unit 5 crime and punishment

五常罚站曲英语版The Five Punishments: A Tale of RedemptionIn the annals of Chinese history, there exists a fascinating and intricate system of justice known as the Five Punishments. This intricate web of consequences was designed to maintain order and instill a sense of moral responsibility within the citizenry. At the heart of this system lies a tale of redemption, a story that transcends the boundaries of time and culture, speaking to the universal human experience of growth, atonement, and the pursuit of a better tomorrow.The Five Punishments, or Wuchang, were a set of graduated penalties that ranged from the relatively mild to the severe. They included: Caning, Exile, Mutilation, Castration, and the ultimate punishment, Death. These punishments were not merely designed to inflict pain or suffering; rather, they were intended to serve as a means of rehabilitation, a way for the offender to confront their misdeeds and ultimately find a path towards redemption.The story begins with a young man, let us call him Feng, who had found himself ensnared in a web of his own making. Driven by a thirst for power and a disregard for the well-being of others, Feng had committed a heinous crime, one that shook the very foundations of his community. As the authorities closed in, Feng faced the stark reality of his actions and the impending judgment that would follow.Summoned before the magistrate, Feng trembled, his heart racing with a mixture of fear and shame. The magistrate, a figure of wisdom and uncompromising integrity, listened intently to Feng's account, weighing the gravity of his transgressions. After careful deliberation, the magistrate pronounced Feng's sentence: he would undergo the first of the Five Punishments – Caning.The caning, a public spectacle that served as a stark reminder of the consequences of one's misdeeds, was a humbling experience for Feng. As the bamboo rods struck his flesh, the pain seared through his body, and he found himself forced to confront the true nature of his actions. In that moment, the weight of his guilt became palpable, and Feng began to understand the depth of the harm he had caused.Following the caning, Feng was exiled from his home, forced to wander the vast expanse of the empire, stripped of the comforts and security he had once taken for granted. This Punishment of Exile was a test of resilience, a journey of self-discovery that would challengeFeng to confront his own demons and find the strength to rebuild his life.As Feng traversed the unfamiliar landscape, he encountered individuals from all walks of life, each with their own stories of struggle and redemption. Through these chance encounters, Feng began to see the world through a new lens, one that expanded his understanding of the human experience. He witnessed acts of kindness and compassion that had eluded him in his previous life, and slowly, a transformation began to take root within him.Time passed, and Feng's journey of atonement continued. He faced the Punishment of Mutilation, where he was forced to endure the removal of a body part as a permanent mark of his transgressions. This act, while agonizing, served as a stark reminder of the gravity of his crimes and the need for sincere remorse and change.As Feng grappled with the physical and emotional scars of his ordeal, he found solace in the teachings of wise elders and the support of those who had once been strangers. Through their guidance and the power of his own introspection, Feng began to cultivate a deeper sense of empathy and a newfound commitment to living a life of virtue and service.The Punishment of Castration, the next step in Feng's journey,presented an even greater challenge. This act, which robbed him of his very manhood, was a crushing blow to his sense of identity and self-worth. Yet, Feng faced it with a resolve that surprised even himself, for he had come to understand that true redemption lies not in the preservation of one's physical being, but in the transformation of one's character.Finally, Feng reached the last and most severe of the Five Punishments – Death. As he stood before the executioner, Feng's heart was filled not with fear, but with a profound sense of acceptance. He had come to terms with the consequences of his actions and was ready to embrace the ultimate price, knowing that his life would serve as a cautionary tale and a testament to the power of personal transformation.In the end, Feng's journey through the Five Punishments was not merely a tale of punishment and suffering, but a story of redemption and the triumph of the human spirit. Through his trials and tribulations, he had emerged as a changed man, one who had learned to value the sanctity of life, the importance of empathy, and the transformative power of personal accountability.The legacy of the Five Punishments lives on, not as a mere historical curiosity, but as a profound reflection on the human condition and the enduring quest for justice and moral renewal. Feng's story servesas a reminder that even the darkest of deeds can be redeemed, that the path to a better tomorrow begins with the courage to confront one's own shortcomings and the humility to embrace the transformative power of the human spirit.。

1 In every society, there are mechanisms for the declaration, alteration, administration, and the enforcement of the rules by which people live. Not all societies, however, utilize a formal legal system (courts, judges, lawyers, and law enforcement agencies) to the same degree. Historically, law development and industrialization, urbanization, and modernization are closely intertwined. The law and society literature suggests that the more complex the society, the more differentiated the legal system. Underlying this proposition is the notion that legal development is conditioned by a series of demands stemming from society’s economic, political, educational, and religious institutions. Based on the complexity and magnitude of the interplay among the institutions and between these institutions and the law, several types of legal systems may be identified in the course of societal development.1在每一个社会,有机制的宣言,变更、管理和人们生活的规则的执行。

《防止及惩治危害种族罪公约》（Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide）公约全文（联合国大会1948年12月9日第260A（Ⅲ）号）决议批准并提请各国签字及批准或加入生效：按照第十三条的规定，于1951年1月12日生效。

缔约国，鉴于联合国大会在其1946年12月11日第96（Ⅰ）号决议内曾声明灭绝种族系国际法上的一种罪行，违背联合国的精神与宗旨，且为文明世界所不容，认为有史以来，灭绝种族行为殃祸人类至为惨烈，深信欲免人类再遭此类狞恶之浩劫，国际合作实所必需，兹议定条款如下：第一条缔约国确认灭绝种族行为，不论发生于平时或战时，均系国际法上的一种罪行，承允防止并惩治之。

第二条本公约内所称灭绝种族系指蓄意全部或局部消灭某一民族、人种、种族或宗教团体，犯有下列行为之一者：（a）杀害该团体的成员；（b）致使该团体的成员在身体上或精神上遭受严重伤害；（c）故意使该团体处于某种生活状况下，以毁灭其全部或局部的生命；（d）强制施行办法，意图防止该团体内的生育；（e）强迫转移该团体的儿童至另一团体。

第三条下列行为应予惩治：（a）灭绝种族；（b）预谋灭绝种族；（c）直接公然煽动灭绝种族；（d）意图灭绝种族；（e）共谋灭绝种族。

第四条凡犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者，无论其为依宪法负责的统治者，公务员或私人，均应惩治之。

第五条缔约国承允各依照其本国宪法制定必要的法律，以实施本公约各项规定，而对于犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者尤应规定有效的惩治。

第六条凡被诉犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者，应交由行为发生地国家的主管法院，或缔约国接受其管辖权的国际刑事法庭审理之。

第七条灭绝种族罪及第三条所列其他行为不得视为政治罪行，俾便引渡。

缔约国承诺遇有此类案件时，各依照其本国法律及现行条约，予以引渡。

第八条任何缔约国得提请联合国的主管机关遵照联合国宪章，采取其认为适当的行动，以防止及惩治灭绝种族的行为或第三条所列任何其他行为。

Unit 3. Part one. Crime and punishment.2. Exercises. 1. Listen to someone talking about prison and then answer the following questions.About 7 out of 10 people released from prison end up in prison again sooner or later. A lot of people think this simply indicates that once a person becomes a criminal he will probably remain a criminal. But of course it doesn’t necessarily mean that at all. On the contrary it could equally suggest that being in prison actually makes people more likely to commit crimes. After all prisons are full of criminals, and this means that someone going to prison for the first time is going to meet a lot more criminals than he’s met before, so he will probably learn a lot about crime during his stay there. The fact that so many people get rearrested also suggests that prisons aren’t doing enough to train people for jobs they can do when they get out. If they were given this training ex-prisoners wouldn’t need to turn to crime again to make a living.2. Listen again and then supply the missing information in the following passage.Part 2. Statements.2. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1) After considering an interviewing a dozen or so of candidates, finally I have selected Mr. Stock to assume the position of company secretary.2) In the office Tom likes people to let him have his own way, never allowing himself to be ordered about by someone else.3) As I lived far away from the school and thought of buying a second hand car, I would have bought Sam’s car if I had known he was selling it.4) I am not sure whether the whole class is going on the trip to Cambridge over the weekend, not everyone has paid the transportation fee.5) John lives quite near here, and he told me that he would come early. I don’t understand why John hasn’t arrived yet.6) The plane was due at 7:15, but it was delayed two and a half hours because of the bad weather in this area.7) With the final exams being only 2 weeks away, Emily should have studied instead of going to the party on Saturday night.8) After the tennis match Brown went to the locker room to take a shower and White who lives nearby went home.9) My father has always supported what I am going to do. I have no idea why he objected so strongly to this plan of mine.10) I am considering buying my own car and driving to work, but I don't get a study menu for my drivers test. I will have someone pick up one for me.11) I heard that Peter was not in class today. What I want to know is if he still coming to my party tonight.12) His topic was very interesting. And that’s why the attendance was great at first. But he spoke so badly that everyone got up and left in the middle of his speech.13) Our plane has been circling for a long time. I am told that the airport was closed for a while and the things still aren’t back to normal.14) Although we arrived early the line was so long that there were no seats left when wefinally got to the head of it.15) Only serious efforts will be amply rewarded, just regretting past failures will not help us to prepare for future examinations.16) The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business. It is an ideal time to stock up on coffee.17) If we had not had a flat tire we would have arrived on time at 2:30 instead of at 3:30.18) I can never tell if it’s Lisa or Gale on the phone, their voices are so similar. But that is about the only thing they have in common for sisters.19) Those are great sneakers. I never could have bought them if the shoe store wasn’t havinga big sale.20) I am not sure whether John has registered for biochemistry next semester. But as far as I know ha hasn’t taken an all prerequisites yet.Part 3. 2. Exercises.1. The victim of a crime. Listen to the following conversation and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.W: Andrew, I know you’ve been the victim of the crime.M: Well, actually I was robbed several times. The worst time was when my apartment was burglarized. I got home, and saw the lock of my door had been broken, and the apartment was ran sect.W: What was taken?M: They took my camera, my stereo, my paper work, I lost irreplaceable personal items. W: Were you scared?M: No, I was angry. And I felt helpless. Because I knew I could never find out what really happened. And I knew I would never get my stuff back. It’s like a feeling of violation when you know that someone has broken into your private space and taken your things. I called the police so that I could have a record of what was stolen for tax purposes. But they never caught the thief.W: And that wasn’t the first time you are robbed?M: No, I have had things taken by pick pockets. Once someone took my wallet on the subway. And there was a letter from my girl friend in that I’d like to carry arround with me. Not really important I suppose, but it had symbolic value. And when something like that happens you lose a part of your past. That time I felt angry at myself, because they always tell you not to put your wallet in your back pocket.Questions:1) What was Andrew’s worst experience of a crime?2) Andrew mentions several things that had been stolen in that case. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) How did Andrew feel after what it happened to him?4) Why did Andrew report the theft to the police?5) Which of the following statements is true about his having had things taken by pick pockets?2. How to stay safe in the city? Listen to the following passage about how to prevent crimes and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.Yes. So we in the police force had to have a lot of problems which could easily be avoided bytaking a minimum of care and using a bit of common sense. The kind of things I am talking about are muggings, assaults, robberies, and in some cases rape. Now I know you are all young and you want to enjoy yourselves. That’s OK. I don’t want to spoil your fun. So I have tried to tell you how to avoid putting yourselves and your property at risk. For all the girls here if you are in a bar or disco that make very sure that your handbag or purse is where you can keep an eye on it, not on the floor or on another chair. If you want to dance, ask friend to take care of it or take it with you. For the gentlemen, don’t walk around with your wallet stuck in a back pocket of your trousers. It’s easy meet for a pick pocket, believe me. If you are driving, park in a public car park, or at least in a well lit area if it’s at night. Thieves love to find a car in a quiet dark road. As you are all foreigners here, don’t carry a lot of cash with you. And the same goes for passports, identity cards, and other important documents. For your own personal security, it is always better to go home by bus or taxi if it’s late. If you have to walk home late at nigh, go with some friends. If you are alone, stick to well lit areas. Should you see a group of people looking for trouble, cross over the road and if you really think someone is going to bother you, bang on the door of the nearest house and ask for help. Oh, another word of warning, don’t hitch lifts. It’s asking for trouble. If a car stops to ask for information, just keep well clear of the door so you can see what the people want. This isn’t a dangerous town if you are sensible. To close, I just want to say that in this country it is illegal to carry a knife, spray, or anything that can be used as a weapon, even if it is for self-defense. Questions:1) Who do you think is giving this talk?2) What is his talk mainly about?3) What kind of people is he talking to?4) When you go home late at night which of the following things are you advised not to do?5) Which of the following statements is true according to the talk?6) Which of the following types of crime is not cautioned against in the talk?3. You left an informal report. Listen to the following dialogue and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.M: You left an informal report with sergeant Dorgans. There is just a couple of things I’d like to check on. Could you describe the goal to me in a bit more detail please.W: Yes, she was darkish. I should think she was between 25 and 30 round about. And she had shortish hair. I think she had a fringe but untidy.M: Did you notice the clothing at all?W: She had a white collar, open neck shirt, I think, over blouse or what look like a velvet jacket. But I can’t remember the color. I think it was a green or a brown, but it was some dark color.M: OK. Well, let’s go to the man of what you saw. If you could just describe it to me, because there wasn’t much on the report that you left with the sergeant.W: Yes, well, I noticed he was wearing a funny kind of woolen jacket.M: A balky sort of jacket, was it? Thick or …W: Well, yes, not really very balky. It looked as if it was neated, and had a sort of woolen color. And I think he was wearing an open neck shirt too. He was younger than her. I should think he was in his early 20s.M: And she looked older.W: She looked a bit older to me. And he had his hair brush back.M: Yes. Anything about the shirt that you noticed. Was it just a plain white shirt or was it any other sort?W: I think it was striped, but I can’t be perfectly sure. But I do remember his hair was sort of wavy and brushed back in shortish.M: OK. Well, that’s fine. Thanks very much. If you leave your phone number with the desk sergeant, maybe we will contact you in a near future.Questions:1) What are the two speakers doing?2) Who does the woman speaker describe?3) What’s the age of the woman being described?4) What’s the age of the man being described?5) What’s in common in the clothing of these 2 people being described?Part four. Listening and translation.3. Exercises. 1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) I hope I can meet you sometime next week to discuss the further details of the contract. Would Monday morning suit you?2) The fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium sized businesses.3) Computers can be designed for many specialized purposes. They can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess.4) The entertainment profession or show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately only very few can hope to become famous and prosperous.5) Statistics show that the US continues to be Scotland’s top export destination, with an estimated 2.1 billion pounds of exports in 2006, an increase of 5 million pounds since 2005.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You man take notes while you are listening.1) When I worked for a boss and a regular paycheck, my wife had to push me out of bed in the mornings. I hate the alarm clock. I hate the sun rises. After I quit and started working for myself, everything changed. It didn’t take long. The first morning I jumped out of bed set myself up and started going. Now the great part, I was doing exactly the same job. The difference was I was doing it for myself. Everything I made belonged to me.2) I would like to know that the wooden construction exhibition was successful for us. We have found a new line of activity for our company. A vast majority of visitors at our stand were very interested in the new energy efficient heating system, they reduces energy consumption by 40 to 50 percent. On the whole our company is very satisfied without exhibition was organized. We are planning to participate in the exhibition next year and the year after next.Unit ThreePart One Crime and PunishmentTo release ~ sb/sth (from sth) 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]Ex-prisoner 前服刑人员Part twoCandidate求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人To assume假定; 假设; 设想; 以为/假装/开始从事; 承担; 担任Locker寄存柜To object不赞成（某人[某事]）; 反对; 抗议Manual手工的; 手制的; 手控的To stock up on you buy a lot of it, in case you cannot get it laterSneakers He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋. Sneak告状; 打小报告sneak into悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜Biochemistry scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学Prerequisite / ˏpriːˈrekwɪzɪt;priˋrɛkwəzɪt/ adj/n 必备; 作为先决条件Part threeTo mug户外）行凶抢劫（某人mug sth up突击式学习To burglarize steal from 盗窃burglar 窃贼To ransack ~ sth (for sth) 彻底搜索（某处Assault ~ (on sth)突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击At riskIdentity cardTo hitch lifts免费搭私人车Spray喷雾器To spot 瞥见; 发觉Culprit / kʌlprɪt;ˋkʌlprɪt/ n犯过者; 犯罪者Someone broke a cup: who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯. Sergeant / sɑːdʒənt;ˋsɑrdʒənt/ n 缩写Sergt, Sgt中士Fringe刘海儿（地方﹑群体或活动的）外围Striped / straɪpt;ˋstraɪpt/ adj以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的Part FourEngagement雇用、正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式、订婚、约会Payroll The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time.Prepare payrollTipNeighborhood Watch programThe fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment消费电子和各种数码娱乐产品. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. 主要面向中小型企业的专业人士和代表Designed for many specialized purposes 为专业需要而设计Prepare payroll，guide airplane flights, direct traffic. Even play chess准备工资单，指引飞机航行，指挥交通，下象棋The entertainment profession/ show business娱乐业/ 娱乐圈Become famous and prosperous 成名致富Statistics show。

Unit 11Criminal LawTextⅠCrime and PunishmentDictionary Workoffence, omission, prosecute, compensate, concurrently, plead, felony, incarceration, mala in se, mala prohibita, inherently, fornication, sodomy, heritage, espouse (v.), notwithstanding, perpetrator, justifiable, proclaim, adhere toPre-reading Questions1.What is a crime?2.How many classifications of the crime are there as far as you know?3.What is the relationship between criminal law and punishment?Definition1For many countries one of the most serious domestic problem is crime. What is a crime? How to give it a definition?It varies from country to country and from time to time. A crime or offence is an illegal act, omission or event, whether or not it is also a tort, a breach of contract or a breach of trust, the principal consequence of which is that the offender, if he is detected and it is decided to prosecute, is prosecuted by or in the name of the State, and if he is found guilty is liable to be punished whether or not he is also ordered to compensate his victim.2 A wrong is a breach of a rule; it may be moral or legal according to whether the rule is one of morality or law. Legal wrongs may be civil or criminal, and this distinction depends upon that between civil and criminal law. The civil law is primarily concerned with the rights and duties of individuals among themselves, whereas the criminal law defines the duties which a person owes to society, but a legal wrong may be both civil and criminal.3Sometimes, the same conduct may be both a civil wrong and a crime. There are many cases in which one who commits a tort is also guilty of a crime. Assaults and collisions between vehicles are two out of numerous examples. Where a crime is also a civil wrong, criminal and civil proceedings may usually take place concurrently and the one is normally no bar to the other.4The only exception to this rule of any general importance is that, where criminal proceedings are taken in a magistrates’ court in respect of a common assault or battery by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, the defendant is released from all other proceedings, civil or criminal, for the same cause, if he obtains the magistrates’ certificate of the dismissal of the complaint or undergoes the punishment inflicted upon him. A certificate of dismissal must be issued if the magistrates decide that the offence is not proved, or if proved is so trifling as not to merit any punishment. Thepower to dismiss a case even though the offence is proved, which is peculiar to the above off ences, depends on there having been a hearing “on the merits” and this will not have occurred if the accused pleaded guilty.Criminal Law Classifications5Criminal law classifies crimes according to various criteria, including (1) the nature and degree of p enalty attached, (2) the nature and degree of “evil” involved, and (3) the kind of social harm.Felony, Misdemeanor, and Violation6 The past influences present criminal law. The great legal historian Frederic William Maitland maintained that the reasons for old classifications may have long since died, but their ghost ruel us from the grave. He meant that even when classifications have outlived their usefulness, they influence present practice. The classification that divides crimes into felonies and misdemeanors represents one example of the past ruling us from the grave. Historically, felonies were crimes punishable by death. Present law divides felonies into capital felonies and ordinary felonies. Therefore, the category includes both serial killers such as Ted Bundy at one extreme and individuals who steal £500 at the other. The breadth of its scope makes the classification largely meaningless in any sociological sense. It serves mainly as an administrative device to determine who gets the death penalty, life imprisonment, or incarceration in a state prison.7 Misdemeanors include crimes punishable either by fines or up to one year in jail. Common misdemeanors include simple assaults and battery, prostitution, and disorderly conduct. Most jurisdictions divide misdemeanors into gross misdemeanors.A third category of crime is violation. Traffic offenses fall into this group..Mala in se and Mala Prohibita8Another legal classification sorts crimes according to their perceived “evil.” This old arrangement overlaps the felony, misdemeanor, and violation categories and defines some crimes as inherently bad (the Latin mala in se). Crimes such as murder and rape fall into this category. Other behavior constitutes a crime only because the law says so (the Latin mala prohibita). Parking in a “no parking” zone is malum prohibitum.9This classification reflects American criminal law’s roots in the religious and moral codes of England and colonial America. Although frequently viewed as a preoccupation of the New England Puritans, the Anglicans of Virginia, Pennsylvania Quakers, and Maryland Catholics also infused criminal law with a moral component. The major felonies and “morals” offenses, fornication, prostitution, sodomy, gambling, and public drunkenness, descend from this religious and moral heritage.10In practice, no bright line separates mala in se and mala prohibita offenses. In fact, research demonstrates that despite legal theories espousing the distinction, and notwithstanding talk of an ethical core in the criminal law, perpetrators consider manycrimes formally classified mala in se “justifiable”-that is, a means to put right a keenly felt wrong. They believe their conduct may have been “technically” a crime, but definitely not evil. Despite these findings, legal theorists cling to the distinction.Crime, Law and Punishment11 “N o crime without law and no punishment without law” proclaim two ancient maxims governing formal criminal justice. Formally, modern criminal law adheres to these maxims in the firmly fixed principle of legality that underlies the substantive criminal law, that is, the law that defines what constitutes a crime. The principle of legality also applies to the law of criminal procedure, the law that prescribes how the government enforces the substantive criminal law, in such constitutional commands as “no deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law” and the guarantee of equal protection of the laws.12In practice, much reprehensible conduct, some of which causes considerable harm, occurs in every society. Neither all of that conduct nor all of that harm constitutes a crime. The law determines the distinction between unethical, immoral injury that justifies non-criminal legal action and criminal conduct and harm. To qualify as crimes, conduct or harm must satisfy five requirements; (1) A specific law prohibits the conduct and/or harm. (2) The law prescribes a penalty for the prohibited conduct and/or harm. (3) The particular law conforms to the general purposes and principles of criminal law. (4) The government must adhere to the rules of procedure in administering and enforcing the criminal law. (5) The punishment prescribed and actually administered accords with the Constitution’s prohibition against cruel an d unusual punishment.(1089words) Cross Jones &Card, Introduction to Criminal Law, 11th edition, Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd.; Joel Samaha, Criminal Justice, 2nd edition, West Publishing CompanyNotes_________________________1.capital felony: Crime punishable by death or life imprisonment.可判死刑或终生监禁的重罪。

Unit 3. Part one. Crime and punishment.2. Exercises. 1. Listen to someone talking about prison and then answer the following questions.About 7 out of 10 people released from prison end up in prison again sooner or later. A lot of people think this simply indicates that once a person becomes a criminal he will probably remain a criminal. But of course it doesn’t necessarily mean that at al l. On the contrary it could equally suggest that being in prison actually makes people more likely to commit crimes. After all prisons are full of criminals, and this means that someone going to prison for the first time is going to meet a lot more crimina ls than he’s met before, so he will probably learn a lot about crime during his stay there. The fact that so many people get rearrested also suggests that prisons aren’t doing enough to train people for jobs they can do when they get out. If they were given this training ex-prisoners wouldn’t need to turn to crime again to make a living.2. Listen again and then supply the missing information in the following passage.Part 2. Statements.2. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1) After considering an interviewing a dozen or so of candidates, finally I have selected Mr. Stock to assume the position of company secretary.2) In the office Tom likes people to let him have his own way, never allowing himself to be ordered about by someone else.3) As I lived far away from the school and thought of buying a second hand car, I would have bought Sam’s car if I had known he was selling it.4) I am not sure whether the whole class is going on the trip to Cambridge over the weekend, not everyone has paid the transportation fee.5) John lives quite near here, and he told me that he would come early. I don’t understand why John hasn’t arrived yet.6) The plane was due at 7:15, but it was delayed two and a half hours because of the bad weather in this area.7) With the final exams being only 2 weeks away, Emily should have studied instead of going to the party on Saturday night.8) After the tennis match Brown went to the locker room to take a shower and White who lives nearby went home.9) My father has always supported what I am going to do. I have no idea why he objected so strongly to this plan of mine.10) I am considering buying my own car and driving to work, but I don't get a study menu for my drivers test. I will have someone pick up one for me.11) I heard that Peter was not in class today. What I want to know is if he still coming to my party tonight.12) His topic was very interesting. And that’s why the attendance was great at first. Bu t he spoke so badly that everyone got up and left in the middle of his speech.13) Our plane has been circling for a long time. I am told that the airport was closed for a while and the things still aren’t back to normal.14) Although we arrived early the line was so long that there were no seats left when wefinally got to the head of it.15) Only serious efforts will be amply rewarded, just regretting past failures will not help us to prepare for future examinations.16) The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business. It is an ideal time to stock up on coffee.17) If we had not had a flat tire we would have arrived on time at 2:30 instead of at 3:30.18) I can never tell if it’s Lisa or Gale on the phone, their voices are so similar. But that is about the only thing they have in common for sisters.19) Those are great sneakers. I never could have bought them if the shoe store wasn’t havinga big sale.20) I am not sure whether John has registered for biochemistry next semester. But as far as I know ha hasn’t taken an all prerequisites yet.Part 3. 2. Exercises.1. The victim of a crime. Listen to the following conversation and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.W: Andr ew, I know you’ve been the victim of the crime.M: Well, actually I was robbed several times. The worst time was when my apartment was burglarized. I got home, and saw the lock of my door had been broken, and the apartment was ran sect.W: What was taken?M: They took my camera, my stereo, my paper work, I lost irreplaceable personal items. W: Were you scared?M: No, I was angry. And I felt helpless. Because I knew I could never find out what really happened. And I knew I would never get my stuff back. It’s like a feeling of violation when you know that someone has broken into your private space and taken your things. I called the police so that I could have a record of what was stolen for tax purposes. But they never caught the thief.W: And that wasn’t the first time you are robbed?M: No, I have had things taken by pick pockets. Once someone took my wallet on the subway. And there was a letter from my girl friend in that I’d like to carry arround with me. Not really important I suppose, but it had symbolic value. And when something like that happens you lose a part of your past. That time I felt angry at myself, because they always tell you not to put your wallet in your back pocket.Questions:1) What was Andrew’s worst experience of a crime?2) Andrew mentions several things that had been stolen in that case. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) How did Andrew feel after what it happened to him?4) Why did Andrew report the theft to the police?5) Which of the following statements is true about his having had things taken by pick pockets?2. How to stay safe in the city? Listen to the following passage about how to prevent crimes and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.Yes. So we in the police force had to have a lot of problems which could easily be avoided bytaking a minimum of care and using a bit of common sense. The kind of things I am talking about are muggings, assaults, robberies, and in some cases rape. Now I know you are all young and you want to enjoy yourselves. That’s OK. I don’t want to spoil your fun. So I have tried to tell you how to avoid putting yourselves and your property at risk. For all the girls here if you are in a bar or disco that make very sure that your handbag or purse is where you can keep an eye on it, not on the floor or on another chair. If you want to dance, ask friend to take care of it or take it with you. For the gentlemen, don’t walk around with your wallet stuck in a back pocket of your trousers. It’s easy meet for a pick pocket, believe me. If you are driving, park in a public car park, or at least in a well lit area if it’s at night. Thieves love to find a car in a quiet dark road. As you are all foreigners here, don’t carry a lot of cash with you. And the same goes for passports, identity cards, and other important documents. For your own personal security, it is always better to go home by bus or taxi if it’s late. If you have to walk home late at nigh, go with some friends. If you are alone, stick to well lit areas. Should you see a group of people looking for trouble, cross over the road and if you really think someone is going to bother you, bang on the door of the nearest house and ask for help. Oh, another word of warning, don’t hitch lifts. It’s asking for tro uble. If a car stops to ask for information, just keep well clear of the door so you can see what the people want. This isn’t a dangerous town if you are sensible. To close, I just want to say that in this country it is illegal to carry a knife, spray, or anything that can be used as a weapon, even if it is for self-defense. Questions:1) Who do you think is giving this talk?2) What is his talk mainly about?3) What kind of people is he talking to?4) When you go home late at night which of the following things are you advised not to do?5) Which of the following statements is true according to the talk?6) Which of the following types of crime is not cautioned against in the talk?3. You left an informal report. Listen to the following dialogue and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.M: You left an informal report with sergeant Dorgans. There is just a couple of things I’d like to check on. Could you describe the goal to me in a bit more detail please.W: Yes, she was darkish. I should think she was between 25 and 30 round about. And she had shortish hair. I think she had a fringe but untidy.M: Did you notice the clothing at all?W: She had a white collar, open neck shirt, I think, over blouse or what look like a velvet jac ket. But I can’t remember the color. I think it was a green or a brown, but it was some dark color.M: OK. Well, let’s go to the man of what you saw. If you could just describe it to me, because there wasn’t much on the report that you left with the serge ant.W: Yes, well, I noticed he was wearing a funny kind of woolen jacket.M: A balky sort of jacket, was it? Thick or …W: Well, yes, not really very balky. It looked as if it was neated, and had a sort of woolen color. And I think he was wearing an open neck shirt too. He was younger than her. I should think he was in his early 20s.M: And she looked older.W: She looked a bit older to me. And he had his hair brush back.M: Yes. Anything about the shirt that you noticed. Was it just a plain white shirt or was it any other sort?W: I think it was striped, but I can’t be perfectly sure. But I do remember his hair was sort of wavy and brushed back in shortish.M: OK. Well, that’s fine. Thanks very much. If you leave your phone number with the desk sergeant, maybe we will contact you in a near future.Questions:1) What are the two speakers doing?2) Who does the woman speaker describe?3) What’s the age of the woman being described?4) What’s the age of the man being described?5) What’s in commo n in the clothing of these 2 people being described?Part four. Listening and translation.3. Exercises. 1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) I hope I can meet you sometime next week to discuss the further details of the contract. Would Monday morning suit you?2) The fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium sized businesses.3) Computers can be designed for many specialized purposes. They can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess.4) The entertainment profession or show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately only very few can hope to become famous and prosperous.5) Statistics show that the US continues to be Scotland’s top export destination, with an estimated 2.1 billion pounds of exports in 2006, an increase of 5 million pounds since 2005.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You man take notes while you are listening.1) When I worked for a boss and a regular paycheck, my wife had to push me out of bed in the mornings. I hate the alarm clock. I hate the sun rises. After I quit and started working for myself, everything changed. It didn’t take long. The first morning I jumped out of bed set myself up and started going. Now the great part, I was doing exactly the same job. The difference was I was doing it for myself. Everything I made belonged to me.2) I would like to know that the wooden construction exhibition was successful for us. We have found a new line of activity for our company. A vast majority of visitors at our stand were very interested in the new energy efficient heating system, they reduces energy consumption by 40 to 50 percent. On the whole our company is very satisfied without exhibition was organized. We are planning to participate in the exhibition next year and the year after next.Unit ThreePart One Crime and PunishmentTo release ~ sb/sth (from sth) 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]Ex-prisoner 前服刑人员Part twoCandidate求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人To assume假定; 假设; 设想; 以为/假装/开始从事; 承担; 担任Locker寄存柜To object不赞成（某人[某事]）; 反对; 抗议Manual手工的; 手制的; 手控的To stock up on you buy a lot of it, in case you cannot get it laterSneakers He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋. Sneak告状; 打小报告sneak into悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜Biochemistry scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学Prerequisite / ˏpriːˈrekwɪzɪt; priˋrɛkwəzɪt/ adj/n 必备; 作为先决条件Part threeTo mug户外）行凶抢劫（某人mug sth up突击式学习To burglarize steal from 盗窃burglar 窃贼To ransack ~ sth (for sth) 彻底搜索（某处Assault ~ (on sth)突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击At riskIdentity cardTo hitch lifts免费搭私人车Spray喷雾器To spot 瞥见; 发觉Culprit / kʌlprɪt; ˋkʌlprɪt/ n犯过者; 犯罪者Someone broke a cup: who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯. Sergeant / sɑːdʒənt; ˋsɑrdʒənt/ n 缩写Sergt, Sgt中士Fringe刘海儿（地方﹑群体或活动的）外围Striped / straɪpt; ˋstraɪpt/ adj以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的Part FourEngagement雇用、正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式、订婚、约会Payroll The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time.Prepare payrollTipNeighborhood Watch programThe fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment消费电子和各种数码娱乐产品. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. 主要面向中小型企业的专业人士和代表Designed for many specialized purposes 为专业需要而设计Prepare payroll，guide airplane flights, direct traffic. Even play chess准备工资单，指引飞机航行，指挥交通，下象棋The entertainment profession/ show business娱乐业/ 娱乐圈Become famous and prosperous 成名致富Statistics show。

Unit 5自主学习测试题Directions：Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.（A）Throwing criminals in prison is an ancient and widespread method of punishment, but is it a wise one? It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in a place where they find fewer opportunities to hurt innocent people. The system has long been considered fair and sound by those who want to see the guilty punished and society protected. But the value of this form of justice is now being questioned by the very men who have to apply it –the judges.Does it really help the society, or the victim, or the victim’s family, to put in prison a man who, while drunk at the wheel of his car, has injured or killed another person? It would be more helpful to make the man pay for his victim’s medical bills and compensate him/her for the bad experience, the loss of working time, and any other problems arising from the accident. If the victim is dead, in most cases the victim’s family would need some financial assistance.And a young thief who spends time in prison may receive there a thorough education in crime from his fellow prisoners. Willingly or not, he has to associate himself with tough criminals who will drag him into more serious crimes.Such considerations have caused a number of judges to try some new forms of punishment for light criminals, which are unpleasant enough to discourage the offenders (违法者) from repeating their offenses, but safe for them because they are not exposed to dangerous company. They pay for their crime by helping their victims, financially or otherwise, or doing unpaid labor for their community; or perhaps, they take a job and repay their victim out of their salary. This sort of punishment is applied only to nonviolent criminals who are not likely to be dangerous to the public, such as forgers (伪造者), thieves, and drivers who have caused traffic accidents. The sentenced criminal has the right to refuse the new type of punishment if he prefers a prison term.1、According to the passage, putting criminals in prison is a widespread method of punishment because ________.A.the victim and family can not be hurt any moreB.putting criminals in prison started in ancient timesC.throwing criminals in prison is the best form of justiceD.criminals can be prevented from harming innocent people2、The new forms of punishment of light criminals have the following features except that________.A. they are kept in special rooms in prisonB. they may work and compensate the victimsC. they are not exposed to dangerous companyD. they pay for their crime by helping the victims3、Which criminal is likely to receive the new forms of punishment?A. A spy.B. A thief.C. A murderer.D. A drug dealer.4、According to the passage, if a young forger is put to prison, he will probably ________.A. correct his wrongdoingsB. hurt his fellow prisonersC. receive a good educationD. do more serious crimes later5、The author is of the opinion that ________.A. criminals should get paid when they help the victims or the communityB. light criminals should not be thrown in prison under any circumstancesC. some new forms of punishment are more helpful to both the victims and the criminalsD. putting criminals in prison is out of date and we should adopt new forms of punishment（B）Since World War II, there has been a clear trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence (青春期), “go steady”through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even at the age of seventy.Many students are marrying as an escape from their own personal problems of loneliness. However any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems; more often, it merely makes them worse. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate (最终的) good, but they mistakenly believe that they themselves have found the true center of life’s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic, and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and disillusionment (幻想破灭) is often sure to follow.Shall we, then, think early marriages are bad? One cannot draw the conclusion that all early marriages are bad or all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by age, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions (幻想) or false expectations, and if it is economically practical, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.1、Since World War II people tend to marry early for the following reasons except that________.A.they begin dating at an early ageB.they want to get rid of lonelinessC.they become physically mature earlyD. they achieve emotional maturity early2、According to the passage, which of the following statements about marriages is true?A.Marriages should become the center of one’s life.B.Marriages can only solve the problem of loneliness.C.Marriages can seldom solve people’s personal problems.D. Marriages are not as important as success to the young.3、People achieve emotional maturity ________.A.at different agesB. after they get marriedB.C. at roughly the same age D. at either the age of 21 or 254、According to the passage, what plays a crucial role in a happy marriage?A.Economic status of the couple.B.Emotional maturity of the couple.C.The couples’expectations of their marriage.D. The ages of the couple when they get married.5、What is the author’s attitude towards early marriage?A.The author thinks not all early marriages are bad.B.The author encourages people to get married at age 16.C.The author supports all early marriages because of the merits.D. The author considers later marriages are better than early ones.（C）Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea –when facing a difficult operation, for example, –they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesn’t matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death. Health professionals say there are a variety of reasons why we fear that second opinion.A number of psychological roadblocks (障碍) get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common ones is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctor, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion they are questioning the doctor’s ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they don’t suggest it.Another reason people keep away from getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. But the most important is that it’s in your self-interest to get another opinion, and it may not be worse.Besides, most people respect their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctors are right, and don’t ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesn’t even occur to them that they should. But you should remember that the doctor is a human being just like you.Finally, sickness may foster poor judgment. And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. That might not be the best thing. Sometimes, obtaining that second opinion just seems like too much work or too much trouble.But remember, the purpose of a second opinion is to collect information so that you can make as informed a decision as possible on your medical care. Sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.1、What does the writer say about a second medical opinion?A.It is better than the first one.B.It is absolutely necessary.C.It can save a patient’s life.D. It can hurt the doctor’s feelings.2、Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctor’s feelings?A.Because they have been taught to respect doctors in this way.B.Because they are worried that something unhappy will happen.C.Because they are afraid that the doctor may ignore them after that.D. Because they fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments.3、Another reason some patients don’t want to get a second medical opinion is that ________.A.they are used to treating their doctors as godsB.doctors generally don’t want their patients to do soC.they think it is wrong to doubt the doctor’s opinionD. doctors usually don’t have a second opinion to offer4、Which of the following is a reason why you should get a second medical opinion?A.Doctors make mistakes like you and me.B.The second opinion will never be worse.C.We should not trust our doctors’abilities to treat us.D. We will not get too much trouble if we get a second opinion.5、The word “foster”(Para. 5) may probably be closest in meaning to ________.A.RejectB. FulfillC. TransformD. encourageDirections：Translate the following sentences into English.1、我很高兴向所有出席此次年度大会的各位表达我的问候。

A Guide to Western CultureDirections: Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked [ A ], [ B ], [ C ] and [ D] are given. Choose the one which best completes the statement or answers the question.****** 1 ******1. _________ believed that the highest good in life was pleasure, freedom from pain and emotional upheaval.A. SophistsB. CynicsC. SkepticsD. Epicureans2. _________ is said to have told the king of Syracuse: "Give me a place to stand, andI will move the world."A. ArchimedesB. AristotleC. PlatoD. Euclid3. Increasingly troubled by the inroads of northem tribes such as Goths, the West Roman Empire finally collapsed in _________A. 395B. 27C. 1453D. 4764. The City of God was written by ________, the most important of all the leaders of Christian thought.A. JesusB. AugustineC. Thomas AquinasD. Martin Luther5. _________ was a painter, a sculptor, an architect, a musician, an engineer, and a scientist----- a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word.A. MichelangeloB. RaphaelC. ShakespeareD. Leonardo Da Vinci6. In _______, Cervantes satirized a very popular type of literature at the time, the romance of chivalry.A. Don QuixoteB. HamletC. LeviathanD. The Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe7. The best- known book written by Thomas More is ________ , which describes an ideal non-Christian state where everybody lives a simple life and shares the goods in common, possesses a good knowledge of Latin, fights no war and enjoys full freedom in religious belief.A. The Praise of the FollyB. As You Like ItC. Divine ComedyD. Utopia8. ________, author of Prince, is regarded as "father of political science" in the West.A. MachiavelliB. DanteC. BaconD. Locke9. In The Revolution of Heavenly Orbs,________ put forward his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the center of the universe.A. KeplerB. GalileoC. NewtonD. Copernicus10. During the _________ century, the modern scientific method began to take shape, which emphasized observation and experimentation before formulating a final explanation or generalization.A. 18thB. 15 thC. 16 thD. 17 th11. _______ said, "Knowledge is power."A.. Isaac NewtonB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. Marx12. In Faust,_______ drew on an immense variety of cultural material----theological, mythological, philosophical, political, economic, scientific, aesthetic, musical, and literary.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. RousseauD. Byron13. Which of the following is not regarded as a romantic writer?A. WordsworthB. ShelleyC. PushkinD. Balzac14. The most frequent themes of Romanticism include all of the following except _________.A. the power of reasonB. individual freedomC. spontaneityD. love of nature15. "If winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is the ending line of "Ode to the West Wind" by ________.A. WordsworthB. KeatsC. PushkinD. Shelley16. The composer of Swan Lake was ____, a genius in symphonic music.A. TchaikovskyB. ChopinC. BeethovenD. Mozart17. The naturalist school founded by Zola in late 19 th century intended ________.A. to attack the industrial injustice and urban evilsB. to give full play to the imagination of individualsC. to uphold the classical values such as harmony, balance, proportion and retraintD. to demonstrate the law of human conduct by a scientific study of "a slice of life"18. Which of the following novels was not written by Tolstoy?A. ResurrectionB. War and PeaceC. Crime and PunishmentD. Anna Karenina19. In his poems, Walt Whitman sang praises of all of the following value except ________.A. democracyB. the dignity of the individualC. the idyllic way of lifeD. the brotherhood of man20. Modernism was characterized by ________.A. a conscious rejection of established rules, traditions and conventionsB. the exploration of the inner life of the individual and the psychopathology of human relationsC. its intense interest in the bizarre, the mysterious, the unpredictable and the formlessD. all of the above.****** 2 ******1. Greek culture reached a high point of development in _________.A. 1,200B.C. B. 5th century B. C.C. 4th century B.C.D. 146 B. C.2. The masterpiece of engineering in Roman architecture is _________.A. the PathenonB. the ColossseumC. She-wolfD. the Ionic style of temple3. The Old Testament of the Bible is about _________.A. GodB. the doctrine of Jesus ChristC. the Laws of GodD. A and C4. Which of the following statements is true?A. Jesus was born in Galilee.B. Jesus was born in a synagogue.C. Jesus was born into a poor carpenter’s family.D. Jesus was bor n into a merchant’s family.5. Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of _________.A. military serviceB. land holdingC. governmentD. B and C6. Which of the following statements is true about the Gothic style in architecture?A. The Gothic style flourished in the 18th century.B. The Gothic style started in France.C. Sculpture of Gothic style churches were based on the natural forces.D. Gothic style churches were solid but small.7. Renaissance means the revival of interest in _________.A. ancient Greek cultureB. ancient Roman cultureC. the BibleD. A and B8. The reasons for the decline of renaissance in Italy are _________.A. wars and class conflictsB. loss of supremacy in world trade as a result of the discovery of the new world and routes to IndiaC. the tightening of control of the Roman Catholic Church over thought, speech and publicationD. all of the above9. Which of the following died a prisoner?A. CopernicusB. NewtonC. KeplerD. Galileo10. The theory of the social contract was expounded by _________.A. Thomas HobbesB. Francis BaconC. John LockeD. A and C11. In economic thought, the enlightenment thinkers favored _________.A. government interventionB. balanced developmentC. the policy of laissezfaireD. strict regulation12. The author of "The Sorrows of Young Werther" is _________.A. GoetheB. DefoeC. SchillerD. Kant13. The Lakers refer to _________.A. Wordsworth and ColeridgeB. Byron and ShellyC. William Blake and KeatsD. None of the above14. The later Romantics in music refer to _________.A. Schuman and ChopinB. Verdi and WagnerC. Beethoven and MozartD. Haydn and Bach15. In Capital, Marx, after long and careful study, discovered that _________.A. it is men’s social being that determines their consciousnessB. activity is basicC. socialism would be realized through class struggleD. surplus value is the source of the wealth of the capitalist class16. The essence of Darwin’s theory of evolution is _________.A. immutable fixity of speciesB. natural selectionC. artificial selectionD. none of the above17. "The Cherry Orchard" was written by _________.A. DostoyevskyB. GogolC. CorkyD. Chekhov18. Which of the following was not written by Charles Dickens?A. David CopperfieldB. Hard TimesC. Vanity FairD. Oliver Twist19. The author of "Sons and Lovers" is _________.A. Henry JamesB. Virginia WoolfC. T.S. EliotD. D.H. Lawrence20. One of the chief representatives of the Theatre of the Absurd is _________.A. Kinsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Samuel Beckett****** 3 ******1. Socrates was _________.A. the teacher of AristotleB. the student of PlatoC. the teacher of PlatoD. the student of Aristotle2. One of the contributions the Romans made to European culture was _________.A. the Roman empireB. the slave systemC. the production of the great epic writerD. the Roman law3. The Book of Daniel describes _________.A. the struggle of the Jews against the Syrian ruleB. the prisoners in BabylonC. the story of Noah’s ArkD. the rule of King Solomon4. The Old Testament was originally written in _________.A. HebrewB. Aramaic dialectC. GreekD. Latin5. Which of the following is not included in the Code of Chivalry?A. Loyalty to his lord.B. Fighting for the church.C. Protection of the people.D. Respect for women of noble birth.6. The goal of the Crusades was_________.A. to re-control JerusalemB. to open path to ByzantineC. to regain the Holy land --- PalestineD. to open trade route to the east7. The essence of Renaissance philosophy was _________.A. the emphasis on the greatness of manB. the glorification of GodC. the emphasis on the giving up of worldly pleasureD. the importance of wealth8. Leonardo da Vinci, in his lifetime, put down his observation in notebooks running up to _________ volumes.A. 1, 000B. 5, 000C. 3, 000D. 4, 0009. "Knowledge is power" is one of the quotations from _________.A. John LockeB. Francis BaconC. Isaac NewtonD. Gotffried Wilhelm yon Leibniz10. The most important point in Descartes’ philosophy is _________.A. I think therefore I amB. I use my senses therefore I amC. I doubt therefore I amD. None of the above11. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were _________.A. V oltaire and RousseauB. Diderot and MontesquieuC. John Locke and Isaac NewtonD. None of the above12. Which of the following remarks was made by Rousseau?A. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.（The Declaration of Independence 美国的《独立宣言》）B. The thirst after happiness is never extinguished in the heart of man.（Rousseau卢梭）C. Love truth, but pardon error. (V oltaire伏尔泰)D. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else.(Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen（1789）法国的《人权宣言》)13. Romanticism was a movement in Europe _________.A. in the late 19th century and early 20th centuryB. in the 19th centuryC. in the late 17th century and early 18th centuryD. in the late 18th century and early 19th century14. The two most important works of Victor Hugo’s are _________.A. Atala and Rene（Chateaubriand夏多布里昂）B. Ivanhoe and The Heart of Mid – lothianWalter Scott的《艾凡赫》又译《撒克逊劫后英雄传》以及《中洛辛郡的心脏》C. Notre Dame de Paris and Les MiserablesD. Eugene Onegin and Boris Godunov普希金pushkin的《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》和《鲍里斯·戈都诺夫》15. The man who applied Darwi n’s evolution to society was_________.A. Yah FuB. Thomas HuxleyC. Alfred Russel WallaceD. Herbert Spencer16. According to Marx，the most important thing about Feuerbach was _________.A. he proclaimed materialismB. he supported HegelC. he supported the utopian socialistsD. he put forward the idea of class struggle17. "Sunflower" was the work of _________.A. van GoghB. Paul GauguinC. Claude MonetD. Gustave Courbet18. Which of the following works is not written by Thomas Hardy?A. Far from the Madding Crowd.B. The Return of the Native.C. Tess of the d'Urberyvilles.D. A Tale of Two Cities.19. William Butler Yeats was a(n) _________ poet.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. AmericanD. Irish20. "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" was an autobiographical novel by _________.A. Ezra PoundB. William FaulknerC. James JoyceD. Ernest Hemingway****** 4 ******1. Which of the following is not true about Aristotle?A. In Aristotle the great humanist and the great man of science meet.B. Aristotle founded the school of the Stoics.C. Aristotle was tutor of Alexander.D. Aristotle wrote many books on logic, politics, poetry, rhetoric and other subjects.2. Which of the following statements is true about the Roman Empire?A. The Roman Empire had never been divided.B. The Roman Empire was divided into East and West in 395 A. D.C. The Roman Empire was later called Byzantium.D. The Roman Empire was conquered by the Turks in the 15th century.3. The Bible has been regarded as __________.A. a religious bookB. literatureC. record of great mindsD. all of the above4. The Catholic Church should be characterized as__________.A. a loosely organized religious institutionB. a highly centralized European organizationC. a highly centralized and disciplined international organizationD. a highly centralized and disciplined western organization.5. The Crusades were wars between __________.A. the Arabs and the Christian PilgrimsB. the Turks and the Christians in Western EuropeC. the Christians in Western Europe and the MoslemsD. the Arabs and the Turks6. St. Thomas Aquinas defended in his works __________.A. feudal hierarchy of societyB. divine power of feudal rulersC. the Pope' s supremacy over secular rulersD. all of the above7. The motto Montaigne put down in the essays was __________.A. What do I know?B. I doubt therefore I think.C. Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.D. Only to stand out of my light.8. Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator who __________.A. discovered the Cape of Good HopeB. discovered the route to India round the Cape of Good HopeC. explored the mouth of the AmazonD. was the first to visit Cuba and Haiti9. Which of the following laws was discovered by Newton?A. Law of buoyancy.B. Law of falling bodies.C. Law of relativity.D. Law of universal gravitation.10. In Locke' s political philosophy, the chief reason for the institution of civil government was __________.A. the protection of private propertyB. the upholding of free thinkingC. the abolishment of the rule of the churchD. regulation of economy11. Which of the following is not true about the developments of the Industrial Revolution?A. The substitution of water power for human power.B. The introduction of machine.C. The beginning of the factory system.D. The growth of modem capitalism and the working class.12. "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. "This is a remark made by __________.A. V oltaireB. RousseauC. DiderotD. Moliere13. In the works of __________, one can see the spirit of the Age of Reason.A. HandelB. HaydnC. BachD. Mozart14. The poem of Byron' s that was translated into Chinese at the turn of the 20th century is __________.A. Don JuanB. Defence of PoetryC. Ode to a NightingaleD. Isles of Greece15. Throughout his life, Beethoven struggled to pass on through his music __________.A. the spirit of the French RevolutionB. the spirit of Byronic heroesC. ideas of a moral natureD. the praise of natural beauty16. __________ is considered to be the poet of the piano.A. MozartB. ChopinC.SchubertD. Schumann17. Which of the following works was not written by Charles Dickens?A. A Tale of Two Cities.B. The Mayor of Casterbridge.C. David Copperfield.D. Pickwick Papers.18. The author of the short story The Necklace was __________.A. O' HenryB. Jack LondonC. Mark TwainD. Maupassant19. "The apparition of these faces in the crowd/Petals on a wet, black bough. "The author of these lines was __________.A. William FaulknerB. Ezra PoundC. T. S. EliotD. William Butler Yeats20. __________was regarded as the greatest Russian literary figure of the 20th century.A. SholokhovB. TolstoyC. ChekhovD. Gorky****** 5 ******I. The contribution of ancient Greeks to world civilization is _________A. Athenian democracyB. The Olympic GamesC. The epics of HomerD. All of the above2. Which of the following is true about Herodotus?A. He is called " Father of History".B. He wrote about the wars between Athens and Sparta.C. He contributed greatly to tragic art.D. He used clever parody in his writing.3. Genesis of the Old Testament tells about __________A. the fall of manB. the creation of the worldC. Noah’s ArkD. all of the above.4. The leader of the slave uprising in 73 B. C. was _________A. NeroB. MosesC. SpartacusD. Abraham5. The great contribution of St. Jerome was __________A. the building of monasteriesB. the translation of Old and New Testaments into LatinC. the setting up of the church systemD. none of the above6. The main classes under feudalism in Western Europe were __A. monks, lords and townspeopleB. clergy, knights and peasantsC. knights, peasants and townspeopleD. clergy, lords and peasants7. Which of the following is not true about Dante?A. Dante was a great Italian poet.B. Dante wrote Beowulf.C. Dante wrote his masterpiece in Italian.D. Dante was a great political thinker.8. John Wycliffe was twice condemned as a heretic because of __________A. his teaching philosophy at OxfordB. his vigorous attack on orthodox church doctrinesC. his clerical associations and activitiesD. A&C9. Scientists in the 17th century, such as Galileo and Newton, attached great importance to ________A. deductive reasoningB. classical authorityC. direct observation and experimentD. humanist learning10. The method that Francis Bacon introduced in inquiry was _________.A. practicalB. deductive reasoningC. inductionD. experiment11. The characteristic of Dutch art in the early 17th century was ________.A. that it was still mainly religious paintingsB. that it recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the timeC. that it was mainly portraits of noble familiesD. that the theme was mainly court life12. Who was the first one to put forward the doctrine of separation of powers?A. LockeB. HobbesC. V oltaireD. Montesquieu13. Diderot is best known as ________.A. the author of Persian Letter s（Montesquieu）B. the author of the Origin of Human Inequality（Rousseau）C. the editor of the EncyclopedieD. the author of Philosophical Thoughts(Diderot)14. The lines "And mask in every face I meet / Masks of weakness, masks of woe" are written by _______.A. William BlakeB. SchillerC. ByronD. Keats15.B. LermontovC. ChekhovD. Turgenev16. A work jointly written by Marx and Engels is ________.A. CapitalB. The Manifesto of the Communist PartyC. Thesis on FeuerbachD. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific17. Which author won the Nobel Prize in 1925?A. Thomas HardyB. George EliotC. George Bernard ShawD. Henry James18. Which novel was acclaimed as the greatest of all anti-slavery manifestoes'?.A. Leaves of GrassB. Uncle Tom's Cabi nC. The Portrait of a LadyD. Dead Souls19. _______ was the discoverer of X - rays.A. RontgenB. Madame CurieC. RutherfordD. Einstein20. The author of The Interpretation of Dreams wasA. T. S. EliotB. James JoyceC. D. H. Lawrence D. Sigmund Freud****** 6 ******1. Who were considered as people by the ancient Athens?A. Women citizensB. AdultsC. Adult male citizensD. Foreigners and children2. Which of the following is true about Dialogues?A. Dialogues was a book written by Socrates.B. Dialogues was a record of life of Plato.C. Dialogues was a record of Socrates written by Plato.D. Dialogues was a record of Socrates's sayings by his followers.3. The great deed that David performed was ____.A. he took the Hebrews back to CanaanB. he killed Goliath, the philistine giantC. he went to the top of the mountain in Sinai to receive message from (~dD. none of the above4. In the early days of Christianity, it was a religion of _____.A. the richB. the poorC. the ruling classD. all people5. Which of the following statements about knighthood is not true?A. A nobleman was born a knight.B. Knighthood had to be earned.C. One had to be trained in order to become a knight.D. After being dubbed a knight, he had to observe the Code of Chivalry.6. The Inquisition was ______A. a church court set up to try hereticsB. an organization for church investigationC. a court in many kingdomsD. the decision - making body of the church7. Art to Michelangelo was a means by which_____.A. he expressed his opposition to the despotic ruleB. he made inquiry into the realityC. he expressed his vision of manD. B and C8. Counter- Reformation means that the Roman Catholic Church _____.A. suppressed the Reformation movement by forceB. refused to accept any reformC. re-established itself as a dynamic force in European affairs by introducing reforms and improvementsD. ganged up with the Spanish monarchy to set up the Inquisition9. Kepler's contribution to astronomy isA. his discovery of the law of inertiaB. his discovery of the Ptolemaic systemC. his discovery of the three laws of planetary motionD. none of the above10. In Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke stated that .__A. all our knowledge sprang from experienceB. knowledge was powerC. every man was enemy to every manD. the world was made up of simple, active substances11. The symbolic event of the French Revolution in 1789 was _____.A. the issuance of the Declaration of IndependenceB. the founding of the First RepublicC. the seizure of the BastilleD. the publication of The Spirit of the Laws12. V oltaire was noted for his_____.A. witB. satireC. passionD. A and B13. In Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argued that________.A. knowledge is the joint product of both sense and reasonB. creation is never complete; it is ever going onC. virtue can be sustained without religious beliefD. man's greatest ills are not natural but are made by man himself14. The Lyrical Ballads was written by _________.A. ShelleyB. Wordsworth and ColeridgeC. Blake and KeatsD. Byran and Shelley15. The line "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" comes from_________.A. WordsworthB. ByronC. KeatsD. Blake16. In developing Marxist philosophy, Marx and Engels accepted _______ in German classical philosophy.A. Hegel's dialecticsB. Feuerbach's metaphysicsC. Feuerbach's materialismD. A and C17. Balzac's monumental work was ________.A. Divine ComedyB. The Human ComedyC. The Brothers KaramazovD. Les Miserables18. The author of A Doll's House was ________.A. George Bernard ShawB. ChekhovC. Henric IbsenD. Leo Tolstoy19. Which of the following works was written by William Faulkner?A. The Waste LandB. DublinersC. CantosD. The Sound and the Fury20. The poem Howl was written by ________.A. Kingsley AmisB. John OsborneC. Allen GinsbergD. Ezra Pound****** Division 1 ******Division1:1-5 DCBBC 6-10 CAACC****** Division 2 ******Division2:1-5 DCABB 6-8 BCC****** Division 3 ******Division3: 1-5 ADDBB 6-8 DDCCB****** Division 4 ******Division 4:1-5 BCCDA 6-8 CBDCC****** Division 5******Division 5:1-5 CBADC 6-8 ADBCC****** Division 6******Division 6:1-5 CBADA 6-8 DCA****** Division 7******Division 7:1-5 CDDAB 6-8 CADBA****** Division 8************ Division 9******Division 9:1-5 ACBCD 6-10 CABBA****** Division 10 ******Division 10:1-6 DADBDC 7-12 CCBBDB。

本科生毕业设计 (论文)题目：善与恶之间的挣扎——陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》中大学生的犯罪心理学分析Subject：The struggle between good and evil-Dostoevsky "crime and punishment" in college students' crime psychology analysis教学单位 _文学与新闻传播学院__姓名 ______何梦婕_________学号____200830401089_____年级 ______2008级_________专业 ____汉语言文学_______指导教师 ___ 李欧职称 ___ 教授2012年05 月01日善与恶之间的挣扎——陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》中大学生的犯罪心理学分析【摘要】：拉斯柯尔尼科夫，陀思妥耶夫斯基笔下的一个被侮辱与被损害者，他在善与恶之间挣扎，最终走上了犯罪的道路。

本文从犯罪心理情境角度出发，深入分析了拉斯柯尔尼科夫在犯罪前、犯罪中、犯罪后的心理变化，全面探究拉斯柯尔尼科夫在善恶间如何抉择，并透过拉斯柯尔尼科夫犯罪的现象探究他犯罪的原因，及其著作《罪与罚》的社会意义及文化内涵。

论文从三个方面展开论述：第一章简述了拉斯柯尔尼科夫的犯罪心理过程，其实质就是拉斯柯尔尼科夫在善与恶之间的心理对话；第二章从犯罪心理情境角度分析拉斯科尔尼斯科夫在犯罪过程中的不同心理状态：合理化、比拟、投射、恐惧、紧张、焦虑心理等；第三章从社会意义与文化内涵方面重新审视《罪与罚》，从社会、贫困两方面分析拉斯柯尔尼科夫犯罪的原因，从宗教角度出发，引出东正教才是适合俄国的本土教义，这也正是著作《罪与罚》最终要表达给读者的精神内涵；联系当今社会，思考对于有弊病的社会，我们应该如何应对。

【关键词】：拉斯柯尔尼科夫大学生犯罪心理情境Abstract：Raskolnikov, Dostoevsky's a insulted and be impaired, his struggle between good and evil, and finally to the way of crime. This article from the crime psychological situation Angle,in-depth analysis of the Raskolnikov in crime, crime, crime before the psychological change, comprehensive explore Raskolnikov in the struggle between good and evil, and through Raskolnikov crime phenomenon explore he the cause of the crime, and the book "crime and punishment, social significance and the cultural connotation. Paper from three aspects: the first chapter briefly Raskolnikov crime mental process, its essence is Raskolnikov between good and evil psychological dialogue; The second chapter from the crime psychological situation perspective Russ cole radio in the process of crime in nice different psychological state: rationalization, the match, projection, fear, tension and anxiety, etc.; In the third chapter from social significance and cultural connotation in reviewing "crime and punishment", from the society, poor two aspects analyzes Raskolnikov the cause of the crime, from a religious Angle, out of the Russian orthodox church is the suitable native doctrine, this is book "crime and punishment, ultimately to express the reader's spirit connotation; Contact today's society, thinking for the social ills, how we should deal with it.Keyword: Raskolnikov undergraduate Crime psychological situation目录引言 (4)第一章拉斯柯尔尼科夫的犯罪心理过程 (5)第二章从犯罪心理学分析拉斯柯尔尼科夫 (8)第一节犯罪前的心理 (8)第二节犯罪过程中的心理 (10)第三节犯罪后的心理 (11)第三章作为个案的社会意义与文化内涵 (14)第一节作为个案的大学生犯罪的原因 (15)第二节小说《罪与罚》对当时社会的意义 (16)第三节小说《罪与罚》对当代社会的意义 (17)结语 (19)参考文献 (20)致谢 (21)引言：陀思妥耶夫斯基(以下简称“陀氏”)的《罪与罚》(1866年)是一部内涵非常丰富的小说,因此对它的探索,从来没有停止过。

Understanding the Textsituation," says Robert Hutchinson, Van Horn's attorney. (para.4)范·霍恩的律师罗伯特·哈钦森说：“大多数人不会起诉想帮助自己的人，除非情况非比寻常。

”* In any event, "everyone knows you shouldn't move a person with a potential neck or back injury," Hutchinson says. The claim? Negligence. (para.4)不管怎样，“人人都知道不应该移动一个脖子或后背可能已受伤的人”，哈钦森说。

起诉的理由是什么呢？过失伤害。

* Indeed, the Good Samaritan statute in the California Health and Safety Code states that anyone who provides care in good faith to another person in an emergency can't be liable for civil damages. (para.5)确实，在加利福尼亚州健康与安全问题相关法律中，见义勇为条例规定，在紧急情况下，凡出于善意对他人施以救护者，不应承担任何民事赔偿责任。

* And in accordance with the common law—or law based on precedents set by similar cases in the past—Good Samaritan doctrine protects only those who do not act negligently under the circumstances. (para.6)根据普通法——即根据以往类似案件的判例所设定的法律——见义勇为法只保护在紧急情况下实施救助且无过失者。

Mr. Dufresne, describe...…你太太被杀当晚，你曾和她谈过些什么？...the confrontation you had with your wife the night she was murdered. 一些很伤感的话It was very bitter.她说她很高兴我已知道，她不想再偷偷摸摸了She said she was glad I knew, that she hated all the sneaking around.她说她想离婚And she said that she wanted a divorce in Reno.-你当时有什么反应？我对她说我不会在乎的- What was your response? - I told her I would not grant one.“在我看见你在雷诺市前，在地狱见吧！”"I'll see you in hell before I see you in Reno."你的邻居曾听你说过这些话吧？Those were your words, according to your neighbors.随他们怎么说If they say so.我当时很不开心，什么都不记得了I really don't remember. I was upset.你和太太争吵后发生了什么事？What happened after you argued with your wife?她收拾好行李She packed a bag.到昆汀先生家里去了She packed a bag to go and stay with Mr. Quentin.格伦·昆汀，职业高尔夫球员Glenn Quentin, golf pro at the Snowden Hills Country Club...你知道他是你妻子的情人...whom you had discovered was your wife's lover.你跟踪她了吗？Did you follow her?我先去了几间酒吧找I went to a few bars first.接着，我开车去了昆汀家，但他们不在家里Later, I drove to his house to confront them. They weren't home.我把车停在街角I parked in the turnout...等在那里...and waited.有何企图吗？With what intention?我不太确定我非常困惑I'm not sure.I was confused......drunk.我觉得I think...我只是想吓一吓他们...mostly I wanted to scare them.他们到家后，你就进屋杀了他们When they arrived, you went up to the house and murdered them.没有，我控制了自己I was sobering up.我开车回家睡觉来忘记一切I got back in the car and I drove home to sleep it off.在回家的路上，我把枪扔进了河里Along the way, I threw my gun into the Royal River.我很肯定这一点I've been very clear on this point.但我感到奇怪的是，第二天早上清洁女工发现……I get hazy where the cleaning woman shows up the following morning...你太太和她的情人死在床上...and finds your wife in bed with her lover...致死的子弹是出自点38口径的手枪...riddled with.38-caliber bullets.杜福雷先生，你和我一样都觉得那是巧合吗？Does that strike you as a fantastic coincidence, or is it just me?是巧合来的Yes, it does.你仍坚持说你在凶案发生前Yet you still maintain you threw your gun into the river...已经把枪扔进河里了吗？...before the murders took place.这对你很有利That's very convenient.这是事实It's the truth.警察在河里找了三天，但他们没有找到你的枪……The police dragged that river for three days, and nary a gun was found...所以无法鉴定死者身上的子弹是否出自你的枪..so no comparison could be made between your gun and the bullets if taken from the bloodstained corpses of the victims.这对你来说And that also...也非常有利，不是吗，杜福雷先生？...is very convenient. Isn't it, Mr.Dufresne?因为我是无辜的……Since I am innocent of this crime...所以我发现找不到枪对我非常不利...I find it decidedly inconvenient that the gun was never found.各位先生女士，你们听到了所有的证据我们有他犯罪的动机，我们找到他的脚印.留有他的指纹的子弹头.打碎的酒瓶上也留有他的指纹Ladies and gentlemen, you've heard all the evidence.We have the accused at the scene of the crime. We have footprints.Bullets on the ground bearing his fingerprints.A broken bourbon bottle, likewise with fingerprints. 最重要的是.我们知道他的妻子和她的情人双双倒卧在血泊中And most of all...we have a beautiful young woman and her lover lying dead in each other's arms. 他们是犯了错They had sinned.但他们所犯的错严重到需要用死来赎罪吗？But was their crime so great as to merit a death sentence?当你们考虑时While you think about that...请想想这个……...think about this:一个弹匣只能装六颗子弹，而不是八颗A revolver holds six bullets, not eight.我肯定这不只是一时冲动而犯下的罪行I submit that this was not a hot-blooded crime of passion.那至少是可以理解的，即使不能宽恕That at least could be understood, if not condoned.不！No.这是复仇This was revenge...一个冷血者的复仇，看看这些：...of a much more brutal, cold-blooded nature. Consider this:每个死者都身中四枪Four bullets per victim.总共是八枪而不是六枪Not six shots fired, but eight.那表明子弹打完后That means that he fired the gun empty...他还停下来装子弹...and then stopped to reload...以便再次向他们开枪...so that he could shoot each of them again.每人多加一枪An extra bullet per lover...就在头部...right in the head.杜福雷先生，我觉得你非常冷血You strike me as a particularly icy and remorseless man, Mr. Dufresne. 看着你都令我毛骨耸然It chills my blood just to look at you.我以本州赋予我的权利By the power vested in me by the state of Maine...判处你两项终身监禁...I hereby order you to serve two life sentences back-to-back...分别为两位死者，退庭！...one for each of your victims. So be it!坐下来Sit.你因被判终身监禁己在此二十年？We see you've served 20 years of a life sentence?-是的，先生-你感到后悔吗？- Yes, sir. - You feel you've been rehabilitated?是的，绝对有，先生Yes, sir. Absolutely, sir.我是说，我得到了教训I mean, I learned my lesson.我敢说我已经完全改变了I can honestly say that I'm a changed man.我不会再为害社会I'm no longer a danger to society.这是神的真理That's God's honest truth.“不合格”嗨，瑞德Hey, Red.怎么样了？How'd it go?不同的日子，同样的结果Same old shit, different day.我知道你的感受的Yeah, I know how you feel.我下星期又要被否决了I'm up for rejection next week.对，我上星期也被否决了Yeah, I got rejected last week.一向如此It happens.嗨，瑞德，给我一包烟Hey, Red, bump me a deck.滚开！你已欠我五包烟了Get out of my face, man! You're into me for five packs already.-是四包！-五包！-Four! -Five!我想在美国的每个联邦或州监狱里都有像我一样的人物There must be a con like me in every prison in America.就是能够给你搞到东西的家伙I'm the guy who can get it for you.定制的香烟，一包大麻……Cigarettes, a bag of reefer, if that's your thing...为庆祝你儿子或女儿高中毕业的一瓶白兰地，只要你喜欢...bottle of brandy to celebrate your kid's high school graduation.或者几乎所有东西……Damn near anything within reason.是的，先生，我是个冷酷的人Yes, sir! I'm a regular Sears and Roebuck.所以1949年当安迪·杜福雷来找我So when Andy Dufresne came to me in 1949...问能否弄张丽塔·海华丝的图片进来时（丽塔·海华丝：Rita，Hayworth，美国艳星）...and asked me to smuggle Rita Hayworth into the prison for him...我告诉他没问题...I told him, "No problem."安迪·杜福雷在1947年来到肖申克监狱Andy came to Shawshank Prison...罪名是谋杀他的妻子和她的情人...in early 1947 for murdering his wife and the fella she was banging.入狱以前，他是波特兰银行的副总裁On the outside, he'd been vice president of a large Portland bank.对他来说是年青有为Good work for a man so young.好啊，瑞德Hi, Red你会说英语吗？You speak English, butt-steak?跟着这个长官走You follow this officer.我一生中从没见过这么差劲的人I never seen such a sorry-Iooking heap of maggot shit in all my life.过来啊！到这里来Hey, fish! Come over here!今天要赌吗，瑞德？Taking bets today, Red?赌烟还是赌钱？Smokes or coin? Bettor's choice.香烟，我赌两根Smokes. Put me down for two.好吧，你买哪一个？All right, who's your horse?那个又矮又瘦的That little sack of shit.-排在第八的，他会是第一个的-妈的！我也想买他- Eighth. He'll be first. - Bullshit! I'll take that action.你输定了，孩子You're out some smokes, son.该你下注了If you're so smart, you call it.我买那边的那个胖子I'll take that chubby fat-ass there.排在第五的那个，我赌四根香烟The fifth one. Put me down for a quarter deck.今天又有新人Fresh fish today!我们又有的玩了We're reeling them in!我承认我初次见到安迪的时候，没什么特别的感觉I admit I didn't think much of Andy first time I laid eyes on him. 他看起来似乎风一吹就会倒Looked like a stiff breeze would blow him over.这就是我对他的第一印象That was my first impression of the man.你买谁？What do you say?那个高个子That tall drink of water with the silver spoon up his ass.那个人？不可能的That guy? Never happen.-我赌十根香烟-那可是大赌注- 10 cigarettes. - That's a rich bet.谁来证明我看错了？Who's going to prove me wrong?黑伍德？济格？Heywood? Jigger?史基？Skeets?弗洛德？Floyd!四个胆小鬼Four brave souls.回囚房去，要查房了Return to your cellblocks for evening count.所有犯人都回囚房去All prisoners, return to your cellblocks.向右转Turn to the right!往前看Eyes front.这是哈德利先生，他是这里的看守长This is Mr. Hadley. He's captain of the guards.我是诺顿，这里的典狱长I'm Mr. Norton, the warden.你们都被判有罪了You are convicted felons.因此被送到这里来That's why they've sent you to me.规则一Rule number one:不得污言秽语No blasphemy.我不想在我管的监狱里听到这些I'll not have the Lord's name taken in vain in my prison.其他的条例……The other rules...其他的条例，你们慢慢就会知道了，还有问题吗？...you'll figure out as you go along. Any questions?何时吃饭？When do we eat?我们叫你吃的时候你就吃You eat when we say you eat.叫你去厕所你就去厕所You shit when we say you shit, and piss when we say you piss. 明白吗？笨蛋？You got that, you maggot-dick motherfucker?站好On your feet.我只相信两样东西I believe in two things:纪律和圣经Discipline and the Bible.在这里，你们两样都有Here, you'll receive both.信任上帝Put your trust in the Lord.但你们属于我Your ass belongs to me.欢迎来到肖申克监狱Welcome to Shawshank.解开他们Unhook them.转过身Turn around.够了That's enough.到笼子边上去Move to the end of the cage.转身，给他消毒Turn around. Delouse him.转身Turn around.出来，去领你们的衣服和圣经Move out of the cage. Pick up your clothes and Bible.下一个！Next man up!往右走To the right.右边，右边Right. Right.左边Left.毫无疑问，第一晚是最难熬的The first night's the toughest. No doubt about it.赤裸裸的进囚笼，就像刚出生时那样They march you in naked as the day you were born...消毒药粉令皮肤像被火烧一样...skin burning and half-blind from that delousing shit.他们把你丢进囚笼And when they put you in that cell...关上铁门...and those bars slam home...那时你才感到这是真实的...that's when you know it's for real.瞬间过去的一切都离你而去Old life blown away in the blink of an eye.剩下的只有对过去的回忆Nothing left but all the time in the world to think about it. 很多新来的人在第一晚都几乎发疯了Most new fish come close to madness the first night.有些人甚至还痛哭流涕Somebody always breaks down crying.一向都如此的Happens every time.唯一的问题是The only question is...谁会是第一个呢？...who's it going to be?我想那是用来赌博的最佳玩意It's as good a thing to bet on as any, I guess.我把赌注押在杜福雷身上I had my money on Andy Dufresne.熄灯Lights out!我还记得我在这里的第一晚I remember my first night.似乎是很久以前的事了Seems like a long time ago.嗨，新来的Hey, fish.新来的Fish, fish.你怕黑吗？What are you, scared of the dark?我打赌，你希望你爸和你妈从没把你生下来Bet you wish your daddy never dicked your mama! 蠢猪！Piggy! Pork! I want me a pork chop.他们总是喜欢逗新人The boys always go fishing with first-timers.不达目的，誓不罢休And they don't quit till they reel someone in.嗨，胖子Hey, Fat Ass.胖子！Fat Ass!聊天吧Talk to me, boy.我知道你在那里，我能听见你的呼吸声I know you're there. I can hear you breathing.别理别人怎么说，你听到吗？Don't you listen to these nitwits, you hear me?这地方没那么差劲This place ain't so bad.这样吧Tell you what...我介绍你认识他们，就像一家人...I'll introduce you around, make you feel right at home.我知道有几个人I know a couple of big old bull queers that'd just...会很乐意认识你的...Iove to make your acquaintance.尤其是你那又白又嫩的屁股Especially that big, white, mushy butt of yours.天啊！God!我不属于这里I don't belong here!-嗨，有人赢了-我要回家- We have a winner! - I want to go home!是胖子And it's Fat Ass by a nose!新人！Fresh fish!我要回家I want to go home!我要见我妈妈I want my mother!我操过你妈妈！她不怎么样I had your mother! She wasn't that great!发生了什么事？What the Christ is this horseshit?他讲粗话，我要告诉典狱官He blasphemed. I'll tell the warden.告诉他我操你屁股吧You'll tell him with my baton up your ass!让我出去Let me out!胖子，你想怎么样？What is your malfunction, you fat barrel of monkey spunk? 求求你！我不该在这里的Please! I ain't supposed to be here.不该是我Not me!我不会警告你的I won't count to three. Not even to one.马上你闭上你的臭嘴，否则有你受的！You shut up, or I'll sing you a lullaby!-闭嘴，闭嘴-求求你……-Shut up, man. Shut up! -Please...你不明白的，我不该在这里的You don't understand. I'm not supposed to be here.把囚笼打开Open that cell.我也是！这里被他们弄得就像监狱Me neither! They run this place like a fucking prison!狗娘养的Son of a bitch!长官，算了Captain, take it easy!如果我今晚听到有半点声音If I hear so much as a mouse fart in here tonight...我对天发誓，你们会吃不了兜着走...I swear by God and Jesus, you will all visit the infirmary.所有的人都不会放过的Every last motherfucker in here.把他抬到医疗室去Call the trustees. Take that tub of shit down to the infirmary.杜福雷第一晚就让我输了两包烟His first night in the joint, Dufresne cost me two packs of cigarettes. 他整晚一言不发He never made a sound.北仓三楼，出来Tier 3 north, clear count!北仓二楼，出来Tier 2 north, clear count.南仓三楼，出来Tier 3 south, clear.准备出来放风Prepare to roll out.出去！Roll out!你准备吃那个吗？Are you going to eat that?不，我没这打算I hadn't planned on it.你介意吗？Do you mind?你真不错That's nice and ripe.杰克说谢谢你Jake says thank you.它从巢里掉下来了Fell out of his nest over by the plate shop.我要照顾它直到它会飞为止I'm going to look after him until he's big enough to fly.不！他过来了Oh, no! Here he comes.早上好，各位Morning, fellas.不错的早晨，不是吗？Fine morning, isn't it?你们知道我的意思的，对吗？You know why it's a fine morning, don't you?把它们拿出来，我想把它们排成……Send them down. I want them lined up...非常诱人的一行...just like a pretty little chorus line.看看这个Look at that.-我真受不了了-天哪- I can't stand this guy. - Oh, Lord!瑞查德、维吉尼亚……Yes! Richmond, Virginia.嗅嗅我的屁股Smell my ass!再嗅嗅我的After he smells mine.很遗憾，你下注的那个输了That's a shame about your horse coming in last and all.但我很喜欢我下注的那个人But I sure do love that winning horse of mine, though.我见到他就要亲他一下I owe that boy a big kiss when I see him.你为何不把香烟分给他点？Why don't you give him some of your cigarettes instead? Lucky fuck! 嗨，利奥Hey, Tyrell.这周你在医疗室当值是吗？You pull infirmary duty this week?我下注的那个怎么样了？How's my horse doing anyway?死了很难得手Hard to get.我喜欢I like that.安迪一开始很自闭Andy kept pretty much to himself at first.我猜他在想办法I guess he had a lot on his mind...接受牢里的生活...trying to adapt to life on the inside.一个月以后他才开口Wasn't until a month went by before he opened his mouth... 和某人谈话...to say more than two words to somebody.就像你们所看见的As it turned out...那个人就是我...that somebody was me.我是安迪·杜福雷I'm Andy Dufresne.杀妻的银行家Wife-killing banker.你为何要杀你的妻子？Why'd you do it?我没有杀她I didn't, since you ask.你会很适应这里You're going to fit right in.这儿每个人都是无辜的，你不知道吗？Everybody in here's innocent. Didn't you know that?-你为何入狱的？-我什么都没做，律师骗了我- What you in here for? - Didn't do it. Lawyer fucked me. 听说你很冷酷Rumor has it you're a real cold fish.你以为自己很了不起，对吗？You think your shit smells sweeter than most. Is that right? 你怎么认为呢？What do you think?说实话，我还不知道To tell you the truth, I haven't made up my mind.我知道你能拿到违禁品I understand you're a man that knows how to get things.我能搞的I'm known to locate certain things from time to time.你能给我个手槌吗？I wonder if you might get me a rock hammer.手槌A rock hammer.-要干什么？-你关心这个干吗？- What is it and why? - What do you care?如果是牙刷我就不会问你，我会开个价钱For a toothbrush, I wouldn't ask. I'd quote a price.但是牙刷没有杀伤力，对吗？But a toothbrush is a non-lethal object, isn't it?足够了Fair enough.一个手槌有六至七英寸长A rock hammer is about six or seven inches long.-看起来像个小锄子-锄子？- Looks like a miniature pickax. - Pickax?打石用的For rocks.-石英-石英？-Quartz -Quartz?还有云母、页岩……And some mica, shale...石灰岩……...limestone.这么说吧So?我收集石头So I'm a rock hound.起码我回到了从前的生活，我喜欢那样At least I was in my old life. I'd like to be again.或许你想用它们攻击某人Or maybe you'd like to sink your toy into somebody's skull. 不，我在这里没有敌人No, I have no enemies here.不会？等着瞧吧No? Wait a while.话说回来Word gets around.那对姐妹花很喜欢你The Sisters have taken quite a liking to you.特别是伯格斯Especially Bogs.就算跟他们说我不好此道也没用Don't suppose it would help if I told them I'm not homosexual. 他们也不是Neither are they.首先得是人才行，他们没资格You have to be human first. They don't qualify.水牛喜欢用暴力，不管他人喜不喜欢Bull queers take by force. That's all they want or understand.如果我是你，我会加倍小心If I were you, I'd grow eyes in the back of my head.-谢谢你的忠告-这是免费的- Thanks for the advice. - Well, that's free.你知道我担心什么You understand my concern.就算我有麻烦也不会用手槌的If there's trouble, I won't use the rock hammer.那我猜你想挖个洞逃出去Then I'd guess you want to escape. Tunnel under the wall, maybe. 我说漏了什么？什么东西这么好笑What did I miss? What's so funny?等你看见手槌你就明白了You'll understand when you see the rock hammer.买这个东西一般要多少钱？What's an item like this usually go for?七美元，五金铺的零售价Seven dollars in any rock-and-gem shop.我一般要加20%My normal markup's 20 percent.但这东西很特殊But this is a specialty item.风险越大，价钱越高，一口价，10元吧Risk goes up, price goes up. Let's make it an even 10 bucks.就10元吧Ten it is.那是浪费金钱Waste of money, if you ask me.为什么？Why's that?这里的人喜欢突击检查Folks around this joint love surprise inspections.他们找到手槌就会被充公They find it, you're going to lose it.被他们发现的话，你别把我供出来If they catch you, you don't know me.否则的话就别想再和我做生意了，你明白了吗？Mention my name, we never do business again.Not for shoelaces or a stick of gum .Now you got that ?我知道了I understand.谢谢你，你叫……Thank you, Mr...瑞德Red.我叫瑞德Name's Red.这名字怎么来的？Why do they call you that?可能因为我是爱尔兰人吧Maybe it's because I'm Irish.我现在明白他们为何看中他了I could see why some of the boys took him for snobby.他不太说话He had a quiet way about him...一举一动都不像普通的人...a walk and a talk that just wasn't normal around here.他漫步着He strolled...就像公园里与世无争的人...like a man in the park without a care or a worry in the world.他像穿了隐形的外套Like he had on an invisible coat that would shield him from this place. 可以说I think it'd be fair to say...开始我对安迪就有好感...I liked Andy from the start.快点！我赶时间的Let's go! Some of us got a schedule to keep.快点Move it! Come on, move it!怎么样？你太太对你好吗？How you doing? How's the wife treating you?安迪说得很对Andy was right.我最终拿到那玩意I finally got the joke.用这东西来挖隧道It would take a man about 600 years...起码要花六百年...to tunnel under the wall with one of these.-要书吗？-今天不用了- Book? - Not today.要书吗？Book?送到杜福雷那里去Delivery for Dufresne.这是你要的书Here's your book.谢谢Thanks.又不够用了，你再去拿点来We're running low on hexite. Get on back and fetch us up some. 这可以弄瞎你的眼睛This will blind you.亲爱的Honey, hush.就是这样That's it. You fight!这样打好吗？Better that way.我很想说安迪打赢了I wish I could tell you Andy fought the good fight...令姐妹花放过他...and the Sisters let him be.我希望能这么说I wish I could tell you that...但是监狱里没有神话...but prison is no fairy-tale world.他从没提起是谁干的He never said who did it.但我们都很清楚But we all knew.事情就这样持续了一段时间Things went on like that for a while.监狱里的生活都是些例行公事Prison life consists of routine...越来越多的例行公事...and then more routine.安迪的脸上经常出现新的伤痕Every so often, Andy would show up with fresh bruises.姐妹花不断地骚扰他The Sisters kept at him.有时候他能逃脱Sometimes he was able to fight them off.但有时不能Sometimes not.对安迪来说And that's how it went for Andy.这已经成了他的例行公事That was his routine.我相信最初的两年是最糟糕的I do believe those first two years were the worst for him.我也相信事情再继续这样下去And I also believe that if things had gone on that way...这儿会令他脱胎换骨...this place would have got the best of him.但是，在1949年的春天But then, in the spring of 1949...头头们决定……...the powers that be decided:工厂的屋顶需要重修The roof of the license-plate factory needs resurfacing.我需要12名自愿者工作一星期I need a dozen volunteers for a week's work.你知道的As you know...有义务就也有福利...special detail carries with it special privileges.这是户外劳动It was outdoor detail...五月是户外劳动的好时机...and May is one damned fine month to be working outdoors. 排好队Stay in line there.超过100人报名参加劳动More than a hundred men volunteered for the job.威勒斯·E·安戈……Wallace E. Unger.艾力斯·瑞丁……Ellis Redding.你知道吗？Wouldn't you know it?我和几个我认识的都被选中了Me and some fellows I know were among the names called. 安德鲁·杜福雷……Andrew Dufresne.这只花了我们每人一包烟的代价It only cost us a pack of smokes per man.我当然也像往常一样赚了20%I made my usual 20 percent, of course.德州的律师打长途给我So this big-shot lawyer calls me long-distance from Texas.我说，“喂？”I say, "Yeah?"他说，“很遗憾，你弟弟死了”He says, "Sorry to inform you, but your brother just died."-我很难过-我并不难过，他是个混蛋- I'm sorry to hear that. - I'm not. He was an asshole.离家多年，早就当他死了Ran off years ago. Figured him for dead.这个律师对我说So this lawyer fellow says to me:“他死的时候很富有”，有价值超过百万的油井"He died a rich man." Oil wells and shit. Close to a million bucks.超过百万的？A million bucks?-人的运气是很难想像的-有你的份吗？- Incredible how lucky some assholes get. - You going to see any of that? 我的那份是三万五千元Thirty-five thousand. That's what he left me.-美元？-对-Dollars? -yeah你的运气真不错That's great! That's like winning the sweepstakes.不是吗？Isn't it?笨蛋，你想政府会如何对我？Dumb shit, what do you think the government will do to me?他们会取走很大一部分Take a big wet bite out of my ass is what.可怜的巴朗Poor Byron.真是非常走运Terrible fucking luck, huh? Crying shame.有些人觉得很糟糕Some people really got it awful.安迪，你傻了吗？Andy, are you nuts?继续干活吧Keep your eyes on your mop, man!虽然要交点税，但你还可以……You'll pay some tax, but you'll still end up...也许够买辆新车，但接着呢？Yeah, maybe enough to buy a new car, and then what?你必须为新车上该死的税，维修和保养I got to pay tax on the car. Repair...该死的小孩子会纠缠着你带着他们兜风...maintenance, kids pestering you to take them for a ride all the time.如果年底算错了税金，还要掏自己的腰包Then if you figure your tax wrong, you pay out of your own pocket.告诉你！山姆叔叔I tell you! Uncle Sam!他只是假仁假义He puts his hand in your shirt and squeezes your tit till it's purple.他在找死，继续干活吧- Getting himself killed. - Keep tarring.什么兄弟，去死吧Some brother. Shit!哈德利先生Mr. Hadley...你信任你太太吗？...do you trust your wife?这很有趣Oh, that's funny.你给我吹萧的话也许更有趣You'll look funnier sucking my dick with no teeth.我是说，可曾想过她会对你不忠？What I mean is, do you think she'd go behind your back?让开点，米特，他马上会出点小意外Step aside, Mert. This fucker's having himself an accident.他会把他推下去的He'll push him off!如果你信任她，你就能……If you trust her, you can keep...……拿到三万五千元...that 35,000.-你说什么？-三万五千元- What did you say? - Thirty-five thousand.-一分不少。

上外版高中英语必修三u1单词造句全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Unit 1 introduces us to a variety of new vocabulary words that will be essential for our understanding of the material in this chapter. Let's take a look at some examples of how these words can be used in sentences:1. Despite his busy schedule, Jack managed to finish his homework on time.2. The team worked together to achieve their goal of winning the championship.3. Emily's exceptional performance in the play earned her praise from the audience.4. The museum was filled with ancient artifacts from various civilizations.5. The teacher's explanation was clear and concise, making it easy for us to understand the concept.6. Maria's persistence and hard work paid off when she received a scholarship to study abroad.7. The professor's lectures were always engaging and thought-provoking.8. The novel's complex plot kept readers on the edge of their seats until the very end.9. The documentary provided an in-depth look at the impact of climate change on our planet.10. The artist's creativity and talent shone through in his latest masterpiece.By using these words in our sentences, we can better understand their meanings and practice incorporating them into our everyday vocabulary. Keep practicing and soon these words will become second nature to you. Good luck!篇2Unit 1 of the High School English Required Book 3 published by Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press contains a list of important vocabulary words that students need to learn. In this document, we will provide example sentences for each of the key words to help students understand how to use them in context.1. Absurd: It's absurd to think that all humans are born with equal opportunities in life.2. Ambiguity: The ambiguity of the message left everyone confused about what was expected of them.3. Arbitrary: The teacher's decision to give extra homework seemed arbitrary and unfair.4. Axiom: In mathematics, an axiom is a statement that is accepted as true without proof.5. Conform: The students were expected to conform to the school's dress code.6. Constrain: The strict rules of the organization constrained any creativity or individuality.7. Diligent: She is a diligent student who always finishes her assignments on time.8. Discern: It was difficult to discern the truth from the lies in the politician's speech.9. Diverge: Our opinions on the issue began to diverge as we discussed it further.10. Egalitarian: In an egalitarian society, everyone is considered to be equal regardless of their background.11. Evoke: The painting evoked strong emotions in the viewers.12. Exploit: The company was accused of exploiting its workers by paying them below minimum wage.13. Fluctuate: Prices of goods often fluctuate depending on market demand.14. Nostalgia: Looking through old photo albums filled her with nostalgia for her childhood.15. Obscure: The meaning of the mysterious message was obscure and difficult to decipher.By using these example sentences, students can better understand how to use the vocabulary words in their own writing and conversations. Practicing with these words will help them improve their English skills and become more confident in their language abilities.篇3Unit 1 Vocabulary: Crime and Punishment1. Crime- The suspect was arrested for shoplifting.- The police are investigating a series of burglaries in the neighborhood.- The murder case was solved after months of investigation.2. Criminal- The criminal was sentenced to ten years in prison for armed robbery.- The police identified the suspect based on eyewitness accounts.- The prisoner was released on parole after serving half of his sentence.3. Victim- The victim of the robbery described the suspect to the police.- The victims of the scam lost thousands of dollars.- The victim's family has been seeking justice for years.4. Witness- The witness saw the car accident and called the police.- The eyewitness provided valuable information to help solve the case.- The witness testified in court about what he had seen.5. Evidence- The forensic team collected DNA evidence at the crime scene.- The surveillance video is crucial evidence in the investigation.- The fingerprints on the weapon were key evidence in the trial.6. Suspect- The police have several suspects in custody for questioning.- The suspect denied any involvement in the crime.- The suspect was caught on camera committing the theft.7. Arrest- The police made an arrest in connection with the bank robbery.- The suspect was taken into custody and charged with assault.- The arrest warrant was issued after months of investigation.8. Trial- The defendant pleaded not guilty at the trial.- The jury found the defendant guilty of murder.- The trial lasted for weeks before a verdict was reached.9. Sentence- The judge handed down a harsh sentence for the drug trafficker.- The defendant received a life sentence for multiple counts of murder.- The sentence was reduced on appeal due to new evidence.10. Punishment- The punishment for the crime was community service and a fine.- The government implemented stricter punishments for drunk driving.- The death penalty is a controversial form of punishment in many countries.In conclusion, the vocabulary associated with crime and punishment is essential for understanding the legal system andcriminal justice. It is important to know these words in order to discuss and analyze issues related to crime, law enforcement, and punishment. By learning and using these words in context, you can improve your English language skills and expand your knowledge of legal terminology.。

Unit 1 恰到好处Have you ever watched a clumsy man hammering a nail into a box? He hits it first to one side, then to another, perhaps knocking it over completely, so that in the end he only gets half of it into the wood. A skillful carpenter, on the other hand, will drive the nail with a few firm, deft blows, hitting it each time squarely on the head. So with language; the good craftsman will choose words that drive home his point firmly and exactly. A word that is more or less right, a loose phrase, an ambiguous expression, a vague adjective（模糊的形容词）, will not satisfy a writer who aims at clean English. He will try always to get the word that is completely right for his purpose.你见过一个笨手笨脚的男人往箱子上钉钉子吗？只见他左敲敲，右敲敲，说不准还会将整个钉子锤翻，结果敲来敲去到头来只敲进了半截。

而娴熟的木匠就不这么干。

他每敲一下都会坚实巧妙地正对着钉头落下去，一钉到底。

语言也是如此。

一位优秀的艺术家谴词造句上力求准确而有力地表达自己的观点。