六级汉译英翻译
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六级汉译英讲义一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯,且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误,及时改正。
二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 ____ is 2.5 times greater than Force N2___________(比力N2大2.5倍).2) This substance __ reacts three times as fast as the other one _____________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3) The earth __is 49 times the size of the moon_____________(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord __ wants to raise the rent by a third _____________(想将租金提高三分之一).5) They __ plan to double their investment_____________(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态1) Be quick, __ or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church_____________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2) When she got home, _ the children had fallen asleep ______________(孩子们已经睡着了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ my sister will be taking hervacation at the seaside ______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).4) I_ have been revising my resume all the morning ______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).5) Do you often go on holiday? _ No. It has been five years since I went on holiday______________(不,我已经有五年没有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _ He has been in the army for 5 years______________(他参军已五年了).三、被动语态1) The blackboard and chalk _ is being replaced by the computer and the projector______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _ will have been published by the end of this year______________(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _ can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, __ I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated_____________(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _ Effective measures must be taken immediately ______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态动词1) The phone is ringing, _ but there is no answer. She can’t be at home______________(但是没人接听。
一、翻译命题原则和测试重点1. 汉译英题型2. 一般的短句翻译,内容日常,关键在正确用词、搭配、语法。
3. 实质为补全句子,考察语法结构和词组运用知识:句型、词组、单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等二、翻译原则与应试技巧1. 正确理解原文词义,正确选词,重点吃透原文例如:入世与否,对中国来讲,是一个面子问题。
The access to WTO, for China, is a question of dignity2. 注意词的搭配:重点是定语和中心词、动宾例如:1. 他整个下午都在忙着接电话。
He was busy answering the telephones all afternoon.2. 被告在法庭上承认了自己的罪行。
The accused confessed his crime in court.3. 具体翻译方法的运用(1)增译法:冠词、时态词、动态词、连词、概括词例如:a. 虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后modesty helps one to go forward, while conceitmakes one lag behind.例如: b.谁都知道战场是艰苦的Everyone knows that life on battlefields is very hard.(2)减词法a:使之符合英文习惯,不能死译例如:中国足球的落后状态必须改变。
The (state/condition of) backwardness of the Chinesefootball must be changed.总结:汉语中的范畴词在英文中往往省略,用英文中相应的抽象名词翻译,常考范畴词为:谦虚态度:modesty 发展过程:development残暴行为:brutality 同情心理:sympathy悲伤情绪:sadness 无知表现:innocence稳定性: stability 灵敏度:sensibility防爆措施:anti-violence 同化作用:assimilation(3)转换词性:重点是动词派生词、介词和副词例如a:看到喷气式飞机令我非常向往。
2014年6月英语六级真题翻译答案翻译一:2014年6月英语六级翻译答案(中文热词)中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化,有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。
例如,土豪和大妈都是老词,但已获取了新的意义。
土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主,现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人,也就是说,土豪有钱,但是没有品位。
大妈是对中年妇女的称呼,但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。
土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版的牛津(OXford)英语词典,至今约有120中文加进了牛津英语词典,成了英语语言的一部分。
【点评】本篇翻译内容为“热词”反映社会现象,可见汉译英的选材范围包括中国文化、社会、经济、政治、科技等等各个方面,在备考时要注重全面,而且要注重平时的积累。
相信对社会热点有所关注的话都能够准确理解原文内容,但是其中一些俗语的表达,比如“花钱如流水”等,要学会“意译”,表达出词语内涵而不是字对字翻译。
【参考译文】Chinese buzzwords usually mirror changes and culture in the society, and some of them are increasingly used by foreign media. For example, though old word they are, tuhao and dama have taken on new meanings now。
The word "tuhao" originally means urban lords who bully tenants and servants, but now it refers to rich people who enjoy squandering and flaunting their fortune. In other words, tuhao has much money but little taste. Meanwhile, originally meaning middle-aged women, the word "dama" is used to refer in particular to those Chinese women who snapped up gold when the price of gold plunged not long ago。
2012年六月翻译题及答案82. ____________________(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties。
答案: Their only son has never thought83. Before you take any action, please remember to_______________(权衡你的决定会产生的后果)答案: weigh your decision against its possible consequences。
84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances_________________(他会违背还钱的承诺)答案: would he break/breach his promise/commitment to pay back the money。
85. Most educators advise that kids ____________________ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏)。
答案:should not be addicted to computer games. / should not indulge themselves in computer games / should not abandon themselves to computer games。
86. Business major as he is, he has ____________________ (从未考虑过从事推销员的工作)。
答案:never considered working as a salesman。
2011年12月英语六级真题及答案汇总1. You shouldn't have run across the road without looking, you would have been knocked down by a car. (也许会被车撞到)解析:本题考察虚拟语气。
(一)词的翻译1.词义选择所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。
正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。
越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。
选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。
【原文】但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚,一起吃年夜饭。
【译文】However, New Year's Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gatherfor the annual reunion dinner.【分析】“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭,为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯,这里用的是annual reunion dinner,理解起来更容易。
(二)词类转换词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。
汉语的动态性和具体性特点使其在语言运用上多用动词。
英语则因其静态性和抽象性特点在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向。
在汉译英的过程中,适当转换词性,可以使泽文更符合英语表达习惯。
1、动词→名词一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原来应该由动词表达的概念,常需借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态规则变化的束缚,使用相对灵活、方便。
【原文】各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异。
【译文】Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place.【分析】原句中“欢度”是动词,但是如果译文中也用动词来表达,则整个句子的结构显得罗嗦,不够整洁,所以译文中用了“celebration”来表达,使得整个甸子更匀称、清晰。
2、动词→介词介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词也得以频繁出现。
作文号:375886题目:四级汉译英翻译:中国家庭文化原文:在传统的中国家庭文化中,同一祖先的几代后裔(descendants) 居住在一起,形成一个大家庭。
这种自治(autonomous)家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。
中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。
这和西方文化是一样的。
如今在中国,孩子跟父亲的姓或母亲的姓在法律上都是合法的。
除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外,人们的姓氏都是一样的。
译文:In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their father’s family name. This is the same as w estern culture. Nowadays in China it is legally fine for a child to follow either father’s family name or mother’s family name. Within each family system, of course people except those who joined this family system through marriage all have the same family name.作文号:375887题目:四级汉译英翻译:法定假日原文:中国人民依法享受超过115天的假期,其中包括104天的周末和11天的节假日。
大学英语新六级汉译英专项练习(附答案及解析)(-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1大学英语新六级汉译英专项练习(附答案及解析)一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处,换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来,不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯,且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容,是否有错译和漏译;其次,检查是否有语言上的明显错误,如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。
发现错误,及时改正。
二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).This substance _______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _______________(想将租金提高三分之一).They _______________(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态Be quick, _______________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). When she got home, _______________(孩子们已经睡着了).When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).I_______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).Do you often go on holiday _______________(不,我已经有五年没有度假了). He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他参军已五年了).三、被动语态The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).The book _______________(到今年年底就将已出版).Computer models _______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料)._______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态动词The phone is ringing, _______________(但是没人接听。
大学英语六级考试翻译技巧(5个)1.增词有时为了能充分表达中文的含义,有必要增加词语来使英文的表达更加具体。
例如:新冠肺炎可具体以通过人的手传染。
译文为:COVID-19can be spread by hand contact.contact(接触)就是根据译文需要添加的。
2.减词有时,中文里的一些词没有实际含义,翻译时可以适当删去,让译文更简单。
比如:政府十分重视环境保护的问题。
The government attaches great importance to environmental protection.“的问题”属于多余的成分,指的就是环境保护,因此可以减词,不用翻译“的问题”。
3.词性转换词性转换的技巧在汉译英中十分常用,比如动词转名词,动词转介词。
例如:各国必须同心协力,构筑一个和平的世界。
译文:All countries must work together for a peaceful world.中文的动词“构筑”转换为了介词for。
4.切换主语汉译英时,名词原则上都可以做主语。
因此,直译不通时可以选择切换主语。
比如:过去40年,中国发生了天翻地覆的变化。
译文:In the past forty years,great changes have taken place in China.这句话也可以用中国或过去40年做主语:--In the past forty years,China has seen great changes.--The past forty years have seen great changes in China.5.分译与合译中文经常会出现很长一句话,全部用逗号连接的情况,翻译的时候可以适当按照意群分开翻译。
比如:中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网,高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升,更多的城市将修建高铁站。
这句话就可以分开翻译:China now has the largest and fastest high-speed railway network in the world.The speed of high-speed trains will go on to be improved.More and more cities are building their high-speed railway stations.(原文中三个逗号,译文分开翻译了)同时,两个较简短的汉语句子也可以合译成一句英文,用连接词来衔接。
四、六级翻译4大类话题分类词汇总四、六级改革后,大纲中对汉译英的段落翻译明确规定:主要考查中国的文化、历史、经济、社会发展等方面的汉语段落翻译。
马上就考试啦,童鞋们不妨根据不同话题背诵相关词汇哦!【文化类】发源地:birthplace文化遗址:the…culture Site象征:the symbol of…见证、经历:witness杰作:masterpiece世界文化遗产名录:Lists of World Heritage奠基者:founder著名的:renowned文明:civilization吉祥物:mascot吉利的:auspicious纪念:commemorate由……组成:comprise of追溯到:date back to继承:inherit发扬:carry forward传统的:traditional特征:characteristic独特的:unique特产:specialty民间的:folk传说的:legendary【历史类】皇室的:imperial朝代:dynasty妃嫔:concubine历史的:historic庆典:celebration祭祀:sacrifice等级制度:hierarchy system 在……的鼎盛时期:flourishing period 儒家的:Confucian瓷器:porcelain象形文字:Pictographic character 原始社会:primitive society封建的:feudal古老的:ancient革命:revolution爱国的:patriotic迄今为止:up till now兴起于……:prosper in…闭关政策:exclusion policy大使:ambassador帝国:empire摇篮:cradle发源于:originate from…统一:unify发掘:evacuate遗迹:relic神话:myth【经济类】改革开放:opening-up reform 合资企业:joint venture私营企业:private enterprise 购买力:purchasing power通货膨胀:inflation附加值的:value-added稳健的货币政策:a prudent monetary policy预算:budget资金:capital社会福利:social welfare财政的:fiscal经济调节:economic regulation公平竞争:fair competition收支平衡:make ends meet技术密集型产业:technology-intensive industry 劳动密集型产业:labor-intensive industry出口:export进口:import专利:patent退休金:pension生产力:productivity大萧条:recession零售:retail销售额:sales volume长期国债:long-term government bonds供给:supply增长两倍:triple城镇化:urbanization房地产:real estate【社会发展】实施:implement推行:carry out教育体制:educational system科教兴国:rejuvenate our country through science and education 把……放在优先发展的战略地位:place strategic priority on…;共同努力:joint effort就业机会:job opportunity缓解:relieve改善:improve辉煌的成就:brilliant achievements初步成效:initial effect投入使用:be put into use自然资源丰富:rich natural resources人才资源:human resources重要指标:key index使丰富:enrich着手解决问题:deal with issues更多资料加群免费领取,QQ群号:222703108。
2021年大学英语六级翻译技巧复习资料(二)由于英、汉语言本身表达方式和基本结构上的差异,大多汉语的连珠四字句不可能译得历历俱足、字字对应的,不然,其本身附带的冗余信息将会进入译文表达,造成英译汉化、行文堆砌等诸多弊端。
因而在翻译时,人们往往借用英语灵活多样的语法手段,或AP(包括副词),或PP,或NP,或分词短语甚至从句,将汉语整齐划一的四字连珠拆分开来,构成译文上下“叠加”的主从复合句式,这是英语的常态,十分地道,也是有效处理汉语连珠四字句的常用手法之一。
例如:例1.这里气候温和,四季分明,雨量充沛,日照充足,适合多种农作物生长栽培。
Endowed with a temperate climate and well- marked seasons, it enjoys plenty of rainfall and sunshine, favorable for growing crops.齐整的连珠四字句被生生拆散,按英语的事理顺序构成逻辑主次分明的句式,使用的语法手段也比汉语丰富的多。
例2.改革要从实际出发,整体推进,重点突破,循序渐进,注重制度建设和创新。
The reform must be promoted realistically, comprehensively and progressively with breakthroughs made in key areas and emphasis placed on institutional improvement and innovation.又是vp+ ap+ pp 结构,紧凑而简洁,语气强烈。
下面这段古画介绍文字,同样采用了这种译法:例3.此图用笔细劲古朴,笔道绵延,如春蚕吐丝,始终如一,人物形态安详,刻画入微,设色鲜艳厚重,富丽华贵。
……The lines of the picture are thin, vigorous and unsophisticated, but they are unbroken, like a long thread of a silkworm. The figures, meticulously depicted, all look composed. The painting' s color scheme is bright, generous and splendid…. (《中国文学》汉英双语版,2000/ 1: 128)汉语四字一顿、八字对偶(还有六四骈体对偶),节奏铿锵,连贯如珠;译文则打破这种节奏和排列,换作英语的常式(AP 铺排、单句拆分、主从复合),将原文信息准确分解出来,细致入微,达意传情,可谓异曲同工。
北京计划未来三年投资7600亿元治理污染,从减少PM 2.5排放入手。
这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源,包括500多万辆机动车的尾气(exhaust)排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。
另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污(sewage)处理设施.加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林(forestation)。
市政府还计划建造一批水循环利用工厂,并制止违章建筑,以改善环境。
另外,北京还将更严厉地处罚违反限排规定的行为。
Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control environmental pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of PM2.5. The newly announced plan aims to reduce the four major pollution sources, including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning of the surrounding areas, sandstorms from the north areas and the local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used for establishing or upgrading the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage’ treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be invested in the forestation program in the coming three years.In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to build a number of water-recycling plants and to prohibit illegal constructions. In addition, Beijing will punish those who violate the emission-reduction regulations more severely.中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化,有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。
例如,土豪(tuhao)和大妈(dama)都是老词,但已获取了新的意义。
土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主,现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。
也就是说,土豪有钱,但没有品位。
大妈是对中年妇女的称呼,但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。
土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津(Oxford)英语词典。
至今已有约120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典,成了英语语言的一部分。
Chinese hot words usually reflect social changes and culture, and some of them are becoming increasingly popular in foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for example, are both old words, but they have gained new meanings.Tuhao used to mean landlords in the countryside who oppress their tenants and servants, but now it refers to those who spend money without control or those who like to show off their wealth. That is to say, a tuhao owns a lot of money but has no taste. Dama is used to describe middle-aged women, but now it refers specifically to those Chinese ladies who bought gold in bulk when gold price fell not long ago.The words tuhao and dama may be included in the new edition of Oxford English Dictionary. So far, about 120 Chinese words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.最近,中国科学院(Chinese Academy of Sciences)出版了关于其最新科学发现与未来一年展望的年度系列报告。
系列报告包括三部分:科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。
第一份报告包含中国科学家的最新发现,诸如新粒子研究与H7N9病毒研究的突破。
该报告还突出强调了未来几年需要关注的问题。
第二份报告公布了一些应用科学研究的热门领域,如3D打印和人造器官研究。
第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计,以消除工业升级中的结构性障碍,并促进节能减排。
Recently, Chinese Academy of Sciences has published a series of annual reports about its latest scientific discoveries and a blueprint for the coming year. The reports consist of three parts: science development, high-technology development, China’s sustainable development strategy. The first one includes the latest discoveries by Chinese scientists, such as the research of new particles and the breakthrough of the H7N9 virus research. The report also highlights the issues that need to be concerned in the next few years. The second one announces some hot areas of applied science research, for instance, three-D printing and artificial organ research. The last one suggests enhancing top-level designs to remove structural barriers arising from industrial upgrading and promote energy conservation and emissions reduction.反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。
这在很大程度上归功于道家对自然的感情。
传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题,一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景,画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶,男人在耕耘收割,妇女在织布缝衣,小孩在户外玩耍。
另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣,画有渔夫在湖上打鱼,农夫在山上砍柴采药,或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。
这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。
The ideal of country life reflected in art and literature serves as the significant feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection to nature. There are two most preferred themes in the traditional Chinese painting. One is the various scenes of happiness about family life, in which the old man often plays chess and drinks tea, a man ploughs or harvests, a woman weaves or sews, and children play outdoors. The other scene is all kinds of pleasures about country life, in which a fisherman is fishing on the lake, with a farmer cutting firewood or gathering herbs in the mountains, or scholars chanting poems and painting pictures under pine trees. The two themes respectively represent the life ideal of Confucianism and Taoism.自从1978年启动改革以来,中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济,经历了经济和社会的快速发展。
平均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。
联合国的“千年(millennium)发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。
目前,中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。
政府已设定目标减少污染,提高能源效率,改善得到教育和医保的机会,并扩大社会保障。
中国现在7%的经济年增长目标表明政府是在重视生活质量而不是增长速度。
Since the reform in 1978, with the rapid development of economy and society, Chinese economy has transferred into market economy from command economy. The average 10% growth of GDP has lifted more than 500 million people out of poverty. The Millennium Goal of the U.N. has been fully or partially achieved throughout China. At present, the 12th Five-year Plan in China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solution of imbalance of environment and society. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve educational opportunities and medical insurance and expand social security. The 7% growth annual goal demonstrates that the government is concentrating on the quality of life rather than the speed of growth.中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。