成都理工大学测控技术与仪器专业英语2020年考试试题(含答案)

2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）英语本试题分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）。

第I卷1至8页，第II 卷9至10页，共10页。

考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题共90分）注意事项：1. 必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所先答案对应的标号涂黑。

2. 第I卷共两部分，共计90分。

第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，共40分）第一节单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1.—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow. —_______.A. I really envy youB. Glad to hear thatC. Sounds greatD. Take it easy【答案】D2.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than______ on the small ones.A. oneB. thisC. thatD. it【答案】C3.Hurry up, kids! The school bus _____ for us!A. waitsB. was waitingC. waitedD. is waiting 【答案】D4. Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.A. orB. andC. butD. so【答案】B5. —Why are your eyes so red? You _______ have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. won’t【答案】A6. ______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.A. WhenB. HowC. WhatD. That【答案】C7.He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to.A. even ifB. as ifC. becauseD. before【答案】A8. _______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not【答案】A9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where【答案】D10. The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being completedB. to be completedC. completedD. having been completed【答案】B第二节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

·5·UNIT 2 发电和输变电参考译文2.1 电磁感应如将一根导电棒通过磁场，每个自由电子由于通过磁场的运动产生一个力。

如运动的方向使作用在电子上的部分力平行于导体，电子将沿着导体运动。

电子的运动直到它受到由于导体切割磁场运动的力和静电力平衡为止。

这种静电力是因为电子聚集在导体的一端，而另一端缺少电子而引起的。

当运动持续进行时，在导体中形成的这样一个电场，使得导体两端之间存在一个电位差。

一旦运动停止，静电力将导致电子返回其正常分布。

从磁感应强度（磁通密度）B 的定义看，在电荷q 通过磁场的运动中，电荷所受到的力由方程（2-1）得到，q sin Bqv F = （2-1）式中，力F 和由电磁场方向确定的平面垂直，vsinθ是垂直于磁场方向的速度分量，B 的单位是韦伯/米2（webers/m 2），q 的单位是库仑，v 的单位是米/秒（meters/sec ），F 的单位是牛顿。

由这个力产生的电场强度E ，即每单位正电荷受力的大小和方向。

电场强度等于负的沿导体的电势梯度。

在动生电动势（emf ）中，电荷被认为是负的，这样等式（2-2）成立þýü=-=-=-=q e e q sin /sin )/(Blv lBv q F E （2-2）这里，l 是导体垂直于磁场方向的长度，电动势ε的单位是伏。

不论电路是否有闭合，导体通过磁场时，这个电动势总是存在的。

只有当电路闭合，并且电路的其余部分不以和导体运动完全相同的方式通过磁场时，电流才会建立。

例如，导体沿着连接在一起静止轨道滑行，闭环电路中会出现电流。

但是，如果在导体的两端和一根导线连接，导线和导体一起移动并通过磁场，导线中也会感应出一个与导体中大小相等的、和电路中现有的反向的电动势。

2.2 单相和三相交流电单相交流电压是由单相交流发电机产生或它可以通过三相交流电的两根电力线获得。

单相交流电有一根火线，一根中线。

电大《理工英语4》机考试题及参考答案（第一套）交际用语（共5题，共10分)1.——Good morning,welcome to our booth.What can I do for you?——A.It's very nice of you.B. I can do it by myself.C.I'm looking for a present.2.——This apple pie is too sweet,don't you think so?——I think it's just right,actually.A.Not really.B.I hope so.C.Sounds good.3.——Let's go to this movie and see what exciting experience it will bring to us. ——A.Can't wait to watch it.B.You are such a great fan.C.I am more interested in the film director.4.——I wonder if I could use your tablet tonight?——I'm not using I tright now.A.Itdoesn'tmatter.B.No,thankyou.C.Sure,hereyouare.5.——Would you mind turning up the music?——Dad is slesping now.A.OK,I'll do it.B.Sorry,I can't do it.C.No,not at all.词汇与结构（共15题，共30分)1. Modern Meadow is a startup that engineers tissues to create lab-grown _____ meat.A. edibleB. editableC. edify2. The speed with which digital cameras can take, process and _______ an image is phenomenal.a. transmitb. transactc. translate3. It is known to all that a lot of South Korean ____ accepted plastic surgery.a. celebrationsb. celebritiesc. celebrates4. He ______ his baggage among hundreds of others.A. awareB. identifiedC. conscious of5.Success can breed success,if you it.A.take care ofB.take charge ofC.take advantage of6. They should never try to pursue profithealth and life of people.A. in terms ofB. at sight ofC. at the expense of7.______ thinking is the heart of the artistic design.A. CreativeB. StrictC. Hateful8. When we were students we often stay up all night.A. willB. wouldC. should9. It is _______ an interesting story that I want to read it again.A. soB. suchC. many10. The problem is uneven distribution,870 million suffering from hunger.A. leftB. to leaveC. leaving11. She’s been interested in computer science ____ she was eight.A. sinceB. beforeC. ago12. She is ______ tall as you are.A. notB. soC. as13.This 3D printer to produce snacks.A.was designedB.designedC.was designing14. ______no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were thereB. If there areC. If there have been15. people are no longer worried about whether their food is safe or not theyenjoy a better life.A. Only if……canB. If only ……canC. What if……can阅读理解（共2题，共40分）第一题：1.Baidu is China's leading search engine company.（T）2.Baidu launched a product that has more functions than Google Glasson September3.（F）3.Baidu Eyecanscan objects with its small screen.（F）4.The company’s CEO Robin Li believes thatpeople will get used to searching by text.（F）5. Baidu has already announced the release of Baidu Eye.（F）第二题：1.Exhaust from cars is .A.harmlessB.pollutiveC.not serious2.In the author's view,it is to make carsbe friendly to environment.A.impossibleB.feasibleC.hopeful3. will be them ajorvictimsinthecaraccident.AWalkersB.ChildrenC.Car-drivers4.Cars caused some social problems EXCEPT .A.obesityB.a quick temperC.employment5.Which of the following is NOTTRUE as to handling car problems?A.Reducing the number of cars.ing a car in the restricted area.C.Finding alternative fuels.主观题作文（共1题，共20分)Please write a product description according to the given information.请根据所给信息写一份产品说明。

理工英文考试题及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of physics and materials science for the design, analysis, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems.A. TrueB. False答案解析： A. True. 机械工程是指应用物理和材料科学来设计、分析、制造和维护机械系统。

2. Which of the following is not a type of renewable energy?A. SolarB. WindC. NuclearD. Hydro答案解析： C. Nuclear. 核能不是可再生能源的一种，因为它依赖于有限的铀或其他放射性元素。

3. In computer science, what does "API" stand for?A. Automated Programming InterfaceB. Application Programming InterfaceC. Advanced Programming InterfaceD. Artificial Programming Interface答案解析： B. Application Programming Interface. API 是应用程序编程接口的缩写。

4. The formula for calculating the area of a circle is A = πr², where "r" represents:A. The diameter of the circleB. The circumference of the circleC. The radius of the circleD. The area of the circle答案解析： C. The radius of the circle. 圆的面积公式 A =πr²中的 "r" 表示圆的半径。

成都理工大学工程技术学院2019-2020年度第二学期《大学英语二》（进阶本科考查）课程综合测验题目Part I Writing (50%)Directions: For this part, you should write a composition based on either of the following two topics. You should write no less than 300 words. (作文从以下话题当中二选一，题目自拟，不少于300字）1. If you had a time machine and you could travel back to your first year of senior high school, what would you say to the younger version of yourself？2. If you had a time machine and you could travel to your senior year of college, what older version of yourself would you expect to see？备注：请将作文写在下方。

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_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Translation (25%)Directions: Translate a passage from Chinese into English.科举制是中国古代朝廷选拔官员的制度。

理工英语4单项选择试题及参考答案(2020考试只要带这份就行，都在上面)1.____ by the promise of these tiny tubes, people are already working to turn the Space Elevator into a reality. C. Fueled2.____ the new law is used one day, I hope it will not punish people using 3D printers for personal purposes. C. If3.____ this multimedia product has some shortcomings, it has also some good points. a. While4.______ thinking is the heart of the artistic design. A. Creative5._______, he knows a lot about computer. c. Child as he is6.______no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A. Were there7.3D printers have spread from labs to industrial factories, ____ they are being cheaper and cheaper. A. so8.3D printing is just at the beginning stage. It is not ____. A. mature9.3D printing is one of the latest technological innovations.— ____ Maybe its functions are questionable. A. Really?10.Absolutely, that movie and I must admit that its director is brilliant. C. took my breath away11.According to a report of what holidays in the future might look like, a trip to the Moon or a stay in space will be the most mouthwatering destination for 2024holidaymakers. , especially for thrill-seeking travelers like me.A. Spectacular12.Although plastic surgery is created to improve the looks of a person, there are a certain percentage of____. C. consequences13.Animal farming about half of all human-caused greenhouse gases. B. accounts for14.Can you tell me something about your new product? C. Can I help you, sir?bining carbon and super-capacitors a perfect marriage. A. seems like16.Considering the needs of the new generation, we propose the concept of the _______ network. b. wearable17.Cosmetic surgery involves ____ reshaping the body features. A. in18.Could you give me the brochure for that machine? a. Yes, here you are.19.Do you eat porridge every day?B. No, sometimes I'd have a cup of soybean milk, a boiled egg and a steamed bun for my breakfast.20.Do you like that technology exhibition?— Yes, I like it very much. B. It shows me the impressive magic power of 3D printing.21.Do you mind my using my mobile phone here?—I wonder if I could use your tablet tonight?—________________ I'm not using it right now. C. Sure, here you are.22.Do you prefer a portable or a clumsy 3D printer?C. I prefer a portable one to a clumsy one.23.Do you think cosmetic surgery is more popular with women? B. Yes，absolutely. Because women pay more attention to beauty.24.Doctor，please let me know ___ you can reconstruct my face. B. whether25.Everything we do has the potential creating some bad. C. for26.Flowers grow well in a warm climate. Similarly, technology __ in a harmonious society. C. flourishes27.Good morning, Jeff. Would you mind going to get me a cup of coffee at the Starbucks? B. No problem! You want the usual?28.He ______ his baggage among hundreds of others. B. identified29.He is still a ______ in handling such things. A. green hand30.He remotely controls my mobile phone _____ he can set up it for me. b. so that31.How about having a drink?—____________ a. Good idea.32.How do you like Anne Hathaway?B. She is amazing.33.How is your business going? a. Good, it's growing all the time.34.I accepted my nose surgery, the ____ and patient doctor was really helpful during my recovery period. C. gracious35.I am really by fresh ingredients, intricate cooking and diverse traditions of Chinese food.A. fascinated36.I couldn't stand London! Bloody ______ place. C. awful37.I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.— Oh great! C. Keep it up38.I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day. Oh great! C. Keep it up.39.I have a scar on my face, so I've make up my mind to have a plastic surgery. A. Good idea.40.I think the benefits of opening up space far the damage that we can see. B. outweigh41.I think the other reason can be identified from the industrialization of food production.—. Some illegal traders care about nothing but making money. C. Yes, you bet42.I was a little scared that it was my first time that I __ had my cosmetic surgery. B. had43.If Gardener , who will take care of us? A. leaves44.If you have any ______ news of my husband, please let me know. A. definite45.If you want to download this app, you need to connect your mobile phone _____ Internet first. a. to46.I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. B. Have a pleasant trip!47.I'm leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.B. Have a pleasant trip!48.Is it better to be physically attractive or intelligent?C. For me, be intelligent is better, but that depends on.49.It ______me that I had a choice. C. hit50.It is ___ an interesting story that I want to read it again. B. such51.It is hard for any woman to resist ____ herself more beauty. c. making52.It is known to all that a lot of South Korean __ accepted plastic surgery. a. celebrities53.It is the ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are.B. that54.Jeff, I'd appreciate it if you could help me with the opening speech I'm giving next week.____ , but I'll have some time between five and six p.m. C. Well, it's pretty busythis morning55.Let me introduce myself, I’m Tom.— ______________. b. pleased to meet you.56.Let's go to this movie and see what exciting experience it will bring to us.C. Can't wait to watch it.57.Modern Meadow is a start up that engineers tissues to create lab-grown __ meat. B. editable58.My assistant will now______ the machine in action. c. demonstrate59.No one had enough foresight to ______ the winner.A. predict60.Oh, by the way, how was your report of the new batteries coming along?A. It's going pretty well61.Oh. Dear! I've lost my new watch. C. What a pity!62.OK, I'll fix your computer right now. —Oh, take your time, __. B. I'm in no hurry63.Our part of the mission is nearly complete and the new crew will for us. A. take over64.people are no longer worried about whether their food is safe or not they enjoy a better life.A. Only if……can65.Perhaps you have heard our products. Would you like to know something more?A. Sure. Go ahead.66.She is ______ tall as you are. C. as67.She’s been interested in computer science _ she was eight. B. since68.She's not very optimistic __ the development of 3D printing. B. about69.So how can we buy safe food? C. When we choose food, we must remember to check its tag, confirming whether the basic information is marked on it.70.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends. C. which71.Some illegal traders care about nothing but__. B. making moneyThe technology has several advantages earlier attempts to engineer meat in vitro . B. in comparison to72.Space travel must be very very expensive.— . The cost of a seat on the Virgin craft is $ 250,000. B. Of course.73.Spaceships are stocked with a variety of_____ foods. c. instant74.Success can breed success, if you ______ it. C. take advantage of75.Thank you ever so much for the Apple Watch you sent me.B. I'm glad you like it.76.The atlas is normally kept by the big window but now it is to the wall right next to Broccoli. B. stuck77.The BBC has just successfully demonstrated a _ radio transmission system. c. digital78.The box is hold these things. B. too small to79.The Cheetah robot made by MIT's scientists can jump over hurdles while ___. b. running80.The current death rate is reduced _______ 10% compared with that of the year of 1980. C. by81.The plastic surgeon may provide several plans for your facial ____ B. reconstruction82.The problem is uneven distribution, 870 million suffering from hunger. C. leaving83.The reason why he didn’t come to school was _____ he was ill. c. that You can turn on the toy robot by__________ this button. a. pressing84.The scientist spoke confidently, _____ impressed me most. c. which85.There are ___ calls for lawmakers to consider copyright laws. B. increasing86.There will be a space hotel in Barcelona Island, you can “experience” space travel by viewing lifelike galaxies through cabin windows. B. where87.They are ____ make an announcement later on today. b. expected to88.They are testing the 3D printer. Don’t you come and see it?—What? A. Where is it displayed?89.They are trying to make a new product—the world's smallest ____ robot. c. humanoid90.They built a robot capable of ___ spoken commands. b. understanding91.They should never try to pursue profit health and life of people. C. at the expense of92.This 3D printer was designed ____ produce snacks. A. to93.This apple pie is too sweet, don't you think so?— I think it's just right, actually. A. Not really.94.This apple pie is too sweet, don't you think so? —____. I think it's just right, actually. A. Not really95.This is a highly _____ new heating system. B. efficient96.This, they argue, will be essential to__the needs of a booming population in decades to come and avoiding starvation. B. meeting97.Tom asked me to go to play football and ______. B. so I did98.Tom can speak French. ______. B. So can Jack99.Touch- ____ 3D maps help the blind too much. A. responsive100.We _____ to deliver the goods within a week. b. guarantee101.We trust this new product of ours will __ to your market. a. appeal102.What advice would you give to a friend who wants cosmetic surgery?B. I would tell them that there are many risks and much cost of that surgery. 103.What are you going to do this weekend?If time permits, I may go to Shanghai with my friends. A. It depends104.What do you want to be? C. I would study computer science than dancer.105.What do you want to be?C. I would study computer science than dancer.106.What errands did you have to do today? B. Done one, and another one to do.107.What is U.S’s experience in food safety management?B. They are improving the legal system all the time and very strict in law enforcement 108.What would you like to have for breakfast?__ Would you like to have a taste? A. Twisted cruller, I bought it this morning109.What's __ issue here is the difference between cosmetic and plastic surgery. a. at110.When we were students we__often stay up all night. B. would111.Would you have cosmetic surgery if it was free? a. No. Good diet and exercise are great alternatives.112.You the Inception, since I remember once you discussed its main plot with Cathy. B. should have watched113.You can have eggs or hard-boiled. B. fried114.You know a good schedule brings efficiency to the work.B. I see your point.115.You need to believe that space tourism will grow and get cheaper. Maybe there is another option.B. What is it?116.You will get your cosmetic surgery on your nose. Please tell me if you like this medical plan _____. A. or not117.You will quickly get used to____ this new digital camera. b. using。

成都理工大学学生毕业设计（论文）开题报告图1-1系统由机器学习训练模块和识别模块两部分组成，但是开发过程中，增加了一个爬虫程序的开发，该程序用于采集网络上的遥感图像，采集的图像经过人工标记之后作为机器训练模块的样本使用。

机器学习训练模块主要采用开源的TensorFlow框架作为底层，处理机器学习的核心部分，由Yolo_v3网络搭建，用于提取识别对像的特征。

适配代码的主要功能是整合网络和底层框架的接口，接收用户传入的数据，控制整个训练的流程。

识别模块使用OpenCV库处理传入的图像，提取图像特征，并使用训练模块生成的权重文件，检测图像中的指定识别对象，并将识别结果以标签形式在输入的图片上展示。

可行性论证：在分析现有的硬件条件和软件资源，以及对机器学习的开发平台TensorFlow进行认真学习，查找并仔细研究Yolo_v3、Karas等各种框架的论文和相关资料之后，能够整体把握系统的软件设计方面的框架结构。

并且，国内外已经有采用 TensorFlow架构实现人工智能、机器学习的案例，表明该技术已经成熟，可以实现。

唯一存在难度的在于，程序训练过程中需要强大算力的GPU服务器，目前我的个人电脑和实验室服务器性能还不足以支撑整个训练过程。

③现有工作基础（毕业实习情况、文献资料收集情况及空间设备仪器条件等）：家里有计算机，并装配了TensorFlow、Eclipse、Python等开发环境，设备可满足设计需求；调试过程中需要的GPU服务器可以向阿里云或者腾讯云等租赁。

相关参考资料已经购买或从图书馆借阅；在大三时期学习过《机器学习》、《数字图像处理》课程，对图像的处理、机器学习的原理进行过初步的学习；在确定题目后，进行了大量的数据收集，完整的阅读了相关论文和开源机器学习框架的教程，对有关Python开发，网络爬虫设计相关方面的资料进行了收集，对于整个系统的控制方式，工作流程都已有了明确的定位和把握，初步拟定了设计方案。

2020届成都理工大学附属中学高三英语期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVienna Concerts 2021Every day, one to three dozen Vienna concerts are staged. You can use this checklist to find a fantastic Vienna concert that is worth its money.Vienna Chamber OrchestraThe Vienna Chamber Orchestra has existed for more than 70 years. The international reputation of the Vienna Chamber Orchestra is documented by worldwide tours. The length is 65 minutes.Date: 20th JuneLocation: Minoritenkirehe, Minoritenplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 30 Euros per adult and free admission for childrenVienna Philharmonic OrchestraIn 2021, famous conductor Gustavo Dudamel will lead the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Expect an amazing show with top quality classical music and fireworks. The concert lasts one and a half hours. You have to arrive at least 20 minutes early to find a place to sit.Date: 4th and 5th OctoberLocation: Schonbrunn Palace, palace gardens, in front of Naptune fountain, Schonbrunner Schlossstrasse 47, 1130 Vienna.Tickets: 30 Euros（students, children and senior citizens will receive a 10% discount per ticket）Mozart Piano Sonatas（奏鸣曲）On Saturdays and Sundays, the St. Peter’s church opens its basement to a small group of Mozart fans. In simple but elegant surroundings, international pianists perform Mozart piano sonatas on a Steinway piano. The concerts start in the early evening and last 90 minutes.Date: throughout the yearLocation: St. Peter’s basement, Petersplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 29 Euros for adults and 16 Euros for children between 8 and 14（children below 8 can enterfor free.）Vivaldi: The Four SeasonsTo point out Vivaldi’s connection to Vienna, the Italian violinist lived in the city for some time, and eventually died there. Closer to where he was buried, the church St. Charles Borromeo regularly stages The Four Seasons, Vivaldi’s main work. The concerts start at 8:15 pm on weekends and last 60 minutes. People can arrive and enter anytime during the performance.Date: throughout the yearLocation: Church St. Charles Borromeo（Karlskirche）, Kreuzherrengase 1, 1040 ViennaTickets: 25 Euros for all ages（free cancellation 24 hours before the event）1.For a couple with their 10-year-old child, which is the cheapest?A.Mozart Piano Sonatas.B.Vienna Chamber Orchestra.C.Vivaldi: The Four Seasons.D.Vienna PhilharmonicOrchestra.2.What do the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and Mozart Piano Sonatas have in common?A.They last one and a half hours.B.They are held in closed surroundings.C.They offer a discount for students and the aged.D.They are suitable for people who prefer pop music.3.What can we know about the concert—The Four Seasons?A.It forbids people to enter after 8:15 pm.B.It describes Vivaldi’s stories related to Vienna.C.It allows you to return your ticket for free a day in advance.D.It was created by the Church St. Charles Borromeo to memorize Vivaldi.BTwenty years ago, I became involved in pet therapy(疗法) work with our Angel. As she matured and went through professional training, we realized that she would be good at this new job.Angel is ten now and works every week. She visits two hospitals providing day care for the elderly, and our library’s PAWS forReadingprogram. At the library, six to ten dogs lie on the floor, and the kids pick a book to read to a dog. After they finish, they get a card with the dog’s picture and history. Angel also helps out at a special-needs camp. She is so popular that everywhere we go people recognize her, especially the kids she has worked with.We have seen some very special things through our pet therapy work. I brought Angel to our local hospital to visit a woman who was completely unable to move the right side of her body from a stroke(中风). One day, myhusband, Jack, got Angel up into a chair next to the woman’s bed, asking her if she wanted to give Angel a treat. She nodded. Angel gently took the treat. Then the woman raised her right hand and started petting Angel. Her friend couldn’t believe her eyes.After that, every time we saw the woman, she lifted her left hand. We’d tell her she had to use her right hand, and she would. Next, you’ll fall in love with this woman’s story of rearing her own Angel later in her family and why she calls it the best decision she ever made.4. Who is Angel?A. A pet trainer.B. A hospitalC. A therapy dog.D. The author’s kid.5. What does Angel usually do?A. Save seriously ill people.B. Pay visits to kids in hospital.C. Protect the elderly in their homes.D. Help children at a special camp.6. Why was the woman’s friend astonished?A The woman moved her right hand.B. The woman treated Angel.C. Angel helped the woman recover.D. Angel got along with the woman.7. What does the underlined word “rearing” in the last paragraph mean?A. Accompanying.B. Raising.C. Assisting.D. Training.CYour best friend that follows you around when the sun comes out - your shadow - doesn’t serve an important function like your heart or brain, but what if you could use shadows to create electricity? When using solar panels (电池板) that are powered by light, shadows can be boring because it means electricity can’t be created. However, researchers from the National University of Singapore have engineered a way to create power from the shadows present everywhere.A team of the university created a machine that can collect energy from shadows. It is created by placing a thin coating of gold onto silicon (硅). Like in a normal solar panel, when put in light, the silicon electrons (电子)become energized and the energized electrons then jump from the silicon to the gold. The voltage (电压) of the part of the machine that is placed in the light increases to the dark part and the electrons in the machine flow from high to low voltage. They are sent through an external circuit (外电路) creating a current that can be used to power another machine. The greater the contrast between light and dark, more energy is provided by the machine.The team isworking on improving the performance of the machine, borrowing approaches from solar panels to gather light. Increasing the amount of light the machines can receive allows them to better make use of shadows, as well as developing shadow energy collecting panels that can successfully gather from indoor lighting. The team is also researching the use of other materials other than gold to drop the price of the machine, meaning they would be more cost effective and easier to apply in society.Shadows are present everywhere and perhaps one day in the future we will be able to collect energy from them by placing the shadow-effect energy machine around the world in places that have been considered unfit for solar panels to work, or indoors. “A lot of people think that shadows are useless,” Tan says, but “anything can be useful, even shadows.”8. What is Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. Your best friend always stays with you after the sunrise.B. The shadow has the same function as the heart and brain.C. Shadows can stop solar panels from creating electricity.D. Researchers have found a way to create power from shadows.9. What is the key working principle of the machine mentioned in the text?A. The silicon produces electricity when it is in the light.B. The gold produces power with the help of the silicon.C. The energized electrons flow from high to low voltage.D. An external circuit creates current using another machine.10. How does the team improve the performance of the machine?A. Using solar panels in the machine.B. Increasing the amount of light received.C. Developing light energy collecting panels.D. Bringing down the price of gold.11. Which of the following is the best place to apply the machine?A. A gym.B. A park.C. A farm.D. A playground.DThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairing barbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”12. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.13. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading15. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

专业英语四级·2020年考试真题与答案解析 PART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage．Altogether the passage will be read to you four times．During the first reading，which will be done at normal speed，listen and try to understand the meaning．For the second and third readings，the passage will be read sentence by sentence，or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seconds．The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work．You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more．Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE． PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A，B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two． SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow． Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the conversation． l．The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers on A．product price． B．product quality． C．manufacturers． D．production methods． 2．According to the conversation，an ethical shopper should A．ask for others'advice before buying things． B．consider the worth of something to be bought． C．postpone buying things whenever possible． D．search for things that are less costly． 3．According to the conversation，ethical shoppers can be best described as A．shrewd．B．thrifty． C．extravagant．D．cautious． Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the conversation． 4．Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Mary? A．She is enjoying her language study． B．She is enjoying her management study． C．She is not feeling very well at the moment． D．She is not happy about her study pressure． 5．What does Mary think of the course initially? A．It is useful．B．It is difficult． C．It is challenging．D．It is interesting． 6．What is Mary's problem of living in a family house? A．She dislikes the food she eats．B．She is unable to sleep well． C．She has no chance to make friends．D．She finds the rent high． 7．Which of the following is Mr．Davies'advice? A．To tryto make more friends． B．To try to change accommodation． C．To spend more time on English． D．To stop attending language classes． Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the conversation． 8．According to the conversation，the day is special because A．many people are surfing the net on that day． B．it is an anniversary of the internet． C．the net brought about no changes until that day． D．big changes will take place on that day． 9．We learn from the conversation that people A．cannot Jive without the internet． B．cannot work without the internet． C．all use the internet to keep in touch． D．have varied opinions about internet use． 10．At the end of the conversation．the speakers talk about A．the future of the internet． B．the type of office furniture． C．when changes will come．D．how people will use the internet． SECTION B PASSAGES In this section，you will hear several passages．Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow． Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage． 11．In order to open a bank account，you need to produce____in addition toyour passport． A．a library card B．a registration form C．a telephone bill D．a receipt 12．Which of the following might NOT be included in the'utility bill'? A．Rent．B．Gas．C．Water．D．Telephone． 13．According to the passage，what can one do in the post office? A．Getting contact details．B．Obtaining tax forms． C．Paying housing rents．D．Applying for loans． Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage，you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage． 14．According to the passage，'scheduling'means that you A．need to be efficient in work． B．plan your work properly． C．try to finish work ahead of time． D．know how to work in teams． 15．According to the passage，one of the activities to relax could be A．protecting wild animals． B．spending time with your family． C．learning how to read efficiently． D．learning how to do gardening． 16．One of the ways to reduce stress is to A．do better than anyone else． B．fulfill high ambitions in one's work． C．work and have reasonable aims． D．start with a relatively low aim． 17．According to the passage，to reduce stress has something to do with thefollowing EXCEPT A．one's position．B．one's interest． C．one's health．D．one's mood． Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage．At the end of the passage，you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the passage． 18．According to the passage，new words tend to come from A．world politics．B．advances in science． C．areas of life．D．all the above． 19．The passage explains the larger and richer vocabulary of English mainly from a viewpoint． A．historical B．cultural C．commercial D．colonial 20．According to the passage，which of the following statements best describes the English language? A．It is outdated in grammar． B．It accepts new words from science． C．It has begun taking in new words． D．It tends to embrace new words． SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section，you will hear several news items．Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow． Questions 21 and 22 are based OH the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now listen to the news． 21．Where was the marble statue found? A．Out in the sea．B．Inside a bath house． C．On a cliff along the coast．D．On the coast outside Jerusalem． 22．Which of the following best describes the condition of the statue? A．It was incomplete．B．It was recent artwork． C．It was fairly tall．D．It was in pieces． Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item．you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the news． 23．The rescue efforts concentrated mainly on A．the U．S．－Canada border B．snow－stricken regions． C．highways．D．city streets． 24．According to the news，the last group of people might have been stranded in their vehicles for more than ____ hours before being rescued． A．24 B．25 C．40 D．48 Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the news． 25．According to the 2006 anti－smoking restrictions，smoking was NOT allowed in A．offices．B．restaurants．C．bars．D．school playgrounds． 26．According to the news，which of the following groups reacts negatively to the new law? A．Television producers．B．Hotel owners． C．Medical workers．D．Hospital management． Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions．Now，listen to the news． 27．According to the news，who first discovered the fraud? A．A client．B．A bank manager． C．The police．D．Bank headquarters． 28．When did the bank employee hand himself in? A．A month before the fraud was discovered． B．A day before the fraud was discovered． C．A day after the police launched investigation． D．A month after he transferred the money． Question 29 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now，listen to the news． 29．What is this news item mainly about? A．How to open Hotmail accounts． B．How to retrieve missing e－mails． C．New e－mail service by Microsoft． D．Problems and complaints about e－mails． Question30 is based on the following news．At the end of the news item，you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question．Now，listen to the news． 30．Compared with 2009，which of the following figures remained about the same in 2010? A．Number of tickets sold．B．Box office revenues．C．Attendance rate．D Number of cinemas． PART III CLOZE 【15 MIN】 Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks．Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two． The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst naturaldisasters in living memory．It was a （31）_____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean．It （32）____ coastlines，communities and brought death to many people． Why do earthquakes happen? The surface of the earth has not always looked as it does today；it is moving（33）____ （although very slowly）and has done so for billions of years．This is one（34）____ of earthquakes，when one section of the earth （tectonic plate）（35）____ another．Scientists can predict where but not（36）____ this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line．On one fault line in Kobe，Japan in 1923 over 200，000 people were killed．（37）____，earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines，（38）____ is why they are so dangerous and （39）____． Where do volcanoes happen? Volcanoes happen where the earth's（40）____ is thin：lava，dust and gases（41）____ from beneath the earth．They can rise into a huge cone shape like a mountain and erupt，（42）____ they can be so violent（43）____ they just explode directly from the earth with no warning．There are 1511（44）'____' volcanoes in the world．This means that they may（45）____ be dangerous．In 1985 the Colombian volcano Nevado del Ruiz erupted．The lava melted a glacier and sent tones of mud （46）____ the town below．Twenty thousand people died．Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are often unpredictable．We regularly do not know when they （47）____ pen，or （48）____ where they will happen．In the future，scientists may be able to watch and predict（49）____ before they happen．This could（50）____ many lives． 31．A．massive B．significant C．great D．grand 32．A．changed B．converted C．destroyed D．transformed 33．A．frequently B．continuously C．regularly D．periodically 34．A．source B．reason C．movement D．cause 35．A．collides with B．confronts with C．meets with D．faces with 36．A．how B．why C．when D．what 37．A．Generally B．However C．Similarly D．Anyway 38．A．that B．it C．this D．which 39．A．unpredictable B．unaccountable C．inevitable D．irresistible 40．A．surface B．appearance C．crust D．cover 41．A．flowed out B．burst out C．1eaked out D．trickled out 42．A．or B．and C．nor D．but 43．A．like B．for C．as D．that 44．A．living B．active C．alive D．live 45．A．relatively B．hardly C．still D．gradually 46．A．down B．on C．across D．beyond 47．A．are to B．should C．must D．might 48．A．else B．even C．though D．whether 49．A．accidents B．incidents C．occasions D．events50．A．rescue B．save C．preserve D．shelter PART IV GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY 【15 MIN】 There are thirty sentences in this section．Beneath each sentence there are four words，phrases or statements marked A，B，C and D．Choose one word，phrase or statement that best completes the sentence．Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two． 51．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．Twenty miles seems like a long walk to him． B．No one except his supporters agree with him． C．Neither Julia nor I were going to the party． D．Few students in my class are really lazy． 52．Which of the following determiners（限定词）can be placed before both singular count nouns and plural count nouns? A．many a B．few C．such D．the next 53．Which of the following reflexive pronouns（反身代词）is used as an appositive （同位语）? A，He promised himself rapid progress． B．The manager herself will interview Mary． C．I have nothing to say for myself． D．They quarreled themselves red in the face． 54．My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch． A．be sent B．were sent C．were to be sent D．must be sent 55．Which of the following sentences expresses WILLINGNESS? A．By now she will be eating dinner． B．I shall never do that again． C．My brother will help you with the luggage． D．You shall get a promotion． 56．Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? A．How strange feelings they are！ B．How dare you speak to me like that！ C．What noise they are making！ D．What a mess we are in！ 57．which of the italicized parts functions as a subject? A．We never doubt that her brother is honest． B．The problem is not who will go but who will stay． C．You must give it back to whoever it belongs to。

2020;2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（四川卷，含答案）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1页至9页，第Ⅱ卷10页。

考试结束后，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。

满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共100分）注意事项：1.必须使用2B铅笔将答案标号填涂在答题卡上对应题目标号的位置上。

2.第Ⅰ卷共两部分，共计100分。

第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1.—I’m sorry I didn’t finish it on time—A.Find，thanksB.No，thanksC.Thanks a lot D．Thanks anywaydex does’t feel like abroad.Her parents are old.A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD.to study3.There is in his words.We should have a try.A. somethingB. anythingC.nothingD.everything4. Frank insisted that he was not asleep I had great difficulty in waking him up.A. whetherB. althoughC. forD.so5.—How could you be so rude as to walk in here in the middle of my class? —_____________A. Nothing muchB. Nothing seriousC. Never againD. Never mind6.As it reported, it is 100 years _____________Qinghua University was founded.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. since7.To get a better grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.A. go overB. get overC. turn overD. take over8.Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________China before you start your trip there.A. inB. forC. ofD. on9. All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.A. treatB. are treatedC. are treatingD. had been treated10.Our teachers always tell us to believes in we do and who we are if we want to succeed.A.whyB.howC.whatD.which11.Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it rould fly.A.keepB.keptC.keopitD.to keep12.—How are your reccent trip to Sichuan?—I’ve never had one before.A.a pleasantB.a more pleasantC.a trecst pleasantD.the most pleasant13.Always remember put such dangerous things as lives out children’sA.touchB.sightC.reachD.distance14.I ofen the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.A.look upB.look atC.kook forD.look into15.Was it on a lonely island he was saved one month after theboat went famous.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what16. an important role in a new movie,Andy has a chance to become famous.A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.To offer17.The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closedfew the holidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where18.Dr.Peter Spemce, headmaster of the school,told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.A.不填；AB.不填；TheC.the;TheD.a;A19.—What a mistake!—Yes.I his doing it another way, but without success.A.was suggestingB.will suggestC.would suggestD.had suggested20.The police still have I found the lost child,b ut they’re doong aboutthey .A.canB.mayC.mustD.should第二节，完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

成都理工大学大学英语三级B级-翻译专项试题一、大学英语三级翻译英译汉1．People’s attitudes towards gift giving may vary from country to country．A．人们的态度是国家之间要送礼物。

B．不同的国家的人对送礼的态度各不相同。

C．国与国之问人们对送礼物的看法不尽相同。

D．各国人们送礼的做法都在变化。

【答案】C【解析】本题的翻译要点是对“attitude”和“vary”这两短语意思的理解。

“attitude”意为“看法”，而不是“态度”、“做法”，“vary”是“各不相同”的意思，并不是“变化”。

因此选项A、B和D均存在不同程度的理解错误。

知识模块：英译汉2． us of the overcharge on your account and we have contacted the store on your behalf and are awaiting their reply.A) 承蒙告知您受到恶意透支的指控，我们已经派代表与商店联系并正在等待回音。

B) 承蒙告知您的帐户存在问题，我们已经和商店联系过并正在等待他们的回答。

C) 承蒙告知您的帐户被多扣款一事，我们已代您与商店联系，正在等待他们回复。

D) 承蒙告知有人指控您恶意透支，我们代表商店向您致歉，请您等待他们的答复。

【答案】C3． Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke.A) 妇女在家里吸烟长达410年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。

B) 家庭妇女接触油烟，她们患肺癌的痛苦就会加倍。

C) 妇女在家里吸烟的时间，她们患肺癌的危险就会加倍。

D) 妇女在吸烟的家庭环境中生活40年或更长时间，她们患肺癌的风险就会加倍。

UNIT 11 微型计算机参考译文:11.1 微处理器组成部分用微处理器从事设计，编程工作要多于线路设计。

电路象积木一样搭建起来，而软件把这些积木连接在一起。

一台微型计算机（microcomputer）是一组电路，其中包括微处理器（microprocessor）和其它处理单元（element）。

它还包括用于控制和通信的输入/输出线，以及用来容纳程序的足够存储器。

微型计算机的操作只需一个电源和一个程序。

微型计算机系统的核心是微处理器，它就是计算机的中央处理器（CPU），具有算术处理电路和指令组的控制存储器（即使简单的微型计算机系统和其微处理器，也需要一系列的指令，以及为完成任务所需的输入/输出操作和通信控制）。

虽然计算机的CPU能用象寄存器、算术/逻辑运算单元（ALU）、解码器这类中等规模集成电路（MSI）构建，它仍需要上百片集成电路，尽管这类电路能被能被用于某些特殊场合。

然而，当CPU由大规模集成电路制作时，它就变成微处理器（也称“单片处理器”），不像按客户要求设计的CPU，微处理器的功能特点由它的内部架构固定下来，进入微处理器的唯一方法是通过芯片的端口。

微处理器可制造在一块半导体芯片上或一组互相连接的芯片上。

微处理器实现取自于程序存储器的指令的译码，程序的执行及输入/输出控制信号的产生和同步，它具有和其它计算机相同的功能结构。

所需要的功能块有处理指令的算术/逻辑运算单元（ALU）、指令译码器、在算术运算中暂存信息的寄存器和类似于时钟振荡器、分频器和时序计数器（counters for sequencing）的定时和控制电路。

存储器用来保存程序和由指令操作的数据。

程序以一系列二进制字的形式存储在存储器内，每个字具有4-16位，字长取决于所用的微处理器，每个字或若干字代表一条指令或数据。

指令由微处理器译码，数据出现在处理器输入端时，由微处理器处理。

微处理器通过三种途径与外部通信⑴数据总线，⑵地址总线和⑶控制总线。

GLOSSARYAabbreviate [ə'bri:vieit] v. 缩写，简写abide [ə'baid] v. 遵循，遵守abscissa [æb'sisə] n. 横坐标ac abbr. 交流电（alternating current）acceptable [ək'septəbl] a. 可接受的accomplishment [ə'kɔmpliʃmənt] n. 成果；成就accumulation [ə,kju:mju'leiʃən] n. 积累过程，积累accuracy ['ækjurəsi] n. 精度，准确度acoustics [ə'ku:stiks] n. 声学acquisition [,ækwi'ziʃən] n. 获取，采集，探测acronym ['ækrəunim] n. 首字母缩写（词）active ['æktiv] a. 有源的adaptive [ə'dæptiv] a. 适应的，适合的adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt] a. 临近的，毗连的administer [əd'ministə] v. 实施admissible [əd'misəbl] a. 可采纳的，允许的adversely ['ædvə:sli] ad. 相反地，不利地aerial ['εəriəl] a. 航摄的，空气的，气体的aforementioned [ə'fɔ:,menʃənd] a. 上述的，前面提到的AI addr. 人工智能（artificial intelligence）albeit [ɔ:l'bi:it] conj. 虽然；即使algebraic [,ældʒi'breiik] a. 代数的align [ə'lain] v. 匹配；对齐allure [ə'ljuə] n. v. 引诱，吸引；魅力alternate ['ɔ:ltəneit] a. v. 交替的，轮流的；交替，轮流alternation [,ɔ:ltə'neiʃən] n. 半周（交流），交替altitude ['æltitju:d] n. 高度ALU abbr. 算术/逻辑单元（arithmetic/logic unit）ambient ['æmbiənt] a. 周围的，环境的amplitude ['æmplitju:d] n. 幅度，振幅analog ['ænəlɔɡ] n. 模拟anode ['ænəud] n. 阳极antenna [æn'tenə] (pl. antennae) n. 天线appointment [ə'pɔintmənt] n. 职位approach [ə'prəutʃ] v. 探讨；接近arbitrate ['ɑ:bitreit] v. 仲裁architecture ['ɑ:kitektʃə] n. 架构，体系结构ARCnet abbr. 附加资源计算机网络（attached resourcecomputer Network）·164·arguably ['ɑ:ɡjuəbli] ad. 有争议地armature ['ɑ:mə,tjuə] n. 电枢，（电机）转子arrangement [ə'reindʒmənt] n. 装置[备]，排列，布[配]置ascertain [,æsə'tein] v. 确定assembly [ə'sembli] n. 结构，装配assess [ə'ses] v. 估计，评定assorted [ə'sɔ:tid] a. 已分类的；各式各样的astound [ə'staund] v. 使…大吃一惊astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi] n. 天文学autotransformer [,ɔ:təutræns'fɔ:mə] n. 自耦变压器avionic [,eivi'ɔnik] a. 航空电子学的avoidance [ə'vɔidəns] n. 避免Bbackbreaking ['bæk,breikiŋ] a. 累断腰的，繁重的，非常辛苦的backlash ['bæk,læʃ] n. 齿间隙backplane ['bæk,plein] n. 底板，插接板bandwidth ['bændwidθ] n. 带宽，频带宽度base [beis] n. 基极BCD abbr. BCD码（binary-coded decimal）bellows ['beləuz] n. 波纹管bias ['baiəs] v. 偏置biomedical [baiəu'medikəl] a. 生物医学的bistable [bai'steibl] a. 双稳态的bit [bit] n. 位blind [blaind] a. 盲目的block [blɔk] n. 积木，块blower ['bləuə] n. 鼓风机，吹风机blunder ['blʌndə] n. v. 大错，失误；犯大错，做错boost [bu:st] n. v. 推进，提高，促进，发展bounce [bauns] n. 颤动，跳动brushless ['brʌʃles] a. 无电刷的bubble ['bʌbl] n. 气泡，泡buoyant ['bɔiənt] a. 有浮力的bus [bʌs] n. 总线；母线butterfly ['bʌtəflai] a. n. 蝶形的；蝴蝶bypass ['baipɑ:s] n. 旁路Ccalibrate ['kælibreit] v. 校准calibration [,kæli'breiʃən] n. 标度，刻度，校准CAN abbr. 控制器局域网（controller area network）canonical [kə'nɔnikəl] a. 标准的；规范的·165·capacitance [kə'pæsitəns] n. 电容capacitive [kə'pæsitiv] a. 电容的capacitor [kə'pæsitə] n. 电容器capsule ['kæpsju:l] n. 膜盒carrier ['kæriə] n. 载流子cartridge ['kɑ:tridʒ] n. （唱片）拾音器，卡盘catalyst ['kætəlist] n. 促进因素，催化剂categorize ['kætiɡəraiz] v. 分类cathode ['kæθəud] n. 阴极cavity ['kævəti] n. 腔体cellular ['seljulə] a. 蜂窝状的，网状的，细胞（状）的CEMF abbr. 反向电动势（counter EMF）census ['sensəs] n. 人口统计cereal ['siəriəl] a. n. 谷物的；谷物characteristic [,kærəktə'ristik] a. n. 特性（的），特征，特色；特性曲线charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n. 电荷chip [tʃip] n. 芯片CIMS abbr. 计算机集成制造系统（computerintegrated manufacturing system）circuit ['sə:kit] n. 电路circuitry ['sə:kitri] n. 电路（总称）clash [klæʃ] v. 抵触，冲突clockwise ['klɔkwaiz] a. 顺时针方向的，counter~, anti~ 逆时针方向的CMOS abbr. 互补金属氧化物半导体（complementarymetal oxide semiconductor）coil [kɔil] n. 线圈coincidence [kəu'insidəns] n. 巧合collector [kə'lektə] n. 集电极collision [kə'liʒən] n. 碰撞，冲突commit [kə'mit] v. 保证commonplace ['kɔmənpleis] a. 平凡的commutator ['kɔmjuteitə] n. 换向器compact [kəm'pækt] a. 紧凑的；密集的compatible [kəm'pætəbl] a. 兼容的，协调的（~ with）component [kəm'pəunənt] n. 元件；部件comprehensive [,kɔmpri'hensiv] a. 综合（性）的compress [kəm'pres] v. 压缩compression [kəm'preʃən] n. 压缩compromise ['kɔmprəmaiz] v. 折衷，损害condition [kən'diʃən] v. n. 调整[节]；条件configuration [kən,fiɡju'reiʃən] n. 组态，结构，配置conscientious [,kɔnʃi'enʃəs] a. 尽责的consecutive [kən'sekjutiv] a. 连续的；相继的consistently [kən'sistəntli] ad. 协调地·166·constraint [kən'streint] n. 约束，约束条件contour ['kɔntuə] n. 形状，轮廓contraction [kən'trækʃən] n. 缩写conversely [kən'və:sli] ad. 相反地converter [kən'və:tə] n. 转换器，换流器coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit] n. v. 坐标（用复数）；调整，整理corrugated ['kɔruɡeitid] a. 波纹的cost-effective a. 性能价格比covalent [kəu'veilənt] a. 共价的coulomb ['ku:lɔm] n. 库仑（电量单位）CPU abbr. 中央处理单元（central processing unit）criterion [krai'tiəriən] n. 判据critical ['kritikəl] a. 关键的crystalline ['kristəlain] n. 晶体的CSMA/CD abbr. 载波监听多路访问/冲突检测（carrier sensemultiple access with collision detection）culmination [,kʌlmi'neiʃən] n. 顶点，极点curvature ['kə:vətʃə] n. 弯曲，曲率custom ['kʌstəm] a. 定制的cutoff ['kʌt,ɔ:f] a. 截止的，未通电的cybernetics [,saibə'netiks] n. 控制论cylinder ['silində] n. 汽缸，气缸，圆柱体Ddam [dæm] n. 坝damp [dæmp] n. v. 阻尼dash [dæʃ] n. 仪表板dc abbr. 直流电（direct current）decade ['dekeid] n. 十decibel ['desibel] n. 分贝deck [dek] n. （录音机）走带机构decoder [,di:'kəudə] n. 解码器decrement ['dekrimənt] v. n. 递减，减少；减量deduce [di'dju:s] v. 推论de-energized [di'enədʒaizd] a. 失电的deficit ['defisit] n. 缺少，亏损deflection [di'flekʃən] n. 偏向，偏转，折射delay [di'lei] n. 延迟，滞后demodulator [di:'mɔdjuleitə] n. 解调器denominator [di'nɔmineitə] n. 分母deposit [di'pɔzit] v. 沉积，沉淀；存放，寄存derivative [di'rivətiv] a. n. 微分，导数；微分的，导数的designation [,deziɡ'neiʃən] n. 标示，名称detached [di'tætʃt] a. 分离的·167·deterministic [di,tə:mi'nistik] a. 确定的detrimental [,detri'mentəl] a. 不利的，有害的deviation [,di:vi'eiʃən] n. 偏差，背离，偏离dexterity [dek'steriti] n. 灵巧，机敏，灵活，熟练diac ['daiək] n. 二端交流开关（元件）diagnose ['daiəɡnəuz] v. 诊断diagonal [dai'æɡənəl] a. 对角的diaphragm ['daiəfræm] n. 膜片dielectric [,daii'lektrik] n. 电介质differential [,difə'renʃəl] a. 差分的，差动的；微分的differentiator [,difə'renʃieitə] n. 微分器digital ['didʒitəl] a. 数字的digitize ['didʒitaiz] v. 将…数字化diode ['daiəud] n. 二极管disc [disk] n. 唱片discern [di'sə:n] v. 看到；辨出dissipation [disi'peiʃən] n. 消散，驱散distinction [dis'tiŋkʃən] n. 区别；差别distortion [dis'tɔ:ʃən] n. 失真disturbance [di'stə:bəns] n. 扰动diverse [dai'və:s] a. 多种多样的DMA abbr. 直接存储器访问（direct memory access）dominant ['dɔminənt] n. a. 显性，显性的dope [dəup] v. 给（半导体等）搀杂DPST abbr. 双刀单掷（double-pole single-throw）drain [drein] n. 漏极droop [dru:p] n. v. 下垂量；下垂DSP abbr. 数字信号处理器（digital signal processor）duct [dʌkt] n. 管道dynamics [dai'næmiks] n. 动态（特性），（动）力学dynamometer [,dainə'mɔmitə] n. 测力计Eecological [,i:kə'lɔdʒikəl] a. 生态的，生态学的effector [i'fektə] n. 操纵装置eigenvalue ['aiɡən,vælju:] n. 特征值elapse [i'læps] v. （时间）过去，消逝electromagnetic [i,lektrəumæɡ'netik] a. 电磁的electromagnetism [i,lektrəu'mæɡnitizəm]n. 电磁学electromechanical [i,lektrəumi'kænikəl]a. 机电的，电机的electromotive [i,lektrəu'məutiv] a. 电动的element ['elimənt] n. 元件eliminate [i'limineit] v. 排除，消除embark [em'bɑ:k] v. 从事，着手·168·embed [im'bed] v. 嵌入embrace [im'breis] v. 包括EMF abbr. 电动势（electromotive force）emitter [i'mitə] n. 发射极emulation [,emju'leiʃən] n. 竞争，仿真enamel [i'næməl] n. 珐琅encapsulate [in'kæpsəleit] v. 封装energize ['enədʒaiz] v. 给…通电energized ['enədʒaizd] a. 通电的entity ['entəti] n. 实体equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡，均衡equivalent [i'kwivələnt] n. 相等的；相同的Eq. (equation [i'kweiʒən]) n. 方程（式），等式erasable [i'reizəbl] a. 可擦除的ESP abbr. 电子稳定程序（electronic stability program）etch [etʃ] v. 刻蚀，刻画evaluate [i'væljueit] v. 评价evaluation [i,vælju'eiʃən] n. 估计event [i'vent] n. 事件evolve [i'vɔlv] v. 发展，演变，进化exclusively [ik'sklu:sivli] ad. 排外地，专有地excursion [ik'skə:ʃən] n. 偏差executable ['eksikju:təbl] n. a. 可执行文件，可执行的exert [iɡ'zə:t] v. 施加。

第五章课后A random erroris due to acontrolled，large number of independent small effects that cannothe identified orit is a statistical quantity. As such，iteach replication of the observations. If a large number of readings iswill vary for the same quantity.the scatter of the data about a mean value can be evaluated.The scatter generally follows a guassian distribution about a mean value.whichis assumed to be the true value.Accuracy is the deviation of the output from the calibration input or the true value. If the accuracy of a voltmeter is 2% full scale as described in the preceding section·the maximum deviation i、士2units for all readings.一个随机误差是由于控制,大量的独立影响小,不能他发现或这是一个统计量。

因此,它每个复制的观察。

如果大量的读数是同样数量的不同而不同。

散射的数据值可以评估。

散高斯分布通常遵循关于意味着value.which被认为是真正的价值。

准确性是偏差的输出的输入或真正的校准价值。

如果把电压表的准确性2%全面描述在前面的部分·最大偏差我,士2units所有阅读资料。

2020年成都理工大学附属中学高三英语上学期期末考试试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Online EventsThe handshake：an anthropologist’s guideWhat is its biological purpose？What are the best and worst handshakes？In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．This event will start at 18:00 pm on 25 March and will last one hour．Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20.)A rescue plan for natureWhat do we need to do to restore the planet 's biodiversity and preventthe next pandemic (疫情)？Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．This free event will start at 18:00 pm on 15 April．Origins of lifeWhy is the planet the way it is？How did we get here？Does everything happen for a reason or are some things left to chance？Research shows we live in a world driven by chance．In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．This event will start at 19:30 pm on 22 April and will last two hours．Standard ticket price：£18(A 10％discount for those who buy the ticket before April 17.)The truth about exerciseShould we all be hitting the gym three times a week？Should we worry about sitting to omuch？If you are strong and fit，can you get away with being inactive？In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．This event will start at 19:00 pm on May 13 and will last one hour，Standard ticket price：£12(A 15％discount for those who buy the ticket before May 8.)1.How much should you at least spend on the event about the handshake？A.£10.2．B.£12．C.£13．D.£16.2．2.From whom can you learn about the origins of life？A.Ella Al-Shamahi．B.Cristian Samper．C.Sean B Carroll．D.Jason Gill．3.What does the four online talks have in common？A.They are science-based．B.They are about cultures．C.They are related to nature．D.They are intended for the young．BI was checking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.4. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.5. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.6. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.7. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.CPlastic is piling up in ecosystems all over the world. Although its harmful impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, a few animals—like bowerbirds and hermit crabs—are doing what they can to recycle it. And according to a recent study, wild bees in Canada have joined the effort, which is a rare observation of behavioral flexibility in species especially insects, in increasingly plastic-rich environments.The researchers found two species of leafcutter bees putting plastic into their nests. One of the bees they studied, the alfalfa leafcutter bee, normally bites off pieces of leaves and flowers while the second bee gathers sticky substances from trees. Leafcutter bees don't build big nests or store honey like honeybees, choosing instead small nests in underground holes, tree holes or cracks（裂缝）in buildings. But the researchers found that three of eight brood cells（育雏巢室）contained pieces of plastic bags, replacing 23 percent of the cut leaves in each cell on average.While they don't make honey,alfalfa leafcutter bees still make money for theU. S. and Canadian farmers by pollinating（给......传授花粉）crops including alfalfa , carrots and melons. The European insects were introduced to North America in the 1930s for that purpose, and they've since become wild, joining the continent's many nativespecies of leafcutter bees.In a separate study conducted in Argentina between 2017 and 2018, researchers found a bee nest made entirely of plastic, which consisted of three separate cells. It's the first known example of such construction worldwide. Compared to the other nests the researchers examined, which were made of natural materials, this one had a pretty lower success rate of the bees' survival. One of the cells had a dead baby bee , another seemed to have housed an adult that had left the nest, and the third was unfinished.8. What does the animals' use of plastic show according to the study?A. How widely plastic is used.B. How strange the behavior of wildlife is.C. How some wildlife is adapting to plastic.D. How plastic pollution has harmed them.9. What do leaves mean to alfalfa leafcutter bees?A. Food.B. Shelter.C A plastic substitute. D. Traditional nest materials.10. Which is one characteristic of leafcutter bees?A. They have great economic value.B. They store honey like honeybees.C. They prefer to live in tree holes.D. They have evolved into a new species.11. What was the nest made entirely of plastic like?A. It might be warmer.B. It might be unhealthy.C. It might be easy to finish.D. It might be recyclable.DAccording to the study posted onScienceDirect, gardening just two to three times a week increase the benefits of better well-being as much as possible and lower stress levels.The research explored why residents engaged with gardening and the extent to which they recognized any health benefits from the activity.A questionnaire was handed out electronically within theUK, with 5,766 gardeners and 249 non-gardeners responding. Data was collected on factors including garden typology（类型学）, frequency of gardening and individual awareness of health and well-being."This is the first time the dose response（剂量效应）to gardening has been tested and the evidence from the survey strongly suggests that the more frequently you garden, the greaterthe health benefits," said Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) lead author Dr Lauriane Chalmin-Pui. In fact, gardening every day has the same positive impact on well-being than undertaking regular and powerful exercise like cycling or running.When gardening, our brains are pleasantly entertained by nature around us. Gardening takes our attention away from ourselves and our stresses, therefore, it helps restore our minds and reduce unfavorable feelings.Improving health, however, was not the main motive power to garden, but rather the direct pleasure gardening brought to the participants."Gardening is like effortless exercise because it doesn't feel as exhausting and hard as going to the gym, for example, but we canexpendsimilar amounts of energy," Chalmin-Pui added.Most people say they garden for pleasure and enjoyment, so people who like gardening may be easy to be addicted to it. However, this sometimes may become a piece of good news, from the aspect of mental health. "We hope all the millions of new gardeners will be getting their daily gardening and feeling all the better for it. " Chalmin-Pui said in the interview.12. What can be inferred about gardening from the survey?A. Improving health is the aim of the participants.BGardening makes no difference to health.C. Health benefits from frequent gardening.D. Too much gardening always does harm to health.13. What does the underlined word "expend" mean in paragraph 7?A. Consume.B. Make use of.C. Increase.D. Save.14. Why do so many participantslike gardening?A. It isn't exhausting.B. It is good for health.C. It brings pleasure.D. It is like going to the gym.15. What is Chalmin-Pui's attitude to the new gardeners' gardening?A. Carefree.B. SupportiveC. Tolerant.D. Indifferent.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

测控技术与仪器专业英语单词汇总第一单元Operational description 操作描述；Acquisition of information 信息采集；Object of measurement 测量目标；Measurand 被测物理量；Measurement result 测量结果；A necessary and not a sufficient aspect 一个必要而非充分的条件Selectivity 选择性；Objective 客观的Arbitrary 专横的，专断的，反复无常的；Highly subjective 高度主观的；Handicapped 残疾的Magnetic field 磁场Objectivity 客观性Artefact 人工品Misinterpret 曲解Measurement instrument's output 测量装着的输出；Structural information 公制信息Qualitative measurement 质量测量Quantitative measurement 数量测量Respective characteristic 各自的特性Empirical world 经验的世界Abstract image 抽象的映像Actual empirical quantity 实际经验的数量Mapping of element 元素的映射Source set 源集Empirical domain space 经验域空间Image set 映像集Abstract range space 抽象域空间Electrical domain 电气域Measurement process 测量过程Assignment algorithm 分配算法Abstract symbol 抽象符号Employed measurement system 被使用的测量系统Set theory 集合论Relational system 相关系统Gathered information 收集到的信息Theorem 定理；法则Valid representation 有确凿根据的陈述Hypothesis 假说；假设；学说Schematically 概要的Simplicity 简单的Monotonic function 单调函数Measurement constitute 测量组成Legal transformation 合法转换Congruent representation 适合的表述法第二单元Physical quantity 物理量Electrical potential difference 电势差Cardinal measurement 最重要的测量Jolt 重击，摇撼Mutual induction 互感Quotient 商数Thermostat 自动调温器Coil 线圈Alloy 合金Geometry 几何学，几何，几何图形，几何结构Coaxial 同轴的，同轴电缆的Cylinder 圆柱体，汽缸，圆柱形的容器Parasitic quantity 寄生量附属量Isolated measurement 隔离测量，独立测量Inanimate 死气沉沉的，没生命的，单调的Practicable 能实现的行得通的，可以实行的Conduct 引导，传到Consumer goods 消费商品Scarcity 缺乏，不足Extent 范围，程度Obscure 使暗，使不明显Corrupt 使恶化Sensitivity 敏感，灵敏，灵敏性Repetition 重复性Reproducible 能繁殖的，可再生的，可复写的Random errors 随机误差Ethical 与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的Modified variable 修改变量Irreversible process 不可改变的进程Psychological experiment 心里测试Catatonic state 紧张性神经病的状态Mental disorder 精神错乱Chronic schizophrenia 慢性精神分裂症Oscilloscope 示波器，示波管Rms 均方根Ferric 铁的，含铁的Chloride 氯化物漂白粉Significant digits 有效数字Rounding number 四舍五入的数Scientific way 科学方法Quantitative data 定量数据Categorize 分类Isolated value 分离量Empirical data 经验数据Raw or unprocessed data 原始数据、未经处理数据Processed data 已处理数据Theoretical calculations 理论计算Theoretical model 理论模型Mathematical computations 数学计算Meaningful manner 有意义的方式Data processing 数据处理Data reduction 数据简化Measurement instrument 测量工具Statistical processing 统计处理Experimental precision 精确实验Round-even 约偶、舍偶第三单元Measurement strategy 测量策略fluctuate 波动frequency spectrum 频谱coherent sampling 相干采样actual measurement signal 实际测量信号 skipped period 跳跃区间Reconstructed signal 重建的信号sampling oscilloscope 采样示波器arbitrary moment 任意时刻amplitude distribution function 振幅分布函数statistical parameter 统计参数Simultaneously 同时地sequentially 顺序地time multiplexing 时间多重操作Stroboscopic 频闪观测仪nonlinearity 非线性，非直线性systematic errors 系统误差random errors 随机误差inaccurate calibration 不准确的刻度mismatched impedance 不匹配的阻抗response-time error 反应时间误差oscillator 振荡器。