Circuits and systems

英语作文-集成电路设计行业：从初学者到专家的必备技能Integrated Circuit Design Industry: Essential Skills from Beginner to Expert。

Introduction:The integrated circuit (IC) design industry plays a crucial role in the development of modern technology. From smartphones to self-driving cars, ICs are the backbone of electronic devices. To excel in this industry, individuals need to acquire a set of essential skills that will take them from being a beginner to an expert. This article aims to provide an overview of these skills and their importance in the IC design industry.1. Solid Foundation in Electronics:A strong understanding of electronics is the foundation of IC design. Beginners should start by learning basic concepts such as Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, and semiconductor physics. This knowledge will help them comprehend the behavior of electronic components and their interactions within an IC.2. Proficiency in Programming:Programming skills are becoming increasingly important in IC design. Beginners should focus on learning languages such as Verilog or VHDL, which are widely used in designing digital circuits. These languages allow designers to describe the behavior of their circuits and simulate their functionality before fabrication.3. Knowledge of IC Design Tools:Proficiency in using IC design tools is essential for both beginners and experts. Tools like Cadence or Synopsys provide a platform to design, simulate, and verify ICs. Beginners should familiarize themselves with these tools and learn how to navigate through their various features.4. Understanding of Digital and Analog Design:IC design encompasses both digital and analog circuits. Beginners should acquire a solid understanding of both domains. Digital design involves logic gates, flip-flops, and sequential circuits, while analog design deals with continuous signals and amplifiers. A comprehensive understanding of these concepts is crucial for successful IC design.5. Familiarity with Design Verification:Design verification is the process of ensuring that an IC design meets its specifications. Beginners should learn techniques such as functional simulation, timing analysis, and formal verification. These methods help identify and rectify design flaws, ensuring the reliability and functionality of the final product.6. Knowledge of Low Power Design:In today's world, power efficiency is a critical consideration in IC design. Beginners should be aware of low power design techniques such as clock gating, power gating, and voltage scaling. These techniques help reduce power consumption without compromising the performance of the IC.7. Awareness of Design for Testability:Design for Testability (DFT) is an essential aspect of IC design. It involves incorporating features that facilitate testing and fault diagnosis. Beginners should familiarize themselves with DFT techniques like scan chains, built-in self-test (BIST), and boundary scan. These techniques simplify the testing process, ensuring the quality and reliability of the manufactured IC.8. Continuous Learning and Adaptability:The field of IC design is ever-evolving, with new technologies and methodologies emerging regularly. To stay ahead, individuals must have a thirst for continuous learning and adaptability. Beginners should actively engage in professional development, attend conferences, and keep up with industry trends to enhance their skills and expertise.Conclusion:Becoming an expert in the IC design industry requires a combination of foundational knowledge, technical skills, and adaptability. By acquiring a solid understanding of electronics, programming, IC design tools, digital, and analog design, as well as verification and low power techniques, individuals can progress from being beginners to experts. Furthermore, a commitment to continuous learning and staying updated with industry advancements is crucial for long-term success in this dynamic field. With the right skills and dedication, one can thrive in the exciting world of integrated circuit design.。

集成电路集成电路数字逻辑和电子电路由称为晶体管的电子开关得到它们的（各种）功能。

粗略地说，晶体管好似一种电子控制阀，由此加在阀一端的能量可以使能量在另外两个连接端之间流动。

通过多个晶体管的组合就可以构成数字逻辑模块，如与门和触发电路等。

而晶体管是由半导体构成的。

查阅大学化学书中的元素周期表，你会查到半导体是介于金属与非金属之间的一类元素。

它们之所以被叫做半导体是由于它们表现出来的性质类似于金属和非金属。

可使半导体像金属那样导电，或者像非金属那样绝缘。

通过半导体和少量其它元素的混合可以精确地控制这些不同的电特性，这种混合技术称之为“半导体掺杂”。

半导体通过掺杂可以包含更多的电子（N型）或更少的电子（P型）。

常用的半导体是硅和锗，N型硅半导体掺入磷元素，而P型硅半导体掺入硼元素。

不同掺杂的半导体层形成的三明治状夹层结构可以构成一个晶体管，最常见的两类晶体管是双极型晶体管（BJT）和场效应晶体管（FET），图2.1给出了它们的图示。

图中给出了这些晶体管的硅结构，以及它们用于电路图中的符号。

BJT 是NPN晶体管，因为由N—P—N掺杂硅三层构成。

当小电流注入基极时，可使较大的电流从集电极流向发射极。

图示的FET是N沟道的场效应型晶体管，它由两块被P型基底分离的N型组成。

将电压加在绝缘的栅极上时，可使电流由漏极流向源极。

它被叫做N沟道是因为栅极电压诱导基底上的N通道，使电流能在两个N区域之间流动。

另一个基本的半导体结构是二极管，由N型和P型硅连接而成的结组成。

二极管的作用就像一个单向阀门，由于电流只能从P流向N。

可以构建一些特殊二极管，在加电压时可以发光，这些器件非常合适地被叫做发光二极管或LED。

这种小灯泡数以百万计地被制造出来，有各种各样的应用，从电话机到交通灯。

半导体材料上制作晶体管或二极管所形成的小芯片用塑料封装以防损伤和被外界污染。

在这封装里一些短线连接半导体夹层和从封装内伸出的插脚以便与（使用该晶体管的）电路其余部分连接。

Laplace多尺度图像增强去噪算法刘鹏飞，梅树立（中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院，北京100083）摘要：针对传统的单尺度图像增强算法的不足，提出了一种基于Laplace多尺度分解的图像增强算法。

该算法将图像分为由高频到低频若干个子图像，对每个频道的细节图像进行不同的非线性变换，使得图像中最细微的、对诊断有用的信息得到有效的增强，同时图像又不被过增强，再通过分解的逆过程重建图像。

试验表明，该方法能有效提高图像中细节的清晰度并抑制噪声。

关键词：Laplace多尺度分解；图像增强；反锐化掩模中图分类号：TP317.4文献标识码：B文章编码：1672－6251（2010）11－0142－03 Image Enhancement and Denoising Method Based on Multi-scale Laplacian DecompositionLIU Pengfei,MEI Shuli(College of Information and Electrical Engineering China Agricultural University,Beijing100083)Abstract:In view of the defects of traditional single scale image enhancement methods,a medical image enhancement method based on multi-scale laplacian decomposition was proposed.The original image was firstly decomposed into certain number of frequency channels from high frequency to low frequency.These detail images were enhanced by different nonlinear transformation to enhance the subtle and diagnosis-important information,and then the multi-scale representation was converted back into the reconstructed image.The experimental results showed that the proposed method could effectively improve image clarity.Key words:Laplacian decomposition;image enhancement;unsharp masking1引言图像处理中，常常有一些比较细微的细节信息是需要关注的，如在直接成像的医学X射线图像分析中，由于整幅图像的动态范围较大，这些信息在显示的时候看得不是很明显，所以对此类图像进行细节增强是十分必要的。

Mechatronics and Control Systems Mechatronics and control systems represent a fascinating and rapidly evolving field that seamlessly blends the principles of mechanical engineering, electronics, and computer science. This multidisciplinary approach has led to the developmentof intelligent systems capable of sensing, processing information, and responding to their environment in a precise and automated manner. The impact of mechatronics and control systems is far-reaching, revolutionizing industries ranging from manufacturing and robotics to aerospace and healthcare. At the heart of mechatronics lies the concept of integration. By fusing mechanical components with electronic sensors, actuators, and embedded software, engineers can create systems that exhibit enhanced functionality, adaptability, and efficiency. For instance, a modern automobile is a prime example of mechatronics in action. It incorporates a multitude of sensors that monitor engine performance, tire pressure, and driver inputs, feeding this data to sophisticated control systems that optimize fuel consumption, enhance safety features, and deliver a smooth driving experience. Control systems play a pivotal role in mechatronics by enabling precise regulation and automation of processes. These systems rely on feedback mechanisms to continuously monitor the state of a system and make adjustments as needed to achieve desired outcomes. Consider a robotic arm used in a manufacturing plant.Its movements are governed by a control system that receives input from sensors tracking the arm's position and the environment. By comparing this input with pre-programmed instructions, the control system can orchestrate the arm's motion, ensuring accurate and efficient task execution. The advancements in mechatronics and control systems have spurred a wave of innovation across various industries.In manufacturing, robots equipped with sophisticated control systems have become indispensable, performing tasks with precision and speed that surpass human capabilities. These robots not only enhance productivity but also improve workplace safety by taking on hazardous or repetitive tasks. The aerospaceindustry relies heavily on mechatronics for aircraft design, flight control systems, and autonomous navigation. From fly-by-wire technology to unmanned aerial vehicles, mechatronics has revolutionized air travel, making it safer and more efficient. Moreover, the healthcare sector has witnessed significant advancementsthrough mechatronics. From surgical robots that enable minimally invasive procedures to prosthetic limbs that offer unprecedented dexterity, mechatronic devices are transforming patient care and improving quality of life. These technologies empower medical professionals with greater precision and control, leading to better outcomes and faster recovery times for patients. As technology continues to evolve, we can anticipate even more groundbreaking innovations in the field of mechatronics and control systems. The rise of artificial intelligence and machine learning is further enhancing the capabilities of these systems, enabling them to adapt and learn from their experiences. This will undoubtedly lead to the development of smarter, more autonomous systems that can solve complex problems and automate tasks with unprecedented efficiency. Mechatronics and control systems hold immense potential to shape the future, driving progress in various domains and improving the quality of human life.。

英文版自我介绍翻译英文版自我介绍翻译篇一：面试用英语自我介绍怎么说面试用英语自我介绍怎么说?面试过程中自我介绍是在所难免的，中文自我介绍尚且难倒了很多人，更何况是英文自我介绍呢，但是面试用英语自我介绍在一些外资企业或者和英语相关岗位也是不可避免的。

今天我们就说一说面试用英语自我介绍怎么说?其实自我介绍大体都是一样的，简单的基本介绍，个人情况和兴趣爱好的一个阐述，话不多说先举一个例子吧。

(先英文后中文吧) Hello, everybody, my name is xxx, My personality alacrity is bright, I like to make friend, enjoying to read some books about philosophy usually, I like discussing problems with my friends together, I feel very happy to Know everyone, Hoping to get along with everyone delectation in the day of aftertime.大家好，我是xxx，我的性格活泼开朗，喜欢交流，日常生活中我喜欢看一些哲学性的书，很喜欢和朋友一起探讨问题，非常高兴认识大家，在之后的生活里能够和大家相处融洽。

大家在做英文自我介绍过程不用担心和害怕，并不是所有的面试官英文水平都很好，有些可能根本就听不懂你在说什么，在这个面试过程中你最重要的是要保持微笑和自信，无论多么蹩脚的英文你首先要保证流利和自信就可以了。

篇二：考研英语自我介绍及各个专业所对应的英语翻译考研英语自我介绍及各专业所对应英语翻译自我介绍(self-introduce)(1开场白)Good morning, my dear my dear professors. I feel so glad to meet all of you here.( 2.姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院) My name is ****, I am *** years old. I major in***** in the institute of**** in china university of petroleum in Qingdao ,My undergraduate period will be accomplished in July this year; and now, I am trying my best for obtaining a key to your university. (3．性格，爱好，实践经验)Generally speaking , I am a hard working student. I had an outstanding performance during my college life, and had won the scholarship for two times. When I decided to take part in The first National Petroleum Engineering Design Competition organized by your university, our group overcame several difficulties, we searched for information on the internet or in the library, used special softwares such as petrel and Eclipse to create model and make analysis, we tried our best and had learned a lot in the process, and our hard work paid off , we won the Excellenc e Award . What’s more, i am a person with great perseverance. I will try my best to finish a thing no matter how difficult it is. i once used C programming language to write a application programs about “how to query personal information quickly ” in a com petition .when i was sophomore(['s?f?m?:]), i found public elective course ****very interesting, so i persisted in studying it throughout the second semester while most of my schoolmates chose to give up. My**** name **** ,which means ****t, was given by my teacher. In my spare time, I like reading books, especially history books, I also like playing tennis and ping pang, I also like English very much, I am fond of watching English films, I do believe learning a foreigner language is a way to communicate with aliens, and maybe a tool to change one’s life. There is still along way for me to learn English well enough, and I will try my best. (爱好若时间不够可以省略) ( 4为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算)考研原因(reasons for my choice)During the past four years, I have learned a lot of professional knowledge, but gradually, I realize it is not enough, further study is still urgentfor me to realize self-value. Life is short, so it is necessary to take every chance for self-development, especially in the competitive modern society. Therefore, I prefer to go on for further education.研究生期间你的计划 (plans in the postgraduate study) There must be many things to learn if I were enrolled into my ideal research field. I hope I can build up a systematic ([,sisti'm?tik])view of ****engineering. I plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. ( On the other hand, I am dreaming of the participation of some relevant projects of my major, for this reason, I will get more experience in practice.) In a word, I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study here.(5．结束语)ok, that is all, thank you for your attention.2你的家庭(about family)In my family, there are four members, my farther, my mother, my elder brother and I. My parents are famers, like other working people they are industrious , kindhearted and they bear hardships without complaint .their excellent character have a great influence on me. I went back to help them with the farm work every summer vacation. My brother encouraged me to pursue advanced studies though he himself didn’t go to university. I love my family members and they love me, too. When I make a success, they are more excited than me, and support me to do better. Even though I failed, instead of blaming, they always share sorrowwith me, and encourage me not to give up. During my preparation for graduate examination, the support from my family is always my momentum([m?u'ment?m]). Their love is unselfish, I am deeply affected, so I will do all what I can to repay them.3.介绍你的家乡(about hometown)I come from Dongying , a beautiful city in Shandong province. It is a modern Internationalization city with dense highways network and distinctive appearance. The city lies in the eastern part of the province. It is the center city on the Yellow River Delta, where the Yellow River, China's second largest water system, empties into the sea. It is also the home for China's second largest oil base, the Shengli Oilfield . Many celebrities were born here, the most famous one is sun wu .You know, there is a saying that “The greatness of a man lends a glory to a place”。

集成电路设计专业名词解释汇总英文版English:"Integrated Circuit (IC) Design: The process of creating a blueprint for the manufacturing of integrated circuits, such as microchips, using specialized software and tools. IC design involves several stages, including architectural design, logic design, circuit design, physical design, and verification. Architectural design establishes the high-level functionality and organization of the circuit, determining the overall structure and major components. Logic design involves the translation of the architectural design into a set of logic equations and functional blocks, specifying the logical operation of the circuit. Circuit design focuses on the actual implementation of the logic design, defining the electrical connections and components needed to achieve the desired functionality. Physical design, also known as layout design, involves the placement and routing of the components to ensure proper functioning and optimal performance, considering factors such as power consumption, signal integrity, and manufacturing constraints. Verification is the process of ensuring that the designed circuit meets the specified requirements and functions correctly under various conditions. Field-ProgrammableGate Array (FPGA): An integrated circuit that can be configured by the user after manufacturing. FPGAs contain an array of programmable logic blocks and interconnects, allowing for the implementation of various digital circuits. Hardware Description Language (HDL): A specialized programming language used to describe the behavior and structure of electronic circuits, facilitating the design and simulation of digital systems. Common HDLs include Verilog and VHDL. Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools: Software tools used in the design of electronic systems, including integrated circuits. EDA tools automate various stages of the design process, from schematic capture and simulation to layout and verification. Some popular EDA tools include Cadence Virtuoso, Synopsys Design Compiler, and Mentor Graphics Calibre. Very-Large-Scale Integration (VLSI): The process of integrating thousands or millions of transistors into a single chip. VLSI technology enables the creation of complex, high-performance integrated circuits, such as microprocessors and memory chips, by packing a large number of transistors into a small area. Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC): An integrated circuit customized for a particular application or purpose. Unlike FPGAs, ASICs are manufactured to perform a specific function, offering advantages in terms of performance,power consumption, and cost for mass production. ASIC design involves the development of custom circuitry optimized for a particular application, often using standard cell libraries and specialized design methodologies."中文翻译:"集成电路（IC）设计：是指利用专业软件和工具创建集成电路（如微芯片）制造的蓝图的过程。

《电路》课程教学大纲（Electric Circuits）课程类型：专业基础课学时学分：64学时/ 4学分适用专业：电气类专业课程介绍电路课程是电气类专业基础课，课程主要讲解以下内容：常用电路元件的特性，电路定理与分析方法，正弦稳态电路的分析，含有耦合电感的电路，三相电路，动态电路的时域分析和复频域分析方法等。

通过本课程的学习，使学生掌握电路的基本理论、分析计算电路的基本方法和进行实验的初步技能，并为后续课程准备必要的电路知识。

Introduction of the courseElectric Circuit is an important professional foundation course to the specialties such as Electrical engineering. The course is mainly on the following: common circuit elements characteristic, circuit theorem and analytic methods, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, coupling inductance circuit, 3-phase circuit, dynamic circuit analysis in time-domain and in S-domain. In this course, students will learn the basic theories of circuit, the basic methods to calculate the parameters of common circuits and experimental skills, and have the necessary circuit knowledge for the follow-up courses.一、教学目的与要求1．系统的掌握电路中基本概念、基本原理及各种电路的分析方法。

专利名称：Systems and methods for fabrication ofsuperconducting circuits发明人：Eric Ladizinsky,Nicolas Ladizinsky,JasonYao,Byong Hyop Oh,Richard David Neufeld申请号：US14600962申请日：20150120公开号：US09634224B2公开日：20170425专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：In one aspect, fabricating a superconductive integrated circuit with a Josephson junction includes applying oxygen or nitrogen to at least part of a structure formed froman outer superconductive layer to passivate an artifact, if any, left from removing the portion of the outer superconductive layer. In another aspect, a first superconductive layer is deposited, a second superconductive layer is deposited on the first superconductive layer, an oxide layer is formed on the first superconductive layer, a dielectric layer is deposited on the oxide layer, a portion of the dielectric layer is removed, a first portion of the oxide layer is removed, a second oxide portion is formed in place of the first portion of the oxide layer, and a third superconductive layer is deposited on the dielectric layer and the second oxide portion.申请人：D-Wave Systems Inc.地址：Burnaby CA国籍：CA代理机构：Seed IP Law Group LLP更多信息请下载全文后查看。

信号与系统课程总结关于《信号与系统》课程的总结刘亚河北⼯业⼤学廊坊分校摘要：信号与系统是⾼等⼯科院校通信与电⼦信息类专业的⼀门重要的专业基础课，其中的概念和分析⽅法⼴泛应⽤于通信、⾃动控制、信号与信息处理、电路与系统等领域。

本⽂介绍了信号与系统课程的主要知识点及与其他专业课程的联系和在电⼦专业中的应⽤，旨在更深⼊地了解信号与系统这门学科，并与⽣活实际相联系，提⾼综合运⽤所学知识解决实际问题的能⼒。

关键词：信号与系统；联系；应⽤Abstract：Signals and systems is an important professional basic course in Higher Engineering College of communication and electronic information specialty, the concept and the analysis method is widely used in automatic control, communication, signal and information processing, circuit and system etc。

This paper introduces the main knowledge of the signal and system course and other professional courses and application in electronic professional, to understand more deeply the subject of signal and system, and the life practice, improve the ability of knowledge to solve practical problems using the。