• 1. Adverb Clause of Time 时间状语从句•连接主从句when, while, as, before, after, until, since and as soon as 连接两个句子：at that time, at the same time, meanwhile, after that, afterwards, •连接两个句子before that, finally, then•同时发生when, while, as日子一天天过去，，天气越变越坏1 日子一天天过去As the day went on, the weather got worse.从句表示"随时间推移"连词用as，不用when 或while.我停住了车。
2 恰恰在交通灯变红时恰恰在交通灯变红时，，我停住了车Just as / When the traffic light turned red, I stopped my car.•不同时发生我陪你直到你妈妈回家。
1 我陪你直到你妈妈回家I will stay with you until your mother comes home.I won’t leave you until your mother comes home.他迅速地离开了银行。
在拿到钱后，，他迅速地离开了银行2 在拿到钱后After he had got the money, he left the bank immediately.After having got the money, he left the bank immediately.Before he had got the money, he didn’t leave the bank.Before having got the money, he didn’t leave the bank.自从我生病以来，，他就屡次给我写信他就屡次给我写信。
3 自从我生病以来He has written to me frequently since I was ill.我到家后就给你打电话。
4 我到家后就给你打电话I’ll phone you when I get home.As soon as I get home, I’ll phone you.表示立即发生。
as soon as表示立即发生。
亚当种玫瑰。
夏娃在剪草, 亚当种玫瑰Eve was cutting the grass while Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. At the same time, Adam was planting roses.Eve was cutting the grass. Meanwhile Adam was planting roses.We had a great holiday. we spent a few days in shanghai.we drove down to Hangzhou and stayed there for a week. ,we went back to Nanjing and visited some old friends.• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason 原因状语从句连接主从句 because, since, and as后接短语due to, owing to, because of• 2. Adverb Clause of Reason我没有赶上汽车所以我迟到了我没有赶上汽车所以我迟到了。
I was late because I could not catch the bus.我觉得很不舒服我觉得很不舒服，，我回家很早我回家很早。
Because I felt tired, I went home early.1 我们总去那因为那的天气棒极了我们总去那因为那的天气棒极了。
We always go there because the weather is wonderful.We always go there because of the wonderful weather.2因为较高的学费因为较高的学费，，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。
（afford to do, boarding school ）Because the tuition fee is high, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.Due to/ Owing to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.• 3. Adverb Clause of concession and contrast 转折转折，，对比 These clauses are introduced by连接主从句 though, although, as, even if / thoughno matter how , no matter whatwhile, whereas后接短语 in spite of连接两个句子 however, on the other handby contrast, in contrast, on the contrary虽然他很小但是他很强壮虽然他很小但是他很强壮。
Although he is small but he is very strong. Although he is small, he is very strong.注意注意：： 当有though, although 时，后面的从 句不能有but尽管他膝盖尽管他膝盖（（knee ）受伤受伤，，他仍然赢得了比赛他仍然赢得了比赛。
He still won the game although/ though/even though/ even if he had a bad knee.He still won the game in spite of his bad knee.• 练习练习：：• 尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响面影响。
• （ rural emigrants, bring negative impact.）• Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, theymay inevitably bring about many negative impacts.• In spite of the great contribution of rural emigrants to the economic growth, they mayinevitably bring about many negative impacts.• ExerciseAlthough it's raining, they are still working in the field.1 虽然在下雨虽然在下雨，，但他们仍在地里干活但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.2 虽然他很老虽然他很老，，但仍然努力地工作仍然努力地工作。
• 尽管他还是个孩子，但是他知道该做什么事不该做什么事。
As/ Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.= Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.虽然他尽了努力虽然他尽了努力，，但他的工作总做的不尽人意但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
As/Though he tries hard, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.= Try hard as/though he does , he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意注意：： a. 句首名词不能带任何冠词句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b. 句首是实义动词句首是实义动词，，其他助动词放在主语后动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语如果实义动词有宾语和状语，，随实义动词一起放在主语之前随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
• Exercise 写同义句尽管他很小但是他很强壮尽管他很小但是他很强壮。
Though he is small, he is very strong.Small though/as he is, he is very strong.尽管下雨了尽管下雨了，，他们仍然在地里工作他们仍然在地里工作。
Though it's raining, they are still working in the field.Raining though/as it is, they’re still working in the field.• Mary 很富有但是John 很穷很穷。
• Mary is rich, while / whereas John is poor.• 冬天冬天，，中国的北方很寒冷干燥中国的北方很寒冷干燥。
然而然而，，南方却温南方却温暖潮湿暖潮湿暖潮湿。
• The north of China is cold and dry, while/ whereas the south is warm and wet in winter. • however虽然我不同意他的很多方法虽然我不同意他的很多方法，，但是他是一个很好的老师但是他是一个很好的老师。
1 Although/ though/ even though/even ifAlthough/ though/ even though/even if I don’t agree with a lot of his methods, he is a good teacher.2 butI don’t agree with a lot of his methods but he is a good teacher.3 HoweverI don’t agree with a lot of his methods. However, he is a good teacher.Tom 觉得这是一部很棒的电影觉得这是一部很棒的电影，，然而Joe 觉得这部电影很傻觉得这部电影很傻。
