万象盆地为晚白垩世蒸发含钾盆地,盆地主体位于泰国境内,是泰国沙空那空盆地的北西沿,因此产出钾盐的稳定性较差,含光卤石的比例高。
钾盐层埋藏较浅,平均150米,厚16-100米。
云南地矿局在20世纪末就开始关注老挝的钾盐矿。
2001年7月,和老挝政府了《中国赴老挝进行万象盆地钾盐勘查开发协议》,从勘查做起。
美国主要球团矿生产商的具体情况如下:北海岸矿业公司北海岸矿业公司(Northshore Mining Company)是克利夫斯自然资源公司的全资子公司,成立于1990年(前身为成立于1955年的Reserve矿业公司,是北美第一家铁燧岩加工企业),雇员数638人。
该公司的矿山位于明尼苏达州Bab?鄄bitt的Mesabi铁矿带,加工厂位于明尼苏达州Silver Bay。
北海岸矿业公司生产磁铁矿,球团矿年产能600万吨。
皇家铁矿石合资公司和蒂尔登矿业公司皇家铁矿石合资公司(Empire Iron Mining Partnership)和蒂尔登矿业公司(Tilden Mining Co LC)的矿山和加工设施独立,但共用一个管理机构,均由克利夫兰-克利夫斯铁矿石公司(Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company)管理。
两家公司的矿山位于美国密歇根州上半岛Palmer的Marquette铁矿带,雇员数1598人。
皇家铁矿石合资公司由克利夫斯自然资源公司(79%)和安赛乐米塔尔美国公司(21%)共同持有,成立于1963年。
皇家铁矿石合资公司生产磁铁矿,球团矿年产能550万吨。
蒂尔登矿业公司由克利夫斯自然资源公司(85%)和美国钢铁加拿大公司(15%)共同持有,成立于1974年。
蒂尔登矿业公司生产磁铁矿和赤铁矿,球团矿年产能800万吨。
希宾铁燧岩公司希宾铁燧岩公司(Hibbing Taconite Co,简称HTC)由克利夫斯自然资源公司(23%)、安赛乐米塔尔美国公司(62.3%)和美国钢铁加拿大公司(14.7%)共同持有,成立于1976年,雇员数720人。
该公司的矿山位于明尼苏达州希宾市的Mesabi铁矿带。
HTC生产磁铁矿,球团矿年产能800万吨。
美国铁燧岩公司美国铁燧岩公司(United Taconite LLC)是克利夫斯自然资源公司的全资子公司,前身为成立于1965年的EVTAC矿业公司,雇员数502人。
背景介绍山东钢铁集团是一家拥有钢铁、贸易、矿业等多个产业的大型企业集团。
自2008年起,该公司开始在全球范围内开展海外投资,并先后投资建设了东非乌干达的索卡尔铁矿、西非塞拉利昂的泰坦铁矿等多个矿业项目。
其中,位于马里共和国境内的唐克里里铁矿,是该公司在非洲的重要项目之一。
唐克里里铁矿项目项目概况唐克里里铁矿位于马里共和国古拉马维河谷地带,是一座大型的综合性铁矿。
该矿石主要是露天开采,随后通过铁路和公路运输至加工厂进行选矿和磨粉处理,最终生产成高品质的铁矿粉和铁矿球。
该项目由山东钢铁集团投资建设,投资总额约为30亿美元。
项目运作情况该项目于2017年开始生产,目前已经进入稳定生产期。
其年产铁矿石量约为500万吨,其中大部分出口至中国和印度等亚洲地区。
项目运作期间,该公司采用了先进的装备和技术,提高了生产效率和产品质量,并为当地经济发展和就业创造了很大的贡献。
项目启示1.把握全球化机遇随着全球化的加速发展,越来越多的企业开始将目光瞄准外国市场。
海外投资可以帮助企业获取更广泛的资源和市场,提高竞争力和盈利能力。
山东钢铁集团在全球范围内进行海外投资,不仅拓展了业务规模和市场份额,还推进了中国企业的“走出去”战略。
2.整合内外部资源投资海外项目需要充分发挥内外部资源,整合各方优势,共同推动项目的建设和运营。
这包括与当地政府合作、与国际金融机构合作、与本土企业合作等。
山东钢铁集团在唐克里里铁矿项目中,与马里政府和当地企业进行了广泛合作,建立了良好的合作关系。
3.创新技术和管理模式要在竞争激烈的全球市场中获得竞争优势,企业需要不断创新技术和管理模式,提高产品质量和生产效率。
山东钢铁集团在唐克里里铁矿项目中,采用了许多先进的技术和管理模式,包括智能化设备、绿色环保工艺等。
这些技术和模式的应用,提高了生产效率和资源利用率,降低了能耗和污染排放。
唐克里里铁矿项目是山东钢铁集团在全球范围内海外投资的一个典型案例。
在全球化的背景下,越来越多的企业开始走向世界各地,寻找更广阔的市场和发展机遇。
1宝山钢铁股份有限公司Baoshan Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.2鞍钢集团国际经济贸易公司Angang Group International Trade Corporation3武钢集团国际经济贸易总公司International Economic and Trading Corporation, WISCO 4中国首钢国际贸易工程公司China Shougang International Trade & Engineering Corp. 5河北钢铁集团有限公司Hebei Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd.6中钢贸易有限公司Sinosteel Trading Co.,Ltd.7中国矿产有限责任公司China National Minerals Co.,Ltd.8中化国际(控股)股份有限公司Sinochem International Corporation9中信金属有限公司CITIC Metal Co., Ltd.10中建材集团进出口公司China National Building Materials and Equipment Import & Export Corporation11淡水河谷Vale International SA12力拓铁矿Rio Tinto Iron Ore Asia Pte.Ltd13必和必拓BHP Billiton Marketing AG – Singapore Branch14FMG Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.15俊安(天津)实业有限公司General Nice(Tianjin) Industry Co.,Ltd.16天津钢铁集团有限公司Tianjin Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd17江苏沙钢国际贸易有限公司Jiangsu Shagang International Trade Co.,Ltd.18厦门建发股份有限公司Xiamen C&D Inc.19日照兴业集团有限公司Rizhao Xingye Group Co.,Ltd.20宝矿国际贸易有限公司 B.M. International Trading Co., Ltd.21山东华信工贸有限公司Shandong Huaxin Industry Co.,Ltd.22江苏省对外经贸股份有限公司Jiangsu Provincial Foreign Trade Corporation23潍坊特钢集团有限公司Weifang Special Steel Group Co., Ltd.24杭州热联进出口股份有限公司Hangzhou Cogeneration Import & Export Co.,Ltd.25青岛新兴东方进出口有限责任公司Qingdao Xinxing Dongfang Import And Export Co., Ltd. 26丰立集团有限公司Fengli Group Co.,Ltd27唐山国丰钢铁有限公司Tangshan Guofeng Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd.28山东传洋集团有限公司Shandong Chuanyang Group Co.,Ltd.29山东石横特钢集团有限公司Shandong Shiheng Special Steel Group Co.,Ltd.30河北钢铁集团鑫达钢铁有限公司Hebei Iron&Steel Group, Xinda Iron&Steel Co.,Ltd31TL Resources Limited TL Resources Limited32山西明迈特实业贸易有限公司Shanxi Minmetals Industrial & Trading Co.,Ltd.33北京瑞钢联金属有限公司Beijing RGL Metal Co., Ltd34山东永锋钢铁国际贸易有限公司Shandong Yongfeng Steel International Trade Co.,Ltd. 35中天钢铁集团有限公司Zenith Steel Group Co.,Ltd.36南金兆集团有限公司Nanjinzhao Group Co.,Ltd.37厦门国贸集团股份有限公司Xiamen ITG Group Corp.,Ltd.38中铁物总进出口有限公司China Railway Materials Import and Export Co.,Ltd39上海宬隆进出口有限公司Shanghai Sinom Import & Export Co.,Ltd.40青岛世纪瑞丰集团有限公司Qingdao Century Lucky Group Co., Ltd.41青岛海悦钢铁有限公司Century Joyful Steel Co.,Ltd.42马鞍山钢铁股份有限公司Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.43天津齐锐澄国际贸易有限公司Tianjin Qiruicheng International Trade Co.,Ltd44山东九羊实业股份有限公司Shandong Jiuyang Industrial Stock Co., Ltd.45青岛宝松钢铁炉料有限公司Qingdao Baosong Resources Co.,Ltd.46天津蒂森克虏伯冶金产品贸易有限公司ThyssenKrupp Metallurgical Products Co.,Ltd. Tianjin47中铝金属贸易有限公司Chinalco Metals Trading Co.,Ltd.48山西新泰钢铁有限公司Shanxi Xintai Steel Co.,Ltd.北矿所会员单位(截至2月10日)49迁安市九江线材有限责任公司Qian An City JiuJiang Wire Co., Ltd.50三元国际资源有限公司Trinity International Resources Company Limited51上海霄龙钢板有限公司Shanghai Xiao Long Steel Co., Ltd.52通化钢铁集团进出口有限公司Tonghua Iron & Steel Group Imp. & Exp. Co.,Ltd.53沈阳东方钢铁有限公司Shenyang Orient Iron and Steel Co., Ltd54唐山市福翼物资有限公司Tangshan Fuyi Raw Material Co.,Ltd.55日晷国际(香港)贸易有限公司Sundial Inernational Trading Co.,Ltd56淄博张钢制铁铸管有限公司Zibo Zhanggang Iron Pipes Co.,Ltd.57中建投(北京)矿业有限公司China Building Investment (Beijing) Mining Co.,Ltd 58天津丽通能源发展有限公司Tiajin Litong Energy Development Co.,Ltd.59中储发展股份有限公司CMST DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.60河北新金钢铁有限公司Hebei Xinjin lron & Steel Co.,Ltd61天津冶金轧一国际贸易有限公司Tianjin Metallurgical No.1 Internarional Trade Co. 62上海美匡国际贸易有限公司Shanghai Icosteel Inc.63中冶纸业贸易有限公司MCC Paper Trading Co.,Ltd64企荣贸易有限公司(香港公司)Cheerglory Traders Limited65辛集市澳森钢铁有限公司Xinji Aosen Steel Co., Ltd.66联峰钢铁(张家港)有限公司LIANFENG STEEL(ZHANGJIAGANG)CO.,LTD.67唐山市半壁店钢铁有限公司Tangshan Banbidian Iron and Steel Co., Ltd.68华菱香港国际贸易有限公司Valin Hongkong International Trade Co.,Limited69湖南华菱钢铁股份有限公司Hunan Valin Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.70山东钢铁集团有限公司Shandong Iron & Steel Group Co.,Ltd.71南京钢铁集团国际经济贸易有限公司Nanjing Iron and Steel Group International Trade Corporation72荣达钢铁有限公司Leader Steel SDN. BHD.73昌盛物料澳门离岸商业服务有限公司Prosperity Materials Macao Commercial Offshore Limited 74新余钢铁股份有限公司Xinyu Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.75芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司Wuhu Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co.,Ltd.76广东韶钢松山股份有限公司SGIS Songshan Co.,Ltd.77天津冶金轧一钢铁贸易有限公司Tianjin Metallurgy Rolling A Steel Trade Co., Ltd.78瑞丰资源(香港)有限公司Lucky Resources (HK) Limited79中信澳大利亚贸易公司CITIC Australia Commodity Trading PTY LTD80广东物资集团公司Guangdong Materials Group Corporation81浙江省冶金物资有限公司Zhejiang Metallurgical Materials Co.,Ltd.82天津开发区天恒工贸有限公司Tianjin TEDA Tianheng Industry & Trade Co.,Ltd.83大陆矿业有限公司Continental Minerals Company Limited84天津市国安商贸有限公司Tianjin Guoan Trading Ltd.85安钢集团国际贸易有限责任公司Anyang Steel International Trading Co.,Ltd.86山东莱钢国际贸易有限公司Shandong Laiwu Steel International Corp.87山西立恒钢铁股份有限公司Shanxi Liheng Steel Co., Ltd88冷水江钢铁有限责任公司Lengshuijiang Iron & Steel Co.,Ltd.89BRIGHT RUBY RESOURCES PTE.LIMITED BRIGHT RUBY RESOURCES PTE.LIMITED90新华联合冶金控股集团有限公司Sinogiant Steel Holdings Group Limited91青岛钢铁进出口公司QINGDAO IRON AND STEEL IMP. & EXP. CORP.92天津滨海港湾集团有限公司Tianjin Binhai Harbour Port Group Co.,Ltd.93三甲融泰贸易发展有限公司Rontac Trading Development Co., Ltd.94河北钢铁集团荣信钢铁有限公司Hebei Iron & Steel Group Rongxin Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. 95日照奥博工贸有限公司Rizhao AoBo Industrial Trading Co., Ltd.96中信泰富特钢有限公司CITIC Pacific Special Steel Holdings97甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司Gansu Jiu Steel Group Hongxing Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. 98无锡市雪浪冶金炉料贸易有限公司Xue Lang(WuXi)Furnace Charge Trading Co., Ltd.99开滦(香港)国际有限公司Kailuan (HK) International Co., Ltd.100晋城福盛钢铁有限公司Jincheng Fusheng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.101浙江物产金属集团有限公司Zhejiang Metals and Materials Co.102宁波萍钢贸易有限公司Pingxiang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. Ningbo Trading Branch 103唐山瑞丰钢铁(集团)有限公司Tangshan Ruifeng Steel and Iron (Group) Co., Ltd.104秦皇岛太行贸易有限公司Qinhuangdao Tyhoon Trading Co.,Ltd.105北京都域行贸易有限公司Beijing Dukeland Trading Company Ltd.106永通兴业发展有限公司Winstone Development Limited107罗伊山铁矿有限公司Roy Hill Holdings PTY LTD108河北津西钢铁集团股份有限公司Hebei Jinxi Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd.109北京中铁物贸矿产有限公司CREC Material Co., Ltd.110唐山港陆钢铁有限公司Tangshan Ganglu Iron & Steel Co., Ltd.111河北钢铁集团金鼎重工股份有限公司Hebei Iron & Steel Group Jinding Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.112临沂江鑫钢铁有限公司Linyi Jiangxin Steel Co., Ltd.113天津物产能源资源发展有限公司Tianjin Products & Energy Resources Development Co.,Ltd.114Rock Resource Limited Rock Resource Limited115 D.T. Resource Limited D.T. Resource Limited116云南德邦行实业有限公司Yunnan Depond Resources Co., Ltd.117Noble Resources InternationalPte. Ltd.Noble Resources International Pte. Ltd.118山东广富集团有限公司Shandong Guangfu Group CO., LTD.119河北钢铁集团松汀钢铁有限公司Hebei Iron & Steel Group Songting Iron&Steel CO., LTD. 120山东卓越汇通能源有限公司Shandong Excellence Huitong Energy Co., Ltd.121宁波杭锅江南国际贸易有限公司Ningbo Hangguo Jiangnan International Trading Co., Ltd. 122唐山百工实业发展有限公司Tangshan Universal Industrial Development Co., Ltd.123山东万宝贸易有限公司Shandong Wanbao Trading Co., Ltd124世联资源有限公司Worldlink Resources Limited125山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司Shandong Laigang Yongfeng Steel Corp.126荣发(香港)投资有限公司Royal Advance(H.K.)Investment Limited127新兴重工集团有限公司Xinxing Heavy Industries Group Co., Ltd.128天津建龙钢铁实业有限公司Tianjin Jianlong Iron & Steel Industrial Co., Ltd.129宝通资源香港有限公司Baotong Resources (HK) Limited130浙江物产国际贸易有限公司Zhejiang Materials Industry International Co., Ltd.131PT Resources PTY LTD PT Resources PTY LTD132日照中瑞物产有限公司Rizhao Zhongrui Native Produce Co., Ltd.133河北纵横钢铁集团有限公司Hebei Zong Heng Iron & Steel Group Co., Ltd.134天津海天新铁国际贸易有限公司Tianjin Hitenest International Trade Co., Ltd.135拓思国际有限公司Top Seed International Limited136山西阳煤中瑞能源有限公司Shanxi Yangmei Zhongrui Energy Co., Ltd.137钧懋国际贸易(上海)有限公司Junmao International Trading (Shanghai) CO., Ltd.138ARIA International GmbH ARIA International GmbH139山东泰山钢铁集团有限公司Shandong Taishan Steel Group Co., Ltd.140营口天盛重工装备有限公司Yingkou Tiansheng Heavy Industry Equipment Co., Ltd. 141和信资源有限公司HARMONIOUS HONOR RESOURCES LIMITED142万邦资源(中国)有限公司IMC RESOURCES (CHINA) LIMITED143天津滨海海通物流有限公司Tianjin Binhai Haitong Logistics Co., LTD.144深圳市满孚实业有限公司SHENZHEN FULL WINNER INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.145海鑫钢铁集团有限公司Highsee Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd.146青岛海光国际贸易有限公司Qingdao Hai Guang International Trading Co., Ltd.147新源商品有限公司NOVO COMMODITIES LIMITED148江苏苏钢集团有限公司JIANGSU SUZHOU STEEL GROUP CO., LTD.149上海昶舜实业有限公司CHANG-SUN ENTERPRISE CO., LTD.150宝钢资源有限公司Baosteel Resources Co., Ltd.151天津开发区琦晟矿产进出口贸易有限公司TEDA QISHENG MINERAL PRODUCTS IMP. & EXP. TRADING CO., LTD.152方大特钢科技股份有限公司Fang Da Special Steel Technology Co., Ltd.153包钢集团国际经济贸易有限公司BAOTOU STEEL INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC AND TRADING CO., LTD 154新兴铸管股份有限公司Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd.155中化国际(新加坡)有限公司SINOCHEM INTERNATIONAL (OVERSEAS) PTE LTD156嘉吉国际贸易私人有限公司Cargill International Trading Pte Ltd157河北普阳钢铁有限公司Hebei Puyang Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.158上海利芝隆进出口有限公司SHANGHAI LIZHILONG IMPORT AND EXPORT CO., LTD.159常州东方特钢有限公司Changzhou Dongfang Special Steel Company Ltd.160圣仑资源有限公司SHENGLONG RESOURCES COMPANY LIMITED161河北钢铁集团龙海钢铁有限公司HEBEI IRON AND STEEL GROUP LONGHAI CO., LTD.162宁波尚元国际贸易有限公司Ningbo Shining International Trading Co., Ltd.163港富贸易有限公司Concord Fortune Trading Limited164江苏省华贸进出口有限公司Jiangsu Huamao Import And Export Co., Ltd165河南亚新钢铁集团有限公司Henan YaXin Iron and Steel Group Co., LTD.166江苏申特钢铁有限公司Jiangsu Prosperity Steel Co., Ltd.167安徽省环太金属矿产进出口有限公司Anhui Uni-pacific Metal And Minerals Import And Export Co., Limited168宁波百丰选矿有限公司Ningbo Baifeng Pellet Feed Plant Ltd169泛亚矿产有限公司Pacific Minerals Limited170BST (HK) LTD.BST (HK) LTD.171南阳汉冶特钢有限公司Nanyang Hanye Special Steel Co.,Ltd.172宁波市恒厚实业有限公司Ningbo Henghou Industries Co. Ltd.173新疆八钢国际贸易股份有限公司Xinjiang Bayi Steel International Trade Co., Ltd. 174Minmetals Australia Pty Ltd Minmetals Australia Pty Ltd175河北钢铁集团敬业钢铁有限公司Hebei Iron & Steel Group Jingye Iron Steel Co., Ltd 176山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司SHANXI TAIGANG STAINLESS Co., Ltd177本钢集团国际经济贸易有限公司Benxi Iron & Steel (Group) International Economic And Trading Co.,Ltd.178中钢集团辽宁有限公司Sinosteel Liaoning Co.,Ltd179重庆钢铁股份有限公司Chong Qing Iron & Steel Company Limited180河南昌泰不锈钢板股份有限公司Henan ChangTai Stainless Steel Plate Co., Ltd 181丸红株式会社Marubeni Corporation182唐山嘉禾伟业商贸有限公司Tangshan Jiahe WeiYe Industry Trade Co.Ltd. 183广西盛隆冶金有限公司Guangxi Shenglong Metallurgy Co., Ltd.184ATLAS IRON LIMITED ATLAS IRON LIMITED185浙商控股集团有限公司Zheshang Holdings Group Co., Ltd.186北京华天禹龙国际钢铁贸易有限责任公司Longmen-Iron&Steel Beijing International Trading Co., Ltd.187中钢国际控股有限公司SINOSTEEL INTERNATIONAL HOLDING COMPANY LTD188青岛建邦国际贸易有限公司Jianbang International Trade Co.,Ltd189Mercuria Energy Trading Pte. Ltd.Mercuria Energy Trading Pte. Ltd.190日照钢铁控股集团有限公司Rizhao Steel Holding Group Co.,Ltd191青岛陆洋兴达国际贸易有限公司Qingdao Luyang International Trading and ShippingCo.,Ltd192青岛市元惠矿产有限公司Qingdao Yuanhui Minerals Co.,Ltd193武安市裕华钢铁有限公司Wuan Yuhua Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd194唐山东海钢铁集团特钢有限公司Tangshan Donghai Iron and Steel(Group) Special Steel Co.,Ltd195国创资源有限公司GC RESOURCES Co.,LIMITED196常熟市龙腾特种钢铁有限公司Changshu Longteng Special Steel Co.,Ltd 197亚商海运有限公司Asia Commodities And Shipping Limited198济南庚辰钢铁有限公司Jinnan Gengchen Steel&Iron Co.,Ltd199天津紫旭国际投资有限公司Tianjin Zixu Investments International Ltd200鑫诚有限公司CHINA HUA DONG CORP LIMITED201华洋工贸有限公司HUAYANG INDUSTRY AND TRADING LIMITED202唐山东华钢铁企业集团有限公司Tangshan Donghua lron & steel Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. 203安徽泽华钢铁材料有限公司Zehua Steel Materials Co., Ltd.204唐山市双美冶金材料股份有限公司Tangshan Shuangmei Metallurgy Materials Jointstock Co., Ltd.205宁波钢铁有限公司Ningbo Iron And Steel Co. Ltd.206河北新武安钢铁集团有限公司HEBEI SINWUAN STEEL GROUP CO., LTD.207山东海易国际贸易有限公司Shandong Haiyi International Trade Co.,Ltd. 208华瑞国际贸易有限公司Focus Trading Company Limited209济钢集团国际贸易有限责任公司Jinan Steel International Trade CO,.LTD. 210宝钢不锈钢有限公司BAOSTEEL STAINLESS STEEL CO,.LTD.211厦门市信达安贸有限公司Xiamen Xindaan Trade Co.,Ltd212厦门信达股份有限公司Xiamen Xindeco Ltd.213澳大利亚瑞玛发展有限公司Rich Mark Development(Group)Pty.Ltd.214LIANFENG INTERNATIONAL PTE.,LTD LIANFENG INTERNATIONAL PTE.,LTD215山东兴盛矿业有限责任公司Shandong Ishine Mining Industry CO.,LTD216苏美达国际技术贸易有限公司Sumec International Technology Co.,Ltd217TRAFIGURA PTE LTD TRAFIGURA PTE LTD218London Commodity Brokers Ltd London Commodity Brokers Ltd219日照万洲国际贸易有限公司Rizhao Wanzhou International Trade Co.,Ltd 220上海鼎仕经贸有限公司SHANGHAI TOP-SHINE TRADING CO,. LTD221SWISS SINGAPORE OVERSEASENTREPRISES PTE LTDSWISS SINGAPORE OVERSEAS ENTREPRISES PTE LTD222香港红马有限公司RED HORSE RESOURCES(H.K.) LIMITED223北京荣信恒厚钢铁有限公司北京荣信恒厚钢铁有限公司224河北天柱钢铁集团有限公司Hebei Tianzhu Iron & Steel (Group) Co., Ltd.225卓群国际贸易有限公司Standard International Trading Ltd.226香港邳逊氏有限公司Psons Limited227燕钢恒兴(香港)钢铁有限公司YE-STEEL TRADING CO LIMITED228江苏正方源国际贸易有限公司JiangSu ZhengFangYuan International Trade Co.,Ltd 229河北港湾贸易有限公司230唐山市万航商贸有限公司231河北冀中唐能贸易有限公司232唐山市丰南区东煜商贸有限公司233山东德诺国际贸易有限公司234Castleton Commodities MerchantAsia Co. Pte. Ltd.Castleton Commodities Merchant Asia Co. Pte. Ltd.235伟山国际有限公司Greathill International Limited 236Caravel Metallurgical Limited Caravel Metallurgical Limited237HONGKONG XINTECH INVESTMENT ANDTRADING CO.,LTDHONGKONG XINTECH INVESTMENT AND TRADING CO.,LTD。
海外矿业资源并购的思考分析□《矿业装备》金融危机来势汹汹,世界各国的日子都不好过,随之而来的经济衰退使得矿产资源价格大幅跳水,许多传统的跨国矿产资源巨头损失惨重,此时也只能“勒紧裤腰带”节俭过冬。
但是全球矿业权和矿山企业价值迅速下降,却成为中国有实力企业眼中海外并购的良机。
目前,中国市场已成为世界经济发展的一个重要发动机,矿业企业海外并购显然是一个大趋势。
然而,“胆大”就能成功的“走出去”吗?回顾我国矿业企业“走出去”的步伐,有辉煌,更有血泪,海外并购之路充满坎坷。
不惜代价、不计成本的“抄底”有害无益。
海外并购应立足长远,慎重行事,只有这样中国矿业企业才能在全球矿业市场的大洗牌中取得主动权。
衷心希望我国矿业企业认清自我,周密科学地制定并购战略,依托“走出去”战略平台,高水平参与国际分工合作,对提升中国矿企在全球价值链中的地位、实现资源优化配置发挥更好的先导作用,在“走出去”的道路上走得更稳。
矿业企业海外并购的发展历程萌芽阶段(1983-1993)1908年代,全球正处于第四次并购浪潮阶段,那时我国国内资源型产品还处于自给自足状态,并没有认识到以并购方式获取海外矿产资源的意义,矿业企业海外并购案例也是凤毛麟角,如1987年,中国冶金进出口公司与澳大利亚Hamersley铁矿公司达成合营铁矿的协议;中国国际信托投资公司收购澳大利亚波特兰铝厂10%的权益。
这一时期,因为企业自身实力的局限及市场、政策等宏观经济条件不成熟,基本上属于并购的数量极少,规模很小。
并购的资源领域主要为能源矿产,鲜有金属矿产领域。
参与并购的企业主要为中石化、中石油及少数几家大型资源型企业。
典型案例:1992年,首都钢铁公司斥资1.18亿美元收购了濒临破产的秘鲁铁矿,组建了首钢秘鲁铁矿股份有限公司。
首钢秘鲁公司成为秘鲁唯一一家铁矿石生产企业,但之后并未享受到当地“唯一”的特殊待遇。
起步阶段(1994-2000)从1990年代开始,我国国内的能源供给情况开始发生变化,而且国家改变了以往自给自足的战略发展思路。
N.Quinn。
就目前所了解到的讯息,特诺方面仍在努力寻求FTC的批准,他们还试图促进FTC与科斯特以及俄亥俄工厂的潜在买家英力士集团(INEOS)做面对面接触。
迄今为止,特诺公司的收购计划已经取得了欧盟、澳大利亚、中国、新西兰、土耳其、韩国、哥伦比亚和沙特阿拉伯8家市场监管机构的许可。
事实证明,取得FTC的许可证是至关重要的一步,任重而道远。
如果针对科斯特的收购成功,特诺将在全球8个国家经营总计11家钛白工厂,总产能高达133万t/a。
贾磊译自Stamford Advocate.2018-12-11食品级磷酸盐未来市场概况(2018—2024年)日前,市场调查公司Global Market Insights公布了一份食品级磷酸盐市场调查报告。
报告显示,到2024年时,食品级磷酸盐的市场总额将超过24亿美元,增长率达到6%。
来自乳制品、面包、饮料和肉类加工行业的强劲需求不断推动该市场规模的增长,背后则是消费者对健康膳食意识的加强等因素起到了促进作用。
截至2024年,投入肉类和海鲜市场的磷酸盐销售额可能超过10亿美元。
为了满足餐饮加工业对储存、保鲜、保湿等品质标准的需求,相关磷酸盐食品添加剂新品得到开发,从而带动了市场的成长。
食品级磷酸钾盐市场份额到2024年将增长3.5%以上,作为添加剂它可广泛用于软饮料、肉类加工和鱼类罐头中。
针对磷酸盐的价格,报告认为来自肥料、饲料行业的需求可能造成市场供求紧张,进而影响食品级磷酸盐市场的价格走势。
作为欧洲最大的餐饮加工国之一的德国,到2024年面向肉类加工的磷酸盐市场份额将超过5500万美元。
印度对食品级磷酸盐的需求主要来自乳制品行业,这一部分的市场份额将在2024年提升4%以上。
磷酸盐用于奶酪制造中,可防止黄油与蛋白质分离,并调节奶酪达到适宜的黏度。
到2024年,中国钠基食品级磷酸盐市场规模将呈稳步增长态势,届时市场份额将超过1亿美元。
食品级磷酸钠盐可作为增稠剂和膨松剂用于烘焙食品中,同时还可用于控制加工食品的pH。
你必须了解的全球15大铁矿石品种及其特点1、PB粉、块(Pb Fines/Pb Lumps):产于澳大利亚,又称皮尔巴拉混合矿(力拓公司经营),粉的品位在61。
5%左右,部分褐铁矿,烧结性能较好;块的品位在62。
5%左右,属褐铁矿,还原性好,热强度一般。
PB粉和块可由汤姆普赖斯矿、帕拉布杜矿、马兰杜矿、布鲁克曼矿、那牟迪矿和西安吉拉斯矿等矿山的粉矿混匀成.2、杨迪粉(Yandi Fines):产于澳大利亚(必和必拓公司经营),品位在58%左右,铝含量低,属褐铁矿,结晶水较高,混合制料所需水分要求较高,因其结构疏松,烧结同化性和反应性较好,因此可部分替代纽曼山粉矿或巴西粉矿。
含相对低的Al2O3,而且这两种矿粉都比哈默斯利矿粉粗,它们都有合理的冶炼性能,但烧结性能不佳.3、麦克粉(Mac Fines):MAC粉的正常品位在61.5%左右,目前供给中国市场多为58%左右的品位,部分属褐铁矿,烧结性能较好,含有5%左右的结晶水,炼铁时烧损较高,随其配比加大,烧结矿的烧成率逐步下降。
经钢厂研究,MAC粉配比在15%—20%时烧结矿小于5mm级水平较低,配比为20%的烧结成品率最高。
4、纽曼粉、块矿(Newman Fines/Newman Lumps):产于澳大利亚的东皮尔巴拉的纽曼镇的纽曼山矿,属赤铁矿,烧结性能较好,粉的品位在62。
5%左右,块的品位在65%左右,由澳大利亚西澳州必和必拓公司生产.5、罗布河粉、块(Robe River Fines/Robe River Lumps):产于澳大利亚的罗布河铁矿联合公司;品位在57。
5%左右,含3%—5%的复合水,这会导致高燃料率及低生产率;属于褐铁矿,烧结性能不好,但其烧结矿的冶炼性能很好。
6、火箭粉:又称FMG(福蒂斯丘金属集团(Fortescue metal Group (FMG)))粉,由澳大利亚第三大铁矿石生产商FMG公司生产;据说用作火箭发动机燃料的一种成分,故称火箭粉,其品位在58.5%左右,硅4左右,铝1.5左右,属于褐铁矿,烧结性能较好,储量大且单烧品位高,结晶水在8%左右.FMG粉矿化学成分优于扬迪粉,但烧结性能和造球性能不如扬迪粉。
非洲铁矿石,能替代澳洲吗?共2181字|预计阅读时长4分钟#1中国依靠非洲铁矿石,逐渐降低对澳大利亚铁矿石的依赖这个战略布局最近又走出了坚实的一步。
这一步就是中企接近于控制横跨喀麦隆和刚果两国交界处的姆巴拉姆-纳贝巴(Mbalam-Nabeba)铁矿项目。
姆巴拉姆-纳贝巴铁矿位于喀、刚两国边境,其中姆巴拉姆位于喀麦隆,纳贝巴位于刚果境内。
根据2015年勘探报告,该铁矿蕴藏量预计56.4亿吨,其中8.05亿吨为高品位铁矿,是世界级大型优质露天铁矿。
澳洲圣丹斯Sndance公司在2012年和2014年分别和喀麦隆和刚果政府签约开采这两处铁矿。
按协议sundance公司计划投资87亿澳元,用于矿山开发、新建一条510公里的铁路和一座码头。
计划分两期开采,一期年开采4,000万吨铁矿石,开采年限12年。
二期每年生产3,500万吨高品位铁矿,开采年限15年。
两处铁矿都计划销往中国。
然而Sundance公司实力不济,多年来项目进展缓慢。
Sundance 公司曾向澳洲奥西诺AustSion公司提出合作开发的协议,合作的条件是:奥西诺注资一亿澳元,同时邀请一系列中国公司参与矿山,铁路和港口的建设。
AustSion 是一家澳洲公司但其多名董事与多家中国公司关系紧密。
但圣丹斯和奥西诺这两家澳洲公司长期谈不拢,随着谈判的破裂,两家公司都在去年12月从澳大利亚证券交易所退市。
刚果和喀麦隆两国政府对澳洲圣丹斯公司长期的停滞不前很不满。
刚果在2020年11月30日宣布收回澳洲圣丹斯(Sundance Resources)、赤道资源公司(Equatorial Resources)以及英国Avima公司的采矿许可。
刚果政府把开采权转交给一家名为“桑加矿业(Sangha Mining Development Sasu)的刚果公司, 后来这家公司被证实是由香港登记的Bestway Finance 金融公司控制的一家实体企业。
2021年5月,喀麦隆矿产、工业和技术开发部长(Ndoke Gabriel)宣布将和中国冶金、中铁建、深圳盐田港、宝武集团、上海青山集团等五家企业合作开发境内铁矿项目。
案例澳大利亚波特兰铝厂项目澳大利亚波特兰铝厂是目前世界上规模最大、技术最先进的电解铝厂之—,固定资产投资总成本为11.5亿澳元(折合大约8.6亿美元)。
波特兰铝厂采用的是非公司型合资结构,项目的投资者分别为美国铝业公司在澳大利亚的子公司(美铝澳大利亚公司),澳大利亚维多利亚州政府(维州政府),中信公司直属地区性子公司中信澳大利亚有限公司(中信澳大利亚公司),澳大利亚第一国民资源信托基金(第一国民信托)和日本丸红商社在澳大利亚的子公司丸红铝业澳大利亚公司。
根据合资协议,每个投资者在项目中分别投入相应的资金,用作为项目固定资产的投入和再投入,以及支付项目管理公司的生产费用和管理费用;对于电解铝生产的两种主要原材料——氧化铝和电力供应,每个投资者需要独立安排;最后,投资者将从项目中获得相应份额的最终产品——电解铝锭,独立地在市场上销售(见图3—8)。
由于采用了非公司型合资结构,每个投资者可以根据自身在项目中所处的地位、资金实力、税务结构等多方面因素灵活地安排融资,实际上5个投资者选择了相互完全不同的融资方式。
美铝澳大利亚公司在澳大利亚拥有三个氧化铝厂和两个电解铝厂,资金雄厚,技术先进,在波特兰铝厂项目中担任项目经理。
美铝澳大利亚公司在项目中的投资采用的是传统的公司融资方式,因为以其实力使用公司融资可以获得较低的贷款成本。
维州政府为了鼓励当地工业的发展和刺激就业也在项目中投资,投资资金由政府担保的100%融资;但是维州政府并不直接拥有项目的资产,而是以一个100%拥有的信托基金作为中介机构。
这样的结构为维州政府提供了一种资金安排上的灵活性,可以在适当的时机将项目资产出售或者将信托基金在股票市场上市,从中获得的资金用于偿还政府担保的银团贷款。
中信澳大利亚公司投资波特兰铝厂采用的是100%的项目融资。
由于波特兰铝厂是中信澳大利亚公司的第一个投资项目,项目前期的税务好处无法有效地加以利用,因此采用的融资模式是有限追索杠杆租赁的项目融资,以杠杆租赁的方式将项目的税务好处转让给由澳大利亚几家主要银行组成的合伙制结构,从而换取成本较低的资金安排。
序号企业名称国家/地区
1福建省福州市黄浦区佳驰贸易有限公司日本2南宁市南湖贸易有限公司马来西亚
3深圳市老博文进出口有限公司韩国
4东莞市凯普乐玛矿业有限公司新加坡
5江苏省苏州市嘉悦国际贸易有限公司瑞士
6潮州市穗莱贸易有限公司德国
7中山市桃源景金属有限公司加拿大
8惠州市邦拓金属有限公司俄罗斯
9湛江市金威矿业有限公司西班牙
10永州市海龙行业有限公司爱尔兰
11江门市扬威金属有限公司波兰
12佛山市鹏程物资有限公司意大利
13汕头市捷翔控股有限公司比利时
14梅州市吉之翼金属有限公司荷兰
15汕尾市蓝鹭投资有限公司丹麦
16广州市万洪投资有限公司冰岛
17江西省九江市兴城机电有限公司瑞典
18清远市西源贸易有限公司匈牙利
19韶关市美智技术有限公司爱沙尼亚20揭阳市百业国际有限公司拉脱维亚21汕头市锦华钢技有限公司法国
22深圳市瑞鼎矿业有限公司捷克
23广东省湛江市宏丰投资有限公司波黑24广州市轩铁机电有。
新西兰;1纽蒙特矿业公司(Newmont矿业)是加拿大为主的多元化基本金属公司。
它的业务遍布葡萄牙,瑞典,西班牙和爱尔兰,生产矿物质,如铜,锌,铅和镍。
公司性质包括葡萄牙内维斯-Corvo矿,在瑞典Zinkgruvan,在西班牙Aguablanca,和在刚果的Tenke Fungurume。
纽蒙特矿业公司总部设在加拿大安大略省。
Newmont Mining Corporation (Newmont Mining)is a Canada based diversified base metals company. It operates across Portugal, Sweden, Spain and Ireland and produces minerals such as copper, zinc, lead and nickel. The company properties include Neves-Corvo in Portugal, Zinkgruvan in Sweden, Aguablanca in Spain, and Tenke Fungurume in Congo. Newmont Mining is headquartered in Ontario, Canada.2 Alloy Resources Ltd.资源有限公司(“合金”)是一个动态和品质勘探项目结合起来,形成一个独特的公司的融合。
合金是基于澳大利亚的矿业和勘探公司,其目前的工作重点是为大型铜金矿在老挝人民民主共和国(“老挝”),在西澳大利亚的黄金矿床的勘探。
Resources Limited ('Alloy') is a blend of dynamic people and quality exploration projects that combine to form a unique company. Alloy is an Australian based mining and exploration company whose current focus is exploration for large copper-gold deposits in the Lao PDR ("Laos") and gold in Western Australia.3 Aurora Minerals Ltd极光矿产有限公司从事矿产勘探在西澳大利亚和新西兰。
新西兰海砂铁矿指标
(原创版)
目录
1.新西兰海砂铁矿简介
2.新西兰海砂铁矿的指标
3.新西兰海砂铁矿的开采和利用
4.新西兰海砂铁矿的前景和挑战
正文
新西兰海砂铁矿是一种富含铁的砂矿,主要分布在新西兰的北岛和南岛地区。
这种矿产资源具有很高的经济价值,是全球铁矿石市场的重要组成部分。
新西兰海砂铁矿的指标主要包括铁含量、硅含量、铝含量、钛含量等。
其中,铁含量是衡量海砂铁矿质量的重要指标。
一般来说,铁含量越高,矿产的经济价值就越大。
新西兰海砂铁矿的铁含量一般在 50% 以上,最
高可达 60% 以上。
新西兰海砂铁矿的开采和利用已经持续了很长时间。
目前,新西兰海砂铁矿的主要开采方式是露天开采和地下开采。
开采出来的海砂铁矿经过筛选、破碎、研磨等工艺处理后,可以制成铁精粉,用于钢铁生产。
新西兰海砂铁矿的前景非常广阔。
一方面,全球铁矿石需求量在不断增加,新西兰海砂铁矿的开采和利用可以为全球钢铁产业提供更多的原料。
另一方面,新西兰政府正在积极推动海砂铁矿的开发,为新西兰经济发展注入新的活力。
然而,新西兰海砂铁矿的开采和利用也面临着一些挑战。
首先,海砂铁矿的开采对环境有一定的影响,需要采取有效的环保措施。
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CONTRACT FOR SALE AND PURCHASE OF ******* IRON ORESbetweenXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXandDated:CONTRACT FOR SALE AND PURCHASE OFINDIAN IRON ORE FINESContract No.:xxxxxxxxThis Contract is made on*****, 2012by and between ***********(hereinafter called "Seller") and Bright Ruby Resources Pte limited (hereinafter called "Buyer"), whereby Seller agrees to sell to Buyer and Buyer agrees to buy from Seller Iron Ores on the following terms and conditions.Article 1. DEFINITION:In this Contract the following terms shall, unless, otherwise context requires, have the following meanings:(1)"Metric ton" means one thousand (1,000) kilograms.(2)―Wet metric ton‖ or ―WMT‖ means a metric ton determined on wet basis. ―Dry metric ton‖ or―DMT‖ means a metric ton of Ore on dry basis. ―Wet basis‖ or ―Natural wet basis‖ refers to fines in natural wet state. "Dry basis" refers to Fines dried at 105 degrees centigrade.(3)"Dollar(s)" or the sign "$" and "Cent(s)" or the sign "¢" respectively mean dollars and cents in thefreely transferable lawful currency of the United States of America.(4)―Iron Ore Fines‖ or ―Ore‖ mean the processed iron ore Fines.Article 2. COMMODITY:****** Iron Ore FinesCountry of Origin: *******Packing: In bulkPartial Shipment: Not AllowedCombines shipment: Not allowedTransshipment: Not AllowedArticle 4. SHIPMENT PERIOD:Laycan:Latest date of shipment: *******Article 5. LOADING AND DISCHARGING PORT:Loading Port :****************Discharging Port :**********port, P.R.China (or any main Chinese port at buyer’s option)(The final discharging port shall be declared by Buyer upon the vessel passes the Singapore, or within 5 working days after the date of vessel sail out from loading port.)Article 6. GUARANTEED SPECIFICATIONS:(1) Chemical Composition: (on the dry basis)Iron (Fe) 58.00% basis/ 57minimumBelow 57.00% RejectionAlumina (Al2O3) *.00% maximumSilica (SiO2) *.00% maximumSulphur (S) 0.0*% maximumPhosphorus (P) 0.0*% maximum(2)Free Moisture Loss at 105゜Centigrade: 10.0% maximum(3)Physical Composition: (on natural basis)0mm — 10mm **% minimumOversize +10mm **% maximumUndersize -0.15mm **% maximumArticle 7. BASE PRICE:USD**** PDMT CFR FO *****, P.R.CHINA, BASED ON 58% FE ON THE DRY BASIS IN RESPECT OF FINES, FRACTION PRO RATA, and adjusted if applicable under article 8 below(Such price already includes the taxes and duties levied in country of origin, if any subsequent tax/duties increase levied, it shall be borne by the Seller itself)Article 8. PRICE ADJUSTMENT:A)FE contentIn respect of the shipment of iron Ore which does not meet the FE specification set forth in Article 6, the base price referred to in Article 7 shall be adjusted in accordance with FE content as determined pursuant to the provision of Article 10 as follows:1)If Fe above 58.00%, the base price shall be increased by US$2.50per DMT for each 1% of Fe,fraction pro rata.2)If Fe below 58.00%, down to and including 57%, the base price shall be decreased byUS$4.00per DMT for each 1% of Fe, fraction pro rata.3)If Fe content is below 57%, the price adjustment as mentioned above in this Article is notapplicable. Instead, in this case, the Buyer is entitled to reject the Ore if FE content is below 57% either basis loading port analysis arranged by Seller or Buyer’s loading port analysis at loading port or CIQ certificate arranged by Buyer at discharging port. Without prejudice to Buyer’s rights of reject the cargo, both parties shall discuss and negotiate a new price in amicable manner to settle this off-spec cargo. If no price agreement can be reached within 5 working days upon the date of CIQ certificate is provided by Buyer to Seller, then Buyer’s right of rejection shall be exercised in such manner:a)Within 10 working days upon the date of CIQ c is provided by Buyer to Seller, the Sellershould refund and/or repay to the Buyer all the incurred payments and costs to exchangethe relevant shipping documents. Seller agrees that the Buyer is entitled to retain the Oreat Seller’s risk until the Buyer has been fully reimbursed by the Seller of all the paymentsand costs, including but not limited to the provisional payment paid under letter of creditby the Buyer, L/C opening charges, negotiation banking charges, insurance, portdisbursement, storage charges, customs VAT, and pro-rated interest at [ 3.5 ]% perannum on the provisional payment and above mentioned costs and expenses, and otherlosses due to Seller’s such failure to deliver Contractual quality Ore.b)In case the aforesaid payments and costs are not received by Buyer within the 10 workingdays, it is agreed by both parties that the Buyer has right to retain the cargo back, and inBuyer’s sole and absolute discretion re-sell the Ore by any appropriate means to a thirdparty at a price, which Seller hereby unconditionally and irrevocably agree is the marketprice. Such resell price shall also be considered as final settlement price for both parties tosettle this off-spec cargo.c)The Buyer are entitled to claim against Seller for the difference between the cargo valuebasis the final settlement price and the provisional payment as stipulated in article 11(2).Such difference must reimbursed by Seller to Buyer wihin 7 working days upon Buyer’snotice of reselling the shipment of ore and issuance of debit note. In addition, the Buyerreserves the right to claim all other losses and damages arising from the Seller’s suchdefault.B)Physical composition1)Oversized Ore:If the Fines above 10 mm exceeds the guaranteed maximum of **% set forth in Article 6. (3), the base price shall be decreased at the rate of US$0.50 per WMT for the excess part of fines, fraction prorata2)Undersized Ore:If the Fines below 0.15mm exceeds the guaranteed maximum of **% set forth in Article 6.(3), the base price shall be decreased at the rate of US$0.50 per WMT for the excess part of fines, fraction prorataC)Other chemical composition:If the shipment does not meet any of the chemical specifications other than FE provided in Article 6(1) the base price shall be decreased, fraction pro rata as follow:1)Alumina (Al2O3):At the rate of 0.05U.S. Dollars per DMT for each 1% in excess of *.0%, fraction prorata2) Silica (SiO2):At the rate of 0.05U.S. Dollars per DMT for each 1% in excess of *0%, fraction prorata3) Sulphur (S):At the rate of 0.05U.S. Dollars per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.0*%, fraction prorata4) Phosphorus (P):At the rate of 0.05U.S. Dollars per DMT for each 0.01% in excess of 0.0*%, fraction prorataArticle 9. WEIGHING1) At the loading port an independent surveyor, M/s SGS Private Limited (hereafter called ―SGS‖),at Seller’s expense shall determine the weight of shipment of Ore by draft survey. The weight of Ore as ascertained and certified together with SGS’s analysis shall be the basis of Seller’s provisional invoice as stipulated in article 11(2). Buyer may at Buyer’s expense have its representative(s) present during the draft survey.2) B uyer shall, at Buyer’s expense apply to the China Entry-Exit Inspection Quarantine Bureau (hereaftercalled ―CIQ‖) for weighing at the port of discharge. The weight of shipment at the discharge port is to be ascertained by draft survey. The weight thus determined by CIQ shall be final as to wet quantity of the shipment of ore for Seller’s final invoice. The dry quantity shall be determined by deducting the free moisture loss referred to in Article 10 from such wet quantity. Seller may at Seller’s expense have its representative(s) present during the draft survey.3) If no draft survey is performed at the discharge port, Seller’s weight certificate at loading port asstipulated in article 9(1) will be regarded as final.Article 10. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS1) At the loading port, M/s SGS India Priva te Limited (hereafter called ―SGS‖) shall at the Seller's expensedetermine in accordance to the ISO procedures the chemical, moisture and physical specifications of the Ore and shall provide/produce a certificate showing details of the determination which shall include each of the chemical elements referred to in Article 6 above, free moisture loss at 105°Centigrade and sizing analysis.Buyer may at Buyer's expense have its representative present at the time of such determination.2) In addition to the above determination arranged by Seller, the Buyer may at Buyer's own expenseappoint an independent surveyor to conduct sampling and analysis on the Buyer's behalf (hereafter called"the Buyer's load port analysis"). The Seller must furnish the Buyer with all information reasonably required by the Buyer for the Buyer's load port analysis and use its best endeavours to assist the Buyer in ensuring that the Buyer's load port analysis is carried out. If the Seller fails to furnish the Buyer with all information reasonably required by the Buyer or to use its best endeavours as aforesaid, 1) the Buyer has the right to terminate this contract by giving notice to the Seller and to recover from the Seller liquidated damages in accordance with Article 22 below, and 2) any monies paid to the Seller by the Buyer in respect of the shipment the subject of the contract shall be returned to the Buyer forthwith, 3) any incurred costs already paid by Buyer or any possible costs to be paid by Buyer shall be reimbursed by Seller or to be repaid by Seller for Buyer; and 4) Buyer has no obligation to pay Seller for any invoiced bill once this contract is terminated by Buyer’s notice.If the Buyer's load port analysis shows Fe below 57% rejection, 1) the Buyer has the right to terminate this contract by giving notice to the Seller and to recover from the Seller liquidated damages in accordance with Article 22 below, and 2) any monies paid to the Seller by the Buyer in respect of the shipment the subject of the contract shall be returned to the Buyer forthwith, 3) any incurred costs already paid by Buyer or any possible costs to be paid by Buyer shall be reimbursed by Seller or to be repaid by Seller for Buyer; and 4)Buyer has no obligation to pay Seller for any invoiced bill once this contract is terminated by Buyer’s notice.3) At the port of discharge CIQ shall, at Buyer’s expense, take sample from the shipment and divide itinto two parts, one for CIQ’s analysis, and the other for possible umpire analysis as stipulated in article 10(4) which shall be sealed and kept by CIQ. CIQ shall analyze the sample for Buyer after completion of discharge of the cargo, and issue/produce the CIQ certificate. Buyer should promptly forward to Seller by fax or email such CIQ certificate within sixty (60) days after completion of discharge. CIQ’s certificate analysis shall be final and binding on both parties, and shall be basis for the Seller’s final invoice, except as otherwise provided for in Article 10(4).4) If the difference in percentage of F e content between CIQ’s and SGS’s certificate analysis made underArticle 10 (1) and 10 (3) of this Article is more than 1.0% or if there exists a significant difference of more than 1% between the two said analysis in respect of any one or more chemical contents other than FE, Seller shall consult with Buyer to reconcile such differences. If after consultation, the difference cannot be reconciled between Seller and Buyer within 14 days upon the date of CIQ certificate is provided by Buyer to Seller via email or fax, then at the request of Seller or Buyer, the sample for umpire analysis kept by CIQ stipulated in Article 10(3) shall be analyzed by an agreed umpire between Buyer and Seller. The certificate of analysis issued by such umpire shall be final for FE and/or other relevant chemical content on which in dispute.The umpire request shall be made in writing by Seller or Buyer, within 15 days after CIQ certificate has been provided by Buyer to Seller, failing which CIQ certificate is final and binding on both Parties. The umpire assayer shall be agreed and appointed within 14 days after written request of Seller or Buyer has been made, otherwise CIQ certificate is final and binding on both parties.The umpire in default shall be the following umpire laboratory:Alfred H. Knight International Ltd.Eccleston Grange, Prescot Road, St. HelensMerseyside WA10 3BQENGLANDOrAlex Stewart (Assayers) Ltd.Caddick Road, Knowsley Industrial Estate, KnowsleyMerseyside L34 9ERENGLAND5) If no analysis is carried out at the port of discharge, SGS’s certificate at the loading port shall beconclusive as to analysis of Ore.6) The weighing, sampling, chemical analysis, moisture determination and screen analysis performed atthe discharge port by CIQ s hall be for Buyer’s account.7) The cost of the umpire analysis shall be for the account of the party whose own analysis differs furtherfrom the umpire analysis, and if the result of such umpire analysis is the mean of CIQ’s analysis and the SGS’s analysis then such cost shall be equally borne by both parties.Article 11. PAYMENT1) Letter of CreditBuyer shall establish an irrevocable, non-transferable, at sight Letter of Credit (hereafter calledas the ―L/C‖) in favor of Seller to cover 100% value of the shipment within 5/7 working daysafter the Contract is signed by both Parties.LC advising bank shall be as follows.Name: XXXXXXXXX BANKAddress: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSWIFT: XXXXXXXX(2) Provisional PaymentThe said Letter of Credit shall be available against the Seller’s draft at sight by opening bank forprovisional payment for the amount of ninety five (95) percent of the value of the shipmentaccompanied by the documents as stipulated below in this Article within 21 days after shipmentdate. The weight certificate issued by SGS at loading port together with the certificate ofanalysis of sample and of the percentage of free moisture loss at 105 degree centigrade atloading port issued by SGS shall be the basis for the Se ller’s provisional invoice:a) Seller’s signed provisional invoice covering 95% CFR shipment value in one (1)original and three (3) copies, indicating the Contract number, L/C number, name ofcarrying vessel, CFR value of the shipment and B/L date and number.b) Certificate of weight in one(1) original and three(3) copies, issued by SGS as setforth in paragraph (1) of Article 9 certifying the actual surveyed weight of Ore shipped atloading port(s).c) Certificate of quality in one(1) original and three(3) copies, issued by SGS as setforth in paragraph (1) of Article 10 showing actual result of the test of chemicalcomposition and physical composition as required in Article 6 specified in this Contract.d) Certificate of origin in one (1) original and three (3) copies issued by Chamber ofCommerce and Industry, India.e) Full set (3/3) of ―clean on board‖ shipped Ocean Bills of Lading made out ―to order‖and blank endorsed, marked ―Freight Prepaid‖, or ―freight payable as per charter party‖notifying the applicant.f) Beneficiary’s certificate certifying that they sent to Buyer by fax or mail one set ofdocuments including B/L, provisional invoice, certificate of quality, certificate of weight,and certificate of origin within five (5) working days after B/L date, and by courier servicewithin seven (7) working days after B/L date.g) Certified c opy of Beneficiary’s Shipment Advice to Buyers within 3 working days aftercompletion of loading by fax or mail of the Contract number, name of commodity, grossweight, loading and sailing date, bill of lading number and date, name of Vessel,approximate invoice value and ETA at the port of discharge.i) Full set of insurance policy/certificate, for 110pct of the invoice value showing claimspayable in Singapore/China in currency of the draft, blank endorsed in negotiable form,covering all risks and war risks.(3) Final PaymentBuyer shall make final payment for the balance between the final value of the Ore calculated onthe basis of the final analysis as set forth in Article 10(3) and the final weight as set forth inArticle 9(2) and the amount of provisional payment as set forth in the preceding Paragraph (2).Such final payment shall be made through the Letter of Credit against Seller’s sigh t draft or inexceptional cases by T/T remittance from Buyer to Seller. The said sight draft shall beaccompanied by the following documents:a)Seller’s signed f inal invoice in five originals based on Inspection Certificates issued by CIQ.b)Inspection Certificate of Quality issued by CIQ at discharging port in one photocopy.c)Inspection Certificate of Weight issued by CIQ at discharging port in one photocopy; ord)In case Certificate(s) of Quality and / or Weight issued by CIQ is not provided by the Buyerwithin 60 days after completion of discharge, then Seller has the right to negotiate the finalinvoice based on loading port’s Certificate of Quality and/or Weight issued by SGS, a copyof which shall be submitted to the Buyer as substitute documents. In such case, adeclaration issued by the Seller of non-receipt of CIQ inspection certificate shouldaccompany documents.(e) In case umpire analysis is required as per terms of this contract then report requiredunder (a), (b) and (c) above shall be from the umpire analysis instead of CIQ. In such casedeclaration by the Seller and Buyer for Umpire analysis required under this Contract shouldaccompany documents.The final invoice or final calculation sheet based on CIQ certificate must be confirmed by otherparty within 7 working days after sight. In case there is any overpayment due to Buyer afteradjustments have been made as hereinabove provided, it shall be paid by Seller to Buyer in theUnited States Currency by telegraphic transfer or by any other means to be mutually agreedupon between Buyer and Seller within 7 working days upon issuance of Buyer’s final debitstatement.Article 12 SHIPMENT:1)Shipment shall be made from port of loading in vessel arranged by Seller. The Seller shall provide orarrange for transport of all product sold and delivered under this Contract from loading port to the discharge port in a single-deck bulk carrier (―the Vessel‖).The Seller shall notify Buyer of Vessel nomination including all the vessel particulars for B uyer’s confirmation and acceptance before vessel arrival at loading port or before loading. However, in the event of delay by Seller to notify such to Buyer, the Buyer at its own discretion has the right to terminate the contract and reserve the rights to claim against Seller for all incurred costs under this contract, and other losses and expenses as provided in Article 23.2)If carrying vessel is tween-deck or multi-purpose or for any other reasons on vessel’s own fault, whichcause additional port/discharging fee charged by port authority, then such fee shall be on Seller’s account, and shall be settled within 7 working days against Buyer’s debit note.Article 13. ADVICE OF SHIPMENT:(1)Seller shall, upon completion of loading, advise Buyer within three working days by cable/telex/fax/email of the Contract number, name of commodity, gross weight, loading and sailing date, name of vessel, approximate invoice value, Bill of Lading No. & date and ETA at the port of discharge. (2)Seller guarantee to provide Buyer by fax or email with a set of shipping documents copy listed asaforesaid in article 10(2) within 5 working days after shipment date (or at least 3 working days prior to vessel arrival at discharging port)Article 14. NOTICE OF ARRIVAL:1) Seller shall advise Buyer at least 14 (Fourteen) days in advance of the estimated date of arrival of thevessel at port of discharge, specifying the type of vessel and hatch division.2) The Seller shall arrange for the Master of the Vessel to notify Buyer three notices of ETA of the Vesselat the discharging port. The first of such notice will be given 10 days prior to the ETA of the Vessel, the second to be given 48 hours prior to the ETA and the third to be given 24 hours prior to ETA.Article 15. DISCHARGING TERMS:1)Buyer guarantees discharging rate of **,000 tons PWWD SHINC.Demurrage rate: US$ **,000 per day of 24 hours or pro- rata. Half dispatch.Turn time: 12 hours unless sooner commenced.2)Notice of readiness to load shall be tendered with clean holds, hatch open and ready in allrespects to discharge the cargo at any time. The lay time shall commence to count 12 hours turn time after NOR has been accepted. If the vessel is not in free pratique on arrival at the berth due to causes attributable to the vessel, then a new notice of readiness shall be tendered after free pratique is granted.3)Any delays caused by ice, floods, quarantine, export or import prohibitions, restrictions or anyother acts of government or any other events of ―force majeure‖ as defined in Article 20 will not count as lay time or demurrage.4)Any time lost during discharging due to the Vessel’s inability to discharge at the applicabledischarge rates determined in accordance with this article or due to any other defects and /or default in the Vessel, deficiency and /or default of the Vessel’s person nel, including inability of the Vessel to ballast or de-ballast at a rate commensurate with the respective discharging rate, shall not count as lay time or demurrage. Any time lost by the Vessel in obtaining gas free clearance or free pratique, either directly or consequentially, shall be for the Seller’s account.5)If original bill(s) of lading could not be presented at discharging port, the Seller and the shipOwner must agree to discharge the entire Ore without presentation of original bill(s) of lading.Any delay of owner’s confirmation of discharging cargo without original bills of lading, the demurrage loss arising from that shall not be on Buyer’s account.6)The Buyer has right to appoint the discharge port shipping agent at O wner or Seller’s costs.Owner and/or Seller must appoint the agent informed by Buyer. If any failure, the discharging terms shall change to CQD.7)Lightening if requir ed by Buyer to Buyer’s account; Lightening if required by Master/Owner toSeller’s account and time should not be counted as lay time.8)Counting of lay time shall cease on completion of discharging. The following time shall not becounted as lay time used even if the vessel already on demurrage:a)Shifting time from anchorage to berth and/or between berths, while all the expense arisingout of the shifting shall be on Seller’s account.b)Time lost due to ballasting /de-ballasting of the vesselc)Time proceeding from customary waiting place/anchorage to discharging berthd)Time used for first opening and last enclosing of hatches.e)Any time lost due to failure or brea kdown of ship’s gear or equipment which may effect ordelay continued normal discharge operations.f)Time used for the draft survey(s) to determine Cargo quantity.9)The vessel shall vacate discharging place as soon as discharging is completed, weather and tidepermitting.Article 16. TRANSFER OF TITLE AND RISK:1)Seller warrants that at the time of delivery, the cargo under the contract have good title to theproduct and will deliver to Buyer free and clear of all liens, claims and encumbrances.If in case of Buyer innocently involved into third party dispute between vessel owner and charter due to some outstanding payment, e.g. vessel owner refuse to give cargo-delivery order even if Buyer’s presentation of original bills of lading for releasing cargo at discharging port, Seller shall deposit to court as required by court for Buyer’s arrangement of cargo release through marine court in lawful way.2)Title with respect to each shipment shall pass from Seller to Buyer when the Buyer has made theprovisional payment through the opening bank against the relative shipping documents as set forth in Article 11(2).3)All risk of loss, damage or destruction respecting the Ore delivered shall pass to the Buyer from thetime of loading of the Ore thereof and the ore pass the vessel rail .In the event that the Ore is lost, damaged or diminished after risk passes but before title of Ore vests in the Buyer,The Seller agrees to assign absolutely and/or subrogate all their rights, title to sue and interest to the Buyer to recover against any third party for losses and/or damages caused and/or expense incurred arising out of and/or in connection with and/or in relation to the Ore.Seller undertakes and warrants that their rights against third parties as aforesaid are and will not be impaired in any way by any act done or to be done by Seller.Seller agrees at all time t o let Buyer and/or Buyer’s servants or agents to have access to all information, documents, and evidence in relation thereto. Seller warrants that Seller has preserved and undertakes to preserve all original documents and evidence in connection with and in relation to the Ore.Seller also undertakes and agrees to allow any proceedings to be taken in Seller’s name without any reference to Seller in exercise of Buyer’s said rights and interest arising out of or in connection with this agreement, and if required, to assist in such proceedings in any form that may be required of Seller, including the provision of all witness and documents.Article 17. LOSS OF CARGO:1) In the event of partial loss of Ore, the final cargo value of the shipment ore shall be basis the weightof Ore shall be the B/L quantity determined as per Article 9(1), and the quality/analysis determined as per Article 10(3).2) In the event of total loss of Ore, the analysis and the weight as determined at the loading port(s) shallbe treated as final and shall be used for final invoicing and payment.Article 18. INSURANCE1) Insurance shall be effected and arranged by Buyer for the full Ore value of the shipment, from the timeof loading of the Ore thereof. For this purpose Seller shall advise Buyer by fax or mail the vessel movement/detais before the loading starts and immediately after completion of the loading as specified in Article 13 of this Contract.2) The Vessel arranged by Seller shall not be over 25 years old. However, if vessel age is above 20 years,the full costs of the OAP will be borne by Seller, and such OAP should be settled within 7 working days against Buyer’s debit note.Article 19. Tax, Duties and other Export & Import FeesAll tax, duties and other export fees levied on export of Iron Ore in the country of Origin shall be for account of Seller, whereas all tax, duties and other import fees levied on the import of Iron Ore in the country of destination shall be for Buyer’s account.Article 20. FORCE MAJEURE1) Neither party shall be held responsible for failure or delay to perform all or in part any obligation underthis Contract if the failure or delay results from event of force majeure.For the purpose of this Contract, force majeure shall mean the following: acts of God, flood, fire, explosion, earthquake, fog, hurricane, snowstorm, tsunami, and drough, war, invasion, outbreak of hostilities, act of terrorism; Government sanction2) The date of fulfillment of any obligation shall be postponed during the time when such circumstancesare operative.3) Any waiver/ extension of time in respect of the delivery of any part of the Ore shall not be deemed to bewaiver/extension of time in respect of the remaining part.4) Any Party asserting Force Majeure shall give notice to the other party of a force majeure event within24 hours of its occurrence. The Party shall have the burden of proving that reasonable steps weretaken (under the circumstances) to minimize delay or damages caused by foreseeable events, that all non-excused obligations were substantially fulfilled. Certificate issued by a Chamber of Commerce in the country of the Seller or Buyer shall be sufficient proof of the existence of the above circumstances and their duration, and the Party whose performance is affected by force majeure shall send the Certificate of the occurrence of the force majeure event issued by Chamber of Commerce not later than 3 days after its occurrence.5) If the event of Force Majeure continues for more than 30 days, either party will have the right to refusefurther performance of the Contract in which case neither party shall have the right to claim eventual damages.6) In the event the Force Majeure caused only partial reduction in the total quantity of Ore the Seller is。