上海第二医科大学教案本次课的重点、难点及对策：重点：牙釉质的理化结构和解剖特点釉柱结构各有机物较为集中处的形态特点和形成原因难点及对策釉柱结构对策：结合牙齿的解剖特点讲解釉柱在牙齿中的走行及结构特征，增加幻灯片的量，使同学能从三维空间上理解釉柱是如何构成牙釉质的。
牙釉质有机质相对集中处对策：由于有机质相对集中处有数种不同结构，容易混淆，所以讲解时注意强调各种结构的特点，对各种结构进行比较分析，并结合牙釉质的基本结构、以及各种有机质相对集中处的形成机制讲解，使同学在理解的基础上进行记忆本次课应用的教材教具参考书：教材：全国高等医药院校教材《口腔组织病理学》第5版教具：薄膜，幻灯参考书：1．Somoas J。
Et al。
Oral Pathology。
19972．Avery Jk。
Oral Development and Histology。
1987上海第二医科大学教案本次课的重点、难点及对策：重点牙本质的组织学特点、增龄及反应性变化牙骨质的组织学结构特点难点及对策１．牙本质细胞间质的组织结构对策：牙本质细胞间质的结构有多种，初学者不易辨明，讲解时注重从它们的不同部位、矿化程度将他们区别开来。
２．牙本质的增龄及反应性变化对策：牙本质的增龄及反应性变化也有多种，重点要强调何为增龄性变化、何为反应性变化，并结合其各自的形成机制进行讲解。
３．牙骨质的组织学结构对策：细胞性、无细胞性牙骨质的部位不易记忆，讲解时给学生画一张模式图，将大大降低记忆的难度。
本次课应用的教材教具参考书：教材：全国高等医药院校教材《口腔组织病理学》第5版教具：薄膜，幻灯参考书：Somoas al. Oral Pathology. 1997Avery Jk . Oral Development and Histology. 1987上海第二医科大学教案主要教学内容及时间分配：1st Class Hour1.IntroductionThe periodontium include three/four supporting structures and different structure has different function:1)The gingiva2)The periodontal ligament3)The alveolar process4)The cementum(introduced in Chapter 3rd)2.ObjectiveDescribe the histologic structures and function of periodontal tissues 3.Gingiva1)IntroductionThe position, color, dividing line of gingiva2)Surface Anatomya)The free gingiva: boundaries & gingival sulcusb)The attached gingiva: position & stipplesc)Interdental papilla: position, shape & the gingival col3)Histologic Structurea)The surface epitheliumThe common featureThe unique feature of different areas: the sulcular epithelium,the col, and the junctional epithelium(the key point is thejunctional epithelium, including the definition, the featuresof histological structure and aging changes)b)Lamina propriaThe gingiva fibers: dentogingival, alveologingival, circular,dentoperiosteal, and transseptal(direction and function)Cells of gingiva: fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes andplasma cellsVascularity and Nerves: highly vascular, well innervated4.Periodontal Ligament1)Introduction: position, thickness, the collagen fiber bundles, highlycellular, rich nerve and blood supply2)Histological Structure: fibers, cells, and stromaa)FibersPrincipal fibers: the alveolar crest, the horizontal, theoblique fibers, the apical fibers, theinterradicular(direction and function)2nd Class HourSharpey`s fibers: the embedded portions of principal fibers(definition and function)Space fibers: loose connective tissue between the principalfiber bundles(function)Oxytalan fibers: fine, part of the support system of theprincipal fibers(potential function)b)Cells: fibroblasts, osteoblasts, cementoblasts, osteoclasts,epithelial rests, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (shape andfunction)c)Cementicles(position and shape)d)The blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves3)Functions: supportive, sensory, nutritive and formative (respondingtissue)5.Alveolar Bone1)Introduction: the positions, the definitions of alveolar bone,alveolar socket, alveolar crest and alveolar septa2)Histological Structurea)Alveolar bone proper: the position, the definitions of bundle bone,cribriform plate and lamina dura, longitudinal lamellae andHaversian systemb)Compact bone: the position, longitudinal lamellae and Haversiansystemc)Spongy bone: the position, trabeculae and marrow tissues3)Biologya)The side of pressure: Howship’s lacunae and osteoclastsb)The side of tension: new bone and osteoblasts4)Aging Changes6.Summary上海第二医科大学教案上海第二医科大学教案课程名称口腔组织病理学第5次课2006年9月27日本次的重点、难点及对策：重点：面部的发育过程及发育异常腭的发育过程及发育异常舌的发育过程发育异常难点及对策：腮弓、神经嵴的概念对策：充分利用模型和多媒体图片，将胚胎头部的表面解剖讲解清楚。
