unit 5 crime and punishment

五常罚站曲英语版The Five Punishments: A Tale of RedemptionIn the annals of Chinese history, there exists a fascinating and intricate system of justice known as the Five Punishments. This intricate web of consequences was designed to maintain order and instill a sense of moral responsibility within the citizenry. At the heart of this system lies a tale of redemption, a story that transcends the boundaries of time and culture, speaking to the universal human experience of growth, atonement, and the pursuit of a better tomorrow.The Five Punishments, or Wuchang, were a set of graduated penalties that ranged from the relatively mild to the severe. They included: Caning, Exile, Mutilation, Castration, and the ultimate punishment, Death. These punishments were not merely designed to inflict pain or suffering; rather, they were intended to serve as a means of rehabilitation, a way for the offender to confront their misdeeds and ultimately find a path towards redemption.The story begins with a young man, let us call him Feng, who had found himself ensnared in a web of his own making. Driven by a thirst for power and a disregard for the well-being of others, Feng had committed a heinous crime, one that shook the very foundations of his community. As the authorities closed in, Feng faced the stark reality of his actions and the impending judgment that would follow.Summoned before the magistrate, Feng trembled, his heart racing with a mixture of fear and shame. The magistrate, a figure of wisdom and uncompromising integrity, listened intently to Feng's account, weighing the gravity of his transgressions. After careful deliberation, the magistrate pronounced Feng's sentence: he would undergo the first of the Five Punishments – Caning.The caning, a public spectacle that served as a stark reminder of the consequences of one's misdeeds, was a humbling experience for Feng. As the bamboo rods struck his flesh, the pain seared through his body, and he found himself forced to confront the true nature of his actions. In that moment, the weight of his guilt became palpable, and Feng began to understand the depth of the harm he had caused.Following the caning, Feng was exiled from his home, forced to wander the vast expanse of the empire, stripped of the comforts and security he had once taken for granted. This Punishment of Exile was a test of resilience, a journey of self-discovery that would challengeFeng to confront his own demons and find the strength to rebuild his life.As Feng traversed the unfamiliar landscape, he encountered individuals from all walks of life, each with their own stories of struggle and redemption. Through these chance encounters, Feng began to see the world through a new lens, one that expanded his understanding of the human experience. He witnessed acts of kindness and compassion that had eluded him in his previous life, and slowly, a transformation began to take root within him.Time passed, and Feng's journey of atonement continued. He faced the Punishment of Mutilation, where he was forced to endure the removal of a body part as a permanent mark of his transgressions. This act, while agonizing, served as a stark reminder of the gravity of his crimes and the need for sincere remorse and change.As Feng grappled with the physical and emotional scars of his ordeal, he found solace in the teachings of wise elders and the support of those who had once been strangers. Through their guidance and the power of his own introspection, Feng began to cultivate a deeper sense of empathy and a newfound commitment to living a life of virtue and service.The Punishment of Castration, the next step in Feng's journey,presented an even greater challenge. This act, which robbed him of his very manhood, was a crushing blow to his sense of identity and self-worth. Yet, Feng faced it with a resolve that surprised even himself, for he had come to understand that true redemption lies not in the preservation of one's physical being, but in the transformation of one's character.Finally, Feng reached the last and most severe of the Five Punishments – Death. As he stood before the executioner, Feng's heart was filled not with fear, but with a profound sense of acceptance. He had come to terms with the consequences of his actions and was ready to embrace the ultimate price, knowing that his life would serve as a cautionary tale and a testament to the power of personal transformation.In the end, Feng's journey through the Five Punishments was not merely a tale of punishment and suffering, but a story of redemption and the triumph of the human spirit. Through his trials and tribulations, he had emerged as a changed man, one who had learned to value the sanctity of life, the importance of empathy, and the transformative power of personal accountability.The legacy of the Five Punishments lives on, not as a mere historical curiosity, but as a profound reflection on the human condition and the enduring quest for justice and moral renewal. Feng's story servesas a reminder that even the darkest of deeds can be redeemed, that the path to a better tomorrow begins with the courage to confront one's own shortcomings and the humility to embrace the transformative power of the human spirit.。

1 In every society, there are mechanisms for the declaration, alteration, administration, and the enforcement of the rules by which people live. Not all societies, however, utilize a formal legal system (courts, judges, lawyers, and law enforcement agencies) to the same degree. Historically, law development and industrialization, urbanization, and modernization are closely intertwined. The law and society literature suggests that the more complex the society, the more differentiated the legal system. Underlying this proposition is the notion that legal development is conditioned by a series of demands stemming from society’s economic, political, educational, and religious institutions. Based on the complexity and magnitude of the interplay among the institutions and between these institutions and the law, several types of legal systems may be identified in the course of societal development.1在每一个社会,有机制的宣言,变更、管理和人们生活的规则的执行。

《防止及惩治危害种族罪公约》（Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide）公约全文（联合国大会1948年12月9日第260A（Ⅲ）号）决议批准并提请各国签字及批准或加入生效：按照第十三条的规定，于1951年1月12日生效。

缔约国，鉴于联合国大会在其1946年12月11日第96（Ⅰ）号决议内曾声明灭绝种族系国际法上的一种罪行，违背联合国的精神与宗旨，且为文明世界所不容，认为有史以来，灭绝种族行为殃祸人类至为惨烈，深信欲免人类再遭此类狞恶之浩劫，国际合作实所必需，兹议定条款如下：第一条缔约国确认灭绝种族行为，不论发生于平时或战时，均系国际法上的一种罪行，承允防止并惩治之。

第二条本公约内所称灭绝种族系指蓄意全部或局部消灭某一民族、人种、种族或宗教团体，犯有下列行为之一者：（a）杀害该团体的成员；（b）致使该团体的成员在身体上或精神上遭受严重伤害；（c）故意使该团体处于某种生活状况下，以毁灭其全部或局部的生命；（d）强制施行办法，意图防止该团体内的生育；（e）强迫转移该团体的儿童至另一团体。

第三条下列行为应予惩治：（a）灭绝种族；（b）预谋灭绝种族；（c）直接公然煽动灭绝种族；（d）意图灭绝种族；（e）共谋灭绝种族。

第四条凡犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者，无论其为依宪法负责的统治者，公务员或私人，均应惩治之。

第五条缔约国承允各依照其本国宪法制定必要的法律，以实施本公约各项规定，而对于犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者尤应规定有效的惩治。

第六条凡被诉犯灭绝种族罪或有第三条所列其他行为之一者，应交由行为发生地国家的主管法院，或缔约国接受其管辖权的国际刑事法庭审理之。

第七条灭绝种族罪及第三条所列其他行为不得视为政治罪行，俾便引渡。

缔约国承诺遇有此类案件时，各依照其本国法律及现行条约，予以引渡。

第八条任何缔约国得提请联合国的主管机关遵照联合国宪章，采取其认为适当的行动，以防止及惩治灭绝种族的行为或第三条所列任何其他行为。

Unit 3. Part one. Crime and punishment.2. Exercises. 1. Listen to someone talking about prison and then answer the following questions.About 7 out of 10 people released from prison end up in prison again sooner or later. A lot of people think this simply indicates that once a person becomes a criminal he will probably remain a criminal. But of course it doesn’t necessarily mean that at all. On the contrary it could equally suggest that being in prison actually makes people more likely to commit crimes. After all prisons are full of criminals, and this means that someone going to prison for the first time is going to meet a lot more criminals than he’s met before, so he will probably learn a lot about crime during his stay there. The fact that so many people get rearrested also suggests that prisons aren’t doing enough to train people for jobs they can do when they get out. If they were given this training ex-prisoners wouldn’t need to turn to crime again to make a living.2. Listen again and then supply the missing information in the following passage.Part 2. Statements.2. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1) After considering an interviewing a dozen or so of candidates, finally I have selected Mr. Stock to assume the position of company secretary.2) In the office Tom likes people to let him have his own way, never allowing himself to be ordered about by someone else.3) As I lived far away from the school and thought of buying a second hand car, I would have bought Sam’s car if I had known he was selling it.4) I am not sure whether the whole class is going on the trip to Cambridge over the weekend, not everyone has paid the transportation fee.5) John lives quite near here, and he told me that he would come early. I don’t understand why John hasn’t arrived yet.6) The plane was due at 7:15, but it was delayed two and a half hours because of the bad weather in this area.7) With the final exams being only 2 weeks away, Emily should have studied instead of going to the party on Saturday night.8) After the tennis match Brown went to the locker room to take a shower and White who lives nearby went home.9) My father has always supported what I am going to do. I have no idea why he objected so strongly to this plan of mine.10) I am considering buying my own car and driving to work, but I don't get a study menu for my drivers test. I will have someone pick up one for me.11) I heard that Peter was not in class today. What I want to know is if he still coming to my party tonight.12) His topic was very interesting. And that’s why the attendance was great at first. But he spoke so badly that everyone got up and left in the middle of his speech.13) Our plane has been circling for a long time. I am told that the airport was closed for a while and the things still aren’t back to normal.14) Although we arrived early the line was so long that there were no seats left when wefinally got to the head of it.15) Only serious efforts will be amply rewarded, just regretting past failures will not help us to prepare for future examinations.16) The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business. It is an ideal time to stock up on coffee.17) If we had not had a flat tire we would have arrived on time at 2:30 instead of at 3:30.18) I can never tell if it’s Lisa or Gale on the phone, their voices are so similar. But that is about the only thing they have in common for sisters.19) Those are great sneakers. I never could have bought them if the shoe store wasn’t havinga big sale.20) I am not sure whether John has registered for biochemistry next semester. But as far as I know ha hasn’t taken an all prerequisites yet.Part 3. 2. Exercises.1. The victim of a crime. Listen to the following conversation and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.W: Andrew, I know you’ve been the victim of the crime.M: Well, actually I was robbed several times. The worst time was when my apartment was burglarized. I got home, and saw the lock of my door had been broken, and the apartment was ran sect.W: What was taken?M: They took my camera, my stereo, my paper work, I lost irreplaceable personal items. W: Were you scared?M: No, I was angry. And I felt helpless. Because I knew I could never find out what really happened. And I knew I would never get my stuff back. It’s like a feeling of violation when you know that someone has broken into your private space and taken your things. I called the police so that I could have a record of what was stolen for tax purposes. But they never caught the thief.W: And that wasn’t the first time you are robbed?M: No, I have had things taken by pick pockets. Once someone took my wallet on the subway. And there was a letter from my girl friend in that I’d like to carry arround with me. Not really important I suppose, but it had symbolic value. And when something like that happens you lose a part of your past. That time I felt angry at myself, because they always tell you not to put your wallet in your back pocket.Questions:1) What was Andrew’s worst experience of a crime?2) Andrew mentions several things that had been stolen in that case. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) How did Andrew feel after what it happened to him?4) Why did Andrew report the theft to the police?5) Which of the following statements is true about his having had things taken by pick pockets?2. How to stay safe in the city? Listen to the following passage about how to prevent crimes and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.Yes. So we in the police force had to have a lot of problems which could easily be avoided bytaking a minimum of care and using a bit of common sense. The kind of things I am talking about are muggings, assaults, robberies, and in some cases rape. Now I know you are all young and you want to enjoy yourselves. That’s OK. I don’t want to spoil your fun. So I have tried to tell you how to avoid putting yourselves and your property at risk. For all the girls here if you are in a bar or disco that make very sure that your handbag or purse is where you can keep an eye on it, not on the floor or on another chair. If you want to dance, ask friend to take care of it or take it with you. For the gentlemen, don’t walk around with your wallet stuck in a back pocket of your trousers. It’s easy meet for a pick pocket, believe me. If you are driving, park in a public car park, or at least in a well lit area if it’s at night. Thieves love to find a car in a quiet dark road. As you are all foreigners here, don’t carry a lot of cash with you. And the same goes for passports, identity cards, and other important documents. For your own personal security, it is always better to go home by bus or taxi if it’s late. If you have to walk home late at nigh, go with some friends. If you are alone, stick to well lit areas. Should you see a group of people looking for trouble, cross over the road and if you really think someone is going to bother you, bang on the door of the nearest house and ask for help. Oh, another word of warning, don’t hitch lifts. It’s asking for trouble. If a car stops to ask for information, just keep well clear of the door so you can see what the people want. This isn’t a dangerous town if you are sensible. To close, I just want to say that in this country it is illegal to carry a knife, spray, or anything that can be used as a weapon, even if it is for self-defense. Questions:1) Who do you think is giving this talk?2) What is his talk mainly about?3) What kind of people is he talking to?4) When you go home late at night which of the following things are you advised not to do?5) Which of the following statements is true according to the talk?6) Which of the following types of crime is not cautioned against in the talk?3. You left an informal report. Listen to the following dialogue and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.M: You left an informal report with sergeant Dorgans. There is just a couple of things I’d like to check on. Could you describe the goal to me in a bit more detail please.W: Yes, she was darkish. I should think she was between 25 and 30 round about. And she had shortish hair. I think she had a fringe but untidy.M: Did you notice the clothing at all?W: She had a white collar, open neck shirt, I think, over blouse or what look like a velvet jacket. But I can’t remember the color. I think it was a green or a brown, but it was some dark color.M: OK. Well, let’s go to the man of what you saw. If you could just describe it to me, because there wasn’t much on the report that you left with the sergeant.W: Yes, well, I noticed he was wearing a funny kind of woolen jacket.M: A balky sort of jacket, was it? Thick or …W: Well, yes, not really very balky. It looked as if it was neated, and had a sort of woolen color. And I think he was wearing an open neck shirt too. He was younger than her. I should think he was in his early 20s.M: And she looked older.W: She looked a bit older to me. And he had his hair brush back.M: Yes. Anything about the shirt that you noticed. Was it just a plain white shirt or was it any other sort?W: I think it was striped, but I can’t be perfectly sure. But I do remember his hair was sort of wavy and brushed back in shortish.M: OK. Well, that’s fine. Thanks very much. If you leave your phone number with the desk sergeant, maybe we will contact you in a near future.Questions:1) What are the two speakers doing?2) Who does the woman speaker describe?3) What’s the age of the woman being described?4) What’s the age of the man being described?5) What’s in common in the clothing of these 2 people being described?Part four. Listening and translation.3. Exercises. 1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) I hope I can meet you sometime next week to discuss the further details of the contract. Would Monday morning suit you?2) The fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium sized businesses.3) Computers can be designed for many specialized purposes. They can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess.4) The entertainment profession or show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately only very few can hope to become famous and prosperous.5) Statistics show that the US continues to be Scotland’s top export destination, with an estimated 2.1 billion pounds of exports in 2006, an increase of 5 million pounds since 2005.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You man take notes while you are listening.1) When I worked for a boss and a regular paycheck, my wife had to push me out of bed in the mornings. I hate the alarm clock. I hate the sun rises. After I quit and started working for myself, everything changed. It didn’t take long. The first morning I jumped out of bed set myself up and started going. Now the great part, I was doing exactly the same job. The difference was I was doing it for myself. Everything I made belonged to me.2) I would like to know that the wooden construction exhibition was successful for us. We have found a new line of activity for our company. A vast majority of visitors at our stand were very interested in the new energy efficient heating system, they reduces energy consumption by 40 to 50 percent. On the whole our company is very satisfied without exhibition was organized. We are planning to participate in the exhibition next year and the year after next.Unit ThreePart One Crime and PunishmentTo release ~ sb/sth (from sth) 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]Ex-prisoner 前服刑人员Part twoCandidate求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人To assume假定; 假设; 设想; 以为/假装/开始从事; 承担; 担任Locker寄存柜To object不赞成（某人[某事]）; 反对; 抗议Manual手工的; 手制的; 手控的To stock up on you buy a lot of it, in case you cannot get it laterSneakers He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋. Sneak告状; 打小报告sneak into悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜Biochemistry scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学Prerequisite / ˏpriːˈrekwɪzɪt;priˋrɛkwəzɪt/ adj/n 必备; 作为先决条件Part threeTo mug户外）行凶抢劫（某人mug sth up突击式学习To burglarize steal from 盗窃burglar 窃贼To ransack ~ sth (for sth) 彻底搜索（某处Assault ~ (on sth)突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击At riskIdentity cardTo hitch lifts免费搭私人车Spray喷雾器To spot 瞥见; 发觉Culprit / kʌlprɪt;ˋkʌlprɪt/ n犯过者; 犯罪者Someone broke a cup: who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯. Sergeant / sɑːdʒənt;ˋsɑrdʒənt/ n 缩写Sergt, Sgt中士Fringe刘海儿（地方﹑群体或活动的）外围Striped / straɪpt;ˋstraɪpt/ adj以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的Part FourEngagement雇用、正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式、订婚、约会Payroll The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time.Prepare payrollTipNeighborhood Watch programThe fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment消费电子和各种数码娱乐产品. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. 主要面向中小型企业的专业人士和代表Designed for many specialized purposes 为专业需要而设计Prepare payroll，guide airplane flights, direct traffic. Even play chess准备工资单，指引飞机航行，指挥交通，下象棋The entertainment profession/ show business娱乐业/ 娱乐圈Become famous and prosperous 成名致富Statistics show。

Unit 11Criminal LawTextⅠCrime and PunishmentDictionary Workoffence, omission, prosecute, compensate, concurrently, plead, felony, incarceration, mala in se, mala prohibita, inherently, fornication, sodomy, heritage, espouse (v.), notwithstanding, perpetrator, justifiable, proclaim, adhere toPre-reading Questions1.What is a crime?2.How many classifications of the crime are there as far as you know?3.What is the relationship between criminal law and punishment?Definition1For many countries one of the most serious domestic problem is crime. What is a crime? How to give it a definition?It varies from country to country and from time to time. A crime or offence is an illegal act, omission or event, whether or not it is also a tort, a breach of contract or a breach of trust, the principal consequence of which is that the offender, if he is detected and it is decided to prosecute, is prosecuted by or in the name of the State, and if he is found guilty is liable to be punished whether or not he is also ordered to compensate his victim.2 A wrong is a breach of a rule; it may be moral or legal according to whether the rule is one of morality or law. Legal wrongs may be civil or criminal, and this distinction depends upon that between civil and criminal law. The civil law is primarily concerned with the rights and duties of individuals among themselves, whereas the criminal law defines the duties which a person owes to society, but a legal wrong may be both civil and criminal.3Sometimes, the same conduct may be both a civil wrong and a crime. There are many cases in which one who commits a tort is also guilty of a crime. Assaults and collisions between vehicles are two out of numerous examples. Where a crime is also a civil wrong, criminal and civil proceedings may usually take place concurrently and the one is normally no bar to the other.4The only exception to this rule of any general importance is that, where criminal proceedings are taken in a magistrates’ court in respect of a common assault or battery by or on behalf of the party aggrieved, the defendant is released from all other proceedings, civil or criminal, for the same cause, if he obtains the magistrates’ certificate of the dismissal of the complaint or undergoes the punishment inflicted upon him. A certificate of dismissal must be issued if the magistrates decide that the offence is not proved, or if proved is so trifling as not to merit any punishment. Thepower to dismiss a case even though the offence is proved, which is peculiar to the above off ences, depends on there having been a hearing “on the merits” and this will not have occurred if the accused pleaded guilty.Criminal Law Classifications5Criminal law classifies crimes according to various criteria, including (1) the nature and degree of p enalty attached, (2) the nature and degree of “evil” involved, and (3) the kind of social harm.Felony, Misdemeanor, and Violation6 The past influences present criminal law. The great legal historian Frederic William Maitland maintained that the reasons for old classifications may have long since died, but their ghost ruel us from the grave. He meant that even when classifications have outlived their usefulness, they influence present practice. The classification that divides crimes into felonies and misdemeanors represents one example of the past ruling us from the grave. Historically, felonies were crimes punishable by death. Present law divides felonies into capital felonies and ordinary felonies. Therefore, the category includes both serial killers such as Ted Bundy at one extreme and individuals who steal £500 at the other. The breadth of its scope makes the classification largely meaningless in any sociological sense. It serves mainly as an administrative device to determine who gets the death penalty, life imprisonment, or incarceration in a state prison.7 Misdemeanors include crimes punishable either by fines or up to one year in jail. Common misdemeanors include simple assaults and battery, prostitution, and disorderly conduct. Most jurisdictions divide misdemeanors into gross misdemeanors.A third category of crime is violation. Traffic offenses fall into this group..Mala in se and Mala Prohibita8Another legal classification sorts crimes according to their perceived “evil.” This old arrangement overlaps the felony, misdemeanor, and violation categories and defines some crimes as inherently bad (the Latin mala in se). Crimes such as murder and rape fall into this category. Other behavior constitutes a crime only because the law says so (the Latin mala prohibita). Parking in a “no parking” zone is malum prohibitum.9This classification reflects American criminal law’s roots in the religious and moral codes of England and colonial America. Although frequently viewed as a preoccupation of the New England Puritans, the Anglicans of Virginia, Pennsylvania Quakers, and Maryland Catholics also infused criminal law with a moral component. The major felonies and “morals” offenses, fornication, prostitution, sodomy, gambling, and public drunkenness, descend from this religious and moral heritage.10In practice, no bright line separates mala in se and mala prohibita offenses. In fact, research demonstrates that despite legal theories espousing the distinction, and notwithstanding talk of an ethical core in the criminal law, perpetrators consider manycrimes formally classified mala in se “justifiable”-that is, a means to put right a keenly felt wrong. They believe their conduct may have been “technically” a crime, but definitely not evil. Despite these findings, legal theorists cling to the distinction.Crime, Law and Punishment11 “N o crime without law and no punishment without law” proclaim two ancient maxims governing formal criminal justice. Formally, modern criminal law adheres to these maxims in the firmly fixed principle of legality that underlies the substantive criminal law, that is, the law that defines what constitutes a crime. The principle of legality also applies to the law of criminal procedure, the law that prescribes how the government enforces the substantive criminal law, in such constitutional commands as “no deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law” and the guarantee of equal protection of the laws.12In practice, much reprehensible conduct, some of which causes considerable harm, occurs in every society. Neither all of that conduct nor all of that harm constitutes a crime. The law determines the distinction between unethical, immoral injury that justifies non-criminal legal action and criminal conduct and harm. To qualify as crimes, conduct or harm must satisfy five requirements; (1) A specific law prohibits the conduct and/or harm. (2) The law prescribes a penalty for the prohibited conduct and/or harm. (3) The particular law conforms to the general purposes and principles of criminal law. (4) The government must adhere to the rules of procedure in administering and enforcing the criminal law. (5) The punishment prescribed and actually administered accords with the Constitution’s prohibition against cruel an d unusual punishment.(1089words) Cross Jones &Card, Introduction to Criminal Law, 11th edition, Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd.; Joel Samaha, Criminal Justice, 2nd edition, West Publishing CompanyNotes_________________________1.capital felony: Crime punishable by death or life imprisonment.可判死刑或终生监禁的重罪。

Unit 3. Part one. Crime and punishment.2. Exercises. 1. Listen to someone talking about prison and then answer the following questions.About 7 out of 10 people released from prison end up in prison again sooner or later. A lot of people think this simply indicates that once a person becomes a criminal he will probably remain a criminal. But of course it doesn’t necessarily mean that at al l. On the contrary it could equally suggest that being in prison actually makes people more likely to commit crimes. After all prisons are full of criminals, and this means that someone going to prison for the first time is going to meet a lot more crimina ls than he’s met before, so he will probably learn a lot about crime during his stay there. The fact that so many people get rearrested also suggests that prisons aren’t doing enough to train people for jobs they can do when they get out. If they were given this training ex-prisoners wouldn’t need to turn to crime again to make a living.2. Listen again and then supply the missing information in the following passage.Part 2. Statements.2. Exercises. Listen and then choose the answer which is closest in meaning to each statement you hear.1) After considering an interviewing a dozen or so of candidates, finally I have selected Mr. Stock to assume the position of company secretary.2) In the office Tom likes people to let him have his own way, never allowing himself to be ordered about by someone else.3) As I lived far away from the school and thought of buying a second hand car, I would have bought Sam’s car if I had known he was selling it.4) I am not sure whether the whole class is going on the trip to Cambridge over the weekend, not everyone has paid the transportation fee.5) John lives quite near here, and he told me that he would come early. I don’t understand why John hasn’t arrived yet.6) The plane was due at 7:15, but it was delayed two and a half hours because of the bad weather in this area.7) With the final exams being only 2 weeks away, Emily should have studied instead of going to the party on Saturday night.8) After the tennis match Brown went to the locker room to take a shower and White who lives nearby went home.9) My father has always supported what I am going to do. I have no idea why he objected so strongly to this plan of mine.10) I am considering buying my own car and driving to work, but I don't get a study menu for my drivers test. I will have someone pick up one for me.11) I heard that Peter was not in class today. What I want to know is if he still coming to my party tonight.12) His topic was very interesting. And that’s why the attendance was great at first. Bu t he spoke so badly that everyone got up and left in the middle of his speech.13) Our plane has been circling for a long time. I am told that the airport was closed for a while and the things still aren’t back to normal.14) Although we arrived early the line was so long that there were no seats left when wefinally got to the head of it.15) Only serious efforts will be amply rewarded, just regretting past failures will not help us to prepare for future examinations.16) The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business. It is an ideal time to stock up on coffee.17) If we had not had a flat tire we would have arrived on time at 2:30 instead of at 3:30.18) I can never tell if it’s Lisa or Gale on the phone, their voices are so similar. But that is about the only thing they have in common for sisters.19) Those are great sneakers. I never could have bought them if the shoe store wasn’t havinga big sale.20) I am not sure whether John has registered for biochemistry next semester. But as far as I know ha hasn’t taken an all prerequisites yet.Part 3. 2. Exercises.1. The victim of a crime. Listen to the following conversation and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.W: Andr ew, I know you’ve been the victim of the crime.M: Well, actually I was robbed several times. The worst time was when my apartment was burglarized. I got home, and saw the lock of my door had been broken, and the apartment was ran sect.W: What was taken?M: They took my camera, my stereo, my paper work, I lost irreplaceable personal items. W: Were you scared?M: No, I was angry. And I felt helpless. Because I knew I could never find out what really happened. And I knew I would never get my stuff back. It’s like a feeling of violation when you know that someone has broken into your private space and taken your things. I called the police so that I could have a record of what was stolen for tax purposes. But they never caught the thief.W: And that wasn’t the first time you are robbed?M: No, I have had things taken by pick pockets. Once someone took my wallet on the subway. And there was a letter from my girl friend in that I’d like to carry arround with me. Not really important I suppose, but it had symbolic value. And when something like that happens you lose a part of your past. That time I felt angry at myself, because they always tell you not to put your wallet in your back pocket.Questions:1) What was Andrew’s worst experience of a crime?2) Andrew mentions several things that had been stolen in that case. Which of the following is not one of these things?3) How did Andrew feel after what it happened to him?4) Why did Andrew report the theft to the police?5) Which of the following statements is true about his having had things taken by pick pockets?2. How to stay safe in the city? Listen to the following passage about how to prevent crimes and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.Yes. So we in the police force had to have a lot of problems which could easily be avoided bytaking a minimum of care and using a bit of common sense. The kind of things I am talking about are muggings, assaults, robberies, and in some cases rape. Now I know you are all young and you want to enjoy yourselves. That’s OK. I don’t want to spoil your fun. So I have tried to tell you how to avoid putting yourselves and your property at risk. For all the girls here if you are in a bar or disco that make very sure that your handbag or purse is where you can keep an eye on it, not on the floor or on another chair. If you want to dance, ask friend to take care of it or take it with you. For the gentlemen, don’t walk around with your wallet stuck in a back pocket of your trousers. It’s easy meet for a pick pocket, believe me. If you are driving, park in a public car park, or at least in a well lit area if it’s at night. Thieves love to find a car in a quiet dark road. As you are all foreigners here, don’t carry a lot of cash with you. And the same goes for passports, identity cards, and other important documents. For your own personal security, it is always better to go home by bus or taxi if it’s late. If you have to walk home late at nigh, go with some friends. If you are alone, stick to well lit areas. Should you see a group of people looking for trouble, cross over the road and if you really think someone is going to bother you, bang on the door of the nearest house and ask for help. Oh, another word of warning, don’t hitch lifts. It’s asking for tro uble. If a car stops to ask for information, just keep well clear of the door so you can see what the people want. This isn’t a dangerous town if you are sensible. To close, I just want to say that in this country it is illegal to carry a knife, spray, or anything that can be used as a weapon, even if it is for self-defense. Questions:1) Who do you think is giving this talk?2) What is his talk mainly about?3) What kind of people is he talking to?4) When you go home late at night which of the following things are you advised not to do?5) Which of the following statements is true according to the talk?6) Which of the following types of crime is not cautioned against in the talk?3. You left an informal report. Listen to the following dialogue and then choose the correct answer to each question you hear.M: You left an informal report with sergeant Dorgans. There is just a couple of things I’d like to check on. Could you describe the goal to me in a bit more detail please.W: Yes, she was darkish. I should think she was between 25 and 30 round about. And she had shortish hair. I think she had a fringe but untidy.M: Did you notice the clothing at all?W: She had a white collar, open neck shirt, I think, over blouse or what look like a velvet jac ket. But I can’t remember the color. I think it was a green or a brown, but it was some dark color.M: OK. Well, let’s go to the man of what you saw. If you could just describe it to me, because there wasn’t much on the report that you left with the serge ant.W: Yes, well, I noticed he was wearing a funny kind of woolen jacket.M: A balky sort of jacket, was it? Thick or …W: Well, yes, not really very balky. It looked as if it was neated, and had a sort of woolen color. And I think he was wearing an open neck shirt too. He was younger than her. I should think he was in his early 20s.M: And she looked older.W: She looked a bit older to me. And he had his hair brush back.M: Yes. Anything about the shirt that you noticed. Was it just a plain white shirt or was it any other sort?W: I think it was striped, but I can’t be perfectly sure. But I do remember his hair was sort of wavy and brushed back in shortish.M: OK. Well, that’s fine. Thanks very much. If you leave your phone number with the desk sergeant, maybe we will contact you in a near future.Questions:1) What are the two speakers doing?2) Who does the woman speaker describe?3) What’s the age of the woman being described?4) What’s the age of the man being described?5) What’s in commo n in the clothing of these 2 people being described?Part four. Listening and translation.3. Exercises. 1. Sentence translation. Listen and translate each sentence you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below.1) I hope I can meet you sometime next week to discuss the further details of the contract. Would Monday morning suit you?2) The fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium sized businesses.3) Computers can be designed for many specialized purposes. They can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess.4) The entertainment profession or show business attracts many young people. Unfortunately only very few can hope to become famous and prosperous.5) Statistics show that the US continues to be Scotland’s top export destination, with an estimated 2.1 billion pounds of exports in 2006, an increase of 5 million pounds since 2005.2. Passage translation. Listen and translate each passage you have heard into Chinese. Then write it in the space given below. You man take notes while you are listening.1) When I worked for a boss and a regular paycheck, my wife had to push me out of bed in the mornings. I hate the alarm clock. I hate the sun rises. After I quit and started working for myself, everything changed. It didn’t take long. The first morning I jumped out of bed set myself up and started going. Now the great part, I was doing exactly the same job. The difference was I was doing it for myself. Everything I made belonged to me.2) I would like to know that the wooden construction exhibition was successful for us. We have found a new line of activity for our company. A vast majority of visitors at our stand were very interested in the new energy efficient heating system, they reduces energy consumption by 40 to 50 percent. On the whole our company is very satisfied without exhibition was organized. We are planning to participate in the exhibition next year and the year after next.Unit ThreePart One Crime and PunishmentTo release ~ sb/sth (from sth) 放走（人或动物）; 释放或解放某人[某事物]Ex-prisoner 前服刑人员Part twoCandidate求职）申请人; （尤指国会的）候选人To assume假定; 假设; 设想; 以为/假装/开始从事; 承担; 担任Locker寄存柜To object不赞成（某人[某事]）; 反对; 抗议Manual手工的; 手制的; 手控的To stock up on you buy a lot of it, in case you cannot get it laterSneakers He wore old jeans and a pair of sneakers. 他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋. Sneak告状; 打小报告sneak into悄悄地走（向某处）; 溜Biochemistry scientific study of the chemistry of living organisms 生物化学Prerequisite / ˏpriːˈrekwɪzɪt; priˋrɛkwəzɪt/ adj/n 必备; 作为先决条件Part threeTo mug户外）行凶抢劫（某人mug sth up突击式学习To burglarize steal from 盗窃burglar 窃贼To ransack ~ sth (for sth) 彻底搜索（某处Assault ~ (on sth)突然而猛烈的攻击; 突袭; 突击At riskIdentity cardTo hitch lifts免费搭私人车Spray喷雾器To spot 瞥见; 发觉Culprit / kʌlprɪt; ˋkʌlprɪt/ n犯过者; 犯罪者Someone broke a cup: who was the culprit? 有人把杯子打碎了, 是谁干的? * Police are searching for the culprits. 警方正在搜捕罪犯. Sergeant / sɑːdʒənt; ˋsɑrdʒənt/ n 缩写Sergt, Sgt中士Fringe刘海儿（地方﹑群体或活动的）外围Striped / straɪpt; ˋstraɪpt/ adj以条纹作标志的; 有条纹的Part FourEngagement雇用、正式的承诺或保证（尤指书面形式、订婚、约会Payroll The total sum of money to be paid out to employees at a given time.Prepare payrollTipNeighborhood Watch programThe fair to be held next month is focused on consumer electronics and digital entertainment消费电子和各种数码娱乐产品. It is intended for the professionals and representatives of small and medium-sized businesses. 主要面向中小型企业的专业人士和代表Designed for many specialized purposes 为专业需要而设计Prepare payroll，guide airplane flights, direct traffic. Even play chess准备工资单，指引飞机航行，指挥交通，下象棋The entertainment profession/ show business娱乐业/ 娱乐圈Become famous and prosperous 成名致富Statistics show。

Unit 5自主学习测试题Directions：Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.（A）Throwing criminals in prison is an ancient and widespread method of punishment, but is it a wise one? It does seem reasonable to keep wrongdoers in a place where they find fewer opportunities to hurt innocent people. The system has long been considered fair and sound by those who want to see the guilty punished and society protected. But the value of this form of justice is now being questioned by the very men who have to apply it –the judges.Does it really help the society, or the victim, or the victim’s family, to put in prison a man who, while drunk at the wheel of his car, has injured or killed another person? It would be more helpful to make the man pay for his victim’s medical bills and compensate him/her for the bad experience, the loss of working time, and any other problems arising from the accident. If the victim is dead, in most cases the victim’s family would need some financial assistance.And a young thief who spends time in prison may receive there a thorough education in crime from his fellow prisoners. Willingly or not, he has to associate himself with tough criminals who will drag him into more serious crimes.Such considerations have caused a number of judges to try some new forms of punishment for light criminals, which are unpleasant enough to discourage the offenders (违法者) from repeating their offenses, but safe for them because they are not exposed to dangerous company. They pay for their crime by helping their victims, financially or otherwise, or doing unpaid labor for their community; or perhaps, they take a job and repay their victim out of their salary. This sort of punishment is applied only to nonviolent criminals who are not likely to be dangerous to the public, such as forgers (伪造者), thieves, and drivers who have caused traffic accidents. The sentenced criminal has the right to refuse the new type of punishment if he prefers a prison term.1、According to the passage, putting criminals in prison is a widespread method of punishment because ________.A.the victim and family can not be hurt any moreB.putting criminals in prison started in ancient timesC.throwing criminals in prison is the best form of justiceD.criminals can be prevented from harming innocent people2、The new forms of punishment of light criminals have the following features except that________.A. they are kept in special rooms in prisonB. they may work and compensate the victimsC. they are not exposed to dangerous companyD. they pay for their crime by helping the victims3、Which criminal is likely to receive the new forms of punishment?A. A spy.B. A thief.C. A murderer.D. A drug dealer.4、According to the passage, if a young forger is put to prison, he will probably ________.A. correct his wrongdoingsB. hurt his fellow prisonersC. receive a good educationD. do more serious crimes later5、The author is of the opinion that ________.A. criminals should get paid when they help the victims or the communityB. light criminals should not be thrown in prison under any circumstancesC. some new forms of punishment are more helpful to both the victims and the criminalsD. putting criminals in prison is out of date and we should adopt new forms of punishment（B）Since World War II, there has been a clear trend, especially among the growing group of college students, toward early marriage. Many youths begin dating in the first stages of adolescence (青春期), “go steady”through high school, and marry before their formal education has been completed. However, emotional maturity is no respecter of birthdays; it does not arrive automatically at twenty-one or twenty-five. Some achieve it surprisingly early, while others never do, even at the age of seventy.Many students are marrying as an escape from their own personal problems of loneliness. However any marriage entered into as an escape cannot prove entirely successful. The sad fact is that marriage seldom solves one’s problems; more often, it merely makes them worse. Furthermore, it is doubtful whether the home as an institution is capable of carrying all that the young are seeking to put into it. Young people correctly understand that their parents are wrong in believing that success is the ultimate (最终的) good, but they mistakenly believe that they themselves have found the true center of life’s meaning. Their expectations of marriage are essentially unrealistic, and therefore incapable of fulfillment. They want too much, and disillusionment (幻想破灭) is often sure to follow.Shall we, then, think early marriages are bad? One cannot draw the conclusion that all early marriages are bad or all later ones are good. Satisfactory marriages are determined not by age, but by the emotional maturity of the partners. Therefore, each case must be judged on its own merits. If the early marriage is not an escape, if it is entered into with relatively few illusions (幻想) or false expectations, and if it is economically practical, why not? Good marriages can be made from sixteen to sixty, and so can bad ones.1、Since World War II people tend to marry early for the following reasons except that________.A.they begin dating at an early ageB.they want to get rid of lonelinessC.they become physically mature earlyD. they achieve emotional maturity early2、According to the passage, which of the following statements about marriages is true?A.Marriages should become the center of one’s life.B.Marriages can only solve the problem of loneliness.C.Marriages can seldom solve people’s personal problems.D. Marriages are not as important as success to the young.3、People achieve emotional maturity ________.A.at different agesB. after they get marriedB.C. at roughly the same age D. at either the age of 21 or 254、According to the passage, what plays a crucial role in a happy marriage?A.Economic status of the couple.B.Emotional maturity of the couple.C.The couples’expectations of their marriage.D. The ages of the couple when they get married.5、What is the author’s attitude towards early marriage?A.The author thinks not all early marriages are bad.B.The author encourages people to get married at age 16.C.The author supports all early marriages because of the merits.D. The author considers later marriages are better than early ones.（C）Before many people buy a car, a television or a washing machine, they shop around for the best deal. Yet, when some of these people find themselves in a position in which a second medical opinion is a good idea –when facing a difficult operation, for example, –they are unwilling to go further. Sometimes it doesn’t matter. But sometimes it can lead to the wrong treatment, even death. Health professionals say there are a variety of reasons why we fear that second opinion.A number of psychological roadblocks (障碍) get in the way of second medical opinions, but one of the most common ones is the fear of hurting the feelings of the doctor, and the possible result of that. People may think that in bringing up that they want to get a second opinion they are questioning the doctor’s ability, so in the interest of not hurting the feeling of him they don’t suggest it.Another reason people keep away from getting a second opinion is fear of the second doctor giving them worse news than the first. But the most important is that it’s in your self-interest to get another opinion, and it may not be worse.Besides, most people respect their doctors, and regard them as with godlike qualities. So they trust their doctors are right, and don’t ask for a second opinion. In fact, it doesn’t even occur to them that they should. But you should remember that the doctor is a human being just like you.Finally, sickness may foster poor judgment. And sometimes, when people are sick, they become childlike. They put all types of good feelings onto the doctor and just let him take over. That might not be the best thing. Sometimes, obtaining that second opinion just seems like too much work or too much trouble.But remember, the purpose of a second opinion is to collect information so that you can make as informed a decision as possible on your medical care. Sometimes getting that second medical opinion can mean the difference between life and death.1、What does the writer say about a second medical opinion?A.It is better than the first one.B.It is absolutely necessary.C.It can save a patient’s life.D. It can hurt the doctor’s feelings.2、Why are some patients afraid of hurting the doctor’s feelings?A.Because they have been taught to respect doctors in this way.B.Because they are worried that something unhappy will happen.C.Because they are afraid that the doctor may ignore them after that.D. Because they fear the doctor may intentionally give them wrong treatments.3、Another reason some patients don’t want to get a second medical opinion is that ________.A.they are used to treating their doctors as godsB.doctors generally don’t want their patients to do soC.they think it is wrong to doubt the doctor’s opinionD. doctors usually don’t have a second opinion to offer4、Which of the following is a reason why you should get a second medical opinion?A.Doctors make mistakes like you and me.B.The second opinion will never be worse.C.We should not trust our doctors’abilities to treat us.D. We will not get too much trouble if we get a second opinion.5、The word “foster”(Para. 5) may probably be closest in meaning to ________.A.RejectB. FulfillC. TransformD. encourageDirections：Translate the following sentences into English.1、我很高兴向所有出席此次年度大会的各位表达我的问候。