考研英语阅读历年真题常见短语汇总.

考研英语作文常用词汇1. Innovation - 创新- 常用短语：foster innovation, drive innovation,innovative thinking2. Sustainability - 可持续性- 常用短语：sustainable development, sustainable practices, promote sustainability3. Globalization - 全球化- 常用短语：global economy, cultural globalization, impact of globalization4. Technology - 技术- 常用短语：advancements in technology, technological revolution, embrace technology5. Education - 教育- 常用短语：quality education, lifelong learning, educational reforms6. Environment - 环境- 常用短语：environmental protection, ecological balance, environmental awareness7. Economy - 经济- 常用短语：economic growth, economic stability, economic downturn8. Cultural Diversity - 文化多样性- 常用短语：celebrate diversity, cultural exchange, cultural heritage9. Health - 健康- 常用短语：public health, mental health, health care system10. Equality - 平等- 常用短语：gender equality, social equality, equal opportunities11. Responsibility - 责任- 常用短语：take responsibility, sense of responsibility, personal responsibility12. Cooperation - 合作- 常用短语：international cooperation, cooperative efforts, spirit of cooperation13. Challenge - 挑战- 常用短语：face challenges, overcome challenges, pose a challenge14. Opportunity - 机会- 常用短语：seize opportunities, create opportunities, opportunities for growth15. Influence - 影响- 常用短语：have an influence on, exert influence, far-reaching influence16. Ethics - 伦理- 常用短语：ethical considerations, ethical dilemmas, moral responsibility17. Freedom - 自由- 常用短语：personal freedom, freedom of speech, freedom of choice18. Conflict - 冲突- 常用短语：resolve conflicts, conflict resolution, source of conflict19. Progress - 进步- 常用短语：make progress, progress towards, indicator of progress20. Tradition - 传统- 常用短语：respect tradition, traditional values, preserve tradition21. Security - 安全- 常用短语：national security, personal security, job security22. Integration - 整合- 常用短语：cultural integration, integration of resources, integrate into society23. Diversity - 多样性- 常用短语：diverse backgrounds, embrace diversity, diversity of thought24. Quality - 质量- 常用短语：high quality, quality of life, maintain quality25. Efficiency - 效率- 常用短语：efficient methods, improve efficiency, time-efficient这些词汇和短语在考研英语作文中非常常见，它们可以帮助你构建有深度和广度的论点，使你的写作更加丰富和有说服力。

考研英语阅读理解常考词汇总结太奇考研—朱泰祺1.表达作者态度的常考词语amazed 感到惊讶的；amazing令人惊讶的；ambiguous模棱两可的；approved 公认的；approving赞许的；arbitrary武断的；bewildering (=puzzling) 令人迷惑的；biased (=pr ejudiced)有偏见的，偏心的；critical持批评态度的；depressed 感到沮丧的；depressing 令人沮丧的；depressive 压抑的，忧愁的；disappointed(=dismayed, frustrated)感到失望的；disappointing令人失望的；doubtful怀疑的，拿不稳的；dubious有问题的，靠不住的，值得怀疑的，犹豫不决的；enthusiastic 热情的；gloomy沮丧的，忧愁的, hostile 敌对的；humorous 幽然的；identical 相同的；impartial(=detached，neutral, even-handed)公平的，不偏不倚的，公正的，没有偏见的；indifferent漠不关心的，满不在乎的；indign ant (对不公平) 愤慨的；ironic 讽刺的；merciful 宽容的，仁慈的；negative否定的，消极的，反面的；neutral中立的，不偏不倚的；objectionable引起反对的，令人反感的；o bjective客观的；opposed反对的；opposite 对立的；optimistic乐观的；outraged 气愤的；partial 不公平的；perplexed 感到困惑的；pessimistic 悲观的, positive肯定的，正面的；prejudiced有偏见的；puzzled感到困惑的；puzzling令人困惑的；radical激进的，极端的；resentful 表示怨恨的；reserved 有保留的，内向的；reserved consent 有保留的同意；respectable 可敬的，高尚的；respectful 充满敬意的，有礼貌的；rival (=compe titive) 竞争的；scared惊恐的，恐慌的, sensible 明智的，通情达理的；sensitive敏感的, skeptical 怀疑的；slight contempt 稍有蔑视；subjective主观的；supportive 支持的，su spicious可疑的，疑心的, sympathetic同情的；tentative试探性的。

考研英语高频出现的短语考研英语高频出现的短语牢记考研英语中的高频短语对于考研英语阅读理解、完形填空等都大有裨益。

以下是店铺搜索整理一份考研英语高频短语，欢迎大家阅读!考研英语高频短语一1. be glad to (do)乐于(做)，对……感到高兴;[例句]I'll be glad to show you everything.我将很乐意向你们展示一切。

2. be good for值得，有效;利于;[例句]They argued all the time and thought it couldn't be good for the baby.他们一直在争论，认为这对孩子肯定不好。

3. be grateful to感激;感谢;[例句]We should be grateful to them, they found us a happy ending.我们该感激他们，给我们找了个美满的结局。

4. be identified as被识别为…，被确认为…;[例句]Returned intermediates or APIs should be identified as such and quarantined.退回的原料药和中间体应当作有标志，并隔离。

5. be independent of无关;[例句]Your questions should be independent of each other.你的问题应该彼此无关。

6. be indispensable for对...必不可少;[例句]A good dictionary be indispensable for learning a foreign language.学习外语离不开好的.词典7. be interested in对…感兴趣;关心;[例句]I thought she might be interested in Paula's proposal.我觉得她对葆拉的提议可能会感兴趣。

考研英语历年真题短语总结短语是英语语言中的重要组成部分，掌握短语是提高英语能力的关键之一。

尤其是在考研英语中，熟练使用各种短语可以有效地提高答题的准确性和流畅性。

为了帮助考生更好地备考，本文将总结历年考研英语真题中常见的短语，并提供相关的解释和例句。

1. take advantage of解释：利用例句：We should take advantage of every opportunity to learn new things.2. make progress解释：取得进步例句：After months of hard work, she finally made significant progress in her studies.3. play a crucial role解释：起关键作用例句：Education plays a crucial role in shaping a person's future.4. give rise to解释：引起例句：His careless actions gave rise to a series of problems.5. have a profound impact on解释：对...产生深远影响例句：The invention of the internet has had a profound impact on people's lives.6. be equipped with解释：配备有例句：The new laboratory is equipped with the latest technology.7. be confronted with解释：面临例句：In today's society, many young people are confronted with various challenges.8. result in解释：导致例句：The heavy rain resulted in severe flooding in the area.9. give priority to解释：优先考虑例句：When making decisions, we should always give priority to the needs of the disadvantaged.10. be characterized by解释：以...为特点例句：The city is characterized by its rich cultural heritage.11. put forward解释：提出例句：He put forward a new proposal at the meeting.12. take into account解释：考虑到，顾及例句：When making plans, we should take into account the needs of everyone involved.13. adapt to解释：适应例句：In order to succeed, we must learn to adapt to changes in our environment.14. contribute to解释：对...有贡献例句：His research has greatly contributed to the field of medicine.15. be associated with解释：与...有关联例句：Stress is often associated with various health problems.16. be linked to解释：与...有联系例句：Poor diet and lack of exercise are linked to obesity.17. take measures解释：采取措施例句：The government should take measures to protect the environment.18. bring about解释：引起例句：The new policy will bring about significant changes in the education system.19. give credit to解释：归功于例句：She gave credit to her team for the success of the project.20. have access to解释：有机会接触到例句：With the internet, people now have easy access to information from all over the world.通过对历年考研英语真题中的短语总结，我们可以看出，在考研英语中掌握常用的短语是非常重要的。

考研英语短语大全2145个pdf 考研英语短语大全2145个.pdf随着全球化的快速发展，英语作为国际通用语言的地位日益重要。

对于考研生来说，具备良好的英语语言能力几乎是必不可少的条件。

而熟练运用各种常用短语更是提高英语表达能力的关键之一。

本文将为大家提供一份详尽的考研英语短语大全，包含了2145个常用短语，并附有相应的PDF文件，供广大考研生学习使用。

一、日常生活短语1. How are you? - 你好吗？2. What's up? - 有什么事吗？3. I'm fine, thank you. And you? - 我很好，谢谢。

你呢？4. Nice to meet you. - 很高兴见到你。

5. Have a nice day! - 祝你愉快！6. What do you do? - 你是做什么的？7. How old are you? - 你多大了？8. Where are you from? - 你来自哪里？9. Can you help me, please? - 请你帮帮我，好吗？10. Sorry, I can't. - 对不起，我帮不了你。

二、学术研究短语11. According to the research, - 根据研究12. It is widely believed that, - 广泛认为13. The results indicate that, - 结果表明14. The findings suggest that, - 结果表明15. A considerable amount of evidence shows that, - 大量证据显示16. In conclusion, - 总结来说17. The data supports the hypothesis that, - 数据支持假设18. The research demonstrates that, - 研究表明19. The study highlights the importance of, - 研究强调了……的重要性20. The study provides valuable insights into, - 研究对……提供了有价值的洞察三、社交活动短语21. Would you like to join us? - 你想加入我们吗？22. Could you please pass me the salt? - 请你把盐递给我好吗？23. Cheers! - 干杯！24. It's a pleasure to meet you. - 很高兴见到你。

考研备考：近20年英语真题涉及短语盘点1990年：be determined by 由…所决定;have something to do with 与…有关;be central to sth. 是…的核心;in contrast/by contrast 与此相反;be due to 由于(常做表语);be deprived of 被剥夺;respond to 对…作出反应;as the basis of 依据/根据;be born with 天生具有;10. In contrast 相比之下1991年：shut off 关上，停止，切断; in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何; in no case 决不;or so 大概，大约;at the rate of 以…的速率;take time 花费时间;be likely to 可能;倾向于;result in 导致;not nearly 远不能;远非;head into 走向;陷入(危机);in the matter of 关于;就…而言;make…possible 使…成为可能;combine…with 把……和…结合起来;加上;in the fashion of 以…方式;24. such…as 像…一样1992年：refer to…提到;谈到;agreement on 一致意见;be comparable to 和…相当;犹如;in terms of 根据;按照;在…方面;on the whole 总体来说;大体上看;draw a conclusion 得出结论; have the attitude towards 对…的态度;only if 只要;the same…as 与…一样;by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏1993年：nothing but 只不过是;by means of 通过;借助于;by the help of 通过…的帮助;in a sort of sense 从某种意义上来说;manage to do sth. 设法做到;extract …from 从……提炼出;out of…起源;来源;根据;build up 建立;树立;by no means 绝不;be compared with 与……相比;a sort of 某种;set…… in motion 开始;;differ in…在…方面不同;go through 经历;经受;仔细检查;in the one case =on the one hand;in the course of the day=during the day;a train of=a series of=an array of=a variety of1994年：revolve around 围绕…转; 以…为中心;not so much…as 与其说…不如说…;because of 由于;move forward 向前发展;in short 简而言之;总之;as we call it 我们所谓的;the reach of science 科学能够到达的范围;a series of一系列;over the years 多年以来;turn…on…转向，朝向;rather than 而不是;at the expense of=at the cost of 以…为代价;vice versa 反之亦然;depend on 取决于;driving force 驱动力1995年：social inequality 社会不公;68. in doing sth 在...过程中;69. divert...from 把...从...转移;70. lie with 取决于;在于;71. be validated by 被...验证/证实;72. whether...or 是......还是;73. depend upon...and on 取决于...还取决于 (74)depend upon…and upon 取决于…还取决于…;75. such…as 例如，象这种的;76. in general 通常;大体上;一般而言;77. for example 比如;78. compensate for 补偿;赔偿;79. underprivileged youngster 贫困的/下层社会的年轻人;80. grow up 长大;81. under…circumstances在…环境下1996年：be results of 由于...;83. social needs 社会需求;84. to some extent 在一定程度上;85. come to the conclusion 得出结论;86. make demand of 对...提出要求;87. scientific establishment 科研机构;88. in detail 详细地;89. a certain amount of 一定数量的;90. not related to...与...没有关系;91. immediate goals 当前目标;92. be unable to do 不能够 (93)in principle 原则上;基本上;一般而言;94. deal with 应付;解决;处理;95. new forms of thought 新的思维方式;96. as well as 和;97. new subjects for thought 新的思维对象/内容;98. in the past 过去;99. give rise to sth 导致;引起;使…产生1997年：scoial contract 社会合同;101. an agreed account of 共识;102. human rights 人权103. leads ……to 导致;104. at the outset 从一开始，开始的时候;105. invite sb. to do sth. 使某人认为;106. duties and entitlements 权利和义务;107. extend to 给与;108. no…at all. 根本不是;109. arguing from the view that…以…的角度看;110. different from……与…不同;111. in every relevant respect 在所有相关的方面;112. in action 起作用;113. laugh at 嘲笑1998年：114. even more important 更重要的是;115. be able to 能够;116. look into 洞察;观察;117. put forward 放出;拿出;提出;118. work with 与…共事/合作;起作用;119. close in on 接近，差不多;120. as expected 正如预期的;121. a refinement of 一种更为完美的1999年：as...as...和...一样;123. conform to 符合;遵照;124. see...as 把...看作;125. less...and more 与其说...不如说 (126)intellectual discipline 知识学科;127. whether…or 是…还是…;128. refer to 指代…;129. peculiar to …特有的;130. appropriate to 适合的;恰当的;131. apply to 适合于;存在于;132. view…as 把…看成;把…当成;133. equate… with 把…等同于…;认为…是2000年：speclialized scientists 专家;135. centralized control 中央控制;136. under… conditions 在…条件下;137. such as 比如;138. it is obvious that 很明显…;139. be bound up with 与…联系在一起;与…有关系;140. be directly bound up with 与…直接相关;141. in turn 依此;轮流;又;142. rest upon…取决于;143. of all kinds 所有种类的…;144. owing to 由于;145. be exposed to sth. 暴露于;接触到;146. be forced to do sth. 被迫做…;147. for the reasons given above 由于上述原因;148. far-reaching 意义深远的;影响很大的;149. spread over 遍布;覆盖;150. arise from 由…产生的;由…带来的;151. migration movement 人口流动;152. modern means of transport 现代交通手段;153. population explosion 人口爆炸2001年：pollution monitor 污染监测器;155. digital age 数字时代;156. be regarded as…被当成是;157. piece together 拼合;汇聚;综合 158. hundreds of 数以百计的;159. around the world 全世界;160. key breakthroughs and discoveries 重大突破与发现;161. take place 发生;162. point out 指出;163. lead to 导致;164. home appliances家用电器;165. result in 导致;166. man-machine integration 人机一体化2002年：167. behavior science 行为科学;168. human nature 人性;169. natural selction 自然选择;170. a little more than a hundred yeras 一百多年：171. what is called 所谓的;172. trace…to…从…寻找根源;从…研究;173. state of mind 心态;174. and so on 诸如此类;175. partly because…and partly because…部分是因为…部分是因为…;176. be held responsible for…被认为应该对…负责;177. be given credit for…为…受到称赞;178. with it 随之2003年：179. cross-cultrual perspective 跨文化的角度;180. concrete research 具体研究;181. subject…to…使…服从于;182. in… manner 以…方式;用…方法;183. seek to 力图;试图;设法;184. combined with 加上;连同;185. bring to 加进;使用;采用;186. define…as…把…定义为;187. makes…possible 使…成为可能2004年：188. language and thought 语言和思维;189. have some connections with…与…有联系;;190. take root 生根;被牢固树立;191. be obliged to sb. 感激某人;192. die out 灭绝;193. so…that…如此…以至于;194. accuse sb. of…指责某人干某事;195. be interested in doing sth. 对…感兴趣;196. come to 开始;逐渐;进而;197. believe in 相信;198. a sort of 某种的;199. habitual thought 习惯思维;200. grammatical pattern 语法结构2005年：publishing houses 出版社;202. as elsewhere 像其他地方一样;203. bring together 使联合;使团结;204. in relation to 有关;205. one another/each other 互相;206. out of…在…当中;207. make up 组成;208. no less than 多达;不少于;209. take a loss 亏损;210. deal with 对付;处理;211. on such a scale 如此规模的;212. it is no exaggeration to say…毫不夸张地说;213. the connecting fabric of the Old Continent 欧洲大陆的联系网络/把欧洲大陆连成一个整体2006年：214. define…as…把…定义为;215. elect…as 把…当作;216. be analogous to…与…类似;与…相似;216.contribute to…有助于;217. be charged with…承担…;负责…;218. dedicate…to…把…献给…;把…用于…;219. make reflections on…对…进行思考;220. rules of conduct 行为准则;221. moral code 道德标准;223. moral judgments 道德判断;224. not…any but=noting but;225. more than 不只是2007年：226. special preserve 特殊权利;227. intellectual equipment 知识才能;228. everyday realities 日常现实;229. on a daily basis 每天;230. established conventions and special responsibilities 已有传统和特殊责任;231. a clear grasp/command of…对…的清晰领会;232. leagal learning 法律学习;234. link…to 把…同…联系起来;235. be parallel to 类似于;236. on a daily basis 每天;237. established conventions 既定惯例2008年：238. enable…to…使…能够;239. be superior to 优于; be inferior to 劣于;240. succeed with 在方面取得成功;241. well-founded 有说服力的;242. no power of reasoning 推理能力;243. the common run of men 普通人;244. moral character 道德品质;245. be injurious to 对...有害。

近十年考研英语真题常见超实用444组短语速度收藏1.abide by （=be faithful to; obey）忠于；遵守。

2.be absent from…缺席，不在3.absence or mind （=being absent-minded）心不在焉4.absorb （=take up the attention of）吸引…的注意力（被动语态）：be absorbed in全神贯注于…近：be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on5.（be）abundant in （be rich in; be well supplied with）富于，富有6.access （to）（不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解7.by accident （=by chance, accidentally）偶然地，意外。

Without accident （=safely）安全地，8.of one's own accord （=without being asked; willingly; freely）自愿地，主动地9.in accord with与…一致。

out of one's accord with同…不一致10.with one accord （=with everybody agreeing）一致地11.in accordance with （=in agreement with）依照，根据12.on one's own account 1）为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2）（=at one's own risk）自行负责3）（=by oneself）依靠自己on account赊账；on account of因为；on no account 不论什么原因也不；of …account有……重要性。

考研英语：阅读真题常见词汇考研英语：阅读真题常见词汇一、网络通信类1. Datebase 数据库2. date bit 数据位3. search agent 搜索代理；搜寻代理商；检索代理；代人；搜寻引擎4. interactive 交互式的5. key in 键入6. post 粘贴，帖子7. keyword 【关键词】：^p8. repeated viste 回访9. match 匹配项10. electronics电子学；电子学应用，电子器件11. telemunication 电信；电通信12. research productivity 研发才能13. electronic mail ____14. teleconference 远程会议15. distant conference site远程会议站16. sharing of information 信息共享17. microprocessor 微处理器18. transistor circuit 晶体管电路19. semiconductor 半导体20. electrify 电气化二、信息技术类1. multimedia多媒体2. multimedia learning system多媒体学习系统3. access time存取时间4. anti-virus programs杀毒软件5. assembler 汇编程序；汇编语言6. bar code条形码7. beeper传呼机8. buffer storage缓冲存储器9. call instruction呼叫指令10. cellular手机11. sat通讯卫星12. cordless telephone无绳13. cursor光标14. cyber crimes网上犯罪15. cyberspace电脑空间，网络世界，通讯、信息空间16. desktop台式计算机17. digital television数字电视18. electronic hearing aid电子助听器19. encryption加密20. fast-forward放录像带等时的快进21. fiber optic technology光纤技术22. firewall防火墙23. flat panel display平板显示技术24. floppy disk软盘25. geic engineering基因工程26. hacker黑客27. identifier标识符28. intelligent system智能系统29. intra内联网30. IT-industry信息产业31. jumbotran 〔电视机的〕超大屏幕32. know-how 〔技术〕窍门33. laser激光34. long-distance educational35. system远程教育系统36. microprocessor微处理机37. miniputer小型计算机38. modem调制解调器39. surfed网虫三、政治法律类1. parliament 国会，议会2. house of mons 下议院3. parliamentary debates 议会辩论4. self-evident principle 不言自明的法那么5. CIA〔central Intelligence agency)美国中央情报局6. verdict 陪审团的判决7. arbiter 仲裁者8. validity 有效性，合法性9. period terminate 截止日期10. suspension 中止，悬而未决11. in-house counsel 内部法律参谋12. citizenry 公民，国民13. basic right 根本权利14. privilege 特权15. higher up 上级，大人物16. elitism 出色人物统治论，精英论17. spymaster 组织首脑18. self-governing 自治的.，自我管理的19. espionage 活动四、地理天文类1. land mass 大陆块2. hemisphere 半球3. gravitation 地心引力4. solar system 太阳系5. natural phenomenon 自然现象6. drastic experiment 深度实验7. external result 外力作用的结果8. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳9. photosynthesis 光合作用10. ozone layer 臭氧层11. atmosphere pressure 气压12. air current 气流13. water vapor 水蒸汽14. saturation 饱和15. tidal wave 潮汐16. hot spot 热点17. ice cap 冰冠18. ice sheet 冰盾19. Ice age 冰河世纪20. light year 光年21. galaxy 星系22. cluster 星云23. detector 探测器24. space shuttle 宇宙飞船25. space exploration 宇宙勘探26. vertical flight 垂直飞行27. decibel 分贝28. velocity 速率29. inertia 惯性五、生物医学类1. evolution 进化2. evolutionary theory 进化论3. ariation 变异，变种4. gene 基因5. natural selection 物竞天择6. submicroscopic 亚微观的7. biomedical 生物医学的8. molecular biology 分子生物学9. epidemic 流行病10. cataract 白内障11. shot 皮下注射12. depressant 镇静剂13. mortality 死亡率14. sulfuric acid 硫酸15. bypass 替代管16. vaccine疫苗17. immunization 使免疫18. simple sugar 单糖19. tissue 组织20. hip 股骨21. nervous system 神经系统22. central nervous system中枢神经系统23. surgeon 外科医师24. physician 内科医师25. therapy 治疗26. clinical 临床的27. symptom 病症，征兆28. physical addiction 生理上瘾29. psychological disorder 心理失调30. psychological test 心理测试。

考研英语短语大全2145个短语在英语学习中发挥着重要的作用，它们能够帮助我们更准确、更自然地表达自己的意思。

尤其对于考研英语的备考而言，掌握一些常用的短语将有助于提高写作和口语水平。

本文将为大家总结并分享2145个常用的考研英语短语大全，供大家参考和学习。

一、表示原因和结果的短语1. As a result of –作为...的结果2. Due to –由于3. Because of –因为4. Consequently –因此，结果5. Therefore –因此6. As a consequence of –由于...的结果示例句：Due to the heavy rain, the football match was postponed.二、表示观点和看法的短语1. In my opinion –在我看来2. From my perspective –从我的角度来看3. As far as I'm concerned –就我而言4. Personally speaking –就个人而言5. It seems to me that –在我看来示例句：In my opinion, studying abroad can broaden one's horizons and enhance one's language skills.三、表示比较和对比的短语1. In comparison –相比之下2. In contrast –对比之下3. On the one hand...on the other hand –一方面...另一方面4. Similarly –同样地5. Likewise –同样地示例句：In contrast to traditional teaching methods, online courses offer more flexibility and convenience.四、表示时间和顺序的短语1. First and foremost –首先2. Secondly –第二3. Lastly –最后4. Meanwhile –同时5. In the meantime –与此同时6. Eventually –最终示例句：First and foremost, we need to address the issue of climate change.五、表示解释和举例的短语1. For example –例如2. Such as –诸如3. In other words –换句话说4. That is to say –也就是说5. To illustrate –为了举例说明示例句：Many renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are environmentally friendly.六、表示强调和总结的短语1. Above all –首先2. In conclusion –结论3. To sum up –总结4. All in all –总而言之5. Last but not least –最后但并非最不重要示例句：Above all, we must take immediate action to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the impact of climate change.七、表示让步和转折的短语1. Despite –尽管2. In spite of –尽管3. However –然而4. On the contrary –相反地5. Nevertheless –然而，不过示例句：Despite the challenges, I believe that with determination and hard work, we can achieve our goals.这些常用的考研英语短语将有助于提高大家的英语表达能力和写作水平。

历年考研英语真题中的重要短语和搭配1.表逻辑关系as long as 只要既然as well 也，还有due to sth/sb由于；因为for the sake of 为了……起见in spite of 虽然，尽管in the interest(s) of sth 为了let alone 不管；更不用说not least 特别；尤其on the ground of/that 以……为理由；以……为借口put it another way 换句话说regardless of 不管，不顾result from 由……引起result in 引起，导致；以……为结局rather than 宁愿；与其……倒不如……with/in regard of 对于，就……而言with respect to 关于，对于2.其他字母aa mass of (常指混乱的)一群人，一堆人或物a minority of 少数a piece of cake 小菜一碟according to 根据，按照adhere to 坚持，遵守allow for 考虑到，估计到anything less than 绝非at a loss 困惑，不知所措at random 随意的，胡乱地，任意地at risk 有危险，冒风险attend to 处理，照料at the end of the day 当一切都好了的时候at will 任意，随意account for sth 解释说明；（数量上，比例上）占attach importance to sth 重视字母bback up 支援，支持back-and-forthing 来回，往返，喻指言辞闪烁beat sb to the punch 抢先下手bed down 换个（不常睡觉的）地方睡觉be far removed from sth 与……大相径庭，与……毫不相干behind the scenes 在后台，在幕后；秘密地，隐蔽地be supposed to do sth/be sth （按习惯，规定等）应当，该，须box office 售票处；票房bring in sth 赚的buy up 全部（或尽量）买下某物；收购by a wide/large/narrow etc margin 以较大的优势或悬殊/以微弱多数by and large 大体上，总体上，总的来说，一般来说build on sth 在……的基础上发展字母ccall sb/sth up 使回忆起，使想起come in 在……中起作用come out 公开表明（同意或不同意）come up with 找到（答案），想出（主意）；拿出（一笔钱等）comply with 遵从，服从，顺从count on sb/sth 依赖，依靠，指望（某人做某事）；确信（某事会发生）cry out against （对某事，如行为等）表示强烈抗议或不满cut across 超越（分界），影响（不同群体等）；抄近路穿过字母ddo/go the rounds （消息，传言等）迅速传开，不胫而走dream sth up 凭空想出，虚构出（尤指荒诞不经的事）drop out （因对传统的道德观和价值观不再抱幻想而）退出习俗社会，逃避现实字母e~fembark on(upon) sth 着手，开始（新的或艰难的事情）fair play 按规则比赛；公平办事for the most part 多半，通常from the bottom up 从头；完全彻底地字母g~hget the nod 被选中，得到许可get in the way(of) 挡路，妨碍get into the wrong hands 落到不可靠的人手里get on in life 出人头地get round/around to 找时间做，开始考虑get over 解决，克服，控制give in to sb/sth 屈服，让步，勉强同意gloom and doom 悲观失望；前景暗淡have sb by the throat 完全控制某人have sth to do with sb/sth 和某人/事有关系heads will roll 某些人将要受到惩罚，如因犯错，失职等被革职heavy/light reading 读起来费力/轻松的阅读材料字母iin a row 连续几天（几个月等）地in favor of 看中；选择in keeping with与……一致，与……协调in large part 主要，在很大程度上in one's infancy 出于（发展或成长）初起in one's own right 凭本身的权利（能力，实力或资格）in progress （进行中）in response to 对……做出反应insurance policy 保险单in terms of 就……而言in the manner of/sb/sth 以某人（或某物）的典型风格in the wake of 随某事物之后到来in turn 依次，轮流地in the air 悬而未决字母k~okeep abreast of 了解最新情况，跟上（某事物的发展）keep/hold one's end up （在对抗或逆境中）坚持自己的立场等；坚持下去lie down to give up 认输，屈服live off sth/sb 靠……过活，依赖……生活live with sth 忍受，容忍（不快的事）look out for 考虑……的利益，关照lose sleep over 操心（某事）；为（某事）担忧middle-brow （常为贬义）（书籍，音乐，艺术等）品味一般的，平庸的miss the point(of sth) 没领会……的含义或意图，没抓住……的要旨native intelligence 与生俱来的才智off-line 不能连线的，脱机的（大脑停止逻辑思维活动）off the cuff （讲话，回答等）未经准备的，当场的，即席的on behalf of 为了……的利益；代表on one's own 独自；独立地，单独地on the chance of/that 也许可能，希望能够on the ropes 岌岌可危，即将灭亡，处于困境on the side 作为副业，在正事之外字母p~rpart with sth 放弃，交出（尤其指不舍得的东西）plough(your way)through sth 费劲地阅读，吃力地钻研put down roots 定居pour sth out 毫无保留地表达感情（或思想等）；表露无疑；畅所欲言put sb up 推荐，提名raise eyebrows 引起他人吃惊；引起他人的非议reflect on 仔细考虑rest with sb (to do sth) 是……的责任或分内的事righteous indignationg 基于正义公理激发的愤怒或对非正义的事情引起的愤慨rooted in sth 根源在于；由……产生rule out 阻止，防止……发生rush through 使快速通过；仓促处理字母s~tscale sth back/down 减少（数量）；缩小（规模或范围）seize on 突然大为关注，抓住（可利用的事物）settle for sth 勉强接受shell out 付（一笔钱）（后跟for sth）sort out 把……安排妥当stake sth out 清楚地界定自认为属于自己的东西；明确阐述自己的看法（或立场等）stem from 出自，起源于；由……引起stick with sb/sth 紧跟，不离开；坚持strike gold 发现丰富的信息，财富，幸运，启发等stumble on/across 偶然发现或碰见（某物或某人）subject to sth 易受（尤其指不快事物）影响的take advantage of 利用take (a) hold 开始完全控制；变得十分强大take aim at sb/sth 把批评的矛头指向某人/某物take in（不用被动语态）去看，观看（电影等）；参观take its toll(on sb/sth) 产生恶果；造成重大损失（或伤亡）take sth on/upon oneself 擅自作主，越权承担take to sb/sth 养成……的习惯the rot sets in 情况开始出毛病，事情开始走下坡（且无可挽回）think-tank 智囊团，思想库thumb through 匆匆翻阅，浏览（书，杂志等）to be on the wrong/another planet 指某人的想法完全不切实际的to say the least 毫不夸张的说turn about 改变看法或论点字母u~yunder way 已经开始，在进行中wear-and-tear （家具，汽车，设备等使用了很长一段时间后的）损耗，磨损wear one's learning lightly 对自己的知识不妄自尊大，不卖弄自己的学识等wear out 使（某人）精疲力尽with respect to sth 至于，关于，就……而言yield to 被……取代。

solely ad.独自地, 单独地obvious a.明显的,显而易见的devalue v.减值, 贬值turning n.旋转,转向,转弯处cycle n.自行车,周期,循环yield to 屈服, 让步blind a.瞎的,盲目的structure n.结构,构造diet n.饮食,食物,减肥on a diet 节食,减肥witted a.智力…的,头脑…的executive n.董事a.执行的dean n.院长, 主持牧师improve v.改善,改进,增进productivity n.生产率institute n.学会,研究所,学院think tank 智囊团golden age 黄金时代management n.管理,管理部门painstaking n./a.苦干的,煞费苦心潜在的n.潜力workforce n.劳动力,工人总数impetus n.推动,促进manifest vi.出现vt.表明, 证明withdraw v.撤回,撤退,支取take over 接收, 接管enterprise n.事业,企业单位collapse v./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台suicidal a.自杀的, 自毁的action n.行动,行为,动作auto/automobile n.汽车infer v.推论,推断shift v.替换,转换n.转换intense a.强烈的,剧烈的contribute v.贡献,损献,投稿progress v./n.前进,进步,进展revival n.苏醒, 复兴, 复活cooperation n.合作, 协作pave v.铺砌,铺（路）further ad./a.更远v.促进,增进restructure vt.重建构造,改组male n./a.男性,雄性（的）born a.出身于…的,生来的female a.女的,雌的ratio n.比,比率maturity n.成热, 完备universal a.通用的n.一般规律mortality n.死亡率survive v.幸免于,幸存excess a.过量的n.过量,过剩crucial a.至关重要,决定性的mate n.伙伴,同事,配偶chance n.机会,偶然性natural selection 自然选择,物竞天择说remove v.消除,去掉,搬迁particularly ad.独特地, 显著地depend on 依靠, 依赖make no difference没有影响,都一样movement n.运动,活动,迁移art n.艺术,美术,文科attain v.达到,获得fashion n.风尚,方式advisable a.可取的,适当的find out 找出, 发现, 查明advocate n.提倡者v.提倡,鼓吹farfetched a.牵强的unreasonable /a.不讲道理,不合理的principle n.原理,原则normal a.正常,普通的regard v.把…看作为,认为, with regard to 关于futurist n.未来派画家poetry n.诗歌,诗集case n.情况,事实,案件rather ad.相当,有一点儿, admit v.让…进入,承认theory n.理论,原理,学说base n.基础,底部,基地class v.把…分类（或分等）literature n.文学,文献in brief 简单扼要地condition n.状况,形势,条件conditionally ad.有条件地speed up 加速till prep./conj.直到…为止violence n.暴力,暴行consequently ad.因而,所以feeling n.感情,心情emotion n.情绪,情感undergo v.遭受,经历,承受corresponding a.相应的,对应的require v.需要,要求,命令form n.形状,形式,表格expression n.表达,表示,措词interpret v.解释,说明,口译stress n.压力v.强调pour v.倒,倾泻,流出stream n.溪流v.流出,涌essential a.必要的,本质的unhampered a.无妨碍的,无阻碍的qualify v.具有资格,限定adjective n./a.形容词（的）finite a.有限的verb n.动词instead of 代替, 而不是... make up 弥补, 虚构, 化妆imitate v.模仿,伪造type n.型,铅字v.打字ink n.墨水shorten v. 缩短, (使)变短lengthen v.延长,（使）变长at will 随意, 任意certainly ad.一定,无疑,当然description n.描写,形容,种类battle n.战役,斗争v.战斗confuse v.使混乱,混淆praise v.赞扬,歌颂n.称赞emphasis n.强调,重点tend to 往往,趋向stress n.压力v.强调,着重mechanical a.机械的,机械似的creativity n.创造力, 创造score n.得分,二十v.得（分）personality n.人格,个性courage n.勇气,胆量humanity n.人类,人文科学completely ad.十分, 完全地ignore v.不理,不顾,忽视chairman n.主席,议长,董事长ruling a.统治的n. 统治Liberal Democratic Part自由民主党committee n.委员会,全体委员frustration n.挫败, 挫折, 受挫lead v.领导,通向,导致kid n.小孩v.戏弄,取笑drop out 不参与, 离去, 放弃wild a.野生的,野蛮的incident n.事件,事变violence n.暴力,暴行assault v./n.袭击,攻击amid prep. 在...中outcry n. 大声疾呼conservative a.保守n.保守主义者leader n.领导者seek v.寻找,探索,试图prewar a.战前的ad.在战前minister n.部长,大臣eyebrow n.眉毛liberal a.慷慨的,大方的reform v./n.改革,改造,改良introduce v.介绍,引进,提出occupation n.占领,占据,职业authority n.权威,当局weaken v.削弱, (使)变弱morality n.道德,美德respect v.尊敬n.尊敬,敬意lifestyle n.生活方式educator n.教育家enjoy v.欣赏,喜爱,享受endure v.忍受,持久,持续centralization n.集中, 中央集权citizen n.公民,市民,平民extend v.延长,延伸abandon v. 放弃,抛弃in favor of 赞同, 有利于isolate v.隔离,孤立generation n.产生,一代（人）household n.户,家庭a. 家庭的urban a.城市的lengthy a.冗长的commute v.上下班,往返于两地crowded a.拥挤的, 塞满的condition n.状况,环境,条件discomfort n.不便之处, 不适divorce v./n.离婚,分离rate n.速率,等级v.评价suicide n.自杀, 自毁Westerner n.西方人restaurant n.餐馆,饭店journalist n.记者,新闻工作者advocate n.提倡者v.提倡,鼓吹participatory a.供人分享的democracy n.民主,民主制phase n.阶段,状态,时期enroll/enrol v.招收,登记,入学private a.私人的,私下的exceptional a.例外的,异常的proper a.适合的,固有的formulation n.公式表示,简洁陈述succeed v.成功,继承,接替at all costs/at any cost不惜任何代价ambitious a.有雄心的attack v./n.攻击,进攻n.发作various a.各种各样的,不同的angel n.天使public a.公共的n.公众defender n.防卫者,辩护者unimpressive /a.无印象,印象淡薄的extremely ad.极端地, 非常地unattractive a.不引人注意的impulse v.推动n.冲动,刺激quality n.质量,品质,特性fix v.使固定,安装stirring a.激动人心的,忙碌的prompting n.促进, 激励, 提示honor/honour n.荣誉v.给以荣誉profess v.表示consequence n.结果,后果,影响follow v.跟随,接着,遵循underground a.地下的n.地铁sly a.狡猾的,偷偷摸摸的stupid a.愚蠢的,迟钝的supporter n.支持者, 拥护者as usual 照常majority n.多数,大多数earnest a.热心的,诚挚的generally ad.通常, 一般地compensate v.补偿,赔偿fame n.名声power n.能力,动力,电力, goal n.目的,守门员,球门spiritual a.精神上的,心灵的rather than 而不是,胜于material n.材料,原料a.物质的customary a.习惯的,惯例的discard v.丢弃,抛弃check v.检查,制止dishonest a.不诚实的deny v.否认,否定,拒绝fulfillment n.履行, 实行impractical a.不切实际的admit v.让…进入,承认immoral a.不道德的, 邪恶的pursuit n.追赶,追求,职业closely ad.接近地relate v.叙述,讲述greedy a.贪吃的,贪焚的contemptible ad.可鄙的maintain v.维修,维持,主张secretly ad.秘密地, 背地里paper n.纸,报纸,试卷,论文thus ad.因而,从而local a.地方的,局部的represent v.描述,表示,代表worthwhile a.值得（做）的only if 只有incorporate v.合并,纳入v.合并的reflect v.反映,表现,反省pursue v.追赶,追踪,从事overall a.全面的,综合的entrance n.入口,门口,进入journal n.刊物,杂志,日报reinforce vt. 加强, 增援widespread ad.分布广泛的introduction n.介绍,传入,引进referee n. 仲裁人, 调解人logical a.逻辑的,符合逻辑的consequence n.结果,后果,影响separate a.分离的,分开的aim v.目的在于n.目标mainly ad.大体上,主要地readership n.读者身份,读者人数相当,宁愿,宁可differentiation n.区别specific a.具体的,特定的whereas conj.而,却,反之tend to 往往, 趋向delay v./n.耽搁,延迟generally ad.一般,通常,一般地reckon v.认为,指望,测算crucial a.至关重要,决定性的period n.周期,一段时间structure n.结构,构造sociology n.社会学chemistry n.化学physics n.物理（学）psychology n.心理学,心理compete v.比赛,竞争academic a.学院的,学术的demonstrate v.论证,证实,演示hardship n.艰难,困苦policy n.政策,方针discrimination n.辨别,歧视direct a./ad.径直的v.指向expansion n.扩张,膨胀,张开a great deal 大量attention n.注意（力）,留心pay v.支付,给予n.工资so-called a.所谓的, 号称的digital a.数字的divide v.分,划分,分开division n.分,部门,科,除去exist v.存在,生活lecture n./v.演讲,讲课loom v.隐现, 迫近visible a.看得见的,可见的positive a.积极的,肯定的force n.力v.强迫,迫使optimistic a.乐观主义的justify v.证明…是正当的financial a.财政的,金融的overseas a.外国的ad.在海外预防,防止economy n.节约,经济adopt v.采用,采纳,收养pattern n.模式,图案,图样distrust n.不信任vt.不信任editor n.编辑,编者painful a.疼痛的,使痛苦的organization n.组织,团体,机构journalism n.新闻业, 报章杂志credibility n.可信性project n.方案,工程,项目turn out 结果是,最终mostly ad.主要地,大部分low-level 低水平的finding n.发现,调查结果factual a.事实的, 实际的error n.错误,过失spelling n.拼法,拼写法grammar n.语法,语法书combine [ v.结合,联合,化合scratch v.抓,搔扒n.抓,搔puzzlement n.迷惑in the world 究竟source n.源,源泉,来源a set of 一组, 一套standard n.标准,规则a.标准的template n.模板pattern n.模式,图案plug n.塞子,插头v.堵塞event n.事件,事情in other words 换句话说conventional a.惯例的,常规的newsroom n.编辑部, 阅览室culture n.修养,文化backbone n.脊椎,骨干,支柱ready-made a.现成的,做好的narrative a.叙述性的n.叙述structure n.结构,构造,建筑物otherwise conj.要不然,否则confuse vt. 搞乱,使糊涂exist v.存在,生活cultural a.文化的disconnect v. 拆开,分离,断开alien n.外侨a.不相容的survey v./n.俯瞰,调查,勘定questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷reporter n.记者,报导者plus prep.加上a.正的,加的metropolitan a.首都的,主要都市的resident n.居民a.居住的at random 随机地,随便地reply v./n.回答,答复likely a.很可能ad.大概upscale a.高消费阶层的neighborhood n.邻近地区,社区maid n.少女,女仆acquisition n.获得,获得物ever ad.在任何时候witness n.目击者,证人v.目睹sweep v.扫,席卷,掠过hyperactive a.极度活跃的emerge vi.显现, 浮现unsurpassed a.未被超越的might n.力量,可能worry v.烦恼n.烦恼,担忧concentration n.集中,专心,浓缩uncontrollable a.无法控制的anticompetitive a.反竞争的powerful a.强大的,有力的multinational /a.多国的,跨国公司的account for 说明, 占figure n.数字v.算出,估计rapidly ad. 迅速地affiliate v.使隶属n.附属机构, segment n.段,片,节,部分production n.生产,产量,产品investment n.投资,投资额for instance 例如reform v./n.改革,改造,改良firm a.坚定的n.公司create v.创造,引起,建立serious a.严肃的,严重的concern v.涉及v./n.关心,挂念role n.角色,作用,任务national a.民族的,国家的ultimate a.最后的,根本的stability n.稳定,安定massive a.大规模的,大量的underlie vt.位于..之下, 为.基础globalization n.全球化,全球性transportation n.运输, 运送barrier n.栅栏,屏障,障碍enlarge v.扩大,放大,增大market n.集市,市场v.销售require v.需要,要求,命令operation n.运转,操作,手术capable a.有能力的,能…的customer n.顾客,主顾consumer n. 消费者demand n./v.要求,请求v.查问beneficial a.有利的,有益的productivity n.生产率current n.流a.当前的,流行的imagine v.想象,设想,料想recreate vt.娱乐,再现threat n.恐吓,威胁threaten v.恐吓,威胁competition n.比赛,竞争trust v.信任n.信任,托拉斯break up 打碎, 分裂telecom n.电信company n.公司,同伴reduction n.减少,缩小pace n.步,步伐v.踱步technical a.技术的,工艺的progress v./n.前进,进步,进展contrary a.相反的,矛盾的communication n.通讯,传达reality n.现实,实际,真实transform v.改变,变换,变压passionate a.充满热情的advocate n.提倡者v.提倡,鼓吹philosophy n.哲学preach v.宣讲,竭力鼓吹page n.页magazine n.杂志,期刊settle v.安定,安顿,解决publicize v.宣扬,宣传,报道resignation n.辞职,辞呈editorship n.编辑的职位build-up n.积累,集结doctrine n.教义,教条,主义alternative n.选择对象reward n.报酬,赏金v.报答financial a.财政的,金融的status n.地位,身份,状况persuade v.说服,劝说used to 过去常常pressure n.压力,压强deadline n.最后期限fearful a.可怕的strain n.紧张v.扭伤politics n.政治,政见limitation n.限制,局限性simple a.简单的,朴素的simplicity n.简单,简易,朴素simplify v.简化,使单纯materialistic a.物质主义的establish v.建立,设立,使定居voluntary a.自愿的,志愿的ironically ad.说反话地,讽刺地breed v.繁殖,产生,抚养anti-consumerism n.反消费主义newsletter n.时事通讯,业务通讯tip n.末端,小费,建议recycle v.使再循环,反复应用cling-film n.食品薄膜,保鲜膜soap n.肥皂equivalent a.相等的,等值的drop out 不参与, 离去, 放弃start v.开始,出发n.开端reaction n.反应, 反作用mass n.大量,众多,民众redundancy n.冗余cause n.原因,事业v.使产生downsizing 减少规模,缩小化link v.连接,联系n.环节thrift n.节俭, 节约middle-class a.中产阶级的acquaintance n.熟人,相识seek v.寻找,探索urge v.催促n.迫切要求mythical a.神话的, 虚构的organic a.器官的,有机的risk v.冒…的危险n.风险personal a.个人的,本人的recognition n.认出,辨认,承认following a.接着的,下列的writer n.作者,作家compel v.强迫,迫使manner n.方式,方法,举止raise v.举起,提高,养育eyebrow n.眉毛unbelieving a.不相信的, 多疑的light-hearted a.轻松的,无忧无虑的unexpected a.想不到的,意外的twist v.搓,拧n.搓,扭转familiar a.熟悉的,通晓的quote v.引用,援引exaggerate v.夸大,夸张exaggeration n.夸张, 夸大之词understatement n.保守的陈述,掩饰statement n.声明,陈述pick out 挑选turn about 转变,转身,反复思考v.注射,注入take advantage of 利用make fun of v.取笑listener n.收听者, 听众joke n.笑话,玩笑conscious a.意识到的,有意识的godlike a.庄严的,与神相称的entitle vt.给...称号v.授权privilege n.特权,优惠,特许laughing stock 笑柄,笑料desire v./n.愿望,欲望,要求title n.标题,头衔,称号effectively ad.有效地, 有力地various a.各种各样的,不同的speech n.演说,讲话,语言strategy n.策略,战略dawn n.黎明v.破晓ingenuity n.机灵, 独创性devise v.设计,想出device n.装置,设备cunning a./n.狡猾,狡诈cope with 与...竞争, 应付boring a.令人厌烦的burdensome a.繁重的, 烦累的plain a.明白的,平常的nasty a.肮脏的,令人厌恶的compulsion n.强迫, 强制robot n.机器人,自动机械robotics n.机器人技术confer v.商谈,授予,赋予capability n.能力,性能,接受力mechanical a.机械的,机械似的version n.型,版本,译本fiction n.虚构,编造,小说intelligent a.聪明的,明智的presence n.出席,到场,存在barely ad.仅仅,几乎没有remove v.排除,去掉,移动labor/labour n.工作,劳动,劳力hum v.嗡嗡叫n.吵杂声rhythm n.节奏,韵律assembly n.集合,集会,装配arm n.臂,臂状物v.武装automated a.自动化的neuroscientist n.神经科学家demonstrate v.论证,演示,说明manufacturing n.制造业elite n.上层人士,精英tackle n用具v.处理,解决expert n.专家,能手a.熟练的, creature n.人,动物,生物a.纤弱的,精致的task n.任务,作业,工作verbally ad.用言辞地, 口头地deal with 安排, 处理intervention n.干涉cultivate v.耕作,培养,磨炼creativity n.创造力, 创造internal a.内部的,国内的abnormality n.变态n.畸形crude a.天然的,未加工的barrel n.桶,枪管,炮管triple a.三部分的,三倍的quadruple a.四倍的, 四重的scary a.引起惊慌的memory n.记忆,存储（器）shock n.电击,震惊,休克double-digit a.两位数的inflation n.通货膨胀global a.全球的,世界的headline n.大字标题gloom n.阴暗, 阴沉doom n.厄运v.注定,命定Iraq n.伊拉克共和国suspend v.悬挂,吊销,暂停export v./n.输出,出口strengthen v.加强,巩固grip v./n.紧握,抓紧hemisphere n.半球severe a.严厉的,严重的petrol n.汽油tax n.税v.对…征税retail n.零售mute a.哑的,缄默的v.减弱pump n.泵sensitive a.敏感的,易受伤害的swing v.摇摆n.秋千,摆动conservation n.保护,保守,守恒fuel n.燃料intensive a.加强的,集中的consumption n.消费,消耗consultancy n.顾问（工作）mobile a.可动的,运动的steel n.钢constant a.经常的,永恒的estimate v./n.估计,估价average n.平均a.通常的import v.进口,输入,含意bill n.账单,钞票,法案emerge v.浮现,出现seriously ad.认真地, 真诚地squeeze v.压榨n.榨取,勒索unlike prep.不像,和…不同occur v.发生,想起,想到prolonged a.延长的, 拖延的physical a.物质的,身体的academy n学院release v.释放,发表,发行volume n.容积,卷,音量approach v.靠近,临近n.方法identify v.识别,鉴别treatment n.待遇, 治疗aggressive a.侵略的,有进取心的ineffectual a.无效的, 不成功的procedure n.程序,手续,步骤dishonor n.不光彩v.使丢脸twin a.双的n.孪生子therapy n.治疗,理疗Medicare 医疗保险制度code n.代码,密码,法规assess v.估价,评价treat v.对待,治疗n.款待well-meaning a.善意的, 好心的initiative a.创始的n.主动精神translate into 翻译成, 转化为a.不关心的,不相关的needlessly ad.不必要地, 无用地predictable a.可预言的extent n.广度,宽度,程度constitute v.组成,构成systematic a.系统的, 体系的abuse v./n.滥用,虐待,谩骂license/licence n.许可证,执照board n.板,委员会,伙食presumptively ad.据推测incompetently ad.无能力地suspension n.吊销,暂停, 中止oppose v.反对,反抗guilty a.有罪的,内疚的painless a.无痛的, 不痛的recovery n.痊愈,恢复intention n.意图,意向,目的inadequate a.不充足的,不适当的bold a.大胆的,冒失的careless a.粗心的, 疏忽的desperate a.绝望的,不顾一切的punish v.惩罚,处罚net n.网v.用网捕a.净的spymaster n.间谍组织的首脑spy n.间谍v.刺探lay v.放,搁,铺设CIA/Central Intelligence Agency中央情报局fascinate v.迷住,强烈吸引remake v.再造,重塑everyday a.每日的,日常的pastime n.消遣,娱乐reshape vt.改造, 再成形vocation n.职业,行业revolution n.革命,旋转,转数simply ad.完全,简直,仅仅gentleman n.绅士,先生electronic a.电子的triumph n.胜利v.得胜,战胜misguided a.被误导的biomedical a.生物医学的forcefully ad.强有力地, 激烈地argument n.争论,论点thereby ad.因此,从而target n.目标,对象,靶子allegation n.主张,断言, 辩解cruelty n.残忍,残酷setting n. 环境,安置perplex v.使困惑,使费解deliberately ad.故意地grandmotherly a.似祖母的,慈祥的staff n.员工v.配备人员booth n.电话亭,货摊distribute v.分配,分布,散发brochure n.小册子fur n.毛,毛皮immunization n.使免除, 使免疫vaccine a.疫苗的n. 疫苗vaccination n.接种疫苗, 种痘assure v.使确信,保证,担保epidemic a.流行性的n.流行病well-meaning a.善意的, 好心的communicate v.传达,交流,通讯message n.消息,通讯,要旨compassionate a.富于同情心的understandable a.可以理解的molecular a.分子的connection n.联系,连接hip n.臀部replacement n.取代,替代,代替物bypass/ by-pass n.旁路,迂回的旁道pet n.爱畜,庞儿a.宠爱的shot n.开枪,射击unaware a.不知道的wasteful a.浪费的adopt v.采用,采纳,收养lest conj. 唯恐,免得misinformation n.误报, 误传unchallenged a.未受到挑战的acquire v.取得,获得,学到deceptive a.欺骗性的appearance n.出现,出场,外表institution n.机构,协会,制度tour v./n.游行,游历humane a.仁慈的ultimate a.最后的,根本的stakeholder n.利害关系人recruit v.招募,招收n.新兵personality n.人格,个性,名人courageous a.勇敢的, 有胆量的possibility n.可能,可能性uninformed a.未被通知的citizenry n.公民(集合称) extinguish v.熄灭,扑灭precious a.珍贵的,贵重的article n.文章,论文,物品criticize/criticise v.批评,评论inhuman a. 野蛮的inevitable a.不可避免的vicious a恶毒的,邪恶的switch n.开关,转换form n.表格v.组成,构成shoulder n.肩v.肩负,承担subscribe v.订购,订阅,认可flourish v.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺arbiter n.仲裁者, 判优器frequently ad.常常, 频繁地represent v.表示,代表,代理brighten v. (使)变亮, (使)愉快fortune n.命运,运气,财产capital n.首都,资本a.首位的surge n.汹涌vi.汹涌, 澎湃, acquire v.取得,获得,学到Wall Street 华尔街cheer v.高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼v.报价,投标n.出价transaction n.办理,交易grip v./n.紧握,抓紧unlikely a.未必的,靠不住的cross-trade 跨行业的indifferent a.冷淡的,不关心的supportive a.支持的,支援的indignant a.愤慨的,愤慨不平的apprehensive /a.有理解力的,忧虑的rival n.竞争者,对手nationwide a.全国性的ensure v.确保,保证fair play 公平比赛, 公平条件function n.功能,作用v.起作用supervise v.管理,监督acquisition n.获得,获得物shrink v.起皱,收缩,缩小pressing a.紧迫的optional a.可以任选的expectancy n.期待, 期望replace v.放回,替换clinical a.临床的, 病房用的depression n.沮丧,低气压,萧条surgical a.外科的,procedure n.程序,手续,步骤unimaginable a.想不到的enter v.走进,参加,加入health care 卫生保健cure v.治愈,医治confront v.使面临,面对genetic a.遗传的, 起源的disintegrate vt. (使)分解, (使)碎裂perish v.丧生,凋谢,消亡solve v.解决,解答shield n.盾v.保护,防护payer n.支付者, 付款人useless a.无用的, 无效的late-stage 晚期的cancer n.癌frustrate v.挫败,阻挠,使灰心inability n.无能, 无力aggressive a.侵略的,力度大的unsustainable a.不能持续的sustain v.支撑,持续,忍耐willing a.情愿的,乐意的employer n.雇主counsel v./n.劝告n.法律顾问career n.生涯,经历,职业promising a.有希望的,有前途的inefficient a.效率低的efficiency n.效率,功效repeated a.重复的, 再三的drawback n.欠缺,缺点eliminate v.消除broaden v.放宽, 扩大, 加宽implicit a.不明言的,隐含的instead ad.代替,顶替strategy n.战略,策略tip n.小费,建议abreast ad. 并肩地, 并排地n. 提醒, 暗示guide v.指导,引导n.指南tempt v.诱惑,引诱sign up 签约, 报名参加sharp a.锋利的,突然的traffic n.交通,交通量,流量vice president 副总统,副总裁marketing n.营销,行销,买卖gather v.聚集,聚拢compensation n.补偿,赔偿negotiate v.谈判,交涉disadvantage n.不利,损害advisory a.顾问的, 咨询的reserve n.储备v.保留,预定indispensable a.必不可少的trace n.痕迹,踪迹v.追踪unfair a.不公平的discrimination n.区别,歧视condemn v.谴责illegal a.不合法的,非法的insidious a.隐蔽的,阴险的thrive v.兴旺,繁荣alphabet n.字母表alphabetically ad.按字母顺序地surname n.姓thumb through 翻查directory n.人名地址录,号码簿fairly ad.公正地,相当,还算evenly ad.均匀地,平坦地suspiciously ad.猜疑着, 怀疑着respectively ad. 分别地, 各个地predecessor n.前辈, 前任striking a.显著的,惊人的banker n. 银行家character n.性格,特性,字merely ad. 仅仅, 只, 不过coincidence n.巧合,一致,符合spare a.多余的,备用的rot v.（使）腐败,腐朽infant n.婴儿,幼儿pupil n.学生,小学生shortsighted a.近视的,眼光短浅的junior a.年少的,低年级的stick n.棍,棒v.粘贴caution n.小心,谨慎v.警告alarm n.警报,惊恐v.使惊恐panic n.恐慌,惊慌modest a.谦虚的,谦让的belt-tightening n.勒紧腰带,节约despair n.绝望dreadful a. 可怕的,讨厌的steady a.稳定的,坚定的range n.范围,领域v.变化predominant a.支配的, 主要的, bonus n.奖金,红利broker n.掮客, 经纪人overbid v.过高出价real estate 房地产comfortable a.舒适的,自在的silver lining（不幸中的）一线希望n.泡,气泡v.冒泡stockmarket 证券市场,股票市场swing v.摇摆n.秋千,摇摆investor n. 投资者ingredient n.组成部分,成分sustain v.支撑,维持,持续diner n. 用餐者toast n.烤面包,祝酒v.祝贺engage v.从事于,（使）忙着desperate a.绝望的,不顾一切的carefree a.无忧无虑的exchange v./n.交换,兑换,交易venture v.冒险n.冒险,风险precede v.领先,在…之前purchase v.买,购买enhance v.提高,增强horizon n..地平线,眼界,范围remedy n.药品,补救办法intellect n.智力anti-intellectualism n.反智主义intellectual n.知识分子athlete n.运动员entertainer n.演艺人员entrepreneur n.企业家, 主办人scholar n.学者pursue v.追赶,追踪pursuit n.追赶,职业,工作sake n.缘故symptom n.症状,征候,征兆pervasive a. 普遍深入的counterbalance vt.使平衡, 弥补trace n.痕迹v.跟踪,追踪distaste n. 讨厌, 嫌恶reject v.拒绝,抵制,驳回vulnerable a.易受攻击的,脆弱的exploitation n.开发,剥削critically ad.批评地criticize v.批评,评论defend v.防守,为…辩护participate v.参与,参加path n.小路,路线,轨道civil a.公民的,国内的civilize v.使文明,开化resent v.对…表示忿恨,怨恨cute a.可爱的,伶俐的cooperative a.合作的,协作的creature n.人,动物,生物counterpart n.对应的人（或物）characteristic a.特有的n.特征,特性candidate n.候选人,候补者exchange v./n.交换,兑换,交易token n.表示,象征,信物piece n.（一）件,（一）片rock n.岩石v.摇,摇动slice n.薄片,切片cucumber n.黄瓜adjoin v.毗连,靠近chamber n.房间,室markedly ad.显著地, 明显地grape n.葡萄luxury n.奢侈,奢侈品preferable a.更可取的,更好的reluctant a.不愿的,勉强的toss v.向上扔,辗转反侧presence n.出席,存在induce v.引诱,引起,导致n.怨恨, 愤恨emotion n.情绪,情感wild a.野生的,狂热的species n.物种,种类stable a.稳定的,安定的cheat v.欺骗,作弊righteous a.正直的, 正当的indignation n.愤怒,愤慨preserve v.保护,保存,保藏lesser a.较小的,次要的abundant a.丰富的,充裕的stem from 来源于ancestor n.祖宗,祖先contrast v.使与…对比n.对比comparison n.比较,对比jealous a.妒忌的,猜疑的incline v.倾斜,倾向于attentive a.注意的, 专心的instruction n.教授,指导,说明temperament n.气质, 性情generous a.宽宏大量的,慷慨的companion n.同伴,共事者uncertain a.不定的,不确知的doubter n.怀疑者inconclusive a.非决定的antismoking n.&a.反对吸烟(的)lobby n.门廊v.游说nonsense n.胡说,废话grave n.坟墓a.严重的upsetting a.令人心烦的,苦恼的parallel a.平行的n.类似awaken v.唤醒, 醒来, 唤起panel n.仪表盘,专门小组academy n学院,科学院enlist v.征募,征召,参军atmosphere n.大气,气氛,环境definitely ad.明确地, 干脆地component n.组成部分,成分logic n.逻辑,逻辑学suspend v.悬挂,暂停,中止formulate v.构想,系统地阐述revolutionary a.革命的n.革命者disguise n./v.假装,伪装shadow n.阴影,暗处,阴暗unconscious a.不省人事,无意识的neurologist n.神经学者neural a.神经系统的mental a.精神的,智力的random a.随机的n.随机,随意byproduct n. 副产品suspect v.疑心,怀疑n.嫌疑犯thermostat n.温度调节装置regulate v.管制,调节,调整mood n.心情,情绪,语气authority n.权力,威言,权威intense a.强烈的,热烈的harness v.治理,利用psychology n.心理学,心理vivid a.生动的,栩栩如生的equally ad.相等地, 平等地, limbic a. 边的, 缘的intellect n. 智力relatively ad.相关地,相对的depress v.压抑,使沮丧,低下link v.连接n.环节,链环clinic n.诊所generate v.产生,发生occupy v.占用,占据,使忙碌significance n.意义, 重要性recur vi.复发, 重现, 再来vt.形象化, 想象literally ad.逐字地,确实panic n.恐慌,惊慌terrorism n.恐怖主义,恐怖统治uncertainty n.易变,不确定的事物insecurity n.不安全, 不安全感persistent a. 持久稳固的persist v.坚持,持续nightmare n. 梦魇, 恶梦therapist n.临床医学家,治疗师modify v.更改,修改,修饰susceptible a.易受影响的innermost a.最里面的, 内心的mechanism n.机械装置,机制aggravate v.恶化,加重,加剧rid v.使摆脱,使去掉progression n. 行进,发展belong to v. 属于figure n.数字,图形,人物command n.命令,掌握gift n.礼品,天赋,才能aspire vi. 热望, 立志degradation n.降级, 降格, 退化linguist n.语言学家controversialist n.争论者controversy n. 论争,辩论,论战mixed a.混合的liberal a.慷慨的,自由的conservative a.保守n.保守主义者triumph n.胜利v.得胜,战胜counterculture n.反传统文化formal a.正式的,形式的informality n.非正式permissive a.许可的,泛滥的criticism n.批评,评论specialty/speciality n.专业,专长gradual a.逐渐的,逐步的disappearance n.不见, 消失regrettable a. 可叹的, 可惜的cult n.礼拜, 祭仪authentic a.真正的poetry n.诗歌,诗集elevate ` v.抬起,升高poisonous a.有毒的forum n.论坛,讨论会unprecedented a.空前的resistant a.坚决的,果断的assimilation n.同化,消化assimilative a.同化的, 同化力的prior to 在前, 居先resident n.居民a.居住的residence n.住处,住宅indices (pl.index) n.指数,指标ownership n.所有（权）,所有制intermarriage n. 联姻, 异族结婚census n.人口普查origin n.起源,由来original a.最初的,有独创性的a.能说两种语言的proficient n.精通hence ad.从此,因此graveyard n.墓地remote a.远的,偏僻的fan n.迷v.扇动,激起somehow ad.设法,不知怎么地immune a.免疫的,不受影响的divisive a. 区分的, 不和的pocket n.衣袋a.小型的turbulent a.狂暴的,无秩序的deteriorate v.恶化,变坏associate v.使联系,交往,结合monopolize vt. 独占, 垄断owe…to把...归功于exert v.施加,付出,拔出fruitless a.不结果实的,无效的distinct a.清楚的,明显的hostile a.敌对的,敌意的branch n.枝,分枝,分店superb a.极好的,高质量的townsfolk n.市镇居民largely ad.主要地,基本上tourist n.旅行者tourism n.旅游（业）cottage n.村舍,小屋,别墅sight n.视力,瞥见,景观worthy a.可尊敬的frankly ad. 坦白地, 真诚地dislike n./v.不喜欢,厌恶beard n.胡须noisiness n.吵闹delicious a.美味的ironic a. 说反话的,讽刺的stream n.小河,溪流,流sightsee vi. 观光sightseer n. 观光客castle n.城堡palace n.宫,宫殿playgoer n.爱看戏的人contend v.竞争,坚决主张nightfall n.黄昏local a.地方的,当地的prehistoric a.史前的, 陈旧的extinct a.灭绝的,熄灭了的extinction n.消失, 消灭, 废止species n.物种,种类survive v.幸免于,幸存overfish vt捕捞过度researcher n.研究人员data n.资料, 数据fishery n.渔业,渔场,养殖场attempt v.尝试n.企图,努力estimate v./n.估计,估价biomass n.生物的数量biological a.生物学的predator n.掠夺者, 食肉动物exploitation n.开发,剥削,halve vt.平分, 分享, 减半vessel n.容器,船,舰,管prey n.捕获物v.猎取食物satellite n.卫星,人造卫星sonar n.声纳, 声波定位仪proportion n.比例, 部分longline n.多钩长线saturate v.使饱和,使充满bait n.饵, 诱惑物hook n.钩,吊钩v.钩住trap n.陷阱v.诱捕underestimate v.低估shark n.鲨鱼baseline n.基线take into account 考虑marine a.海的,海生的detect v.觉察,侦察,探测massive a.大规模的,大量的maximum n.量大值,极限a.可持续的yield v.出产,屈服n.产量crop n.作物,收成target n.目标,对象,靶子note n.笔记,记录v.记下vulnerable a.脆弱的,易受攻击的outlive v.比...长命,比...耐久restore v.恢复,使回复,归还adjust v.调节,调整,校正efficiency n.效率,功效artist n.艺术家,美术家weird a.怪异的explore v.勘探,探究,探索onward a.向前的ad.向前meaningless a.无意义的phony a.假冒的n.假冒者evil a.邪恶的n.罪恶skeptical a.怀疑性的misery n.痛苦,悲惨,不幸perpetual a.永久的,长期的disaster n.灾难,天灾massacre n.大屠杀v. 残杀innocent a.清白的,无辜的damn v.谴责depict v.描绘,描写,描述track n.轨迹v. 跟踪emergence n.浮现,出现mass communication 大众传播ideology n.意识形态era n.时代,年代surround v.包围,环绕reminder n.提醒人, 提示物exhaust v.使筋疲力尽literacy n.有文化,读写能力medium/[pl.]media n.中间,媒介worshipper n.礼拜者,崇拜者soul n.灵魂,精神worm n.虫,蠕虫messenger n.送信者,发短信者religious a.宗教的,信教的anchor n.锚v.抛锚,停泊beaming a.喜气洋洋的celebrity n.名声, 名人lure v.引诱wallet n.皮夹,钱包unreliable a.不可靠的command n.命令v.指挥bitter a.苦的,厉害的cigarette/cigaret n.香烟,纸烟,卷烟somehow ad.设法refreshing a.提神的, 凉爽的cite v.引用,引证intuitive a.直觉的genetic a.遗传的, 起源的dominating a.主要的, 独裁的overlook v.看漏,忽略,眺望n.养育,教养vt. 培养convey v.运送,传达,传播faith n.信任,信用,信条reap v.收割,收获sow v.播种supplement n.增刊,附录v.增刊parade n.游行,检阅column n.圆柱,专栏score n.得分,二十visual a.看的,视觉的visualize vt.形象化, 想象envision vt.想象, 预想analogy n.比拟,类比fold v.折叠n.褶,倍数deduce v.演绎,推断numerical a.数字的sequence n.先后,次序,连续field n.田野,运动场,领域fondness n.爱好, 溺爱coincidence n.巧合,一致,符合capacity n.容量,能量,能力object n.物体,目标v.反对figure out 合计为,计算出,解决elude v.躲避,排除encompass v.包围,包含,包括smart a.漂亮的,聪明的specify v.指定,详细说明neurology n.神经学, 神经病学genetics n.遗传学define v.给…下定义,规定term n.学期,条款,术语primarily ad.首先,主要地version n.型,译本,版本psychologist n.心理学者variation n.变化,变种,变异populate v.使人民居住, 充斥statistical a.统计的,统计学的distribution n.分配,分布,分类peer n.同等的人vi.凝视chronological /a.按年代顺序排列的multiply v.乘,倍增,繁殖standardized a.标准的, 定型的scholastic a.学校的, 学者的,assessment n.估价, 评估aspect n.外表,方面element n.元素,组成部分analytical a. 分析的, 解析的measure v.量n.尺寸,措施component n.组成部分a.组成的leadership n.领导correlate vt.使相关vi.和...相关testify v. 说明,证实guess v./n.推测v.以为,相信skip v.跳,蹦,跳读,跳跃shape n.形状v.成型,塑造overburden vt.负担过多,使过劳fallout n.附带结果vulnerable a.易受攻击的,脆弱的deprive v.夺去,使丧失popularize v.普及n.养老金,年金outweigh v.在重量上超过alert a.警惕的,机灵的cliff n.悬崖,峭壁conflict n.战斗,抵触,冲突ruin v.毁灭n.毁灭,崩溃sort out 挑选出,整理好accounting n.会计学, 清算帐目compliance n.依从, 顺从feeble a.虚弱的,无力的governance n.统治, 管理, 统辖nasty a.下流的,令人厌恶的roll v.流动,摇晃,卷,绕suite n.套房, 套, 组insecurity n.不安全, 不安全感variety n.种种,种类,品种leakage n.漏,泄漏diverse a.多种多样的,不同的defence n.防御,辩护contractor n. 订约人, 承包人peer n.同等的人vi.凝视intricate a.复杂精细的vulnerability n.弱点, 攻击asset n.资产, 有用的东西guard v./n.守卫,保卫,提防on behalf of 代表...shareholder n.股东redundancy n.冗余mystery n.神秘,神秘小说dim a.暗淡的,模糊的destroy v.破坏,摧毁,消灭hugely ad. 巨大地, 非常地penalty n.处罚,惩罚victim n.牺牲品,受害者legislation n.立法, 法律的制定theft n.偷窃,失窃credit card 信用卡, 签帐卡account n.账户,叙述v.说明disclose v.揭示,泄露overshadow v. 遮蔽, 使...失色commission n.委员会,手续费corporate a.社团的, 法人的regulator n.调整者, 管理者fierce a.凶猛的,强烈的competition n.比赛,竞争severity n.严肃, 严格, 激烈locate v.查找…的地点,位于shareholder n. 股东due a.应支付的,应有的enhance v.提高,增强puzzle n.难题,迷惑v.迷惑perceive v.察觉,感知,领悟sensitivity n.敏感,灵敏appreciate v.感激,欣赏straightforward a.正直的，简单的 submit v.使服从，呈送，提交 copyright n.版权, 著作权 restrictv.限制，约束 handsome a.漂亮的，数量可观的 profitn.利润，收益endeavor v ./n.努力，尽力，力图 distribution n.分配, 分发 coren.中心，核心 associationn.协会，联合，联系entirely ad .完全地, 全然地 archive vt .存档n. 档案 considerably ad.相当地 facilitate n. 简易化, 助长uniform n.制服，军服 frame n.框架，骨架 obscurea.暗的，模糊的anthropologist n.人类学家 calorie n.卡路里 nutrient a.有营养的nutrition n.营养 protein n.蛋白质issue v.流出n.期号，问题 infectionn.传染,影响,感染adolescent n.青少年a.青春期的 seculara.长期的。

总结考研常用的英语短语考研英语是考察考生综合英语能力的重要环节，其中常用的英语短语在考试中经常出现。

下面是一些常见的考研英语短语，供考生参考。

一、表示原因和结果的短语1. As a result (结果是)2. In that case (如果是那样的话)3. Due to (由于)4. Thanks to (由于)5. Because of (由于)6. For this reason (因为这个原因)7. Owing to (由于)8. Consequently (结果是)9. As a consequence (结果是)10. Thus (因此)11. Therefore (因此)12.So(所以)13. Hence (因此)14. For this purpose (为了这个目的)15. In this regard (在这方面)二、表示比较和对比的短语1. Similarly (类似地)2. Likewise (同样地)3. In the same way (以同样的方式)4. On the other hand (另一方面)5. However (然而)6. But (但是)7. Nevertheless (然而)8. In contrast (相反)9. On the contrary (相反地)11. In a similar way (以相同的方式)12. Conversely (相反地)13. In like manner (以相似的方式)三、表示解释和说明的短语1. In other words (换句话说)2. That is to say (也就是说)3. Namely (即，也就是说)4. For example (例如)5. For instance (例如)6. Such as (例如)7. In particular (特别是)8. To illustrate (解释说明)9. In this case (在这种情况下)10. To be specific (具体来说)11. To put it differently (换句话说)12. As an illustration (作为一个例子)13. As an example (作为一个例子)14. To clarify (澄清)15. To explain (解释)四、表示时间和顺序的短语2. Meanwhile (同时)4. In the past (在过去)5. Currently (目前)6. Nowadays (现在)7. In recent years (近年来)8. From now on (从现在开始)9. At present (目前)10. Initially (最初)11. Subsequently (随后)12. Later on (后来)13. Beforehand (事先)14. Finally (最后)15. In conclusion (最后)五、表示条件和假设的短语1.If(如果)2. Unless (除非)3. Provided (倘若)4. As long as (只要)5. In case (万一)6. Suppose (假设)7. Assuming that (假设)8. Given that (考虑到)9. On condition that (在条件下)10. Under these circumstances (在这种情况下)11. If possible (如果可能的话)12. In the event of (万一)13. If necessary (如果必要的话)14. On the supposition that (在假设下)15. In the absence of (在缺乏...的情况下)总结：考研英语中常出现的短语共有以上五种，每类下还有具体更多的短语可以应用。

考研阅读英语以下是20个考研阅读中常见的单词、短语及其相关内容：一、单词1. ambiguous- 英语释义：having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally.- 用法：可作形容词，在句中作定语或表语。

- 双语例句：The statement he made was rather ambiguous.（他所作的陈述相当含糊。

）2. convey- 英语释义：make (an idea, impression, or feeling) known or understandable to someone.- 用法：及物动词，直接跟宾语。

- 双语例句：Words can't convey my gratitude.（言语无法表达我的感激之情。

）3. dilemma- 英语释义：a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives, especially ones that are equally undesirable.- 用法：可数名词，常用搭配“be in a dilemma”（处于两难境地）。

- 双语例句：She was in a dilemma whether to go to the party or stay at home.（她处于两难境地，不知道是去参加聚会还是呆在家里。

）4. elaborate- 英语释义：(adj.) involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed andplicated. (v.) develop or present (a theory, policy, etc.) in detail.- 用法：作形容词时在句中作定语或表语；作动词时为及物动词。