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第５期 收稿日期：２０１９－１２－１７基金项目：黑龙江省高等教育教学改革一般研究项目（ＳＪＧＹ２０１９０６８８）作者简介：云 观（１９９２—），助教，研究方向为有机化学与生物化学。
有机化学实验中废液及固废的处理云 观１，陈佳丽２，蒋 舰１，邵艳秋１（１．牡丹江师范学院化学化工学院，黑龙江牡丹江 １５７０１１；２．牡丹江龙江环保供水有限公司，黑龙江牡丹江 １５７０１１）摘要：本文总结了我校本科有机化学实验的实验项目及产生的废液、固废，并进行分类。
通过中和至无毒化、蒸馏再利用、转化为其它实验的反应原料等环保安全的方法处理产生的废液、固废，可以减少有机化学实验对环境的污染，并且可以降低实验成本。
关键词：有机化学实验；废液；固废；处理办法中图分类号：Ｘ７０３；Ｘ７０５ 文献标识码：Ｂ 文章编号：１００８－０２１Ｘ（２０２０）０５－０２５７－０２ＴｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＬｉｑｕｉｄａｎｄＳｏｌｉｄＷａｓｔｅｓｉｎＯｒｇａｎｉｃＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙＥｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓＹｕｎＧｕａｎ１，ＣｈｅｎＪｉａｌｉ２，ＪｉａｎｇＪｉａｎ１，ＳｈａｏＹａｎｑｉｕ１（１．ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＭｕｄａｎｊｉａｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｍｕｄａｎｊｉａｎｇ １５７０１１，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＭｕｄａｎｊｉａｎｇＬｏｎｇｊｉａｎｇＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎＷａｔｅｒＳｕｐｐｌｙＣｏ．，Ｌｔｄ．，Ｍｕｄａｎｊｉａｎｇ １５７０１１，Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｓｕｍｍａｒｉｚｅｓｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｉｔｅｍｓｏｆｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｌｉｑｕｉｄａｎｄｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅ，ａｎｄｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｓｔｈｅｍ．Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓａｆｅｔｙｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｓｕｃｈａｓｎｅｕｔｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｔｏｎｏｎ－ｔｏｘｉｃｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｄｉｓｔｉｌｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｕｓｅ，ａｎｄｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｉｎｔｏｏｔｈｅｒｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｔｏｄｅａｌｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｗａｓｔｅｌｉｑｕｉｄａｎｄｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅｃａｎｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｃｏｓｔ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔ；ｗａｓｔｅｌｉｑｕｉｄ；ｓｏｌｉｄｗａｓｔｅ；ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｍｅｔｈｏｄ 有机化学实验是本科教学中化学、生物、医学、高分子和材料科学等多专业的专业基础课，在有机化学实验中大多数实验都会产生废液及固废，如果在实验结束后不能及时处理实验产生的废弃物，将会对人体健康和环境造成危害和污染。
环境化学名词解释爱根核模（Aitken nuclei mold）Whitby等人依据大气颗粒物按表面积与粒径分布的关系得到了三种不同类型的粒度模，把大气颗粒物表示成三种模结构，即爱根(Aitken）核模(Dp＜0.05 ）、积聚模(0.05 ＜Dp ＜2 ）和粗粒子模(Dp＞2 ）。
爱根核模主要来源于燃烧过程所产生的一次颗粒物，以及气体分子通过化学反应均相成核而生成的二次颗粒物。
>> 表面活性剂（surfactant）表面活性剂是分子中同时具有亲水性基团和疏水性基团的物质。
它能显著改变液体的表面张力或两相间界面的张力，具有良好的乳化或破乳；润湿、渗透或反润湿；分散或凝聚；起泡、稳泡和增加溶解力等作用。
不对称合成（asymmetrical synthesis）一种反应,其中底物分子整体中的非手性部分经过反应试剂作用,不等量地生成立体异构体产物的手性单元。
也就是说，不对称合成是这样一个过程，它将潜手性单元转化为手性单元，使得产生不等量的立体异构产物。
不可逆吸附（irreversible sorption）有机质含量及结构，决定着污染物的吸附特性，从而决定其微生物降解的生物可利用性，进入到有机质致密的刚性结构中的污染物很难再返回到土壤颗粒表面或土壤溶液中，被微生物所利用，这种现象被称为不可逆吸附。
超临界流体（supercritical fluids, SCF）一些物质在超临界条件下，其物理化学性质介于气体和液体之间，兼具两种状态的特点。
如具有与液体相近的溶解能力和传热系数，同时具有与气体相近的粘度系数和扩散系数。
处于超临界状态下的物质称为超临界流体。
电动力学修复（electrokinetic remediation）利用电动力学原理对受污染土壤进行修复的方法称为电动力学修复，即将电极插入受污染的地下水及土壤区域,施加直流电，形成直流电场。
由于土壤颗粒表面双电层，孔隙水中带有电荷的离子或颗粒，在电场作用下通过电迁移、电渗流或电泳的方式沿电场方向定向迁移，污染物离开土壤向两级迁移，最终富集在电极区得到集中处理或分离。
有机化学chinese journal of organic chemistry 《有机化学》（Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry）是中国化学会主办的一本有机化学领域的学术期刊。
该期刊于1981年创刊，目前以英文版发行。
其主要目标是促进和推动有机化学领域的研究，包括有机物的合成方法、反应机理、结构与活性关系等方面。
该期刊涵盖了广泛的研究领域，包括有机合成化学、新材料合成、催化剂设计、药物化学、生物有机化学等。
它为国内外的研究人员提供了一个交流和分享最新研究成果的平台。
《有机化学》期刊以严谨的学术质量和高水平的论文发表而闻名，经过同行评审的严格审稿流程确保了所发表的文章的科学性和可靠性。
它在国际学术界具有很高的声誉和影响力，并获得了许多国内外学术奖项和荣誉。
作为有机化学领域的重要期刊，《有机化学》鼓励学者和科研工作者积极投稿，并提供了一个展示研究成果的平台。
它不仅为学术界提供了一个交流和合作的机会，也为广大读者提供了最新的研究进展和前沿知识。
《有机化学》是中国有机化学领域的重要学术期刊，对推动和促进该领域的研究具有重要意义。
前沿讲座 Seminar专业英语 Professional English现代分析化学 Modern analytical chemistry 生物分析技术 Bioanalytical techniques高分子进展 Advances in polymers功能高分子进展 Advances in functional polym ers有机硅高分子研究进展 Progresses in organosi licon polymers高分子科学实验方法 Scientific experimental methods of polymers高分子设计与合成 The design and synthesis o f polymers反应性高分子专论 Instructions to reactive p olymers网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering information有序分子组合体概论 Introduction to Organize d Molecular Assembilies两亲分子聚集体化学 Chemistry of amphiphilic aggregates表面活性剂体系研究新方法 New Method for stu dying Surfactant System微纳米材料化学 Chemistry of Micro-NanoMater ials 分散体系研究新方法 New Method for studying dispersion分散体系相行为 The Phase Behavior of Aqueou s Dispersions溶液-凝胶材料 Sol-Gel Materials高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry 分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y群论 Group Theory分子模拟理论及软件应用 Theory and Software of Molecular Modelling & Application价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium现代无机化学 Today's Inorganic Chemistry 无机化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Forwar d Field in Inorganic Chemistry量子化学 Quantum Chemistry分子材料 Molecular Material固体酸碱理论 Solid Acid-Base Theory萃取过程物理化学 Physical Chemistry in Extr action表面电化学 Surface Electrochemistry电化学进展 Advances on Electrochemistry 现代电化学实验技术 Modern Experimental Tech niques of Electrochemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications叶立德化学:理论和应用 Ylides Chemistry: The ory and Application立体化学与手性合成 Stereochemistry and Chir al Synthesis杂环化学 Heterocyclic Chemistry有机硅化学 Organosilicon Chemistry药物设计及合成 Pharmaceutical Design and Sy nthesis超分子化学 Supramolecular Chemistry 分子设计与组合化学 Molecular Design and Com binatorial Chemistry纳米材料化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Na no-materials Chemistry纳米材料控制合成与自组装 Controlled-synthes is and Self-assembly of Nano-materials前沿讲座 Leading Front Forum专业英语 Professional English超分子化学基础 Basics of Supramolecular Che mistry液晶材料基础 Basics of Liquid Crystal Mater ials现代实验技术 Modern analytical testing tech niques色谱及联用技术 Chromatography and Technolog y of tandem发光分析及其研究法 Luminescence analysis an d Research methods胶束酶学 Micellar Enzymology分析化学中的配位化合物 Complex in Analytica l Chemistry电分析化学 Electroanalytical chemistry生物分析化学 Bioanalytical chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry仪器分析 Instrument analysis高分子合成化学 Polymers synthetic chemistry高聚物结构与性能 Structures and properties of polymers有机硅化学 Organosilicon chemistry功能高分子 Functional polymers有机硅高分子 Organosilicon polymers高分子现代实验技术 Advanced experimental te chnology of polymers高分子合成新方法 New synthetic methods of p olymers液晶与液晶高分子 Liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers大分子反应 Macromolecules reaction水溶性高分子 Water-soluble polymers聚合物加工基础 The basic process of polymer s聚合物复合材料 Composite materials高等化工与热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineer ing and Thermodynamics高等反应工程学 Advanced Reaction Engineerin g高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry 高等有机合成 Advanced Organic synthesis 有机化学中光谱分析 Spectrum Analysis in Org anic Chemistry催化作用原理 Principle of Catalysis染料化学 Dye Chemistry 中间体化学与工艺学 Intermediate Chemistry a nd Technology化学动力学 Chemical Kinetics表面活性剂合成与工艺 Synthesis and Technolo gy of Surfactants环境化学 Environmental Chemistry化工企业清洁生产 Chemical Enterprise Clean Production化工污染及防治 Chemical Pollution and Contr ol动量热量质量传递 Momentum, Heat and Mass Tr ansmission化工分离工程专题 Separation Engineering 耐蚀材料 Corrosion Resisting Material网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering informa tion新型功能材料的模板组装 Templated Assembly o f Novel Advanced Materials胶体与界面 Colloid and Interface纳米材料的胶体化学制备方法 Colloid Chemical Methods for Preparing Nano-materials脂质体化学 Chemistry of liposome表面活性剂物理化学 Physico-chemistry of sur factants高分子溶液与微乳液 Polymer Solutions and Mi croemulsions两亲分子的溶液化学 Chemistry of Amphiphilic Molecules in solution介孔材料化学 Mesoporous Chemistry超细颗粒化学 Chemistry of ultrafine powder 分散体系流变学 The Rheolgy of Aqueous Dispe rsions量子化学 Quantum Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics群论 Group Theory分子模拟 Molecular Modelling高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y分子模拟软件及其应用 Software of Molecular Modelling & its Application分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics腐蚀电化学 Corrosion Electrochemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry结构化学 structural Chemistry 现代分析与测试技术(试验为主） Modern Analysi s and Testing Technology（experimetally)高等无机化学 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 近代无机物研究方法 Modern Research Methods for Inorganic Compounds萃取化学研究方法 Research Methods for Extra ction Chemistry单晶培养 Crystal Culture固态化学 Chemistry of Solid Substance液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry卟啉酞箐化学 Chemistry of Porphyrine and Ph thalocyanine无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium生物化学的应用 Application of Biologic Chem istry生物无机化学 Bio-Inorganic Chemistry绿色化学 Green Chemistry金属有机化合物在均相催化中的应用 Applied Ho mogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds功能性食品化学 Functionalized Food Chemistr y无机药物化学 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemi stry电极过程动力学 Kinetics on Electrode Proces s电化学研究方法 Electrochemical Research Met hods生物物理化学 Biological Physical Chemistry 波谱与现代检测技术 Spectroscopy and Modern Testing Technology理论有机化学 theoretical Organic Chemistry 合成化学 Synthesis Chemistry有机合成新方法 New Methods for Organic Synt hesis生物有机化学 Bio-organic Chemistry药物化学 Pharmaceutical Chemistry金属有机化学 Organometallic Chemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications分子构效与模拟 Molecular Structure-Activity and Simulation过程装置数值计算 Data Calculation of Proces s Devices石油化工典型设备 Common Equipment of Petroc hemical Industry 化工流态化工程 Fluidization in Chemical Ind ustry化工装置模拟与优化 Analogue and Optimizatio n of Chemical Devices化工分离工程 Separation Engineering化工系统与优化 Chemical System and Optimiza tion高等化工热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineerin g and Thermodynamics超临界流体技术及应用 Super Cratical Liguid Technegues and Applications膜分离技术 Membrane Separation Technegues溶剂萃取原理和应用 Theory and Application o f Solvent Extraction树脂吸附理论 Theory of Resin Adsorption 中药材化学 Chemistry of Chinese Medicine 生物资源有效成分分析与鉴定 Analysis and Det ection of Bio-materials相平衡理论与应用 Theory and Application o f Phase Equilibrium计算机在化学工程中的应用 Application of Com puter in Chemical Engineering微乳液和高分子溶液 Micro-emulsion and High Molecular Solution传递过程 Transmision Process反应工程分析 Reaction Engineering Analysis腐蚀电化学原理与应用 Principle and Applicat ion of Corrosion Electrochemistry腐蚀电化学测试方法与应用 Measurement Method and Application of Corrosion Elect rochemistry耐蚀表面工程 Surface Techniques of Anti-cor rosion缓蚀剂技术 Inhabitor Techniques腐蚀失效分析 Analysis of Corrosion Destroy 材料表面研究方法 Method of Studying Materia l Surfacc分离与纯化技术 Separation and Purification Technology现代精细有机合成 Modern Fine Organic Synthe sis化学工艺与设备 Chemical Technology and Appa ratuas功能材料概论 Functional Materials Conspectu s油田化学 Oilfield Chemistry精细化学品研究 Study of Fine Chemicals催化剂合成与应用 Synthesis and Application of Catalyzer低维材料制备 Preparation of Low-Dimension M aterials手性药物化学 Symmetrical Pharmaceutical Che mistry 光敏高分子材料化学 Photosensitive Polymer M aterials Chemistry纳米材料制备与表征 Preparation and Characte rization of Nanostructured materials溶胶凝胶化学 Sol-gel Chemistry纳米材料化学进展 Proceeding of Nano-materia ls Chemistry●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III) chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠 sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate糖类 carbohydrate烃 hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基 hydrocarbonyl同分异构体 isomer同素异形体 allotrope同位素 isotope同系物 homo1og涂料 coating烷烃 alkane物质的量 amount of substance物质的量浓度 amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃 alkene洗涤剂 detergent纤维素 cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量 relative atomic mass消去反应 elimination reaction硝化反应 nitratlon reaction硝酸钡 barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠 sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水 bromine water盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应 flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝 aluminium oxide氧化铁 iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛 ethana1乙炔 ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate乙烯 ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂 oils and fats有机化合物 organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements元素周期律 periodic law of elements原电池 primary battery原子序数 atomic number皂化反应 saponification粘合剂 adhesive蔗糖 sucrose指示剂 Indicator酯 ester酯化反应 esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂 test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚 pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸 hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱 hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应 exothermic reaction 放热反应 precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO) 256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t 316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e 326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
环保常用术语水质标准Water quality standards土壤污染soil pollution三废：废水、废气、废固Waste water/wastegas/solid waste硬度HardnessPH值PH value化学需氧量COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand重金属Heavy metals水污染Water pollution生化需氧量BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand大气污染air pollution总需氧量TOD: Total Oxygen Demand总有机碳TOC: Total Organic Carbon总氮TN: Total Nitrogen有机氮Organic Nitrogen氨氮ammonia nitrogen悬浮物SS：Suspended Substance溶解氧DO: Dissolved Oxygen色度Colority浊度Turbidity表2-1 中英文对照质量控制常用术语滴定titration溶液solution投诉complaintHPLC high performance liquidchromatographyGC gas chromatography样品sampleGLP good labrotory practice甲醇methanol乙腈acetonitril对照品reference standard试剂reagent分析analysis标定standardize稳定性stability方法method标准specification记录record OOS out of specification偏差deviation调查investigation安防部常用术语安全帽helmets 洗眼器eye browser报警按钮alarm button 三级教育The three-level education 三不伤害three non-injury 安全通道safe passage四不放过four did not miss 灭火器fire extinguishers防护眼镜protective glasses 安全标识security logo四懂四会understand 安全第一safety First预防为主prevention 消火栓fire hydrant物流常用术语原料raw material成品finished goods中间体intermediate合格qualified待检quarantine不合格reject库存inventory分料dispense标签label接收receive包装package发货dispatch托盘pallet净重net weight毛重gross weight皮重tare weight检验报告单COA (certificate of analysis)报关Customs declaration发票invoice装箱单packing listQA常用术语药品生产质量管理规范GMP good manufacturing practice不符合规定OOS out of specification 良好的记录规范GDP good documentation practice内审Self-inspection质量保证QA quality assurance 产品召回Recall变更控制CC change control返工Reprocess年度质量回顾AQU annual quality review再加工Rework验证Validation 偏差Deviation表6-1 中英文对照生产常用术语反应reaction冷却cooling加热heating 回流return分层stratification萃取extraction脱色decolorization 过滤filtration结晶crystallization 重结晶recrystallization洗涤washing 常压蒸馏Atmospheric distillation减压蒸馏vacuum distillatio n 精馏distillation离心centrifugal 烘干drying磨粉mill 包装package生产常用术语precipitation 沉淀distillation 蒸馏alkalinization 碱化to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用anode 阳极,正极reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解reversible 可逆的cathode 阴极,负极product 化学反应产物apparatus 设备flask 烧瓶series 系列 filter 滤管element 元素inorganic chemistry 无机化学pipette 吸液管gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子litmus paper 石蕊试纸量cation 阳离子anion 阴离子molecule 分子organic acid 有机酸gel 凝胶体symbol 复合 radical 基hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸mixture 混合alloy 合金derivative 衍生物potassium carbonate 碳酸钾bivalent 二价nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水caustic potash 苛性钾polymer 聚合物butane 丁烷ester 酯endothermic reaction 吸热反应burette 滴定管粘合剂 adhesive sucrose 蔗糖exothermic reaction 放热反应涂料 coating stirring rod 搅拌棒compound 化合物organic chemistry 有机化学fractionation 分馏structural formula 分子式combination 合成作用表8-1 中英文对照methano甲醇seal垫片height 高度compressor 压缩toluene甲苯Ball valve 球阀length长度dimension 尺寸acetone丙酮check valve 止回阀thickness 厚度boiler 锅炉hydrochloric acid盐酸diafragn weight 重量Screwed丝口cooling tower water 循环水Bottom valve 底阀volume 容积check valve止回阀process water 工艺用水Safety valve 安全阀density 密度work shop 车间purifed water 纯化水Bypass旁通pipe 管子dispaly 数显表steam 蒸汽Sight glass 视镜tee 三通switch开关condensate 冷凝水Quick connection 快接elbows 弯头electric bridger桥架compress air 压缩空气Termometer温度计reduction 大小头bolt 螺栓nitrogen 氮气Manometer压力表flange 法兰ware house 仓库drainage 排水系统On/off valve开关阀blind flange 盲板Inverter变频器sewage 污水管Level indicator液位计stainless steel 不锈钢Welding焊接fan 排风扇Impeller 搅拌器glass lined 搪玻璃electric cable 电缆线vent 放空Motor电机carbon steel碳钢box 配电柜blow down安全阀排气Food oil wood木头常用玻璃仪器英文表示adapter 接液管广口瓶air condenser 空气冷凝管beaker 烧杯 boiling flask 烧瓶boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶 burette clamp 滴定管夹burette stand 滴定架台 Busher funnel 布氏漏斗Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管crucible tongs 坩埚钳crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚distilling head 蒸馏头distilling tube 蒸馏管Erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶florence flask 平底烧瓶fractionating column 分馏柱Geiser burette (stopcock) 酸氏滴定管graduated cylinder 量筒Hirsch funnel 赫氏漏斗long-stem funnel 长颈漏斗medicine dropper 滴管Mohr burette for use with pinchcock碱氏滴定管Mohr measuring pipette 量液管mortar 研钵pestle 研杵pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹plastic squeeze bottle 塑料洗瓶reducing bush 大变小转换接头rubber pipette bulb 吸耳球screw clamp 螺旋夹separatory funnel 分液漏斗stemless funnel 无颈漏斗test tube holder 试管夹test tube 试管Thiele melting point tube 提勒熔点管transfer pipette 移液管tripod 三角架volumetric flask 容量瓶watch glass 表皿wide-mouth bottle 广口瓶【分享】有机物英语单词后缀表有机物英语单词后缀表-acetal 缩醇acid 酸-al 醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛-aldechydic acid 醛酸-amarime（或-marine）苦苷-amic acid 酰胺酸-amide 酰胺-amide acid （=amic acid）酰胺酸-amidine 脒-amidoxime 脒肟-amidrazone 脒腙-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride -ic anhydrideanil 缩苯胺-anilic acid 酰苯胺酸-anilide 酰苯胺-aniside 酰茴香醛-arsine 胂-arsinic acid [美国名指]次胂酸-arsinous acid [美国名和英国名均指]卑胂酸-arsinoxide 胂氧-arsonic acid [美国名和英国名均指]胂酸-arsonous acid [美国名指]亚胂酸-ase 酶-azide 叠氮-azine 连氮-betaine 内胺盐-biarsine 联胂bi...oyl di..oyl-bistibine 联锑bi...yl 联...-borane 硼烷-borinic acid 二取代硼酸-boronic acid 硼酸-bromohydrin 溴醇-cacodyl 卡可基-cain(e) 卡因-carbamic acid 氨甲酸-carbazinic acid 肼甲酸-carbinol 甲醇-carbodithioic acid 二硫代羧酸carbohydrazide N-酰基卡巴肼-carbohydraoxamamide 甲肟胺-carbohydroxamic acid 羧肟胺-carbonamidine 甲脒-carbonitrile 甲腈-barbonyl 羰基-carbothioic acid 羧硫代酸-carbothiolic acid 甲硫羟酸-carbothionic acid 甲硫羰酸-carboxaldehyde 甲醛-carboxamide 甲酰胺-carboxamidine 甲脒-carboxamidoxime 甲胺肟-carboximidic acid 甲亚胺酸-carboxylic acid 羧酸-carbylamine 胩-cene 并...苯-chloroarine 氯胂-chlorohydrin 氯醇-chrysine 柯因-cyanamide 氨腈-cyanhydrin 氰醇-cyanoarsin 氰胂-diarsine 联胂-diazonium 重氮-dicarboximide 二甲酰亚胺-dichloroarsine 二氯胂-diimide 联亚胺-din(e) 定；啶di...(o)yl 联…酰-disulfide 二硫-dithiocarbamic acid 氨基二硫代羧酸-di...ylene 联二…亚基-drin(e) 君[俗名词尾]-e- 裂[嵌在末一音节之前，指分裂后之产物]-ene 烯-ester 酯-etane 丁环-ete 丁-etene 丁亭[4元无氮一烯环，中文中与-etine不分] -ether 醚-etidine 丁啶-etine 丁亭[4元含氮饱和环] -florine 花精-follin 叶素-folin 叶素-form 仿gen 精-genin 配基-germanonic acid 基锗酸-gin 精-glycol 二醇-hemiacetal 缩一醇-hydrazidc 酰肼-hydrazidine 肼定-hydrazine 肼-hydrazone 腙-hydrin 醇hydrogen ester 氢酯hydrosulfamine 巯胺-hydroxamamide 肟胺-hydroxamic acid 羟肟酸-hydroxylamine 胲-ic anhydride 酸酐-ic semialdehyde 醛酸-ide 酰胺-il 偶酰-imide 酰亚胺-imidic acid 亚胺酸-imine 亚胺-in 精-inium -onium-iodohydrin 碘醇-irane 丙烷-irene 丙烯-iridine 丙啶-irine 丙因-isothiourca 异硫脲-isource 异脲-ite 糖醇-itol 糖醇-ium -onium-ketal 酮缩醇-ketene 乙烯酮-ketazine 酮连氮-ketimide 酮亚胺-ketol 乙酮醇-ketone 酮-ketoxime 甲酮肟-lactam 内酰胺-lactim 内酰亚胺-lactone 内酯-lin 灵-lin(e) 灵-lysin溶素-mercaptal 醛缩硫醇-mercaptan 硫醇-mereaptole 酮缩硫醇-methine 甲碱-methylene 亚甲基-min 明-morpholide N-酰基吗啉-naphthalide N-酰基萘胺-naphthone 酰萘-nin(e) 宁-nitramine 硝胺-nitrile 腈-nitrolic acid 硝肟酸-nitrosamine 亚硝胺-nitrosate 硝酯肟酸-nitrosolic acid 亚硝肟酸-nitrosite 亚硝酯肟酸-oic acid 酸-oin 偶姻-ol 醇-ole 脑，醚-olic acid 醇酸；脑酸；油酸；炔酸-olid(e) 交酯-olidine 烷[5元含氮饱和杂环]-oline 啉[5元一烯杂环]-onane 壬环[9元饱和杂环]-one 酮-ionic acid 酮酸-ionic acid 糖酸-onium 钅翁-o... one ...酰...酮-or 脑-orthosiliconic acid 原硅酸-osan 聚糖-osazone 脎-ose 糖-oside 糖苷-oxide 氧化物-oxime 肟-oyl 酰-oyl halide 酰卤-ozonide 臭氧-peroxide 过氧-phene 芬-phine 粉；芬-phenetidide 酰基苯乙定-phenone 酰苯-phosphine 膦-phosphinic acid 次磷酸-phosphinous acid 卑磷酸-phosphonic acid 磷酸-phosphonous acid 亚磷酸-phyllin(e) 非灵；植素-picrin 苦碱-pin(e) 品-pinacol 频哪醇-pinacolin(e) 频哪酮-pinacolone 频哪酮-pinacone -pinacol-piperidine N-酰基哌啶-plumbonic acid 铅酸-quine 奎-rin 扔，苷-rufin 绛酚saccharic acid 糖质酸saccharinic acid 糖精酸-sapegenin 皂萆配基-saponine 皂萆苷-selenenic acid 次硒酸-seleninic acid 亚硒酸-selenol 硒醇-selenonic acid 硒酸-semiacetal 醛缩一醇semialdehyde -ic semialdehyde-semicarbazone 缩氨脲-semicarbazide 氨脲-semioxamazone 缩半萆肼-siliconic acid 硅酸-sin 僧；素-st- 甾-stannonic acid 锡酸-stibine 月弟-stibinic acid 次锑酸-stibinous acid 卑锑酸stibonic acid 锑酸-stibonium 锑-stibonous acid 亚锑酸sulfenamide 次磺酰胺-sulfenic acid 次磺酸-sulfide 硫-sulfilimine 硫亚胺-sulfinamide 亚磺酰胺-sulfinic acid 亚磺酸-sulfonamide 磺酰胺-sulfone 砜-sulfonic acid 磺酸-sulfoxide 亚砜-sultam 磺内酰胺-sultone 磺内酯-tanin 单宁-tannin 单宁-tellurinic acid 亚碲酸-telluronic acid 碲酸-thetin(e) 噻亭-thin 质thioacetal 醛缩硫醇-thiocarbazone硫卡巴腙-thiohydroxylamine 硫胲-thioic acid 硫代酸-thioketene 乙烯硫酮-thiol 硫醇-thiolactone 硫代内酯-thiosemicarbazone 缩胺基硫脲-thiolic acid 硫羟酸-thione 硫酮-thionic acid 硫羰酸-thionothiolic acid 二硫代羧酸-thiourea 硫脲-tin 亭-toluide N-酰基甲苯胺-toxin(e) 毒-trin 醇-trisulfide 三硫-tropin 托品-ulose 酮糖-area 脲-urethan(e) 尿烷-urethylan(e) 尿基烷-uric acid 尿酸-uronic acid 糖醛酸，糖酮酸-xanthin 黄质-xanthogenic acid 黄元酸-xylide N-酰二甲苯胺-yl 基-ylene 亚基-yl halide 卤代物-ylidene 亚基-ylidyne 次基-ylium 钅翁-yne 炔organic compounds 有机化合物compounds of carbon 碳化合物hydrocarbons and their derivatives 碳氢化合物及其衍生物organic chemistry 有机化学structure of molecule 分子结构chemical bond 化学键covalent bond 共价键hybrid orbital 杂化轨道bond length 键长bond angle 键角bond energy键能polarity 极性dissociation energy 离解能constitution构造contiguration构型conformation构象stereochemistry立体化学tetrahedral正四面体cis-顺trans-反isomerism同分异构现象isomer异构体stereoisomer立体异构constitutional isomer构造异构structural formula 结构式octet八隅体perspective 透视式eclipsed conformation重叠式构象staggered conformation交叉式构象newman projection纽曼投影式functional group 官能团chain compoud 链状化合物carbocyclic compound碳环化合物heterocyclic compound杂环化合物dipole-dipole interactions 偶极-偶极相互作用van der Waals forces 范德华力hydrogen bonding 氢键dipole moment偶极矩electronegativity 电负性physical property物理性质melting point熔点boiling point 沸点reaction mechanism反应机理homolysis均裂free redical自由基heterolysis异裂ionic type离子型electrophilic reagent亲电试剂electrophilic reaction亲电反应nucleophilic reagent亲核试剂nucleophilic reaction 亲核反应Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅 Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫 Beryllium(Be) 铍 Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎 Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝 Einsteinium(Es) 锿 Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆 Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗 Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧 Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔 Mercury(Hg) 汞 Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料 superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾 potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素 nitrogen group element碘化钾 potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸 starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮 nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅 silicon dioxide二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide二氧化锰 manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应 exothermic reaction非极性分子 non-polar molecule非极性键 non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏 fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团 functional group光化学烟雾 photochemical fog过氧化氢 hydrogen peroxide合成材料 synthetic material合成纤维 synthetic fiber合成橡胶 synthetic rubber核电荷数 nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源 chemical power source化学反应速率 chemical reaction rate 化学键 chemical bond化学平衡 chemical equilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应 sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull Cell极性分子 polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应 addition reaction加聚反应 addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式 structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应 reversible reaction空气污染指数 air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应 ionic reaction离子方程式 ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物 amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物 amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾 potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠 sodium sulphide氯化铵 ammonium chloride氯化钡 barium chloride氯化钾 potassium chloride氯化铝 aluminium chloride氯化镁 magnesium chloride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化铁 iron (III) chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红 magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池 lead storage battery强电解质 strong electrolyte氢氟酸 hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝 aluminium hydroxide取代反应 substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质 weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应 hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解 plastic degradation塑料的老化 plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定 acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠 sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate糖类 carbohydrate烃 hydrocarbon烃的衍生物 derivative of hydrocarbon烃基 hydrocarbonyl同分异构体 isomer同素异形体 allotrope同位素 isotope同系物 homo1og涂料 coating烷烃 alkane物质的量 amount of substance物质的量浓度 amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃 alkene洗涤剂 detergent纤维素 cellulose相对分子质量 relative molecular mass相对原子质量 relative atomic mass消去反应 elimination reaction硝化反应 nitratlon reaction硝酸钡 barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride 溴化钠 sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水 bromine water盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应 flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝 aluminium oxide氧化铁 iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛 ethana1乙炔 ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate乙烯 ethene银镜反应 silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂 oils and fats有机化合物 organic compound元素周期表 periodic table of elements元素周期律 periodic law of elements原电池 primary battery原子序数 atomic number皂化反应 saponification粘合剂 adhesive蔗糖 sucrose指示剂 Indicator酯 ester酯化反应 esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂 matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸 hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸 hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
我最喜欢的化学英语作文Chemistry is a fascinating subject that explores the composition, structure, properties, and behavior of matter. It is a fundamental science that plays a crucial role in understanding the world around us and in developing new technologies and materials. In this essay, I will discussmy favorite topic in chemistry and explain why I find it so intriguing.One of my favorite topics in chemistry is organic chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis ofcarbon-containing compounds. These compounds are essentialto life and are found in all living organisms. Organic chemistry is a vast and diverse field that encompasses a wide range of topics, including the structure and functionof organic molecules, the mechanisms of organic reactions, and the synthesis of organic compounds.I find organic chemistry fascinating because it providesa deep insight into the molecular world of living organisms. By understanding the structure and function of organic molecules, we can gain a better understanding of thecomplex processes that occur in living systems. Organic chemistry also plays a crucial role in the development of new drugs, materials, and technologies that have a significant impact on our daily lives.Organic chemistry is also important in addressing global challenges such as environmental pollution and sustainable energy. By studying organic compounds, we can develop new materials and processes that are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. For example, the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic light-emitting diodes has the potential to revolutionize the way we produce and use energy.In conclusion, organic chemistry is my favorite topic in chemistry because it offers a deep understanding of the molecular world of living organisms and has a significant impact on our daily lives. It is a diverse and fascinating field that plays a crucial role in addressing global challenges and developing new technologies and materials.有机化学是我在化学中最喜欢的话题之一。
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a)无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n。
科技英语单词P16Surface water 地表水Total solid 总固体Groundwater 地下水Scale-forming 结垢Finished waters 处理后的水Per-capita usage 人均用量Color 色度Turbidity 浊度Taste 味道Odor 臭味Nitrate 硝态氮Harmful metal ions 有害金属离子Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Pesticide 农药Chlorinated solvent 氯代溶剂U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 美国环保局Hardness 硬度P17disposal 处置Drainage or sewer system 排水或污水系统Purification or treatment facilities 净化或处理设施effectiveness of treatment processes 处理工艺的有效性Biochemical 生化的Physicochemical 物理化学的Organic and nitrogen loading 有机和氮负荷Ammonia 氨气Dissolved oxygen 溶解氧Pollutional load 污染负荷Stream purification capacity 河流净化容量Effluent quality or effluent standard 出水质量或出水标准Nitrogen fertilizer 氮肥Organic chemicals 有机化学物质Municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTP) 市政污水处理厂P18Inorganic chemistry 无机化学Colloidal chemistry 胶体化学Radiochemistry 放射化学Contamination 污染Cleanup 清理Analytical chemistry 分析化学Sampling 采样Separation 分离Quantification 量化Leachate 渗滤液Aquifer 水体P19Urban population 城市人口Population density 人口密度combustion 燃烧Incinerator 焚烧炉Particulate matter 颗粒物质Visible 可见的Atmospheric inversion 大气逆温Respiratory tract 呼吸道Photochemical 光化学的Unsaturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃Automobile exhaust gases 汽车尾气Ozone 臭氧Formaldehyde 甲醛Radioactive materials 放射性物质Nuclear power plant 核电厂Solar energy 太阳能Biomass 生物质Ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Methane甲烷Chlorofluorocarbons 氟利昂Greenhouse gases 温室气体P23organic chemistry 有机化学synthesis 合成liquid 水体中by-product 副产物impurities 杂质organic load 有机负荷formaldehyde 甲醛methanol 甲醇vital-force theory 生命力理论ammonium cyanate 氰化胺urea 尿素P24Elements (元素)hydrocarbon 烷烃nitrogen 氮phosphorous 磷sulfur 硫halogen 卤素P25Properties (性质)combustible 可燃的melting point 熔点boiling point 沸点soluble 可溶的formula 分子式isomerism 同分异构molecular 分子的ionic 离子的molecular weight 分子量Bacteria 细菌Sources (来源)fibers 纤维cellulose 纤维素starch 淀粉alkaloids 生物碱fermentation 发酵acetone 丙酮glycerol 甘油antibiotics 抗生素acid 酸microorganism 微生物P27Isomerism (同分异构现象)isomer 同分异构体hydroxy acid 羟基酸structural formula 结构分子式aliphatic 脂肪族aromatic 芳香族heterocyclic 杂环的Hydrocarbon (烃)Saturated hydrocarbons 饱和烃Unsaturated hydrocarbons 不饱和烃Paraffin series 链烷烃系列petroleum 石油gasoline 汽油Diesel fuel 柴油Methane 甲烷Marsh gas 沼气Natural gas 天然气Gas engines 燃气发动机Firedamp 瓦斯Greenhouse gas 温室气体Stratosphere 同温（平流）层P28methane 甲烷ethane 乙烷propane 丙烷butane 丁烷normal 正N-butane 正丁烷Prefix iso- 前缀isobutane 异丁烷Straight chain 直链Branched-chain 支链Room temperature 室温Homologous series 同族系列General formula 通用分子式P30nomenclature 系统命名法IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry)国际纯粹化学和应用化学联合会strong base 强碱strong acid 强酸oxidizing agent 氧化剂concentrated sulfuric acid 浓缩的硫酸Oxidation 氧化substitution 取代pyrolysis 高温裂解cracking 裂化high-molecular-weight 高分子量petroleum industry 石油工业chemical synthesis 化学合成terminal carbon atoms 末端碳原子omega oxidation 末端氧化intermediate steps 中间步骤P32Unsaturated hydrocarbons ethylene series 烯类double bond 双键alkenes 链烯ethylene 乙烯propylene 丙烯butylene 丁烯pyrolysis of petroleum 石油高温裂解diolefins 二烯烃polyenes 多烯acetylene series 炔类triple bond 三键P34synthetic rubber 合成橡胶oxidation 氧化反应aqueous solution 水溶液potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾reduction 还原反应glycol 乙二醇catalysis 催化剂addition 加成反应halogen acid 卤酸hypochlorous acid 高氯酸polymerization 聚合反应polymer 聚合物resin 树脂fiber 纤维rubber 橡胶detergent 洗涤剂bacterial oxidation 细菌氧化P35Alcohols (醇类)alcohol 醇类aerobic condition 好氧条件degradation 降解hydroxy alkyl 氢氧烷基ionize 离子化neutral 中性的classification 分类primary alcohol 伯醇secondary alcohol 仲醇tertiary alcohol 叔醇P36 isopropyl alcohol 异丙醇methyl alcohol 甲醇ethyl alcohol 乙醇n-butyl alcohol 正丁醇carbon monoxide 一氧化碳enzyme 酶glucose 葡萄糖industrial alcohol 工业酒精distillation 蒸馏hydration 水合反应cornstarch 玉米淀粉waxy solid 蜡状固体hexadecanol 十六醇alkyl group 烷基团hydroxyl group 羟基团2-methyl-1-propanol 2-甲基-1-丙醇polyhydroxy alcohol 多羟基醇p ethylene glycol 乙烯二醇aldehydes 醛ketones 酮carbonyl group 羰基P41Ozonide 臭氧化物steam power plant 蒸汽发电机internal combustion engines 内燃机embalming 防腐biological specimens 生物标本dilution 稀释toxicity thresholds 毒性阈值nontoxic 无毒的activated sludge 活性污泥P42-P44acetaldehyde 乙醛condensation 缩合aldehyde resin paint 醛类树脂颜料dimethyl ketone 双甲基酮methyl ethyl ketone 甲乙酮2-butanol 2-丁醇solvent 溶剂monocarboxylic acid 单羧基酸polycarboxylic acid 多羧基酸hydroxyl group 羟基P48Ester 酯hydrolysis 水解reversible reaction 逆反应general formula 通用分子式butyl acetate 乙酸丁酯perfumes 香水flavoring extracts 调味料odor 气味immiscible 难溶的separation 分离purification 纯化antibiotics 抗生素hydrolyze 水解P49ether 醚strong dehydrating agents 强脱水剂fragments 断裂flammable 可燃的diethyl ether 乙醚anesthetic 麻醉剂flotation 上浮decantation 沉淀alkyl halide 卤化烃halogenated aliphatic compounds 卤代脂肪化合物industrial wastewater 工业废水municipal wastewater 市政污水maximum contaminant levels（MCLS）最大污染水平volatile 挥发性pollutants 污染物P50vinyl chloride 氯乙烯phosphorous 磷bromide 溴化物potassium cyanide 氰化钾nitrile 腈carbon chain 碳链methyl chloride 一氯甲烷ethyl chloride 一氯乙烷refrigerant 制冷剂P51lead 铅polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯contaminated groundwater 受污染的地下水sanitary 卫生的carcinogen 致癌的air pollutant 空气污染ethylene dibromide（EDB） 1，2-二溴乙烷pesticide 杀虫剂ingredient 成分dichloromethane 二氯甲烷chlorination 氯化反应P52chloroform 氯仿nonflammable 不可燃的microgram 微克disinfection 消毒natural water 天然水phosgene（COCl2）光气halogenated ethanes 卤乙烷industrial solvent 工业溶剂halogenated ethenes 卤乙烯degreaser 除油器P53-P56dibromochloropropane （DBCP）chloroflurocarbon 氟氯烃Trade name 商品名Freon 氟利昂fluorine 氟ultraviolet radiation 紫外光辐射greenhouse gas 温室气体ozone destruction 臭氧层破坏greenhouse effect 温室效应P57-P61Aromatic compoundscyclic group 环基aromatic compound 芳香族化合物aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物benzene ring 苯环parent compound 母体化合物kekule formula 凯库勒分子式polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）多环芳烃P62combustion product 燃烧产物chimney sweeps 烟道清扫creosote 防腐油chlorinated aromatic compound 含氯芳香烃化合物polychlorinated biphenyls 多氯联苯chlorinated benzene 氯苯P63hydrophobic 疏水性dichlorobenzene 二氯苯congener 同类vapor pressure 蒸气压capacitor 电容器plasticizer 增塑性biodegrade 生物降解anaerobic microorganisms 厌氧微生物P64phenols 酚monohydric phenol 一羟基酚carbolic acid 碳酸ionize 电离germicide 杀菌剂hemicellulose 半纤维Heterocyclic compounds 杂环化合物Dye 染料P71Sugar 糖Carbohydrate 碳水化合物monosaccharide 单糖Disaccharide 双糖polysaccharide 多糖hexose 乙糖glucose 葡萄糖xylose 木糖Galactose 半乳糖Lactic acid 乳酸P75Condensation product 浓缩产品Starch 淀粉Cellulose 纤维Hemicellulose 半纤维amylase 直链淀粉amylopectin 支链淀粉iodine 碘indicator 指示剂mammals 哺乳动物structural fiber 结构纤维sulfite 亚硫酸盐sulfate 硫酸盐pulping 纸浆subunit 亚单位digestive tract 消化系统ruminant 反刍动物P77-P84suspension 悬浮液preliminary treatment 预处理sedimentation 沉积作用anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化filtration 过滤centrifugation 离心incineration 焚烧pentose 戊糖lignin 木质素resin 树脂pitch 柏油脂pulping process 造纸工艺derivation 衍生物yeast 酵母菌P85-P86protein 蛋白质insulin 胰岛素amino 氨基ribonuclease 核糖核酸hemoglobin 血红蛋白nitrogen 氮oxygen 氧iron 铁hydrolytic enzyme 水解酶P87-P96detergent 洗涤剂ingredient 成分surface-active agent 表面活性剂surfactant 表面活性物质polar 极性sodium 钠potassium 钾rodent 利齿动物insect 昆虫categorize 分类herbicide 除草剂algicide 除藻剂fungicide 除菌剂chemical properties 化学特性toxic properties 毒性trace organics 微量有机物concentration 浓度impurity 杂质epidemiological 流行病学statistical study 统计学P97organ 器官kidney 肾liver 肝extraction 萃取gas chromatography（GC）气相色谱liquid chromatography（LC）液相色谱hexane 正乙烷immune 免疫的exudate 渗出物decomposition 分解polymeric 聚合phenolic 苯酚的humic substance 腐殖质excneta 排泄物aquatic plant 水生植物potential hazard 潜在危险P100Solubility 溶解性Hydrophobicity 疏水性Polarity 极性Volatility 挥发性Density 密度Sorption 吸附Transformation 转换Partitioning 分配Photochemical 光化学的P125Standard method 标准方法Parts per million (ppm) Parts per billion (ppb)Parts per trillion (ppt) International system of units (SI) Milligrams per liter (mg/L) Micrograms per liter (μg/L) nanograms per liter (ng/L)P133general operation 一般操作keystone 关键field investigation 野外调查specialized course 专业课程P134sample 采样instantaneously 瞬间的frequency of sample 采样频率grab sample 随机采样Composited sample 组合样品at regular intervals 一定间隔detention time 停留时间P135influent 进水effluent 出水apparatus 装置reagent 化学试剂solubility 溶解度coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数specification 规格precipitation 沉淀purity 纯度ignition 灼烧purification 纯化P136weight analysis 重量分析membrane 膜bound water 结合水filter paper 滤纸glass fiber filter 玻璃纤维滤纸porosity 孔隙barium sulfate 硫酸钡ferric hydroxide 氢氧化铁vessel 容器drainage 排水drying 烘干free water 自由水crystallization 结晶P137volatilization 挥发decomposition 分解desiccation 干燥evaporation dish 蒸发皿crucible 坩埚moisture 湿度relative humidity 相对湿度desiccator 干燥器anhydrous calcium chloride 无水氯化钙analytical balance 分析天平P139fixed solid 固定固体volatile solid 挥发固体time consuming 消耗时间的constant weight 恒重gross weight 毛重net weight 净重porcelain 陶瓷platinum ware 铂制器皿pretreatment 预处理P140semisolid sample 半固体样品volumetric analysis 容积分析standard solution 标准溶液glassware 玻璃器皿suitable strength 适当强度stoichiometric end point 化学当量终点calibrate 校正buret 滴定管cylinder 量筒calibrated glassware 标正玻璃器皿Indicator 指示剂P141-P157pipet 移液管chromic acid 铬酸normal solution 当量溶液primary standard 一级标准secondary standard 二级标准acid titration 酸滴定base titration 碱滴定oxidation reduction methods 氧化还原方法calculation 计算colorimetry 比色法spectrophotometer 分光光度计monochromatic light 单色光wavelength 波长linear coordinate paper 直角坐标纸nitrite 亚硝酸根calibration 校正turbidimetry 浊度剂法nephelometry 悬浮法precision 精度Accuracy 精确度P160Regulatory 法规acid rain 酸雨ozone layer 臭氧层World Health Organization 世界卫生组织Pollution awareness 污染意识spill 泄漏emission 散发sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫genetic code 基因代码reaction sequence 反应顺序analogous 相似的P171-P172global climate 全球气候visibility 可见度release 释放methyl isocyanate 甲基异氰酸盐leakage 渗漏hydrogen sulfide 硫化氢industrial accident 工业事故dosage 用量chronic effect 慢性作用acute effect 急性作用episodes 事件dose-response curve 用量-响应曲线P173synergism 协同作用hypothetical 假定的homogeneous 同种的pharmacology 药理学origin 起点hygiene 卫生学，保健法threshold limit values（TLVs）起点界限值P174-P177elimination 消除selenium 硒nutrient 营养物contracting 缩小epidemiological 传染学的aerosol 气溶胶ozone group 臭氧组control group 控制组mortality 致命inanimate object 无生命物质ozone concentration 臭氧浓度Infection 感染P178-P184autopsy 尸体解剖inbred 同系繁殖的human volunteer 人类志愿者asthmatics 气喘病患者parameter 参数community health 大众健康unambiguous 明显的proxy 代表meteorological situation 气象条件circulatory 循环mortality 致死morbidity 致病demographic 人口统计P184-P193regulation 法规curve 曲线radon 氡mitigate 缓解acidic deposition 酸沉积transparent 透明的light photon 光电子plume opacity 烟气上升haze 薄雾extrapolation 归纳。
专业英语 Professional English现代分析化学 Modern analytical chemistry 生物分析技术 Bioanalytical techniques高分子进展 Advances in polymers功能高分子进展 Advances in functional polym ers有机硅高分子研究进展 Progresses in organosi licon polymers高分子科学实验方法 Scientific experimental methods of polymers高分子设计与合成 The design and synthesis o f polymers反应性高分子专论 Instructions to reactive p olymers网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering information有序分子组合体概论 Introduction to Organize d Molecular Assembilies两亲分子聚集体化学 Chemistry of amphiphilic aggregates表面活性剂体系研究新方法 New Method for stu dying Surfactant System微纳米材料化学 Chemistry of Micro-NanoMater ials分散体系研究新方法 New Method for studying dispersion 分散体系相行为 The Phase Behavior of Aqueou s Dispersions溶液-凝胶材料 Sol-Gel Materials高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry 分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y群论 Group Theory分子模拟理论及软件应用 Theory and Software of Molecular Modelling & Application价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium现代无机化学 Today's Inorganic Chemistry 无机化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Forwar d Field in Inorganic Chemistry量子化学 Quantum Chemistry分子材料 Molecular Material固体酸碱理论 Solid Acid-Base Theory萃取过程物理化学 Physical Chemistry in Extr action表面电化学 Surface Electrochemistry电化学进展 Advances on Electrochemistry 现代电化学实验技术 Modern Experimental Tech niques of Electrochemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications叶立德化学:理论和应用 Ylides Chemistry: The ory and Application立体化学与手性合成 Stereochemistry and Chir al Synthesis杂环化学 Heterocyclic Chemistry有机硅化学 Organosilicon Chemistry药物设计及合成 Pharmaceutical Design and Sy nthesis超分子化学 Supramolecular Chemistry分子设计与组合化学 Molecular Design and Com binatorial Chemistry纳米材料化学前沿领域导论 Introduction to Na no-materials Chemistry纳米材料控制合成与自组装 Controlled-synthes is and Self-assembly of Nano-materials前沿讲座 Leading Front Forum专业英语 Professional English超分子化学基础 Basics of Supramolecular Che mistry液晶材料基础 Basics of Liquid Crystal Mater ials现代实验技术 Modern analytical testing tech niques色谱及联用技术 Chromatography and Technolog y of tandem发光分析及其研究法 Luminescence analysis an d Research methods胶束酶学 Micellar Enzymology分析化学中的配位化合物 Complex in Analytica l Chemistry电分析化学 Electroanalytical chemistry生物分析化学 Bioanalytical chemistry分析化学 Analytical chemistry仪器分析 Instrument analysis高分子合成化学 Polymers synthetic chemistry高聚物结构与性能 Structures and properties of polymers有机硅化学 Organosilicon chemistry功能高分子 Functional polymers有机硅高分子 Organosilicon polymers高分子现代实验技术 Advanced experimental te chnology of polymers高分子合成新方法 New synthetic methods of p olymers液晶与液晶高分子 Liquid crystals and liquid crystal polymers大分子反应 Macromolecules reaction水溶性高分子 Water-soluble polymers聚合物加工基础 The basic process of polymer s聚合物复合材料 Composite materials高等化工与热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineer ing and Thermodynamics高等反应工程学 Advanced Reaction Engineerin g高等有机化学 Advanced Organic Chemistry 高等有机合成 Advanced Organic synthesis 有机化学中光谱分析 Spectrum Analysis in Org anic Chemistry催化作用原理 Principle of Catalysis染料化学 Dye Chemistry中间体化学与工艺学 Intermediate Chemistry a nd Technology化学动力学 Chemical Kinetics表面活性剂合成与工艺 Synthesis and Technolo gy of Surfactants环境化学 Environmental Chemistry化工企业清洁生产 Chemical Enterprise Clean Production化工污染及防治 Chemical Pollution and Contr ol动量热量质量传递 Momentum, Heat and Mass Tr ansmission化工分离工程专题 Separation Engineering耐蚀材料 Corrosion Resisting Material网络化学与化工信息检索 Internet Searching f or Chemistry & Chemical Engineering informa tion新型功能材料的模板组装 Templated Assembly o f Novel Advanced Materials胶体与界面 Colloid and Interface纳米材料的胶体化学制备方法 Colloid Chemical Methods for Preparing Nano-materials脂质体化学 Chemistry of liposome表面活性剂物理化学 Physico-chemistry of sur factants高分子溶液与微乳液 Polymer Solutions and Mi croemulsions两亲分子的溶液化学 Chemistry of Amphiphilic Molecules in solution介孔材料化学 Mesoporous Chemistry超细颗粒化学 Chemistry of ultrafine powder分散体系流变学 The Rheolgy of Aqueous Dispe rsions量子化学 Quantum Chemistry统计热力学 Statistic Thermodynamics群论 Group Theory分子模拟 Molecular Modelling高等量子化学 Advanced Quantum Chemistry价键理论方法 Valence Bond Theory量子化学软件及其应用 Software of Quantum Ch emistry & its Application计算量子化学 Computational Quantum Chemistr y分子模拟软件及其应用 Software of Molecular Modelling & its Application分子反应动力学 Molecular Reaction Dynamic 分子光谱学 Molecular Spectrum算法语言 Computational Languange高分子化学 Polymer Chemistry高分子物理 Polymer Physics腐蚀电化学 Corrosion Electrochemistry物理化学 Physical Chemistry结构化学 structural Chemistry现代分析与测试技术(试验为主） Modern Analysi s and Testing Technology（experimetally)高等无机化学 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry 近代无机物研究方法 Modern Research Methods for Inorganic Compounds萃取化学研究方法 Research Methods for Extra ction Chemistry单晶培养 Crystal Culture固态化学 Chemistry of Solid Substance液-液体系专论 Discussion on Liquid-Liquid S ystem配位化学进展 Progress in Coordination Chemi stry卟啉酞箐化学 Chemistry of Porphyrine and Ph thalocyanine无机材料及物理性质 Inorganic Materials and Their Physical Properties物理无机化学 Physical Inorganic Chemistry 相平衡 Phase Equilibrium生物化学的应用 Application of Biologic Chem istry生物无机化学 Bio-Inorganic Chemistry绿色化学 Green Chemistry金属有机化合物在均相催化中的应用 Applied Ho mogeneous Catalysis with Organometallic Compounds功能性食品化学 Functionalized Food Chemistr y无机药物化学 Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemi stry电极过程动力学 Kinetics on Electrode Process电化学研究方法 Electrochemical Research Met hods生物物理化学 Biological Physical Chemistry 波谱与现代检测技术 Spectroscopy and Modern Testing Technology理论有机化学 theoretical Organic Chemistry 合成化学 Synthesis Chemistry有机合成新方法 New Methods for Organic Synt hesis生物有机化学 Bio-organic Chemistry药物化学 Pharmaceutical Chemistry金属有机化学 Organometallic Chemistry金属-碳多重键化合物及其应用 Compounds with Metal-Carbon multiple bonds and Their Applications分子构效与模拟 Molecular Structure-Activity and Simulation过程装置数值计算 Data Calculation of Proces s Devices石油化工典型设备 Common Equipment of Petroc hemical Industry化工流态化工程 Fluidization in Chemical Ind ustry化工装置模拟与优化 Analogue and Optimizatio n of Chemical Devices化工分离工程 Separation Engineering 化工系统与优化 Chemical System and Optimiza tion高等化工热力学 Advanced Chemical Engineerin g and Thermodynamics超临界流体技术及应用 Super Cratical Liguid Technegues and Applications膜分离技术 Membrane Separation Technegues溶剂萃取原理和应用 Theory and Application o f Solvent Extraction树脂吸附理论 Theory of Resin Adsorption 中药材化学 Chemistry of Chinese Medicine 生物资源有效成分分析与鉴定 Analysis and Det ection of Bio-materials相平衡理论与应用 Theory and Application o f Phase Equilibrium计算机在化学工程中的应用 Application of Com puter in Chemical Engineering微乳液和高分子溶液 Micro-emulsion and High Molecular Solution传递过程 Transmision Process反应工程分析 Reaction Engineering Analysis 腐蚀电化学原理与应用 Principle and Applicat ion of Corrosion Electrochemistry腐蚀电化学测试方法与应用 Measurement Method and Application of Corrosion Elect rochemistry耐蚀表面工程 Surface Techniques of Anti-cor rosion缓蚀剂技术 Inhabitor Techniques腐蚀失效分析 Analysis of Corrosion Destroy 材料表面研究方法 Method of Studying Materia l Surfacc分离与纯化技术 Separation and Purification Technology现代精细有机合成 Modern Fine Organic Synthe sis化学工艺与设备 Chemical Technology and Appa ratuas功能材料概论 Functional Materials Conspectu s油田化学 Oilfield Chemistry精细化学品研究 Study of Fine Chemicals催化剂合成与应用 Synthesis and Application of Catalyzer低维材料制备 Preparation of Low-Dimension M aterials手性药物化学 Symmetrical Pharmaceutical Che mistry光敏高分子材料化学 Photosensitive Polymer M aterials Chemistry纳米材料制备与表征 Preparation and Characte rization of Nanostructured materials溶胶凝胶化学 Sol-gel Chemistry 纳米材料化学进展 Proceeding of Nano-materia ls Chemistry●化学常用词汇汉英对照表1●氨 ammonia氨基酸 amino acid铵盐 ammonium salt饱和链烃 saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯 benzene变性 denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧 ozone醇 alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠 sodium acetate蛋白质 protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠 sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemicalcorrosion电解质 electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云 electron cloud淀粉 starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃 arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂 soap分馏fractional distillation酚 phenol复合材料 composite干电池 dry cell干馏 dry distillation甘油 glycerol高分子化合物 polymer共价键 covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素 nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate化学键 chemical bond化学平衡chemicalequilibrium还原剂 reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽 Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键 polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷 methane碱金属 alkali metal碱石灰 soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应 po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理 Le Chatelier's principle离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键 ionic bond锂电池 lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化 cracking裂解 pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III)chloride氯水 chlorine water麦芽糖 maltose煤 coal酶 enzyme摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖 glucose气体摩尔体积 molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛 aldehyde炔烃 alkyne燃料电池 fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油 Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料 plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration酸雨 acid rain羧酸 carboxylic acid碳酸钠 sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵 ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠 sodium bicarbonate糖类 carbohydrate烃 hydrocarbon烃的衍生物 derivative of hydrocarbon烃基 hydrocarbonyl同分异构体 isomer同素异形体 allotrope同位素 isotope同系物 homo1og涂料 coating烷烃 alkane物质的量 amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃 alkene洗涤剂 detergent纤维素 cellulose相对分子质量 relative molecular mass相对原子质量 relative atomic mass消去反应 elimination reaction硝化反应 nitratlon reaction硝酸钡 barium nitrate硝酸银 silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液 solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠 sodium bromide溴水 bromine water溴水 bromine water盐类的水解 hydrolysis of salts盐析 salting-out焰色反应 flame test氧化剂 oxidizing agent氧化铝 aluminium oxide氧化铁 iron (III) oxide乙醇 ethanol乙醛 ethana1乙炔 ethyne乙酸 ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate乙烯 ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸 stearic acid油脂 oils and fats有机化合物 organic compound元素周期表 periodic table of elements元素周期律 periodic law of elements原电池 primary battery原子序数 atomic number皂化反应 saponification粘合剂 adhesive蔗糖 sucrose指示剂 Indicator酯 ester酯化反应 esterification周期 period族 group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯 reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚pipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质量molecule 分子electrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应 exothermic reaction 放热反应 precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化 to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and BasesBronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. Voltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation 偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval置信区间192. significant test显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point 滴定终点198. titration error滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration 浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction 化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion 水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water水的离子积215. ionization电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level 零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange甲基橙220. acid-base indicator酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound配位化合物223. center ion中心离子224. cumulative stability constant累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient酸效应系数226. overall stability constant总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient副反应系数230. coordination atom配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis催化240. oxidation 氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction还原243. catalytic reaction催化反应244. reaction rate反应速率245. electrode potential电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry 碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD) 255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO) 256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell 吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e 326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应 t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
英语作文有机化学英文：Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of carbon-containing compounds. It is a fascinating and diverse field that has a profound impact on our daily lives.One of the most interesting aspects of organic chemistry is the concept of functional groups. Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within a molecule that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. For example, the hydroxyl group (-OH) is a functional group found in alcohols, which gives them their characteristic properties such as solubility in water and the ability to undergo oxidation reactions.Another important concept in organic chemistry is isomerism. Isomers are compounds that have the samemolecular formula but different structural formulas. This means that they have the same number and types of atoms, but the atoms are arranged differently. One common example of isomerism is the compounds butane and isobutane, which have the same molecular formula C4H10 but different structures and properties.Furthermore, organic chemistry plays a crucial role in the development of new materials and pharmaceuticals. For instance, the development of new drugs often involves the synthesis of complex organic molecules with specific biological activities. Without a deep understanding of organic chemistry, it would be impossible to design and create these life-saving medications.In addition, organic chemistry is also closely related to environmental issues. For example, the study of organic pollutants and their degradation in the environment requires a thorough understanding of organic chemistry. By studying the behavior of organic compounds in the environment, scientists can develop methods to clean up contaminated sites and protect the environment from furtherpollution.Overall, organic chemistry is a dynamic and constantly evolving field that has a profound impact on variousaspects of our lives. Whether it's in the development of new drugs, the understanding of environmental pollutants,or the creation of new materials, organic chemistry is at the forefront of scientific innovation.中文：有机化学是化学的一个分支，它研究含碳化合物的结构、性质、组成、反应和合成。
有机化学(organic chemistry)教学大纲（适用于化学专业）说明有机化学课程是高等学校化学类各专业教学计划中一门必修的基础课程，它是为培养满足化工行业对工程技术人才的需要而设置的。
通过对本课程的学习，可以使学生对本大纲范围内的有机化学内容有比较系统和比较全面的了解，掌握有机化学的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，了解本学科范围内重大的科学技术新成就，培养学生具有分析和解决有机化学一般问题的初步能力，为学习后续课程和培养造就高级化学化工技术人才打好一定基础。
本课程总学时为122学时，4学分。
学时具体分配如下：有机化学教学大纲一、课程教学目标有机化学课程是高等学校化学类各专业教学计划中一门必修的基础课程，它是为培养满足化工、制药、环保等行业对工程技术人才的需要而设置的。
通过对本课程的学习，可以使学生对本大纲范围内的有机化学内容有比较系统和比较全面的了解，掌握有机化学的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，了解本学科范围内重大的科学技术新成就，培养学生具有分析和解决有机化学一般问题的初步能力，为学习后续课程和培养造就高级化学化工技术人才打好一定基础。
二、教学内容及基本要求第一章绪论教学目的1．掌握有机化合物和有机化学的一般概念；2．理解有机结构基本理论到现代化学键理论的发展、有机化合物的特点；3．了解研究有机化合物的一般步骤，掌握有机化合物的分类和官能团。
教学内容1.有机化学的产生和发展2．有机化合物的特性3．有机化合物中的共价键4．共价键的断裂方式5．有机化合物构造式的表示方法6．有机化学中的酸碱概念7．有机化合物的分类8．研究有机化合物的一般程序和方法第二章烷烃教学目的1．掌握系统命名法；2．掌握甲烷的四面体构型，能够用杂化轨道理论说明烷烃的结构和σ键的特点；3．掌握烷烃的卤代反应及其历程；4．理解卤代反应的相对活性与烷基自由基的稳定性。
教学内容1．烷烃的通式、同系列和同分异构现象；2．烷烃的命名；烷烃的分子结构；烷烃的物理性质；3．烷烃的化学性质。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇Happy childhood is the best, June 12, 2023环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类;环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area 环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science 环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值本底值environmental background value环境保护产业环保产业environmental production industry环境壁垒绿色壁垒environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题社会环境问题the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources 自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二恶英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation 地表水surface water 水位water level 下渗入渗sinking 蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout含水层aquifer隔水层不透水层aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水有压层间水confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水喀斯特水karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失土壤侵蚀soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物底质或底泥benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal 海底采样sea floor sample赤潮红潮red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区水质功能区functional district of water environment 土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化土壤盐碱化soil salination 土壤酸化soil acidification母质土壤母质或成土母质parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage 灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化土壤贫瘠化soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitation intensity 大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity 事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust 温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽烟流或羽流plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing 猎渔期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom 原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test 预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect 城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH催化催化作用catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulatesTSP飘尘可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘airborne particle降尘落尘dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility 聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式氧垂曲线oxygen balance model吸收剂吸附剂absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent 无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant中和法neutralization反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane 硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺pollution-free technology 无污染装置pollution-free installation 污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index 毒理学污染指标physical pollution index 化学污染指标chemical pollution index 细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis 环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒可吸入尘和飘尘inhale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性重现性reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion 土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge 超临界流体supercritical fluid 土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射光visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏亏氧量oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失压力降pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning 静电除尘electrostatic precipitator ESP 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes 宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器两段式电除尘器two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器cyclone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization FGD 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD 干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption 分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水污水处理构筑物water sewagetreatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank 斜板斜管沉淀池sloping plankpipesettling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer 膜分离法membrane separation method 半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment 石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process 回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentationbasin曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index 污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method 加速曝气法accelerant aeration method 深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture 活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pond ICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tank intermittent aeration tank system需氧池－间歇池A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop process Bardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池AFanaerobic filter 厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process 厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor 氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process 污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste 声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation 病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissible concentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentrationLD50剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit valueTLV高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population 环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality 环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information 环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law 环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment 环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard“三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting中华人民共和国环境保护法Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国水污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution 中华人民共和国大气污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China全国生态环境建设规划national eco-environmental construction plan全国生态环境保护纲要national compendium on eco-environmental protection地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3Rreducing, reusing, recycling生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account 可持续发展sustainable development 公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national productionGNP国民生产净值net national productionNNP国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting 影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio 环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis 环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security代际公平equality between generation 末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient 累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle 资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate 人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
