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高中英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1．犇犇阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That's because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face.After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer "game" That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touch-screen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment?A.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.B.By mixing the selected dogs together.C.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screenD.By showing digital pictures of women's happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word "trepidation" in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.A.fear and hesitationB.curiosity and eagernessC.excitement and happinessD.doubt and sadness（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________.A.are fond of the male facesB.are uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire facesC.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of malesD.can only recognize emotions of females（4）What is the best title for this passage?A.Mood Changes Influence DogsB.Dogs Identify the MoodsC.dogs and Their OwnersD.Dog's Mood Research【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新的实验发现，即狗能够识别人的面部表情的变化。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Science and technology.科技。
Animal cognition动物的认知Man's best friend人类的挚友Can dogs really show empathy towards humans?狗真的能感受人类的情绪吗?DOGS quickly become part of the family. Tales abound of dogs celebrating joy in a household or commiserating when tragedy strikes. This may not seem surprising after 15,000 years of co-evolution. But what hard evidence is there of dogs' empathy with humans? A new experiment suggests that behind all the waggy tails there really is something deeper going on.狗很快成了人类家庭中的一员，它们庆祝家庭喜事，怜悯悲剧的发生，这种故事屡见不鲜。
在人类与狗共同进化了一万五千年之后，这点或许并不稀奇。
但有没有确凿的证据能够证明狗能体会人类的感受呢?最近一项新的实验表明，狗狗背后的确隐藏着更深的含义。
Past experiments have hinted that animals can feel sympathy. Rats and monkeys had been found to forgo food to avoid delivering electric shocks to relatives. Similarly, apes have recently beendocumented consoling one another after conflicts. However, all these experiments and observations were demonstrating an animal's sensitivity to distress in other members of the same species. Deborah Custance and Jennifer Mayer of Goldsmiths College, London, set out to see if dogs could detect the emotional state of humans.以往的一些实验已经间接地表明动物们也具有同情心。
23年高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——狗也是伴侣——改编自A dog is more than a fleeting love Dogs have long been known as man's best friend. As pets, dogs bring us comfort and joy, and they also keep us active. During the pandemic lockdowns last year, dog ownership increased significantly as more people were staying at home and had the time to care for a furry friend.However, with increased demand for puppies came skyrocketing prices. Some breeds like Cockapoos and Cocker Spaniels saw even steeper price increases, and many puppies were sold for over £3,000. Such high prices might encourage puppy farming, smuggling, or even dog theft. Some breeders have also been found selling animals on social media sites, which animal welfare charities have called "extremely irresponsible."Notably, new owners who obtained a dog legally, from a registered breeder or a rescue centre, found themselves unprepared for life with a new pet. Animal behaviourists in theUK have reported that requests for help have surged from owners of dogs suffering from fear-aggression after their lives have been turned upside down.Looking towards the future, there are concerns about the welfare of these beloved pets. Ian Atkin, the manager of the Oxfordshire Animal Sanctuary in the UK, warns that while dogs are enjoying their moment now, separation anxiety could surface when people return to work. Additionally, Claire Calder from the UK’s Dogs Trust rescue organisation says that “economic situations also mean that some people may find they cannot afford to look after a dog.”The takeaway message is to avoid purchasing a puppy too hastily and to pick one that fits into your lifestyle.In conclusion, owning a dog can provide immense happiness and fulfilment, but it comes with significant responsibilities. Whether you acquire one from a breeder or a shelter, be prepared to commit time, energy, and finances towards its well-being. And most importantly, ensure you consider the impact a new dog will have on your lifestyle and living situation before bringing it home, so you can enjoy yourfurry friend for years to come.【重点词汇】1. man's best friend /mænz/ /best/ /frend/ 人类最好的朋友2. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ 安慰; 舒适3. joy /dʒɔɪ/ 高兴; 快乐4. pandemic /pænˈdemɪk/ 流行病; 大流行5. lockdown /ˈlɒkdaʊn/ 原意为紧急情况下对某些地方或建筑实施封锁措施，以防止危险的散播。
Man’s best friend我最爱的汪星人，我最爱的狗狗I woke up with drool(口水)on my pillow this morning.I wouldn’t have minded except it wasn’t mine.The alarm clock rang,and I reached over to turn it off.As I laid my face back down on the pillow,I felt the wet,slimy(黏滑的)drool on my pillow case.I opened my eyes and saw a smiling,panting(喘气的),furry face gazing down at me.I tried to get up,but she was too fast.My face was suddenly covered in kisses with one going straight up my nose and another right in my ear.I laughed,reached out and picked up the eight-pound love machine and held her away from my dripping(湿透的)face.It was just another morning in a life with dogs.Why do we welcome them into our homes and our hearts?We know that we are most likely going to outlive them and have our hearts broken when they age quickly and pass away after ten to fifteen years.We know that there will be vet(兽医)bills, flea baths and enough fur to make a vacuum cleaner cry.We know that our ears will ring from the barking,that we will be picking up poop(大便)every single day andthat we will never get to finish a full sandwich again.Yet,when we are feeling down or blue,there will always be a soft head on our lap needing to be pet.When we get home after a long day’s work,there will be a happy face at the door waiting for us.Our lives will be full of balls to throw,bellies (腹部)to scratch,and love and loyalty that will warm our hearts and uplift our souls.For thousands of years,dogs have been our best friends.They remain one of the greatest gifts life has ever given us.Even if they can’t love us for the rest of our lives, they will always love us for all of theirs.（选自Reader’s digest）1.How does the author probably feel about his dog every morning?A.Awful.B.Impatient.C.Delighted.D.Thrilled.2.What figure of speech(修辞手法)is used for the underlined sentence in Paragraph2?A.Irony.B.Contrast.C.Repetition.D.Personification.3.The purpose of Paragraph2is to______.A.explore why we adore dogsB.show the burden dogs can bringC.give examples of dogs’bad behaviorD.list reasons why some people avoid dogs4.What does the last sentence of this article mean?A.Dogs are devoted to their owners.B.Dogs’owners outlive them.C.Life is never perfect.D.Dogs are beneficial.5.The writer wrote this article mainly to______.A.give the advantages and disadvantages of raising dogsB.share how much love his dog has brought himC.say that keeping a dog is worth all the troubleD.analyze the impact of a dog’s company译文：今天早上闹钟响了，我伸手把它关了。
狗是怎样知道人类感受的？当你听见朋友叫你时，脑海立马就会浮现那位朋友的样子，即便是你还没有真正看到她。
通过她说话的声调，你很快就能判断出她是高兴还是悲伤。
你拥有这样的能力，是因为人类大脑有一片“声音区域”，它会负责判断和存储。
科学家通过扫描大脑，噢是狗狗们的大脑，发现他们跟人类一样也有这么一个“声音区域”。
这便解释了狗狗为什么能知道人类的感受。
来自英国Glasgow 大学的神经学研究人员Pascal Belin 说：“这是一项开创性的发现”。
Pascal Belin 曾经在2000年时就参与了人类大脑“声音区域”的研究。
而这一次Pascal Bel in 说“这是首次在非人类灵长类动物身上做关于大脑声音识别比较研究，狗狗们全都是训练有素的积极配后，没有一点强迫。
”有趣的是，之前还有人做过一个研究，显示“人为什么能够分别狗的叫声，是快乐还是悲伤。
”，这个研究找到了39名志愿者，让他们听随机的声音包括狗叫声、女人的声音、婴儿的声音等等，并让他们对每个声音标注情绪，是积极的，还是消极的。
统计结果发现了一个有趣的结果，人和狗都会使用短促的声音比较积极情绪，用长声表示消极的情绪，用更高的声调表示强烈的情绪。
知道了人和狗在情感处理上类似之后，我们再来看看“关于狗如何分辨人”的实验。
11狗狗在被大脑扫描的情况下，聆听了200来段狗和人的声音，包括牢骚、哭、笑、开心狗叫等等。
为了做对比，还有11名人类同时接受了一样的实验。
狗狗和人类大脑的扫描结果显示，狗跟人类一样拥有声音处理区域，而且处理的方式一样。
科学家们觉得这种进化源自1亿多年前，人类和狗一定来自同一个祖先。
甚至一些学说认为这个区域一定在更多的动物身上也有。
而原来，这个“声音区域”被认为是人类…语言进化‟的一个特质，被觉得是只属于人类的，而现在。
研究人员Andics 反问到“为什么狗也有？”Andics 认为“因为狗和人类的大脑在处理社会机制时是一样的，例如快乐的声音或者悲伤的声音。
Research is now suggesting something dog-lovers have long suspected - man's best friend can tell the difference between our happy and angry faces.“狗奴”们一直怀疑对汪星人——人类最好的朋友——能够分辨我们快乐和生气的表情，日前一项研究认同了这一点。
Scientists at the Messerli Research Institute's Clever Dog Lab in Vienna trained dogs to associate pictures of happy or angry faces with a reward.维也纳梅瑟利研究所“聪明狗狗”实验室（Messerli Research Institute's Clever Dog Lab）的科学家们，训练狗狗将笑脸或怒容的图片与奖励联系在一起。
In a subsequent test, the scientists showed the dogs images of human faces they had not seen in their training.在接下来的测试中，科学家们给狗狗展示了一组它们在训练中从未见过的人脸图像。
This suggested that dogs could spot the difference between the expressions.测试表明狗可以分辨出表情的不同。
"The main focus [of our research] is the big question of communication," lead researcher Prof Ludwig Huber said.“（我们研究的）重点在于“交流”这个重大问题，”研究小组负责人路德维格·胡贝尔（Ludwig Huber）教授说。
2017年山东卷高考英语阅读题真题解析为了帮助同学们更好地理解和解答2017年山东卷高考英语阅读题，下面将对每道题进行详细解析和分析。
第一篇阅读理解：文章主要介绍了宠物狗对人类的益处，以及如何正确地照顾和训练宠物狗。
题目一解析：该题要求根据文章内容回答一个问题，问题是"What are the benefitsof owning a dog?"。
根据文章第一段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即宠物狗可以提高人们的心理和身体健康，减少孤独感，并促进交流和社交。
题目二解析：该题要求根据文章内容选择正确的观点，根据文章第五段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即宠物狗可以给家庭带来欢乐、快乐，提供安全感，并帮助孩子学会责任。
题目三解析：该题要求从文章中找出一段描述关于训练宠物狗的方法。
根据文章第六段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即要使用积极的强化方法，如夸奖和奖励，来训练宠物狗。
第二篇阅读理解：文章主要介绍了一项针对环保的活动——清理海滩上的垃圾。
题目一解析：该题要求根据文章内容选择正确的地点，根据文章第二段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即该活动将在某个海滩上进行。
题目二解析：该题要求根据文章内容回答一个问题，问题是"What are the rules for participating in the activity?"。
根据文章第四段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即参与者需要自备手套、水和食物，不需要提前报名。
题目三解析：该题要求根据文章内容选择正确的行为，根据文章最后一段的描述，我们可以得到答案，即参与者应该避免破坏海滩环境，不应该捡起危险的物品。
总结：通过对以上题目的解析，我们可以得出以下结论：对于阅读理解题，关键是要仔细阅读文章内容，并从中挖掘出与题目相关的信息。
在解答题目时，要根据文章内容进行推理和判断，并进行举一反三，思维灵活。
同时，在答题过程中，要注意表达准确、简洁，避免给阅卷老师带来阅读困扰。
2017年6月英语四级听力真题One of Google's self-driving cars crashed into a busin California last month. There were no injuries.上个月，在加利福利亚州，谷歌公司的一辆无人驾驶汽车撞到了一辆巴士。
没有人员受伤。
It is not the first time one of Google's famed self-driving cars has been involved in a crash,谷歌公司名声在外的无人驾驶汽车并不是第一次卷入撞车事故中，but it may be the first time it has caused one.但是这是第一次由它引起的撞车事故。
On February 14th the self-driving car, travelling at2mph (3km/h) , pulled out in front of a public bus going 15mph (24km/h) .2月14日，这辆以每小时2英里(每小时3公里)的速度行驶的无人驾驶汽车，从一辆以每小时15英里(每小时24公里)的速度行驶的巴士前驶出。
The man in the Google vehicle reported that he assumed the bus would slow down to let thecar out,坐在谷歌公司汽车里的人报告说，他以为那辆巴士会减速让汽车驶出，and so he did not switch to the manual mode.所以他没有切换到手动模式。
In a statement, Google said: "We clearly bear some responsibility,在一份声明中，谷歌公司说：“我们很显然要承担一些责任，because if our car hadn't moved, there wouldn't have been a crash."因为如果我们的车没有移动，那么就不会出现撞车事故。
狗真的在对我们微笑吗作者：严毅梅来源：《青少年科技博览（中学版）》2019年第10期狗张大了嘴，且嘴角向上提，舌头伸出来——大多数人看着这张脸都会觉得这是一张笑脸。
狗真是以此来表达快乐或满足吗？换句话说，狗真的在对我们微笑吗？答案是错。
此答案来源于人类上万年的养狗史。
英国约克大学心理学教师亞历克斯·本杰明认为，可以通过研究狗来研究物种间的社会交流，“大多数研究也验证了这样一种观点，即我们与狗之间的交流联系是独一无二的。
例如，研究人员发现狗很愿意人类注视它，且用其他动物少有的方式与人类进行眼神交流”。
发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究对狼和狗进行了测试，测试内容是观察它们面对封闭容器里的食物会采取什么样的态度。
研究人员发现，当狼发现容器无法打开时，会悄悄地离开，而狗会转过身来，盯着人类——这表明狗知道人可能帮助它们完成这项任务。
本杰明在接受《生活科学》采访时说：“彼此注视是合作的基础，尤其是像对待狗这样的动物，你不能光依赖口语。
人类在驯养过程中可能培养狗与人合作。
因此，一些无意识、或有意识的选择也可能导致今天狗的行为。
”英国朴茨茅斯大学的朱利安·卡明斯基对狗的一个可爱的表情特别感兴趣，即眉弓向内翘起形成了所谓的“小狗眼”。
为了研究，卡明斯基和同事们参观了一个狗收容所，并使用一种面部动作编码系统测量狗与人互动时的面部细微动作。
之后，研究人员跟踪每只狗被领养时的表现。
卡明斯基指出：“‘小狗眼’这种表情出现的次数越多，它们被人收养的速度就越快。
”研究人员分析发现，其他行为都没有这种行为的影响大，卡明斯基由此想到，这种行为是故意的吗？狗是否理解或了解到，如果它们这么做，人类会为它们做些什么？于是，她设计了另一个实验。
实验中，狗会接触手里有食物的人。
如果狗知道它们悲伤凝视的作用，就会增加凝视来得到它们想要的东西。
当我们驯养犬科动物时，很有可能人类无意识地选择了这种可爱的特征，因为它就像我们悲伤时产生的一种反应，所以这会引发驯养反应，但这并不一定意味着狗已经学会了利用它。
狗能听懂人说话吗狗狗能听懂你说的话狗能听懂人说话吗能，狗狗能够听懂人的快乐和悲伤的声音。
科学研究表明狗狗除了同类外只对人类声音刺激有反应匈牙利罗兰大学的研究人员为了了解狗狗与人类的互动模式，他们尝试让实验狗狗安静地躺在核磁共振成像仪中至少六分钟，来观察狗狗大脑的血液活动。
过程很是艰难，不过狗狗们还算给自家铲屎官面子，总算顺利地开始了实验。
研究人员在每个狗狗躺进仪器后，播放了约200种声音刺激，三种类型：狗的叫声、人声、和其他无意义的噪声。
万万没想到，实验狗狗不仅在听到同类的声音时大脑活动量会增加，人声也能让他们的大脑兴奋，但无意义的声音就不会啦。
而且，它们还能够辨别人类声音的快乐和悲伤情绪：愉悦的人声时比悲伤的人声会让它们大脑活动更强烈。
但狗狗为什么会除了同类的声音刺激，只对人类的声音刺激有反应呢狗狗与人类的这段感情还要从他们的初识说起。
早在1.4万年前，狗狗就已经是人类的伙伴了，最初，人类将一些温顺的狼驯养，训练它们帮助自己从事一些日常劳作和狩猎。
经过一代代地繁衍，最终，家犬出现了。
为什么狗狗会听懂人类的声音狗狗对人声的敏感是具有进化意义的，它们被人类饲养，为了更好地帮助自己的人类小伙伴，狗狗们不得不去尝试理解人类声音里包含的信息。
长此以往，它们提高了对人声敏感性，大脑也可以自动化地识别人声。
总之，狗狗们目前只能
分辨人类声音的喜悲。
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/ielts/xd.html（报名网址）Science and technology.科技。
Animal cognition动物的认知Man's best friend人类的挚友Can dogs really show empathy towards humans?狗真的能感受人类的情绪吗?DOGS quickly become part of the family. Tales abound of dogs celebrating joy in a household or commiserating when tragedy strikes. This may not seem surprising after 15,000 years of co-evolution. But what hard evidence is there of dogs' empathy with humans? A new experiment suggests that behind all the waggy tails there really is something deeper going on.狗很快成了人类家庭中的一员，它们庆祝家庭喜事，怜悯悲剧的发生，这种故事屡见不鲜。
在人类与狗共同进化了一万五千年之后，这点或许并不稀奇。
但有没有确凿的证据能够证明狗能体会人类的感受呢?最近一项新的实验表明，狗狗背后的确隐藏着更深的含义。
Past experiments have hinted that animals can feel sympathy. Rats and monkeys had been found to forgo food to avoid delivering electric shocks to relatives. Similarly, apes have recently beendocumented consoling one another after conflicts. However, all these experiments and observations were demonstrating an animal's sensitivity to distress in other members of the same species. Deborah Custance and Jennifer Mayer of Goldsmiths College, London, set out to see if dogs could detect the emotional state of humans.以往的一些实验已经间接地表明动物们也具有同情心。
科学家发现，老鼠和猴子会放弃食物，以防自己受到电击而危害同伴。
类似的还有大猩猩，它们会在发生争斗后彼此安慰。
然而这些实验和观察都只能证明同物种的动物相互之间拥有感受痛楚的能力。
伦敦金史密斯大学的黛博拉?科斯坦斯与詹妮弗?梅耶正在着手研究狗，看它们能否察觉人类的情绪状态。
To do this, Dr Custance and Ms Mayer conducted an experiment to study the response of dogs when a nearby human suddenly began to cry. The researchers knew that interpreting responses would be difficult, since dogs tend to whine, nuzzle, lick, lay their heads in laps and fetch toys for people in distress. Although such actions hint at a dog wishing to offer comfort, they could also be signs of curiosity, or suggest that a dog is simply distressed by seeing its master upset.为了研究这个问题，科斯坦斯博士与梅耶女士进行了一项试验。
他们将狗安排在一个人身边，观察狗在此人突然开始哭泣时的反应。
他们深知想要解读狗的反应是十分困难的，因为狗在这种条件下经常会发出呜呜声，把鼻子贴在人的大腿上并蹭蹭舔舔，还会在人类悲伤时叼来玩具哄人开心。
尽管这样的行为暗示着它们想要给主人提供安慰，但同时也可能仅仅代表了它们的好奇心，又或者它们只是看到主人懊恼感到忧虑罢了。
To work round this, the researchers presented 18 dogs of various breeds with four separate 20-second conditions. They included their owner crying, a stranger crying and both taking it in turns to hum "Mary had a little lamb". All four of these conditions were preceded by two minutes ofmundane conversation between Ms Mayer, who filled the role of the stranger, and the dog's owner.为了能够正确解读狗的反应，研究者在实验中采用了18条不同品种的狗并将它们分别置于时长均为20秒的四种不同的情境中，分别为主人在一旁哭泣、陌生人在一旁哭泣、主人与陌生人轮流对狗狗哼唱《玛丽有只小羊羔》。
在每种情境开始前，梅耶女士都会充当陌生人的角色与狗的主人进行时长两分钟的常规交谈。
Dr Custance and Ms Mayer suspected that if exposure to crying led dogs to feel distress, then regardless of who was crying, the dog would go to their master to seek comfort. They also theorised that if curiosity, rather than empathy, was the driving force, then the humming would cause dogs to engage with people.科斯坦斯博士与梅耶女士猜想如果狗看到人类哭泣会感到悲伤的话，无论是其主人还是陌生人，狗都会去主人那里寻求安慰。
他们还建立了一个理论，如果使狗接近人类的是它们好奇心而非感情上的共鸣，那么哼唱小曲同样会使狗跟人类进行互动。
As they report in Animal Cognition, "person-oriented behaviour" did sometimes take place when either the stranger or the owner hummed, but it was more than twice as likely to occur if someone was crying. This indicated that dogs were differentiating between odd behaviour and crying. And of the 15 dogs in the experiment that showed person-oriented responses when the stranger cried, all of them directed their attention towards the stranger rather than their owner.正如他们在《动物的认知》中描述的一样，不管是陌生人还是狗的主人哼唱小曲儿，有时候狗的确会对人类的这些活动作出一定回应，但哭泣的人吸引到狗注意的概率比唱歌的人要高出两倍以上。
这表明狗能区分哭泣与其他一些奇怪的行为。
在此次实验中有15条狗在看到陌生人哭泣时表现出了同情人类的行为，这些狗都把注意力转向了哭泣的陌生人而非它们的主人。
These discoveries suggest that dogs do have the ability to express empathetic concern. But although the results are clear enough, Dr Custance argues that more work needs to be done to be sure that such behaviour is true empathy. It is possible, she points out, that the dogs were drawing on previous experiences in which they were rewarded for approaching distressed human companions. Dog-owners, however, are unlikely to need any more convincing.这些发现表明狗的确有表达关心的能力。
科斯坦斯博士说，尽管结论已经十分明确，我们仍需要更多做工来确定它们的行为是否真的因为它们能体会人类的感受。
她指出，狗可能是出于以往获得的经验即靠近它们的人类同伴能获得奖励进而表现出这种行为。
而对于狗能通人性这一点狗主人已经十分清楚了。
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