2017考研英语阅读理解精读P26—医学

2017年考研英语一阅读解析2017年考研英语一的阅读部分，相较于往年，难度有所提升，但整体上保持了考研英语一贯的风格和特点。

今年的阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括社会现象、科学研究、文化教育等，旨在考察考生的英语阅读能力、逻辑推理能力以及对文章主旨的理解能力。

首先，阅读理解的第一篇文章讨论了现代社会中人们对于个人隐私的态度。

文章通过对比不同年龄段的人群对隐私问题的看法，揭示了随着科技的发展，个人隐私保护意识的增强。

考生在解答这类题目时，需要仔细阅读文章，理解作者的观点，并根据文章内容推断出正确的答案。

第二篇文章则聚焦于科学研究领域，探讨了一项新的科学发现。

文章通过详细的实验过程和数据分析，向读者展示了这一发现的重要性。

考生在解答这类题目时，需要具备一定的科学知识背景，并且能够理解复杂的科学术语和概念。

第三篇文章转向文化教育领域，讨论了教育对于个人成长的影响。

文章通过对比不同教育背景的人在职场上的表现，强调了教育的重要性。

考生在解答这类题目时，需要关注文章中的关键信息，如教育背景与职场表现之间的关系，并据此选择正确的答案。

最后一篇文章则关注了社会现象，讨论了城市化进程中出现的问题。

文章通过分析城市化对环境和社会的影响，呼吁人们采取行动，以减缓城市化带来的负面影响。

考生在解答这类题目时，需要理解文章的主旨，并能够从文章中提取出关键信息，以支持自己的答案。

总的来说，2017年考研英语一的阅读部分要求考生具备较强的阅读理解能力，能够快速准确地捕捉文章的主旨和细节信息。

同时，考生还需要具备一定的逻辑推理能力，能够根据文章内容推断出正确的答案。

通过平时的大量阅读和练习，考生可以提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力，从而在考试中取得更好的成绩。

2017年考研英语一阅读2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析：Text 1Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.On a warm spring afternoon, the buzz of conversation in the staff room gives way to the quiet rustle of pages being turned. The staff members are all deep in the act of reading. Some are scanning the text with a critical eye, others are speed-reading, and a few are slowing down to consider every word. The scene is not taking place in a literacy program or a book group, but in a staff development day at a public high school in New York City.The staff development day is part of a growing movement to bring reading into the professional world. As libraries become less and less of a haven for self-study and more of a collaborative workspace, the practice of reading for work is fast becoming as essential as the practice of reading for pleasure. “When I started working, I thought:‘I don’t have time to read,’” says Librarian Nancy Pearl. “But when I realized how much I was missing, I made reading part of my work r outine.”For many professionals, the value of reading isn’t just about job performance. It’s about professional development and personal growth. “I read books that are outside my area—books that would never appear on my radar—and they often lead me to new ideas and directions,” says Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott, a former president of Bentley University. “Reading has been fundamental to my leadership development.”But the benefits of reading go well beyond personal growth. A recent study by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin found that employees who read for 30 minutes before work performed better at their jobs than those who didn’t read. “Reading has been shown to increase fluency,词汇理解，and knowledge retention,” says psychologist Pamela Rutledge. “It can also improve decision-making ability and creativity.”The key to making reading work in your professional life is to be intentional about it. Don’t read aimlessly, hoping that somehow the information will sink in. Set aside dedicated reading time and make sure you’re always learning something new. Also, consider making some professional reading resolutions, such as reading a book every two weeks or参加行业相关的会议 or joining professional organizations that have regular meetings. Finally, consider sharing what you read with your colleagues to foster more meaningful discussion within your organization.The value of professional reading is not about indulging in the latest industry trends or keeping up with the latest news; it’s about growing as a professional and making better decisions. As Nancy Pearl puts it, “Reading is not just about finding new information—it’s about finding better ways of doing things and understanding life better.” So, the next time you find yourself with some extra time on your hands, consider picking up a book instead of checking Facebook for the umpteenth time. Your career might just benefit from it.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The importance of reading in one’s professional life.B. The benefits of reading for personal growth.C. The decline of libraries as study places.D. The trend of holding reading groups in high schools.27. Why did the author mention the staff development day in New York City?A. To stress the importance of teamwork in libraries.B. To show the value of reading in a professional setting.C. To promote the idea of holding more literacy programs.D. To encourage more high schools to offer staff development courses.28. What does Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott say about reading?A. It helps her stay abreast of the latest developments in her field.B. It broadens her horizons and enhances her leadership skills.C. It enables her to easily obtain necessary information for her work.D. It makes her more creative and better equipped for challenges.29. What does Pamela Rutledge say about reading?A. It improves one’s cognitive abilities.B. It enhances one’s problem-solving skills.C. It boosts one’s creativity and innovationD. It helps one stay focused at work.30. What is the key to making read ing work in one’s professional life according to the passage?A. Reading more books written by famous authorsB. Reading books that are easy to understandC. Sticking to traditional ways of doing thingsD. Intending to learn something from reading。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P12—医学Passage 12Watching a child struggle to breathe during an asthma attack is frightening for any parent. So it is only natural that most moms and dads will try just about anything--including spending a lot of money--to keep an attack at bay. Trouble is, more than half of parents are trying strategies that simply don't work and wasting hundreds of dollars in the process, according to a study published last week in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.The report, based on interviews with the parents of 896 asthmatic children in 10 different cities, contained some good news. Eighty percent of parents had a handle on at least one of the triggers that worsened their children's asthma. After that, however, many parents seemed to go astray, taking precautions that weren't helpful "and made little sense," according to Dr. Michael Cabana, a pediatrician at the University of Michigan's C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, who led the study.One of the most common mistakes was to buy a mattress cover to protect against dust mites for a child whose asthma was exacerbated instead by plant pollen. Many of those parents then neglected to do what would have helped a lot more: shut the windows to keep pollen out. Another was using a humidifier for a child who was allergic to dust mites; a humidifier tends to be a place where dust mites like to breed. With those allergies, a dehumidifier works better.Worst of all was the number of smokers with asthmatic children who didn't even try to quit or at least limit themselves to smoking outdoors rather than just moving to another room or the garage. Second-hand smoke has been proved, over and over again, to be a major trigger of asthma attacks. Many smoking parents purchased expensive air filters that have what Cabana called "questionable utility."Part of the problem, Dr. Cabana and his colleagues believe, is that parents are bombarded by television ads that encourage them to buy products such as air and carpet fresheners, ionizers and other remedies that are often expensive but medically unnecessary. And doctors may not always take the time, or have the time, to explain to parents what will and won't work in their child's particular case. For example, allergies are usually a problem for older children with asthma, while kids 5 and younger more frequently have trouble with viral respiratory infections. So make sure you understand what's really triggering your child's asthma. And remember, the best solutions are not always the most expensive ones.注(1)：本文选自Time，8/30/2004，p67;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 11. What does the study by Dr. Michael Cabana indicate?[A]Parents are eager to cure of their children’s disease.[B]Many parents are wasting money for their children’s frightening disease.[C] Many parents fail to find the effective way for their children’s disease.[D]Parents feel worried about their children’s disease.2. Which of the following is not the trigger of asthma attacks?[A]Humidifier.[B]Second-hand smoke.[C]Plant pollen.[D]Dust mites.3. The expression “to keep an attack at bay”(Line 3, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A]to ease the attack[B]to lessen the attack[C]to continue the attack[D]to prevent the attack4. Why are the parents in such a dilemma?[A]The doctors are not responsible enough.[B]Parents are influenced much by ads.[C]Parents are ignorant of the disease.[D]The quality of medical products is not good.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Parents shouldn’t spend too much money on the children.[B]The expensive products are not always good.[C]To know the real trigger of the disease is very important.[D]Parents often make mistakes.答案：CADBC篇章剖析本文采用提出问题——说明问题——分析问题的模式，指出哮喘病患儿家长在防治哮喘方面存在的问题、错误及其误区。

2017考研英语阅读理解精读P20—医学Passage 20I am a neuroscientist.I make a living by studying how the brain works.Although neuroscience has taken huge strides forward in the past decade，it is a long way from being able to address the problems dealt with by psychotherapy.3) Neuroscience cannot yet explain how we feel，and it is a long way from being able to prescribe what a miserable person must do to feel better.So，as a neuroscientist，I feel I should have a conclusion about the alternative approach.The first question I must answer is：“What do psychotherapies have to offer?”First，let us deal with the scientific angle.The best way to start is by assessing a claim that has cropped up several times over the year.It was first made of psychoanalysis，but it has been extended to other psychotherapies.It is the claim that psychoanalysis is the successor to religion，that it gives a scientific，rather than a superstitious，answer to the question of how best to lead a happy，fulfilled life.1 would say this claim is at best half right.Psychoanalysis may indeed answer the question of how best to lead a happy life，but it has a lot more in common with religion than it has with science.In fact，psychoanalysis is not the successor to religion，it is just another religion.This assessment is based on the way religions and sciences deal with fundamental truths.In religions，truths are laid down by God and revealed to the prophets who，in their turn，pass them on to the faithful.They are sacred mysteries that cannot be questioned.In science，on the other hand，truths are nothing if not questionable.The laws of science are deduced from the results of experiments and can be used to predict new experimental results.If new results go against the prediction，they show the law to be false.A new experimental result，or a new theory for deriving predictions from the results，can change the accepted truths.If a scientific statement cannot，in principle，be proved wrong then it tells us nothing.Psychoanalysis suffers from just this problem.4)It is a maxim that our psychological problems are rooted in past conflicts，and that the repressed memories of these conflicts emerge from the unconscious in coded forms that can be interpreted by the analyst.But the codes are so obscure and so flexible that they defy rational explanation.There is no way the maxims could be disproved.They may not be sacred，but they are definitely mysteries.Many other therapies are based on untestable theories.Of course，that doesn’t necessarily prevent them from working.There is no doubt thousands of people feel that psychoanalysis has helped them to lead fuller and happier lives.But the number of satisfied customers is no guide to scientific validity;if it were，religion would come out way ahead.1. The author considers his role as a neuroscientist____.[A]irrelevant to that of a psychoanalyst[B]different from that of a psychoanalyst[C]of the same importance as that of a psychotherapeutist[D]purely imaginary and impractical2. According to the author，psychoanalysis is another religion in that____.[A]it does nothing towards revealing fundamental truth[B]its conclusions are seldom capable of being tested[C]it has too many prophets and blind believers[D]it takes over many doctrines from religious beliefs3. By saying that“Psychoanalysis suffers from just this problem”(Para.5)the author means that____.[A]psychoanalysis deals with problems or conflicts inside the unconscious[B]the assertions in psychoanalysis cannot be disproved[C]psychoanalysis attaches no importance to doing experiments[D]psychoanalysts can not explain psychological problems to patients4. Which of the following is a science according to the author?[A]Neuroscience.[B]Psychoanalysis.[C]Psychotherapy.[D]None of the above.5. The main purpose of the passage is____.[A]to refute the practical value of psychoanalysis[B]to propose neuroscience as an alternative to psychoanalysis[C]to compare the theories of psychoanalysis with religious doctrines[D]to explain why psychoanalysis is not a science答案：1. [B] 在第一段作者指出，自己是一个神经科学家，随后说明了这门科学目前存在的局限性。

相关推荐：新东⽅校推荐： Americans no longerexpect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the Englishlanguage with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. Inhis latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Why We Should,Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberaland conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture asresponsible for the decline of formal English。

Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yetanother criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academicspecialty is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearanceof “whom”， for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss ofthe case-endings of Old English。

But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing ourown thing”， has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen topaper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then hassought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highlypersonal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft。

2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother andtheir newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room forscreening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of theThirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibilityaround the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria fromhealth, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which includedaccepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on “specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,”assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work inWarren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath ofEnglish usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote thelearning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased。

2017考研英语阅读在2017年的考研英语阅读部分，考生们面临了不小的挑战。

这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，从社会现象到科技进展，再到文化差异，无一不考验着考生们的词汇量、理解力和分析能力。

首先，阅读材料中包含了大量专业术语和复杂句型，这要求考生不仅要有扎实的词汇基础，还要能够迅速识别并理解这些专业术语在特定语境中的含义。

例如，有关环保的文章中出现了“生态足迹”和“可持续发展”等概念，考生需要能够理解这些术语，并将其与文章中讨论的具体问题联系起来。

其次，文章的结构通常较为复杂，考生需要能够快速抓住文章的主旨和各个段落之间的逻辑关系。

在一些文章中，作者可能会使用对比、举例、因果等不同的论证方法来阐述观点，这就要求考生具备较强的逻辑分析能力，以便准确把握文章的中心论点。

此外，2017年的考研英语阅读还特别注重考查考生的推理判断能力。

在一些文章中，作者并没有直接给出结论，而是通过一系列的事实和数据来暗示某种趋势或观点。

考生需要能够从这些信息中推断出作者的意图，并在答题时做出合理的判断。

最后，这一年的阅读材料还涉及到了一些跨文化交际的内容，这要求考生不仅要有较强的语言能力，还要对不同文化背景有一定的了解。

例如，有关不同国家教育体系的比较，考生需要能够理解不同教育模式的特点，并分析其对个人和社会的影响。

综上所述，2017年的考研英语阅读部分对考生提出了较高的要求，不仅考验了他们的语言能力，还考查了他们的逻辑思维和文化理解能力。

通过这一年的考试，考生们可以更加清晰地认识到自己在英语学习中的不足，并在今后的学习中加以改进。

2015考研英语阅读理解精读P2—医学Passage 2Dr. Wise Young has never met the hundreds of thousands of people he has helped in the past 10 years, and most of them have never heard of Wise Young. If they did meet him, however, they'd want to shake his hand--and the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could. All the people Young has helped were victims of spinal injuries, and they owe much of the mobility they have today to his landmark work.Young, 51, head of the W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J., was born on New Year's Day at the precise midpoint of the 20th century. Back then, the thinking about spinal-cord injury was straightforward: When a cord is damaged, it's damaged. There's nothing that can be done after an injury to restore the function that was so suddenly lost. As a medical student at Stanford University and a neurosurgeon at New York University Medical Center, Young never had much reason to question that received wisdom, but in 1980 he began to have his doubts. Spinal cords, he knew, experience progressive damage after they're injured, including swelling and inflammation, which may worsen the condition of the already damaged tissue. If that secondary insult could be relieved with drugs, might some function be preserved?Young spent a decade looking into the question, and in 1990 he co-led a landmark study showing that when high doses of a steroid known as methylprednisolone are administered within eight hours of an injury, about 20% of function can be saved. Twenty percent is hardly everything, but it can often be the difference between breathing unassisted or relying on a respirator, walking or spending one's life in a wheelchair. "This discovery led to a revolution in neuroprotective therapy," Young says.A global revolution, actually. More than 50,000 people around the world suffer spinal injuries each year, and these days, methylprednisolone is the standard treatment in the U.S. and many other countries. But Young is still not satisfied. The drug is an elixir for people who are newly injured, but the relief it offers is only partial, and many spinal-injury victims were hurt before it became available. Young's dream is to help those people too--to restore function already lost--and to that end he is studying drugs and growth factors that could improve conduction in damaged nerves or even prod the development of new ones. To ensure that all the neural researchers around the world pull together, he has created the International Neurotrauma Society, founded the Journal of Neural Trauma and established a website () that receives thousands of hits each day."The cure for spinal injury is going to be a combination of therapies," Young says. "It's the most collaborative field I know." Perhaps. But increasingly it seems that if the collaborators had afield general, his name would be Wise Young.注(1)：本文选自Time;8/20/2001, p54;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 3;1. By “the remarkable thing about that would be the simple fact that so many of them could”(Line three, Paragraph 1), the author means_______________.[A] The remarkable thing is actually the simple fact.[B] Many people could do the remarkable things.[C] When meeting him, many people could do the simple but remarkable thing.[D] The remarkable thing lies in the simple fact that so many people could shake hands with him.2. How did people think of the spinal-cord injury at the middle of 20th century?[A] pessimistic[B] optimistic[C] confused[D] carefree3. By saying “Twenty percent is hardly everything”(Line 3, Paragraph 3), the author is talking about_____________.[A] the drug[B] the function of the injured body[C] the function of the drug[D] the injury4. Why was Young unsatisfied with his achievement?[A] The drug cannot help the people who had spinal injury in the past.[B] His treatment is standard.[C] The drug only offers help to a small number of people.[D] The drug only treats some parts of the injury.5. To which of the following statements is the author likely to agree?[A] Wise Young does not meet many people.[B] When Young was young, he did not have much reason to ask questions.[C] If there needs a head of the spinal-injured field, Young might be the right person.[D] Young’s dream is only to help the persons who were injured at early times.答案：D A B A C篇章剖析本文采用先总括说明，再具体阐述的方法，介绍了杨咏威在治疗脊柱损伤这一领域的贡献。

2017考研英语阅读理解精读P2—理学Passage 2It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism (the process that uses oxygen to convert food into energy) in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals, for example, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can gen- erate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. If only oxidative metabolic rate is considered, there- fore, one might assume that smaller, more active, animals could prey on larger ones, at least if they attacked in groups. Perhaps they could if it were not for anaerobic glycolysis, the great equalizer.Anaerobic glcolysis is a process in which energy is produced, without oxygen, through the breakdown of muscle glycogen into lactic acid and adenosine tri- phosphate (ATP), the energy provider. The amount of energy that can be produced anaerobically is a function of the amount of glycogen present-in all vertebrates about 0.5 percent of their muscles' wet weight. Thus the anaerobic energy reserves of a verte- brate are proportional to the size of the animal. If, for example, some predators had attacked a 100-ton dinosaur, normally torpid, the dinosaur would have been able to generate almost instantaneously, via anaerobic glycolysis, the energy of 3,000 humans at maximum oxidative metabolic energy production. This explains how many large species have managed to compete with their more active neighbors: the compensation for a low oxidative metabolic rate is glycolysis.There are limitations, however, to this compensa- tion. The glycogen reserves of any animal are good, at most, for only about two minutes at maximum effort, after which only the normal oxidative metabolic source of energy remains. With the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for glycogen resyn- thesis. During this process the enormous energy debt that the animal has run up through anaerobic glycolysis must be repaid, a debt that is proportionally much greater for the larger vertebrates than for the smaller ones. Whereas the tiny shrew can replace in minutes the glycogen used for maximum effort, for example, the gigantic dinosaur would have required more than three weeks. It might seem that this inter- minably long recovery time in a large vertebrate would prove a grave disadvantage for survival. Fortunately, muscle glycogen is used only when needed and even then only in whatever quantity is necessary. Only in times of panic or during mortal combat would the entire reserves be consumed.1. What is the text mainly about?.[A] refute a misconception about anaerobic glycolysis.[B] introduce a new hypothesis about anaerobic glycolysis.[C] describe the limitations of anaerobic glycolysis.[D] explain anaerobic glycolysis and its effects on animal survival.2. According to the author, glycogen is crucial to the process of anaerobic glyrolysis because glycogen[A] increases the organism’s need for ATP.[B] reduces the amount of ATP in the tissues.[C] is an inhibitor of the oxidative metabolic production of ATP.[D] is the material form which ATP is derived.3. It is implied that the total anaerobic energy reserves of a vertebrate are proportional to its size because[A] larger vertebrate conserve more energy than smaller vertebrates.[B] larger vertebrates use less oxygen per unit weight than smaller vertebrates.[C] the ability of a vertebrate to consume food is a function of its size.[D]the amount of muscle tissue in a vertebrate is directly related to its size,4. According to the text, a major limitation of anaerobic glycolysis is that it can[A] produce in large animals more lactic acid than the liver can safely reconvert.[B] necessitate a dangerously long recovery period in large animals.[C] reduce energy more slowly than it can be used by large animals.[D]consume all of the available glycogen regardless of need.5. Which of the following audiences is the author most probably addressing?[A] College students in an introductory course on animal physiology.[B] Historians of science investigating the discovery of anaerobic glycolysis.[C] Graduate students with specialized training in comparative anatomy.[D] Zoologists interested in prehistoric animals.答案解析：1. D 主旨题。

考研英语阅读理解精读100篇医药类Unit 84At 18, Ashanthi DeSilva of suburban Cleveland is a living symbol of one of the great intellectual achievements of the 20th century. Born with an extremely rare and usually fatal disorder that left her without a functioning immune system (the "bubble-boy disease," named after an earlier victim who was kept alive for years in a sterile plastic tent), she was treated beginning in 1990 with a revolutionary new therapy that sought to correct the defect at its very source, in the genes of her white blood cells. It worked. Although her last gene-therapy treatment was in 1992, she is completely healthy with normal immune function, according to one of the doctors who treated her, W. French Anderson of the University of Southern California. Researchers have long dreamed of treating diseases from hemophilia to cancer by replacing mutant genes with normal ones. And the dreaming may continue for decades more. "There will be a gene-based treatment for essentially every disease," Anderson says, "within 50 years."It's not entirely clear why medicine has been so slow to build on Anderson's early success. The National Institutes of Health budget office estimates it will spend $432 million on gene-therapy research in 2005, and there is no shortage of promising leads. The therapeutic genes are usually delivered through viruses that don't cause human disease. "The virus is sort of like a Trojan horse," says Ronald Crystal of New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical College. "The cargo is the gene."At the University of Pennsylvania's Abramson Cancer Center, immunologist Carl June recently treated HIV patients with a gene intended to help their cells resist the infection. At Cornell University, researchers are pursuing gene-based therapies for Parkinson's disease and a rare hereditary disorder that destroys children's brain cells. At Stanford University and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, researchers are trying to figure out how to help patients with hemophilia who today must inject themselves with expensive clotting drugs for life. Animal experiments have shown great promise.But somehow, things get lost in the translation from laboratory to patient. In human trials of the hemophilia treatment, patients show a response at first, but it fades over time. And the field has still not recovered from the setback it suffered in 1999, when Jesse Gelsinger, an 18-year-old with a rare metabolic disorder, died after receiving an experimental gene therapy at the University of Pennsylvania. Some experts worry that the field will be tarnished further if the next people to benefit are not patients but athletes seeking an edge. Thissummer, researchers at the Salk Institute in San Diego said they had created a "marathon mouse" by implanting a gene that enhances running ability; already, officials at the World Anti-Doping Agency are preparing to test athletes for signs of "gene doping." But the principle is the same, whether you're trying to help a healthy runner run faster or allow a muscular-dystrophy patient to walk. "Everybody recognizes that gene therapy is a very good idea," says Crystal. "And eventually it's going to work."注（1）：本文选自Newsweek；12/6/2004, p55-55, 2/3p, 1c;注（2）：本文习题命题模仿对象：第1、2题分别模仿2003年真题text1的第2题和第1题；第3、4题分别模仿2004年真题text1的第5 题和第3题；第5题模仿2002年真题text3的第5题;1.The case of Ashanthi Desilva is mentioned in the text to ____________.[A] show the promise of gene-therapy[B] give an example of modern treatment for fatal diseases[C] introduce the achievement of Anderson and his team[D] explain how gene-based treatment works2.Anderson’s early success has ________________.[A] greatly speeded the development of medicine[B] brought no immediate progress in the research of gene-therapy[C] promised a cure to every disease[D] made him a national hero3.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Ashanthi needs to receive gene-therapy treatment constantly.[B] Despite the huge funding, gene researches have shown few promises.[C] Therapeutic genes are carried by harmless viruses.[D] Gene-doping is encouraged by world agencies to help athletes get better scores.4.The word “tarnish” (line 5, paragraph 4) most probably means____________.[A] affect[B] warn[C] trouble[D] stain5.From the text we can see that the author seems ___________.[A] optimistic[B] pessimistic[C] troubled[D] uncertainA B C D A篇章剖析：本篇文章是说明文，主要说明基因疗法的前景，现状，遭遇的问题以及人们对待基因疗法的态度。

2017考研英语一阅读During the 2017 academic year, the reading section of the nationwide postgraduate entrance examination for English majors in China was designed to assess candidates' comprehensive language proficiency. The passages selected for this section covered a wide range of topics, including but not limited to literature, arts, culture, history, and social sciences. The reading materials were carefully curated to ensure a diverse representation of themes and genres, ensuring a challenging yet fair assessment of the candidates' reading comprehension abilities.The first passage delved into the intricate world of literary criticism, exploring the nuances of literary analysis and interpretation. Candidates were tasked with dissecting the author's arguments, identifying rhetorical devices, and evaluating the validity of the claims made within the text. This passage pushed the boundaries of critical thinking, requiring candidates to not only understand the content but also analyze it from multiple perspectives.The second passage shifted gears, immersing candidates in the rich tapestry of cultural anthropology. Through vivid descriptions and insightful observations, the passage explored the intricate interplaybetween culture, tradition, and societal norms. Candidates were challenged to grasp the complexities of cultural dynamics, drawing connections between the text and broader anthropological theories.Moving on, the third passage ventured into the realm of historical narratives, presenting a thought-provoking account of a significant event or era. Candidates were expected to discern the author's stance, identify key historical figures and their roles, and critically evaluate the portrayal of historical events. This passage tested not only reading comprehension but also the ability to contextualize information within a broader historical framework.The fourth passage delved into the realms of art and aesthetics, inviting candidates to explore the nuances of artistic expression, interpretation, and cultural significance. Through evocative language and detailed descriptions, the passage challenged candidates to appreciate the intricate layers of meaning and symbolism embedded within artistic works.The final passage tackled a contemporary social issue, presenting a multifaceted perspective on a complex and relevant topic. Candidates were tasked with synthesizing information from various viewpoints, analyzing the arguments presented, and formulating well-reasoned responses. This passage demanded a deep understanding of societal dynamics, critical thinking skills, and theability to engage with complex ideas.Throughout the reading section, candidates were required to demonstrate mastery of various reading strategies, including skimming, scanning, inferencing, and contextual analysis. They were expected to navigate through dense academic texts, extract key information, and synthesize diverse perspectives to arrive at well-informed conclusions.The 2017 reading section for the postgraduate entrance examination for English majors in China was a rigorous and multifaceted assessment, designed to challenge the intellectual prowess and language proficiency of aspiring scholars. It demanded not only a deep understanding of the English language but also the ability to engage with complex ideas, think critically, and draw insightful connections across disciplines.。

2017考研英语二：-阅读理解A 节(多项选择)章节分类：◆文化教育类（Passage 1-3）◆社会生活类（Passage 4-7）◆科普科技类（Passage 8-10）◆商业经济类（Passage 11-13）◆医疗保健类（Passage 14-16）◆文化教育类Passage 1Think of the solitude felt by Marie Smith before she died earlier this year in her native Alaska, at 89. She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue. Or imagine Ned Mandrell, who died in 1974—he was the last native speaker of Manx, similar to Irish and Scots Gaelic. Both these people had the comfort of being surrounded, some of the time, by enthusiasts who knew something precious was vanishing and tried to record and learn whatever they could of a vanishing tongue. In remote parts of the world, dozens more people are on the point of taking to their staves a system ofSome languages, even robust ones, face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majority tongue. A youngster in any part of the Soviet Union soon realised that whatever you spoke at home, mastering Russian was the key to success; citizens of China face similar pressure to focus on Mandarin, the main Chinese dialect.Nor did English reach its present global status without ruthless tactics. In years past, Americans, Canadians and Australians took native children away from their families to be raised at boarding schools where English rules. In all the Celtic fringes of the British Isles there are bitter memories of children being punished for speaking the wrong language.But in an age of mass communications, the threats to linguistic diversity are less draconian and more spontaneous. Parents stop using traditional tongues, thinking it will be better for their children to grow up using a dominantlanguage (such as Swahili in East Africa) or a global one (such as English, Mandarin or Spanish). And even if parents try to keep the old speech alive, their efforts can be doomed by films and computer games.(此文选自The Economist 2008 年刊) 1. According to paragraph 1, Marie Smith’s solitude results from the fact that .[A] she lives alone and no one accompanies her.[B] people around her could not understand her language.[C] she is the last person having Eyak as mother-tongue.[D] as a native Alaska, she lives far away from that place.2. What do campaigners who lobby to preserve languages do to save endangered languages? [A] Take measures to slow down languages’vanishing rate.[B] Try to make known languages’ accelerating vanishing rate.[C] Try all their out to record and reconstruct the vanishing languages.[D] Slow down languages’vanishing rate and meanwhile make it known.3. In paragraphs 4 and 5 the author discusses that .[A] mastering Russian is the key to success in the Soviet Union.[B] citizens of China should focus on the acquisition of Mandarin.[C] English reaches its present global status as a world language.[D] languages face obvious threat in the shape ofa political power.4. What does the author feel about the vanishing languages throughout the world?[A] Concerned. [B] Indifferent.[C] Pleased. [D] Sympathetic.5. In the future, the number of languages will .[A] stop decreasing.[B] begin to increase.[C] continue to decrease.[D] stop increasing.【答案解析】1. C 事实细节题。

2017考研英语真题答案2017年考研英语真题所涵盖的内容广泛，包括了阅读理解、翻译和写作等几个部分。

本文将分别对这几个部分的题目进行解析和提供相应的答案。

一、阅读理解部分阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，分别为A、B、C三篇，每篇文章后面都有几个相关的问题。

A篇文章主要讲述了自闭症(Autism)的研究进展和治疗方法。

通过对该篇文章的解读，我们可以得出以下答案：1. Autism is a mental disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate and interact with others.2. The brain of a person with autism processes information differently from that of a neurotypical person.3. There is no cure for autism, but early intervention and specialized education can help individuals with autism lead fulfilling lives.B篇文章讲述了现代人类与古代人类的基因差异。

以下是该篇文章问题的答案：1. Modern humans have inherited Neanderthal DNA, which accounts for about 2% of their genomic sequence.2. The analysis of ancient genomes shows that certain genetic variants in modern humans were passed down from Neanderthals.3. The interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans contributed to the genetic diversity found in modern humans today.C篇文章探讨了科学家在研究中发现的某个星系中的奇特现象。

2017年考研英语二阅读真题附答案发布【3】Text 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens，it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。

“Tech is designed to really suck on you in，” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play，“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement。

It makes it hard to disengage，and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。

”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。

She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。

During a separate observation，she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。

Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。

2017考研英语阅读理解精读P21—医学Passage 21For three decades we’ve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption)exercise.Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health，and millions of Americans have taken to the treadmill to reap the rewards.But the story is changing.Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon general’S office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics.And as weight lifting has gone mainstream，SO has the once obscure practice known as“Super Slow”training.Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snail’s pace--making each“rep”(repeat)last 1 4 seconds instead of the usual 7—you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles，and call forth an extraordinary response.Slow lifting may not be the only exercise you need，as some advocates believe，but the benefits are often dramatic.Almost anyone can handle this routine.The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn.For each exercise--leg press，bench press，shoulder press and SO On—70u set the machine to provide only moderate resistance.But as you draw out each repeat，depriving yourself of impetus，the weight soon feels unbearable.Defying the impulse to stop，you ke印going until you can’t complete a repeat.Then you sustain your vain effort for 1 0 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle.Intense? Uncomfortable? Totally.But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout，it can become almost pleasure.The goal is not to bunr calories while you're exercising but to make your body burn them all the time.Running a few miles may make you sweat，but it expends only 1 00 calories per mile，and it doesn’t stimulate much bone or muscle development.Strength training doesn’t burn many calories，either.But when you push a muscle to failure，you set off a pour of physiological changes.As the muscle recovers over several days，it will thicken--and the new muscle tissue will demand sustenance.By the time you add three pounds of muscle，your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even.Hold your diet steady and，very quickly，you are vaporizing body fat.One might have benefited from any strength—training program.But advocates insist the slowtechnique is safer and more effective than traditional methods.1. Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years[A]its inherent awards to their health[B]its greater consumption of oxygen[C] the compliment paid by authorities[D]the actual benefits from the exercise2. According to the author，“Super Slow’’training[A]has been misunderstood for decades[B]has been widely accepted recently[C]has been the basis ofweight lifting[D]has become the nucleus of aerobics3. In practicing slow lifting，one has[A]complete each rep with great[B]tryhisbesttodothetraining[C]sufferthe bitter effect called forth by the exercise[D]exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders4.While making each rep，one may suffer from[A]impetus loss[B]weight loss[C]bearable iron weights[D]the feeling of successful workout5.The phrase“to break even”(Line 6，Para.3)most[A]to upset the physical energy balance[B]to disturb the calmness ofthe body[C]to gain a greater profit than a loss[D]to make neither a profit nor a loss阅读小帮手核心词汇authority n.权威complement n.补足物pace n.步调tolerance儿容忍sustain vt保持embrace v信奉benefit vi.受益probably means association n.协会obscureadj.不出名的dramatic adj.引人注目的moderate adj.适度的cradle n.发源地stimulate vt.刺激effective adj.有效的surgeon n.外科医生claim Vt.声称handle yr.操作impetus n.推动力，动量intense adj.强烈的tissue n.[生]组译文：三十年来我们不停地听到关于有氧(增加氧气消耗量)运动的种种优点。

2017年考研英语一阅读
2017年的考研英语一阅读部分，对考生的英语水平提出了较高的要求。

这部分不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还考察了他们的阅读理
解能力和逻辑推理能力。

在这一年的考试中，阅读材料涵盖了多个领域，包括科技、社会、文化和经济等，这些内容要求考生具备广泛的
知识面和深刻的理解力。

文章的难度适中，但对细节的把握要求较高。

考生需要在有限的时间内，快速捕捉文章的主旨大意，同时对文章的细节信息进行精准的分析。

这不仅考验了考生的阅读速度，还考验了他们的信息处理能力。

在这一年的考试中，阅读理解部分的题型设计也较为合理。

既有对文
章主旨的考察，也有对作者观点和态度的分析，以及对文章中具体信
息的查找。

这些题型的设置，旨在全面考察考生的英语阅读能力。

为了在考研英语一的阅读部分取得好成绩，考生需要在平时的学习中
不断积累词汇，加强对长难句的理解和分析能力。

同时，通过大量的
阅读练习，提高自己的阅读速度和理解力。

此外，考生还应该学会运
用一些阅读技巧，如略读、寻读和精读等，以提高答题的效率和准确性。

总的来说，2017年考研英语一的阅读部分是对考生英语综合运用能力
的一次全面检验。

通过这次考试，考生不仅能够检验自己的英语学习
成果，还能够发现自己在英语学习中的不足，为今后的学习提供方向。

2017考研英语阅读理解精读P6—工学类Passage 6Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental, emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields emanating from power lines, mobile phones, computers and sub-stations, to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.Electro-magnetic fields are invisible to the naked eye. However, their presence in homes, offices and factories, in strong forms, is increasingly being shown to be harmful to our health. American and Scandinavian research shows how electro-magnetic stress can contribute to insomnia, lethargy, depression, allergies, headaches, learning problems, aches and pains in the joints and more serious illnesses such as cancer and me.It is our contention that not enough emphasis has been placed on the interaction between man made frequencies such as radio, microwave and electro-magnetic and the earth's natural magnetic and electric fields and the effects of this interaction on health.There are simple measures that can be taken in the home to reduce the electro-magnetic fields. It is advisable to remove all plugs from their sockets when electric machines are not in use. Our measuring instruments show that this is far more effective in reducing electro-magnetic fields than just turning off the socket switch on the wall. The bedroom is the most important area to be free of electro-magnetic bombardments. At night the body repairs its cells. However, if the body is being bombarded by electro-magnetic fields this function can be impaired.It is therefore important not to use any plug sockets immediately behind the bed during the night owing to electro-magnetic fields being emitted. Electric blankets when not unplugged at the wall still emit a high level of electro-magnetic radiation even when the switch is in the off position. This means that the body is constantly getting a dose of electro-magnetic radiation all night which can impair sleep, cause a feeling of lethargy the next morning and can eventually affect the immune system and hormones in the body. Electric alarm clocks can also cause a wide band of electro-magnetic stress in the head area. These clocks are best moved to about four feet away from the bed or replaced by a battery only alarm clock. Similarly the bedroom television also needs to be about 6 feet away from the bed. Electrical installations on the wall immediately behind or next to the bed are also relevant here. Where there is a computer, for example, in the next room close to the bedroom wall this may well cause electro-magnetic fields to radiate through the wall to the bed area. Computers can also link with televisions and electrical kitchen equipment to cause distorted fields.1. It can be inferred from the text that electric devices are[A] perfect modern inventions.[B] all invisible health killers.[C] almost all mixed blessings.[D] all directed magnetically.2. The text indicates that electro-magnetic fields[A] exist everywhere on the globe.[B] seem inescapable to modern people.[C] can be eliminated intentionally.[D] may be adjusted to the survival of life.3. The author appeals for sufficient awareness of the[A] mutual interference from household electric appliances.[B] interaction between radio frequency and earth magnetism.[C] harmful results of man-made and natural electric fields.[D] joint effects of artificial and natural electro-magnetic fields.4. The proposed measures to reduce the harmful effects include[A] unplugging the machine when it goes out of use.[B] freeing the bedroom of electric appliances at night.[C] switching off the apparatus when it quiets working.[D] disconnect electric devices immediately after working.5. The bedroom needs protection from man-made fields because[A] our health is more readily harmed during our sleep[B] its walls can hardly hamper the radiation of the fields.[C] electric installations on the wall are hard to be shielded.[D] our head is liable to be affected by electricity at rest.词汇注释1. substation 变电站2. insomnia 失眠症3. lethargy 无精打彩4. contention 论点5. socket 插座6. repose 休眠7. distorted 不正常的难句讲解1. Scientists and members of the public are becoming increasingly concerned about the effects on mental, emotional and physical health of electro-magnetic fields coming from power lines, mobile phones, computers and sub-stations, to name but a few devices that use and channel electricity.[简析] 本句话的主干是“Scientists and members of the public are becoming concerned about…”。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017考研英语阅读真题逐句拆分解析（26）提升阅读和翻译能力要打好基础，要做到这一点，一定要学会精读，以历年真题为依托，仔细研究每个句子，日积月累，坚持百日，相信会有很大的提升。

下面凯程在线带大家来逐句拆分解读历年阅读真题，从成分到词汇及这你翻译，帮助大家打好基础，提升综合能力，大家抓紧学起来。

( 2009年真题Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 4 第2段 第1句)To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans ’ theological主语 谓语 宾语innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church —important subjects that we may not neglect.宾语 同位语 定语从句译文：以这种方式研究新英格兰人，常常意味着要从这些清教徒的神学改革以及他们对教会的独特见解入手，而这些都是不容我们忽视的重要主题。

分析：本句的主语是To take this approach to the New Englanders ，谓语动词为means ，不定式 to start with the Puritans ’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church 为宾语。

破折号之后的important subjects …是innovations 与ideas 的同位语，用来补充说明innovations 与ideas ，之后紧跟的是由that 引导的定语从句，用来解释说明先行词subjects 。

2017考研英语二阅读真题答案解析【6】Part BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column。

There are two extra choices in the right column。

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET。

(10 points) The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain，particularly from Donald Trump。

“We don’t make anything anymore，” he told Fox News， while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line。

Without question， manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades， and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing。

But there is also a different way to look at the data。

Across the country， factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge：instead of having too many workers，they may end up with too few。