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高中英语重点语法网络图表英语常用的句型结构1、S + vi2、S + link verb + predicative3、S + vt +o4、S + vt + o (间接) + o (直接)5、S +vt+ o + o c6、There be + s + …句子的成分1. 主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
注意：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型。
2. 谓语—说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
3. 表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。
它的位置在系动词后面。
*注意区别：My job is teaching.(teaching 为表语) 与I am teaching now.(am teaching 为谓语)4. 宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
5. 状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。
6. 定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。
形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。
因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
简单句、并列句、复合句1. 简单句句型：主语+谓语只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。
2. 并列句句型：简单句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简单句*由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。
树形图详细讲解1.Indicat.th.categor.o.eac.wor.i.th.followin.sentences.a) The old lady suddenly left.Det A N Qual Vb) The car stopped at the end of the road.Det N V P Det N P Det Nc) The snow might have blocked the road.Det N Aux Aux V Det Nd) He never appears quite mature.N Qual V Deg A2.Th.followin.phrase.includ..head..plement.an..specifier.Dra.th.appropriat.tre. structur.fo.each.a) full of peopleAPA P Nfull of peopleb) a story about a sentimental girlNPNP PPDet N P NPDet A Na story about a sentimental girlc) often read detective storiesVPQual V NPA Noften read detective storiesd) the argument against the proposalsNPNP PPDet N P NPDet Nthe argument against the proposalse) move towards the windowVPV PPP Det Nmove towards the window3.Dra.phras.structur.tree.fo.eac.o.th.followin.sentences.a) The jet landed.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet N Pst VThe jet landedb) Mary became very ill.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPN Pst V APDeg AMary became very illc) What will you talk about?CPNP C SN Infl NP Infl VPVP NPV P NWhat will you e talk about eSNP VPDet N Aux V NPDet NThe apple might hit the manORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet N V NPDet NThe apple might hit the mane) He often reads detective stories.SNP VPN Qual V NPA NHe often reads etective storiesORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPPresN Qual V NPA NHe often reads etective stories4.Th.followin.sentence.contai.modifier.o.variou.types.Fo.eac.sentence.firs.iden tif.th.modifier(s).the.dra.th.tre.structures.a) A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst V NPDet A NA frightened passenger landed the crippled airplaneb) A huge moon hung in the black sky.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst V PPP NPDet A NA huge moon hung in the black skyc) An unusual event occurred before the meeting.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst V PPP NPDet NAn unusual event occurred before the meetingd) A quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A NP Pst V PPA N P NPDet A NA quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill5.Th.followin.sentence.al.contai.conjoine.categories.Dra..tre.structur. fo.eac.o.th.sentences.a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.InflP(=S)NP VPN Aux V NPDet A NPN CON NJim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsORInflP(=S)NP VPN Infl V NPDet A NPN CON NJim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsb) Helen put on her clothes and went out.SNP VPN VP CON VPVP NP V AdvV P Det NHelen put on her clothes and went outORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPN Pst VP CON VPVP NP V AdvV P Det NHelen put on her clothes and went outc) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.SNP VPN VP CON VPVP NP VP NPV A P N V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics ORInflP(=S)NP Infl VPN Pres VP CON VPVP NP VP NPV A P N V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statisticsd) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.SS CON SNP VP NP VPDet N V Adv Det A N V AdvThe detective went out and the mysterious man came ine) Crusoe knows that spring will e and the snow will melt.SNP VPCPN V C SS CON SNP VP NP VPN Aux V Det N Aux V Crusoe knows that spring will e and the snow will melt6.Th.followin.sentence.al.contai.embedde.clause.tha.functio.a.plement.o..verb.a .adjective..prepositio.o..noun.Dra..tre.structur.fo.eac.sentence.a) You know that I hate war.SNP VPCPN V C SNP VPN V NPNYou know that I hate warOR CPC InflP(=S)NP Infl VPCPN Pres V C SNP VPN V NP NYou know that I hate warb) He said that Tom asked whether the class was over.SNP VPCPN V C SNP VPCPN V C SNP VPDet N VL AHe said that Tom asked whether the class was overc) Gerry can’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.SNP VPN VP NPCPAux Neg V NP C SDet N NP VPN V NPDet A NGerry can not believe the fact thatAnna flunked the English examd) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.SNP VPCPN VL A C SNP VPDet N V NP NPN Det NChris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Roycee) The children argued over whether bats had wings.SNP VPCPDet N VP C SV P NP VPN V NPNThe children argued over whether bats had wings7.Eac.o.th.followin.sentence.contain..relativ.clause.Dra.th.dee.structur.an.th.surfac.structur.tree.fo.eac.o.th.sentences.a) The essay that he wrote was too long.Deep structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V AP C S Deg P NP Infl VPN V NPNThe essay he wrote that was too longSurface StructureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V AP C S Deg PNP NP Infl VPN N Pst V NPNThe essay that he wrote e was too longb) The dog that he keeps bites.Deep structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V C Infl SPres NP VPN V NPNThe dog he keeps that bitesSurface StructureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V C SNP NP Infl VPN N Pres V NPNThe dog that he keeps e bitesc) Herbert found the man she loved.Deep structureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPCPDet N C SNP Infl VPNPN VNHerbert found the man she loved whoSurface StructureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPCPDet N SCNP Infl VPNP NPN VN NHerbert found the man (whom) she loved ed) The girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.Deep structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V PPP NPC Infl SNNP VPPPN Qual VP NPV P NThe girl he often quarrels with whom majors in linguisticsSurface StructureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V PPP NPC SNNP NP Infl VPPPN N Qual VP NPV P NThe girl whom he often quarrels with e majors in linguistics8.Th.derivation.o.th.followin.sentence.involv.th.inversio.transformation.Giv.th .dee.structur.an.th.surfac.structur.tree.fo.eac.o.thes.sentences.a) Would you e tomorrow?Deep structureCPC SVPNP AdvPN Infl V Advyou would e tomorrowSurface structureCPC SVPNP AdvPInflN Infl V Advwould you e e tomorrowb) Can you pass me the newspaper?Deep structureCPC SVPNP NP NPN Infl V N Det Nyou can pass me the newspaperSurface structureCPC SVPInfl NP NP NPN Infl V N Det N Can you e pass me the newspaperc) Should the students report the incident?Deep structureCPC SVPNP NPDet N Infl V Det Nthe students should report the incidentSurface structureCPC SVPInfl NP NPDet N Infl V Det Nd) What did you eat for lunch?Deep structureCPC SVPNP PPNP NPN Infl V PN Nyou did eat what for lunchSurface structureCPNP C SVPInfl NP PPNP NPN N Infl V PN Ne) Who should this be reported to ?Deep structureCPC SVPNP PPVP NPN Infl V V PNthis should be reported to whomSurface structureCPNP C SVPN Infl NP PPVP NPN Infl V V PNwhom should this e be reported to ef) What was Helen bringing to the party?Deep structureCPC SVPNP PPNP NPN Infl V PN Det NHelen was bringing what to the partySurface structureCPNP C SVPN Infl NP PPNP NPN Infl V PN Det Nwhat was Helen e bringing e to the。
