7.7米宇通DF5S550系列变速箱使用说明书
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1 设计任务本设计要求设计变速器型号为金龙客车XMQ6931G,该型号客车已经有了成品,在金龙客车的官网上可以查出,该型号客车所采用的发动机为广西玉柴机器集团有限公司所设计生产的型号为YC6J220—30的发动机,成品车采用的变速器为綦江齿轮传动有限公司设计生产的五档变速箱,根据成品车的相关数据,决定本设计中拟设计的客车为6档(5+1),金龙汽车所用轮胎配件多为佳通品牌型号为255/70R22.5的轮胎,轮胎外径为938mm。
图1 金龙XMQ6931G客车效果图在本设计中,由相关的成品尺寸,得出设计参数如下:金龙牌XMQ6931G客车变速器设计(5+1)档发动机:M emax=800 N·m ;最大输出功率:162Kw车速:V max=90 Km/h ;额定转速:n=2500r/min ;车轮滚动半径:R0=0。
469m ;汽车总质量:9000 Kg ;主减速比:i0=3.33 ;设计要求:采用中间轴式,全同步器换档,要进行齿轮参数设计计算,对一档齿轮的接触强度、弯曲应力进行校核计算.2 变速器方案选择对于某些轿车和货车的变速器,在较好的路面状况和空载行驶时使用超速档。
采用传动比小于1(0。
7~0。
8)的超速档,可以更充分地利用发动机功率,降低单位行驶里程的发动机曲轴总转数。
但在本例中鉴于所设计的车辆为载客型客车,因此最高档设为传动比为1的直接档进行工作。
本设计中采用轴式变速器设计,三轴式变速器如图2所示,其第一轴的常啮合齿轮与第二轴的各档齿轮分别与中间轴的相应齿轮相啮合,且第一、第二轴同心。
在传递动力过程中将第一、第二轴直接连接起来传递扭矩称为直接档,在这种情况下,齿轮、轴承及中间轴均不承载,而第一、第二轴直接传递转矩.直接档的传递效率高,磨损及噪音也最小,这是三轴式变速器优势所在,易于在良好的路况下节约燃油。
其他前进档需依次经过两对齿轮传递转矩。
因此,在齿轮中心距(影响变速器尺寸的重要参数)较小的情况下仍然可以获得大的一档传动比,这是三轴式变速器的另一主要优势。
09款汉兰达自动变速箱使用说明书一、前言汉兰达是丰田汽车旗下的一款中型SUV车型,其09款车型搭载的自动变速箱采用了先进的技术,为驾驶者提供更加舒适和便捷的驾驶体验。
本使用说明书旨在帮助车主更好地了解和使用09款汉兰达的自动变速箱,以确保您的驾驶安全和车辆性能的最佳发挥。
二、自动变速箱的基本原理自动变速箱是一种能够根据车速和车辆负载情况自动选择合适的挡位,并通过液力传动实现换挡的装置。
09款汉兰达的自动变速箱采用了电控技术,通过传感器和控制单元的配合,可以实现更加精准和平稳的换挡操作。
三、自动变速箱的使用方法1. 启动车辆:将车辆点火,踩下刹车踏板,将变速杆拨至“P”挡位,释放刹车踏板,发动机启动后,将变速杆拨至“D”挡位,即可开始行驶。
2. 停车:在停车时,将变速杆拨至“P”挡位,并拉紧手刹。
切记不要将车辆长时间停放在“D”挡位,以免对变速箱造成损害。
3. 加速:在行驶过程中,当需要加速时,轻踩油门,自动变速箱会根据车速和油门踏板的位置自动选择合适的挡位。
请注意,过度踩油门会导致猛烈加速,对车辆和驾驶者安全造成威胁。
4. 减速和刹车:当需要减速或刹车时,松开油门或踩下刹车踏板,自动变速箱会自动降低挡位,以实现平稳的减速和刹车效果。
5. 倒车:在需要倒车时,将变速杆拨至“R”挡位,同时注意观察后方情况,谨慎操作。
四、自动变速箱的保养和注意事项1. 换挡时避免急加急减速:频繁的急加速和急减速会对自动变速箱造成损害,因此在平时的驾驶中应尽量保持平稳的驾驶风格。
2. 定期检查和更换变速箱油:自动变速箱油是保证变速箱正常工作的重要因素,建议按照车辆使用手册的要求进行定期检查和更换。
3. 避免长时间在高速档位行驶:长时间在高速档位行驶会导致自动变速箱过热,对变速箱的寿命造成影响。
在高速行驶时,建议使用定速巡航功能,以减少变速箱的负荷。
4. 注意保持变速箱冷却:在高温环境下或长时间行驶后,应停车休息一段时间,以保持变速箱的正常工作温度。
由中国汽车技术资料信息中心组织有关资深维修专家,经过一年来的精心策划编辑,编制的全新《2013版宇通客车维修手册》,全书3册,现已将在2013年4月份面世,以飨读者。
本维修手册的编制,以全新的版面与目前市场上推广的车型相匹配。
重点介绍了宇通客车维修的基础知识、发动机的工作原理和电气电路维修操作方法、底盘部分的检测与维修,车身机械各部位故障诊断及排除及其附件的保养和检修方法等。
力求通俗易懂,集资料性、全面性、实用性为一体。
达到直观、易懂,更快的掌握该客车的维修技术。
满足广大汽车修理人员合理地对宇通客车进行维护、保养、修理和调整,我们以简明扼要、通俗易懂的语言,将复杂的维修过程,更加简单明了化,通过装配结构图示标记的清晰表述就可以掌握相关总成的重要部件及使用注意事项。
宇通客车维修手册目录出版前言一、发动机部分A、玉柴发动机维修1、YC4G系列柴油机使用维护2、YC6L系列电控国柴油机维护保养3、玉柴国III电控单体泵(威特系统)发动机车辆线束4、玉柴威特单体泵系统整车功能及接口5、玉柴国III电控单体泵(衡阳南岳系统)发动机车辆线束6、玉柴DELPHI单体电控泵系统车辆线束接线图7、玉柴ECU单体泵系统发动机车辆线束说明(配48端子圆形车辆接插件)_8、YC4FA博世共轨电路图(整车+发动机)9、电控柴油机故障诊断仪_南岳系统10、玉柴天然气发动机(ECIEPR)专有零部件使用维护保养11、城市公交车玉柴电控发动机使用与保养12、玉柴EPR系统6M6J4G系列天然气发动机整车电路图13、玉柴发动机常见故障诊断及排除14、玉柴BOSCH共轨系统车辆线束接线图15、BOSCH共轨常见故障排除B、蓝擎WP10系列国III客车用发动机、潍柴燃气发动机维修使用保养和故障排除C、上柴电控发动机维修使用保养D、锡柴国三电控柴油机故障案例、维修使用保养E、康明斯ISDE发动机维修技术二、电气系统1、宇通客车整车电路图、国三客车启动电器图2、宇通客车玉柴德尔福和BOCSH、锡柴、潍柴国三、上柴电控、MAN欧三等电控发动机故障、代码表3、顶架、仪表主、油箱仓体、电瓶仓体、发动机仓体线束装配及密封作业技术4、宇通客车电路工作原理与故障排除5、通客车电控发动机功能检查方法三、空调系统1、郑州科林车用空调维修技术及科林空调故障排除2、科林空调CAN原理图3、松芝BBP-V-DA型空调机与松芝空调故障快速排除4、日本电装空调系统5、宇通客车汽车空调维修技术要点维修四、桥部分1、宇通客车车桥功能、转向桥、驱动后前桥所有维修2、宇通客车主要车型配东风德纳车桥维修技术五、变速箱部分1、宇通DF5S550系列变速箱使用与维修2、綦江齿轮传动变速器qj805-1205使用维修保养3、特尔佳电涡流缓速器系统原理、装配、故障排除4、洛阳凯迈电涡流缓速器维修与保养5、SH1006普通变速箱原理及操纵机构六、动力转向系统七、燃油、燃气供给系统使用与维修保养八、SH1009悬架维修保养及ECAS系统诊断九、离合器结构原理及操纵机构维修十、科密客车ABS防抱死振动系统维修技术十一、宇通UD车型操纵系统使用技术与故障排除方法十二、宇通气制动系统十三、JL80Z转向器十四、其他维修保养技术1、YUTONG客车保养维修常识2、宇通12M客车二级维护技术要点十五、范例:宇通ZK6120HT系列客车全车维修。
ZK6120HT系列客车使用说明书宇通客车郑州宇通客车股份有限公司2004年6月8日、尸■、亠前言尊敬的用户, 感谢您使用宇通客车。
郑州宇通客车股份有限公司拥有亚洲最大的客车生产基地、国家博士后科研工作站和国内客车行业国家一级全自动检测线。
雄厚的研发和生产实力确保了宇通客车具有较高的质量水平。
多年来,宇通客车以其卓越的性能赢得了越来越多的用户的青睐。
ZK6120HT系列客车是我公司针对国内客运市场需求而精心设计生产的高档客车,选用德国MAN公司技术生产的LBC6121高档客车专用底盘,质量和性能成熟可靠。
车身设计则充分体现了“以人为本”的设计理念:造型豪华、气派,内饰典雅、大方;车厢内布置简洁、合理,给人明快、舒畅的视觉享受。
在整车制造程中采用了涨拉粘接蒙皮和自动点焊工艺,极大的提高了车身的平整度和密封性;优质的异型钢材和先进的防锈处理工艺确保了车身的骨架强度和防腐性能。
本说明书介绍了整车装备、操纵系统、主要技术参数、使用方法以及使用注意事项,关于底盘方面更详细的说明请见“客车A55/A82/A83/A85 型后置发动机客车底盘使用手册” 。
若对配套总成的操作要求不太熟悉,请仔细阅读随车提供的相应使用说明书。
尊敬的用户,客车最大性能的发挥很大程度上取决于您对车辆的熟悉和保养维护程度。
我们恳请您在使用客车之前务必对各说明书进行认真的阅读,并严格遵守其中的要求、规定。
为了能给您提供更加优质的服务,我公司设有全国800免费电话,当您在客车使用中遇到问题请及时与我们联系,我们一定会热忱、及时的为您服务。
销售电话:8008836806 服务电话:8008836816欢迎您在使用本说明书的过程中多提宝贵意见和建议。
再次衷心地感谢您承购宇通客车!郑州宇通客车股份有限公司中国•郑州二OO三年四月特别声明尊敬的客户,请在使用该车之前仔细阅读本说明书、LBC6121型后置发动机客车底盘使用手册、保养维修手册和配发的其它总成说明书。
5S-150GP培训资料一.5S-150GP变速器结构特点:1、5S-150GP是全同步器型九档组合式机械变速器,由三轴式定轴传动的主变速器和行星齿轮传动副变速器组成,变速器有九个前进档(其中一个是慢档)和一个倒档。
同步环为钢质材料,摩擦表面采用喷钼技术提高同步器的寿命。
齿轮传动为全斜齿轮或部分斜齿轮传动。
对齿轮齿形进行修形,齿根园角为大圆角。
齿轮材料采用(ZF专用齿轮钢材),热后应力喷丸处理;齿轮加工为磨齿。
上述技术的采用提高了齿轮的强度、降低噪音、增大承载能力。
5S-150GP培训资料2. 旋转轴——拉板——拨叉换档机构,“双H”操纵,可配单杆及各式软轴机构,可气助力换档,换档轻便可靠。
(1).主箱操纵机构(2).副操纵机构变速器3.先进独特的自锁、互锁装置及倒档增压装置。
所有档位共用一个自锁机构,对变速器所有换档档位进行自锁;先进独特的互锁装置对所有不参加换档的换档板进行互锁,确保变速器换档时不会发生挂两档情况。
5S-150GP培训资料4. 主箱为短程同步器,增大了齿宽及承载能力,低档齿宽达到46mm,付箱为宽环同步器,增大了使用寿命;除付箱仍然是049球轴承外,其余各轴全部采用圆锥滚子轴承,传动容量和刚性大幅提高;高低档同步间隙及二轴锥轴承间隙的调整,全部集中到一轴锥轴承处调整,简化了装配,使多档箱变得易于维修,增加了可靠性。
(1). 主箱为短程同步器(2).付箱ZF宽环同步器总成5S-150GP 培训资料5. 变速器可配置本公司生产的各式取力器、分动器和SAE1#或SAE2#推式、拉式离合器壳及附件以及各式电、液缓速器支架。
6. 安装方式变速器前端和发动机直接或分开安装,变速器可左卧、右卧安装。
二.5S-150GP 变速器技术数据标 准 传 动 比型式输入扭矩N.m※慢档 1档 2档3档4档5档6档7档 8档 倒档直接档 1500 13.04 8.48 6.04 4.38 3.43 2.47 1.76 1.28 1.00 11.7超速档15009.736.384.653.432.50 1.851.361.000.7311.7里程表传动比1.545/2.0(可按用户要求加装二级传动装置)总重量 310Kg 干箱加油量13.0升※ 参考值(取决于汽车的类型、技术特性和使用条件)。
CONTINUEDEach time you pull the (right),the transmission shifts to a higher gear.Pull the (left)to downshift.You will see the selected gear number on the instrument panel.When you pull either paddle shifter,the gear position indicator shows you the selected gear number.When you are driving in D position,pulling the either paddle shifter switches from the ordinaryautomatic transmission [drive mode (D)]to the D-paddle shift mode.You can shift the transmission up or down manually with the paddle shifters.Downshifting gives you more power when climbing,and provides engine braking when going down a steep hill.Using the Paddle Shifters in D position (D-Paddle Shift Mode)Driving with the Paddle ShiftersDriving299The transmission downshifts to first gear and returns to drive mode (D)when the vehicle comes to acomplete stop and the vehicle speed is about 6mph (10km/h).The transmission control system monitors the accelerator pedal use and your driving conditions.When you press the accelerator pedal as in the normal driving,the system judges that you are driving at a constant cruising speed without using the paddle shifters.Under these conditions,D-paddle shift mode is canceled,and thetransmission automatically returns to drive mode(D).If there is a problem in thetransmission while you are driving with the paddle shifters,the Dindicator flashes,the D-paddle shift mode is canceled,and thetransmission returns to drive mode (D).The transmission remains in theselected gear if you do not accelerate.When the transmission returns to drive mode (D),the displayed gear number goes out.Each time you pull either paddle shifter,the transmission shifts one gear up or down.If you want to shift up or down more than two gears,pull the paddle shifter twice,pause,and then pull it again.Driving with the Paddle Shifters300When you accelerate from a stop,the transmission starts in first gear,and you must manually upshift between first and fifth gears.Make sure you upshift before the engine speed reaches the tachometer’s red zone.The transmission remains in the selected gear (5,4,3,2,or 1).There is no automatic downshift when you push the accelerator pedal to the floor.When you are driving in 4th or 5th gear,the transmission downshifts to the lower gear under the following conditions:The vehicle slows down to a certain speed.You press the brake pedal.With the shift lever in S position,you can select the sequential shift mode to shift gears;much like a manual transmission using the paddleshifters,but without a clutch pedal.To enter the sequential shift mode,press the release button on the front of the shift lever,move the lever to the S position,then pull either paddle shifter.To cancel the sequential shift mode and return to the ordinary automatic transmission,move the shift lever from S position.When moving the shift lever,be careful not to operate incorrectly.While you are driving in the sequential shift mode,the transmission will notautomatically return to ordinary automatic transmission.CONTINUEDUsing the Paddle Shift in Sposition (Sequential Shift Mode)Driving with the Paddle ShiftersDriving301Downshifting with the paddle shifter allows you to increase the engine braking when going down steep or long hills,and provides more power when climbing uphills.You canupshift the transmission manually to reduce the rpm.Driving in the higher gear helps fuel economy.The transmission also shiftsautomatically as the vehicle comes to a complete stop.It downshifts to first gear when the vehicle speed reaches 6mph (10km/h)or less.The automatic transmission will not allow you to change shift if:You downshift before the engine speed reaches the upper limit of the lower gear.To shift from 21324354Speed range under 29mph (47km/h)under 63mph (100km/h)under 94mph (150km/h)under 114mph (182km/h)Here are the speed ranges for upshifting and downshifting.To shift from 12233445Speed range over 0mph (0km/h)over 8mph (13km/h)over 17mph (27km/h)over 47mph (75km/h)If you try to do this,the gear position indicator will flash the number of the lower gear several times,then return to a higher gear.Driving with the Paddle Shifters302CONTINUEDThe SH-AWD torque distribution monitor on the multi-information display shows you the amount of torque being sent to the wheels.Each wheel:right front (RF),left front (LF),right rear (RR),and left rear (LR),has its own torque indicator.When you are in sequential shift mode,and the vehicle is stopped,pull the (right)paddle shifter to shift to second gear.You will see ‘‘M 2’’in the display.Starting in second gear helps to reduce wheelspin in deep snow or on a slippery surface.The super handling-all wheel drive (SH-AWD)system is a full time all-wheel-drive system thatautomatically controls and transfers varying amounts of engine torque to all wheels independently,according to the driving conditions.While the SH-AWD system helps to enhance the vehicle’s driving stability in all situations,it is still your responsibility to drive and corner at reasonable speeds and to leave a sufficient margin of safety.On RDX with Technology Package modelSH-AWD Torque Distribution MonitorSuper Handling-All Wheel Drive (SH-AWD)systemDriving with the Paddle Shifter,Super Handling-All Wheel Drive (SH-AWD)SystemDrivingStarting in Second Gear303Your vehicle still has normal front-wheel drive with vehicle stability assist (VSA),but does not have the advantages of SH-AWD.Have your vehicle checked by a dealer as soon as possible.If the SH-AWD indicator on the instrument panel stays on,and the ‘‘CHECK SH-AWD SYSTEM’’message also appears on the multi-information display,there is problem with the SH-AWD system.If the SH-AWD indicator blinks while driving,it indicates the differential temperature is too high.You will also see an ‘‘SH-AWD DIFF TEMP HIGH’’message on the multi-information display.If this happens,pull to the side of the road when it is safe,shift to Park,and let the engine idle until the indicator goes out.If the indicator does not go out,take your vehicle to a dealer to have it checked,Each torque indicator is displayed as a bar graph divided into 5segments.The number of segments represents the amount of torque distributed to each wheel.When there is only a slight change in torque distribution while driving,such as cruising on level roads at the same speed,the torque distribution monitor may stop displaying the amount of torque.This is not a system problem.The monitor will show the amount if the system senses any change in torque distribution.Super Handling-All Wheel Drive (SH-AWD)System304Always use the parking brake when you park your vehicle.Make sure the parking brake is set firmly,or your vehicle may roll if it is parked on an incline.If the vehicle is facing uphill,turn the front wheels away from the curb.If the vehicle is facing downhill,turn the front wheels toward the curb.Check the indicator on theinstrument panel to verify that the security system is set.Make sure the parking brake is fully released before driving away.Driving with the parking brake partially set can overheat or damage the rear brakes.Set the parking brake before you put the transmission in Park.This keeps the vehicle from moving and putting pressure on the parking mechanism in the transmission.ParkingDriving305Your vehicle is equipped with disc brakes at all four wheels. A power assist using negative pressure generated by the engine and the electric vacuum pump helps reduce the effort needed on the brake pedal.The anti-lock brake system (ABS)helps you retain steering control when braking very hard.All four brakes have audible brake wear indicators.The hydraulic system that operates the brakes has two separate circuits.Each circuit works diagonally across the vehicle (the left-front brake is connected with the right-rear brake,etc.). If one circuit should develop a problem, you will still have braking at two wheels.If the brake pads need replacing, you will hear a distinctive, metallic screeching sound when you apply the brake pedal. If you do not have the brake pads replaced, they will screech all the time. It is normal for the brakes to occasionally squeal or squeak when you apply them.Resting your foot on the pedal keeps the brakes applied lightly, builds up heat, and reduces their effectiveness.It also keeps your brake lights on all the time, confusing drivers behind you.Constant application of the brakes when going down a long hill builds up heat and reduces their effective-ness. Use the engine to assist the brakes by taking your foot off the accelerator and downshifting to a lower gear.Check your brakes after driving through deep water. Apply the brakes moderately to see if they feel normal. If not, apply them gently and frequently until they do. Be extra cautious and alert in your driving.When the electric vacuum pump is in operation, it makes some mechanical noises come from the engine compartment.This is normal.When you drive in cold weather or thinner air at high altitude,theelectric vacuum pump operates more frequently after the engine is started.For more information about theelectric vacuum pump,see page .396Braking SystemBrake Pad Wear Indicators Braking System Design306The anti-lock brake system (ABS)helps prevent the brakes from locking up, and helps you retain steering control by pumping the brakes rapidly, much faster than a person can do it.The ABS also balances the front-to-rear braking distribution according to vehicle loading.Let the ABS work for you by always keeping firm, steady pressure on the brake pedal. This is sometimes referred to as ‘‘stomp and steer.’’You will feel a pulsation in the brakepedal when the ABS activates, and you may hear some noise. This is normal: it is the ABS rapidly pumping the brakes.On dry pavement, you will need to press on the brake pedal very hard before the ABS activates. However, you may feel the ABS activate immediately if you are trying to stop on snow or ice.comes on, the anti-lock function of the braking systemhas shut down. The brakes still work like a conventional system, but without anti-lock. You should have your dealer inspect your vehicle as soon as possible.You will also see a ‘‘CHECK ABSSYSTEM’’message on the multi-information display (see page ).85You should never pump the brake pedal.On RDX with Technology Package modelCONTINUEDABS IndicatorAnti-lock Brakes (ABS)Driving307If the ABS indicator and the brake system indicator come on together,and the parking brake is fully released, the front-to-rear braking distribution system may also be shut down.Test your brakes as instructed on page .If the brakes feel normal,drive slowly and have your vehicle repaired by your dealer as soon as possible.Avoid sudden hard braking which could cause the rear wheels to lock up and possibly lead to a loss of control.The VSA indicator will come on along with the ABS indicator.It only helps with the steering control during braking.such as trying to take a corner too fast or making a sudden lane change.Always drive at a safe speed for the road and weather conditions.Always steer moderately when you are braking hard.Severe or sharp steering wheel movement can still cause your vehicle to veer into oncoming traffic or off the road.on loose or uneven surfaces,such as gravel or snow,than a vehicle without anti-lock.395Anti-lock Brakes (ABS)Important Safety Reminders ABS does not reduce the time or distance it takes to stop the vehicle.ABS will not prevent a skid that results from changing direction abruptly,ABS cannot prevent a loss of stability.A vehicle with ABS may require a longer distance to stop308。
机械制造工艺学课程设计设计题目设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内装1、零件图一张2、毛坯图一张3、机械加工工艺过程综合卡片一张4、夹具总装图一张5、夹具零件图一张手绘两张cad6、说明书一份工程机械学院25041004班设计者15 王东升指导教师张接信、高琳完成日期2014 年1 月15 日成绩(长安大学)《机械制造工艺学》课程设计说明书设计题目:设计“解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉”零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备设计者:王东升指导教师:高琳长安大学机制教研室2014年1月15日长安大学机械制造工艺学课程设计任务书题目:设计拨叉(CA6140车床)零件的机械加工工艺规程及工艺装备内容:1.零件图1张2.毛坯图1张3.机械加工工艺过程综合卡片1张4.夹具装配图1张5.夹具零件图3张6.课程设计说明书1份班级:25041004班学生:王东升指导教师:高琳教研室主任:张接信2014年1月目录一.序言二.零件的分析(一)零件的作用(二)零件的工艺分析三.工艺规程设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式(二)基面的选择(三)制订工艺路线(四)机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定(五)确定切削用量及基本工时四.夹具设计(一)定位基准的选择(二)切削力及夹紧力计算(三)定位误差分析(四)夹具设计及操作的简要说明五.参考文献一.序言机械制造工艺学课程设计是在大学全部基础课,技术基础课以及大部分专业课完成以后进行的.这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们大学四年的的学习中占有重要地位.就我个人而言,希望能通过这次课程设计对自己即将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练,从中锻炼自己分析问题,解决问题的能力.由于能力有限,设计尚有诸多不足之处,恳请各位老师多多指教.二.零件的分析(一) 零件的作用题目所给定的零件是解放汽车第四速及第五速变速叉,它位于变速箱中,主要重用是拨动变速箱中的齿轮,使汽车达到变速的目的. (二) 零件的工艺分析此变速叉共有两组加工表面,它们之间有一定的位置要求,现分述如下:1.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括:Φ19045.00+mm 孔及其倒角,孔上端尺寸为1624.00+mm 的槽,槽的外侧厚度为10.8mm 的两个侧面, Φ19045.00+mm 孔的上端距其中心12mm 的两个端面,还有孔下端M10的螺纹孔.2.以Φ82.210+mm 孔为中心的加工表面.这组加工表面包括: Φ82.210+mm 的孔及其倒角, Φ82.210+mm 的孔的侧面,距M10螺纹孔中心线63.7mm.这两组加工表面有着一定的位置要求,主要是:Φ82.21+mm孔与其外端面垂直度公差为0.1mm.由以上分析可知,对于这两组加工表面而言,可以先加工其中一组表面,然后借助专用夹具加工另一组表面,并保证他们之间的位置精度要求. 三.工艺规程设计(一)确定毛坯的制造形式零件材料为20钢,零件经常拨动齿轮承受变载荷和冲击性载荷,因此应选用锻件,以使金属纤维尽量不被切断,保证零件工作可靠.因为为大批量生产,且零件的轮廓尺寸不大,故采用模锻成型.这从提高生产率,保证加工精度上考虑,也是应该的.(二)基面的选择基面选择是工艺规程设计中的重要工作之一,它对零件的生产是非常重要的.1.粗基准的选择现选取Φ19045.0+mm孔的外轮廓不加工面作为粗基准,利用一组共两个V形块夹持外轮廓做为主要定位面,以消除自由度.2.精基准的选择主要考虑基准重合的问题,当设计基准与工序基准不重合时,应该进行尺寸换算,这在以后还要专门计算,此处不再重复.(三)制订工艺路线制订工艺路线的出发点,应当是使零件的几何形状,尺寸精度及位置精度的技术要求能得到合理的保证.爱生产纲领已确定为大批量生产的条件下,可以考虑采用万能性机床以及专用夹具,并尽量使工序集中来提高生产率.除此之外,还应当考虑经济效果,以便使生产成本尽量降低. 工艺路线工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位. 工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位.工序Ⅲ 粗铣距Φ19045.00+mm 中心12mm 的两个端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底为基准.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽两端1.5*450倒角.工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔. 工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. 工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角 工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.上述方案主要是以Φ19045.00+mm 孔位基准,来加工1624.00+mm 槽,M10螺纹,槽的两侧面,这样可以修正由于基准不重合造成的加工误差,同时也照顾了加工路线方便的特点,因此最终确定如下:工序Ⅰ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓为粗基准定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅱ 粗铣1624.00+mm 槽的两侧面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔的外轮廓以及距槽底32mm 的面为基准,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅲ 粗铣Φ19045.00+mm 孔上端两端面,以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅳ 1624.00+mm 槽1.5*450倒角,选用C620-1车床及专用夹具.工序Ⅴ 钻铰Φ19045.00+mm 孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及端面定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅵ 钻距槽(1624.00+mm)12mm 底面M10螺纹孔并倒角.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽底定位,选用Z5125立式钻床及专用夹具.工序Ⅶ 攻螺纹M10.工序Ⅷ 粗铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序Ⅸ 粗镗Φ81.710+mm 孔.以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅹ 精镗Φ82.210+mm 孔. .以Φ19045.00+mm 孔及1624.00+mm 槽为基准,选用T740双面卧式金刚镗床及专用夹具.工序Ⅺ Φ82.210+mm 孔1*450倒角.选用C620-1型车床及专用夹具. 工序Ⅻ 精铣Φ82.210+mm 孔的两端面. 以Φ19045.00+mm 孔定位,选用XA6132型万能升降台铣床及专用夹具.工序ⅩⅢ 终检.(四) 机械加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸确定.“变速叉”零件材料为20钢,毛坯重量约1.5Kg,生产类型为大批量生产,采用锻锤上合模锻毛坯.根据上述资料及加工工艺,分别确定各加工表面的机加工余量,工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸如下:1. 1624.00+mm 槽参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表 3.1-56,因为其公差等级太低,可直接铣.2. 槽的侧面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56,其加工余量Z=2mm.3. Φ19045.00+mm 孔的两个上端面参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.4. Φ82.210+mm 孔的两侧面,铣削公差-0.22mm.参照<<机械加工工艺手册>>表3.1-56, 其加工余量Z=2mm.精铣余量:单边0.7mm(见<<工艺设计手册>>表8-31),铣削余量:Z=2.0-0.7=1.3mm,锻件偏差3.15.0+-mm 。