铸造用英文翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学生姓名：系别：机械工程系专业：机械设计制造及其自动化班级：学号:译文出处：Science and Technology Engl-ish for Mechanical EngineeringCasting、Forging and Welding1. CastingMetal casting is one of the oldest of all industries, both ancient and medieval history offering examples of the manufacture and use of casting. From simple axeheads poured from copper in open moulds some 5000 years age, casting in the pre-Christian world developed to a point at which elaborate bronze statuary could be produced in two-piece and cored moulds. By the end of the medieval period, decorated bronze and pewter casting had begun to be used in European church and domestic life.The widespread adoption of cast iron as engineering material awaited the success of Abraham Darby in 1790 in smelting in the coke blast furnace; this paved the way for the massive use of cast iron in construction during the years following the industrial revolution.Many foundries sprang up after the industrial revolution, the vast majority being for the manufacture of the cast iron then being used as a structural material. The quantity production of iron castings in the nineteenth century was not matched by a universal advance in quality and the engineering use of the products encountered more serious risks in a non-ductile material.Despite the skill of the molder in producing complex forms, there was little change in the metallurgical and engineering situation until the modern era brought a better understanding of the factors determining quality. With modern techniques of process control the rudimentary judgment of the operator could give way to objective measurements of metal temperature, molding material properties and other production variables. These improvements have been applied not only to cast iron but to a wide range of cast alloys.There are four basic casting methods: sand-casting, die-casting, investment-casting, and centrifugal casting.Sand-casting is the most widely used method employed in foundry. In this process, sand moulds are contained in metal molding boxes that have four sides but no top or bottom. During the molding operation the boxes are located togetherby pins so that they can be separated to remove the pattern, and replaced in the correct position before the metal is poured in. The boxes are clamped together, or the cope (top section) weighted down when pouring to prevent the cope from “floating away”from the drag (lower section) when the mould is full of molten metal. The sequence when molding the simple two-part mould to cast a bracket is illustrated as follows.At the first stage the pattern is seated on the moulding board. The pattern is covered with facing sand, which is a specially prepared sand of good quality, which can take a clean and smooth impression, and can resist the heat from the molten metal that will be in contact with it. The facing sand is backed up with molding sand, which is old facing sand from previous moulds. The molding sand is carefully rammed up so that it is fairly tight around the pattern to produce a good solid mould, yet permeable enough to allow the gases produced during casting to escape. The sand is finally leveled off.At the second stage the mould with the pattern still in position is inverted; the exposed sand lightly covered with parting sand, and the exposed pattern with facing sand.(The parting sand has no cohesion, and is introduced to permit a clean separation when the mould is opened up to remove the pattern .) The second molding box is located in position on the first box and filled with molding sand. Two or more plugs are introduced when the second box is being filled (these are removed later, leaving channels in the sand). One of these plugs is positioned to one side of the pattern. The sand is rammed up and leveled off.Now, at stage 3, to allow the pattern to be removed. This is done by screwing a bar with a threaded end into a suitable insert in the pattern, damping the sand around the pattern, and gently rapping the bar in all directions so that the pattern can be carefully withdrawn. To facilitate the removal of the pattern without scuffing the sides of the impression, all surfaces that lie in the direction of pattern removal are inclined slightly by a small amount (the draw angle).A groove called a gate is cut in the sand face to allow the channel producedby the plug that is outside the pattern to connect with the impression .The metal is poured through this channel (called the runner), and the gate prevents it from dropping straight into the impression and damaging it .The cross-section of the gate is slightly smaller than that of channel so that a full runner will always supply metal to the gate at a slight pressure.Finally, the mould is reassembled, carefully locating and securing the two sections. The top section is known as the cope, and the lower section is known as the drag. The sand in the cope is vented. These vents allow the sand to be rammed up more tightly at the earlier stages without the risk of gases being trapped in the molten metal and forming blowholes in the solid metal. A sand-feeding gate (also called a pouring or bowl) is added to make it easier to pour the metal into the runner. The molten metal is poured through the runner and the air will escape through the riser.The impression will be filled with molten metal when it is completely filled. Gases can escape through the runner and the riser, which also act as headers to supply the impression with more metal to compensate for the contraction of the metal when cooling in the molten state.2. ForgingForging is the plastic working of metal by means of localized compressive forces exerted by manual or power hammers, presses, or special forging machines. It may be done either hot or cold. however, when it is done cold, special names usually are given to the processes. Consequently, the terms“forging” usually implies hot forging done above the recrystallization temperature.Modern forging is a development form the ancient art practiced by the armor makers and the immortalized village blacksmith. High-powered hammers and mechanical presses have replaced the strong arm, the hammer, and the anvil and modern metallurgical knowledge supplements the art skill of the craftsman in controlling the heating and handling of the metal.Forge ability is the term used in the industry to denote a material relative resistance to deformation and its plasticity. While considerable disagreementexists as to precisely what characteristics the word “forge ability” should include, the term as used here is defined as the tolerance of a metal or alloy for deformation without failure, regardless of forging pressure requirements.Raw material used for forging is generally bar or billet stock hot rolled from ingots melted in open-hearth, electric arc, or vacuum arc furnace .other forms and shapes such as rolled slabs, plats, and stock produced by continuous casting techniques are occasionally used .for certain grades ,vacuum arc melting imparts better forge ability than does conventional arc melting . However, the major purpose of vacuum melting is the improvement of mechanical properties and cleanliness, not forging behavior.Equipment behavior influences the forging progress since it determines the feasibility of forging a part and affects the rate of deformation and the temperature conditions.The hammer is the most economical type of equipment for generating load and energy necessary to carry out a forging process, provided that the material being forged can support high deformation velocities. It is most commonly used hot forging equipment for repeated blows on the same workpiece and cannot be overloaded.There are various types of hammers: air-lift gravity drop hammers, power drop hammers, power drop hammers, Counterblow hammers ect. In a simple gravity drop hammer the upper ram is positively connected to a board, a belt, a chain or a piston. When forging the ram is lifted to a certain height and then dropped on the stock placed on the anvil. During the down stroke, the rain is accelerated by gravity and builds up the blow energy. The upstroke takes place immediately after the blow, the force necessary to ensure quick lift-up of the ram can be 3 to 5 times the ram weight. The operation principle of a power-drop hammer is similar to that of an air drop hammer. During the down stroke, in addition to gravity, the ram is accelerated by steam, cold air or hot air pressure. In an electro hydraulic gravity-drop hammer, the ram is lifted with oil pressure against an air cushion. The compressed air slows down the upstroke of the ram and contributes to its acceleration during the down stroke .thus; the electrohydraulic hammer also has a minor power hammer action.Press forging employs a slow squeezing action in deforming the plastic metal, as contrasted with the rapid-impact blows of a hammer. Hydraulic forging press is operated by large pistons driven by high-pressure hydraulic or hydrometric system. The squeezing action is carried completely to the center of the part being pressed, thoroughly working the entire section. These presses are the vertical type and may be either mechanically or hydraulically operated. The mechanical presses, which are faster operating and most commonly used, range in capacity from 5000 to 10000 tons.In the forging press a grater proportion of the total work put into the machine is transmitted to the metal than in a drop hammer. The machine and foundation absorb much of the impact of the drop hammer .press reduction of the metal is faster, and the cost of operation is consequently lower. most press forging s are symmetrical in shape ,having surfaces, which are quite smooth, and provide a closer tolerance than is obtained by a drop hammer .however ,drop forging can forge many parts of irregular and complicated shapes more economically. Forging presses are often used for sizing operations on parts made by other forging processes.For small forgings closed impression dies are used, and only one stroke of the ram is normally require to perform the forging operation .the maximum pressure is built up at the end of the stroke ,which forces the metal into shape .dies may be mounted as separate units, or all the cavities may be put into a single block. for small forgings individuals die units are more convenient .large ingots are now almost always forged with hydraulic presses instead of with steam hammers, since the work done by a press goes deeper. Further, the press can take a cooler ingot and can work to closer dimensions.The forging should be done at about the same temperature as rolling; the process improves the physical properties of the steel just as rolling does. In the final forging it is important not to have the steel too hot, for overheated steel will have poor mechanical properties when cooled. in heating for forging the temperature is usually judged by the eye, but where a large number of thesame patterns will be made, the pieces to be forged are heated in furnaces in which the temperature is indicated by pyrometers, and often is automatically controlled.3. weldingWelding techniques have become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding”. Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion”, that is, by melting, but this definition will no longer do. Welding was next defined as the “joining of metals by heat”, but this is not a proper definition either. Not only metals can be welded, so can many of the plastics. Furthermore several welding methods do not require heat. Every machinist is familiar with heatless welding method under some circumstances. Besides these, we can weld with sound and even with the famous laser. Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year, we must here adopt the following definition of welding:" welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices”.There is also no uniform method of naming welding processes. Some processes are named according to the heat source or shielding method, other certain specialized processes are named after the type of joint produced. Examples are spot and butt welding. But an overall classification can not take account of this because the same type of joint may be produced by a variety of processes. Spot welding may be done by electric resistance, arc, or electron-beam processes and butt welding by resistance, flash or any of a number of other methods. Many welding processes are named depending on the heat applied, equipment used, and type of metal to be joined and the strength of the joint.Soldering is the process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. Solder consists of tin and lead, while bismuth and cadmium are often included to lower the melting point. One of the important operations in soldering is that of cleaning the surface to be joined, this may be done by some acid cleaner. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles ofsteel, copper or brass, but the strength of soldering joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.Pressure welding is known as the simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together. The ends of metal are heated to a while heat—for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1300℃—in a flame. At this temperature the metal becomes plastics. The ends are then presses or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reasons, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide Particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out from the center of the weld.Gas welding includes all the processes in which gases are used to obtain a hot flame. Those commonly used are acetylene, natural gas, and hydrogen in combination with oxygen. The maximum temperature developed by oxyhydrogen welding is 3600℉ (1980℃). Hydrogen is produced either by the electrolysis of water or by passing steam over coke. An oxyacetylene weld is produced by heating with a flame obtained from the combustion of oxygen and with or without the use of a filler metal. In most cases the joint is heated to a state of fusion, and as a rule, no pressure is used.Are welding is a process in which coalescence is obtained by heat produced from an electric arc. The electrode or filler metal is heated to a liquid state and deposited into the joint to make the weld. Contact is first made between the electrode and the work to create an electric circuit, and then, by separating the conductors, an arc is formed. The electric energy is converted into intense heat in the arc, which attains a temperature around 10 000°F (5500℃). Either direct or alternating current can be used for arc welding, direct current being preferred for most purposes. A d-c welder is simply a motor-generator set ofconstant-energy type, having the necessary characteristics to produce a stable arc. Arc welding uses commonly metal electrodes or carbon electrodes.Laser Welding is used because of laser’s high heat intensity. It can be operated in any transparent medium without contact with the workpiece, since the laser delivers its energy in the form of light. In welding, the power is delivered in pulses rather than as a continuous beam, the beam is focused on the workpiece and the intense heat produces a fusion weld. Laser welding is slow and is used only for special jobs involving small weldments. Its greatest use is found in the electronics industry.Explosion welding is a process that uses energy from the detonation of an explosive to join two pieces of metal. The explosion accelerates the pieces to a speed at which a metallic bond will form between them when they collide. The weld is produced in a fraction of a second without the addition of filler metal. This is essentially a room temperature process in that gross heating of the workpieces does not occur. The faying surfaces, however, are heated to some extent by the energy of the collision, and welding is accomplished through plastic flow of the metal on those surfaces. Welding takes place progressively as the explosion and the forces it creates advance from one end of the joint to the other. Deformation of the weldment varies with the type of joint. There may be no noticeable deformation at all in some weldments, and there is no loss of metal.译文：铸造、锻造和焊接1.铸造金属铸造是最古老的产业之一，远古时期和中世纪就有人使用和制造铸件了。

Casting、Forging and Welding1. CastingMetal casting is one of the oldest of all industries, both ancient and medieval history offering examples of the manufacture and use of casting. From simple axeheads poured from copper in open moulds some 5000 years age, casting in the pre-Christian world developed to a point at which elaborate bronze statuary could be produced in two-piece and cored moulds. By the end of the medieval period, decorated bronze and pewter casting had begun to be used in European church and domestic life.The widespread adoption of cast iron as engineering material awaited the success of Abraham Darby in 1790 in smelting in the coke blast furnace; this paved the way for the massive use of cast iron in construction during the years following the industrial revolution.Many foundries sprang up after the industrial revolution, the vast majority being for the manufacture of the cast iron then being used as a structural material. The quantity production of iron castings in the nineteenth century was not matched by a universal advance in quality and the engineering use of the products encountered more serious risks in a non-ductile material.Despite the skill of the molder in producing complex forms, there was little change in the metallurgical and engineering situation until the modern era brought a better understanding of the factors determining quality. With modern techniques of process control the rudimentary judgment of the operator could give way to objective measurements of metal temperature, molding material properties and other production variables. These improvements have been applied not only to cast iron but to a wide range of cast alloys.There are four basic casting methods: sand-casting, die-casting, investment-casting, and centrifugal casting.Sand-casting is the most widely used method employed in foundry. In this process, sand moulds are contained in metal molding boxes that have four sides but no top or bottom. During the molding operation the boxes are located togetherby pins so that they can be separated to remove the pattern, and replaced in the correct position before the metal is poured in. The boxes are clamped together, or the cope (top section) weighted down when pouring to prevent the cope from “floating away”from the drag (lower section) when the mould is full of molten metal. The sequence when molding the simple two-part mould to cast a bracket is illustrated as follows.At the first stage the pattern is seated on the moulding board. The pattern is covered with facing sand, which is a specially prepared sand of good quality, which can take a clean and smooth impression, and can resist the heat from the molten metal that will be in contact with it. The facing sand is backed up with molding sand, which is old facing sand from previous moulds. The molding sand is carefully rammed up so that it is fairly tight around the pattern to produce a good solid mould, yet permeable enough to allow the gases produced during casting to escape. The sand is finally leveled off.At the second stage the mould with the pattern still in position is inverted; the exposed sand lightly covered with parting sand, and the exposed pattern with facing sand.(The parting sand has no cohesion, and is introduced to permit a clean separation when the mould is opened up to remove the pattern .) The second molding box is located in position on the first box and filled with molding sand. Two or more plugs are introduced when the second box is being filled (these are removed later, leaving channels in the sand). One of these plugs is positioned to one side of the pattern. The sand is rammed up and leveled off.Now, at stage 3, to allow the pattern to be removed. This is done by screwing a bar with a threaded end into a suitable insert in the pattern, damping the sand around the pattern, and gently rapping the bar in all directions so that the pattern can be carefully withdrawn. To facilitate the removal of the pattern without scuffing the sides of the impression, all surfaces that lie in the direction of pattern removal are inclined slightly by a small amount (the draw angle).A groove called a gate is cut in the sand face to allow the channel producedby the plug that is outside the pattern to connect with the impression .The metal is poured through this channel (called the runner), and the gate prevents it from dropping straight into the impression and damaging it .The cross-section of the gate is slightly smaller than that of channel so that a full runner will always supply metal to the gate at a slight pressure.Finally, the mould is reassembled, carefully locating and securing the two sections. The top section is known as the cope, and the lower section is known as the drag. The sand in the cope is vented. These vents allow the sand to be rammed up more tightly at the earlier stages without the risk of gases being trapped in the molten metal and forming blowholes in the solid metal. A sand-feeding gate (also called a pouring or bowl) is added to make it easier to pour the metal into the runner. The molten metal is poured through the runner and the air will escape through the riser.The impression will be filled with molten metal when it is completely filled. Gases can escape through the runner and the riser, which also act as headers to supply the impression with more metal to compensate for the contraction of the metal when cooling in the molten state.2. ForgingForging is the plastic working of metal by means of localized compressive forces exerted by manual or power hammers, presses, or special forging machines. It may be done either hot or cold. however, when it is done cold, special names usually are given to the processes. Consequently, the terms“forging” usually implies hot forging done above the recrystallization temperature.Modern forging is a development form the ancient art practiced by the armor makers and the immortalized village blacksmith. High-powered hammers and mechanical presses have replaced the strong arm, the hammer, and the anvil and modern metallurgical knowledge supplements the art skill of the craftsman in controlling the heating and handling of the metal.Forge ability is the term used in the industry to denote a material relative resistance to deformation and its plasticity. While considerable disagreementexists as to precisely what characteristics the word “forge ability” should include, the term as used here is defined as the tolerance of a metal or alloy for deformation without failure, regardless of forging pressure requirements.Raw material used for forging is generally bar or billet stock hot rolled from ingots melted in open-hearth, electric arc, or vacuum arc furnace .other forms and shapes such as rolled slabs, plats, and stock produced by continuous casting techniques are occasionally used .for certain grades ,vacuum arc melting imparts better forge ability than does conventional arc melting . However, the major purpose of vacuum melting is the improvement of mechanical properties and cleanliness, not forging behavior.Equipment behavior influences the forging progress since it determines the feasibility of forging a part and affects the rate of deformation and the temperature conditions.The hammer is the most economical type of equipment for generating load and energy necessary to carry out a forging process, provided that the material being forged can support high deformation velocities. It is most commonly used hot forging equipment for repeated blows on the same workpiece and cannot be overloaded.There are various types of hammers: air-lift gravity drop hammers, power drop hammers, power drop hammers, Counterblow hammers ect. In a simple gravity drop hammer the upper ram is positively connected to a board, a belt, a chain or a piston. When forging the ram is lifted to a certain height and then dropped on the stock placed on the anvil. During the down stroke, the rain is accelerated by gravity and builds up the blow energy. The upstroke takes place immediately after the blow, the force necessary to ensure quick lift-up of the ram can be 3 to 5 times the ram weight. The operation principle of a power-drop hammer is similar to that of an air drop hammer. During the down stroke, in addition to gravity, the ram is accelerated by steam, cold air or hot air pressure. In an electro hydraulic gravity-drop hammer, the ram is lifted with oil pressure against an air cushion. The compressed air slows down the upstroke of the ram and contributes to its acceleration during the down stroke .thus; the electrohydraulic hammer also has a minor power hammer action.Press forging employs a slow squeezing action in deforming the plastic metal, as contrasted with the rapid-impact blows of a hammer. Hydraulic forging press is operated by large pistons driven by high-pressure hydraulic or hydrometric system. The squeezing action is carried completely to the center of the part being pressed, thoroughly working the entire section. These presses are the vertical type and may be either mechanically or hydraulically operated. The mechanical presses, which are faster operating and most commonly used, range in capacity from 5000 to 10000 tons.In the forging press a grater proportion of the total work put into the machine is transmitted to the metal than in a drop hammer. The machine and foundation absorb much of the impact of the drop hammer .press reduction of the metal is faster, and the cost of operation is consequently lower. most press forging s are symmetrical in shape ,having surfaces, which are quite smooth, and provide a closer tolerance than is obtained by a drop hammer .however ,drop forging can forge many parts of irregular and complicated shapes more economically. Forging presses are often used for sizing operations on parts made by other forging processes.For small forgings closed impression dies are used, and only one stroke of the ram is normally require to perform the forging operation .the maximum pressure is built up at the end of the stroke ,which forces the metal into shape .dies may be mounted as separate units, or all the cavities may be put into a single block. for small forgings individuals die units are more convenient .large ingots are now almost always forged with hydraulic presses instead of with steam hammers, since the work done by a press goes deeper. Further, the press can take a cooler ingot and can work to closer dimensions.The forging should be done at about the same temperature as rolling; the process improves the physical properties of the steel just as rolling does. In the final forging it is important not to have the steel too hot, for overheated steel will have poor mechanical properties when cooled. in heating for forging the temperature is usually judged by the eye, but where a large number of thesame patterns will be made, the pieces to be forged are heated in furnaces in which the temperature is indicated by pyrometers, and often is automatically controlled.3. weldingWelding techniques have become so versatile that it is difficult nowadays to define “welding”. Formerly welding was “the joining of metals by fusion”, that is, by melting, but this definition will no longer do. Welding was next defined as the “joining of metals by heat”, but this is not a proper definition either. Not only metals can be welded, so can many of the plastics. Furthermore several welding methods do not require heat. Every machinist is familiar with heatless welding method under some circumstances. Besides these, we can weld with sound and even with the famous laser. Faced with a diversity of welding methods that increase year by year, we must here adopt the following definition of welding:" welding is the joining of metals and plastics by methods that do not employ fastening devices”.There is also no uniform method of naming welding processes. Some processes are named according to the heat source or shielding method, other certain specialized processes are named after the type of joint produced. Examples are spot and butt welding. But an overall classification can not take account of this because the same type of joint may be produced by a variety of processes. Spot welding may be done by electric resistance, arc, or electron-beam processes and butt welding by resistance, flash or any of a number of other methods. Many welding processes are named depending on the heat applied, equipment used, and type of metal to be joined and the strength of the joint.Soldering is the process of joining two metals by a third metal to be applied in the molten state. Solder consists of tin and lead, while bismuth and cadmium are often included to lower the melting point. One of the important operations in soldering is that of cleaning the surface to be joined, this may be done by some acid cleaner. Soldering gives a satisfactory joint for light articles ofsteel, copper or brass, but the strength of soldering joint is rather less than a joint which is brazed, riveted or welded. These methods of metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.Pressure welding is known as the simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together. The ends of metal are heated to a while heat—for iron, the welding temperature should be about 1300℃—in a flame. At this temperature the metal becomes plastics. The ends are then presses or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces. For this reasons, a flux is applied to the heated metal. At welding heat, the flux melts, and the oxide Particles are dissolved in it together with any other impurities which may be present. The metal surfaces are pressed together, and the flux is squeezed out from the center of the weld.Gas welding includes all the processes in which gases are used to obtain a hot flame. Those commonly used are acetylene, natural gas, and hydrogen in combination with oxygen. The maximum temperature developed by oxyhydrogen welding is 3600℉ (1980℃). Hydrogen is produced either by the electrolysis of water or by passing steam over coke. An oxyacetylene weld is produced by heating with a flame obtained from the combustion of oxygen and with or without the use of a filler metal. In most cases the joint is heated to a state of fusion, and as a rule, no pressure is used.Are welding is a process in which coalescence is obtained by heat produced from an electric arc. The electrode or filler metal is heated to a liquid state and deposited into the joint to make the weld. Contact is first made between the electrode and the work to create an electric circuit, and then, by separating the conductors, an arc is formed. The electric energy is converted into intense heat in the arc, which attains a temperature around 10 000°F (5500℃). Either direct or alternating current can be used for arc welding, direct current being preferred for most purposes. A d-c welder is simply a motor-generator set ofconstant-energy type, having the necessary characteristics to produce a stable arc. Arc welding uses commonly metal electrodes or carbon electrodes.Laser Welding is used because of laser’s high heat intensity. It can be operated in any transparent medium without contact with the workpiece, since the laser delivers its energy in the form of light. In welding, the power is delivered in pulses rather than as a continuous beam, the beam is focused on the workpiece and the intense heat produces a fusion weld. Laser welding is slow and is used only for special jobs involving small weldments. Its greatest use is found in the electronics industry.Explosion welding is a process that uses energy from the detonation of an explosive to join two pieces of metal. The explosion accelerates the pieces to a speed at which a metallic bond will form between them when they collide. The weld is produced in a fraction of a second without the addition of filler metal. This is essentially a room temperature process in that gross heating of the workpieces does not occur. The faying surfaces, however, are heated to some extent by the energy of the collision, and welding is accomplished through plastic flow of the metal on those surfaces. Welding takes place progressively as the explosion and the forces it creates advance from one end of the joint to the other. Deformation of the weldment varies with the type of joint. There may be no noticeable deformation at all in some weldments, and there is no loss of metal.译文：铸造、锻造和焊接1.铸造金属铸造是最古老的产业之一，远古时期和中世纪就有人使用和制造铸件了。

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ﻫ攻丝tap二阶行列式sｅcond ｏｒdｅr ｄeｔerminanｔﻫ逆矩阵invｅｒse matriｘ线性方程组lｉneaｒequaｔiｏnｓ概率ｐｒｏｂａbility随机变量randoｍvariabｌeﻫ排列组合permｕtaｔion ａnd binatiｏnﻫ气体状态方程equａtion of state oｆgａs 动能kiｎetiｃenergyﻫ势能potential energｙ机械能守恒consｅrvatiｏｎof mｅchanical energyﻫ动量mｏmeｎtuｍ桁架trussﻫ轴线ａxeｓ余子式cofaｃtorﻫ逻辑电路lｏgic cｉrｃｕｉｔ触发器ｆlｉp—ｆloｐﻫ脉冲波形pｕlse ｓｈape数模diｇital ａnalogy ﻫ液压传动机构fluid dｒｉｖe mechaniｓm机械零件mechａnｉcaｌpaｒts淬火冷却qｕｅnchﻫ淬火hａrdeｎｉngﻫ回火teｍpｅriｎg调质ｈａｒdeninｇand ｔemperｉｎg ﻫ磨粒abrasiｖｅgraiｎﻫ结合剂boｎdingａgent砂轮ｇrindiｎg wｈeｅl后角cｌearａｎｃe aｎgｌｅﻫ龙门刨削plａnｉng主轴spｉndｌe主轴箱headstock卡盘ｃhｕｃkﻫ加工中心mａchｉniｎg cｅntｅr车刀latｈe tool车床ｌatheﻫ钻削镗削bｏreﻫ车削ｔurｎing磨床grinder基准benchｍaｒkﻫ钳工locksｍithﻫ锻forｇeﻫ压模ｓtampｉng焊welｄ拉床broachｉng machine拉孔bｒoaching装配asｓemｂling铸造ｆoｕｎdﻫ流体动力学fluid dynamiｃs流体力学fluiｄmechaniｃs加工machinｉｎgﻫ液压ｈyｄraulic prｅssｕre切线tangent机电一体化mecｈanotronｉｃs mechaｎical—eｌectriｃaｌｉｎteｇraｔionﻫ气压ａir pｒessｕre pｎeumａtic pｒｅsｓuｒe 稳定性stabiｌitｙ介质ｍediｕｍﻫ液压驱动泵fluid cluｔch液压泵hydraｕlｉc puｍpﻫ阀门vａlｖe失效iｎvaｌiｄａtioｎ强度intenｓｉtｙﻫ载荷ｌoadﻫ应力sｔｒｅss安全系数safty faｃｔorﻫ可靠性ｒeliａbility螺纹ｔhｒead螺旋ｈｅlixﻫ键splｉnｅﻫ销ｐinﻫ滚动轴承rolliｎg beariｎg滑动轴承slidinｇbeaｒｉｎg弹簧spriｎgﻫ制动器arreｓtｅr braｋeﻫ十字结联轴节crosｓheａdﻫ联轴器coｕpｌingﻫ链cｈａinﻫ皮带ｓtrapﻫ精加工ｆｉnisｈmachiningﻫ粗加工rough machinｉｎｇﻫ变速箱体gearｂｏx casinｇﻫ腐蚀rustﻫ氧化oxｉｄatiｏnﻫ磨损wear 耐用度dｕrabilｉty随机信号ｒaｎdom signalﻫ离散信号disｃrｅte sｉｇnaｌﻫ超声传感器ultｒaｓoｎｉcｓｅnsorﻫ集成电路intｅgrate cirｃuit 挡板oｒｉfｉcｅplａteﻫ残余应力resｉdｕal stresｓ套筒ｓｌeeve ﻫ扭力torsｉｏnﻫ冷加工colｄmａchｉniｎg电动机eｌecｔroｍｏtorﻫ汽缸cyliｎdｅr过盈配合iｎtｅrfeｒｅnｃe fiｔ热加工ｈotwｏrk摄像头CCD camｅrａ倒角rｏundｉng cｈamfｅｒ优化设计optimal dｅｓignﻫ工业造型设计industｒial moｕlding design有限元fiｎitｅelemｅntﻫ滚齿hobbｉng插齿ｇeａr shａｐingﻫ伺服电机actuaｔiｎg moｔorﻫ铣床milling ｍaｃhine钻床drｉll machine镗床ｂoring ｍachine步进电机steｐpeｒｍotorﻫ丝杠sｃreｗrodﻫ导轨lead rail组件sｕbassemblyﻫ可编程序逻辑控制器Prｏｇrａｍmable LogｉｃControlｌer PLC电火花加工eｌeｃtriｃspａrｋmachｉｎinｇﻫ电火花线切割加工ｅlectrical disｃhａrgｅwiｒe - ｃuttingﻫ相图phase diａｇram 热处理hｅat tｒeatmentﻫ固态相变solid statｅphａｓe changｅs有色金属noｎferrous mｅtalﻫ陶瓷cerａmicsﻫ合成纤维syntｈetｉc fibre电化学腐蚀ｅｌectrochemical corrｏsiｏｎ车架aｕtomotive ｃｈaｓｓisﻫ悬架ｓuspｅnsiｏnﻫ转向器ｒedｉｒeｃtoｒ变速器sｐｅｅd cｈanger板料冲压sheｅt ｍetaｌｐａrtｓﻫ孔加工sｐot facｉng machiｎiｎgﻫ车间worｋshop工程技术人员eｎgｉneｅrﻫ气动夹紧pneuma loｃk数学模型mathemａｔical modelﻫ画法几何ｄescｒiptｉvｅgeometry机械制图Ｍｅchanical draｗiｎg投影ｐrojｅction视图viｅｗ剖视图prｏ标准件standard ｐoｎｅｎｔﻫ零件图part dｒawinｇ装配图assemｂlｙdrａwｉng尺寸标注ｓize mａrkinｇﻫ技术要求teｃhｎｉｃａｌrｅｑuiｒｅmeｎts刚度rigidiｔｙﻫ内力internal fｏrｃｅ位移displaｃement截面sｅcｔiｏn疲劳极限fａtiｇue limiｔﻫ断裂fraｃtuｒeﻫ塑性变形plａstic distorｔion脆性材料brｉｔtleness materiaｌﻫ刚度准则rigidity cｒiterion垫圈ｗａｓｈerﻫ垫片ｓpacer直齿圆柱齿轮sｔrａight toｏｔhed spur gｅaｒ斜齿圆柱齿轮heｌicaｌ-spur gearﻫ直齿锥齿轮ｓtｒａｉgｈt ｂeveｌｇeａr ﻫ运动简图kｉnemａｔｉｃskｅtｃhﻫ齿轮齿条pinioｎａnd rack蜗杆蜗轮ｗorm and ｗorm geａr虚约束pａsｓivｅconstraintﻫ曲柄ｃrank摇杆rａcｋer凸轮cams共轭曲线cｏｎjuｇaｔe ｃurveﻫ范成法ｇeｎeratｉon ｍethｏd ﻫ定义域deｆiniｔiｏｎaｌdｏmａin值域range导数＼\微分differeｎtial coefｆｉｃienｔﻫ求导ｄeriｖａtion ﻫ定积分definite intｅgrａl不定积分ｉnｄefinｉte inｔegral曲率ｃuｒvature偏微分partiａl diffｅrentiａl毛坯ｒoｕgｈﻫ游标卡尺ｓlide caliperﻫ千分尺mｉcromeｔer calｉｐers ﻫ攻丝tａp二阶行列式sｅcond oｒder determinａnt逆矩阵invｅrse matｒｉx线性方程组linｅar 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fiｎder巡边器ﻫconｃave凸cｏnvex凹ﻫsｈort射料不足nicｋ缺口ｓｐeck瑕疵sｈine亮班ｓpｌay 银纹ﻫｇaｓmark焦痕ﻫdelamｉnａtion起鳞ﻫｃoｌd slｕg冷块bｌush 导色ﻫgougｅ沟槽;凿槽ﻫsatin ｔeｘtｕre段面咬花witｎesｓline证示线ﻫpaｔｅnt专利ﻫｇrit沙砾ﻫgｒaｎuｌe=pｅｕet=grain细粒ﻫgrit ｍaｋer抽粒机cushｉｏｎ缓冲magnalｉｕm镁铝合金ｍaｇnｅsｉｕm镁金mｅtal plaｔe钣金ﻫlａthｅ车miｌl锉ﻫpｌaｎe刨ｇｒinｄ磨ﻫdrilｌ铝boｒiｎg镗blinsｔer气泡ﻫfｉllet镶;嵌边throｕgh－hｏｌe forｍ通孔形式ｖollｅｒｐｉn formalｉtｙ滚针形式ﻫcam drｉvｅr铡楔ﻫshａnk摸柄ｃraｎk ｓｈaft曲柄轴auｇuｌar oｆfset角度偏差ﻫvｅｌｏcｉty速度pｒoduｃtｉｏｎｔｅmｐo生产进度现状ｔｏrqｕe扭矩spline=the multiｐlｅｋeys花键ﻫquenching淬火ﻫtｅmpｅring回火ﻫannealinｇ退火ﻫcarbonｉｚatiｏｎ碳化ﻫtungsｔeｎhigh sｐｅeｄｓteel钨高速得ﻫｍoly high speed steel钼高速得ﻫorganic solvｅnt有机溶剂ﻫbraｃket小磁导ｌｉaiｓｏn联络单ﻫvｏlatiｌｅ挥发性ﻫｒeｓｉｓｔａnce电阻ion离子ﻫtitrａｔor滴定仪ﻫｂeaｃon警示灯coolanｔ冷却液cｒｕsher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆Aｒｃhｉmedeｓwｏrmﻫ安全系数ｓａfeｔyｆactor；factor of sａｆｅtyﻫ安全载荷safe load凹面、凹度ｃoncavｉｔyﻫ扳手ｗreｎch ﻫ板簧flａtｌeaf sｐring半圆键wooｄｒuff keｙﻫ变形defｏrmａtionﻫ摆杆oscillaｔiｎg baｒ摆动从动件osｃillatｉng followｅrﻫ摆动从动件凸轮机构cam with oscillatinｇfollower摆动导杆机构osｃｉlｌatｉng guide—ｂａr mｅchaniｓｍﻫ摆线齿轮cycloidal geａr摆线齿形cｙｃloiｄａｌtooth profile摆线运动规律ｃycloｉdal motion摆线针轮cycloｉdal-pｉn wheelﻫ包角angｌｅof conｔａctﻫ保持架cageﻫ背对背安装back—to－ｂaｃk aｒｒangｅmｅntﻫ背锥ｂack ｃone；normal ｃｏｎeﻫ背锥角bａck angｌeﻫ背锥距ｂack cｏnｅｄistａnceﻫ比例尺ｓｃaleﻫ比热容ｓpｅcｉｆｉcｈｅat caｐacｉty闭式链closed kinｅmaticｃhａiｎﻫ闭链机构ｃlosｅd chain mｅｃhａnism臂部ａrm变频器frequenｃy convｅrtersﻫ变频调速freｑueｎcy cｏnｔrol ｏｆmotoｒspｅed变速sｐｅｅｄchangeﻫ变速齿轮chanｇe geａr ｃｈanｇeｗheeｌﻫ变位齿轮modｉfieｄｇearﻫ变位系数ｍodｉficationｃoeｆficieｎtﻫ标准齿轮standard geａｒ标准直齿轮standaｒd spuｒｇｅａr表面质量系数superficial mass facｔoｒﻫ表面传热系数surfaｃe coefficｉeｎt oｆｈｅat tｒaｎsｆerﻫ表面粗糙度surfａｃｅroughneｓsﻫ并联式组合binatiｏn in pａrａllel并联机构paraｌlel mechaｎisｍﻫ并联组合机构parallel bined mｅchａnismﻫ并行工程conｃurrent ｅngｉneeringﻫ并行设计ｃｏnｃurｒｅd deｓigｎ，ＣＤ不平衡相位phase aｎgle oｆｕnbalance不平衡ｉmbalance (or unbalａｎce）ﻫ不平衡量amoｕnｔof uｎｂalanceﻫ不完全齿轮机构intｅrmittent gearｉng波发生器ｗａvｅgenｅrator波数numbｅr of wａvｅsﻫ补偿pensａtion参数化设计ｐarａmetｅｒizaｔioｎdｅｓign，PDﻫ残余应力residual strｅｓsﻫ操纵及控制装置opｅrａtｉon coｎtrol ｄｅｖice槽轮Ｇeneｖa ｗheｅlﻫ槽轮机构Genｅvaｍecｈaｎisｍ；Maｌtesｅcｒossﻫ槽数Gｅnevaｎumｅrａte槽凸轮groove ｃamﻫ侧隙bａcklashﻫ差动轮系diｆｆerentｉal gearｔraiｎ差动螺旋机构ｄiffeｒeｎｔial scｒew mechanismﻫ差速器diffｅrential常用机构ｃｏnｖeｎtｉoｎal ｍｅchaｎiｓm；ｍecｈaｎｉsmｉn ｍon uｓｅ车床lａtｈeﻫ承载量系数ｂearing capacity ｆactｏrﻫ承载能力beariｎg ｃapａcity成对安装pａired moｕntinｇ尺寸系列ｄimeｎｓｉon sｅｒiesﻫ齿槽tooｔh space齿槽宽spacｅwiｄth齿侧间隙backlａshﻫ齿顶高ａｄdendｕm齿顶圆addendｕm ciｒｃle齿根高ｄｅdendum齿根圆dｅｄendｕm cｉrcleﻫ齿厚ｔooｔh thicknｅｓs齿距circｕlａr pitchﻫ齿宽faｃｅｗidｔh齿廓ｔooｔh profilｅ齿廓曲线ｔooth cｕrve齿轮geaｒﻫ齿轮变速箱spｅｅd—ｃhangiｎg geaｒboｘesﻫ齿轮齿条机构pinｉｏn anｄｒackﻫ齿轮插刀pｉnion ｃuｔter；pinｉoｎ－shａp ｅｄshaper cutter齿轮滚刀hob，hobbｉnｇcutterﻫ齿轮机构ｇｅarﻫ齿轮轮坯blank齿轮传动系pinion unit齿轮联轴器geaｒcｏuplingﻫ齿条传动rａck ｇearﻫ齿数toothｎumｂer齿数比geaｒｒａｔｉo齿条ｒａｃk齿条插刀rack cutter；raｃk—shapeｄshapeｒｃutteｒ齿形链、无声链silenｔchain齿形系数foｒmｆaｃｔor齿式棘轮机构tｏoth ratchet mechａnism插齿机ｇｅａr sｈａｐerﻫ重合点coｉncident poiｎtsﻫ重合度contａｃt ratｉｏ冲床pｕncｈ传动比tｒaｎsmisｓｉoｎｒａtio，speeｄraｔｉｏ传动装置gearing；tranｓmissiｏn ｇear传动系统driｖen sｙstｅmﻫ传动角transｍiｓsｉon angｌe传动轴ｔransmｉssｉｏｎshａftﻫ串联式组合bｉnation iｎseｒｉesﻫ串联式组合机构seｒｉes binｅd mecｈanismﻫ串级调速casｃade speｅｄｃｏｎｔｒol创新inｎovatiｏn ｃrｅatiｏnﻫ创新设计crｅatｉon ｄeｓign垂直载荷、法向载荷normａｌloadﻫ唇形橡胶密封lip ruｂｂer seaｌﻫ磁流体轴承ｍagｎｅticｆｌuid bｅarｉｎg从动带轮dｒivｅｎｐulleｙ从动件ｄrｉvｅｎlink，folｌｏwｅｒﻫ从动件平底宽度widｔh oｆｆlａt－face从动件停歇ｆｏlloｗeｒdｗellﻫ从动件运动规律ｆolｌｏweｒmｏtionﻫ从动轮drivｅn gear粗线bold lｉneﻫ粗牙螺纹coarsｅｔhread大齿轮gear wｈｅｅlﻫ打包机paｃkｅr打滑slippingﻫ带传动belt ｄrｉvingﻫ带轮belt ｐullｅy带式制动器band brakeﻫ单列轴承sｉnｇle roｗbearｉng单向推力轴承siｎgle－dirｅcｔｉon thrｕsｔbeａring单万向联轴节singｌe ｕｎiveｒsal ｊｏint单位矢量unit vecｔｏr当量齿轮eｑｕｉvalｅｎt spｕrｇear；virtual gearﻫ当量齿数equivaｌeｎt tｅｅtｈnumber；viｒtuａｌnumｂeｒｏf teｅtｈ当量摩擦系数eｑuivalｅnt cｏeffiｃｉenｔof frictｉonﻫ当量载荷equiｖaｌent loaｄﻫ刀具ｃutｔerﻫ导数ｄerivative倒角chaｍｆｅrﻫ导热性conduｃｔｉonｏf hｅat导程leadﻫ导程角ｌead angleﻫ等加等减速运动规律ｐaraｂｏlic motion；cｏｎｓtaｎt accｅleｒation anｄｄeceleratｉon motionﻫ等速运动规律uｎifｏrm mｏtion；consｔanｔveloｃity ｍｏtiｏｎ等径凸轮ｃonjuｇaｔe yokｅradial camﻫ等宽凸轮coｎsｔaｎt-breａdth camﻫ等效构件equivaleｎt liｎkﻫ等效力equivａleｎt forceﻫ等效力矩eｑuｉvalenｔmｏment oｆfoｒｃｅ等效量ｅquiｖａleｎtﻫ等效质量ｅquivaｌent mａss等效转动惯量ｅquivａlenｔmoment oｆinertｉａ等效动力学模型dynａmicａｌlｙequｉvalenｔｍｏdelﻫ底座ｃｈassｉs低副lｏwer paｉr点划线chain dotｔedｌｉne（疲劳）点蚀pｉttingﻫ垫圈gaｓketﻫ垫片密封gasket sｅal碟形弹簧bｅlleville ｓpriｎgﻫ顶隙bottom cleａraｎceﻫ定轴轮系ordｉnarｙgear tｒaｉn；geａr trａｉn ｗith ｆｉxeｄaxeｓﻫ动力学dynamiｃsﻫ动密封kinｅmatiｃal sealﻫ动能dynamｉc ｅneｒgy动力粘度ｄynaｍｉc vｉｓcoｓity动力润滑dynamic lubricatiｏn动平衡ｄｙnamiｃbalanceﻫ动平衡机dyｎamiｃbａlaｎｃing mａｃhiｎe动态特性dｙnamic cｈaracteriｓticsﻫ动态分析设计ｄynamic anａｌysis design动压力dｙnamic reactｉoｎ动载荷dynamic load端面transverse pｌaｎe端面参数tranｓvｅｒse parametｅrsﻫ端面齿距tｒａnsverseｃirculａr ｐｉtchﻫ端面齿廓traｎsveｒse ｔooth prｏfｉleﻫ端面重合度traｎsverse contaｃt ratioﻫ端面模数transｖerse ｍｏｄuleﻫ端面压力角transvｅrse prｅｓsureａngle锻造foｒｇeﻫ对称循环应力ｓｙｍｍeｔrｙｃｉrculａtｉｎｇstrｅｓsﻫ对心滚子从动件raｄiａl （ｏr in-liｎｅ）rolｌeｒfｏlｌoweｒﻫ对心直动从动件rａｄial (or iｎ-lｉne ) ｔrａｎslaｔinｇfｏlｌｏwerﻫ对心移动从动件ｒａｄial reciprｏcaｔiｎg folｌｏweｒﻫ对心曲柄滑块机构in—linｅslｉder－crank(ｏｒcranｋ-sliｄer）mechａnismﻫ多列轴承mｕlti—row bearingﻫ多楔带ｐｏly V—ｂｅlｔ多项式运动规律polynomｉａl ｍｏｔｉｏｎﻫ多质量转子rotｏr wｉtｈｓevｅral ｍａsｓeｓﻫ惰轮idｌe gｅａr额定寿命rating life额定载荷loａｄratｉngII级杆组ｄyadﻫ发生线genｅratiｎg ｌine发生面generaｔiｎg planｅ法面nｏrｍalｐｌａne法面参数normal paramｅｔerｓﻫ法面齿距normal cirｃular ｐitch法面模数normal ｍｏｄule法面压力角ｎormal ｐｒeｓsure aｎgleﻫ法向齿距normal pitch法向齿廓noｒmａl tｏotｈprｏfileﻫ法向直廓蜗杆ｓtｒaiｇｈt sided normal wｏrｍﻫ法向力ｎｏrmal ｆorｃeﻫ反馈式组合feｅｄback bining 反向运动学invｅｒｓｅ（ｏr backwarｄ）ｋinｅmaｔicｓﻫ反转法ｋｉｎematic invｅrｓｉon反正切Arctanﻫ范成法gｅneratiｎｇｃｕtｔｉng仿形法form ｃｕtｔingﻫ方案设计、概念设计cｏncepｔdesign, ＣＤﻫ防振装置sｈockpｒoof devicｅﻫ飞轮fｌywｈeｅl飞轮矩momeｎｔof flywheel非标准齿轮nonstanｄardｇｅar非接触式密封non-contaｃt seaｌ非周期性速度波动aperiodiｃspeeｄfｌuctuatiｏｎﻫ非圆齿轮noｎ-circular gearﻫ粉末合金powdｅｒｍetalｌuｒgyﻫ分度线ｒeferｅnce line; staｎdaｒdｐitｃh lineﻫ分度圆refｅrｅnce cｉrｃle；ｓtandaｒd （cｕttiｎg)ｐitｃh circlｅ分度圆柱导程角lead aｎｇlｅaｔrｅferenｃｅcyｌinｄｅrﻫ分度圆柱螺旋角helix ａngle at reference ｃylｉｎderﻫ分母dｅnomiｎatｏrﻫ分子n ｕmeratorﻫ分度圆锥ｒeferenｃｅcone；standarｄpｉｔｃh coneﻫ分析法aｎａｌyｔicａｌｍｅtｈｏdﻫ封闭差动轮系ｐlａneｔarｙdiffｅrｅntｉalﻫ复合铰链pｏｕnｄhｉｎgeﻫ复合式组合pound biniｎg复合轮系pｏuｎd （ｏｒbineｄ) geａr train复合平带pound fｌａt belt复合应力bｉnｅｄｓｔｒeｓｓ复式螺旋机构pound screw mechａnism复杂机构pｌｅx mｅchaｎｉsmﻫ杆组Asｓｕr groｕｐ干涉inteｒferencｅﻫ刚度系数stiｆｆnｅss coｅfｆicｉent刚轮rigiｄcｉrculaｒｓpｌine钢丝软轴ｗiｒe ｓoft sｈａft刚体导引机构ｂodｙｇuiｄancｅmｅchaｎisｍ刚性冲击ｒigid imｐulse(shｏｃｋ）ﻫ刚性转子rigiｄrotoｒﻫ刚性轴承rigiｄbeariｎgﻫ刚性联轴器ｒiｇidｃouplingﻫ高度系列heigｈt series 高速带hｉgｈｓpｅed beltﻫ高副ｈiｇhｅr pair格拉晓夫定理Gｒashｏｆf｀s ｌaｗﻫ根切undercuttinｇﻫ公称直径nominal dｉameterﻫ高度系列heighｔsｅriesﻫ功woｒk工况系数aｐpｌｉcatｉｏn ｆａctorﻫ工艺设计tｅchｎologicａl desｉgｎﻫ工作循环图ｗoｒkｉng ｃｙcｌe ｄiaｇrａm工作机构ｏperation ｍｅchaniｓｍ工作载荷extｅrnal ｌoads工作空间workiｎg spａce工作应力woｒkingｓtｒｅss工作阻力ｅfｆectivｅｒesisｔａnce工作阻力矩ｅffeｃｔｉｖe reｓｉｓｔａnce moment公法线mｏn normaｌlineﻫ公共约束ｇeneral coｎstraintﻫ公制齿轮metｒic geａrsﻫ功率powｅｒﻫ功能分析设计fuｎｃtion aｎalyｓes desigｎﻫ共轭齿廓cｏｎｊugate proｆilesﻫ共轭凸轮ｃonjugaｔe cam构件liｎk鼓风机bｌoweｒﻫ固定构件fixed link；frａmｅﻫ固体润滑剂solｉd lｕbrｉcａnt关节型操作器jｏiｎted maｎｉpulator惯性力ineｒtia forcｅﻫ惯性力矩mｏmeｎｔｏf ｉnｅrtia ,ｓｈａkｉｎg momenｔﻫ惯性力平衡bａｌａｎce of shａkｉng ｆorｃeﻫ惯性力完全平衡full balanｃe of sｈaking foｒceﻫ惯性力部分平衡ｐａrtｉal balaｎｃｅｏｆshaking forceﻫ惯性主矩resuｌtant momenｔof ineｒtia惯性主失reｓultant vectｏｒｏf ｉnｅrtia冠轮cｒowｎgearﻫ广义机构genｅｒａｔｉoｎｍecｈanisｍﻫ广义坐标generａlized cooｒｄiｎaｔｅ轨迹生成ｐａth ｇeｎeration轨迹发生器paｔｈgeneｒatｏrﻫ滚刀hob滚道raceｗay滚动体rollｉng ｅｌeｍeｎt滚动轴承rolliｎg beａringﻫ滚动轴承代号ｒｏｌlｉng bearｉng ideｎtificａtioｎcode滚针ｎeｅdlｅｒoｌler滚针轴承ｎeedle roｌｌer beａrinｇﻫ滚子roｌlerﻫ滚子轴承roｌｌｅrｂearingﻫ滚子半径rａdius of ｒolleｒﻫ滚子从动件roller ｆollowｅr滚子链ｒｏｌlｅrｃhaｉnﻫ滚子链联轴器doublｅｒｏller chain couplingﻫ滚珠丝杆ｂalｌscｒewﻫ滚柱式单向超越离合器rｏller cｌutch过度切割underｃuttingﻫ函数发生器ｆunction ｇeneraｔｏr函数生成fｕnctiｏｎgenerａtion ﻫ含油轴承oiｌbｅarinｇﻫ耗油量oｉl consumptionﻫ耗油量系数oil consumｐtion fａｃtoｒ赫兹公式H、Heｒtz eqｕationﻫ合成弯矩ｒesｕltaｎt bendｉnｇｍoｍentﻫ合力ｒesuｌｔａnt fｏrｃe合力矩ｒｅｓultant ｍomeｎt ｏf forcｅﻫ黑箱blackｂｏｘﻫ横坐标absciｓsa互换性齿轮interｃｈangｅablｅgeａrs花键ｓpliｎeﻫ滑键、导键ｆｅaｔhｅｒｋey滑动轴承slidiｎg bｅaｒing滑动率slｉｄｉng ratioﻫ滑块sliderﻫ环面蜗杆toｒｏid helicoｉds worｍ环形弹簧annｕlar sｐrｉnｇ缓冲装置ｓhocks; sｈoｃk—absorbｅr灰铸铁gｒｅｙcａｓt iron回程ｒｅtｕｒn回转体平衡balａnｃe oｆrotors混合轮系ｐoundｇeａr train积分inｔｅgｒaｔｅ机电一体化系统设计mechanｉｃal-elecｔriｃａlｉｎtegratｉon system ｄeｓigｎ机构mechａniｓmﻫ机构分析aｎａｌysｉｓof meｃhaniｓm机构平衡balaｎcｅof meｃｈaｎismﻫ机构学ｍeｃhanisｍ机构运动设计kinematiｃｄesign of mechanｉsｍ机构运动简图ｋinｅｍａtic sketch of mechanｉｓmﻫ机构综合syｎｔhｅsis oｆmechanｉsm机构组成ｃonsｔitution of ｍｅcｈａnismﻫ机架frame,fiｘｅdｌink机架变换kinemａｔｉc inversiｏn机器machine机器人rｏbｏt机器人操作器mａniｐulａｔor机器人学robｏtiｃｓ技术过程ｔechniquｅprｏｃesｓ技术经济评价tecｈnical and economic evalｕaｔiｏnﻫ技术系统technique ｓystｅm机械mａcｈｉneryﻫ机械创新设计mechanicalｃreatioｎdesｉgn，ＭCＤﻫ机械系统设计mechaniｃal sysｔem ｄesigｎ, MSD机械动力分析ｄynａmic analyｓis oｆmａchinery机械动力设计dynamic dｅsigｎｏf mａcｈｉnｅｒyﻫ机械动力学dynaｍicｓof mａchinｅryﻫ机械得现代设计mｏｄerｎｍａchｉnｅdｅsｉgnﻫ机械系统meｃhａnｉcａl sｙｓtｅｍﻫ机械利益ｍechanical advaｎｔage机械平衡bａlaｎce of ｍachinｅｒyﻫ机械手mａnipulａtoｒ机械设计mａｃhinｅｄeｓiｇn；mecｈaniｃａｌdeｓｉgnﻫ机械特性mｅcｈanical bｅhavioｒ机械调速mｅchaｎiｃal sｐｅed gｏvｅrnors机械效率mecｈanｉcal efficieｎｃyﻫ机械原理ｔheｏry ofｍachiｎes anｄmechanismsﻫ机械运转不均匀系数ｃoefｆicｉent oｆｓpeed flｕctuａtｉon机械无级变速meｃhａniｃａl steplｅssｓpeed chaｎgeｓ基础机构ｆundamｅntal meｃｈａｎｉsｍﻫ基本额定寿命basic rａtinｇlｉfeﻫ基于实例设计cａse-baｓｅd deｓｉgn,CBD基圆base cｉrclｅﻫ基圆半径radius ｏf baｓe cｉrcｌｅ基圆齿距bａse pitｃh基圆压力角presｓｕrｅangle of bａse circlｅ基圆柱base ｃylinder基圆锥base cｏne急回机构quick－retｕrn ｍｅｃhanisｍ急回特性quick—retuｒn characｔeｒistiｃｓ急回系数advancｅ—tｏｒeｔurn-ｔiｍe ratｉo急回运动ｑuick—reｔuｒn mｏtion棘轮ratchｅｔ棘轮机构ratcheｔｍｅchaｎism棘爪pawｌﻫ极限位置extreme (or limiｔiｎg）poｓｉtｉonﻫ极位夹角crａnｋaｎｇlｅbeｔween extreme（or limiting）poｓitions计算机辅助设计putｅr aideｄdesign, ＣAＤ计算机辅助制造puter ａided manuｆａcturｉnｇ，ＣAMﻫ计算机集成制造系统puter iｎtegrａted manｕfacturing ｓystem，CIMSﻫ计算力矩fa ｃｔoｒed moment；calcuｌation moment计算弯矩caｌculａteｄbeｎding momｅnｔﻫ加权系数weigｈｔiｎgｅfficient加速度acｃeleration加速度分析accelｅrａtion analysisﻫ加速度曲线accｅleraｔionｄiａgｒam尖点pｏiｎtiｎg; cuspﻫ尖底从动件kniｆｅ—edge ｆoｌlｏwerﻫ间隙bacｋlash间歇运动机构intermittent mｏtｉｏn meｃhanｉsm减速比reducｔionｒatio减速齿轮、减速装置reｄuctionｇｅar减速器ｓpｅed rｅducｅrﻫ减摩性antｉ—friｃtｉoｎquaｌｉty渐开螺旋面ｉnvoｌｕｔeｈeｌiｃoidﻫ渐开线involｕtｅ渐开线齿廓invｏlｕte pｒoｆｉlｅﻫ渐开线齿轮invｏlute gear渐开线发生线geneｒaｔｉng liｎe ofｉnvolｕｔｅﻫ渐开线方程invｏlute equatiｏnﻫ渐开线函数invｏlｕｔｅfuｎctｉon渐开线蜗杆involuｔｅwoｒmﻫ渐开线压力角ｐrｅｓｓure aｎglｅof ｉnvoｌute渐开线花键involute spｌineﻫ简谐运动ｓimｐle haｒmonic motiｏnﻫ键key键槽keywａy交变应力reｐeatｅd strｅssﻫ交变载荷ｒｅpeaｔed fluctｕaｔing loadﻫ交叉带传动ｃross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮cｒｏssed helicａｌgearsﻫ胶合ｓcｏrｉｎgﻫ角加速度ａngulaｒaccelerａｔionﻫ角速度ａngular vｅlociｔy角速比aｎｇulａr veloｃity ratio角接触球轴承aｎｇｕlar contact baｌl bｅaｒinｇ角接触推力轴承anguｌar contacｔｔhrust ｂeａringﻫ角接触向心轴承aｎgular coｎｔaｃt radｉal ｂearingﻫ角接触轴承angulａｒcｏnｔact bearing铰链、枢纽hingeﻫ校正平面corｒecｔingｐlanｅ接触应力coｎtact stｒesｓ接触式密封conｔact sｅal阶梯轴mｕltｉ—ｄｉaｍｅｔeｒsｈａftﻫ结构ｓtrｕcｔureﻫ结构设计ｓtruｃtuｒal dｅsign截面sｅｃtioｎ节点ｐitｃh ｐointﻫ节距circular piｔｃh；pitch oｆtｅethﻫ节线piｔｃh lineﻫ节圆pitcｈcirｃlｅﻫ节圆齿厚thｉcknｅss on piｔｃｈcircleﻫ节圆直径pitchｄｉametｅr节圆锥pitchｃoｎe节圆锥角pitｃh conｅangle解析设计analytｉｃａl desiｇn紧边ｔigｈt-sideﻫ紧固件fａstener径节diａｍeｔral piｔｃh径向ｒadiaｌdiｒectionﻫ径向当量动载荷dｙｎamic equｉvalenｔradial ｌoａd径向当量静载荷statｉc equｉvａlenｔrａdial loadﻫ径向基本额定动载荷basiｃdynamｉc radｉal loaｄｒaｔiｎｇﻫ径向基本额定静载荷ｂasic s ｔatic rａdiａl ｌｏad tatiｎg径向接触轴承ｒadｉal contａct bearｉng径向平面radiａｌplanｅﻫ径向游隙ｒａdial ｉｎtｅrnaｌclearanｃe径向载荷radｉal loadﻫ径向载荷系数rａdial loａdｆactor径向间隙clearaｎceﻫ静力stａtｉc ｆorｃｅ静平衡static balanceﻫ静载荷stａｔic lｏad静密封static sｅal局部自由度ｐasｓivｅdeｇree of frｅｅdｏｍﻫ矩阵matｒixﻫ矩形螺纹sqｕaｒe threadeｄfｏｒmﻫ锯齿形螺纹bｕｔtrｅsｓthｒead formﻫ矩形牙嵌式离合器ｓquaｒｅ－ｊａw positiｖe-ｃontacｔｃｌutch绝对尺寸系数aｂｓｏlｕte dimｅnｓioｎal factorﻫ绝对运动ａbｓoluｔe moｔｉｏn绝对速度absoluｔeｖeloｃitｙ均衡装置lｏad ｂａlanｃｉng mechanismﻫ抗压强度prｅsｓion sｔrength开口传动ｏpen—belt drｉvｅﻫ开式链oｐｅn kinematic chain开链机构opｅｎcｈａin mecｈanｉsｍ可靠度degｒee of ｒelｉaｂiliｔyﻫ可靠性ｒelｉａbility可靠性设计relｉability desigｎ，RＤﻫ空气弹簧air sｐｒｉngﻫ空间机构spaｔiａｌmeｃhanism空间连杆机构spaｔial ｌｉnkａｇeﻫ空间凸轮机构spａtial cａｍﻫ空间运动副spaｔial kｉnｅmatｉc pａiｒ空间运动链ｓpatiａl ｋｉneｍatiｃchａin空转ｉdleﻫ宽度系列width seriesﻫ框图ｂloｃk diaｇramﻫ雷诺方程Ｒeｙnolds‘ｓeqｕatｉｏn ﻫ离心力cｅntrifugaｌforce离心应力ｃeｎtｒｉfｕgalｓtrｅssﻫ离合器clｕtcｈﻫ离心密封ceｎtrｉfugal seａl理论廓线pitｃｈcurve理论啮合线tｈeorｅtｉｃaｌline ｏf actionﻫ隶属度ｍeｍbeｒsｈiｐ力fｏｒcｅﻫ力多边形foｒｃe ｐolygonﻫ力封闭型凸轮机构foｒce—ｄrｉve (oｒfoｒｃe－ｃlosｅd) cam meｃhanｉsｍﻫ力矩momeｎtﻫ力平衡eｑuilibrium力偶cｏｕplｅﻫ力偶矩moｍｅｎt of couｐleﻫ连杆conneｃtｉng rod，coｕplerﻫ连杆机构ｌinkaｇe连杆曲线coupler—cuｒve连心线lｉne oｆcenｔersﻫ链chａiｎﻫ链传动装置ｃhain ｇｅarｉngﻫ链轮sｐrockｅt ｓｐｒocket—ｗheel ｓpｒocｋｅｔgear ｃhaiｎwhe ｅｌ联组V带tｉgｈt－up Ｖbｅlt联轴器cｏｕｐlinｇsｈａft ｃoupｌingﻫ两维凸轮two－dｉmensioｎａｌcam临界转速crｉtical speed六杆机构ｓix-bar lｉnｋageﻫ龙门刨床ｄoubleＨaaｓｐlaneｒ轮坯blanｋ轮系ｇear ｔraｉｎﻫ螺杆scrｅw螺距thrｅaｄｐｉtｃｈﻫ螺母ｓｃrewｎuｔ螺旋锥齿轮hｅlical bevel gearﻫ螺钉ｓｃrews螺栓bｏltsﻫ螺纹导程leaｄﻫ螺纹效率scｒeｗeｆficieｎｃyﻫ螺旋传动pｏwer ｓcreｗﻫ螺旋密封spｉrａl seａlﻫ螺纹ｔｈreａd (of a scｒew)ﻫ螺旋副helicaｌpair螺旋机构ｓｃrｅw meｃhanismﻫ螺旋角heｌixａngle螺旋线ｈelｉx ，hｅliｃaｌlineﻫ绿色设计ｇreeｎdeｓigｎdesign for enviroｎmｅntﻫ马耳她机构Ｇeｎevａwheel Geneva gearﻫ马耳她十字Malteｓｅｃｒｏss ﻫ脉动无级变速ｐｕlsａｔiｎg steｐlesｓsｐeed cｈanｇeｓ脉动循环应力flｕctuａtingｃircｕlａtｉｎg stｒess脉动载荷flｕcｔuａtｉｎg load铆钉rivet迷宫密封labyrinth ｓｅaｌﻫ密封ｓeal密封带sｅal ｂeｌtﻫ密封胶seal ｇumﻫ密封元件ｐotted ponｅntﻫ密封装置ｓeaｌｉｎg aｒraｎgemｅｎｔﻫ面对面安装faｃe—to-faｃe ａrr ａngeｍent面向产品生命周期设计ｄesigｎｆor ｐｒoducｔ`s life ｃyｃle，ＤPLCﻫ名义应力、公称应力nominaｌstressﻫ模块化设计modｕlａｒdeｓign, MDﻫ模块式传动系统moduｌar sysｔemﻫ模幅箱morｐhology ｂｏxﻫ模糊集ｆｕzｚy setﻫ模糊评价ｆｕzｚｙevａlｕatiｏnﻫ模数ｍoduｌｅ摩擦fｒiｃtiｏnﻫ摩擦角frictｉｏn angle摩擦力ｆｒiｃtion foｒｃe摩擦学设计tribｏlogy desigｎ, ＴDﻫ摩擦阻力fｒictional ｒesistaｎｃe摩擦力矩frｉｃtioｎmoｍent摩擦系数coeｆｆiciｅｎt of frｉctｉｏn摩擦圆friｃtion circle磨损ａbrasion wｅar；sｃrａtchinｇ末端执行器end－effectoｒ目标函数objective funｃtiｏn耐腐蚀性corroｓion rｅsistaｎce ﻫ耐磨性wear resiｓｔaｎce挠性机构mｅｃhaｎism with flexiｂle eleｍｅｎtsﻫ挠性转子flexｉｂlｅrotoｒ内齿轮intｅrnal gearﻫ内齿圈ｒinｇgearﻫ内力inｔｅrnal forceﻫ内圈iｎner ring能量eｎergyﻫ能量指示图ｖiｓcｏｓｉtyﻫ逆时针counterclockwｉsｅ（or anticlockｗisｅ）ﻫ啮出eｎgagiｎg－out啮合engageｍｅｎt，ｍesｈ，ｇｅarｉng啮合点contacｔpｏinｔsﻫ啮合角ｗｏrkiｎg prｅsｓuｒe anglｅﻫ啮合线linｅof aｃtiｏｎﻫ啮合线长度lenｇtｈof ｌinｅof ａctiｏｎ啮入ｅｎgagｉnｇ—iｎﻫ牛头刨床shapｅr凝固点frｅeｚing poｉnt；sｏlidifyｉnｇpｏintﻫ扭转应力torｓion strｅss扭矩mｏmeｎｔｏf ｔorqueﻫ扭簧ｈeｌical ｔorｓｉon spring诺模图NomｏgramＯ形密封圈密封O rｉｎg seal盘形凸轮disｋcamﻫ盘形转子disk—likｅrotoｒ抛物线运动ｐaraboｌic mｏtionﻫ疲劳极限fatｉguｅlimitﻫ疲劳强度fａtigue stｒeｎgｔh偏置式offｓeｔﻫ偏(心）距ｏffset ｄistance偏心率ｅｃceｎtｒiciｔy ｒatioﻫ偏心质量eccentric massﻫ偏距圆oｆfset ciｒcｌeﻫ偏心盘eccentrｉc偏置滚子从动件oｆfsｅｔrolleｒｆｏllｏｗerﻫ偏置尖底从动件ｏffsｅtｋｎifｅ—edｇe fｏlloｗerﻫ偏置曲柄滑块机构ofｆsｅtｓlider—cｒａｎk mechａnｉsm拼接matchinｇ评价与决策evaluation ａｎd decｉsioｎ频率ｆrequencyﻫ平带ｆlat ｂelｔ平带传动flat belt drivingﻫ平底从动件ｆlat-face ｆoｌlowerﻫ平底宽度facｅwiｄtｈﻫ平分线ｂisｅcｔor平均应力ａveraｇe ｓtrｅssﻫ平均中径meａn scrｅw ｄｉａmeterﻫ平均速度averａge velocitｙﻫ平衡baｌanｃeﻫ平衡机balancｉng mａcｈineﻫ平衡品质ｂalancinｇｑuaｌｉtyﻫ平衡平面ｃorrecｔiｎｇplａnｅﻫ平衡质量bａlancinｇmａsｓﻫ平衡重ｃouｎterwｅigｈtﻫ平衡转速bａｌancing ｓpeeｄ平面副ｐlａnａr ｐaｉｒ, flat paiｒﻫ平面机构planar mechaｎｉsmﻫ平面运动副planaｒkｉｎｅmａtｉｃpaｉrﻫ平面连杆机构plaｎar linkａｇeﻫ平面凸轮pｌanaｒcａmﻫ平面凸轮机构planar ｃaｍmechanｉｓm平面轴斜齿轮ｐaraｌｌeｌheliｃal ｇeaｒｓﻫ普通平键paｒalｌel keyﻫ其她常用机构otｈeｒｍｅchanisｍiｎmon use ﻫ起动阶段ｓｔａrｔing period启动力矩sｔａrtｉnｇｔｏrｑue气动机构pｎeｕmaｔiｃmｅｃhaniｓm奇异位置singulａr poｓitioｎ起始啮合点initｉal ｃonｔact，beｇinninｇoｆcontaｃt气体轴承gａs beａrｉng千斤顶jaｃｋﻫ嵌入键sunk key强迫振动foｒced vibrａtｉｏn切齿深度depth ｏf cutﻫ曲柄craｎk曲柄存在条件Grashoｆf`ｓｌａw曲柄导杆机构ｃrank shａper (guiｄe-bａｒ）mechanism曲柄滑块机构sliｄer－crank (ｏｒcｒanｋ-slｉder) mechanismﻫ曲柄摇杆机构cｒaｎk-rocｋer ｍｅｃｈanismﻫ曲齿锥齿轮spirａl beｖel geａr 曲率curvature曲率半径ｒadｉｕs of ｃuｒvatｕreﻫ曲面从动件ｃurvｅd-shoe followeｒ曲线拼接cuｒvｅｍatchingﻫ曲线运动curｖilｉnｅar motionﻫ曲轴craｎk ｓｈaｆtﻫ驱动力drｉviｎg forｃeﻫ驱动力矩drｉviｎg momenｔ(tｏrque）ﻫ全齿高whｏｌe dｅｐｔｈ权重集ｗeighｔｓeｔs球ｂallﻫ球面滚子coｎvｅx rolｌｅrﻫ球轴承ball beａrｉｎgﻫ球面副spｈｅrｉc pair球面渐开线spｈeｒｉcal invoｌutｅﻫ球面运动spherical motioｎ球销副spｈere—pin paｉr球坐标操作器polar coorｄｉnａte mａｎｉｐulａtorﻫ燃点spontaneous ｉgｎitｉｏn热平衡hｅat ｂalａｎｃe；thermal equｉｌiｂrｉum ﻫ人字齿轮hｅrrｉnｇbｏｎe ｇear冗余自由度rｅdundaｎt dｅgｒｅe of freｅｄoｍ柔轮flｅxsplｉneﻫ柔性冲击flexible imｐulｓe; soft shocｋﻫ柔性制造系统fｌeｘiｂle manufactuｒｉng system；FMSﻫ柔性自动化flexible automationﻫ润滑油膜lｕbｒiｃａnt ｆilｍ润滑装置ｌｕｂricａtioｎdeｖicｅﻫ润滑lubricationﻫ润滑剂lubｒiｃaｎtﻫ三角形花键ｓeｒration ｓpline三角形螺纹V ｔｈreaｄsｃreｗ三维凸轮thｒee-diｍｅnｓioｎａl ｃａm三心定理Ｋｅnnedy`s theoremﻫ砂轮越程槽ｇrinｄiｎgｗhｅeｌｇroｏveﻫ砂漏hour-glass少齿差行星传动plaｎｅtaryｄrｉve with smalｌtｅethｄｉffereｎce设计方法学desｉgn mｅｔhoｄology设计变量dｅsigｎｖａｒｉable设计约束ｄｅsign coｎsｔｒaintｓﻫ深沟球轴承dｅep grｏove ball bｅａｒｉngﻫ生产阻力proｄuctivｅreｓiｓtａnｃｅ升程rｉｓe升距lift实际廓线ｃam ｐrｏｆileﻫ十字滑块联轴器double slider couｐlinｇ; Ｏldham‘s couplingﻫ矢量vｅｃｔorﻫ输出功oｕtpｕt woｒｋﻫ输出构件o ｕｔput lｉｎkﻫ输出机构ｏutpuｔmechanism输出力矩outpｕt toｒque输出轴outｐutｓhaft输入构件ｉｎput liｎkﻫ数学模型ｍａthematic ｍｏdelﻫ实际啮合线actｕal line oｆaｃtiｏn双滑块机构ｄoubｌｅ—sliｄer mechａniｓm，ellｉpsogｒａpｈﻫ双曲柄机构douｂle crank ｍecｈanism双曲面齿轮hyperboloｉｄgｅａrﻫ双头螺柱studsﻫ双万向联轴节ｃonstａｎt-ｖelocity （or double) unｉveｒsａl joiｎtﻫ双摇杆机构doubｌe rockerｍechaｎiｓm双转块机构Oｌdｈａm coupｌingﻫ双列轴承ｄouｂlｅrow bearingﻫ双向推力轴承double-dｉrｅｃtion thrusｔbｅarｉｎgﻫ松边slaｃk-sｉdeﻫ顺时针clockwiｓｅﻫ瞬心inｓtantａｎeouｓｃenter死点deａd poinｔﻫ四杆机构four—bａｒlinkagｅﻫ速度ｖeｌoｃiｔyﻫ速度不均匀( 波动）系数coefficｉent of spｅed flucｔｕation速度波动speeｄｆluｃtuａtion速度曲线veｌocity diａgｒaｍ速度瞬心instanｔａｎeｏus cｅnter ｏf veloｃｉty塔轮sｔep pulley踏板ｐedal台钳、虎钳ｖice太阳轮sun gｅaｒ弹性滑动elａｓticity sliｄing motioｎﻫ弹性联轴器elａstｉc coupling fｌｅxibｌe coｕｐliｎg弹性套柱销联轴器rｕbber－ｃusｈioned sleeve beａring coｕpliｎg套筒sleeｖe梯形螺纹acme threａd foｒmﻫ特殊运动链ｓpｅcial kinemaｔic chainﻫ特性chａracｔeristicsﻫ替代机构ｅｑuivａｌent mechaniｓｍ调节ｍodｕlａtｉｏn，regulａtion调心滚子轴承self-aligning roｌleｒbearｉng调心球轴承self—aliｇnｉng ｂaｌl bｅariｎgﻫ调心轴承selｆ-aligning beaｒinｇ调速ｓpｅeｄｇovｅrniｎｇ调速电动机aｄjuｓtaｂle sｐeedｍｏtｏrｓﻫ调速系统speed control systeｍ调压调速variabｌe voｌtａge ｃｏntrol调速器ｒegulator，goｖｅｒｎorﻫ铁磁流体密封ferrofluid sｅａl停车阶段stoppiｎg pｈａse停歇dwelｌ同步带synchrｏnous belt同步带传动syncｈronｏｕs belt ｄriｖｅﻫ凸得,凸面体ｃonvexﻫ凸轮camﻫ凸轮倒置机构inversｅcａｍmeｃｈａnismﻫ凸轮机构cam,caｍｍechanｉｓｍ凸轮廓线cam 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1. fundamental a. 基础的，基本的3. process n. 工序、过程vt. 使经历某一过程4. molding（美）n. 造型moulding（英）n. 造型5. casting n. 铸造（法）、浇注、铸件8. mold（美）n. 铸型，型mould（英）n. 铸型，型9. govern vt.vi. 支配，决定（be）governed by 取决于……；由……决定，以……为转移。

10. green sand mold n. 湿（砂）型12. pour vi. Vt. 浇注13. dry sand mold n. 干（砂）型14. mixture n. 混合物，混合料15. ram vi. Vt. 冲紧，紧实16. bake vt. Vi. 烘烤，焙烤17. moisture n. 水分，潮气，湿度18. firm a. 坚硬的19. coremaking n. 制芯20. cavity n. 空腔，空洞，孔21. project vt. Vi. 伸出，突出23. binding material n. 粘结材料，粘结剂25. melt vi. Vt. n. 熔化，熔炼，溶液30. burner n. 燃烧器，燃烧炉32. brass n. 黄铜，铜锌合金bronze n. 黄铜，铜锡合金34. crucible furnace n. 坩埚炉35. cast iron n. 铸铁36. cupola n. 冲天炉37. electric arc furnace n. 电弧炉38. open hearth furnace n. 平炉39. converter n. 转炉41. container n. 容器42. ladle n. 浇包43. cleaning n. 清理，清砂44. finishing n. 打磨45. solidify vt. Vi. 使凝固47. gate n. 浇口，内浇口48. riser n.冒口49. adhere vi. 粘附，粘着50. department n. 工段，车间，部门51. inspect vi. Vt. 检查，检验，部门52. heat treatment n. 热处理2. pack vt. 舂、紧，充填3. withdraw （withdrew，withdrawn）vt. 起出，取出5. riddle n.；vt. 筛，过筛6. screen n.；vt. 筛子，筛分8. unifomity n. 均匀性uniformly ad. 均匀地10. facing sand n. 面砂11. heat-resistant a. 耐热的13. collapse vi. 倒塌，毁坏14. excessive a. 过度的15. escape vi. 逸出16. cause vt.；n. 使产生，引起17. blow-hole n. 气孔18. cope n. 上型（箱）19. drag n. 下型（箱）20. boxlike a. 箱形的21. frame n. 框子22. flask n. 砂箱24. cheek n. 中型（箱）25. joint n.；vt. 连接面，接合面26. vent vt. 通气27. venthole n. 通气孔28. properly ad. 适当地，正确地29. permeability n. 透气性30. interior a. 内部的，里面的31. hard-baked a. 烘干，硬化32. insert vt. 放入 n. （pl.）金属型芯，内冷铁33. undercut n. （铸件上的）凹陷部分34. hollow n. 空穴，孔36. assembly n. 总装，组合件37. molten a. 熔融的38. downward ad. a. 向下39. runner n. 横浇道40. compensate vt. 补偿41. shrinkage n. 收缩，收缩量42. remove vt. 去掉，消除43. lug n. （箱）耳44. pin n. （合箱）销46. mold cavity n. 型腔47. parting surface n. 分型面48. pouring basin n. 浇口盆49. gate sprue n. 直浇道50. bottom board n. 底板51. cross-sectional view n. 剖面图2. non-ferrous a. 非铁（金属）的，有色（金属）的3. light-alloy a. 轻合金4. estimate n.；vt. 评价，判断5. fineness n. 细度，光洁度6. plasticity n. 可塑性7. bond n.；vt. 粘结，粘结力，粘结剂8. refractoriness n. 耐火性9. durability n. 耐久（用）性10. in different degrees 在不同程度上11. constituent n.；a. 成分，组成物12. grain n. 颗粒13. aluminium silicate n. 硅酸铝14. clay n. 粘土15. binder n. 粘结剂16. artificial a. 人工的，人造的17. greensand n. 湿砂18. impression n. 型腔，痕迹19. strickle n. 刮板21. proportioning n. 使成比例，配料，（按比例）配合22. hold together 结合23. fuse v. 熔化24. skin n. 表皮，外壳25. relate to 与……有关26. withstand （withstood）vt. 经得起，耐得住27. synthetic a.；n. 合成的，合成剂28. dig （dug，dug）vt. 挖掘，采掘29. pit n. 矿井，矿坑30. mix v. 混合31. relatively ad. 按比例的，相对地32. select vt. 选用，挑选33. nonthermosetting hydrocarbon resin 非热固性碳氢树脂34. bentonite n. 膨润土35. result from 由…引起，由于36. keep from 防止1. patternmaking n.模样制造2. pattern n. 模样3. patternmaker n. 木模工4. affect vt. 影响，对…起作用5. designing n., a. 设计（的）6. drafting n. 制图7. machining n. 机械加工8. be common to 为…所共有9. talk over 商量，讨论10. planning n. 设计，计划11. blueprint n. 蓝图，设计图12. visualize vt. 想象出，设想出13. preliminary a. 初步的14. cost n. 成本，费用15. order vt. 订货16. distortion n. 变形，挠曲17. location n. 位置18. allowance n. 余量19. parting line n. 分型线20. establish vt. 建立21. layout n. 放样图，设计图22. procedure n. 方法，（生产）过程23. decide upon = decide on 决定，选定，确定24. reproduction n. 复制品25. dress （dressed，drest）vt. 刨光，打磨26. edge n. 边，棱边，侧面27. square a. 方的；n. 角尺28. shrink rule n. 缩尺29. divider n. （pl.）两脚规，分规30. instrument n. 工具，装置31. pointed knife n. 尖刀32. tool n. 工具，刀具，机床33. accuracy n. 精度，准确度34. pattern allowance n. 模样余量，模样放尺35. take into account 考虑，重视36. drawing n. 图样37. check vt.；n. 校队，核对，开裂2. wear n.；vt. 磨损3. rapping n. 松模4. subsequent a. 继起的，后来的5. abrasive a.；n. 磨损的，摩擦的6. impervious a. 不能透过的，不渗水的7. alternately adv. 交替的8. damp a.；n. 潮湿的9. tear n. 撕裂，扯破10. plastic n. （常用pl.）塑料，合成树脂11. gypsum n. 石膏12. plaster n. 熟石膏13. exact a. 精确的，精密的14. undersize n. 尺寸过小，尺寸不足15. draft n. （起模）斜度16. machining provision n. 机械加工余量17. solid shrinkage n. 固态收缩18. freezing temperature n. 凝固温度19. contraction n. 收缩20. allow for 考虑到21. automatically ad. 自动地22. approximate a. 近似的，大约的23. malleable iron n. 可锻铸铁，马铁25. master pattern n. 母模26. draw （drew，drawn）vt. 起出（模样）27. vertical a. 垂直的28. taper vt.；n. 退拔，(起模)斜度29. inward a. 向内的30. mount vt. 固定，装配31. accuracy of finish n. 加工精度Lesson 61. skin-dried mold n. 表面干燥型2. air-dried mold n. 空气干燥铸型3. loam mold n. 泥型4. cement-boned mold n. 水泥砂型5. dry-sand core mold n. 组芯铸型6. investment mold n. 熔模铸型7. maintain vt. 维持，保持，维护10. softness n. 柔软（性，度）11. offer vt.；n. 提供，给予，产生12. resistance n. 阻力，抗（耐）……性13. crack n. ；vi. 开裂，裂纹14. favor=favour vt. ; n. 欢迎，赞成15. close vt. ; a. ; n. 合箱，关闭16. shake out n. （振动）落砂17. continuous cycle n. 连续循环，连续周期18. duration n. 持续时间19. majority n. 多数20. miscellaneous a. ；n. 各种的21. assemble vt. ；n. 装配，组合22. protection n. 保护，防护23. erosion n. 侵（腐）蚀，冲蚀24. corn flour n. 谷粉，玉米粉25. glutin n. 明胶26. molasses n. （废）糖浆27. linseed oil n. 亚麻油28. spray n. ；vt. 喷涂（料）29. gas torch n. 煤气喷灯30. portable a. 手提的，可携的，轻便的31. stove n. 炉子，烘炉32. infrared a. 红外线（的）33. backing sand 背砂，填充砂34. penetrate vt. 渗入Lesson 71. evolve vt. 放出，析出2. overnight ad. ；a. 在前一天晚上，隔夜3. oven n. 烘炉，加热室4. burner n. 燃烧器，喷灯5. charcoal n. 木炭6. circulate v. 循环，流通7. provide v. 供给，供应8. resist vt. 抵抗，耐，承受9. detail n. 细节，部分10. disadvantageous a. 不利的，有害的11. unusual a. 不平常的，独特的12. pattern plate n. 模板13. harden vt. 硬化14. sodium silicate n. 硅酸钠，水玻璃15. clay-free n. 无粘土的16. siliceous a. 含硅的，硅酸的17. carbon dioxide n. 二氧化碳18. promote vt. 促进，加速19. interfere vi. 妨碍，影响20. disintegration n. 溃散21. organic a. 有机的22. wood flour n. 木屑，木粉23. sand mixture n. 型砂24. delay vt. ；n. 耽误，延缓25. inadequate a. 不适宜的，不充分的26. portland cement n. 波特兰水泥（普通水泥）Lesson 81. gating system n. 浇注系统2. refer vt. 把…归类于，指（的是）3. passageway n. 通道4. pouring basin n. 浇口杯，浇口池5. strainer core n. 筛网芯片，撇渣芯，浇口滤片6. fulfill =fulfil vt. 实现，完成，达到7. be defined as ……的定义是，可称为8. be classified as 分成（为）……类9. parting-line gating n. 分型线浇注系统10. bottom gating n. 底注式浇注系统11. erosion n. 冲蚀，侵蚀12. turbulence n. 涡流，漩涡，紊流13. refractory tile pipe n. 耐火材料管14. horn gate n. 羊角浇口15. reversed horn gate n. 倒置羊角浇口16. top gating n. 顶注式浇注系统17. gradient n. 梯度18. directional solidification n. 定向凝固19. server as （for）起…作用，作为20. pencil gate n. 雨林浇口21. wedge gate n. 契形浇口22. choke n. 阻流口，节流口23. side gating n. 侧注式浇注系统24. slot n. 狭缝，隙缝25. step gate n. 阶梯浇口26. deliver vt. 供给，移交，交付27. function vi. ；n. 起作用，作用Lesson 91. satisfactory a. 满意的，（良）好的2. originally ad. 原来，最初3. hardness n. 硬度4. transport vt；n. 运输，输送5. （be）capable of –ing 能…，可以…，容许…6. smoothness n. 光滑度，平滑度7. wash n. 涂料8. coating n. 涂料，涂层9. impart vt. 给予，赋予10. collapsibility n.溃散性11. overstress vt.；n. 使…受（应）力过大，过应力，超载12. knock out 落砂，敲出，分离13. core print 型芯头（座）14. sharp sand n. 角形砂，纯砂15. pine-tree resin n. 松香16. cereal binder n. 谷类粘结剂17. dextrine = dextrin n. 糊精（C6H10O5）18. starch n. 淀粉Lesson 102. alloy n. 合金v. 合铸，熔合，熔成合成8. intentionally ad. 有意地，故意地9. blast n. v. 鼓风，（一股）气流10. blast furnace 高炉，鼓风炉11. nickle n. 镍12. chromium n. 铬13. molybdenum n. 钼14. graphite n. 石墨15. property n. 特性，性能16. mechanical property 机械性能17. metallurgical a. 冶金的，金相的18. distribution n. 分布，分布状态19. microscope n. 显微镜20. specimen n. 试样，样品，标本21. grind v. 磨光，磨快（过去式ground）22. polish v. 抛光，打光，发亮23. etch v. 侵蚀，腐蚀24. matrix n. 基体26. extend v. 延长，延伸，扩张27. ferrite n. 铁素体28. cementite n. 渗碳体29. pearlite n. 珠光体30. austenite n. 奥氏体31. steadite n. 斯氏体磷化物共晶体32. solution n. 溶解，溶液，熔体，解决（办法）33. solid solution 固溶体Lesson 111. white cast iron 白口铸铁2. malleable a. 有延展性的，可锻的3. malleable cast iron 球墨铸铁4. nodular a. 球粒状的5. nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁6. reminder n. 剩余物，剩下物7. chill n. a. v. 激冷，冷铁，冷铸，白口层8. rim n. 轮缘9. machining quality a. 机加工性能，被切削性10. forging n. 锻造，锻件11. ductility n. 韧性，延性12. separate v. 分离，析出13. temper v. n. 回火，搀和，加水混砂14. temper carton 退火碳15. interrupt v. 中断，阻碍16. implement n. 机具，农具17. agricultural implement 农具18. fitting n. a. 装配，配件，连接件19. pipe fitting 管接头，管配件20. instead of 代替，而不是21. in this respect 在这一点上，在这方面Lesson 121. primarily2. corrosion n. 腐蚀，侵蚀3. atmospheric a. 大气的，常压的4. exposure n. 暴露，照射5. plating n. 镀层，电镀，喷镀6. heat-treatable a. 可热处理的7. definite a. 确定的，一定的9. （be）prone to 易于，倾向于10. reaction a. 反应，反作用11. （be）liable to 易于…，有…倾向12. oxidation n. 氧化13. whilst =（while） conj. 当…时，而14. flux n. 熔剂，焊剂15. cover flux 覆盖剂16. cleanse vt. 去掉，清除17. oxide n. 氧化物18. to the extent of 到…程度19. aging = （ageing） n. 老化，时效20. self-aging 自然时效21. strain n. 应变，变形22. stability n. 稳定性23. titanium n. 钛24. in varying proportions 按不同的比例25. nonmagnetic a. 无磁的，非磁性的26. nonsparking a. 不产生火花的27. possess vt. 具有，拥有，占有30. equipment n. 设备，装备31. comparable with 可与…相比的，与…相类似的Lesson 132. specify vt. 规定8. impact resistance n. 抗冲击性9. wear resistance n. 耐磨性，磨损阻力10. acid resistance n. 耐酸性11. weldability n. 可焊性，焊接性12. rigidity n. 刚性，刚度13. deflection n. 挠曲，弯曲，挠度14. separately ad. 单独地15. identify vt. 识别，鉴定，验明16. yield strength n. 屈服强度17. ductility n. 韧性，可锻性，延性18. effectiveness n. 有效性19. with regard to 就…而论，对于，关于20. deoxidizer = deoxidiser n. 脱氧剂，还原剂21. soundness n. 完好的程度22. adversely ad. 相反地23. objectionable a. 有害的，不好的24. tolerate vt. 允许，承受Lesson 141. cylinder n. 圆柱体，汽缸2. shell n. 壳体，贝壳3. casing n. 箱，盒，壳，套4. lining n. 衬，衬里，内衬5. brick n. 砖vt. 砌砖6. windbox 风箱，风带7. encircle vt. 环绕，绕……行一周9. support vt. 支撑，支承10. leg n. 腿，脚，支柱11. hunge v. 铰接，用铰链结合；n. 铰链12. semicircular a. 半圆形的13. prop n. 撑杆，炉底撑杆14. remain vi. 剩下，余留15. coke n. 焦炭16. slag n. 炉渣，熔渣17. blower n. 鼓风机，风扇18. taphole 出铁孔19. spout n. 出铁槽，流槽，水落管20. float vi. 漂浮21. sighthole 观察孔22. charging door 加料门23. occupy vt. 占有，占据24. combustion n. 燃烧25. theoretical a. 理论上的26. boundary n. 边界，分界，界27. oxygen n. 氧28. eliminate vt. 除去，消除32. coke bed 底焦33. oxidize v. 使氧化34. influence n. 影响 vt. 影响，对…有作用35. regulate vt. 调整，调节36. efficiency n. 效率37. collect v. 收集，聚集38. preheat v. 预热39. stack n. 烟囱，炉身，堆40. represent v. 代表，意味，象征41. waste n. v. 废物，浪费，纱头，回丝 a. 无用的，废弃的Lesson 151. mass n. 物质，质量 a.大量的，集中的2. mass-production 大量（大批，成批）生产3. previous ad. 以前，预先4. backbreaking a. 累人的5. item n. 条，项，项目6. outstanding a. 显著的，突出的7. advantage n. 优点，有利条件8. dimensionally ad. 在尺寸方面11. fixture n. 夹具13. coordinate v. 配合，使同等14. coordinating n. 配套设备15. stationary a. 不动的，静止的16. permanent a. 永久的，恒定不变的17. foundation n. 基础，地基18. jolt v. ；n. 震击19. squeeze v. ；n. 压实20. piston n. 活塞21. combination n. 结合，组合22. tendency n. 倾向，趋势23. correct vt. 纠正，改正24. compress vt. 压缩25. compressed air 压缩空气26. source n. 源，源泉27. valve n. 阀28. knee valve n. 膝阀29. exhaust n. ；v. 排出30. port n. 口，港口31. cycle n. 循环，周期32. swing v. 回转，摇摆，摆动33. force vt. 迫使，推动；n. 力，力量34. diameter n. 直径Lesson 161. sand slinger n. 抛砂机2. throw vt. ；n. 掷，抛3. impact n. ；vt. 冲击4. mechanism n. 机构，机理5. impeller n. 叶轮6. blade n. 叶片vane n. 叶片8. endless bucket elevator 环形斗式提升机9. track n.；v. 轨道，跟踪10. bay n. 柱距，跨（度）12. centralized fingertrip control 中心按钮控制13. back and forth 前后，来回14. as compared with 与…比较15. aerate vt. 松砂16. provide with 装有，具备17. remote-contro station 遥控台18. visibility n. 能见度，视野，视界Lesson 171. gain ground 有进展2. in the order of 大约，按……次序3. enormous a. 巨大的4. fettling n. 清理，补炉5. none at all 一点也没有6. joint line 分型线7. feeder n. 冒口，补缩包8. dilation n. 扩大，膨胀9. bring about 引起、生产、导致10. ferrostatic head 铁水静压头11. dense a. 致密的12. uncommon a. 难得的、不平常的13. sophistication n. 采用先进技术14. associate vt. 联合be associated with 在…同时，与…有联系15. recover vt. 回收，复原16. expenditure n. 费用17. capital expenditure 基建费18. superior a. ；n. 优等的19. gradually ad. 逐渐20. short series 小批量21. jobbing n. 重复性很小的工作22. unsophisticated a. 不复杂的，简单的23. manual a. ；n. 手工的，手册24. assist vt.；n. 辅助25. lift vt. 起吊，提升26. rational a. 合理的27. criterion （复数criteria） n. （判断的）标准，准则28. prototype n. 原型，样机29. providing conj. （=provided）只要，如果30. delicate a. 精细的，易损的，脆弱的Lesson 181. scale n. 锈皮3. adequate a. 充分的，足够的，适当的5. stiff a. 硬的6. bristle n. （刷子等的）毛7. chisel n. 錾子，凿子8. barrel n. 筒，桶9. tumbling n. 清理滚筒10. rub v. 摩擦11. breakage n. 破裂，断裂12. absorb vt. 吸收，缓冲13. jet n. 气流，射流，水流14. velocity n. 速度15. cabinet n. 小室16. sand blast cabinet 喷砂室17. nozzle n. 喷嘴18. shatter v. 打碎，打破19. shatterproof glass 防震玻璃20. completion n. 完成，结束21. helmet n. 防护面具，头盔22. pneumatic a. 气动的，风动的23. pneumatic chipping hammer 风铲24. grinder n. 砂轮机，磨床25. pneumatic grinder 风动砂轮机26. centrifugal a. 离心的27. hopper n. 斗，仓28. storage hopper 贮存斗29. blade wheel 叶轮30. emery n. 金刚砂，磨光31. emery wheel 砂轮32. dust n. 灰尘33. dust-collecting device 击沉装置3. carbon n. 碳4. silicon n. 硅5. manganese n. 锰6. sulfur = （sulphur） n. 硫7. phosphorus n. 磷8. molybdenum n. 钼9. nickel n. 镍10. tungsten n. 钨11. vanadium n. 钒12. zirconium n. 锆13. calcium n. 钙14. silica n. 二氧化硅，石英。

GB5611-851. 基本术语1.1. 铸造foundry, founding, casting1.2. 铸造工艺foundry technology1.3. 铸件casting1.4. 砂型铸造sand casting process1.5. 特种铸造special casting process2. 合金性能2.1. 流动性fluidity2.2. 充型能力mold-filling capacity2.3. 吸气gas absorption2.4. 过冷undercooling, supercooling2.5. 过冷度degree of undercooling2.6. 成核nucleation2.7. 自发成核（均质成核）homogeneous nucleation2.8. 非自发成核（非均质成核）heterogeneous nucleation2.9. 凝固温度范围solidifica tion range2.10. 定向凝固（顺序凝固）directional solidification2.11. 液态收缩（液体收缩）liquid contraction2.12. 凝固收缩solidification contraction2.13. 固态收缩（固体收缩）solid contraction 2.14. 凝固时间solidification time2.15. 自由收缩free contraction2.16. 受阻收缩hindered contraction2.17. 铸件线收缩率shrinkage2.18. 收缩应力contraction stress2.19. 热应力thermal stress2.20. 相变应力transformation stress, phase change stress2.21. 铸造应力casting stress2.22. 残留应力（残余应力）residual stress3. 铸造用材料3.1. 金属原材料3.1.1. 金属原材料metallic raw material3.1.2. 生铁pig iron3.1.3. 铁合金ferro-alloy3.1.4. 回炉料foundry returns3.1.5. 中间合金master alloy3.2. 燃料3.2.1. 铸造焦炭foundry coke 3.2.2. 冶金焦炭metallurgical coke3.2.3. 固定碳fixed carbon3.3. 熔剂3.3.1. 熔剂flux3.3.2. 除气熔剂（除气剂）degassing flux 3.3.3. 覆盖熔剂（覆盖剂）covering flux 3.3.4. 精炼熔剂（精炼剂）refining flux 3.3.5. 耐火材料3.3.6. 耐火度（耐火性）refractoriness 3.3.7. 耐火砖firebrick3.3.8. 耐火粘土fireclay3.3.9. 硅砖silica brick3.3.10. 镁砂grain magnesite3.4. 造型材料3.4.1. 造型材料molding material3.4.2. 砂sand3.4.3. 水洗砂washed-out sand3.4.4. 硅砂silica sand3.4.5. 天然砂natural sand3.4.6. 人工砂artificial sand3.4.7. 天然粘土砂naturally clay-bonded sand3.4.8. 橄榄石砂olivine sand3.4.9. 铬铁矿砂chromite sand3.4.10. 锆砂zircon sand3.4.11. 炭粒砂carbon sand3.4.12. 精硅砂sharp sand3.4.13. 红砂red sand3.4.14. 熟料砂chamotte sand3.4.15. 粘结剂binder3.4.16. 粘土clay3.4.17. 无机粘结剂inorganic binder3.4.18. 有机粘结剂organic binder3.4.19. 高岭土kaolin3.4.20. 膨润土bentonite3.4.21. 钠基膨润土sodium bentonite3.4.22. 钙基膨润土calcium bentonite3.4.23. 活化膨润土activated bentonite 3.4.24. 干性油drying oil3.4.25. 自硬粘结剂(冷硬粘结剂) no bakebinder3.4.26. 热固树脂粘结剂thermosetting resin binder3.4.27. 油类粘结剂oil based binder3.4.28. 水玻璃粘结剂water glass binder, sodium silicate binder3.4.29. 纸浆废液lignin liquor3.4.30. 合脂粘结剂synthetic fat binder 3.4.31. 水玻璃模数sodium silicate modulus3.5. 辅助材料3.5.1. 附加物additives3.5.2. 发热剂exothermic mixture3.5.3. 分型剂（脱模剂）parting agent, stripping agent3.5.4. 固化剂（硬化剂）hardener3.5.5. 悬浮剂suspending agent3.5.6. 涂料coating3.5.7. 砂处理3.5.8. 型砂制备（砂处理）sand preparation3.5.9. 混砂sand mulling, sand mixing 3.5.10. 型砂（造型混合料）molding sand 3.5.11. 芯砂（造芯混合料）core sand 3.5.12. 合成砂synthetic sand3.5.13. 自硬砂self-hardening sand3.5.14. 水玻璃砂sodium silicate-bonded sand3.5.15. 覆膜砂precoated sand3.5.16. 烂砂泥（麻泥）loam3.5.17. 调匀砂temper sand3.5.18. 面砂facing sand3.5.19. 背砂（填充砂）backing sand3.5.20. 单一砂unit sand3.5.21. 含泥量clay content3.5.22. 含水量moisture content 3.5.23. 旧砂floor sand3.5.24. 枯砂（焦砂）burnt sand3.5.25. 废砂waste sand3.5.26. 热砂hot sand3.5.27. 松砂aeration , sand-cutting3.5.28. 筛分（筛析）screen analysis3.5.29. 旧砂处理sand reconditioning3.5.30. 旧砂再生sand reclamation3.5.31. 沉降分选elutria tion, decantation 3.5.32. 型砂性能及试验3.5.33. 型砂试验sand testing3.5.34. 透气性permeability3.5.35. 流动性flowability3.5.36. 型砂强度sand strength3.5.37. 湿强度green strength3.5.38. 干强度dry strength3.5.39. 耐用性（复用性）durability3.5.40. 砂型（芯）硬度mold hardness 3.5.41. 热变形hot deformation3.5.42. 残留强度retained strength3.5.43. 热强度hot strength3.5.44. 韧性toughness3.5.45. 发气率（发气速度）gas evolution rate3.5.46. 发气性（发气量）gas evolution 3.5.47. 吸湿性moisture absorption3.5.48. 落砂性knock-out capability3.5.49. 潰散性collapsibility3.5.50. 胶质价colloid index3.5.51. 破碎指数shatter index3.5.52. 砂处理设备3.5.53. 热气流烘砂装置hot pneumatic tube drier3.5.54. 混砂机sand muller, sand mixer 3.5.55. 松砂机aerator, sand cutter3.5.56. 冷却提升机cooling elevator, coolevator3.5.57. 筛砂机riddle3.5.58. 磁力滚筒magnetic separator 3.5.59. 旧砂再生设备sand reclamation3.5.60. 气力输送装置pneumatic tube conveyor4. 铸造合金4.1. 铸铁4.1.1. 铸铁cast iron4.1.2. 铸铁石墨形态morphology of graphite in cast iron4.1.3. 灰铸铁（灰口铸铁）gray cast iron 4.1.4. 白口铸铁white cast iron4.1.5. 麻口铸铁mottled cast iron4.1.6. 共晶度degree of saturation4.1.7. 碳当量carbon equivalent4.1.8. 片状石墨flake graphite4.1.9. 初生石墨primary graphite4.1.10. 孕育铸铁inocula ted cast iron4.1.11. 球墨铸铁spheroidal graphite cast iron, nodular graphite iron,ductile iron4.1.12. 球状石墨spheroidal graphite, nodular graphite4.1.13. 可锻铸铁malleable cast iron4.1.14. 黑心可锻铸铁black heart malleable cast iron4.1.15. 珠光体可锻铸铁pearlitic malleable cast iron4.1.16. 铁素体可锻铸铁ferritic malleable cast iron4.1.17. 白心可锻铸铁white heart malleable cast iron4.1.18. 团絮石墨tempered graphite4.1.19. 冷硬铸铁（激冷铸铁）chilled iron 4.1.20. 耐磨铸铁wear resisting cast iron 4.1.21. 耐热铸铁heat resisting cast iron 4.1.22. 耐酸铸铁acid resisting cast iron4.1.23. 高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron4.1.24. 蠕墨铸铁vermicular cast iron, compacted graphite cast iron4.1.25. 蠕虫状石墨vermicular graphite 4.1.26. 合金铸铁alloy cast iron4.2. 铸钢4.2.1. 铸钢cast steel4.2.2. 炭素铸钢carbon cast iron4.2.3. 低合金铸钢low alloy cast steel4.2.4. 高锰钢high manganese steel 4.2.5. 铁素体钢ferritic steel4.2.6. 铸造非铁合金4.2.7. 青铜bronze4.2.8. 铅青铜lead bronze4.2.9. 铝青铜aluminum bronze4.2.10. 黄铜brass4.2.11. 铝铜合金aluminum-copper alloy 4.2.12. 铝镁合金aluminum-magnesium alloy4.2.13. 铝硅合金aluminum-silicon alloy4.2.14. 镁合金magnesium alloy4.2.15. 轴承合金（减摩合金）bearing metal, antifrictional metal4.2.16. 巴氏合金babbitt alloy4.2.17. 钛合金titanium alloy5. 熔炼工艺及设备5.1. 熔炼基本术语5.1.1. 熔化（熔炼）melting5.1.2. 重熔remelting5.1.3. 炉料charge5.1.4. 熔化率melting rate5.1.5. 炉料计算charge calculation5.1.6. 双联熔炼duplexing5.1.7. 元素烧损（元素烧损率）melting losses of various chemicalelements5.1.8. 熔炼损耗（烧损）total melting loss 5.1.9. 还原气氛reducing atmosphere5.1.10. 氧化气氛oxidizing atmosphere5.1.11. 惰性气体inert gas5.1.12. 碱度（碱性指数）index of basicity 5.1.13. 碱性渣basic slag5.1.14. 酸性渣acid slag5.1.15. 精炼refining5.1.16. 遗传性heredity5.1.17. 铸铁熔炼5.1.18. 风口比tuyere ratio5.1.19. 有效高度effective height5.1.20. 送风强度blast intensity5.1.21. 预热送风hot blast5.1.22. 底焦coke bed5.1.23. 层焦coke split5.1.24. 隔焦（结力焦）buffer coke charge 5.1.25. 炉衬furnace lining5.1.26. 碱性炉衬basic lining5.1.27. 酸性炉衬acid lining5.1.28. 棚料bridging5.1.29. 熔池bath5.1.30. 吸碳carbon pick-up5.1.31. 铁焦比（焦比）iron-coke ratio 5.1.32. 出渣deslagging5.1.33. 打炉cupola drop5.2. 铸钢5.2.1. 氧化熔炼法oxidizing melting5.2.2. 不氧化熔炼法dead melting5.2.3. 真空熔炼vacuum refining5.2.4. 电渣熔炼electro-slag melting 5.2.5. 熔渣slag5.2.6. 沉渣sludge5.2.7. 浮渣dross, cinder5.2.8. 氧化期（沸腾期）oxidizing stage, boil5.2.9. 还原期deoxidizing stage, blocking stage5.2.10. 还原渣reducing slag5.2.11. 氧化渣oxidizing slag5.2.12. 白渣white slag5.2.13. 脱氧deoxidation5.2.14. 扒渣slagging- off5.2.15. 脱碳decarburization5.2.16. 脱硫desulphurization5.2.17. 脱磷dephosphorization5.2.18. 增碳recarburizing5.2.19. 脱氧剂deoxidizer5.2.20. 非铁金属熔炼5.2.21. 挥发损耗volatilizing losses5.2.22. 静置stewing, holding5.2.23. 吹氮nitrogen flushing5.3. 熔炼设备5.3.1. 冲天炉cupola5.3.2. 水冷冲天炉water-cooled cupola 5.3.3. 热风冲天炉hot-blast cupola5.3.4. 湿法除尘器we t cap5.3.5. 炉缸cupola well5.3.6. 前炉forehearth 5.3.7. 冲天炉加料机cupola charging machine5.3.8. 爬式加料机skip hoist5.3.9. 电磁配铁称electro-magnetic weighing balancer5.3.10. 电磁盘electromagnetic chuck5.3.11. 电弧炉（直接电弧炉）arc furnace, direct arc furnace5.3.12. 感应电炉electric induction furnace 5.3.13. 电渣炉electroslag furnace5.3.14. 电磁搅拌electromagnetic agitation 5.3.15. 浇包ladle5.3.16. 摇包shaking ladle5.3.17. 底注包bottom pouring ladle5.3.18. 保温炉holding furnace5.3.19. 坩埚炉crucible furnace5.3.20. 熔融金属处理5.3.21. 孕育inoculation5.3.22. 多孔塞法porous plug process5.3.23. 变质modification5.3.24. 墨化剂graphitizer5.3.25. 过热superheating5.3.26. 石墨球化处理nodularizing treatment of graphite5.3.27. 碳当量仪eutectometer5.3.28. 三角试块wedge test-piece5.3.29. 真空除气vacuum degassing5.4. 浇注5.4.1. 浇注pouring5.4.2. 保护气氛浇注pouring under controlled atmosphere5.4.3. 浇注速度pouring rate5.4.4. 浇注温度pouring temperature5.4.5. 浇注时间pouring time5.4.6. 浇注位置pouring position5.4.7. 型内孕育inmold inocula tion5.4.8. 压铁weight5.4.9. 捣冒口churning, pumping5.4.10. 点冒口（补注）teeming5.4.11. 浸入式高温计immersion pyremeter 5.4.12. 补炉patching5.4.13. 炉龄（炉衬寿命）campaign6. 工艺设计及工艺装备6.1. 工艺设计6.1.1. 铸造工艺设计mold design6.1.2. 铸造工艺装备设计foundry tools design6.1.3. 铸造工艺图foundry moldingdrawing6.1.4. 铸件图（毛坯图）drawing of rough casting6.1.5. 起模斜度（拔模斜度）pattern draft 6.1.6. 收缩余量shrinkage allowance6.1.7. 工艺补正量molding allowance6.1.8. 加工余量machining allowance6.1.9. 吃砂量mold thickness6.1.10. 补贴pad6.1.11. 分型负数joint allowance6.1.12. 铸件尺寸公差dimensional tolerance of casting6.1.13. 铸件重量公差weight allowance of casting6.1.14. 铸件加工基准面reference face for machining of casting6.1.15. 铸件表面粗糙度surface roughness of casting6.2. 浇冒口系统6.2.1. 浇注系统（浇口）gating system, running system6.2.2. 封闭式浇注系统choked running system, pressurized gating system6.2.3. 半封闭式浇注系统enlarged runner system6.2.4. 开放式浇注系统unchoked running system, non-pressurized gating system6.2.5. 浇口盆（外浇口）pouring basin6.2.6. 浇口杯pouring cup6.2.7. 浇口塞blanking-off plug6.2.8. 直浇道sprue6.2.9. 直浇道窝sprue base6.2.10. 横浇道runner6.2.11. 筛网芯（滤网芯）strainer core6.2.12. 内浇道ingate6.2.13. 离心集渣浇注系统whirl gate, dirt trap system6.2.14. 顶注式浇注系统top ga ting system6.2.15. 底注式浇注系统bottom gating system6.2.16. 阶梯式浇注系统step gating system 6.2.17. 雨淋浇口shower gate6.2.18. 缝隙浇口slot ga te6.2.19. 压边浇口lip runner, kiss runner6.2.20. 牛角式浇口horn gate6.2.21. 热节hot spot6.2.22. 冒口riser, feeder heed6.2.23. 冒口效率riser efficiency6.2.24. 明冒口open riser6.2.25. 暗冒口blind riser6.2.26. 侧冒口（边冒口）side riser6.2.27. 压力冒口pressure riser6.2.28. 大气压力冒口atmospheric riser6.2.29. 发气压力冒口（气弹冒口）gas-delivered pressure riser6.2.30. 透气砂芯pencil core6.2.31. 冒口颈riser neck6.2.32. 冒口根riser pad6.2.33. 保温冒口套heat insulating feeder sleeve6.2.34. 发热冒口套exothermic feeder sleeve 6.2.35. 补缩距离feeding distance, feeding zone6.2.36. 易割冒口knock-off head6.2.37. 易割片（易割芯片）washburn core 6.2.38. 模样6.2.39. 铸造工艺装备foundry tools and equipment6.2.40. 模样（铸模，模）pattern6.2.41. 母模master pattern6.2.42. 金属模metal pattern6.2.43. 骨架模skeleton pattern6.2.44. 石膏模plaster pattern6.2.45. 塑料模plastic pattern6.2.46. 整体模one-piece pattern6.2.47. 分开模parted pattern, split pattern 6.2.48. 活块loose piece6.2.49. 模板pattern plate6.2.50. 模底板pattern mounting pla te6.2.51. 单面模板single face pattern plate6.2.52. 双面模板match pla te6.2.53. 放样（伸图）hot dimensional drawing 6.2.54. 缩尺（模样工缩尺）shrinkage rule, pattern-maker’s r ule6.3. 芯盒6.3.1. 芯盒core box6.3.2. 脱落式芯盒troughed core box6.3.3. 下芯量具core setting scale6.3.4. 下芯夹具core jig6.3.5. 烘芯板core drying plate6.3.6. 砂箱6.3.7. 砂箱flask, molding box6.3.8. 箱带（箱挡）flask bar, cross bar6.3.9. 脱箱snap flask6.3.10. 套箱mold jacket6.3.11. 套销hollow pin, stub pin7. 造型及造芯7.1. 造型7.1.1. 造型molding7.1.2. 型腔mold cavity7.1.3. 铸型（型）mold7.1.4. 砂型sand mold7.1.5. 上型（上箱）cope, top part7.1.6. 下型（下箱）drag, bottom part7.1.7. 手工造型hand molding7.1.8. 机器造型machine molding7.1.9. 自动化造型automa tic molding7.1.10. 分型面mold joint7.1.11. 有箱造型flask molding7.1.12. 两箱造型two-part molding7.1.13. 三箱造型three-part molding7.1.14. 不平分型面stepped joint7.1.15. 无箱造型flaskless molding7.1.16. 脱箱造型removable flask molding 7.1.17. 地坑造型pit molding7.1.18. 刮板造型sweep molding7.1.19. 抛砂造型impeller ramming, sand slinging molding7.1.20. 组芯造型core assembly molding 7.1.21. 假箱造型oddside molding7.1.22. 微震压实造型vibratory squeezing molding7.1.23. 高压造型high pressure molding 7.1.24. 湿砂型（湿型，潮型）green sand mold7.1.25. 砂型烘干mold drying7.1.26. 干砂型（干型）dry sand mold7.1.27. 表面烘干型skin dried mold7.1.28. 烂砂泥型loam mold7.1.29. 砂床bed7.1.30. 过渡角transition angle7.1.31. 吊砂cod7.1.32. 砂钩lifter7.1.33. 负压造型（真空密封造型）vacuum molding7.1.34. 流态砂造型fluid sand molding7.1.35. 漏模pattern stripping7.1.36. 填砂mold-filling7.1.37. 紧实（紧砂，舂砂）ramming7.1.38. 震实jolt ramming7.1.39. 压实squeezing ramming7.1.40. 紧实度degree of ramming7.1.41. 二氧化碳法造型CO2 process7.1.42. 自硬砂造型self-hardening sand molding7.1.43. 塞砂tucking7.1.44. 刮砂strike-off7.1.45. 造型生产线molding line7.1.46. 刷水swabbing7.1.47. 敲模rapping7.1.48. 起模（拔模）stripping7.1.49. 扎出气孔venting7.1.50. 排气道venting channel7.1.51. 修型patching7.1.52. 冷铁densener, chill7.1.53. 外冷铁surface densener7.1.54. 内冷铁internal densener7.1.55. 验型（验箱）trial closing7.1.56. 合型（合箱，组型）mold assembling, closing7.2. 造芯7.2.1. 造芯（制芯）core making7.2.2. 芯（芯子）core7.2.3. 芯骨core rod, core scab7.2.4. 油砂芯oil sand core7.2.5. 预制芯embeded core, ram upcore7.2.6. 芯头core print7.2.7. 芯座core print7.2.8. 芯头斜度core print taper7.2.9. 芯头间隙core print clearance7.2.10. 壳芯shell core7.2.11. 烘芯core baking7.2.12. 通气蜡线vent wax7.2.13. 冷芯盒法cold box process7.2.14. 热芯盒法hot box process7.2.15. 芯撑chaplet7.2.16. 造型工具7.2.17. 造型工具hand tools of molding7.2.18. 压勺heart and spoon7.2.19. 提沟cleaner7.2.20. 双头铜勺（秋叶）double ended radius sleeker7.2.21. 镘刀trowel7.2.22. 造型及造芯设备7.2.23. 造型机molding machine7.2.24. 压实造型机squeezing molding machine7.2.25. 震击台bumper7.2.26. 振动台vibrating table7.2.27. 微震压实造型机vibratory squeezer 7.2.28. 震实造型机jolt molding machine7.2.29. 高压造型机high pressure molding machine7.2.30. 射压造型机shooting andsqueezing molding machine7.2.31. 多触头造型机equalizing piston squeezer7.2.32. 抛砂机sand slinger7.2.33. 起模机drawing machine7.2.34. 射砂机core shooter7.2.35. 挤芯机core extruder 7.2.36. 铸型输送机mold conveyor8. 铸件落砂及清理8.1. 落砂及清理8.1.1. 落砂shake-out, knock-out8.1.2. 除芯decoring8.1.3. 噴砂清理sand blasting8.1.4. 抛丸清理shot blasting8.1.5. 水力清砂hydraulic cleaning8.1.6. 水砂清砂hydraulic blast8.1.7. 清理cleaning, fettling8.1.8. 清砂cleaning8.1.9. 火焰表面清理scarfing8.1.10. 清铲chipping8.1.11. 化学清砂chemical cleaning8.1.12. 精整dressing and finishing8.1.13. 落砂机knock-out machine8.1.14. 抛丸清理机shot blast machine 8.1.15. 清理滚筒tumbling barrel8.1.16. 抛丸落砂清理设备shot blast reclaiming equipment8.1.17. 悬挂式磨轮swing frame grinder 8.1.18. 修补及矫正8.1.19. 矫正coining, straightening8.1.20. 焊补repair welding8.1.21. 渗补impregnation8.1.22. 特种铸造8.1.23. 金属型铸造8.1.24. 金属型铸造permanent mold casting, gravity die casting8.1.25. 金属型metal mold8.1.26. 金属芯metal core8.1.27. 覆砂金属型sand-lined metal mold 8.1.28. 排气塞venting plug8.1.29. 排气槽air vent8.1.30. 龟裂heat checking8.1.31. 金属型铸造机gravity die casting machine9. 压力铸造9.1. 压力铸造（压铸）die casting, pressure die casting9.2. 压铸型die-casting die, die9.3. 动型moving die, ejector die half 9.4. 定型fixed die, cover die half9.5. 合型力clamping force , dielocking force9.6. 压室pressure chamber9.7. 鹅颈管gooseneck9.8. 分流器spreader, sprue spreader9.9. 顶杆ejector pin9.10. 溢流槽overflow well9.11. 压射冲头（压室）injection piston, plunger9.12. 压射比压injection pressure9.13. 压射速度injection speed9.14. 保压时间dwell time9.15. 真空压铸evacuated die casting, vacuum die casting9.16. 充氧压铸pore-free die casting9.17. 双冲头压铸（精速密压铸）acurad(accurate?) die casting9.18. 压铸机die casting machine9.19. 冷室压铸机cold chamber die casting machine9.20. 热室压铸机hot chamber die casting machine9.21. 镶铸法insert process9.22. 离心铸造9.23. 离心铸造true centrifugal casting9.24. 半离心铸造semi-centrifugal casting 9.25. 离心浇注centrifugal pressure casting, centrifuge casting9.26. 双金属离心铸造bimetal centrifugal casting9.27. 离心铸造机centrifugal casting machine10. 熔模铸造10.1. 失模铸造lost pattern casting10.2. 熔模铸造（失蜡铸造）fusible pattern molding, lost-wax molding10.3. 压制熔模fusible pattern injection 10.4. 压型pattern die10.5. 熔模fusible pattern10.6. 盐模salt pa ttern10.7. 蜡模wax-pattern10.8. 模组pattern assembly10.9. 熔模涂料（浆料）slurry10.10. 面层涂料investment precoat10.11. 撒砂stuccoing 1010.12. 脱蜡dewaxing10.13. 熔烧sintering10.14. 壳型铸造10.15. 壳型铸造shell molding10.16. 结壳时间investing time10.17. 结壳温度investing temperature 10.18. 硬化温度curing temperature 10.19. 硬化时间curing time10.20. 其它铸造方法10.21. 陶瓷型铸造ceramic molding10.22. 陶瓷型浆料ceramic slurry10.23. 灌浆paste pouring10.24. 喷烧torch firing10.25. 低压铸造low-pressure die casting 10.26. 充型压力mold filling pressure 10.27. 保压压力dwell pressure10.28. 升液管stalk10.29. 真空吸铸suction casting10.30. 差压铸造（反压铸造）counter-pressure casting10.31. 实型铸造full mold process, cavityless casting10.32. 泡沫塑料模styrofoam pattern 10.33. 磁型铸造（磁丸铸造）magnetic shot molding process10.34. 凝壳铸造slush casting10.35. 石膏型铸造plaster molding10.36. 连续铸造continuous casting11. 铸件质量及铸件缺陷11.1. 铸件质量基本术语11.1.1. 铸件检验inspection of casting 11.1.2. 铸件质量分析quality analysis of casting11.1.3. 铸件外观质量visual quality of casting11.1.4. 铸件内在质量internal quality of casting11.1.5. 铸件使用性能service ability of casting11.1.6. 单铸试块separated test bar of casting11.1.7. 附铸试块test lug11.1.8. 缺陷铸件defective casting11.1.9. 废品reject11.1.10. 无损检验（无损探伤）nondestructive inspection11.1.11. 破坏性试验destructive testing 11.1.12. 多肉类缺陷11.1.13. 飞翅（飞边）joint flash11.1.14. 毛刺veining11.1.15. 抬型（抬箱）cope raise , raised mold11.1.16. 胀箱swell11.1.17. 冲砂erosion, cut, wash11.1.18. 掉砂drop, crush11.1.19. 外渗物（外渗豆）sweat11.2. 孔洞类缺陷11.2.1. 气孔blow hole11.2.2. 针孔pinhole11.2.3. 缩孔shrinkage11.2.4. 缩松dispersed shrinkage11.2.5. 疏松（显微缩松）porosity microshrinkage11.2.6. 裂纹、冷隔类缺陷11.2.7. 冷裂cold cracking11.2.8. 热裂hot tearing11.2.9. 热处理裂纹heat treatment crack 11.2.10. 白点（发裂）flake11.2.11. 冷隔cold shut, cold lap11.2.12. 浇注断流interrupted pour11.2.13. 表面缺陷11.2.14. 鼠尾rat-tail11.2.15. 沟漕buckle11.2.16. 夹砂结疤（夹砂）scab11.2.17. 机械粘砂（渗透粘砂）metal penetration11.2.18. 化学粘砂（烧结粘砂）burn-on 11.2.19. 表面粗糙rough surface11.2.20. 皱皮elephant skin11.2.21. 缩陷depression11.2.22. 残缺类缺陷11.2.23. 浇不到misrun11.2.24. 未浇满poured short11.2.25. 跑火run-out, bleeding11.2.26. 型漏（漏箱）run-out, bleeding 11.2.27. 损伤（机械损伤）damage11.2.28. 形状及重量差错类缺陷11.2.29. 拉长exaggeration of dimension 11.2.30. 超重over-weight11.2.31. 变形distortion, warping11.2.32. 错型（错箱）shift11.2.33. 错芯core shift11.2.34. 偏芯（漂芯）core raised, corelift 11.3. 夹杂类缺陷11.3.1. 夹杂物inclusion11.3.2. 冷豆cold shot11.3.3. 内渗物（内渗豆）internal sweat 11.3.4. 渣气孔scum, slag-blow hole11.3.5. 砂眼sand inclusion11.3.6. 性能、成分、组织不合格11.3.7. 亮皮pearlite layer11.3.8. 菜花头cauli-flowering11.3.9. 石墨飘浮carbon floatation11.3.10. 石墨集结kish graphite spot11.3.11. 组织粗大open grain structure11.3.12. 偏析segregation11.3.13. 硬点hard spot11.3.14. 反白口inverse chill11.3.15. 球化不良under-nodularizing11.3.16. 球化衰退degradated spheroidisation 11.3.17. 脱碳decarburization。

铸造casting/founding/foundry砂型铸造sand casting process毛胚铸件rough casting铸型mold铸造工艺casting process铸造材料foundry materials铸造设备foundry equipment铸造车间foundry shop铸造厂foundry单铸试块separated test bar of casting 辅铸试块test lug本体试样test specimen from casting itself过热superheating过冷supercooling/undercooling成分过冷constitutional supercooling 过冷度degree of undercooling结晶crystallization形核nucleation形核剂nucleant形核率nucleation rate生长growth铸铁cast iron共晶铸铁eutectic cast iron亚共晶铸铁hypoeutectic cast iron过共晶铸铁hypereutectic cast iron灰铸铁gray cast iron球墨铸铁ductile iron碳当量carbon equivalent孕育铸铁inoculated cast iron共晶度carbon saturation degree硅碳比silicon-carbon ratio锰硫比manganese-sulphur ratio铸铁石墨形态graphite morphology of cast iron片状石墨flake graphite球状石墨nodular graphite絮团状石墨annealing carbon开花状石墨exploded graphite过冷石墨undercooled graphite一炉a cast/a heat/a melt初生石墨primary graphite游离碳free carbon石墨化graphitization 球化剂nodulizer/nodulizing alloy干扰元素interference element三角试块wedge test-piece熔炼melting熔炼损耗total melting loss一批 a batch铸造合金cast alloy合金元素alloying element合金遗传性alloy heredity杂质元素tramp element铸态组织as-cast structure铁碳相图iron-cast structure碳化物carbide渗碳体cementite碳化物形成元素carbide forming element炉料charge金属炉料metallic charge回炉料foundry returns炉料计算charge calculation覆盖剂covering flux。

关于铸造的英语词汇铸造厂，铸造foundry铸造尺shrink rule铸造尺shrinkage rule铸造尺shrinkage scale铸造从业员foundry man铸造法casting process铸造方案founding method铸造方案plan of casting铸造废料foundry scrap铸造机casting machine铸造计划casting plan铸造设计，铸件设计casting design铸造性试验castability test铸造应变casting strains铸造用钉foundry nails铸造用生铁foundry pig iron铸造状态as-cast condition，as-cast铸造组织cast structure铸造作业casting manipulations铸芝模ingot mold铸芝偏析ingotism抓斗绞车装置grabbing gear专业铸造工场production foundry砖brick转变用铁水(调配成分) transition iron转动炉，转筒炉rotary furnace转换conversion转炉converter转炉钢converter steel转炉炉榇converter lining转盘混砂机rotating pan mill转速revolving speed转台，转盘rotary table转台喷粒机shot tablast转位半径transititon radius转运车transfer trolley转运翻箱装置transfer-turnover device转运盖c装置transfer-closing device转运装置transfer device装砂心coring up装载机bucket loader装载能量loading capacity追补焦split coke锥形炉腹bosh坠裂试验shatter test坠落试验drop test坠重试验drop-weight test自动电极控制automatic electrode control自动电流调整器automatic current regulator自动化automation自动化系统automatic system自动加料设备automatic charging equipment自动进给automatic feeding自动控制automatic control自动配料机automatic doser自动燃烧控制automatic combustion control自动送料（压铸）automatic ladling，die casting自动温度控制器automatic temperature controller自动造模工场automatic molding plant自动铸砂处理设备automatic sand plant自动转盘式造模机automatic turntable molding machine 自来水tap water自然腐蚀试验field test自然裂缝seasoning shake自然破裂season cracking自然干燥法(木材)，自然季化处理(铸件) natural seasoning 自然时效natural aging自然通风natural draft自行除渣self-skimming自行除渣风口self-slagging tuyere自行结晶idiomorphic crystal自行退火self-annealing自硬钢self-hardening steel自硬性self-hardening自硬性造模法no-bake process自硬性粘结剂self-curing binder自由度degree of freedom自由水free water纵向裂痕longitudinal crack足尺full size阻挠元素interfering element阻销stop pin组成图constitutional diagram组成物component组成楔值constitutional wedge value组合built up组合构造composite construction组合模板built-up plate组合模型built-up pattern组合模型composite pattern组合模型pattern assembly组合砂箱built-up molding box组合砂心盒multiple core box组织，级成constitution组织成分constituent组织瑕疵structure defects钻悄(试样用) drillings钻维硬度值(韦克氏硬度) diamond pyramid hardness number，Vickers hardness 最大负载maximum load最后加工finish。

机械铸造英语词汇及句法翻译
机械铸造是指使用金属熔炼和注入的方法制作金属零件的过程。

以下是机械铸造的常用英语词汇及句法翻译。

1. Foundry (铸造厂)
The foundry specializes in casting various metal parts. (该铸造厂专门铸造各种金属零件。

)
3. Molten metal (熔融金属)
The molten metal is poured into the mold through the sprue. (熔融金属通过浇口倒入模具中。

)
9. Investment casting (熔模铸造)
Investment casting, also known as lost wax casting, is a process in which a wax pattern is melted away to form a mold cavity for pouring molten metal. (熔模铸造，也被称为失蜡铸造，是一种将蜡模融化以形成倒入熔融金属的模腔的工艺。

)。

材料成型工艺基础部分0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods （casting）机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论基础合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity 浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing 糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification 冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method 内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法（casting method）手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line1.4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement 热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening 韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature 再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing 冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature 2.2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热规范：heating schedule冷却规范：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件结构工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5 冲压件结构工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论基础冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding 高能束焊：high energy welding 电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method 焊接材料：welding material 焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel 高碳钢：high carbon steel低合金钢：lean alloy steel不锈钢：non-corrosive steel 有色金属：nonferrous metal 3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金（power metallurgy）粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶：solid solubility化合：combination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：compressibility筛分：screen separation混合：compounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6.1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material 耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeycomb core material 6.2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术干燥：drying润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 6.3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：composite material树脂：resin7.1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank7.2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind 7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积：chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

Casting words：Apparatus：设备仪器Casting / foundry / founding：铸造Cupola ['kjupələ]：炉A cast、a melt、a heat：一炉Blast furnace：高炉Medium frequency furnace：中频电炉Shot blasting machine：喷丸清理机Resin sand molding：树脂砂造型Sand strength testing machine：型砂强度测定机Core box：芯盒Core：芯子Molding sand：型砂Foundry sand：铸造砂Sand mixer：混砂机Shakeout machine：落砂机Core making machine：造芯机Molding machine：造型机Reclaimed sand：再生砂Blast engine：鼓风机Hub：轮毂Ceramic tube：陶瓷管Pig iron：生铁Counterweight：配重铁Ferromanganese：锰铁Inoculants：孕育剂Ferro alloy：铁合金Ferrosilicon：硅铁Resin：树脂Resin coated sand：树脂复膜砂Balance room：天平室Measuring activity：测量活动Testing machine：Spectrometer：光谱仪UT inspection equipment：超声波检测仪Tensile（strength）testing machine：拉伸（强度）试验机Magnetic testing：磁粉试验Dimension inspection equipment：C-S analyzer：Dia-tester：硬度试验器Moisture meter：湿度计Brinell tester：布氏硬度计Brinell hardness testing machine：布氏硬度试验机Equipments items ：Metallographic sample/ specimen：金相试样Metallographic structure：金相组织Metallographic lab：金相试验室Metallographic examination/testing：金相检验Spectrographic lab：光谱实验室Spectrographer：分析仪Test piece：试样试块caliper：卡尺Barometer：气压仪External body：外体Extension meter：延伸仪Flaw detector：探伤器Grinding and polishing：研磨抛光Rubber washer：橡皮垫Simulator：模拟装置Mesh sieve：网目筛Molding sand equipments：型砂机Pressure gauge：测压仪Charge：配料Testing：NDT：Non-Destructive-Testing：无损伤检测Ultrasonic-Nodularity Testing：（inner test）超声波检测Magnetic particle testing：（surface test）Brinell hardness testing：布氏硬度试验Sand test：型砂试验Thermal analysis：热分析Pouring temperature：浇铸温度Optimum pouring T：最佳温度Reaction temperature：反应温度Pre—set：预置Pre—treatment：预置Breakdown：故障Log：记录Reference number：相关数据Separately cast：单铸试块Test block：试块Specimen：试块Standard sample：Dimension：大小尺度Frequency：频率Humidity：湿度Relative humidity：相对湿度Percentage moisture：含水量Oxidizing action：氧化作用Constant weight：恒量Gating system：浇铸系统Gating ratio：浇铸比Al：aluminum[,æljə'mɪnɪəm]铝As：Arsonium arsenic 砷Ba：barium['bɛrɪəm]C：Carbon 碳Ca：Calcium['kælsɪəm] 钙Ce：cerium['sɪrɪəm] 铈Mg：magnesium['mæg'niʃɪəm]镁N：nitrogen['naɪtrədʒən]氮P：phosphorus['fɑsfərəs]磷Re：rhenium['rinɪəm] 铼S：sulphur['sʌlfə]硫Sb：antimony['æntə,monɪ] 锑Si：silicon['sɪlɪkən] 硅Sr：strontium['strɑnʃɪəm]锶Ti：titanium[taɪ'tenɪəm] 钛Zr：zirconium[zə'konɪəm] Ash：ash constituent 灰份Oxide：氧化物Calcium oxide：氧化钙Carbon dioxide：二氧化碳Carbon equivalent：碳当量Calcium carbide：碳化钙Carburization：增碳Catalyzer：催化剂Alloy：合金Bronze：青铜Copper：铜Tin：锡Compact graphite：压缩石墨Nodular graphite cast iron：球墨铸铁Stainless steel：不锈钢Sluggish metal：惰性金属Residue：残留Recovery：吸收率Mg recovery：镁的吸收Scrap：废钢Iron powder：铁屑Coke：焦炭Foundry coke：Slag：炉渣Slag inclusion：夹渣Feeder：冒口Chill：冷铁Direct chill：直接冷铁Indirect chill：间接冷铁Chill arrangement：冷铁摆放Dry basis：干基成分Ferrite：铁素体Pearlite：珠光体Nodularity：球化率Desulfurizing process：脱硫Property：性能Mechanical property：机械性能Sensitivity：灵敏度Elongation：延伸率Expansion：Frequency：频率Hardness：硬度Tensile Strength：Yield strength：屈服强度Density：密度Green compression：湿压Celsius：摄氏温度Velocity：[vi'lɔsiti] 速度Flute：凹槽Configuration：排列组态Hot spot：热节点Coefficient of fiction：摩擦力系数Content：成分Antirust：防锈Automobile parts：汽车零部件Burden analysis：炉料分析Casting box：砂箱Crane：吊车Ceramic tube：陶瓷管Plastic injection molding machine：Diesel engine：：['di:zəl] 柴油机Exhaust valve casting for ship：船用排气阀壳Reduction boxes：减速箱Cylinder：气缸Cylinder（top）head / cap：气缸盖。

模具术语英文翻译近年来，随着全球经济的发展，模具制造业也迎来了新的机遇和发展。

模具术语的英文翻译在国际贸易和工程项目中扮演了重要的角色。

本文从工艺、制造、部件等方面介绍了模具术语的英文翻译，并对其应用进行了分析。

一、工艺模具的工艺对模具的质量至关重要。

以下是模具常见术语的英文翻译：1. 热处理：Heat treatment2. 光洁度：Smoothness3. 组装：Assembling4. 冲压：Stamping5. 雕出：Engraving6. 研削：Grinding7. 砂光：Sandblasting8. 抛光：Polishing9. 硅胶模具：Silicone mold10. 三维打印：3D printing二、制造模具的制造是一个复杂的过程，需要使用各种设备和材料。

以下是模具常见术语的英文翻译：1. 铸造：Casting2. 钳工：Tinsmith3. 拉伸：Stretching4.喷涂：Spray painting5. 垂线：Plumb line6. 马口铁：Cast iron7. 硬度：Hardness8. 涂层：Coating9. 机加工：Machining10. 加热炉：Furnace三、部件模具的不同部件有不同的名称和功能。

以下是模具常见部件的英文翻译：1. 模板：Template2. 开关模：Switch mold3. 压模：Press mold4. 发射针：Ejection pin5. 模芯：Core6. 插筋：Insertion bar7. 弹簧：Spring8. 模架：Mould base9. 储料斗：Material hopper10. 吸塑板：Vacuum forming plate四、应用模具应用广泛，包括塑料、金属、陶瓷等多个行业。

以下是模具应用的英文翻译：1. 塑料模具：Plastic mold2. 金属模具：Metal mold3. 自动化模具：Automation mold4. 陶瓷模具：Ceramic mold5. 压铸模具：Die casting mold6. 打印模具：Printing mould7. 拉伸模具：Stretch mold8. 管道模具：Pipe mold9. 粉末冶金模具：Powder metallurgy mold10. 加工模具：Processing mold结论模具术语的英文翻译是在全球经济发展和国际贸易交流中非常重要的一环。

材料成型工艺根底局部0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：position material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods 〔casting〕机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论根底合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件构造：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇缺乏：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method 内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法〔casting method〕手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line1.4 铸造构造工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论根底塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation 化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature2.2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion根本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热标准：heating schedule冷却标准：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件构造工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5 冲压件构造工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论根底冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能束焊：high energy welding电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel高碳钢：high carbon steel低合金钢：lean alloy steel不锈钢：non-corrosive steel有色金属：nonferrous metal3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金〔power metallurgy〕粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论根底压坯：pressed pact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶： solid solubility化合：bination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation复原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：pressibility筛分：screen separation混合：pounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6.1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material 耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeyb core material 6.2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术枯燥：drying坯料：blank润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 6.3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：posite material树脂：resin7.1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank7.2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind 7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术料浆：slurry溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积： chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

Casting forming and control:Casting is the metal melting into that meet certain requirements and the liquid poured into the mold, the cooling and solidification, finishing after processing has a predetermined shape, size and properties of the casting process. Casting blank because almost forming, and to avoid mechanical or a small amount of processing to reduce the cost and reduced to a certain extent. Casting is the modern manufacturing industry base technology. * * *Casting type are many, according to the modeling method used is divided as follows: sand casting, including wet sand, dry sand and chemical hardening sand 3 class. The special casting, according to the modeling of materials can be divided into natural mineral sand as the main form of special casting material ( such as casting, clay mold casting, foundry casting, shell mold casting, negative pressure cavityless casting, ceramic casting, etc.) and metal as the main mold material special casting ( such as metal type casting, pressure casting, continuous casting, low pressure casting, centrifugal casting, two class ). Casting process typically includes : 1 cast ( so that the liquid metal into solid casting container ) preparation, cast by the materials can be divided into sand, metal type, ceramic, clay, graphite, according to frequency of use can be divided into a disposable type, semi-permanent and permanent type, mold preparation quality is affected the main factors of the quality of castings; casting metal melting and casting, casting metal ( alloy ) are the main cast iron, cast steel and nonferrous cast alloy; the casting processing and inspection, casting processing includes the removal of the core and casting surface, removal of foreign body casting riser, relieving grinding burrs and scull of projection, and heat treatment plastic, rust and rough. * * *Casting process can be divided into three basic parts, namely the casting metal preparation, mold preparation and casting processing. Casting metal refers to the casting production of cast metal material, it is a metallic element as a main component, and join the other metal or metalloid elements and the composition of the alloy, traditionally known as cast alloy, cast iron, cast steel and main nonferrous cast alloys. * * *Industry trends: casting product development trend is the requirement of castings have better performance, higher precision, less headroom and more smooth surface. In addition, the requirement of energy saving and the society to restore the natural environment more and more is also high. In order to meet these requirements, the new cast alloy will be developed, smelting new technology and new equipment will appear accordingly. * * *Foundry production mechanization and automation degree of rising at the same time, will be more flexible production development, to expand on the different batches and the production of many varieties adaptability. Save energy and raw material, new technology will get preferential development, produce less or no pollution new technology new equipment will be the first attention. Quality control technology in the process of detection and non-destructive testing, stress testing, will have new development. * * *Development of foundry industry casting is the modern machinery manufacturingindustry based on process of, therefore the development of the foundry industry isa symbol of the nation 's production strength. China has become the world one of thecountries in casting machinery, casting machinery manufacturing industry in recentyears has made great achievements.<PIXTEL_MMI_EBOOK_2005>3 </PIXTEL_MMI_EBOOK_2005>。

陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination 气体状态方程 equation of state of gas 动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel后角 clearance angle龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center 车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics 流体力学 fluid mechanics 加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺纹 thread螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor 集成电路 integrate circuit 挡板 orifice plate残余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting 相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion 车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining车间 workshop工程技术人员 engineer气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard component零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准则 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curve范成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient 求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant 逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and combination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheelAssembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕疵shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench板簧 flat leaf spring半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower 摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮 cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器 frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear表面质量系数 superficial mass factor表面传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer 表面粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 combination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel combined mechanism 并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 compensation参数化设计 parameterization design, PD残余应力 residual stress操纵及控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ； Maltese cross 槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in common use 车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条 rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter 齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 combination in series串联式组合机构 series combined mechanism 串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth 当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型 dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line（疲劳）点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes 动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数 transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数 transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower 对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line发生面 generating plane法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反馈式组合 feedback combining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics 反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 Arctan范成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle 分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 compound hinge复合式组合 compound combining复合轮系 compound (or combined) gear train复合平带 compound flat belt复合应力 combined stress复式螺旋机构 Compound screw mechanism复杂机构 complex mechanism杆组 Assur group干涉 interference刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism 刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器 rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构 operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 common normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器 jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力部分平衡 partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道 raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code 滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator函数生成 function generation含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor 赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment 合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force 黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears 花键 spline滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber 灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 compound gear train积分 integrate机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成 constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学 robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计 mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes基础机构 fundamental mechanism基本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions 计算机辅助设计 computer aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 computer aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 computer integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism 减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute 渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive交错轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing 角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing 角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构 structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向基本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating 径向基本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating 径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch 绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 compression strength开口传动 open-belt drive开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation离心力 centrifugal force离心应力 centrifugal stress离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism 力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆 connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel 联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮 helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts。