2012os第1章

SCOM2012系统建置⼿册Step by step installation of SCOM 2012Pre-Install Preparation1.Ensure that all minimum requirements are met for the role(s) you areinstalling. The list of requirements for each role can be found here. 2.Ensure that the account being used to run your Management Serverservices is a member of the Local Administrators group on each ofyour Management Server.3.Ensure that any machine that is going to run the Operations Consolehas the MS Report Viewer installed, which can be found here.4.Ensure that the DW Write account for the environment you areinstalling is a local Administrator on the server hosting the SSRSReporting installation that will be used for SCOM.Install the First Agent Management ServerLog on to the server by using an account that has local administrative credentials.1.On the Operations Manager installation media, run Setup.exe, andthen on the splash screen click Install.2.On the Getting Started, Select features to install page, select theManagement server feature, and then click Next.3.On the Getting Started, Select installation location page, accept thedefault value of C:\Program Files\System Center 2012\Operations Manager. Or, type a new location or browse to one, and then clickNext.4.On the Prerequisites page, review and resolve any warnings or errors,and then click Verify Prerequisites Again to recheck the system.5.If the Prerequisites checker does not return any warnings or errors,the Prerequisites, Proceed with Setup page appears. Click Next.6.On the Configuration, Specify an installation option page, selectCreate the first Management server in a new management group, type the name for the management group, and then click Next.7.On the Configuration, Please read the license terms page, reviewthe Microsoft Software License Terms, select I have read,understood and agree with the license terms, and then click Next.8.When the Configuration, Configure the operational database pageopens, in the Server name and instance name box, type the name of the server and the name of the SQL Server instance for the database server that will host the operational database.9.After you type the correct value for the SQL Server database servername, click the SQL Server port box so that Setup will attempt to validate the values you typed for the SQL Server name and for the port number. If validation fails, ensure the SQL instance name you typed in is correct, and that you have permissions to read from the Master database and create new databases on the specified SQL instance, and try again.10.In the Database name, Database size (MB), Data file folder, andLog file folder boxes, accept the default values, and click Next. 11.When the Configuration, Configure the data warehouse databasepage opens, in the Server name and instance name box, type the server name and the name of the instance of SQL Server for thedatabase server that will host the data warehouse database.12.Because this is the first management server installation, accept thedefault value of Create a new data warehouse database.13.In the Database name, Database size (MB), Data file folder, andLog file folder boxes, accept the default values, and click Next. 14.On the Configuration, Configure Operations Manager accountspage, ensure that the Domain Account option is selected for each of the Management server action account, the System CenterConfiguration service and System Center Data Access serviceaccount, the Data Reader account, and the Data Writer account rows. Enter in the appropriate usernames for each row, with allpasswords. Click Next when finished.15.On the Configuration, Help improve System Center 2012 –Operations Manager page, select Yes for both options, and then click Next.16.Review the options on the Configuration, Installation Summarypage, and then click Install. Setup continues.17.When Setup is finished, the Setup is complete page appears. ClickClose.BeginningsThe following step-by-step walkthrough, starts from a newly built Microsoft Windows 2008R2 with SP1 Enterprise member server. We already have a fully working SQL Server 2008 R2 instance on a different member server.Database requirements:· SQL Collation: IMPORTANT - install SCOM 2012 on SQL withthe SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS collation!·SQL Server 2008 with SP1/2/3, 2008R2, or 2008 R2 SP1 - Standard or Enterprise editions (no support for Express editions -it will not work, trust me, I’ve tried it!)· SQL Server Agent service must be started, and the startup type must be set to automatic· The db_owner role for the operational database must be a domain account· SQL Server Full Text Search is required· SQL Services Reporting Services (for Operations Manager Reporting)Note: If you don’t yet have an SQL Server 2008 R2 instance, a standard Next Next Next type install with Full Text Search, will suffice for the following demo/pilot.WalkthroughPart 1 - Server PreparationLogged in as a domain user with local administrator permissions (using domain administrator here which is not best practice) Add Features Wizard: Install the .NET Framework 3.5.1 feature from Server Manager > Features > Add Features:Accept to add the additional Required Role Services and Next > Next >:Select the role services to install for Web Server (IIS): Add the following IIS role services and Next >:· IIS6 Metabase Compatability· /doc/d64090e027284b73f3425002.html (and accept Add Required Role Services which includes the required - Default Document, ISAPI Filters, and ISAPI Extensions)· Windows Authentication· Static Content· Directory Browsing· HTTP Errors· HTTP Logging· Request Monitor· Static Content Compression· IIS Management Console· CGIConfirm Installation Selections: and Install:Download and install Microsoft .NET Framework 4 (Web Installer): dotNetFx40_Full_setup.exeInternet Information Services (IIS) Manager: From IIS Manager > Select the Web Server object > ISAPI and CGI Restrictions icon> and make sure that /doc/d64090e027284b73f3425002.html v4 is Allowed for 32 and 64 bit:Download and install the Report Viewer controls which are part of the Microsoft Report Viewer 2010 Redistributable Package: ReportViewer.exe(Optional) Turn off Windows Firewall:Mount the SQL Server 2008 R2 DVD/ISO:en_sql_server_2008_r2_enterprise_x86_x64_ia64_dvd_520517.isoAnd run through the ‘New installation or add features to an existing installation’ wizard to install ‘Reporting Services’:Note: We use a remote database for the operational database, and data warehouse database; installing Reporting Services here serves to populate the SQL Server instance field when on the ‘S QL Server instance for reporting services step’ of the SCOM2012 installation (see here for more info.) The SSRS instance needs to be a separate instance to SQL instance used by SCOM.At this stage it would be worth updating the server with the latest Microsoft and Windows patches.Part 2 - SCOM 2012 InstallInsert the System Center 2012 Operations Manager DVD/ISO and run SETUP.EXE (if autorun disabled):en_system_center_2012_operations_manager_x86_x64_dvd_804695.isoThe Microsoft System Center 2012 - Operations Manager setup screen appears:Links for reference:Release NotesInstallation GuidanceSupported ConfigurationsProduct DocumentationOperations Manager CommunityClick the Install button:Select features to install (here we’re going for a complete install) and Next >:Select installation location and Next >:Verify Prerequisites and if okay then Next >:Specify whether this is going to be the first Management server or an additional one (here we are creating a first one, so we need to provide a Management group name) and Next >:Accept the license terms and Next >:Configure the operational database - provide name and instance name of the SQL server to be used, configure further as required, and Next >:Configure the data warehouse database as required and Next >:SQL Server instance for reporting services - since we installed SSRS locally, this will pick up the local instance, Next >:Specify a web site for use with the Web console - use ‘Default Web Site’ or select as required, Next >:Select an authentication mode for use with the Web console, Next >:Configure Operations Manage accounts (for the demo using the domain administrator account which is not best practice - see Operations Manager Security Guide), Next >:Customer Experience Improvement and other stuff, Next> :Microsoft Update setting, Next >:Installation Summary, Install:The End!Note: In hindsight; for a demo you could probably get away with a local installation SQL Standard or Enterprise on the SCOM Server, with an additional instance for Reporting Services. Apologies I have no time to verify this.。

第1章计算机系统概述1.1、图1.3中的理想机器还有两条I/O指令：0011 = 从I/O中载入AC0111 = 把AC保存到I/O中在这种情况下，12位地址标识一个特殊的外部设备。

请给出以下程序的执行过程（按照图1.4的格式）：1.从设备5中载入AC。

2.加上存储器单元940的内容。

3.把AC保存到设备6中。

假设从设备5中取到的下一个值为3940单元中的值为2。

答案：存储器（16进制内容）：300：3005；301：5940；302：7006步骤1：3005－>IR；步骤2：3－>AC步骤3：5940－>IR；步骤4：3＋2＝5－>AC步骤5：7006－>IR：步骤6：AC－>设备61.2、本章中用6步来描述图1.4中的程序执行情况，请使用MAR和MBR扩充这个描述。

答案：1. a. PC中包含第一条指令的地址300，该指令的内容被送入MAR中。

b. 地址为300的指令的内容（值为十六进制数1940）被送入MBR，并且PC增1。

这两个步骤是并行完成的。

c. MBR中的值被送入指令寄存器IR中。

2. a. 指令寄存器IR中的地址部分（940）被送入MAR中。

b. 地址940中的值被送入MBR中。

c. MBR中的值被送入AC中。

3. a. PC中的值（301）被送入MAR中。

b. 地址为301的指令的内容（值为十六进制数5941）被送入MBR，并且PC增1。

c. MBR中的值被送入指令寄存器IR中。

4. a. 指令寄存器IR中的地址部分（941）被送入MAR中。

b. 地址941中的值被送入MBR中。

c. AC中以前的内容和地址为941的存储单元中的内容相加，结果保存到AC中。

5. a. PC中的值（302）被送入MAR中。

b. 地址为302的指令的内容（值为十六进制数2941）被送入MBR，并且PC增1。

c. MBR中的值被送入指令寄存器IR中。

6. a. 指令寄存器IR中的地址部分（941）被送入MAR中。

About the T utorialWindows Server 2012 codenamed Windows Server 8 is the most recent version of the operating system from Microsoft regarding server management, but not the last one which is Windows Server 2016. Officially it was released on August 1, 2012 and is just a commercial version as of now.Windows Server 2012 has four editions: Foundation, Essentials, Standard and Datacenter. Each one of them has their own limitations except the Datacenter version, which is also the most expensive one.This is an introductory tutorial that explains all the fundamentals of Windows Server 2012.AudienceThis tutorial has been designed for all those readers who want to learn the features of Windows Server 2012. It is especially going to be useful for all those professionals who are required to install and use this operating system to perform various duties in their respective organizations.PrerequisitesWe assume the readers of this tutorial have a practical experience of handling a Windows-based Servers. In addition, it is going to help if the readers have a basic knowledge of how to install and use an operating system.Disclaimer & CopyrightCopyright 2018 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or inthistutorial,******************************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (1)Audience (1)Prerequisites (1)Disclaimer & Copyright (1)Table of Contents (2)1.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 – OVERVIEW (5)Improvements in Windows Server 2012 (5)2.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 – INSTALLATION (8)System Requirements (8)3.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 – SERVER ROLES (15)4.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − POWERSHELL (22)PowerShell ISE (24)PowerShell Basic Commands (27)5.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − REMOTE MANAGEMENT (29)Adding a Server for Remote Management (30)6.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − WINDOWS FIREWALL (33)How to Create a New Firewall Rule? (36)7.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − REMOTE DESKTOP MANAGEMENT (45)8.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − RESOURCE MON ITOR (49)9.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − ACTIVE DIRECTORY (51)10.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − DC ACCOUNTS (61)11.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − FILE SYSTEM (65)12.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − GROUP MANAGED SERVICE ACCOUNTS (67)13.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − GROUP POLICY OVERVIEW (70)14.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − DHCP ROLE (73)Post-deployment Configuration (79)Scope Implementation of DHCP (81)15.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − DNS ROLE (91)16.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − PRIMARY ZONES (96)17.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − MANAGE RECORDS (100)18.WINDOWS SERV ER 2012 − IIS OVERVI EW (105)19.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − IIS SECURITY (111)20.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − HYPER-V (119)21.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − ADVANCED CONFIGURATION (124)22.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − CONFIGURE WSUS ROLE (130)23.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 – WSUS POLICIES & TUNING (134)24.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − SHARING OF FILES (144)25.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − FILE MANAGER (151)26.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − PRINT SERVER (160)27.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − EASY PRINTING (163)28.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − CONFIGURE PRINT DRIVERS (166)29.WINDOWS SERVE R 2012 − NETWORK SER VICES (168)30.WINDOWS SERVER 2012 − BACKUP MANAGEMENT (176)Windows Server 2012 Windows Server 2012 codenamed Windows Server 8 is the most recent version of the operating system from Microsoft regarding server management. But it is not the last one, as the last one is Windows Server 2016. Officially it was released on August 1st, 2012 and is being sold as a commercial version only.Improvements in Windows Server 2012The major Improvements on this version are as follows:∙It is ready to be integrated with cloud systems and it still can maintain the classic features of local datacenters as a result Hyper-V Virtualization has new features Hyper-v replicas, it allows you to create virtual machines replications between clusters and storage systems.∙The Storage migration virtual disks can be moved to different physical storages, Virtual machine snapshots, virtual machines can be deleted from the Hyper-v and also from the virtual disks and it can be used directly without the need to shut down the virtual machine.∙The Core server installation easily switches to GUI installation without the need of reinstallation.∙The file server and storage service improvement is that it eliminates identical copies in the same volumes as such and saves space.∙The Storage pools and storage spaces allows you to group the hard disks to one or more storage pools then it allows to create virtual disks. It can add other disks to the storage pools and make available to the users without impacting them.∙The iSCSI Target Server can offer block storage to other servers and applications on the network using the iSCSI standard.∙Active Directory cloning can deploy additional domain controllers by cloning an existing virtual domain controller.Windows Server 2012 – OverviewThe Windows Server 2012 has four editions: Foundation, Essentials, Standard and Datacenter. Each one of them has their own limitation accept the Datacenter version which is also the most expensive one.The following table will show what is the right one for your business needs:For finding out the cost of licensing you can click on the following link:https:///en-us/server-cloud/products/windows-server-2012-r2/purchasing.aspxWindows Server 2012 – InstallationWindows Server 2012In this chapter, we will discuss regarding the requirements and prerequisites of the Windows Server 2012.System RequirementsAlthough most of the servers nowadays probably have the necessary requirements for Windows Server 2012. It will certainly be useful to know them in case you want to upgrade from an older system.The main requirements are:∙CPU socket minimum 1.4 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster for single core and Microsoft recommends is 3.1 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster multi-core.∙RAM memory minimum is 2GB, but Microsoft recommends 8GB.∙160 GB hard disk with a 60 GB system partition space in your hard disk.One important thing to note here is that the installation process itself will verify your computer hardware and let you know if it qualifies for a Windows Server 2012 installation. If not, then you will need to upgrade your hardware.InstallationThe following steps are to be adhered for the installation of Windows Server 2012.Step 1: We can download the evaluation ISO of Windows Server 2012 R2 from the following link:https:///en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-server-2012-r2But you will need to sign in first with a Microsoft account like Hotmail for example in order to complete the download and the good thing is that the evaluation period will last for 180 days, so you will have enough time to know if it will be the right product for you or not.At the end, if you decide to buy the license of your Windows server 2012 R2. You can purchase it online via a Microsoft online store found in –/store/msusa/en_US/list/Windows-Server/categoryID.70676900?icid=BusinessR_Software_80_Windows_Server_112315 For the Enterprise solution, I would recommend to purchase it via a Microsoft partner that is found in your country.Step 2: After downloading the ISO of Microsoft, create a boot USB driver which can be created with the Microsoft tool called Windows USB/DVD Download Tool and can be downloaded from the following link:https:///en-us/download/windows-usb-dvd-download-toolAfter downloading the EXE file, open it and select the ISO file location and then click next like in the following screenshot, and wait up to the end when the Boot USB is created.Step 3: After completing the above given steps, plug-in the USB to the server and wait for a while till it loads the files. This will continue for about a couple of minutes as shown in the following screenshot.Step 4: After the files are loaded, you will see the screen of language settings of installation, keyboard, time and currency format. Generally, all the default ones are also good enough to start with. Click Next.Step 5: Click “Install now”.Step 6: Once you have clicked on Install Now, the setup will start and it will load all the files and the screen will look as shown in the following screenshot.Step 7: Wait until the files are loaded and then you will see the following screen. Let’s select Windows Server 2012 DataCenter Evaluation (Server with GUI) and click Next.Step 8:Click “I accept the license terms” and the n click on the Next button as shown in the following screenshot.Step 9:The following screen will appear. In “Driver Options” you can create a new partition, delete or format the Hard disk. After you have done this process then you can select the partition where the Windows server 2012 R2 will be installed in our case we have one partition. Once all this is done, then click on Next.Step 10:Let’s wait until this process finishes during this ti me and then the server will reboot.Step 11: Once the reboot is done the following screen will appear. Set the password for the server and then click on “Finish”.Step 12: It will take some minutes until the setup finishes completely.Step 13: Once all this is done, you have completed the installation process and the following screen will appear.CongratulationsWindows Server 2012Like the previous version, Windows Server 2012 has the following roles which can be used and in the subsequent chapter, we will see how to install and configure the most important ones.The following picture shows all the roles. A small reminder! – Roles and Features are the tools that you need to install or activate in order to complete your IT Administration duties, without their installation you cannot do anything.To add a role in the server we should adhere to the following steps:Windows Server 2012 – Server RolesStep 1: Click with the mouse on Server Manager which is found in the task bar as shown in the following screenshot.Step 2: After opening the “Server Manager”, click on the second option “Add roles and features”.Step 3: The following screen will appear, then you can Click on the Next button.Step 4:Select the Role-based or feature-based installation and then click on the Next button.In the next screen that appears, you will have the following two options:Option 1: Select a server from the server pool. This option is –if you want to install the services in the physical server like being done in the following screenshot.Option 2: Select a virtual Hard disk if you want to install the services in a virtual disk that can be somewhere in the network storage. Take a look at the following screenshot for better understanding.Step 5:The last step will be to check the service that you want to install, but in the upcoming chapters we will continue this setup for each and every important services.Windows Server 2012Windows PowerShell is a command-line shell and scripting language designed especially for system administration. It ’s analogue in Linux is called as Bash Scripting. Built on the .NET Framework, Windows PowerShell helps IT professionals to control and automate the administration of the Windows operating system and applications that run on Windows Server environment.Windows PowerShell commands, called cmdlets , let you manage the computers from the command line. Windows PowerShell providers let you access data stores, such as the Registry and Certificate Store, as easily as you access the file system.In addition, Windows PowerShell has a rich expression parser and a fully developed scripting language. So in simple words you can complete all the tasks that you do with GUI and much more.PowerShell Icon can be found in the task bar and in the start menu. Just by clicking on the icon, it will open.To open it, just click on the icon and then the following screen will open and it means that PowerShell is ready for you to work on.Windows Server 2012 − PowerShellThe latest version of PowerShell is 5.0 and to check what is installed in our server we type the following command –:$PSVersionTable as shown in the following screenshot and from the screen we also know that we have PSVersion 4.0To update with the latest version where it has more Cmdlets we have to download Windows Management Framework 5.0 from the following link –https:///en-us/download/details.aspx?id=50395 and install it.PowerShell ISEThe Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) is a host application for Windows PowerShell. In Windows PowerShell ISE, you can run commands and write, test, and debug scripts in a single Windows-based graphic user interface with multiline editing, tab completion, syntax coloring, selective execution, context-sensitive help, and support for right-to-left languages.You can use menu items and keyboard shortcuts to perform many of the same tasks that you would perform in the Windows PowerShell console. For example, when you debug a script in the Windows PowerShell ISE, to set a line breakpoint in a script, right-click the line of code, and then click Toggle Breakpoint.To open it you just go to Start –Search and then Type –PowerShell as shown in the following screenshot.Then click on Windows PowerShell ISE. Or click on the downward Arrow as shown in the following screenshot.It will list all the applications installed on the server and then click on Windows PowerShell ISE.The following table will be open –It has three sections, which include –The PowerShell Console with number 1, then Scripting File number 2 and the third is the Command Module where you can find the module.End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。

Visual C++ 2012入门经典(第6版)《Visual C++ 2012入门经典(第6版)》基本信息原书名：Ivor Horton's Beginning Visual C++ 2012作者： (美)霍尔顿(Horton, I.)出版社：清华大学出版社ISBN：9787302319009上架时间：2013-5-6出版日期：2013 年5月开本：16开页码：1版次：1-1所属分类：计算机内容简介计算机书籍ivor horton的书能够占据市场的一个原因是：他用其独特、易于理解的教程风格来介绍各个主题，无论是编程新手，还是经验丰富的编程人员，都很容易理解。

现在在这本修订的指南中，他全面介绍了标准c++语言和visual c++2012。

循序渐进的编程练习、实用的示例和清晰的解决方案，带领读者学习c++开发的来龙去脉。

学习完《visual c++ 2012入门经典(第6版)》，您就会牢固掌握使用visual c++ 2012创建实际应用程序的技术。

《visual c++ 2012入门经典(第6版)》特色介绍c++语言的当前版本(c++11)，以及在microsoft visualstudio 2012中实现全面介绍如何使用完整的visual c++编程语言解释c++标准模板库，以及如何应用它简化编程任务展示在c++中使用microsoft foundation classes开发windows桌面应用程序的基本元素开发能在windows 8下运行的windows 7桌面应用程序通过一个有效的游戏示例演示如何用visual c++开发windows 8应用程序目录《visual c++ 2012入门经典(第6版)》第1章使用visual c++编程 11.1 使用visual c++学习 11.2 编写c++应用程序21.3 学习桌面应用程序的编程 21.3.1 学习c++ 31.3.2 控制台应用程序 31.3.3 windows编程概念 31.4 集成开发环境简介 51.4.1 编辑器 51.4.2 编译器 51.4.3 链接器 51.4.4 库 61.5 使用ide 61.5.1 工具栏选项71.5.2 可停靠的工具栏81.5.3 文档81.5.4 项目和解决方案81.5.5 设置visual c++的选项161.5.6 创建和执行windows应用程序171.6 小结191.7 本章主要内容19第2章数据、变量和计算 212.1 c++程序结构 212.1.1 main()函数282.1.2 程序语句282.1.3 空白302.1.4 语句块302.1.5 自动生成的控制台程序31 2.2 定义变量322.2.1 命名变量322.2.2 声明变量332.2.3 变量的初始值342.3 基本数据类型342.3.1 整型变量352.3.2 字符数据类型362.3.3 整型修饰符372.3.4 布尔类型382.3.5 浮点类型382.3.6 c++中的基本类型392.3.7 字面值392.3.8 定义数据类型的同义词40 2.4 基本的输入/输出操作 412.4.1 从键盘输入412.4.2 到命令行的输出412.4.3 格式化输出422.4.4 转义序列432.5 c++中的计算 452.5.1 赋值语句452.5.2 算术运算452.5.3 计算余数502.5.4 修改变量502.5.5 增量和减量运算符512.5.6 计算的顺序532.6 类型转换和类型强制转换54 2.6.1 赋值语句中的类型转换55 2.6.2 显式类型转换562.6.3 老式的类型强制转换57 2.7 auto关键字572.8 类型的确定582.9 按位运算符582.9.1 按位and运算符582.9.2 按位or运算符 602.9.3 按位eor运算符612.9.4 按位not运算符612.9.5 移位运算符612.10 lvalue和rvalue 632.11 了解存储时间和作用域64 2.11.1 自动变量 642.11.2 决定变量声明的位置66 2.11.3 全局变量 672.11.4 静态变量 702.12 具有特定值集的变量 702.12.1 旧枚举702.12.2 类型安全的枚举722.13 名称空间742.13.1 声明名称空间 752.13.2 多个名称空间 762.14 小结772.15 练习772.16 本章主要内容78第3章判断和循环793.1 比较数据值793.1.1 if语句803.1.2 嵌套的if语句 813.1.3 嵌套的if-else语句853.1.4 逻辑运算符和表达式873.1.5 条件运算符893.1.6 switch语句913.1.7 无条件转移943.2 重复执行语句块953.2.1 循环的概念953.2.2 for循环的变体973.2.3 while循环1043.2.4 do-while循环1063.2.5 基于范围的循环1073.2.6 嵌套的循环1073.3 小结1103.4 练习1103.5 本章主要内容111第4章数组、字符串和指针1134.1 处理多个相同类型的数据值113 4.1.1 数组1134.1.2 声明数组1144.1.3 初始化数组1174.1.4 使用基于范围的for循环118 4.1.5 字符数组和字符串处理1194.1.6 多维数组1224.2 间接数据访问1254.2.1 指针的概念1254.2.2 声明指针1254.2.3 使用指针1264.2.4 初始化指针1274.2.5 sizeof操作符1324.2.6 常量指针和指向常量的指针134 4.2.7 指针和数组1364.3 动态内存分配1424.3.1 堆的别名——空闲存储器142 4.3.2 new和delete操作符1424.3.3 为数组动态分配内存1434.3.4 多维数组的动态分配1464.4 使用引用1464.4.1 引用的概念1474.4.2 声明并初始化lvalue引用147 4.4.3 在基于范围的for循环中使用引用1484.4.4 rvalue引用1484.5 字符串的库函数1494.5.1 确定以空字符结尾的字符串的长度1494.5.2 连接以空字符结尾的字符串150 4.5.3 复制以空字符结尾的字符串151 4.5.4 比较以空字符结尾的字符串152 4.5.5 搜索以空字符结尾的字符串152 4.6 小结1544.7 练习1554.8 本章主要内容155第5章程序结构(1) 1575.1 理解函数1575.1.1 需要函数的原因1585.1.2 函数的结构1585.1.3 替代的函数语法1615.1.4 使用函数1615.2 给函数传递实参1645.2.1 按值传递机制1655.2.2 给函数传递指针实参1665.2.3 给函数传递数组1675.2.4 给函数传递引用实参1715.2.5 使用const修饰符1735.2.6 rvalue引用形参1745.2.7 main()函数的实参1765.2.8 接受数量不定的函数实参177 5.3 从函数返回值1795.3.1 返回指针1795.3.2 返回引用1825.3.3 函数中的静态变量1845.4 递归函数调用1865.5 小结1895.6 练习1895.7 本章主要内容189第6章程序结构(2) 1916.1 函数指针1916.1.1 声明函数指针1916.1.2 函数指针作为实参1946.1.3 函数指针的数组1966.2 初始化函数形参1966.3 异常1986.3.1 抛出异常1996.3.2 捕获异常2006.3.3 重新抛出异常2016.3.4 mfc中的异常处理2026.4 处理内存分配错误2036.5 函数重载2046.5.1 函数重载的概念2046.5.2 引用类型和重载选择2076.5.3 何时重载函数2076.6 函数模板2086.7 使用decltype操作符 2106.8 使用函数的示例2126.8.1 实现计算器2126.8.2 从字符串中删除空格2156.8.3 计算表达式的值2166.8.4 获得项值2186.8.5 分析数2196.8.6 整合程序2216.8.7 扩展程序2236.8.8 提取子字符串2246.8.9 运行修改过的程序2266.9 小结2276.10 练习2276.11 本章主要内容228第7章自定义数据类型2297.1 c++中的结构 2297.1.1 结构的概念2307.1.2 定义结构2307.1.3 初始化结构2307.1.4 访问结构的成员2317.1.5 伴随结构的智能感知帮助234 7.1.6 rect结构2357.1.7 使用指针处理结构2367.2 数据类型、对象、类和实例237 7.2.1 类的起源2397.2.2 类的操作2397.2.3 术语2407.3 理解类2407.3.1 定义类2407.3.2 声明类的对象2417.3.3 访问类的数据成员2417.3.4 类的成员函数2437.3.5 成员函数定义的位置2457.3.6 内联函数2457.4 类构造函数2467.4.1 构造函数的概念2477.4.2 默认的构造函数2487.4.3 默认的形参值2507.4.4 在构造函数中使用初始化列表252 7.4.5 声明显式的构造函数2537.5 类的私有成员2547.5.1 访问私有类成员2567.5.2 类的友元函数2577.5.3 默认复制构造函数2597.6 this指针2607.7 类的const对象2637.7.1 类的const成员函数2637.7.2 类外部的成员函数定义2647.8 类对象的数组2657.9 类的静态成员2677.9.1 类的静态数据成员2677.9.2 类的静态函数成员2707.10 类对象的指针和引用 2707.10.1 类对象的指针 2707.10.2 类对象的引用 2737.11 小结2747.12 练习2747.13 本章主要内容275第8章深入理解类2778.1 类析构函数2778.1.1 析构函数的概念2778.1.2 默认的析构函数2788.1.3 析构函数与动态内存分配2808.2 实现复制构造函数2838.3 在变量之间共享内存2848.3.1 定义联合2858.3.2 匿名联合2868.3.3 类和结构中的联合2868.4 运算符重载2878.4.1 实现重载的运算符2878.4.2 实现对比较运算符的完全支持290 8.4.3 重载赋值运算符2948.4.4 重载加法运算符2998.4.5 重载递增和递减运算符3038.4.6 重载函数调用操作符3048.5 对象复制问题3058.5.1 避免不必要的复制操作3058.5.2 应用rvalue引用形参3088.5.3 命名的对象是lvalue 3108.6 默认的类成员3148.7 类模板3158.7.1 定义类模板3168.7.2 根据类模板创建对象3188.7.3 使用有多个形参的类模板3218.7.4 函数对象模板3238.8 完美转发3248.9 使用类3278.9.1 类接口的概念3278.9.2 定义问题3278.9.3 实现cbox类3288.10 组织程序代码3438.11 字符串的库类3458.11.1 创建字符串对象3458.11.2 连接字符串3468.11.3 访问与修改字符串 3508.11.4 比较字符串3538.11.5 搜索字符串3568.12 小结3648.13 练习3648.14 本章主要内容365第9章类继承和虚函数3679.1 面向对象编程的基本思想3679.2 类的继承3689.2.1 基类的概念3699.2.2 基类的派生类3699.3 继承机制下的访问控制3729.3.1 派生类中构造函数的操作375 9.3.2 声明类的保护成员3789.3.3 继承类成员的访问级别3809.4 派生类中的复制构造函数3829.5 禁止派生类3849.6 友元类成员3859.6.1 友元类3879.6.2 对类友元关系的限制3879.7 虚函数3879.7.1 虚函数的概念3899.7.2 确保虚函数的正确执行3919.7.3 禁止重写函数3919.7.4 使用指向类对象的指针3929.7.5 使用引用处理虚函数3939.7.6 纯虚函数3959.7.7 抽象类3959.7.8 间接基类3989.7.9 虚析构函数4009.8 类类型之间的强制转换4039.9 嵌套类4039.10 小结4079.11 练习4079.12 本章主要内容409第10章标准模板库41110.1 标准模板库的定义41110.1.1 容器 41210.1.2 容器适配器41410.1.3 迭代器41410.2 智能指针41510.3 算法41810.4 stl中的函数对象41810.5 stl容器范围41910.6 序列容器41910.6.1 创建矢量容器 42010.6.2 矢量容器的容量和大小 423 10.6.3 访问矢量中的元素 42810.6.4 在矢量中插入和删除元素428 10.6.5 在矢量中存储类对象431 10.6.6 排序矢量元素 43610.6.7 排序矢量中的指针 43710.6.8 双端队列容器 44210.6.9 使用列表容器 44510.6.10 使用forward_list容器454 10.6.11 使用其他序列容器456 10.6.12 tuple[ ]类模板46610.7 关联容器46910.7.1 使用映射容器 46910.7.2 使用多重映射容器 48010.8 关于迭代器的更多内容481 10.8.1 使用输入流迭代器 48110.8.2 使用插入迭代器48410.8.3 使用输出流迭代器 48510.9 关于函数对象的更多内容 487 10.10 关于算法的更多内容488 10.10.1 fill() 48910.10.2 replace() 48910.10.3 find() 48910.10.4 transform() 49010.11 类型特质和静态断言491 10.12 λ表达式49210.12.1 capture子句49310.12.2 捕获特定的变量49410.12.3 模板和λ表达式49410.12.4 包装λ表达式49810.13 小结50010.14 练习50010.15 本章主要内容501第11章 windows编程的概念503 11.1 windows编程基础50311.1.1 窗口的元素50411.1.2 windows程序与操作系统50511.1.3 事件驱动型程序50511.1.4 windows消息50611.1.5 windows api 50611.1.6 windows数据类型50611.1.7 windows程序中的符号50711.2 windows程序的结构50811.2.1 winmain()函数50911.2.2 消息处理函数 51911.3 mfc 52411.3.1 mfc表示法52411.3.2 mfc程序的组织方式52511.4 小结52811.5 本章主要内容528第12章使用mfc编写windows程序531 12.1 mfc的文档/视图概念53112.1.1 文档的概念53112.1.2 文档界面 53212.1.3 视图的概念53212.1.4 链接文档和视图53312.1.5 应用程序和mfc 53412.2 创建mfc应用程序53512.2.1 创建sdi应用程序 53612.2.2 mfc application wizard的输出539 12.2.3 创建mdi应用程序 54812.3 小结54912.4 练习55012.5 本章主要内容0 550第13章处理菜单和工具栏55113.1 与windows进行通信 55113.1.1 了解消息映射 55213.1.2 消息类别 55413.1.3 处理程序中的消息 55413.2 扩展sketcher程序55513.3 菜单的元素 55613.4 为菜单消息添加处理程序 559 13.4.1 选择处理菜单消息的类 560 13.4.2 创建菜单消息函数 56013.4.3 编写菜单消息函数的代码562 13.4.4 添加更新菜单消息的处理程序56513.5 添加工具栏按钮 56813.5.1 编辑工具栏按钮的属性 569 13.5.2 练习使用工具栏按钮570 13.5.3 添加工具提示 57113.6 小结57113.7 练习57113.8 本章主要内容571第14章在窗口中绘图57314.1 窗口绘图的基础知识 57314.1.1 窗口工作区57314.1.2 windows图形设备界面574 14.2 mfc的绘图机制57614.2.1 应用程序中的视图类576 14.2.2 cdc类57714.3 实际绘制图形58514.4 对鼠标进行编程 58714.4.1 鼠标发出的消息58714.4.2 鼠标消息处理程序 58814.4.3 使用鼠标绘图 59014.5 绘制草图61114.5.1 运行示例 61214.5.2 捕获鼠标消息 61214.6 小结61314.7 练习题 61314.8 本章主要内容614第15章改进视图61515.1 sketcher应用程序的缺陷615 15.2 改进视图61615.2.1 更新多个视图 61615.2.2 滚动视图 61715.2.3 使用mm_loenglish映射模式62215.3 删除和移动元素 62215.4 实现上下文菜单 62315.4.1 关联菜单和类 62415.4.2 选中上下文菜单项 625 15.5 标识位于光标下的元素626 15.5.1 练习弹出菜单 62715.5.2 突出显示元素 62715.5.3 实现移动和删除功能631 15.6 处理屏蔽的元素 63715.7 小结63915.8 练习63915.9 本章主要内容639第16章使用对话框和控件641 16.1 理解对话框 64116.2 理解控件64216.3 创建对话框资源 64216.3.1 给对话框添加控件 643 16.3.2 测试对话框64416.4 对话框的编程64416.4.1 添加对话框类 64416.4.2 模态和非模态对话框645 16.4.3 显示对话框64616.5 支持对话框控件 64816.5.1 初始化对话框控件 648 16.5.2 处理单选按钮消息 649 16.6 完成对话框的操作650 16.6.1 给文档添加线宽651 16.6.2 给元素添加线宽651 16.6.3 在视图中创建元素 653 16.6.4 练习使用对话框654 16.7 使用微调按钮控件655 16.7.1 添加scale菜单项和工具栏按钮65516.7.2 创建微调按钮 65516.7.3 生成比例对话框类 656 16.7.4 显示微调按钮 65916.8 使用缩放比例66016.8.1 可缩放的映射模式 660 16.8.2 设置文档的大小661 16.8.3 设置映射模式 66216.8.4 同时实现滚动与缩放663 16.9 使用状态栏 66516.9.1 给框架窗口添加状态栏 665 16.9.2 cstring类66916.10 使用编辑框控件669 16.10.1 创建编辑框资源670 16.10.2 创建对话框类671 16.10.3 添加text菜单项 67216.10.4 定义文本元素67216.10.5 实现ctext类67316.11 小结67716.12 练习67816.13 本章主要内容678第17章存储和打印文档67917.1 了解序列化 67917.2 序列化文档 68017.2.1 文档类定义中的序列化 680 17.2.2 文档类实现中的序列化 681 17.2.3 基于cobject的类的功能683 17.2.4 序列化的工作方式 68417.2.5 如何实现类的序列化685 17.3 应用序列化 68517.3.1 记录文档修改 68617.3.2 序列化文档68717.3.3 序列化元素类 68917.4 练习序列化 69317.5 打印文档69417.6 实现多页打印69717.6.1 获取文档的总尺寸 69817.6.2 存储打印数据 69817.6.3 准备打印 69917.6.4 打印后的清除 70017.6.5 准备设备上下文70117.6.6 打印文档 70117.6.7 获得文档的打印输出705 17.7 小结70517.8 练习70517.9 本章主要内容706第18章编写windows 8应用程序707 18.1 理解windows 8应用程序 707 18.2 开发windows 8应用程序708 18.3 windows runtime的概念709 18.3.1 winrt名称空间70918.3.2 winrt对象70918.4 c++ component extensions(c++/cx) 71018.4.1 c++/cx名称空间71018.4.2 定义winrt类类型 71118.4.3 ref类类型的变量71318.4.4 访问ref类对象的成员 713 18.4.5 事件处理函数 71418.4.6 转换ref类引用的类型714 18.5 xaml 71418.5.1 xaml元素71518.5.2 xaml中的ui元素71618.5.3 附加属性 71918.5.4 父元素和子元素71918.5.5 控件元素 71918.5.6 布局元素72018.5.7 处理ui元素的事件720 18.6 创建windows 8应用程序 721 18.6.1 应用程序文件 72118.6.2 定义用户界面 72218.6.3 创建标题 72418.6.4 添加游戏控件 72618.6.5 创建包含纸牌的网格727 18.6.6 实现游戏的操作73218.6.7 初始化mainpage对象73518.6.8 初始化一副纸牌73618.6.9 建立cardgrid的子元素73618.6.10 初始化游戏73818.6.11 洗牌74018.6.12 突出显示ui纸牌 74118.6.13 处理翻牌事件74118.6.14 处理图形事件74318.6.15 确认赢家74518.6.16 处理游戏控件的按钮事件74618.7 缩放ui元素74718.8 平移74918.8.1 应用程序的启动动画74918.8.2 故事板动画75018.9 小结75218.10 本章主要内容752本图书信息来源：中国互动出版网。

Key Concepts for System Center 2012 – Operations ManagerMicrosoft CorporationPublished: November 1, 2013AuthorsSteve Moore and Byron RicksApplies ToSystem Center 2012 – Operations ManagerSystem Center 2012 Service Pack 1 (SP1) – Operations ManagerSystem Center 2012 R2 Operations ManagerFeedbackSend suggestions and comments about this document to ************************.CopyrightThis document is provided "as-is". Information and views expressed in this document, including URL and other Internet website references, may change without notice.Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended or should be inferred.This document does not provide you with any legal rights to any intellectual property in any Microsoft product. You may copy and use this document for your internal, reference purposes. You may modify this document for your internal, reference purposes.© 2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.Microsoft, Active Directory, Bing, Internet Explorer, JScript, SharePoint, Silverlight, SQL Server, Visio, Visual Basic, Visual Studio, Win32, Windows, Windows Intune, Windows PowerShell, and Windows Vista are trademarks of the Microsoft group of companies. Portions of this documentation related to network monitoring are provided by EMC, and for those portions the following copyright notice applies 2010 © EMC Corporation. All rights reserved. All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.Revision HistoryContentsOperations Manager Key Concepts (4)Operations Manager Key ConceptsOperations Manager, a component of Microsoft System Center 2012, is software that helps you monitor services, devices, and operations for many computers from a single console. This topic explains basic concepts about Operations Manager for the administrator who manages the Operations Manager infrastructure and the operator who monitors and supports the computers in your business.What Operations Manager DoesBusinesses, small and large, are typically dependent on the services and applications provided by their computing environment. IT departments are responsible for ensuring the performance and availability of those critical services and applications. That means that IT departments need to know when there is a problem, identify where the problem is, and figure out what is causing the problem, ideally before the users of the applications encounter the problems. The more computers and devices in the business, the more challenging this task becomes.Using Operations Manager in the environment makes it easier to monitor multiple computers, devices, services, and applications. The Operations console, shown in the following image, enables you to check the health, performance, and availability for all monitored objects in the environment and helps you identify and resolve problems.To learn how to use the Operations Manager consoles, see Using the OperationsManager Consoles in the Operations Guide.Operations Manager will tell you which monitored objects are not healthy, send alerts when problems are identified, and provide information to help you identify the cause of a problem and possible solutions. As the administrator, you configure what will be monitored by selecting computers and devices to be monitored and importing management packs that providemonitoring for specific features and applications. To decide which objects to monitor and what to monitor for, you need to understand the features that comprise the Operations Manager infrastructure and how Operations Manager works.The Operations Manager InfrastructureInstalling Operations Manager creates a management group . The management group is the basic unit of functionality. At a minimum, a management group consists of a management server , the operational database , and the reporting data warehouse database. Note∙ The management server is the focal point for administering the management group and communicating with the database. When you open the Operations console and connect to a management group, you connect to a management server for that management group.Depending on the size of your computing environment, a management group can contain a single management server or multiple management servers.∙ The operational database is a SQL Server database that contains all configuration data for the management group and stores all monitoring data that is collected and processed for the management group. The operational database retains short-term data, by default 7 days.∙ The data warehouse database is a SQL Server database that stores monitoring and alerting data for historical purposes. Data that is written to the Operations Manager database is also written to the data warehouse database, so reports always contain current data. The data warehouse database retains long-term data.When Operations Manager reporting functionality is installed, the management group also contains a Reporting server which builds and presents reports from data in the data warehouse database.These core components of a management group can exist on a single server, or they can be distributed across multiple servers, as shown in the following image.For information about installing management group features, see Operations Manager 2012 Deployment Guide.Management ServersThe role of the management server is to administer the management group configuration, administer and communicate with agents, and communicate with the databases in the management group.The management group can contain multiple management servers to provide additional capacity and continuous availability. When two or more management servers are added to a management group, the management servers become part of a resource pool and work is spread across the members of the pool. When a member of the resource pool fails, other members in the resource pool will pick up that member’s workload. When a new management server is added, the new management server automatically picks up some of the work from existing members in theresource pool. All members in the resource pool will manage a distinct set of remote objects; at any given time, two members in the same pool will not manage the same object at the same time.A specialized type of management server is the gateway server. A gateway server enables the monitoring of computers in untrusted domains. For more information, see Monitoring Across Untrusted Boundaries.AgentsAn Operations Manager agent is a service that is installed on a computer. The agent collects data, compares sampled data to predefined values, creates alerts, and runs responses. A management server receives and distributes configurations to agents on monitored computers. Every agent reports to a management server in the management group. This management server is referred to as the agent's primary management server.Agents watch data sources on the monitored computer and collect information according to the configuration that is sent to it from its management server. The agent also calculates the health state of the monitored computer and objects on the monitored computer and reports back to the management server. When the health state of a monitored object changes or other criteria are met, an alert can be generated from the agent. This lets operators know that something requires attention. By providing health data about the monitored object to the management server, the agent provides an up-to-date picture of the health of the device and all the applications that it hosts.An agent can be configured to act as a proxy agent. A proxy agent is an agent that can forward data to a management server on behalf of a computer or network device other than its host computer. For example, an agent that is installed on the physical node of an SQL cluster can be enabled to act as proxy to monitor the cluster resource. Proxy agents enable monitoring of computers and devices on which an agent cannot be installed. For more information, see Agentless Monitoring.ServicesOn a monitored computer, the Operations Manager agent is listed as the System Center Management Health service. The System Center Management Health service collects performance data, executes tasks, and so on. Even when the service is unable to communicate with the management server it reports to, the service continues to run and queues the collected data and events on the disk of the monitored computer. When the connection is restored, the System Center Management Health service sends collected data and events to the management server.NoteThe System Center Management Health service is sometimes referred to as the healthservice.The System Center Management Health service also runs on management servers. On a management server, the System Center Management Health service runs monitoring workflowsand manages credentials. To run workflows, the System Center Management Health service initiates MonitoringHost.exe processes using specified credentials. These processes monitor and collect event log data, performance counter data, Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) data, and run actions such as scripts.Management servers also run the System Center Data Access service and the System Center Management Configuration service.The System Center Data Access service provides access for the Operations console to the operational database and writes data to the database.The System Center Management Configuration service manages the relationships and topology of the management group. It also distributes management packs to monitored objects.Management PacksThe workflows that the System Center Management service runs are defined by management packs. Management packs define the information that the agent collects and returns to the management server for a specific application or technology. For example, the BizTalk Server Management Pack contains rules and monitors that collect and evaluate events and operations that are important to ensuring the health and efficiency of the BizTalk Server application.After Operations Manager installs an agent on a computer, it sends an initial configuration to the agent. The initial configuration includes object discoveries from management packs. The management pack defines the types of objects, such as applications and features, that will be monitored on computers that have been discovered by Operations Manager. Agents send data to the management server that identifies the instances of objects discovered on the computer. The management server then sends the agents the elements of management packs that apply to the discovered objects for each computer, such as rules and monitors.A rule defines the events and performance data to collect from computers and what to do with the information after it is collected. A simple way to think about rules is as an If/Then statement. For example, a management pack for an application might contain rules such as the following:∙ If a message indicating that the application is shutting down appears in the event log, create an alert.∙ If upload of a source file fails, collect the event that indicates this failure.As these examples show, rules can create alerts and collect events or performance data, which the agent sends to the management server. Rules can also run scripts, such as allowing a rule to attempt to restart a failed application.Discovered objects have a health state, which is reflected in the Operations console as green (successful or healthy), yellow (warning), or red (critical or unhealthy). Monitors define the health states for particular aspects of the monitored object. For example, a monitor for disk drive capacity might define green as less than 85 percent full, yellow as over 85 percent full, and red as over 90 percent full. A monitor can be configured to generate an alert when a state change occurs.How Objects Are Discovered and MonitoredThe following image is a simplified illustration of how objects are discovered and monitored.1. The administrator configures Operations Manager to search for computers to manage. Formore information about discovering computers, see Managing Discovery and Agents.2. Computers that meet the specified criteria and are not already managed are identified.3. An Operations Manager agent is installed on the discovered computer.4. The agent requests configuration data, and then the management server sends the agentconfiguration data from installed management packs that includes classes to be discovered.For example, if the Windows Server operating system management packs are installed, the management server will send the agent the operating system classes.5. The agent compares the configuration data to the computer, identifies any objects that itdiscovers, and returns the information to the management server. For example, the agent will return to the management server that an instance of Windows Server 2008 R2 operating system is on the computer.6. The management server sends the agent all monitoring logic from installed managementpacks that applies to the discovered objects. For example, the agent will receive allmonitoring logic that applies to Windows Server 2008 R2.7. The agent applies the monitoring logic, such as rules and monitors, runs workflows, andreturns data to the management server.8. As changes occur to discovered objects, such as applications being added or uninstalled, theagent sends the updated information to the management server, which then sends updated monitoring logic.NoteOperations Manager can also discover and monitor network devices, computers running UNIX and Linux operating systems, and provide agentless monitoring. For moreinformation, see Operations Manager Monitoring Scenarios in the Operations Guide.Communication Between Agents and Management ServersThe Operations Manager agent sends alert and discovery data to the primary management server, which writes the data to the operational database. The agent also sends events, performance, and state data to the primary management server for that agent, which writes the data to the operational and data warehouse databases simultaneously.The agent sends data according to the schedule parameters for each rule and monitor. For optimized collection rules, data is only transmitted if a sample of a counter differs from the previous sample by a specified tolerance, such as 10%. This helps reduce network traffic and the volume of data stored in the operational database.Additionally, all agents send a packet of data, called a heartbeat, to the management server on a regular schedule, by default every 60 seconds. The purpose of the heartbeat is to validate the availability of the agent and communication between the agent and the management server. For more information on heartbeats, see How Heartbeats Work in Operations Manager.For each agent, Operations Manager runs a health service watcher, which monitors the state of the remote Health Service from the perspective of the management server.Other resources for Operations Manager∙ TechNet Library main page for Operations Manager∙ To learn how to install Operations Manager and deploy a management group, see Deployment Guide for Operations Manager for System Center 2012∙ To learn how to use Operations Manager after the management group is set up, see Operations Guide for Operations Manager for System Center 2012∙ To learn how to create a management pack, see Author’s Guide for Operations Manager for System Center 2012∙ Operations Manager Documentation Downloads∙ Operations Manager Community。

第1章 Windows Server 2012简介本章概述：Windows Server 2012是一个全新的服务器操作系统，相比之前的服务器版本，无论是在操作界面方面还是在功能方面都有很大的变化，Windows Server 2012引领服务器领域发生了翻天覆地的变化。

从底层的新品架构推动服务器基础设施的升级换代，到构建云基础架构平台上分布式处理系统应对大数据的挑战，再到系统应用层面服务器操作系统的更新升级，无一不与Windows Server 2012有着千丝万缕的联系。

在本章中，就来全面了解Windows Server 2012。

教学目标：●了解Windows Server 2012●了解Hyper-V 2012●了解PowerShell●初步掌握powershell的一些简单命令教学重难点：●了解hyper-v架构的相关知识●Powershell3.0命令的运用教学时数：课堂教学1.5 +实验操作1.5教学内容：1.1全新的Windows Server 2012Windows server 2012具有如下特点：●Metro界面●云平台：公有云、私有云●高级存储●网络●虚拟化：hyper-v●字典化1.1.1Windows Server 2012 版本Foundation基础版：仅供15个用户使用Essentials：仅供25个用户使用Standard标准版：（支持两个虚拟机）Datacenter数据中心版各版本之间功能区别：1.1.2Microsoft Hyper-V Server 2012Microsoft Hyper-V Server是独立的虚拟化操作系统，即使没有Windows Server，Microsoft Hyper-V Server也可以安装，所以它没有Windows Server 的图形界面。

Hyper-V服务器是一个专门的、独立的产品，只包含Windows的管理程序、Windows Server驱动程序和完整的Hyper-V功能核心组件，通过命令行（CLI）来进行管理1.1.3Windows Server 2012的授权indows Server 2012的授权则是按照物理CPU的个数来进行的，微软对标准版和数据中心版采用按处理器授权加Client Access License（CAL）收费的模式。

CMOS设置直接关系到电脑的性能，甚至影响到您的设备能否正常使用。

或许您已经会使用一些简单CMOS设置，比如设置启动驱动器，改变倍频等等，但这些是远远不够的，想要让你的电脑发挥出最优性能，首先我们就要彻底的了解CMOS设置的基础知识。

那么下面这篇CMOS设置图解教程就可以让您轻松的掌握这些知识。

一.进入CMOS Setup设置在打开计算机电源后的几秒钟的时间内，电脑首先进行POST(Power On Self Test，开机自检)，在这个时候按下“Del”键后，就可以看到下图所示的CMOS Setup主菜单。

在主菜单中你可以选择不同的设置选项，按上下左右方向键来选择，按“Enter”键进入子菜单。

1.功能键说明(向上键) 移到上一个选项(向下键) 移到下一个选项(向左键) 移到左边的选项(向右键) 移到右边的选项Enter键选择当前项目Esc键回到主画面，或从主画面中结束Setup程序Page Up或+键改变设置状态，或增加栏位中的数值内容Page Down或-键改变设置状态，或减少栏位中的数值内容F1功能键显示目前设置项目的相关说明F5功能键装载上一次设置的值F6功能键装载最安全的值F7功能键装载最优化的值F10功能键储存设置值并离开CMOS Setup程序2.子菜单说明请注意设置菜单中各项内容.如果菜单项左边有一个三角形的指示符号，表示若选择了该项子菜单，将会有一个子菜单弹出来.3.辅助说明当你在Setup主画面时，随着选项的移动，下面显示相应选项的主要设置内容。

当你在设置各个栏位的内容时，只要按下“F1”，便可得到该栏位的设置预设值及所有可以的设置值，如BIOS缺省值或CMOS Setup缺省值。

如果想离开辅助说明窗口，只须按“Esc”键即可。

二.Standard CMOS Features(标准CMOS功能设置)在Standard CMOS Features中，主要是为了设置IDE硬盘的种类，以顺利开机，除此之外，还要设置日期、时间、软驱规格及显示卡的种类。

开发者必看！WindowsServer2012全攻略品牌：微软操作系统1Windows Server 2012概论 与往常不同的是，今年在服务器领域发生了翻天覆地的变化。

从底层的新品架构推动服务器基础设施扑面而来的升级换代，到构建云基础架构平台上分布式处理系统应对大数据挑战，再到系统应用层面服务器操作系统的更新升级，恰似在上演一幕幕硬件推动软件、应用引导变换升级的重头戏。

即将重磅杀入服务器市场的Windows Server 2012，又会将你追我赶这种势头推向何种高度呢？ 根据微软此前透露的消息，Windows Server 2012将于9月4日公开发售。

Windows Server 2012此前的代号其实为Windows Server 8，它既是Windows 8的服务器版操作系统，也是Windows Server 2008 R2的继承者。

该系统同时也是首个不再支持安腾架构的Windows Server版本系统。

放飞云端 Windows Server 2012驾驭宝典 下面，我们首先来理顺下Windows Server 2012的发展概况。

该操作系统开发者预览版首先是在2011年9月发布（面向MSDN订阅用户）。

在2012年3月1日，微软正式推出公共测试版（build 8250）。

2012年4月17日，宣布确认该操作系统的名称为Windows Server 2012。

随后在5月31日，微软宣布Windows Server 2012 RC。

在本月初（8月1日）微软将该操作系统正式交付给各大制造企业，并将于9月4号开始面向用户推出，并随后在全球范围内通过各种渠道全面覆盖。

Windows Server 2012前世今生Windows Server 2012各版本定位及发行售价 微软即将发布Windows Server 2012，新版本操作系统将有四种版本，分别是：Foundation、Essentials、Standard和Datacenter。

目录第一章安装说明 (12)1.1系统要求 (12)1.1.1数据库服务器系统要求 (12)1。

1.2W EB服务器系统要求 (12)1.2系统安装部署 (12)1。

2.1CREC项目综合管理信息平台数据库系统安装 (12)1.2.2CREC项目综合管理信息平台安装 (16)1。

2。

3CREC项目综合管理信息平台卸载 (21)第二章操作说明 (22)2。

1.界面布局 (22)2.2．操作按钮说明 (23)2.3．查询区域说明 (23)2.4流程 (24)第三章系统管理 (25)3.1用户权限管理 (25)3.1.1组织机构管理 (25)3。

1。

2用户管理 (26)3.1。

3用户参与组织机构管理 (27)3.1.4角色管理 (28)3.1.5角色权限分配 (29)3。

1。

6用户隶属角色 (30)3。

1.7重置密码 (31)3.1。

8日志查询 (32)3.2我的工作 (32)3。

2.1修改密码 (32)3.2.2待办工作 (32)3。

2.3督办工作 (33)3。

3工作流管理 (34)3。

3.1定义工作流 (34)3。

3.2工作流导出 (41)3。

3。

3工作流复制 (42)第四章合同管理 (46)4。

1总包合同 (46)4。

2总包合同评审 (46)4.3总包合同变更 (47)4.4总包合同统计 (48)第五章项目基本信息管理 (49)5。

1项目基本信息 (49)5。

2项目基本信息查询 (49)5。

3项目作业队 (49)5.4作业队参与成本工作分解 (49)5。

5招投标信息 (49)第六章成本管理 (50)6.1成本工作分解 (50)6.2成本计划编制 (51)6.3大宗料备料计划 (54)6。

4其他材料备料计划 (55)6.5对内验工 (57)6.6对内验工统计 (59)6.7对外验工 (59)6.8对外验工统计 (59)6.9全部成本计划汇总 (59)6.10已审核成本计划汇总 (59)6.11未审核成本计划汇总 (59)6.12其他费用管理 (59)6.13设计工程量变更记录 (60)第七章物资管理 (61)7。