3.76 W of green light generated by intracavity frequency

英才大联考江西省2025届高三第一次质量摸底联考英语试题1. What is the man going to do next?A．Pick up Billy. B．Visit a friend. C．Call Emma.2. What does the woman concern about the man?A．His work efficiency. B．His health. C．His travel plan.3. What is the man probably doing?A．Driving a car. B．Riding a bike. C．Entering the school. 4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A．At a conference. B．At a hospital. C．At an airport.5. What does the woman suggest about going for dinner?A．To Uncle Johnson. B．Eating with a friend. C．Exploring new options. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6. What is the relationship between the speakers?A．Husband and wife. B．Brother and sister. C．Father and daughter.7. Why do they mention Barry?A．Because he was just in the photo.B．Because he owns a superb camera.C． Because he took the photo they are discussing.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

小学上册英语第5单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I like to build tall structures with my ________ (玩具名称).2. Depression began in the year ________. The Grea3.Plants can provide shelter for ______ (小动物).4. A tortoise can live for over ______ (一百年).5.The __________ can change due to human intervention.6.Which of these is a mode of communication?A. TelepathyB. PhoneC. DanceD. Art7.The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a ________.8.Which of these is a natural disaster?A. EarthquakeB. FestivalC. BirthdayD. Concert9.My aunt loves __________ (读书).10.My hamster loves to run on its _________ (轮子).11.What is the term for the fear of heights?A. ClaustrophobiaB. AcrophobiaC. AgoraphobiaD. NyctophobiaB12.The rabbit is hiding in the _______ (兔子藏在_______里).13.I love to ______ (尝试) new recipes.14.The teacher is ______ (kind) to all students.15.How many players are on a dodgeball team?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 816.What do you call a book that tells about someone's life?A. FictionB. BiographyC. NovelD. AutobiographyB17.Which bird is known for its colorful feathers?A. SparrowB. PeacockC. PenguinD. CrowB18.Which of these is a popular sport?A. ChessB. FencingC. FootballD. Knitting19.What do you use to write on paper?A. BrushB. PencilC. KnifeD. SpoonB20.I enjoy making ______ with friends.21.My _____ (奶奶) tells me stories about her childhood. 奶奶给我讲她童年的故事。

绿色对相机的影响英语作文Title: The Impact of Green Light on Cameras。

Introduction:In the realm of photography, light is paramount. It shapes our images, dictates exposure, and influences the overall quality of the final product. Among the various hues of light, green light holds a unique position due to its distinct effects on cameras. This essay delves into the impact of green light on cameras, exploring itssignificance and implications.Spectral Composition:Green light, situated within the visible spectrum, occupies wavelengths ranging approximately from 520 to 570 nanometers. Its prevalence in natural landscapes and artificial environments makes it a common element encountered during photography sessions.Exposure and White Balance:The presence of green light significantly affects exposure settings and white balance calibration. Cameras, designed to capture scenes under natural lighting conditions, may struggle to accurately meter and balance green-dominated environments. Consequently, images captured under such conditions may exhibit color casts, inaccuracies in white balance, and compromised exposure levels.Color Representation:Green light influences color reproduction, particularly in scenes where it predominates. Cameras may struggle to faithfully reproduce other hues present in the scene, leading to color shifts and distortion. This phenomenon poses challenges for photographers striving for accurate color rendition in their images.Image Quality:The impact of green light extends beyond mere color representation. It can influence overall image quality, affecting sharpness, contrast, and dynamic range. Excessive green light may result in reduced image clarity and detail, detracting from the visual appeal of photographs.Artistic Considerations:Despite its technical challenges, green light also presents opportunities for creative expression. Photographers adept at harnessing its unique qualities can leverage it to create captivating images imbued with a sense of vitality and vibrancy. By embracing green light as a creative tool rather than a hindrance, photographers can explore new avenues of artistic experimentation.Mitigation Strategies:To mitigate the adverse effects of green light on cameras, photographers employ various techniques and tools. These may include manual adjustment of exposure settings, custom white balance calibration, and the use of lensfilters designed to counteract specific color casts. Additionally, post-processing software offers a plethora of tools for fine-tuning color balance and correcting inaccuracies introduced by green light.Conclusion:In conclusion, the impact of green light on cameras is multifaceted, encompassing technical challenges, artistic opportunities, and mitigation strategies. Understanding its influence enables photographers to navigate diverse shooting environments effectively, ensuring the creation of compelling and technically proficient images. Despite its complexities, green light remains an integral component of the photographic process, shaping the visual narratives captured through the lens.。

小学上册英语第五单元暑期作业(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The ________ was a prominent figure in the fight for justice.2.The ______ (狼) hunts for food at night.3.The Age of Exploration began in the _______ century.4.The _____ (柚子) tree has big fruits.5.Penguins live in ______ (寒冷) places and waddle when they walk.6. A ladybug has ______ spots.7.The __________ (美国宪法) was adopted in 1787.8.The _____ (生态系统) relies on plants for oxygen.9.Most birds can ______.10.We will have a ________ picnic.11.The __________ (生态平衡) is vital for health.12.We are going to _____ a picnic. (have)13.What do we call a story that is based on real events?A. FictionB. Non-fictionC. BiographyD. Novel答案:B14. A ____(public space) encourages community interaction.15.In a combustion reaction, the reactants typically include a hydrocarbon and _____.16._____ (植物护理) is important for a thriving garden.17.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. SugarB. CocoaC. MilkD. Flour答案:B.Cocoa18.The _______ (Human Rights Declaration) was adopted by the UN in 1948.19.My brother is my best _______ because we laugh together.20.My sister is _____ (older/younger) than me.21.The ________ (养分) in the soil is important for growth.22. A _______ is a reaction that produces a pungent aroma.23. A ______ is a type of rodent.24. A chemical reaction can be represented by a _____ equation.25.I enjoy writing ______ (故事) in my journal. It helps me express my ______ (想法).26.Which planet is known as the Red Planet?A. VenusB. MarsC. MercuryD. Jupiter答案:B27.The discovery of ________ led to significant advances in medicine.28.The rabbit loves to hop on _______ (草地).29.They are ________ a movie.30. A chemical change can produce gas, light, or ______.31.The flowers are ______ (美丽的) in spring.32.The chemical formula for calcium hydroxide is __________.33.My favorite subject is ___. (math)34.In a __________, you can find various types of plants and animals. (生态系统)35.The _______ of sound is measured in decibels.36.The school bell ________ at PM.37. A zebra's stripes help it blend into the ________________ (草原).38.We have a ______ (快乐的) gathering for Thanksgiving.anic chemistry focuses on compounds containing _____.40.I like to go ______ (滑冰) at the rink with my friends.41.We should _____ (appreciate) the beauty of nature.42.What do we call the small, fleshy part of a fruit that surrounds the seed?A. FleshB. SkinC. PulpD. Seed coat答案:C43.They are watching a _____ (movie/show) on TV.44.My ________ (玩具名称) helps me with my imagination.45. A suspension can separate over time due to gravity and is not ______.46.I believe in the importance of empathy. Understanding how others feel helps us build strong connections. I practice empathy by __________ when talking to friends.47.I enjoy going to the ___. (beach)48. A ____(cliff) is a steep face of rock or earth.49.I like to go ______ on vacations.50.I have a ________ (玩具飞机) that makes sounds when I press a button.51.I enjoy playing with my toy ________ (玩具名称) in the snow.52.I built a tower with my ____. (积木)53.What is the term for a baby pig?A. CalfB. PigletC. ChickD. Lamb答案:B54.My favorite color is ________.55.We need to _______ (提高)社会意识。

学士学位英语考试真题及答案安徽省全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Bachelor's degree English exam questions and answers Anhui provincePart 1: Reading comprehensionInstructions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:Passage:The Benefits of Studying AbroadStudying abroad is a life-changing experience that offers many benefits. First and foremost, students who study abroad have the opportunity to immerse themselves in a new culture and language, which can help them develop cross-cultural communication skills and become more open-minded. Additionally, studying abroad can help students become more independent and self-reliant as they navigate life in a foreign country without the support of their family and friends. Finally,studying abroad can enhance a student's resume and provide them with a competitive edge in the job market.Questions:1. What are some benefits of studying abroad?2. How can studying abroad help students developcross-cultural communication skills?3. Why is studying abroad beneficial for a student's career prospects?Answers:1. Some benefits of studying abroad include immersion in a new culture and language, development of cross-cultural communication skills, increased independence, and a competitive edge in the job market.2. Studying abroad provides students with the opportunity to engage with people from different cultural backgrounds, practice a new language in real-life situations, and learn to navigate unfamiliar social norms.3. Studying abroad enhances a student's resume by demonstrating their adaptability, cultural awareness, and abilityto thrive in challenging environments, which are all highly valued skills in today's globalized job market.Part 2: WritingInstructions: Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:"The Impact of Technology on Education"In your essay, address the following points:- How has technology transformed the way we learn?- What are some advantages and disadvantages of technology in education?- How can educators harness the power of technology to enhance student learning?Remember to support your arguments with relevant examples and evidence.Answer:Technology has revolutionized the field of education, transforming the way we learn and interact with information. In the modern era, students have access to a wealth of resources at their fingertips, thanks to the internet, smartphones, and otherdigital tools. This has enabled them to learn at their own pace, engage with content in interactive ways, and collaborate with peers and educators from around the world.One of the key advantages of technology in education is its ability to personalize learning experiences for students. With the help of artificial intelligence and data analytics, educators can tailor lessons to individual student needs and provide real-time feedback to support their learning goals. This can help students reach their full potential and stay motivated throughout their educational journey.However, technology in education also presents some challenges. For example, the prevalence of online distractions and the potential for plagiarism can hinder student learning and development. Additionally, not all students have equal access to technology, which can create disparities in educational outcomes and opportunities.To harness the power of technology for student learning, educators must be proactive in integrating digital tools into their teaching practices. This can involve using online platforms to deliver lectures, assignments, and assessments, creating interactive learning experiences through virtual reality andgamification, and promoting digital literacy skills among students.In conclusion, technology has had a profound impact on education, opening up new possibilities for learning and collaboration. By leveraging the potential of technology in education, educators can empower students to become lifelong learners and prepare them for success in the digital age.篇2Bachelor's degree English exam questions and answers for Anhui ProvincePart I: Reading ComprehensionRead the following passage and answer the questions below:The Importance of EducationEducation plays a crucial role in shaping a person’s future. It not only equips individuals with knowledge and skills but also helps them develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. With the rapid advancement of technology and globalization, the demand for well-educated individuals has never been higher.1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. Why is education important according to the passage?3. How does education help individuals in the modern world?Part II: Vocabulary and GrammarChoose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence:1. The teacher asked the students to ____ the homework assignment by the end of the week.a) finish b) finished c) finishing d) finishes2. She is ____ studying for her exams.a) still b) already c) just d) yet3. The new university campus is equipped withstate-of-the-art ____ facilities.a) research b) researching c) researched d) researches4. The government has introduced new ____ to improve the quality of education.a) policies b) policy c) policed d) policingPart III: WritingWrite an essay on the following topic:"Discuss the impact of technology on education in the 21st century. How has technology changed the way we learn and access information? Provide examples to support your argument."Please write your essay in about 300 words.Answers:Part I: Reading Comprehension1. The main topic of the passage is the importance of education.2. Education is important because it equips individuals with knowledge and skills and helps them develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.3. Education helps individuals in the modern world by preparing them for the demands of a rapidly changing global economy.Part II: Vocabulary and Grammar1. a) finish2. a) still3. a) research4. a) policiesPart III: WritingThe impact of technology on education in the 21st century has been immense. Technology has revolutionized the way we learn and access information. Students can now access a wealth of information online through e-books, online courses, and educational websites. This has made learning more accessible and flexible, allowing students to study at their own pace and convenience. Additionally, technology has transformed the classroom environment, with interactive whiteboards, tablets, and other digital tools enhancing the learning experience. Overall, technology has made education more engaging, interactive, and effective in the 21st century.篇3Bachelor's degree in English Exam Questions and Answers in Anhui ProvinceThe Bachelor's degree in English exam in Anhui Province is a comprehensive test that covers various aspects of the English language. The exam is designed to evaluate the students' proficiency in reading, writing, speaking, and listening in English.Here are some sample questions and answers from previous exams in Anhui Province:Reading Comprehension:Question 1:Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:"In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards sustainable living. People are becoming more conscious of their impact on the environment and are making efforts to reduce their carbon footprint. One way to achieve this is by using renewable energy sources such as solar power and wind power. These green technologies not only help protect the environment but also save money in the long run."Question 1A: What is the main idea of the passage?Answer: The main idea of the passage is that there is a growing trend towards sustainable living and using renewable energy sources to reduce the carbon footprint.Question 1B: How can green technologies help protect the environment?Answer: Green technologies such as solar power and wind power help protect the environment by reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.Question 2:Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the correct words from the options provided:"Mary had always dreamed of becoming a(n) _________ writer since she was a child. After years of hard work and dedication, her dream finally came true when she published her first novel. She felt a great sense of _________ when she saw her book on the shelves of the bookstore."A) successful, satisfactionB) famous, prideC) accomplished, achievementD) aspiring, accomplishmentAnswer: D) aspiring, accomplishmentWriting:Question 3: Write a short paragraph (100-150 words) describing your favorite place in Anhui Province. Include details about the location, the scenery, and why it is special to you.Answer: My favorite place in Anhui Province is the Yellow Mountain (Huangshan). The mountain is famous for its stunning natural scenery, with ancient pine trees, steep cliffs, and mystical clouds. The view from the mountaintop is truly breathtaking, especially during sunrise or sunset. What makes this place special to me is the sense of tranquility and peace that I feel when I am surrounded by nature. It is the perfect place to escape from the hustle and bustle of city life and appreciate the beauty of the natural world.Speaking:Question 4: Describe a memorable experience you had while traveling abroad. Include details about the destination, the people you met, and how it impacted you.Answer: One of the most memorable experiences I had while traveling abroad was when I visited Japan last summer. I was struck by the unique blend of traditional culture and modern technology in the country. I met many friendly locals who were eager to show me around and teach me about their customs. The highlight of my trip was when I visited a traditional tea ceremony,where I learned about the art of brewing tea and the importance of mindfulness in Japanese culture. This experience taught me to appreciate the beauty in simplicity and the value of traditional practices in a fast-paced world.Listening:Question 5: Listen to the audio clip of a conversation between two friends planning a trip and answer the following questions:1. Where do the friends plan to go for their trip?2. How will they travel to their destination?3. What activities do they want to do during their trip?Answer:1. The friends plan to go to Paris for their trip.2. They will travel by plane to Paris.3. They want to visit the Eiffel Tower, explore the Louvre Museum, and try French cuisine during their trip.These sample questions and answers provide a glimpse of the types of tasks that students may encounter in the Bachelor's degree in English exam in Anhui Province. It is important forstudents to prepare thoroughly and practice regularly in order to perform well on the exam. Good luck to all the test-takers!。

海口“PEP”2024年10版小学6年级英语第4单元测验卷[有答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:120）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、What is the capital of Venezuela?A. CaracasB. MaracaiboC. ValenciaD. Barquisimeto答案:A2、Which month has Halloween?A. JanuaryB. FebruaryC. OctoberD. December答案:C3、听力题：The fish swims _____ (in/out) of the water.4、听力题：A mixture that appears uniform but can settle is called a ______.5、听力题：I can _____ (count/write) numbers.6、听力题：The first President of the United States was _______ Washington.7、听力题：The chemical formula for sodium hydroxide is _______.8、What do we call the large body of saltwater that covers most of the Earth?A. LakeB. RiverC. OceanD. Pond答案:C9、填空题：A ___ (小国王蛇) is colorful and beautiful.10、What is the name of the famous wizard in J.K. Rowling's series?A. Frodo BagginsB. Harry PotterC. GandalfD. Albus Dumbledore答案:B11、听力题：A chemical that can act as both an acid and a base is called ______.12、听力题：The ______ teaches us about civic responsibilities.13、填空题：I love visiting the ________ (动物园) to see all the different ________ (动物).14、What is the currency used in the USA?A. DollarB. EuroC. PoundD. Yen15、听力题：We sing ________ (songs) at the concert.16、听力题：A __________ is a reaction that produces heat.17、填空题：The _____ (蜜蜂) buzzes around flowers collecting nectar.18、How many players are on a handball team?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 9A _______ is a large piece of land surrounded by water.20、听力题：She is ___ her shoes. (tying)21、听力题：I like to ___ (ride/skate) my bike.22、Which word means "to make something clean"?A. DirtyB. CleanC. WashD. Messy23、填空题：The capital of Iceland is _____.24、填空题：The garden is ________ (生机勃勃).25、What do you call the study of the Earth's physical features?A. GeographyB. BiologyC. HistoryD. Chemistry答案: A26、听力题：I have a ___ of crayons. (box)27、填空题：The _____ (植物实验室) can drive innovation in horticulture.28、听力题：We will go ______ for ice cream after dinner. (out)29、听力题：My dad is watching ________.30、听力题：They are eating ice ___. (cream)31、听力题：My aunt loves to paint ____ (murals).The Earth's rotation creates patterns in ocean ______.33、Which animal can fly?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Fish答案:C34、填空题：A parakeet's social behavior makes it a friendly ________________ (伴侣).35、听力题：The periodic table shows all known ______.36、What do you call a young male bear?A. CubB. PupC. KidD. Calf37、填空题：A bee buzzes from flower to _______ collecting nectar.38、What is the chemical symbol for iron?A. FeB. IrC. ID. In答案: A39、Which animal is known for its stripes?A. LeopardB. ZebraC. PandaD. Cheetah答案:B40、听力题：I see a _____ rainbow in the sky. (colorful)41、填空题：The _______ (蝙蝠) has excellent night vision.The Earth's crust is constantly being ______ by tectonic forces.43、填空题：The __________ is a famous city known for its fashion. (米兰)44、填空题：My _______ (猫) chases its tail.45、听力题：The _______ helps plants take in sunlight.46、填空题：________ (植物保护法规) guide practices.47、听力题：The chemical formula for calcium sulfate is ______.48、听力题：Star light takes millions of years to reach ______.49、What is the main purpose of a garden?A. To grow foodB. To decorateC. To relaxD. To entertain答案:A50、填空题：My _____ (玩具机器人) dances.51、What is the name of the famous physicist known for his theory of relativity?A. Isaac NewtonB. Albert EinsteinC. Galileo GalileiD. Nikola Tesla答案: B. Albert Einstein52、填空题：_____ (花卉销售) supports local economies.53、填空题：The ______ (绿化) of cities is important.We visit the ______ (自然保护区) to learn about conservation.55、填空题：A ________ (干旱地区) receives little rain.56、What is the sum of 5 + 5?A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 12答案:B57、填空题：I often write emails to my ____.58、填空题：The __________ is the capital city of Morocco. (拉巴特)59、听力题：The __________ is crucial for understanding the relationship between geology and ecology.60、听力题：The ice cream cone is ______ (tasty) and sweet.61、填空题：My friend loves __________ (探险) in nature.62、听力题：A dolphin uses clicks and whistles to ______.63、填空题：My _______ (狗) enjoys playing outside.64、听力题：The chemical formula for potassium cyanide is __________.65、Which country is known for the Eiffel Tower?A. SpainB. ItalyC. FranceD. Germany答案：CThe ______ (植物的生态影响) is significant.67、填空题：Fish come in many ______ (颜色) and shapes.68、填空题：The dolphin is a very _______ (聪明的) animal.69、What do you call the process of water turning into vapor?A. CondensationB. EvaporationC. PrecipitationD. Collection答案: B70、听力题：Chemistry is often called the __________ science because it connects physics, biology, and other sciences.71、听力题：A __________ has a definite volume but no definite shape.72、What do we call a scientific test?A. ExperimentB. ObservationC. AnalysisD. Theory答案: A73、听力题：My brother has a _____ of marbles. (bag)74、How do you say "friend" in Spanish?A. AmigoB. CopainC. FreundD. Compagnon75、听力题：A ________ is the area around a city.76、What is the name of the chemical element with the symbol O?a. Oxygenb. Goldc. Silverd. Iron答案:a77、听力题：A solar eclipse happens when the ______ passes between the Earth and the sun.78、填空题：The ______ (青蛙) catches flies with its tongue.79、听力题：The _______ of light can create optical illusions.80、听力题：An indicator changes color depending on the ______ of a solution.81、填空题：I have a stuffed ________ (动物名称) as my favorite ________ (玩具).82、听力题：I love to ________ (travel) with my family.83、What is the capital of Belgium?A. BrusselsB. AntwerpC. GhentD. Bruges答案:A84、听力题：Solar panels convert sunlight into _______ energy.85、填空题：Planting _____ (树木) can enhance a community’s green space.86、What do we call the art of folding paper into shapes?A. OrigamiB. PaintingC. SculptingD. Drawing答案:A87、听力题：The gas produced when baking soda reacts with vinegar is ______.88、填空题：A ______ (自然保护区) protects plant species.89、What is 100 50?A. 40B. 50C. 60D. 70答案:B90、填空题：The ________ was a significant event in the history of civil rights.91、填空题：She is a scientist, ______ (她是一名科学家), who researches plants.92、tundra) is a cold, treeless region. 填空题：The ____93、What is the capital city of Bangladesh?A. DhakaB. ChittagongC. KhulnaD. Sylhet94、填空题：The _____ (蝴蝶) is colorful and beautiful.95、What do you call a person who studies the environment?A. EcologistB. GeologistC. BiologistD. Chemist96、What is the opposite of "noisy"?A. LoudB. QuietC. SilentD. Soft97、What is the name of the famous American author known for writing "Moby Dick"?A. Mark TwainB. Herman MelvilleC. F. Scott FitzgeraldD. Edgar Allan Poe答案:B98、填空题：We should water the plants every __________ (天).99、听力题：I see a ___ (rainbow).100、What is the capital city of Fiji?A. SuvaB. NadiC. LautokaD. Labasa答案: A。

Lighting plays an important role in our environment. It can provide us with a sense of security, comfort, and well-being. It can also be used to enhance the beauty of our environment.Good lighting can improve visibility, reduce energy consumption, and enhance safety. It can also be used to create an inviting atmosphere for outdoor activities. Proper lighting can also help reduce air and water pollution, as well as reduce the amount of energy needed to heat and cool our homes.Lighting can also be used to create a sense of community. By using lighting to highlight the beauty of our environment, we can create a sense of pride and connectedness to our community. Lighting can also be used to create an inviting atmosphere for outdoor activities.Lighting can also be used to reduce light pollution. Light pollution is caused by excessive and inappropriate use of artificial light. By using the right kind of lighting, we can reduce the amount of light pollution in our environment.Finally, lighting can be used to create a sense of harmony and balance in our environment. By using lighting to create an inviting atmosphere, we can create a sense of peace and tranquility. Lighting can also be used to create a sense of mystery and intrigue.Lighting can be an important tool in creating a healthy and sustainable environment. By using lighting to its fullest potential, we can create a beautiful and inviting environment that is beneficial to our environment.。

生成一篇关于光的颜色的英语作文The Color of LightLight is everywhere around us, filling our world with colors that allow us to see and experience the beauty of our surroundings. The colors of light are a fascinating aspect of physics and can be explained through the concept of the electromagnetic spectrum.The electromagnetic spectrum is a range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. The colors of light we see are determined by the frequency of the light waves. When white light passes through a prism, it is separated into its component colors, which are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This is known as the visible spectrum.Each color of light has a different wavelength and frequency, which affects how we perceive it. Red light, for example, has a longer wavelength and lower frequency than blue light. This difference in wavelength and frequency is what gives each color its unique characteristics.In addition to the visible spectrum, there are also colors of light that are not visible to the human eye. Ultraviolet light has ahigher frequency than violet light and is commonly used in tanning beds and sterilization processes. Infrared light has a lower frequency than red light and is often used in night vision devices and heating systems.The colors of light play a crucial role in our lives, affecting our mood, productivity, and overall well-being. Studies have shown that exposure to certain colors of light can improve focus and concentration, while others can help promote relaxation and sleep.In conclusion, the colors of light are a fascinating aspect of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows us to see and experience the beauty of the world around us. Understanding the different wavelengths and frequencies of light can help us appreciate the role that colors play in our lives. Next time you see a rainbow or watch a sunset, take a moment to marvel at the colors of light and the wonders of the natural world.。

专题22 阅读理解（环境保护类）1.C【2019·浙江卷】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.27. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B. The increasing variety of California big trees.C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.28. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?A. Ecological studies of forests.B. Banning woodcutting.C. Limiting housing development.D. Fire control measures.29. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?A. Inadequate snowmelt.B. A longer dry season.C. A warmer climate.D. Dampness of the air.30. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California SoonC. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D. Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. A【解析】文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林面临着的巨大危机，大型树木在急剧减少，作者阐述了现象，并分析了其原因。

备考2023年高考英语二轮专题：阅读理解（自然与环保）一、阅读理解(共40题；共80分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin's School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy, low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器) could be of great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future."All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids, " Ciampi said.There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of "liquid salt", and until now, it was difficult to know which would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged."The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method, researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak' (渗漏) and begin to diminish for at least four days, " Mr Belotti said.The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state and larger energy density.1．（2分）What can the new method be used to do in the future?A．Help to choose smart phones.B．Find materials used as energy.C．Research energy sources of the future.D．Settle the problem of storing energy.2．（2分）What was the challenge in making a capacitor?A．Choosing the best ionic liquid.B．Figuring out the storing ability.C．Devising a quick and easy test.D．Recharging a battery instantly.3．（2分）What does the underlined word "diminish" in paragraph 5 probably mean?A．Charge.B．Develop.C．Decrease.D．Expand.4．（2分）What would be a suitable title for the text?A．The Importance of Selecting Ionic LiquidB．A Good Method to Seek Perfect Ionic LiquidC．Types of Ionic Liquids for Use in a CapacitorD．A Simple and Affordable Battery阅读短文，回答问题When a chunk of ice fell from a collapsing glacier(冰川)on the Swiss Alps' Mount Eiger in 2017, part of the long deep sound it produced was too low for human ears to detect. But these vibrations held a key to calculating the ice avalanche's(崩塌)critical characteristics.Low-frequency sound waves called infrasound that travel great distances through the atmosphere are already used to monitor active volcanoes from afar. Now some researchers in this field have switched focus from fire to ice: dangerous blocks snapping off glaciers. Previous work has analyzed infrasound from snow avalanches but never ice, says Boise State University geophysicist Jeffrey Johnson. "This was different," Johnson says. "A signature of a new material has been detected with infrasound."Usually glaciers move far too slowly to generate an infrasound signal, which researchers pick up using detectors that track slight changes in air pressure. But a collapse—a sudden, rapid breaking of ice from the glacier's main body—is a prolific infrasound producer. Glacial collapses drive ice avalanches, which pose an increasing threat to people in mountainous regions as rising temperatures weaken large fields of ice. A glacier "can become detached from the ground due to melting, causing bigger break— offs," says University of Florence geologist Emanuele Marchetti, lead author of the new study. As the threat grows, scientists seek new ways to monitor and detect such collapses.Researchers often use radar to track ice avalanches, which is precise but expensive and can monitor only one specific location and neighboring avalanche paths. Infrasound, Marchetti says, is cheaper and can detect break—off events around a much broader area as well as multiple avalanches across a mountain. It is challenging, however, to separate a signal into its components (such as traffic noises, individual avalanches and nearby earthquakes) without additional measurements, says ETH Zurich glaciologist Malgorzata Chmiel. "The model used by Marchetti is a first approximation for this," she says. Isolating the relevant signal helpsthe researchers monitor an ice avalanche's speed, path and volume from afar using infrasound.Marchetti and his colleagues are now working to improve their detectors to pick up more signals across at-risk regions in Europe, and they have set up collaborations around the continent to better understand signals that collapsing glaciers produce. They are also refining their mathematical analysis to figure out each ice cascade's physical details.5．（2分）What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?A．Infrasound has a major role to play in discovering new materials.B．Ice avalanches are a bigger threat to people than volcanic eruptions.C．Researchers are trying to use infrasound in detecting ice avalanches.D．Scientists employ infrasound more in mountain areas than in other places.6．（2分）Which is an advantage of infrasound over radar?A．The combination with other relevant signals.B．The accuracy in locating a certain avalanche.C．The ability in picking up signals in wider areas.D．The sensitivity in tracking air pressure changes.7．（2分）The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refers to________.A．distinguishing different components of a signalB．detecting multiple avalanches at the same timeC．calculating the speed and path of ice avalanchesD．monitoring the specific location of ice break—offs8．（2分）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．From Fire to Ice B．Glacier WhispersC．Nature is Warning D．Secret of Ice Avalanches阅读理解Hoping to live on the moon one day? Your chances just got a tiny bit better. Researchers found that lunar pits and caves reach stable temperatures, making them potentially suitable for human life.Planetary scientists at the University of California, Los Angeles have been doing the research. Although much of the moon's surface temperatures ranges from as high as 260 degrees during the day to as low as 280 degrees below zero at night, the moon has pits and caves where temperatures stay at roughly 63 degrees Fahrenheit, making human habitation a possibility, according to their new research.For perspective, a day or night on the moon equals a little over two weeks on the earth—making long-term research and habitation difficult with such extremely hot and cold temperatures. Researchers say these stable spots could transform the future of lunar exploration and long-term habitation. The shadowed areas of these pits could also offer protection from harmful elements, such as solar radiation, universal rays and micrometeorites (微小陨石).About 16 of the over 200 discovered pits most likely come from collapsed lava tubes—tunnels that form from cooled lava or crust, according to Tyler Horvath, a UCLA doctoral student and head of the research. The researchers think overhangs inside of these lunar pits, which were initially discovered in 2009, could be the reason for the stable temperature.The research team also includes UCLA professor of planetary science David Paige and Paul Hayne at the University of Colorado Boulder. "Humans evolved living in caves, and to caves we might return when we live on the moon," said Paige in a UCLA press release.There are still plenty of other challenges to establishing any sort of long-term human residence on the moon—including growing food and providing enough oxygen. The researchers made clear that NASA has no immediate plans to establish a base camp or habitations there.9．（2分）What did the researchers find?A．Humans like the life on the moon.B．People lived in lunar pits and caves.C．Steady temperature exists somewhere on the moon.D．Temperatures in caves and pits vary a lot on the moon.10．（2分）What do the shadowed areas act as protection against?A．Solar heat.B．Harmful liquids.C．Universal gases.D．Micrometeorites.11．（2分）What does the underlined word "evolved" probably mean in paragraph 5?A．Appeared.B．Developed.C．Hunted.D．Escaped.12．（2分）Why does NASA not establish any habitation there at present?A．It has no such plans.B．Food there tastes bad.C．Many challenges exist.D．There is no oxygen.阅读理解A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of thefamily of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9, 000 years ago.The findings detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages across an area stretching more than 8, 000 kilometers.The findings illustrate how humankind's embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world's major language families. Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.There are 98 Transeurasian languages. This language family's beginnings were traced to millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area including parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and east into Korea and over the sea to Japan over thousands of years.The research stressed the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures."Accepting that the roots of one's language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make," said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, lead author of the study published in the journal Nature."Powerful nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth is that all languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed," Robbeets added.The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion, with millet also involved. While the ancestors of the Transeurasian languages grew millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed millet at roughly the same time in China's Yellow River region, paving the way for a separate language expansion.13．（2分）What is the new study mainly about?A．The migration routes of millet farmers.B．The ancient origins of a large language family.C．The different ancestries of Transeurasian speakers.D．The shared features of some neighboring languages.14．（2分）What fueled the spread of Transeurasian languages?A．The transition of power.B．The diversity of lifestyles.C．The interaction of cultures.D．The adoption of farming.15．（2分）According to Robbeets, who may feel uncomfortable about the new findings?A．Those from agricultural countries.B．Those who deny their cultural identity.C．Those with a strong sense of nationalism.D．Those who are afraid to cross boundaries.16．（2分）What is the main function of the last paragraph?A．To draw a conclusion.B．To present likely consequences.C．To highlight the theme.D．To offer additional information.阅读理解A "secretive" new species of frog has been discovered on the forest floor in India's Western Ghat mountain range. Named the starry dwarf frog after the markings on its dark brown back, it is just 2 centimeters long.The frog, whose closest relatives are a group of species native to India and Sri Linka, is the only member of an ancient lineage (血统) dating back to millions of years ago, according to researchers from India and the US. It is unclear whether the species is descended from African or Asian frogs.A group of Indian and US researchers first came across the local species hidden in leaf-litter as part of a wider project to look for new frogs, lizards and snakes in the richly biodiverse region and stored it in a jar for later study. Genetic testing and a closer look at its shape, colouring and other features has shown that it doesn't match any existing species.Kartik Shanker of the Indian Institute of Science, who helped design the study, says while it is common to find new frogs in India, this one needs to be noticed. "This particular species not just is a new species, but also belongs to a new genus (属), and that makes it a little more special, " says Shanker.The number of known species of frog identified in India has climbed from around 200 to above 400 over the past two decades. While many species new to science are frequently immediately sorted as endangered, it is too early to say whether the starry dwarf frog is threatened. "They are very secretive," says Shanker, adding that the team didn't know the size of its population. The frog is active at night and lives near water.Habitat loss is a serious risk to frogs in tropical forests around the world, alongside threats such as a deadly fungus (真菌) that has been killing off amphibians (两栖动物) for the past four decades. But the newspecies was found in a reserved forest, meaning it will enjoy a degree of protection by Indian government agencies.17．（2分）What can we learn from paragraph 3?A．The species was discovered by tourists.B．The species was found in a rich region.C．The species was finally set free.D．The species was further studied.18．（2分）What can we say about the new frog?A．It is in small quantities.B．It is an endangered species.C．It is well worth attention.D．It is related to African or Asian frogs.19．（2分）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A．Habitat loss is the chief threat to frogs.B．The new species may face less dangers.C．Tropical forests in India are all under protection.D．The Indian government determines to save frogs.20．（2分）Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A．A rare frog species protected in IndiaB．A rise in species of frog seen in IndiaC．A secretive frog species discovered in IndiaD．A risk of habitat loss for frogs removed in India阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

The Effects of Light Pollution onWildlifeLight pollution has become a significant issue in today's world, and its impact on wildlife is a growing concern. The excessive and misdirected artificial light produced by human activities has been shown to have detrimental effects on various species of animals, including birds, insects, and marine life. This problem is particularly concerning as it disrupts natural ecosystems and can lead to serious consequences for the affected species. In this response, we will explore the effects of light pollution on wildlife from multiple perspectives, considering the ecological, behavioral, and conservation implications of this pressing issue. From an ecological perspective, light pollution disrupts the natural rhythms and behaviors of wildlife. Many species rely on the natural cycle of light and darkness to regulate their activities, such as foraging, mating, and migration. The introduction of artificial light can confuse and disorient these animals, leading to a range of negative consequences. For example, birds may become disoriented by bright city lights, leading to collisions with buildings or exhaustion from circling around illuminated structures. Similarly, sea turtle hatchlings are known to become disoriented by artificial lights on the shore, causing them to move away from the ocean and towards danger instead of following the natural moonlight to the water. Furthermore, light pollution can have significant impacts on the behavior of nocturnal animals. Many species of insects, for instance, are drawn to artificial lights, which can disrupt their natural behaviors and lead to population declines. This disruption in the food chain can have cascading effects on other species that rely on insects as a food source, ultimately impacting the balance of entire ecosystems. The ecological implications of light pollution are therefore far-reaching and can have serious consequencesfor the stability and health of natural environments. From a behavioral perspective, the effects of light pollution on wildlife are equally concerning. Many animals rely on visual cues for navigation, communication, and finding food. The presence of artificial light can interfere with these essential behaviors, leading to increased stress and reduced reproductive success in affected species.For example, studies have shown that artificial light can disrupt the courtshipand mating behaviors of certain bird species, leading to decreased breeding success and population declines. Similarly, the disruption of natural light cues can affect the ability of some species to find food, leading to decreased foraging success and potential starvation. Moreover, the effects of light pollution on wildlife can also have significant conservation implications. As the human population continues to grow and urban areas expand, the prevalence of artificial light is only expected to increase. This poses a serious threat to many species of wildlife, particularly those that are already facing other pressures such ashabitat loss and climate change. Conservation efforts must therefore take into account the impact of light pollution on wildlife and work to mitigate its effects. This may involve implementing measures to reduce the spread of artificial light, such as using more efficient and targeted lighting designs, as well as creating dark sky reserves to protect critical habitats from excessive light pollution. In conclusion, the effects of light pollution on wildlife are a pressing and multifaceted issue that demands attention and action. From an ecological perspective, light pollution disrupts natural behaviors and rhythms, leading to a range of negative consequences for affected species. Behaviorally, the presence of artificial light can interfere with essential behaviors such as navigation and foraging, leading to increased stress and reduced reproductive success. Additionally, the conservation implications of light pollution are significant, as it poses a growing threat to many species already facing other pressures. Addressing this issue will require a concerted effort to reduce the spread of artificial light and protect critical habitats from excessive light pollution. By doing so, we can help mitigate the impacts of light pollution on wildlife and work towards a more sustainable and harmonious coexistence between humans and thenatural world.。

2021-2022学年上海市上海外国语大学附属外国语学校八年级上学期期末英语试题1. —You said she wouldn’t come, ________?—Yes. But she changed her mind.A．didn’t you B．did you C．would she D．wouldn’t she 2. —The reading material isn’t easy for Jack to understand, is it?—________. His foreign language is far better than expected.A．No, it isn’t B．I’m afraid not C．I don’t think so D．Yes, it is3. Kate’s never late for school, ________?A．is she B．isn’t she C．has she D．hasn’t she4. Its habitat is shrinking as nearby communities burn the native landscape to ________ new buildings.A．make up B．make away with C．make way D．make way for 5. Parents ________ their children’s safety. All of the followings have the same mean ing EXCEPT ________.A．fear for B．are concerned withC．are concerned about D．worry about6. Mother’s Day falls on ________. People buy carnations to ________ their mother.A．the 2nd Sunday in May; show respect toB．the 3rd Sunday in May; respectC．the 3rd Sunday, in May; be respectful ofD．the 2nd Sunday in May; show respect for7. The 2008 Summer Olympics was held in ________.A．London, Britain B．Beijing, ChinaC．Tokyo, Japan D．Paris, France8. It is considered good manners to ________ while having a meal.A．slouch B．chew with your mouth closedC．play with your food D．reach across the table9. The island of Ireland ________ two parts, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.A．composes of B．separates into C．consists of D．makes up of 10. ________ from my home to my workplace!A．How long way it is B．What a long way is itC．How long way is it D．What a long way it is11. —Hey, it’s Saturday. What are you up to?—A．I’ve been preparing for the performance.B．Not good. I lost my job.C．I’m going to hang out with my best friend.D．What’s up? Have you got any suggestions?12. — Mom, my flight arrives at 5 this afternoon.—OK, I’ll ________.A．pick you at the airport B．pick you up in the airportC．pick you from the airport D．pick you up from the airport13. — Oh my god! Have you heard of that? Lady Gaga has broken off ________!— Oh, it is such ________ to hear that.A．the engagement with her fiancé, a surpriseB．the marriage with her fiancé, surpriseC．the engagement to her fiancé, a shockD．the marriage to her fiancé, shock14. —When will a person feel cold in summer?—Well, when he ________. You know, ________ can affect the temperature.A．is in the South Pole; longitudeB．reaches the top of the mountain; altitudeC．is located near the equator; latitudeD．is situated in the Sichuan Basin; clouds15. I ________. Now, it’s just a nightmare for me. The topographical map always ________ me!A．was used to finding geography fascinating; upsetsB．was used to find geography fascinated; annoysC．used to finding geography fascinated; surprisesD．used to find geography fascinating; puzzles16. It is said ancient cities like Loulan and Pompeii ________at an important position of transportation.Rivers once ________through the city downtown.C．lay; wound D．was lied; wound A．laid; winded B．was lain;wounded17. In the story of Maggie’s Gift, Maggie and his husband both ________ a happy Christmas and decided to buy a gift for each other. In the end, although they lost their ________ t hings, they didn’t begin to realize the ________ thing of their life until they received the gift.A．hoped loved ones to have; valuable; invaluableB．hoped loved ones have; valueless; valuableC．hoped loved ones have; valuable; invaluableD．hoped loved ones to have; invaluable; valueless18. It is said that a strange disease ________ South Sudan. Until now the disease ________ the death of at least 89 people.A．is causing an effect on; has causedB．is having an impact on; has resulted fromC．is damaging to; has lead toD．is causing damage to; has resulted in19. It is reported that the city is one of ________ in the world. Every year, more than ________ of the population are suffering from lead pollution.A．most polluted city; three-fourthB．the most polluted cities; three-fourthsC．the cities with most pollution; three-foursD．the city with the most pollution; three-fourths20. You’d better ________ as it is getting colder. ________ you arrive at home, you will stay away from the coldness.A．not stay out too long; The momentB．to come back earlier; As soon asC．not to stay out too long; UntilD．come back earlier; Before21. For billions of years, life on our planet has evolved to the natural rhythms of night and day caused by the rotation of the earth. For humans, the sun gives us essential vitamins and the light we need to function. When the sun goes _______ and darkness sets in, the melatonin (褪黑素) in our brains make us _______. Around us, other creatures awaken and use the darkness to hide or to hunt, to travel, and to communicate. Twinkling lighting bugs flash in the dark to communicate. Prey uses the shadows to hide and predators use the shielding darkness to hunt. _______, over the last hundred years or so, our night sky has been fi ghting a losing battle against humans’ artificial light.Migrating birds _______ buildings, and newly hatched sea turtles mistake the glow of streets for the shimmer of the moon on the ocean. We even face more direct _______ risks from artificial light. Artificial light emitted from our screens, lamps, and streetlights _______our normal sleep rhythms and decrease our melatonin production, which can cause adverse effects to our health.The _______ use of artificial light at night can have unintended effects on amphibians, birds, mammals, insects, plants, and even our own bodies natural cycles. _______, the solution could be as easy as flipping a switch. The IDA (International Dark-Sky Association) has found ways that each one of us can help _______ light pollution and fight for the night. Solving this issue could be as easy as being sure to shut off all ________ lights at night, or investing in quality outdoor lighting that shines towards the ground.1.A．up B．down C．east D．west2.A．excited B．tired C．sleepy D．happy3.A．However B．Meanwhile C．Therefore D．Afterwards4.A．fly into B．crash into C．live in D．move into5.A．heart B．health C．eye D．sleep6.A．increase B．reduce C．disrupt D．improve7.A．right B．suitable C．direct D．inappropriate8.A．Seriously B．Unfortunately C．Fortunately D．Overwhelmingly9.A．strengthen B．reduce C．increase D．stop10.A．unnecessary B．necessary C．important D．useful22. Anna Douglas was 72 years old when she started writing her newspaper column. After she retired, she found a volunteer job with an agency. The agency that she chose to work for helped find jobs for old people. Every day she talked with other retired people like herself. By talking, she recognized two things: Old people had abilities that were not being used. Old people also had problems—mostly problems with communication.Mrs. Douglas found a new purpose for herself. She had written stories about people for national magazines. Now there was a subject: old people like herself. She began to write a newspaper column called “Sixty Phis”, which focuses on getting old. She wrote about the problems of the aged, especially their problems with being misunderstood.Anna Douglas tries to see the truth behind a problem. She understands the reasons why problems begin. She understands old people and young people as well. For example, one of her readers said that his grandchildren left the house every time he came to visit. Mrs. Douglas suggested some ways for him to increase unders tanding with his grandchildren. She told him to listen to young people’s music and to watch the most popular television shows.“It’s important to know something about your grandchildren’s world,” says Mrs. Douglas. “That means questions and listening—and l istening is not what old people do best.” She continues, “Say good things to them and about them. Never criticize your grandchildren or any other youngsters, teenagers, or young adults. Never tell them that they are wrong. Don’t give them your opinion. The y have been taught that they should have respect for old people. The old should also have respect for the young.”1. Anna Douglas knows the problems of the aged because ________.A．she herself is old B．she likes to talk with old peopleC．she has grandchildren D．she writes stories about old people2. Anna Douglas’s newspaper column ________.A．has some ideas for young adults B．deals with problems of the agedC．contains mostly amusing stories D．is about how to find jobs for old people 3. According to Anna Douglas, old people have to learn how to _________.A．criticize B．complain C．talk D．listen4. Anna Douglas doesn’t think that ________.A．old people are capable of doing a lot of thingsB．old people have problems with being misunderstoodC．old people are good at listeningD．old people can listen to young people’s music and watch the most popular television shows5. According to Mrs. Douglas’s advice, old people ________.A．had better improve their hearing in order to understand the youngB．should learn a lot from youngsters, teenagers, or young adultsC．should show respect for the young when criticizing themD．should understand the young and have respect for them23. Aquatic art protects sea lifeA fisherman has built an undersea museum to try to stop illegal and harmful trawling（拖网捕鱼）in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Italy.Bottom trawling is a form of fishing in which nets are weighted with chains and dragged across the seabed. It can sweep up any sea life in their way and destroy delicate habitats. Although it is illegal within three miles of the Italian coast, it can be an easy way for fisherman to make money.Paolo Fanciulli has fished the water off Tuscany in northwest Italy ever since he was the age of 13. He has been campaigning against trawling ever since he first began noticing its harmful effects in the 1980s. In 2006, the local government dropped blocks onto the seabed to stop trawling nets in their tracks. However, they were too far apart and the nets passed between them.Fanciulli, however, did not give up. He asked a local marble quarry（采石场）to donate two large stone blocks. When he was offered 100 instead, he appealed to artists around the world to help turn them into sculptures. The blocks have now been dropped in a large circle to form an underwater art museum that can be visited by divers. There are now hopeful signs of marine regeneration（再生）in the area. Meanwhile, the numbers of sea creatures in the area such as turtles and dolphins have also been on the rise.1. An undersea museum has been built to ________.A．provide a place for visitorsB．protect fishermen in ItalyC．stop illegal fishing to protect sea lifeD．make the coast of Italy more beautiful2. The second paragraph mainly talks about ________.A．the history of bottom trawlingB．advantages of bottom trawlingC．different opinions on bottom trawlingD．general information about bottom trawling3. According to paragraph 3, the government’s block-dropping method was ________.A．harmful B．effective C．beneficial D．unsuccessful 4. The underlined phrase “appealed to” in the third paragraph most nearly means ________.A．resulted in B．called for C．brought about D．presented with 5. What can we learn about Fanciulli, according to paragraph 3 and 4?A．Fanciulli made money from stone blocks.B．Fanciulli turned large stone blocks into sculptures.C．Fanciulli’s efforts to build the museum have brought benefits to sea creatures.D．Fanciulli learned about the harmful effects of trawling while he was building the museum.24. Some of you may play Ant Forest. It is a game on Alipay. Users collect “energy” to make their “trees” grow. When the “energy” reaches a certain level, some organizations and companies will plant a real tree in a desert area of China. And now it seems that the nation’s efforts as a whole to make a greener world have paid off.According to a study by NASA and published in the journal Nature Sustainability in February, China and India are mainly responsible for making the Earth greener over the past two decades. The study has found that since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers. That’s an area equivalent to the total area of the Amazon rainforest. It is mainly the result of big tree planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries, according to NASA. “China and India account for one third of the increased greening but contain only 9 percent of the planets land area covered in vegetation.” Chi Chen, the study’s lead author and a researcher at Boston University, US, told CNN. China was the major contributor, adding 25 percent to this increase, while India added 6.8 percent.Over the past decades, China has made great efforts to green the land. In 1978, China began a national-level forestation project—the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Program, also known as the “Great Green Wall”. The program has seen many trees planted in 13 provinces and autonomous regions in northern China to act as windbreaks, according to China Daily. By the end of 2017, the forest coverage rate among the regions of the project had reached 13.57 percent, compared to 5.05 percent 40 years ago.For example, Kubuqi Desert, which is near the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia, is the seventh largest in the country. It was once the source of sandstorms in Beijing. But thanks to forestation efforts, about one third of the Kubuqi Desert is now covered with trees and shrubs, and sandstorms are less common, reported Xinhua News Agency.In the ligh t of China’s success in dealing with desertification, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) believes China is a good example for others to follow. “China is one of the most successful countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with t he world.” UNEP Executive Director Erik Solheim told Xinhua.1. When the users of Ant Forest collect enough “energy”, ________.A．a tree can be planted in the gameB．they can go to the desert and plant a treeC．a tree in the desert will be named after themD．an organization or a company will plant a tree in a desert2. According to NASA, ________.A．China contributes more to the increased greening than IndiaB．the area covered in vegetation contains 9 percent of the planets landC．the increase in greening is the result of big tree-planting programs in IndiaD．China and India helped the Amazon rainforest become greener3. What does the word “it” (Para.2) refer to?A．The area is equivalent to the total area of the Amazon rainforest.B．Since 2000 the Earth’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 5 million square kilometers.C．China and India are mainly responsible for making the Earth greener one the past two decades.D．Big tree-planting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.4. What can be known about the “Great Green Wall”?A．It was a project led by the 13 provincial governments.B．This project started in 1978 and completed in 2017.C．Trees were planted to provide protection from the wind.D．The forest coverage rate of China increased about 8.5%.5. Why does the author write this article?A．To suggest that other countries learn from China’s actions.B．To call for more efforts to make the Earth greener.C．To state that China has been playing a leading role to increase green land.D．To prove that the green leaf area on the Earth has been decreasing rapidly in recent years.25. More than 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous Period（白垩纪）, many species died off during a global disaster often called the K-Pg extinction. The end of the Cretaceous Periodsaw some very big changes in Earth’s oceans and on its lands. It wiped out up to 80% of all animal species, including the dinosaurs. But 20% of the animals that were alive with the dinosaurs did survive. What were these amazing animals? How and why did they survive while so many others disappeared forever? Behold the survivors of the K-Pg mass extinction.Spider （Arachnid）The earliest web-spinning arachnids （蛛形纲动物）produced silk from their abdomens about 386 million years ago. These ancient arachnids are closely related to today’s spiders. The original function of spider webs was probably to wrap eggs in a protective covering. Later, spiders evolved to use their silk to spin webs for catching prey. This ingenious invention helped them save energy while hunting and made it easier for them to survive.Dragonflies （Meganeura巨脉蜻蜓）Today these flying insects have wings with a span of about 6 inches. But the earliest dragonflies used to grow to huge sizes 325 million years ago. The Meganeura dragonfly had a wingspan of almost 27 inches and would have dwarfed the largest modern dragonfly. In the oxygen-rich swamp environment of the Cretaceous, their large size helped Meganeura to absorb needed oxygen. But after the K-Pg extinction, the air and water contained less oxygen. Dragonflies adapted to their new environment by becoming smaller.Crocodile （Sarcosuchus帝王鳄）The largest Sarcosuchus from the Cretaceous was 39 feet long. This is three times longer than the biggest modern crocodile. Crocodiles are predators and have probably hunted in much the same way for the past 225 million years. They have survived all this time by matching their relatively small size with their extremely powerful jaws that produce a great biting force.Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. When did the K-Pg extinction happen?_________________________________________________________________________2. How did spiders survive?_________________________________________________________________________3. What were Meganeura’s large-sized wings used for?_________________________________________________________________________4. Dragonflies didn’t become smaller to adapt to the new environment, did they?_________________________________________________________________________5. Compared with crocodiles today, did crocodiles 225 millions ago hunt differently or similarly?_________________________________________________________________________26.compete reduce protect various sciencerecommend annually whale value creationThe definition of 1 in the dictionary is “the practice or industry of hunting and killing whales for their oil, meat, or whalebone.” This industry has greatly increased in the past century, making it a highly 2 business and slowly making the whales a dying species.People hunt whales because every part of the whale is useful. Meat, skin, blubber, and organs contain a 3 of nutrients, such as protein, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Whale oil and baleen (sometimes called whalebone, although it’s not bone at all) are also 4 . Technological developments since the mid-nineteenth century have increased their kill. For example, the steamboat and floating factory ships are responsible for bringing about a dramatic 5 in whale population.Countries all over the world have been paying more and more attention to the 6 of whale populations. Lots of efforts have been made to protect whales.The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was 7 in 1946 to protect these creatures. The IWC encourages, funds whale research and publishes the results of these and other 8 research. The IWC has three committees (委员会) to assist it in performing these functions. The Scientific Committee analyzes data on whales and makes its 9 to the Technical Committee. The Technical Committee drafts rules for consideration by the IWC at its 10 meetings. The Finance and Administration Committee oversees the entire IWC.27. Something really annoying 1 (happen) when I was going to the concert last Saturday. I 2 (ride) my bicycle along the street when I saw a woman 3 (stand) on the pavement outside one of the boutique shops. She 4 (carry) lots of shopping bags. I had just passed the crossing when she suddenly 5 (step) into the road without 6 (look). I didn’t hit her, but I fell off my bicycle. It’s a good thing I was wearing my helmet, so I wasn’t badly hurt! I expected her 7 (apologize), but she just turned away and left without a word! I kept telling myself 8 (not be) mad at her and since my bicycle was broken, I had to have it 9 (repair).Then I caught a bus to the concert and it seemed 10 (take) hours! Eventually I made it to the concert in time and was able to play my saxophone with my friends!28. The result of the experiment surprised all the scientists on the scene.All the scientists on the scene _____ see the result of the experiment.29. She paid a fine of 200 yuan for parking in a wrong place.She _____ 200 yuan _____ parking in a wrong place.30. The boy realized the importance of revision when he failed the exam.The boy _____ the importance of revision _____ he failed the exam.31. Your opinions always affect my decision greatly.Your opinions always _____ my decision.32. Native American tribes in the western plains began to use horses around 1600. (改为被动语态) ________________________________________________________________________33. For many residents of northern China, air q 1 is one of the top concerns when winter approaches. On Nov 23, haze shrouded Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Local authorities issued an orange alert for heavyair pollution. Ifs not the first time the province has issued alerts this year.According to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, burning coal for heat is the major reason for high levels of PM2.5—fine particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter—in winter, which is about twice that of other seasons. Meanwhile, unfavorable weather this year has brought other negative impact. “Higher temperatures and less r 2 since September have increased ozone density (臭氧密度) and made pollutants harder to disappear.” said a spokesman of the ministry.To stop pollution from getting worse, an action plan has been released. The goal is to reduce PM2.5 density in major cities this winter. This year’s plan sets higher goals than p 3 years. The average density of PM2.5 in Beijing—Tianjin—Hebei region should drop by 4 percent this winter until March 31,2022, China Daily reported. Last year5s goal was 3 percent. Also, the number of days with s 4 pollution should fall by 6 percent.China has worked to improve the environment. Solid efforts have been made in fighting pollution. Taking Beijing as an example, the average concentration (浓度)of PM2.5 dropped to 23 micrograms per cubic meter in Beijing in August. Beijing’s campaign against air pollution has also been listed as a study case to offer experience to cities in d 5 countries. Lessons shared from China’s e xperiences are “worth considering” in India, whose capital, New Delhi, has suffered from extreme air pollution recently.34. 在即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会之前，这位年轻的滑雪运动员就被期待争夺金牌了。

Investigating the properties of lightwavesLight is a form of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye. It has been studied extensively by scientists for centuries, but many of its properties are still not fully understood. In this article, we will explore some of the key properties of light waves and how they are investigated.Wavelength and FrequencyOne of the most fundamental properties of light waves is their wavelength, which refers to the distance between peaks in the wave. The wavelength of light determines its color, with longer wavelengths appearing as red and shorter wavelengths appearing as blue.Another important property of light waves is their frequency, which is the number of peaks that pass a given point in a given amount of time. Frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), with one hertz equal to one wave crest per second. The frequency of light is directly related to its energy, with higher frequencies corresponding to higher energies.Measurement TechniquesIn order to study the properties of light waves, scientists often use a variety of measurement techniques. One commonly used method is spectroscopy, which involves analyzing the wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by a particular substance. This can provide valuable information about the chemical makeup of the substance and how it interacts with light.Another technique is interferometry, which involves combining multiple sources of light waves to create interference patterns. This can be used to measure very small changes in distance or to create highly precise measurements of wavelength or frequency.ApplicationsThe properties of light waves have a wide range of applications in science and technology. For example, the colors of light are crucial for understanding the behavior of chemical compounds, as well as for designing and testing new photonic materials and devices.Light waves are also used extensively in communications technology, with high-frequency waves such as radio waves and microwaves being used for things like Wi-Fi signals and cell phone transmissions. In addition, scientists are actively exploring the potential of using lower-frequency waves like infrared and terahertz radiation for a wide range of applications, from imaging and sensing to biomedical research and cancer treatment.ConclusionIn conclusion, the properties of light waves are incredibly complex and diverse, with a wide range of applications in science and technology. Studying these properties requires sophisticated measurement techniques and a deep understanding of the underlying physics, but the potential benefits are vast. Whether we are exploring the outer reaches of the cosmos or designing new forms of communication technology, light waves will continue to play a crucial role in shaping our world.。

Trees play a crucial role in our ecosystem,and one of their most significant contributions is the production of oxygen,which is essential for the survival of life on Earth.Heres a detailed English composition on how trees can create air.The Oxygen Producers:The Role of Trees in Air ProductionIn the vast expanse of our planet,trees stand tall as guardians of the environment, performing a myriad of functions that sustain life.One of their most vital roles is the production of air,specifically oxygen,which is the lifeblood of all aerobic organisms. This essay will delve into the process by which trees generate air and the importance of this natural phenomenon.The Process of PhotosynthesisAt the heart of air production by trees lies the process of photosynthesis.This is a biochemical reaction that occurs within the chlorophyllcontaining cells of tree leaves. During photosynthesis,trees absorb carbon dioxide CO2from the atmosphere and,using sunlight as an energy source,convert it into glucose,a form of sugar that the tree uses for energy and growth.As a byproduct of this process,oxygen O2is released into the air.The Significance of Oxygen ReleaseThe release of oxygen is not just a byproduct it is a critical component of Earths atmosphere.Oxygen is necessary for the respiration of animals,including humans,who inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.This creates a symbiotic relationship between trees and animals,often referred to as the carbon cycle.Trees effectively clean the air by removing CO2,a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming,and replenish it with oxygen,which is vital for life.The Quantity of Oxygen ProducedIt is estimated that a mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as ten people inhale in a year.Forests,therefore,are vast oxygen factories,contributing significantly to the air quality of our planet.The oxygen they produce not only supports wildlife but also helps to maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere,which is essential for the Earths climate system.The Impact of DeforestationDeforestation,the largescale removal of trees,has a detrimental effect on the production of air.When trees are cut down,not only is the immediate source of oxygen lost,but the carbon stored in the trees is released back into the atmosphere as CO2,exacerbating climate change.This highlights the importance of tree conservation and reforestation efforts to maintain the health of our planet.The Role of Individuals and CommunitiesIndividuals and communities can contribute to the production of air by planting and nurturing trees.Urban green spaces,community gardens,and individual backyards can all host trees that contribute to local oxygen levels.Moreover,supporting policies and initiatives that protect existing forests and promote afforestation can have a broader impact on air production.ConclusionIn conclusion,trees are not just passive components of the landscape they are active participants in the cycle of life,providing us with the air we breathe.Understanding the process of photosynthesis and the importance of trees in air production can inspire us to take action to protect and expand our forests.By doing so,we ensure not only the health of our environment but also the survival of countless species,including our own.This composition aims to highlight the critical role trees play in producing air and the importance of preserving and expanding our forests for the health of our planet and its inhabitants.。

The Impact of Light PollutionLight pollution is a growing concern in our modern world, and it refers to the excessive and inappropriate use of artificial light at night. It is a problem that affects both humans and wildlife, and its impact can be seen in various aspects of our lives. The effects of light pollution are far-reaching, and it is essential to understand the problem and its consequences to address it effectively.One significant impact of light pollution is on human health. Exposure to artificial light at night has been linked to several health issues, including sleep disorders, depression, and obesity. The human body has an internal clock that regulates sleep and other physiological functions, and exposure to artificial light can disrupt this clock, leading to sleep disturbances. Moreover, the blue light emitted by electronic devices can interfere with the production of the hormone melatonin, which is essential for sleep. Therefore, light pollution can have a significant impact on the quality of life of individuals, affecting their physical and mental health.Another significant impact of light pollution is on the environment. Artificial light can disrupt the natural cycles of wildlife, affecting their behavior and health. For example, sea turtles use the moonlight to navigate when they hatch and return to the sea. However, the presence of artificial light can disorient them, leading them away from the sea and increasing their mortality rate. Similarly, birds use the stars to navigate during migration, and artificial light can cause them to become disoriented, leading to collisions with buildings and other structures. Therefore, light pollution can have a severe impact on the natural world, affecting the survival of various species.Moreover, light pollution has economic implications. The excessive use of artificial light at night leads to the wastage of energy, resulting in higher energy bills and carbon emissions. It is estimated that the United States alone spends over $2 billion annually on unnecessary lighting. Moreover, light pollution can affect the tourism industry, as it can make it difficult to view the night sky, reducing the appeal of stargazing activities. Therefore, addressing light pollution can have significant economic benefits, reducing energy costs and promoting sustainable tourism.Furthermore, light pollution can affect the safety and security of individuals. Excessive lighting can create glare, reducing visibility and increasing the risk of accidents. Moreover, it can create shadows, providing hiding spots for criminals. Therefore, it is essential to balance the need for lighting with the need for safety and security, ensuring that lighting is appropriate and effective.In conclusion, light pollution is a growing concern that affects various aspects of our lives. It can have a significant impact on human health, the environment, the economy, and safety. Therefore, it is essential to address the problem effectively, promoting sustainable lighting practices that balance the need for lighting with the need for darkness. By doing so, we can create a healthier, safer, and more sustainable world for ourselves and future generations.。

Unit 2 Working the land一、背单词与词块(一)背阅读单词——会认就行(背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义)1．statistic n．数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的3．super adj. 特级的；超级的4．output n. 产量；输出5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格9．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的n. 化学物质10．organic adj. 有机的；器官的；组织的11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥13．bacteria n. 细菌14．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟15．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石17．skim vt. 浏览；略读18．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调(二)背重点单词——写对才行1．struggle vi.& n. 斗争；拼搏；努力2．decade n. 十年；十年期3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量4．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展5．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗6．rid vt. 摆脱；除去7．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而8．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔9．production n. 生产；制造10．focus n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦11．soil n. 土壤12．reduce vt. 减少；减缩13．root n. 根；根源14．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要15．comment n. 评论；议论vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论(三)背拓展单词——用准才行1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的2．export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词) 输入；进口3．discover vt.发现；发觉→discovery n．发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者4．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.困惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑6．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的→nationality n．国籍7．disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的8．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主[语境活用]1．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)2．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)3．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)4．Madam Curie discovered Radium, and many scientists were surprised at her discovery at that time.(discover)5．Women have gained the freedom to decide whether to marry or not, and they are free to choose their jobs at present.(free)6．Owing to the great hunger，a great number of hungry children died.(hungry)(四)背高频单词——先“记牢”再“用活”，不背绝对不行1．struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎3．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜；可惜；后悔n.遗憾；懊悔5．focus n．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦Ⅰ单元短语再认再现 1．rid ...of使……摆脱或除去 2．be satisfied with对……感到满意 3．would rather宁愿；宁可 4．build up逐渐增强；建立；开发 5．be rich in盛产 6．thanks to幸亏；由于；因为 7．lead to导致；造成(后果) 8．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于 9．keep ...free from/of使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物) 10．in addition另外 Ⅱ重点短语拓展用活1．build up 逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；开发；积累；创办2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……(一)背写作佳句——多“输入”才能巧“输出”Ⅰ教材内句式举一反三1．If so, what did you do to grow them？(if引导条件状语从句的省略形式)如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植它们？rice that has a high output.(the first/last/best ...＋n.＋to do sth.) 1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。

Lightpollution(Light pollution) According to recent study,well-lit streets do not deter crimes or make neighbourhoods safer to live in. Inefficient lighting increases air pollution because most electricity is produced from coal,gas or oil. Efficient lights block light from going into areas where it is not needed. In dealing with light pollution education is at least as important as passing new laws.One group of scientists find their observations are made more difficult by bright lights. YIt is expensive to reduce light pollution. NMany countries are now making light pollution illegal. NGOld types of lights often cause more pollution than more modern ones. Y(Television) characteristics :loss of control over time/ reduced intellectual performance/ discomfort when attempting to give up One purpose of the research is to help people to manage their lives better. YWatching television has reduced the amount of time people spend sleeping NGPeople’s brains show less activity while watching televvision than when reading. YThere is a relationship between the length of time spent watching TV and economic status. NG Pleasure increases in proportion to the length of time spent watching TV. FBefore watching TV : higher levels of concentration While :reduced anxiety and stressAfter:increased fatgue Both:less mental activity/worry about time wastedArteries to main muscles become narrower. Brain waves stopped momentarily. Blood supply to the head increased. Heart rate reduced. Body becomes more relaxed.(Life without death)Scientific predictions about how much is will be possible to lengthen human life vary greatly. Y Research into extending life involves both new drugs and changes to genes. YScientific experiments have not succeeded in making any animals live longer. NMost people in the future will decide not to have children. NGLife expectancy has improved partly because people eat better YEukarion-------Using drugs to treat the diseases of old age is only the beginningRich Miller------There is no scientific proof that any drug can prolong human life expectancy David Gems-----Increases in longevity may cause unwelcome changes in societyJohn Polkinghorne-----Past experience shows that people do not lose interest in life as a result of living longer. Characteristics of free radicals----They are a partial cause of certain diseases. They harm our body chemistry.In one experiment using anti-ageing chemicals,the life of eanthnorms extended by half. Genes like the ones which control the ageing process in these animals have also been found in other species.Unfortunately,however,experiments on mice have been less successful:while they live longer,the homones controlling their growth are also affected with the result that they grow less. (on the move) Until the early 19th century the majority of migrants to North America were slaves.However,in the second half of the 19th century,growing prosperity and cheaper travel meant that more people could afford to emigrate voluntarily.At the beginning of the 20th century,immigrants to reveibing countries found jobs as unskilled workers in factories and on farms.After the second world war there was a great increase in emigrants from developingcountries.Nowadays,receiving countries generally prefer immigrants with skills.Pressure to migrate is increasing now because (C)people generally earn more.Lower incomes for unskilled workers in receiving coutries have (B)led to protests about immigration.Effects are mentioned : A it is more difficult for illegal immigrants to integrate. C More unskilled workers immigrate illegally.D unskilled workers immigrate illegally.Reasons mentioned in the passage : B Immigration in greater numbers is ineviable .C it would ease population pressures in poor countries.(Mapping indigenous communities) Nowadays maps are a more effctive way of protecting native lands than guns.Moreover,because affordable is available it has becom possible fo small communities to make their own maps with help from outside experts. On official maps ,native territory is often shown to be uninhabited or its frontiers are not clearly deifned. Maps showing definite boundaries can help to protect indigenous areas from outside exploitation.Also,map-making can alter the inhabitants’ deifne of their identity,their land and their culture.Peru ----Every indigenous village in the region will be representedBolivia---People from the local community were responsible for gathering he basic information Panama---The mapping received official support from the startHonduras----Communities have become more aware of their culture as a result of mapping. Village censuses are carried out before drawing rough mapsLarge-scale maps are made by cartographers using sketch maps and army maps.These maps are then shown to villagers for feedback and correction.Meanwhile exact locations are confirmed by professional map-makers.Lastly,regional and zone maps are issued.Mentioned as uses of folkloric maps: they enable communities to remember their past/ They help people in the area to unite politically /They show where local people carry out various activities.。

**Fighting Light Pollution**In the midst of the modern world's illuminated landscape, light pollution has stealthily emerged as a silent intruder, veiling the beauty of the night sky and disrupting the delicate balance of nature and human life.Light pollution is not merely an aesthetic issue; it is a matter of profound significance that extends far beyond the simple dimming of stars. Consider the ancient wisdom that "Not all that glitters is gold," which aptly applies to the excessive and unregulated artificial lighting that plagues our nights.One of the major consequences of light pollution is its adverse impact on wildlife. Nocturnal creatures, whose natural rhythms are attuned to the darkness, find their behaviors and survival patterns disrupted. For example, migratory birds, guided by the stars, can become disoriented by the glow of urban lights, leading them off course and endangering their journey. Sea turtle hatchlings, instinctively drawn to the moon's reflection on the ocean, are often confused by beachfront lights and stray towards inland, where their chances of survival are greatly diminished.Light pollution also has implications for human health. Disrupted sleep patterns due to excessive light at night can lead to a host of problems, including increased stress, fatigue, and weakened immune systems. The constant exposure to artificial light at night interferes with our body's natural production of melatonin, a hormone crucial for regulating sleep and overall well-being.To combat light pollution, several measures can be implemented. Smart lighting systems that dim or turn off when not needed can significantly reduce unnecessary light emissions. Shielding lights to direct the beam downward, rather than allowing it to spill upwards and sideways, can minimize the impact on the sky. For instance, in some cities, streetlights have been retrofitted with shields, reducing light pollution while maintaining adequate illumination for safety.Public awareness campaigns are essential in this fight. Educating people about the effects of light pollution and encouraging them to take simple steps, such as using curtains or dimming unnecessary lights at night, can collectively make a substantial difference.In conclusion, the battle against light pollution is not only aboutrestoring the beauty of the night sky but also about safeguarding the well-being of both wildlife and humanity. It requires a collective effort and a change in our perception of light. Let us strive to reclaim the darkness and allow the stars to shine once again, for a more harmonious coexistence with nature and a healthier life for all.。

the effects of light on plant 雅思阅读The effects of light on plants are significant and play a crucial role in their growth and development. Here are some key effects of light on plants:1. Photosynthesis: Light is essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Chlorophyll, the pigment responsible for capturing light, absorbs different wavelengths of light, primarily in the red and blue regions of the spectrum. This enables plants to make glucose, which provides them with energy for growth.2. Growth and development: Light intensity, duration, and quality have a direct impact on plant growth and development. Insufficient light can lead to stunted growth, weakened stems, and poor overall plant health. Some plants require specific light conditions, such as short-day or long-day plants, which determine the plant's flowering and fruiting.3. Phototropism: Light also influences the direction of plant growth. Phototropism is the movement or bending of plant parts towards or away from a light source. This response allows plants to maximize their exposure to light for optimal photosynthesis.4. Coloration: Light intensity and quality affect the coloration of plants. For instance, plants grown in lower light conditions often have darker green leaves, as they produce more chlorophyll to capture available light. Similarly, certain plants require exposure to specific light wavelengths, such as ultraviolet light, to produce vibrant flower colors.5. Circadian Rhythms: Light also plays a role in regulating plant circadian rhythms. These internal biological clocks influence various physiological processes like photosynthesis, leaf movement, and flowering. Light is the primary cue that synchronizes these rhythms, helping plants adapt to day and night cycles.It is important to note that the specific light requirements of plants can vary significantly depending on the species and their natural habitat. Therefore, providing the appropriate light conditions for each plant is crucial for their overall health and productivity.。

colorfullight题Colorful Light is a brand-new lighting technology that aims to revolutionize the way we use light in our daily lives. This innovative technology involves the integration of LED lights with advanced color-changing capabilities, giving users the ability to customize the color and intensity of light in any space.One of the key features of Colorful Light is its ability to create different moods and atmospheres. With just a few taps on a smartphone app, users can adjust the color and brightness of the lights to match their desired ambiance. Whether it's a cozy warm glow for a romantic dinner or a vibrant colorful display for a party, Colorful Light provides endless possibilities for creating the perfect lighting experience. Another advantage of Colorful Light is its energy efficiency. LED lights are already known for being highly energy-efficient, and by incorporating color-changing capabilities, Colorful Light takes it a step further. Users can choose to have the lights automatically adjust their color and intensity based on the time of day or their specific needs, ensuring that energy is not wasted when it is not needed.Colorful Light is not just limited to residential orcommercial spaces. It can also be applied in outdoor settings, such as parks or gardens, to create stunning visual displays. Imagine walking through a garden illuminated with a symphony of colors, enhancing the natural beauty of the surroundings and creating a magical atmosphere.Furthermore, Colorful Light has the potential to benefit individuals with certain health conditions. Research has shown that exposure to specific colors of light can have a positive impact on mood and well-being. For example, blue light has been found to help increase alertness and focus, while warm colors like red or orange can promote relaxation and calmness. By having the ability to adjust the color of light according to individual needs, Colorful Light can potentially improve the quality of life for those suffering from conditions such as insomnia or seasonal affective disorder.In conclusion, Colorful Light offers a truly transformative lighting experience. With its advancedcolor-changing capabilities, energy efficiency, and potential health benefits, this technology has the power to revolutionize the way we use light in our daily lives. Whether it's creating the perfect ambiance, enhancing outdoor spaces, or improving well-being, Colorful Light is set to brighten up our world inmore ways than one.。