2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研题源,考研真题11重点

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。

2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。

北京：清华大学出版社，2001。

3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。

5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。

6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。

8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。

9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。

10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。

12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。

百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。

2016年外交学院翻译硕士考研真题今年的题总体比较简单英语翻译基础缩略语有30个，政治、经济、科技都有涉及，但是今年出的比较简单，感觉还是跟时政，热词联系较多,每个缩略语后还有提示，就像QM（学科名词）这样的QM BBA AIIB UNSC HSBC CCTV(不是中央电视台)EFTA（国际组织）影子银行三严三实hedge fund英译汉有6小段，每段4-6行吧，内容是一个《卫报》的编辑写给《卫报》成立100周年的文章,开头第一句话是A hundred years is a long time; It’s a long time even……..汉译英是时文翻译，内容跟外交关系有关:(育明教育押中原题）翻译硕士英语第一题是20个单选题，主要考词汇辨析，但是今年没有很长很偏的词，最后两个单选就是给出一句话，让选择选项中与所给句子中标黑的单词的同义词。

第二题是改错，有10个，考试形式跟专八改错一样，但是比专八稍简单第三题是阅读，共6篇，总体比较简单，但是问题形式多样，有一般的选择，还有判断对错（Yes or No or Not Given）,多选，填文章主旨句，总之就是题型很多最后一题是作文，400词左右，写一下技术是怎样改变人们的交流方式和人际关系的。

汉语写作与百科知识今年这门科目变化挺大，但总体不难，第一题是30个选择，设计中国文化、文学、近代史（我觉得可能是因为今年是抗日战争胜利70周年，近代史的题有好几个），英美文学（主要是美国文学，但是题很少），还有跟时政有关的题，还有与朝鲜有关的题，是这样考的：新千年之际，朝韩实现了世纪握手，当时的朝韩总统是谁。

第二题是10个填空题，每个题不止一个空，全部是时政题，考了今年的矛盾文学奖、屠呦呦、达沃斯论坛及其主题、9.3阅兵、《三体》、波茨坦公告和联合国宣言……第三题是名词解释，有5个，新亚欧大陆桥、亚投行、一带一路、唯美主义、话本第四题是根据所给材料改写成通知，材料很短，就几行，改写的是关于开年度营销会的通知第五题是根据材料改写成报告，这篇比较长，材料是关于一家银行开投标会的流程报告。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。

北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。

2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。

北京：清华大学出版社，2001。

3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。

5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。

6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。

8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。

9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。

10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。

12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。

百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。

词汇翻译（30分）英译汉：从10个terms 里面挑5个translate and define them briefly in Chinese (共15分，一个3分）1 added value tax增值税增值税是以商品（含应税劳务）在流转过程中产生的增值额作为计税依据而征收的一种流转税。

从计税原理上说，增值税是对商品生产、流通、劳务服务中多个环节的新增价值或商品的附加值征收的一种流转税。

实行价外税，也就是由消费者负担，有增值才征税没增值不征税。

2 annual financial report年度财务报告年度财务报告是指年度终了对外提供的财务报告。

通常将半年度，季度和月度财务报告统称为中期财务会计报告。

年度财务报告作为综合反映企业单位年末财务状况、全年经营成果和现金流量的报告，在沟通企业单位管理层与财务会计报告使用者之间起着十分重要的桥梁作用。

3 bull market牛市，旺市；多头市场。

牛市，旺市指交易旺盛的市场形势，和"淡市'相对。

多头市场又称买空市场，是指股价的基本趋势持续上升时形成的投机者不断买进证券，需求大于供给的市场现象。

4 11 2016284 law of diminishing marginal returns 边际收益递减规律又称边际效益递减规律，或边际产量递减规律，指在短期生产过程中，在其他条件不变（如技术水平不变）的前提下，增加某种生产要素的投入，当该生产要素投入数量增加到一定程度以后，增加一单位该要素所带来的效益增加量是递减的，边际收益递减规律是以技术水平和其他生产要素的投入数量保持不变为条件的条件下进行讨论的一种规律。

5 angel investment天使投资是权益资本投资的一种形式，是指富有的个人出资协助具有专门技术或独特概念的原创项目或小型初创企业，进行一次性的前期投资。

它是风险投资的一种形式，在根据天使投资人的投资数量以及对被投资企业可能提供的综合资源进行投资。

阅读题源速读测试：在中国“瘦身”的奥利奥数据表明，在庆祝100周年的声光魅影以后，奥利奥饼干的中国市场份额缩小了三分之一，从2012年的近9%下降至现在的6%。

这是一则中国新式消费的寓言：更挑剔、更多变——获利空间可能也更小。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：skyscrapers摩天大楼ubiquitous无所不在的Euromonitor欧睿(公司名)Mainlanders大陆人A parable of Oreos and ovens（716words）By Patti Waldmeir in Shanghai------------------------------------------------------Three scant years ago,Shanghai celebrated the100th birthday of one of history’s most famous junk foods—the Oreo biscuit —with fireworks on the Bund and multi-storey neon adverts projected on to skyscrapers.But now China has put Oreo on a diet.资料来源：育明考研考博官网This is a country where,within living memory,millions starved to death.People will,to this day,tell you how they ate roots or shoots or even dirt to stay alive.Little wonder the Chinese market was a pushover for the ubiquitousblack-and-white sandwich cookie.Foreign treats were seen as healthier than local snacks, because they were imported from places that did not have such a vigorous tradition of poisoning residents with tainted ingredients,as was the fad in China.When I moved here in 2008,it took a while to get used to the notion that McDonald’s was a healthy option,purely because it was less likely to be toxic.Here,when mainlanders tell you something is“healthy”, they often mean that it won’t be immediately fatal.But in the past few years,China has begun to discover that heavy metals are not the only things to avoid in snack foods. There is that small matter of fat and sugar,st week, Chinese media carried stories saying that Mondelez,the maker of Oreo,was shutting down some Shanghai production because people were going right off biscuits.The US company 资料来源：育明考研考博官网waffled a bit about“optimising our supply chain”and shifting production elsewhere,but the company had made clear in the past that Oreo was in trouble in China.Figures from Euromonitor show that,since the sound and light of its centenary celebration,the biscuit has lost one-third of its market share in China,from nearly9per cent of the market in 2012to6per cent now.So that is how Oreo ended up watching its waistline:Mondelez introduced a new“Oreo Thin”,just to woo Chinese consumers, and it did so well that they last month announced that Americans will be able to opt for the skinnier cousin too.All because of a revolution in eating habits that took decades in the west—and only a handful of years in China.That’s not Oreo’s only problem:many of the world’s most successful brands made it to China early and had a long run almost unrivalled,but are losing their first-mover advantage. (KFC has that problem too,compounded by a spot of bad publicity on the food quality front.)资料来源：育明考研考博官网Meanwhile,mainlanders have developed one of the most fickle palates on earth:Americans may want the same cookie Mum gave them with their milk after school;but Chinese want something new every day.Local companies are often nimbler than multinationals at introducing green tea or purple sweet potato alternatives to traditional flavours.And cookie companies are facing competition from an even more unlikely source:home bakers.When I moved here,ovens were rare in normal homes:I figured that was why mine didn’t work too well.But now many a Chinese bride insists on having one.Sales of the countertop ovens preferred on the mainland have more than quadrupled since I started wielding a flour sifter on Chinese shores,and a318-pieceeverything-you-could-ever-need baking set can be had on Alibaba’s Taobao for only137devalued renminbi.For,given that the vast majority of Chinese under30have never known an hour of hunger in their lives,let alone survived on roots and shoots,just filling the tummy is no longer the point.They cook for fun—and for health reasons,资料来源：育明考研考博官网says Qian Zhaoli,a27-year-old marketing manager inShanghai.She’s started baking her own rusks because her first child is teething.“I wanted her to have the healthiest ones,without any additives,”she says,adding that shop-boughtrusks have such a long shelf life,and“who knows how many artificial colours and preservatives they contain?”Plus,western-style baking is far easier than cooking any of China’s complicated cuisines,she says,noting that in Shanghai most cooking is done by men.This is not just a tale of Oreos and ovens.It is a parable for a new type of Chinese consumption:more finicky,more fickle—potentially less profitable.Anyone selling almost anythinghere should watch it closely.May the best rolling pin win.What is the author's attitude about Oreo?∙Healthy∙yucky∙bad for health∙good for teethWhat is the meaning of“healthy”by mainlanders about food?∙it won’t be immediately fatal资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙little fat and sugar∙it is non-toxic∙all of non-gm ingredientsWhere is production closed by Mondelez,the maker of Oreo?∙Guangzhou∙Beijing∙Chengdu∙ShanghaiWho is the competition from an even more unlikely source for cookie companies?∙Cake shop∙Supermarket∙Home oven∙Male chef在中国“瘦身”的奥利奥解析C第一段作者说奥利奥是junk foods之一，所以应该是对健康无益的食物。

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1.EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2.FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3.FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4.FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5.CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6.CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7.CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8.DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9.DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10.DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11.DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12.DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13.Offer:：要约14.Offeror;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15.Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16.Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17.Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18.Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19.Withdrawal:要约的撤回20.Revocability:：发价的撤销21.Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22.Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23.Mail box rule:投递生效原则24.Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则te acceptance:：迟到的承诺;逾期承诺26.Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27.Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28.Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29.Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30.Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31.Anticipatory breach先期违约32.Specific performance实际履行33.Breach of condition违反条件条款34.Breach of warranty违反担保条款35.Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36.Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37.To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38.Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39.Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40.Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41.Sales by specification,grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42.Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43.Sales by brand of trade mark44.More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45.Bulk cargo：散装货46.Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47.Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净$500Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49.Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50.Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51.Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52.Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53.Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54.Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55.Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56.Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57.After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58.Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59.Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60.Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61.Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62.Plant quarantine certification植物(病虫害)检疫证明63.Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64.Arbitration仲裁,公断65.Bill of lading提单66.Charter-party：租船合同67.Gencon航次租船合同68.Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69.Prima facie evidence：初步证据70.Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71.Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72.Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73.Clean B/L清洁提单74.Claused B/L,or Foul B/L不清洁提单75.Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76.Open B/L,Bearer B/L不记名提单；77.Oder b/L指示提单78.Direct B/L：直达提单79.Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80.Liner B/L：班轮提单81.Charter B/L：租船提单82.Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83.Assignor：转让人；出让人84.Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85.Endorsement in blank：空白背书；不记名背书86.Special endorsement：记名背书87.Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88.Seaworthiness船舶适航89.Cargoworthiness适货tent defect潜在缺陷91.From tackle to tackle钩到钩92.Deviation绕行93.Voyage Charter航次租船94.Time charter定期租船合同95.Charter by demise光船租船ytime装卸时间97.Demurrage滞期费98.Dispatch money速遣费99.Lien留置权100.Trading limits航区限制101.Chartered period特许期限102.Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103.Payment of hire租金104.Off hire停租105.Air consignment航空托运106.Air waybill航空货运单107.Successive carriers连续承运人108.Actrual carrier实际承运人109.International multimodal transport国际多式联运110.Container集装箱111.Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则work liability principle网状责任制113.Insurable interest保险利益114.Disclosure of material facts重要事实披露115.Material representation116.insurance policy保险单117.Accidents意外事故118.Total loss全损119.Partial loss部分损失120.General average共同海损121.Particular average单独海损122.Actual total loss实际全损123.Constructive total loss推定全损124.Sue and labour expenses施救费用125.Salvage charge救助费用126.Free from particular average(FPA)平安险127.With particular average(WPA)水渍险128.All risks一切险129.Subrogation代位130.Abandonment委付131.Export credits guarantee出口信贷担保132.Negotiable instruments可转让票据133.Predecessor前手134.Promissory note本票135.Draft汇票136.Drawer出票人137.Drawee付款人138.Payee收款人139.Issue出票140.Sight bill即期汇票141.After sight见票后付款142.Without recourse无追索权143.Presentment出示144.Acceptance of draft承兑汇票145.Dishonour拒付146.Protest拒绝证书147.Notary public公证人148.Collection托收149.Principal委托方150.Remitting bank托收行151.Collecting bank代收行152.Remittance letter汇款书153.Document against payment(D/P)付款交单154.Document against payment sight即期付款交单155.Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156.Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单157.Letter of credit(L/C)信用证158.Revocable L/C可撤销信用证159.Confirmed L/C保兑信用证160.Transferable and divisible L/C可转让分割信用证161.Standby L/C备用信用证162.Deferred payment L/C/延期付款信用证163.Applicant开证申请人164.Issuing bank开证行165.Advising bank通知行166.Beneficiary受益人167.Negotiating bank议付行168.Paying bank付款行169.GATT（全拼写）General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定170.Absolute advantage theory绝对优势理论parative Advantage theory比较优势理论172.A la carte173.Grandfather clause祖父条款174.The negotiations Committee,TNC谈判委员会175.Ministerial-Level Meeting部长级会议176.Dunkel Draft邓克尔草案177.The Blair House Agreement布莱尔大厦协议178.WTO世界贸易组织179.Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》.中文简称,《建立世界贸易组织协定》.180.Plurilateral Trade Agreement诸边贸易协定181.Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制181.Ministerial Conference部长级会议182.General Council总理事会183.Council for Trade in Goods货物贸易理事会mittees on Trade and Development贸易与发展委员会mittees on Balance-of-payment Restrictions收支平衡限制委员会mittees on Budget,Finance and Administration预算,财务与行政小组委员会187.Secretariat of the WTO and Director-General世贸组织秘书处和总干事188.Privileges and immunity特权和豁免权189.Legal personality法人资格190.IMF国际货币基金组织191.IBRD国际复兴开发银行192.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议，简称贸发会议193.WIPO世界知识产权组织194.ILO国际劳工组织195.Bank for International Settlement,BIS国际清算银行196.Regional Integration Agreement区域一体化协定197.Free Trade Area,Customs Union自由贸易区，关税同盟mon Market共同市场199.Reciprocity互惠200.MFN最惠国待遇201.The like products同类产品202.Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System商品名称及编码协调制度203.National treatment国民待遇204.Market access市场准入205.Import quotas进口配额206.Import license进口许可证207.Transparency透明度208.Ad valoren duty从价税209.Specific duty从量税bined duty结合税211.Import tariffs进口关税212.Transit duties过境税213.General tariff一般关税214.Generalized system of preference普遍优惠制215.Special preference216.Concession217.Schedule of tariff concession关税减让表218.Customs valuation海关估价219.Transaction value交易价值220.Deductive value倒扣价格mittee on Customs Valuation CCV海关估价委员会222.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection装运前检验协议223.Price verification价格鉴证224.Rule of origin原产地规则225.Import and export ordinance进出口条例226.Primary rule首要规则227.Residual rule剩余规则228.De minimis微量允许标准229.Dumping倾销230.Normal price正常价格231.The ordinary course of trade正常贸易过程232.Affiliated party关联方233.At arm’s length保持距离（原则）234.Constructed price推定价格235.Determination of injury反倾销产业损害236.Material injury实质损害237.Threat of material injury实质损害威胁238.Material retardation of the establishment of such industry实质性阻碍建立的产业239.Cumulative assessment累积评估240.Causal relationship因果关系241.Burden of proof举证责任；证明责任242.On-the–spot investigation实地考察；实地调查243.Best information available最佳获得资料；最佳可获得资料244.Preliminary determination初步认定；初裁245.Final determination最终裁决；最终裁定246.Judicial review司法审查247.Provisional measures临时措施248.Price undertakings价格承诺249.Retroactive application of anti-dumping duties追溯征收250.SCM补贴与反补贴措施协议251.Specificity（补贴）的专向性252.Prohibited subsidy禁止性补贴(253.Export subsidy出口补助254.Actionable subsidy（补贴协议）可诉补贴255.Nullification or impairment of benefit利益损害或丧失256.Serious prejudice严重损害257.State trading enterprises国营贸易企业ernment procurement政府采购业务259.Safeguard measures保障措施260.Gray area measures灰色区域措施261.Selective safeguards measures选择性的保障措施262.Voluntary export restraints自愿出口限制；出口自我设限；自动出口限制263.Orderly marketing arrangement有秩序销售协议264.Recent enough,sharp enough,sudden enough,significant enough进口数量的增长必须是在时间上足够临近的（recent enough），足够突然的（sudden enough），足够明显的（sharp enough），足够重要的（significant enough），并在数量上和性质上能造成或威胁造成严重损害265.Unforeseen development未预见的发展266.Clearly imminent迫在眉睫267.Import surcharges进口追加款；进口附加费268.TBT技术性贸易壁垒技术性贸易壁垒协议269.Conformity assessment procedures符合性评估程序270.Preparation,adoption and application of technical regulation准备，接受和应用技术规则272.SPS卫生和植物检疫措施协议273.Primary products初级产品；农产品274.Domestic support(农产品)国内支持275.Deficiency payment差额补贴276.AMS支持总量277.reasonable departure cla use合理背离条款278.Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles在关于棉纺织品的国际贸易中有担保义务280.ATC纺织品与服装协定281.GATS服务业贸易总协定282.Cross-border supply跨境交付；跨境提供283.Consumption abroad（服务贸易）境外消费mercial presence商业存在285.Movement of natural persons关于自然人流动问题谈判的决定286.Horizontal commitments水平承诺287.Wholesale trade service批发贸易服务288.Distributive trade service分销业服务289.TRIPs与贸易有关的知识产权协定290.Geographic indication地理标志291.Marks of origin原产国标记；产地标记292.Industrial design工业设计293.Patents专利yout designs of integrated circuits集成电路布图设计295.Coercive package licensing强制性一揽子许可296.Injunctions禁令297.Damages损害赔偿298.TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施290.Optimal use合理利用291.Social accountability社会责任；social Accountability8000即"社会责任标准" petition policy竞争政策293.Consensus协商一致294.Negative consensus反向一致295.TPRB贸易政策评审机构296.DSB争端解决机构297Consultation磋商298.Exhaustion of remedy穷尽法律救济299.Violation case违反之诉300.Non-violation case非违反之诉301.Panel专家组302.Appellate body上诉机构303.Arbitration仲裁304.Parallel retaliation平行报复305.Cross retaliation交叉报复2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研资料能上网的手机WAP phone泥菩萨过河like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking out for his own survival年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis年夜饭family reunion dinner扭转局面reverse the tide, turn the table农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labor (laborers)农工商联合企业agro-industrial-commercial combines偶像idol派出所local police station跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman泡沫经济bubble economy配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)皮包公司bogus company疲软股票soft stock啤酒肚beer belly骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb平均主义equalitarianism平面设计师graphic designer平时不烧香，临时抱佛脚never burn incense when all is well, but clasp Buddha's feet when in distress评头论足nit-pick瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions扑网(体）rush-up, rushing普选制general election system期房forward delivery housing骑警horseback police旗袍cheong-sam; Chi-pao企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业集团的松散层loose level (of an enterprise group)企业文化corporate culture起跑器block洽谈会fair, meeting千禧婴儿millennium infant; millennium baby2014年考研专业课复习安排及方法问题一：专业课复习的复习进度及内容安排回答一：专业课的复习通常在9月或者更早就要开始了，集中复习一般放在11月－12月左右。

16年考研详解与指导风俗习惯30■媒人的最早产生，大约在（周代）。

31■嫁娶六礼：纳采、问名、纳吉、纳征、请期、亲迎。

32.转房婚：形式主要是兄死，弟以嫂为妻；姐死，妹代姐为妻；父死，子以异母为妻。

在西南地区和东北地区的一些少数民族曾较长时间的流行过。

33■阿注婚：流行于云南的一支纳西族和一支普米族。

“阿注”是纳西语，意为“伴侣、朋友”。

只要不是同一母系血统的成员及其后裔，都可以互为阿注。

他们之间的性关系非常自由，到晩上，男阿注就到女阿注的专用放里过夜，天明赶回家去劳动，这种阿注关系时间可长可短，每人除一个长期阿注以外，还有许多临时阿注。

所生子女不知其父，都归母家。

34■抢夺婚：云南地区的景颇族、傣族、苗族欧曾实行过强夺婚，是男子通过强夺手段与女子成婚。

是一种民俗，民间的“抢夺婚”其实只是一种形式，在此之前，双方早已换过婚礼，选定成亲日子，但在迎亲那天，男方还是要组织一帮人，隐蔽在约定的地点，等新娘一到，一拥而上，捆绑回家，新娘则大呼救命，女方家人假追一通。

35■(父权）制度确立后，形成了_夫_妻制。

36■据《墨子》《荀子》记载，我国在（先秦）时代就有了火葬。

37■石棺葬：就是用石板或石块构筑成长方形的棺材，置于地面，即为墓地。

地区主要集中在东北的松花江流域、四川西部的岷江和金沙江流域以及云南境内的一些地方。

时间跨度起于商周，盛行于战国到两汶，延续到明代。

据近年来的学术研究，石棺葬起源于古人对石的崇拜。

38■悬棺葬：就是把棺木高悬于崖壁的木粧上或洞穴里。

这种悬棺葬在福建省武夷山、江西、四川等地都有发现，其中武夷山的悬棺已有3800年之久。

这些悬棺离地面有的几十米，有的上百米。

悬棺形似小船。

据认为，采用这一葬法的少数民族，迷信灵魂升天，认为把棺木放得越高，灵魂就越容易升天。

39■考古发掘最早的龙形在（河南省濮阳市仰韶文化遗址）。

40■龙与皇帝合而为_，始于（汶高祖刘邦）。

41■龟龙：比喻人中英杰。

外销员考试常考术语和缩写一、国际货物买卖适用的法律与惯例INCOTERMS2002，International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》URC522，Uniform Rules for Collection《托收统一规则522》UCP500，Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits500《跟单信用证统一惯例》Warsaw-Oxford Rules1932《1932年华沙一牛津规则》Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions1941《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》二、价格术语EXW(ex works)工厂交货FCA(free carrier)货交承运人FAS(free alongside ship)装运港船边交货FOB(free on board)装运港船上交货CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费CIF(cost，insurance and freight)成本加保险费、运费CPT(carriage paid to)运费付至CIP(carriage and insurance to)运费、保险费付至DAF(delivered at frontier)边境交货DES(delivered ex ship)目的港船上交货DEQ(delivered ex quay)目的港码头交货DDU(delivered duty unpaid)未完税交货DDP(delivered duty paid)完税后交货FOB liner terms FOB班轮条件FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货FOB stowed FOB理舱费在内FOB trimmed FOB平舱费在内FOBST(FOB stowed and trimmed)FOB包括理舱费和平舱费在内的各项装船费用CFR liner terms CFR班轮条件CFR landed CFR卸至码头CFR ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货CFR ex ship's hold CFR舱底交货CIF liner terms CIF班轮条件CIF landed CIF卸至码头CIF ex tackle CIF吊钩下交货CIF ex ship's hold CIF舱底交货the seller's obligations卖方义务三、货物的品名、质量、数量与包装name of commodity品名quality0f goods品质condition合同要件actual quality实际品质sample样品sale by sample凭样品买卖quality as per seller's sample品质以卖方样品为准buyer's sample买方样品counter sample对等样品confirming sample确认样品for reference only仅供参考colour sample色样pattern sample款式样quality shall be about equal to the sample品质与样品大致相同quality shall be nearly same as the sample品质与样品近似specification of goods商品规格sale by specification凭规格买卖FAQ，fair average quality良好平均品质sale by descriptions and illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖trade mark商标sophisticated market精致市场name of origin产地名称quality tolerance品质公差weigh重量metric ton公吨long ton长吨short ton短吨kilogram公斤gram克ounce盎司number数量piece件pair双set套dozen打roll卷ream令gross罗bag袋bale包length长度meter米foot英尺yard码area面积square foot平方英尺volume体积cubic yard立方码capacity容积bushel蒲式耳litre升gallon加仑the metric system公制the british system英制the U.S.system美制SI，the international system of units国际单位制gross weight毛重net weight净重gross for net以毛作净actual tare实际皮重real tare实际皮重average tare平均皮重customary tare习惯皮重computed tare约定皮重conditioned weight公量theoretical weight理论重量legal weight法定重量net net weight实物净重about大约circa近似approximate左右nude pack裸装in bulk散装full packed全部包装part packed局部包装shipping mark运输标志，唛头indicative mark指示性标志warning mark警告性标志UCC，Universal Code Council统一编码委员会UPC，Universal Product Code统一产品编码European Article Number Association欧洲物品编码协会EAN，European Article Number欧洲物品编码neutral pacing中性包装seaworthy packing海运包装inquiry询盘offer发盘counter offer还盘acceptance接受IGO inter-government organization政府间国际组织NGO non-government organization非政府间国际组织ICS international chamber shipping国际航运公会BIMCO Baltic and international maritime council波罗的海国际海事协会CMI committee maritime international国际海事委员会IMO international maritime organization国际海事组织LNG liquified natural gas液化天然气LPG liquified petroleum gas液化石油气SF stowage factor货物积载因数IMDG Code international maritime dangerous goods code国际海运危险货物规则ISO international standard organization国际标准化组织SOC shipper's own container货主箱COC carrier's own container船公司箱TEU twenty-foot equivalent units计算单位,也称20英尺换算单位FCL full container load整箱货LCL less container load拼箱货CY container yard集装箱堆场CFS container freight station集装箱货运站DOOR货主工厂或仓库DPP damage protection plan损害修理条款SC service contract服务合同B/N booking note托运单S/O shipping order装货单，也称下货纸、关单M/R mate's receipt收货单，也称大副收据M/F manifest载货清单，也称舱单S/P stowage plan货物积载图，也称船图、舱图D/O delivery order提货单，也称小提单MSDS maritime shipping document of safety危险货物安全资料卡D/R dock's receipt场站收据EIR(E/R)equipment interchange receipt设备交接单CLP container load plan集装箱装箱单SOF statement of facts装卸事实记录B/L bill of lading提单HB/L house bill of lading代理行提单，或称子提单、分提单、货代提单、无船承运人提单、仓至仓提单等Sea B/L(Master B/L,Ocean B/L,Memo B/L)海运提单，或称母提单、主提单、船公司提单、备忘提单等On board B/L,Shipped B/L已装船提单Received for Shipment B/L收货待运提单Straight B/L记名提单Open B/L(Blank B/L,Bearer B/L)不记名提单Order B/L指示提单Clean B/L清洁提单Foul B/L(Unclean B/L)不清洁提单Direct B/L直达提单Transshipment B/L转船提单Through B/L联运提单Combined Transport B/L(Intermodal Transport B/L,Multimodal Transport B/L)多式联运提单Minimum B/L最低运费提单，也称起码提单Advanced B/L预借提单Anti-dated B/L倒签提单Stale B/L过期提单On Deck B/L甲板货提单过期Switch B/L转换提单NVOCC non-vessel operations common carrier无船公共承运人或无船承运人《Hague Rules》《海牙规则》，正式名称为《统一关于提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Visby Rules》《维斯比规则》，正式名称为《关于修订统一提单若干法律规定的国际公约》《Hamburg Rules》《汉堡规则》，正式名称为《1978年联合国海上货物运输公约》SDR special drawing rights特别提款权LOI letter of indemnity保函，也称损害赔偿保证书SLAC shipper's load and count货主装载、计数SLACS shipper's load,count and seal货主装载、计数和加封STC said to contain内容据称SWB seaway bill海运单V/C voyage charter航次租船，简称程租T/C time charter定期租船，简称期租TCT time charter on trip basis航次期租COA contract of affreightment包运租船，简称包船C/P charter party租船合同F/N fixture note确认备忘录，也称订租确认书GENCON"金康"合同，全称为BIMCO统一杂货租船合同NYPE Form"土产格式"，全称美国纽约土产品交易定期租船合同BALTIME"波尔的姆格式"，全称为BIMCO标准定期租船合同BARECON'A'标准光船租船合同A格式SINO TIME中租期租合同DWT dead weight tonnage载重吨GRT gross registered tonnage总登记吨，简称总吨NRT net registered tonnage净登记吨，简称净吨LOA length over all船舶总长度BM beam船宽MT metric tons公吨（1000千克）LAYCAN layday/canceling date受载期与解约日LINER TERMS班轮条款，即船方负担装卸费BERTH TERMS泊位条款，即船方负担装卸费GROSS TERMS总承兑条款，即船方负担装卸费FAS free alongside ship船边交接货条款，即船方负担装卸费FI free in船方不负担装货费FO free out船方不负担卸货费FILO free in,liner out船方不负担装货费但负担卸货费LIFO liner in,free out船方不负担卸货费但负担装货费FIO free in and out船方不负担装卸费FIOST free in and out,stowed and trimmed船方不负担装卸费、平舱费和堆舱费2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。

阅读题源专业养老金顾问英国的养老系统在较为完善的同时，也因为其复杂程度而催生了对养老金顾问的需求。

许多人在退休后不得不寻找顾问来帮助解决养老金问题，但又因为找到合适的人的难度而想尽办法拖延寻找顾问的期限。

今天，金融速读带大家来看一看在英国，找养老金顾问到底有多难。

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：keen愿意，希望daunting使气馁rogue无良的，欺诈的UK pensions:how to hire an adviser（590words）By Judith Evans------------------------------------------------------As retirement looms,you resolve to take professional advice—only to discover a quandary:from which of the vast array of30,000UK registered advisers keen to take your custom?This puzzle has been faced by growing numbers of savers since the government reformed the pensions market by removing the requirement to turn savings into a secure income,offering a far greater choice in how to deploy a nest egg.That choice has driven up demand for ,an online directory,has seen a20per cent increase in searches for financial advisers compared with last year,according to Karen Barrett,chief executive.But choosing an adviser can be daunting.Jane Vass,head of public policy at Age UK,says:“We know that people often put off using an adviser, even if they think they need one.“They’re worried about being charged commission,they feel they won’t understand the charges,they won’t feel able to negotiate or they don’资料来源：育明考研考博官网t know how to compare advisers.”Those in need of advice may take some reassurance from the Retail Distribution Review reforms that took effect in2013,increasing the qualifications required to register as an adviser—now equivalent to a certificate of higher education.They must regularly obtain a “statement of professional standing”,which certifies that they have kept their qualifications up-to-date and signed up for an ethics code.Under the changes,all advisers were banned from taking commissions on most financial products,removing the incentive to sell products that a customer may not need.Experts say this has led to significant progress in improving standards and rooting out rogue operators,after a spate of overly risky products were sold to retail investors in the early2000s.A series of advisers have been banned and fined,and others investigated for exposing clients to high-risk investments in areas such as overseas property and biofuels.“The industry is clearly in a very different place from where it was10 years ago,”says Ms Vass.Among the first decisions to be taken is whether to opt for an “independent”or“restricted”adviser.The latter will only offer products from a limited panel of providers,although their charging structures and qualifications are similar to their independent counterparts.Both types of advisers charge fees to the investor,not commissions.But regulatory and insurance requirements are more onerous for independent advisers—such as proving that they really do survey the entire market when choosing products.Some smaller operations with limited resources opt for restricted status.Advisers may also be restricted in a different way,offering advice on just one type of financial product,such as mortgages.This can enable them to develop specialist knowledge while saving on costs—but make sure you clarify in what way an adviser is restricted.Beyond the minimum standards,advisers may also have extra qualifications in specialist areas,such as pensions advice or long-term care,a bonus if one of these is your focus.资料来源：育明考研考博官网“Ring up and go to see at least three or four advisers,”Ms Barrett says.“Ask them who’s going to be working with me,what experience do they have,where have they worked before,what types of clients are they especially able to help?”Many advisers will offer an initial free face-to-face consultation,which gives you a chance to brandish a checklist of questions,including on the vexed question of fees;you can also ask how the adviser expects to make or save you money that will make the fees worth your while.What is the trend for the amount of people that saves their pension?∙Increasing∙Decreasing∙Reaching zero∙Don't knowBeginning2013,what changed if you want to become an adviser?∙Lower educationdegreerequired∙There is an annual fee if you want to be an adviser∙More qualifications required∙Nothing changedWhat’s the author’s attitude towards restricting the adviser’s expertise to one field?∙Indifferent∙Positive∙Doubtful资料来源：育明考研考博官网∙NegativeHow much does it cost to set up a one-on-one meeting with an adviser?∙Very expensive∙Free∙Very cheap∙Don’t know专业养老金顾问解析A文章第二段讲到，由于政府改革养老金政策，越来越多的人开始储存他们拿到的养老金C文章第六段作者提到13年之后成为顾问更难了因为需要更多证书。