植入椎弓根螺钉内固定胸腰椎骨折患者术后的矫正度丢失_植入体特征与临床技术的关系

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CRTER植入椎弓根螺钉内固定胸腰椎骨折患者术后的矫正度丢失:植入体特征与临床技术的关系★项良碧,祖启明,曹艳Lossofcorrectioninpatientswiththoracolumbarfractureaftertranspedicularscrewfixation:RelationshipbetweenimplantfeatureandclinicalskillsAbstractOBJECTIVE:Toanalyzethereasonandcountermeasureoflossofcorrectioninpatientswiththoracolumbarfractureaftertranspedicularscrewfixation,andtheninstructtheclinicalpractice.DATASOURCES:TherelevantarticlespublishedbetweenJanuary1997andJuly2005weresearchedforbyusingcomputerwiththekeywords“thoracolumbar,pediclescrew,complication”inMedlineinEnglish.Meanwhile,sucharticlespublishedbetweenJanuary1994andJuly2006werealsosearchedforinWanfangdatabasewiththekeywordsof“thoracolumbar,pediclescrew,complication”inChinese.STUDYSELECTION:Inclusivearticleswerethoseabout①randomizedcontrolledexperimentalstudied,②before-aftercontrolledclinicalstudies,③casereports.Exclusivearticleswererepeatedstudiesandreviews.DATAEXTRACTION:Fulltextsofthe36collectedarticlesweresearchedfor,amongwhich30werequoted.Therest6articleswereexcludedduetotheirreceptivityandreview.The30articlesanalyzedthereasonandcountermeasureoflossofcorrectioninpatientswiththoracolumbarfractureaftertranspedicularscrewfixation.DATASYNTHESIS:Countermeasureoflossofcorrectionafterprevention:①Thestabilityoftranspedicularscrewfixationwasstrengthenedbystrengtheningcontrolofscrewanddecreasingthestressloadingofscrew.Beforeremodeling,stelarbonedefectwasestablishedbyboneandbonecementtransplantationinpedicleofvertebralarch.②Correctpostoperativerehabilitation:Toavoidpostoperativeearlyloading,wearingorthosis,toavoidremovethefixationearly.Patientswithosteoporosiscouldtakedruganddoexercisesafteroperationsoastoimprovebonemineraldensity.③Reasonoflossofcorrectionafteroperation:Bonedefectofvertebralbodydidnotrepairpromptly;thecataplasiaofintervertebraldiskofinterproximalclearance;theshortcomingofinternalfixation;severevertebralfraction;removalofinternalfixation,loadingearly,ordidnotwearorthosisafteroperation,severeosteoporosis.CONCLUSION:Thelossofcorrectioninpatientswiththoracolumbarfractureaftertranspedicularscrewfixationiscomprisedoftwoaspects,bonecollapseofthefracturevertebraandsecondaryretrogressionofadjacentdisc.Thelossofcorrectionmaycausebyonesinglefactor,butinmanycases,itmaybecausedbymultiplicatefactors.Topreventthelossofcorrectionafterpreventionmainlydependsonsuchmeasures:enhancingthestabilityoffixation,remodelingtheanteriorandcentralcylinderstructureofthefracturevertebra,choosingasuitablepostoperativerehabilitationtreatment.XiangLB,ZuQM,CaoY.Lossofcorrectioninpatientswiththoracolumbarfractureaftertranspedicularscrewfixation:Relationshipbetweenimplantfeatureandclinicalskills.ZhongguoZuzhiGongchengYanjiuyuLinchuangKangfu2007;11(5):953-956(China)[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/07-5/5k-953(ps).pdf]摘要目的:分析植入椎弓根螺钉内固定胸腰椎骨折患者术后矫正度丢失的原因及预防措施,指导临床实践。

资料来源:应用计算机检索Medline1997-01/2005-07相关文章,检索词“thoracolumbar;pediclescrew;complication”,并限定文章语言种类为English。

同时检索万方数据库1994-01/2006-07文献,检索词“胸腰椎;椎弓根螺钉;并发症”,限定文章语言种类为中文,。

资料选择:文献纳入标准:①随机对照研究。

②前后对照研究。

③个案报道。

排除标准:重复研究和综述类文献。

资料提炼:共收集36篇文献,通过查找全文,重点引用文献30篇,排除6篇为重复研究和综述文献。

30篇文献分别对胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根螺钉内固定后矫正度的丢失的原因和预防方法进行了分析。

资料综合:预防术后矫正度丢失的措施:①增加椎弓根固定系统的稳定性,可通过增加螺钉的把持力和降低螺钉的应力负荷实现;重建前、中柱的骨缺损,通过经椎弓根椎体内植骨和经椎弓根椎体内注入骨水泥来实现。

②正确的术后康复。

避免术后过早负重,术后坚持佩戴支具,避免过早取除内固定;伴骨质疏松症者术前术后可采用药物、运动等疗法以改善骨密度。

③认识导致术后矫正度丢失的原因。

椎体骨缺损未及时修复;相邻间隙的椎间盘退变;内固定存在缺陷;严重椎体骨折;其他如术后过早去除内固定,术后过早负重或未佩带支具,严重骨质疏松。

结论:植入椎弓根螺钉内固定后胸腰椎骨折患者矫正度的丢失主要包含伤椎的骨塌陷和相邻间隙的继发性狭窄两个方面。

其原因可能是单一因素所致,但多数是多因素所致,预防术后矫正度丢失的主要措施是增加内固定的稳定性和重建伤椎前、中柱的骨缺损以及介入正确的术后康复。

关键词:骨折固定术,内;骨螺丝;生物力学;腰椎/外科学;假体和植入物项良碧,祖启明,曹艳.植入椎弓根螺钉内固定胸腰椎骨折患者术后的矫正度丢失:植入体特征与临床技术的关系[J].中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2007,11(5):953-956[www.zglckf.com/zglckf/ejournal/upfiles/07-5/5k-953(ps).pdf]综述DepartmentofOrthopaedics,GeneralHospitalofShenyangMilitaryAreaCommandofChinesePLA,Shenyang110016,LiaoningProvince,ChinaXiangLiang-bi★,Master,Associatechiefphysician,DepartmentofOrthopaedics,GeneralHospitalofShenyangMilitaryAreaCommandofChinesePLA,Shenyang110016,LiaoningProvince,Chinahanwenfeng@medmail.com.cnReceived:2006-06-27Accepted:2006-09-14解放军沈阳军区总医院骨科,辽宁省沈阳市110016项良碧★,男,1963年生,浙江省温州市,汉族,1985年解放军第四军医大学毕业,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科基础与临床的研究。

hanwenfeng@medmail.com.cn中图分类号:R318文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-8225(2007)05-00953-04收稿日期:2006-06-27修回日期:2006-09-14(06-55-6-4727/SN・Q)中国组织工程研究与临床康复第11卷第5期2007-02-04!"JournalofClinicalRehabilitativeTissueEngineeringResearchFebruary4,2007Vol.11,No.5CRTERISSN1673-8225CN21-1539/Rwww.zglckf.comkf23385083@sina.com项良碧,等.植入椎弓根螺钉内固定胸腰椎骨折患者术后的矫正度丢失:植入体特征与临床技术的关系0引言虽然大部分胸腰椎骨折可通过椎弓根钉内固定获得满意效果,但术后矫正度的丢失也时常发生,严重者可造成后凸畸形复发和术后遗留腰背部疼痛并给内固定破坏和脊髓慢性损伤埋下隐患。