The influence of fuel bias in the primary air duct on the gas particle flow characteristics

高二英语批判思维单选题50题1. In the news report about environmental protection, it is mentioned that a new technology can reduce carbon emissions by 50%. Which of the following statements can be inferred?A. All industries will adopt this technology immediately.B. The environment will be completely cleaned up soon.C. This technology will have a significant impact on reducing carbon emissions.D. There will be no more environmental problems.答案：C。

解析：A 选项所有行业立刻采用该技术过于绝对，新闻中未提及。

B 选项环境很快被完全清理干净也不现实，仅一种技术不能做到。

D 选项不会再有环境问题太绝对，一种技术不能解决所有环境问题。

C 选项，新闻中提到新技术能减少碳排放50%，可以推断出该技术对减少碳排放有重大影响。

2. After reading a famous novel, we know that the main character is brave and kind. Which of the following can we conclude?A. All the characters in the novel are brave and kind.B. The main character will never make mistakes.C. The main character's actions will always lead to positive results.D. The main character's qualities can inspire readers.答案：D。

NO2-11.美国的非洲黑奴所讲述的各别的民间故事究竟源自何处？有关这方面旷日持久的争论，不幸得很，已远远超越了对这些故事本身的内涵和功能之分析。

与非洲的文化沿袭性并非取决于对特定民间故事按其原始形式输入，并使之世代相传。

唯有在这些故事于奴隶们生活中所占据的位置，以及奴隶们所能从中获取的意义中，与非洲传统最为彰著的近似才能得以被揭示出来。

虽然黑奴生活在白人当中，但他们并没有不分青红皂白地从白人那里照搬照抄故事情节。

对黑人影响最为深远的，是那样一些欧美故事，其功能涵义和美学魅力与那些深深植根于其故土的故事具有最大程度上的类似。

不管黑奴的故事源自何方，关键在于，就语汇，叙事模式，性格塑造诸细节，以及故事情节而言，奴隶们均很快地将其汲取，为其所用。

2.在地球的地壳（crust）内部，岩石中所蕴含的能量代表着某种近乎取之不尽、用之不竭的能源（energy source），但直至近期，商业回收（commercial retrieval）仅限于地下热水以及/或者蒸气的回收系统。

这些系统在近期火山活动地区发展起来，在这些地方，频繁的热流（heat flow）导致水以温泉（geyser）和热泉（hot spring）的形式明晰可辨的喷发。

然而，在其它地区，也有热岩石在靠近地表处存在，但所存在的水甚不充分，不足以产生喷发现象。

因此，每当自发产生的（spontaneously produced）地热（geothermal）液体被认定为对于现存的（existing）商业系统不充分时，一种潜在的（potential）干热岩石储藏（HDR reservoir）便告存在。

由于近期能源危机的缘故，创立干热岩石（HDR）回收系统的新概念——这些涉及到钻孔打洞并将它们与置于地壳深处的人造蓄水也联系起来——正被研究开发。

在所有从HDR′s回收能量的尝试中，人为的剌激将必不可少，用以造成充分的渗透性，或有界流径（bounded flow path），以便通过液体在岩石表面循环流动这一手段，从而促进热量的提取回收。

CHAPTER 13TEACHING NOTESWhile this chapter falls under “Advanced Topics,” most of this chapter requires no more sophistication than the previous chapters. (In fact, I would argue that, with the possible exception of Section 13.5, this material is easier than some of the time series chapters.)Pooling two or more independent cross sections is a straightforward extension of cross-sectional methods. Nothing new needs to be done in stating assumptions, except possibly mentioning that random sampling in each time period is sufficient. The practically important issue is allowing for different intercepts, and possibly different slopes, across time.The natural experiment material and extensions of the difference-in-differences estimator is widely applicable and, with the aid of the examples, easy to understand.Two years of panel data are often available, in which case differencing across time is a simple way of removing g unobserved heterogeneity. If you have covered Chapter 9, you might compare this with a regression in levels using the second year of data, but where a lagged dependent variable is included. (The second approach only requires collecting information on the dependent variable in a previous year.) These often give similar answers. Two years of panel data, collected before and after a policy change, can be very powerful for policy analysis. Having more than two periods of panel data causes slight complications in that the errors in the differenced equation may be serially correlated. (However, the traditional assumption that the errors in the original equation are serially uncorrelated is not always a good one. In other words, it is not always more appropriate to used fixed effects, as in Chapter 14, than first differencing.) With large N and relatively small T, a simple way to account for possible serial correlation after differencing is to compute standard errors that are robust to arbitrary serial correlation and heteroskedasticity. Econometrics packages that do cluster analysis (such as Stata) often allow this by specifying each cross-sectional unit as its own cluster.108SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS13.1 Without changes in the averages of any explanatory variables, the average fertility rate fellby .545 between 1972 and 1984; this is simply the coefficient on y84. To account for theincrease in average education levels, we obtain an additional effect: –.128(13.3 – 12.2) ≈–.141. So the drop in average fertility if the average education level increased by 1.1 is .545+ .141 = .686, or roughly two-thirds of a child per woman.13.2 The first equation omits the 1981 year dummy variable, y81, and so does not allow anyappreciation in nominal housing prices over the three year period in the absence of an incinerator. The interaction term in this case is simply picking up the fact that even homes that are near the incinerator site have appreciated in value over the three years. This equation suffers from omitted variable bias.The second equation omits the dummy variable for being near the incinerator site, nearinc,which means it does not allow for systematic differences in homes near and far from the sitebefore the site was built. If, as seems to be the case, the incinerator was located closer to lessvaluable homes, then omitting nearinc attributes lower housing prices too much to theincinerator effect. Again, we have an omitted variable problem. This is why equation (13.9) (or,even better, the equation that adds a full set of controls), is preferred.13.3 We do not have repeated observations on the same cross-sectional units in each time period,and so it makes no sense to look for pairs to difference. For example, in Example 13.1, it is veryunlikely that the same woman appears in more than one year, as new random samples areobtained in each year. In Example 13.3, some houses may appear in the sample for both 1978and 1981, but the overlap is usually too small to do a true panel data analysis.β, but only13.4 The sign of β1 does not affect the direction of bias in the OLS estimator of1whether we underestimate or overestimate the effect of interest. If we write ∆crmrte i = δ0 +β1∆unem i + ∆u i, where ∆u i and ∆unem i are negatively correlated, then there is a downward biasin the OLS estimator of β1. Because β1 > 0, we will tend to underestimate the effect of unemployment on crime.13.5 No, we cannot include age as an explanatory variable in the original model. Each person inthe panel data set is exactly two years older on January 31, 1992 than on January 31, 1990. This means that ∆age i = 2 for all i. But the equation we would estimate is of the form∆saving i = δ0 + β1∆age i +…,where δ0 is the coefficient the year dummy for 1992 in the original model. As we know, whenwe have an intercept in the model we cannot include an explanatory variable that is constant across i; this violates Assumption MLR.3. Intuitively, since age changes by the same amount for everyone, we cannot distinguish the effect of age from the aggregate time effect.10913.6 (i) Let FL be a binary variable equal to one if a person lives in Florida, and zero otherwise. Let y90 be a year dummy variable for 1990. Then, from equation (13.10), we have the linear probability modelarrest = β0 + δ0y90 + β1FL + δ1y90⋅FL + u.The effect of the law is measured by δ1, which is the change in the probability of drunk driving arrest due to the new law in Florida. Including y90 allows for aggregate trends in drunk driving arrests that would affect both states; including FL allows for systematic differences between Florida and Georgia in either drunk driving behavior or law enforcement.(ii) It could be that the populations of drivers in the two states change in different ways over time. For example, age, race, or gender distributions may have changed. The levels of education across the two states may have changed. As these factors might affect whether someone is arrested for drunk driving, it could be important to control for them. At a minimum, there is the possibility of obtaining a more precise estimator of δ1 by reducing the error variance. Essentially, any explanatory variable that affects arrest can be used for this purpose. (See Section 6.3 for discussion.)SOLUTIONS TO COMPUTER EXERCISES13.7 (i) The F statistic (with 4 and 1,111 df) is about 1.16 and p-value ≈ .328, which shows that the living environment variables are jointly insignificant.(ii) The F statistic (with 3 and 1,111 df) is about 3.01 and p-value ≈ .029, and so the region dummy variables are jointly significant at the 5% level.(iii) After obtaining the OLS residuals, ˆu, from estimating the model in Table 13.1, we run the regression 2ˆu on y74, y76, …, y84 using all 1,129 observations. The null hypothesis of homoskedasticity is H0: γ1 = 0, γ2= 0, … , γ6 = 0. So we just use the usual F statistic for joint significance of the year dummies. The R-squared is about .0153 and F ≈ 2.90; with 6 and 1,122 df, the p-value is about .0082. So there is evidence of heteroskedasticity that is a function of time at the 1% significance level. This suggests that, at a minimum, we should compute heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors, t statistics, and F statistics. We could also use weighted least squares (although the form of heteroskedasticity used here may not be sufficient; it does not depend on educ, age, and so on).(iv) Adding y74⋅educ, , y84⋅educ allows the relationship between fertility and education to be different in each year; remember, the coefficient on the interaction gets added to the coefficient on educ to get the slope for the appropriate year. When these interaction terms are added to the equation, R2≈ .137. The F statistic for joint significance (with 6 and 1,105 df) is about 1.48 with p-value ≈ .18. Thus, the interactions are not jointly significant at even the 10% level. This is a bit misleading, however. An abbreviated equation (which just shows the coefficients on the terms involving educ) is110111kids= -8.48 - .023 educ + - .056 y74⋅educ - .092 y76⋅educ(3.13) (.054) (.073) (.071) - .152 y78⋅educ - .098 y80⋅educ - .139 y82⋅educ - .176 y84⋅educ .(.075) (.070) (.068) (.070)Three of the interaction terms, y78⋅educ , y82⋅educ , and y84⋅educ are statistically significant at the 5% level against a two-sided alternative, with the p -value on the latter being about .012. The coefficients are large in magnitude as well. The coefficient on educ – which is for the base year, 1972 – is small and insignificant, suggesting little if any relationship between fertility andeducation in the early seventies. The estimates above are consistent with fertility becoming more linked to education as the years pass. The F statistic is insignificant because we are testing some insignificant coefficients along with some significant ones.13.8 (i) The coefficient on y85 is roughly the proportionate change in wage for a male (female = 0) with zero years of education (educ = 0). This is not especially useful since we are not interested in people with no education.(ii) What we want to estimate is θ0 = δ0 + 12δ1; this is the change in the intercept for a male with 12 years of education, where we also hold other factors fixed. If we write δ0 = θ0 - 12δ1, plug this into (13.1), and rearrange, we getlog(wage ) = β0 + θ0y85 + β1educ + δ1y85⋅(educ – 12) + β2exper + β3exper 2 + β4union + β5female + δ5y85⋅female + u .Therefore, we simply replace y85⋅educ with y85⋅(educ – 12), and then the coefficient andstandard error we want is on y85. These turn out to be 0ˆθ = .339 and se(0ˆθ) = .034. Roughly, the nominal increase in wage is 33.9%, and the 95% confidence interval is 33.9 ± 1.96(3.4), or about 27.2% to 40.6%. (Because the proportionate change is large, we could use equation (7.10), which implies the point estimate 40.4%; but obtaining the standard error of this estimate is harder.)(iii) Only the coefficient on y85 differs from equation (13.2). The new coefficient is about –.383 (se ≈ .124). This shows that real wages have fallen over the seven year period, although less so for the more educated. For example, the proportionate change for a male with 12 years of education is –.383 + .0185(12) = -.161, or a fall of about 16.1%. For a male with 20 years of education there has been almost no change [–.383 + .0185(20) = –.013].(iv) The R -squared when log(rwage ) is the dependent variable is .356, as compared with .426 when log(wage ) is the dependent variable. If the SSRs from the regressions are the same, but the R -squareds are not, then the total sum of squares must be different. This is the case, as the dependent variables in the two equations are different.(v) In 1978, about 30.6% of workers in the sample belonged to a union. In 1985, only about 18% belonged to a union. Therefore, over the seven-year period, there was a notable fall in union membership.(vi) When y85⋅union is added to the equation, its coefficient and standard error are about -.00040 (se ≈ .06104). This is practically very small and the t statistic is almost zero. There has been no change in the union wage premium over time.(vii) Parts (v) and (vi) are not at odds. They imply that while the economic return to union membership has not changed (assuming we think we have estimated a causal effect), the fraction of people reaping those benefits has fallen.13.9 (i) Other things equal, homes farther from the incinerator should be worth more, so δ1 > 0. If β1 > 0, then the incinerator was located farther away from more expensive homes.(ii) The estimated equation islog()price= 8.06 -.011 y81+ .317 log(dist) + .048 y81⋅log(dist)(0.51) (.805) (.052) (.082)n = 321, R2 = .396, 2R = .390.ˆδ = .048 is the expected sign, it is not statistically significant (t statistic ≈ .59).While1(iii) When we add the list of housing characteristics to the regression, the coefficient ony81⋅log(dist) becomes .062 (se = .050). So the estimated effect is larger – the elasticity of price with respect to dist is .062 after the incinerator site was chosen – but its t statistic is only 1.24. The p-value for the one-sided alternative H1: δ1 > 0 is about .108, which is close to being significant at the 10% level.13.10 (i) In addition to male and married, we add the variables head, neck, upextr, trunk, lowback, lowextr, and occdis for injury type, and manuf and construc for industry. The coefficient on afchnge⋅highearn becomes .231 (se ≈ .070), and so the estimated effect and t statistic are now larger than when we omitted the control variables. The estimate .231 implies a substantial response of durat to the change in the cap for high-earnings workers.(ii) The R-squared is about .041, which means we are explaining only a 4.1% of the variation in log(durat). This means that there are some very important factors that affect log(durat) that we are not controlling for. While this means that predicting log(durat) would be very difficultˆδ: it could still for a particular individual, it does not mean that there is anything biased about1be an unbiased estimator of the causal effect of changing the earnings cap for workers’ compensation.(iii) The estimated equation using the Michigan data is112durat= 1.413 + .097 afchnge+ .169 highearn+ .192 afchnge⋅highearn log()(0.057) (.085) (.106) (.154)n = 1,524, R2 = .012.The estimate of δ1, .192, is remarkably close to the estimate obtained for Kentucky (.191). However, the standard error for the Michigan estimate is much higher (.154 compared with .069). The estimate for Michigan is not statistically significant at even the 10% level against δ1 > 0. Even though we have over 1,500 observations, we cannot get a very precise estimate. (For Kentucky, we have over 5,600 observations.)13.11 (i) Using pooled OLS we obtainrent= -.569 + .262 d90+ .041 log(pop) + .571 log(avginc) + .0050 pctstu log()(.535) (.035) (.023) (.053) (.0010) n = 128, R2 = .861.The positive and very significant coefficient on d90 simply means that, other things in the equation fixed, nominal rents grew by over 26% over the 10 year period. The coefficient on pctstu means that a one percentage point increase in pctstu increases rent by half a percent (.5%). The t statistic of five shows that, at least based on the usual analysis, pctstu is very statistically significant.(ii) The standard errors from part (i) are not valid, unless we thing a i does not really appear in the equation. If a i is in the error term, the errors across the two time periods for each city are positively correlated, and this invalidates the usual OLS standard errors and t statistics.(iii) The equation estimated in differences islog()∆= .386 + .072 ∆log(pop) + .310 log(avginc) + .0112 ∆pctsturent(.037) (.088) (.066) (.0041)n = 64, R2 = .322.Interestingly, the effect of pctstu is over twice as large as we estimated in the pooled OLS equation. Now, a one percentage point increase in pctstu is estimated to increase rental rates by about 1.1%. Not surprisingly, we obtain a much less precise estimate when we difference (although the OLS standard errors from part (i) are likely to be much too small because of the positive serial correlation in the errors within each city). While we have differenced away a i, there may be other unobservables that change over time and are correlated with ∆pctstu.(iv) The heteroskedasticity-robust standard error on ∆pctstu is about .0028, which is actually much smaller than the usual OLS standard error. This only makes pctstu even more significant (robust t statistic ≈ 4). Note that serial correlation is no longer an issue because we have no time component in the first-differenced equation.11311413.12 (i) You may use an econometrics software package that directly tests restrictions such as H 0: β1 = β2 after estimating the unrestricted model in (13.22). But, as we have seen many times, we can simply rewrite the equation to test this using any regression software. Write the differenced equation as∆log(crime ) = δ0 + β1∆clrprc -1 + β2∆clrprc -2 + ∆u .Following the hint, we define θ1 = β1 - β2, and then write β1 = θ1 + β2. Plugging this into the differenced equation and rearranging gives∆log(crime ) = δ0 + θ1∆clrprc -1 + β2(∆clrprc -1 + ∆clrprc -2) + ∆u .Estimating this equation by OLS gives 1ˆθ= .0091, se(1ˆθ) = .0085. The t statistic for H 0: β1 = β2 is .0091/.0085 ≈ 1.07, which is not statistically significant.(ii) With β1 = β2 the equation becomes (without the i subscript)∆log(crime ) = δ0 + β1(∆clrprc -1 + ∆clrprc -2) + ∆u= δ0 + δ1[(∆clrprc -1 + ∆clrprc -2)/2] + ∆u ,where δ1 = 2β1. But (∆clrprc -1 + ∆clrprc -2)/2 = ∆avgclr .(iii) The estimated equation islog()crime ∆ = .099 - .0167 ∆avgclr(.063) (.0051)n = 53, R 2 = .175, 2R = .159.Since we did not reject the hypothesis in part (i), we would be justified in using the simplermodel with avgclr . Based on adjusted R -squared, we have a slightly worse fit with the restriction imposed. But this is a minor consideration. Ideally, we could get more data to determine whether the fairly different unconstrained estimates of β1 and β2 in equation (13.22) reveal true differences in β1 and β2.13.13 (i) Pooling across semesters and using OLS givestrmgpa = -1.75 -.058 spring+ .00170 sat- .0087 hsperc(0.35) (.048) (.00015) (.0010)+ .350 female- .254 black- .023 white- .035 frstsem(.052) (.123) (.117) (.076)- .00034 tothrs + 1.048 crsgpa- .027 season(.00073) (0.104) (.049)n = 732, R2 = .478, 2R = .470.The coefficient on season implies that, other things fixed, an athlete’s term GPA is about .027 points lower when his/her sport is in season. On a four point scale, this a modest effect (although it accumulates over four years of athletic eligibility). However, the estimate is not statistically significant (t statistic ≈-.55).(ii) The quick answer is that if omitted ability is correlated with season then, as we know form Chapters 3 and 5, OLS is biased and inconsistent. The fact that we are pooling across two semesters does not change that basic point.If we think harder, the direction of the bias is not clear, and this is where pooling across semesters plays a role. First, suppose we used only the fall term, when football is in season. Then the error term and season would be negatively correlated, which produces a downward bias in the OLS estimator of βseason. Because βseason is hypothesized to be negative, an OLS regression using only the fall data produces a downward biased estimator. [When just the fall data are used, ˆβ = -.116 (se = .084), which is in the direction of more bias.] However, if we use just the seasonspring semester, the bias is in the opposite direction because ability and season would be positive correlated (more academically able athletes are in season in the spring). In fact, using just theβ = .00089 (se = .06480), which is practically and statistically equal spring semester gives ˆseasonto zero. When we pool the two semesters we cannot, with a much more detailed analysis, determine which bias will dominate.(iii) The variables sat, hsperc, female, black, and white all drop out because they do not vary by semester. The intercept in the first-differenced equation is the intercept for the spring. We have∆= -.237 + .019 ∆frstsem+ .012 ∆tothrs+ 1.136 ∆crsgpa- .065 seasontrmgpa(.206) (.069) (.014) (0.119) (.043) n = 366, R2 = .208, 2R = .199.Interestingly, the in-season effect is larger now: term GPA is estimated to be about .065 points lower in a semester that the sport is in-season. The t statistic is about –1.51, which gives a one-sided p-value of about .065.115(iv) One possibility is a measure of course load. If some fraction of student-athletes take a lighter load during the season (for those sports that have a true season), then term GPAs may tend to be higher, other things equal. This would bias the results away from finding an effect of season on term GPA.13.14 (i) The estimated equation using differences is∆= -2.56 - 1.29 ∆log(inexp) - .599 ∆log(chexp) + .156 ∆incshrvote(0.63) (1.38) (.711) (.064)n = 157, R2 = .244, 2R = .229.Only ∆incshr is statistically significant at the 5% level (t statistic ≈ 2.44, p-value ≈ .016). The other two independent variables have t statistics less than one in absolute value.(ii) The F statistic (with 2 and 153 df) is about 1.51 with p-value ≈ .224. Therefore,∆log(inexp) and ∆log(chexp) are jointly insignificant at even the 20% level.(iii) The simple regression equation is∆= -2.68 + .218 ∆incshrvote(0.63) (.032)n = 157, R2 = .229, 2R = .224.This equation implies t hat a 10 percentage point increase in the incumbent’s share of total spending increases the percent of the incumbent’s vote by about 2.2 percentage points.(iv) Using the 33 elections with repeat challengers we obtain∆= -2.25 + .092 ∆incshrvote(1.00) (.085)n = 33, R2 = .037, 2R = .006.The estimated effect is notably smaller and, not surprisingly, the standard error is much larger than in part (iii). While the direction of the effect is the same, it is not statistically significant (p-value ≈ .14 against a one-sided alternative).13.15 (i) When we add the changes of the nine log wage variables to equation (13.33) we obtain116117 log()crmrte ∆ = .020 - .111 d83 - .037 d84 - .0006 d85 + .031 d86 + .039 d87(.021) (.027) (.025) (.0241) (.025) (.025)- .323 ∆log(prbarr ) - .240 ∆log(prbconv ) - .169 ∆log(prbpris )(.030) (.018) (.026)- .016 ∆log(avgsen ) + .398 ∆log(polpc ) - .044 ∆log(wcon )(.022) (.027) (.030)+ .025 ∆log(wtuc ) - .029 ∆log(wtrd ) + .0091 ∆log(wfir )(0.14) (.031) (.0212)+ .022 ∆log(wser ) - .140 ∆log(wmfg ) - .017 ∆log(wfed )(.014) (.102) (.172)- .052 ∆log(wsta ) - .031 ∆log(wloc ) (.096) (.102) n = 540, R 2 = .445, 2R = .424.The coefficients on the criminal justice variables change very modestly, and the statistical significance of each variable is also essentially unaffected.(ii) Since some signs are positive and others are negative, they cannot all really have the expected sign. For example, why is the coefficient on the wage for transportation, utilities, and communications (wtuc ) positive and marginally significant (t statistic ≈ 1.79)? Higher manufacturing wages lead to lower crime, as we might expect, but, while the estimated coefficient is by far the largest in magnitude, it is not statistically different from zero (tstatistic ≈ –1.37). The F test for joint significance of the wage variables, with 9 and 529 df , yields F ≈ 1.25 and p -value ≈ .26.13.16 (i) The estimated equation using the 1987 to 1988 and 1988 to 1989 changes, where we include a year dummy for 1989 in addition to an overall intercept, isˆhrsemp ∆ = –.740 + 5.42 d89 + 32.60 ∆grant + 2.00 ∆grant -1 + .744 ∆log(employ ) (1.942) (2.65) (2.97) (5.55) (4.868)n = 251, R 2 = .476, 2R = .467.There are 124 firms with both years of data and three firms with only one year of data used, for a total of 127 firms; 30 firms in the sample have missing information in both years and are not used at all. If we had information for all 157 firms, we would have 314 total observations in estimating the equation.(ii) The coefficient on grant – more precisely, on ∆grant in the differenced equation – means that if a firm received a grant for the current year, it trained each worker an average of 32.6 hoursmore than it would have otherwise. This is a practically large effect, and the t statistic is very large.(iii) Since a grant last year was used to pay for training last year, it is perhaps not surprising that the grant does not carry over into more training this year. It would if inertia played a role in training workers.(iv) The coefficient on the employees variable is very small: a 10% increase in employ increases hours per employee by only .074. [Recall:∆≈ (.744/100)(%∆employ).] Thishrsempis very small, and the t statistic is also rather small.13.17. (i) Take changes as usual, holding the other variables fixed: ∆math4it = β1∆log(rexpp it) = (β1/100)⋅[ 100⋅∆log(rexpp it)] ≈ (β1/100)⋅( %∆rexpp it). So, if %∆rexpp it = 10, then ∆math4it= (β1/100)⋅(10) = β1/10.(ii) The equation, estimated by pooled OLS in first differences (except for the year dummies), is4∆ = 5.95 + .52 y94 + 6.81 y95- 5.23 y96- 8.49 y97 + 8.97 y98math(.52) (.73) (.78) (.73) (.72) (.72)- 3.45 ∆log(rexpp) + .635 ∆log(enroll) + .025 ∆lunch(2.76) (1.029) (.055)n = 3,300, R2 = .208.Taken literally, the spending coefficient implies that a 10% increase in real spending per pupil decreases the math4 pass rate by about 3.45/10 ≈ .35 percentage points.(iii) When we add the lagged spending change, and drop another year, we get4∆ = 6.16 + 5.70 y95- 6.80 y96- 8.99 y97 +8.45 y98math(.55) (.77) (.79) (.74) (.74)- 1.41 ∆log(rexpp) + 11.04 ∆log(rexpp-1) + 2.14 ∆log(enroll)(3.04) (2.79) (1.18)+ .073 ∆lunch(.061)n = 2,750, R2 = .238.The contemporaneous spending variable, while still having a negative coefficient, is not at all statistically significant. The coefficient on the lagged spending variable is very statistically significant, and implies that a 10% increase in spending last year increases the math4 pass rate118119 by about 1.1 percentage points. Given the timing of the tests, a lagged effect is not surprising. In Michigan, the fourth grade math test is given in January, and so if preparation for the test begins a full year in advance, spending when the students are in third grade would at least partly matter.(iv) The heteroskedasticity-robust standard error for log() ˆrexpp β∆is about 4.28, which reducesthe significance of ∆log(rexpp ) even further. The heteroskedasticity-robust standard error of 1log() ˆrexpp β-∆is about 4.38, which substantially lowers the t statistic. Still, ∆log(rexpp -1) is statistically significant at just over the 1% significance level against a two-sided alternative.(v) The fully robust standard error for log() ˆrexpp β∆is about 4.94, which even further reducesthe t statistic for ∆log(rexpp ). The fully robust standard error for 1log() ˆrexpp β-∆is about 5.13,which gives ∆log(rexpp -1) a t statistic of about 2.15. The two-sided p -value is about .032.(vi) We can use four years of data for this test. Doing a pooled OLS regression of ,1垐 on it i t r r -,using years 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 gives ˆρ= -.423 (se = .019), which is strong negative serial correlation.(vii) Th e fully robust “F ” test for ∆log(enroll ) and ∆lunch , reported by Stata 7.0, is .93. With 2 and 549 df , this translates into p -value = .40. So we would be justified in dropping these variables, but they are not doing any harm.。

小学上册英语第6单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.My aunt loves to do ____ (yoga) every morning.2.The _____ (蛋糕) is delicious.3. A ______ is a visual representation of a chemical equation.4.I always have ______ for dinner.5.I love to draw ______.6.My sister is a ______. She enjoys baking cookies.7.What is the capital city of the United States?A. New YorkB. Los AngelesC. Washington,D.C. D. ChicagoC8.The _____ (frost) can damage young plants.9.My _____ (外甥) loves to play video games.10.The snapping turtle can bite very _________ (痛).11. Carta influenced the development of modern ________. The Magn12.My grandma bakes the best ________ (饼干). I help her mix the ________ (材料).13. A __________ is a reaction that involves a change in color.14.What do we call the act of providing opportunities for success?A. EmpowermentB. SupportC. PromotionD. All of the AboveD15. A __________ is a change in the physical properties of a substance.16.What do you call the process of providing nutrients to plants?A. FertilizationB. IrrigationC. CultivationD. Planting17.The chemical symbol for zinc is ______.18.The _____ (车子) is parked outside.19.The concept of conservation emphasizes the importance of protecting ______ resources.20.In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the _____.21.The ________ is a type of insect that helps plants.22.The _____ can affect the tides on Earth.23. A ____ is often found in gardens and is known for its beautiful colors.24.The _____ (老师) is teaching us.25.The city of Riyadh is the capital of _______.26.My ___ (小仓鼠) keeps its cheeks full of food.27.The cat is very ___ (lazy/energetic).28.My friend is very __________ (适应性强).29.What do we call a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CalfD. Chick30.The ________ (气候适应) is necessary for survival.31.What is the primary function of the heart?A. Pump bloodB. Digest foodC. Filter airD. Protect the body32.I like to ride my ______ (horse).33.How many sides does a square have?A. FourB. FiveC. SixD. Seven34.What do you call a tall structure used for climbing?A. TowerB. HillC. MountainD. Cliff35.My favorite vegetable is ______.36.How many days are there in a week?A. FiveB. SixC. SevenD. EightC37.We will have a ________ next week.38.What is the name of the famous landmark in Egypt?A. Taj MahalB. ColosseumC. Great Pyramid of GizaD. Eiffel TowerC39.She likes to eat ___ (apples/rocks).40.What is the capital of Italy?A. RomeB. MilanC. FlorenceD. VeniceA41.The ______ (果皮) protects the fruit inside.42.The monkey loves to eat ______.43.What is the main ingredient in chocolate?A. MilkB. CocoaC. SugarD. FlourB44.The Earth's atmosphere is vital for protecting ______ life.45.The __________ (历史的展望) inspires hope.46.What is the name of the superhero who wears a cape and can fly?A. Spider-ManB. BatmanC. SupermanD. Iron ManC47.Listen and number.听录音排序。

. 276 .CHINESE JOURNAL OF EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE, Mar. 2021, Vol. 21, No.3•论著•二次研究•中国人群尘肺病疾病负担的系统评价张瞾慧'黄磊'石璐\况杰1>3,周小军1>31. 南昌大学公共卫生学院流行病学教研室（南昌330006)2. 四川大学华西公共卫生学院/四川大学华西第四医院（成都610041)3. 江西省预防医学重点实验室（南昌330006)【摘要】目的系统评价中国人群尘肺病疾病负担情况，为制定有效的尘肺病防控对策提供科学依据。

方法计算机检索PubMed、EBSCO、Web of Science、CNKI、WanFang D ata和V IP数据库，搜集以尘肺患者疾病负担为主题的研究文献，检索时限均从建库至2020年1月31日。

由2位评价员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳人研究的偏倚风险后，对纳人研究的尘肺病相关人口、死亡和疾病负担进行系统评价。

结果共纳人26个研究。

定性分析结果显?K:近10年中国人群尘肺病的伤残调整寿命年（disability adjusted life years, DALY)和过早死亡损失寿命年（year of life lost, YLL)降幅低于全球，伤残损失寿命年（year lived with disability, YLD)升幅高于全球，Y L D所占D A L Y比重呈上升趋势=在尘肺病患者经济负担或住院费用的影响因素分析中包含14个因素，其中住院天数、相关合并症、尘肺分期是对患者经济负担（或住院费用）有影响或存在差异最重要的指标。

中国人群因尘肺病引起的疾病负担主要集中在中老年男性人群，但年轻患者因发病年龄早、病程长及合并症/并发症等因素造成其Y LD更大的现象也应重视。

结论我国尘肺患者疾病负担仍然沉重，建议将持续降低中国人群尘肺病的DALY作为长期健康管理目标，强化遏制尘肺病早发病和早死亡的控制策略。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-厦门大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Changing from solid to liquid, water takes in heat from all substances near it and this_______produces artificial cold surrounding it.问题1选项A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction【答案】A【解析】absorption吸收; transition过渡, 转变; consumption消费, 消耗; interaction相互作用。

句意：水从固体变成液体, 会吸收附近所有物质的热量, 这种吸收会在周围产生人工寒潮。

选项A符合句意。

2.单选题The British historian Niall Ferguson speculated that the end of American_______might not fuel an orderly shift to a multipolar system.问题1选项A.domainB.hegemonyC.sovereigntyD.preference【答案】B【解析】domain领地,领域; hegemony霸权; sovereignty主权,君主; preference偏爱, 优先权。

句意：英国历史学家Niall Ferguson推测, 美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。

选项B符合句意。

3.翻译题(1). When we talk about the danger of romantic love, we don't mean danger in the obvious heartbreak way—the cheap betrayals, the broken promises—we mean the dark danger that lurks when sensible, educated women fall for the dogmatic idea that romantic love is the ultimate goal for the modern female. Every day, thousands of films, books, articles and TV programs hammer home this message—that without romance, life is somehow barren.However, there are women who entertain the subversive notion, like an intellectual mouse scratching behind the skirting board, that perhaps this higher love is not necessarily the celestial highway to absolute happiness. (2). Their empirical side kicks in. and they observe that couples who marry in a haze of adoration and sex are, ten years later, throwing china and fight bitterly over who gets the dog.(3). But the women who notice these contradictions are often afraid to speak them in case they should be labeled cynics. Surely only the most jaded and damaged would challenge the orthodoxy of romantic love. The received wisdom that there is not something wrong with the modern idea of sexual love as ultimate panacea, but (hat if you don't get it, there is something wrong with you. You freak, go back and read the label. (4).We say the privileging of romantic love over all others, the insistence that it is the one essential, incontrovertible element of human happiness, traced all the way back to the caves, is a trap and a snare. The idea that every human heart, since the invention of the wheel, was yearning for its other half is a myth.(5). Love is a human constant: it is the interpretation of it that changes. The way that love has been expressed, its significance in daily life, have never been immutable or constant. The different kinds of love and what they signify are not fixed, whatever the traditionalists may like to tell you.So the modern idea that romantic love is a woman's highest calling, that she is somehow only half a person without it, that if she questions it she is going against all human history, does not stand up to scrutiny. It is not an imperative carved in stone; it is a human idea, and human beings are frail and suggestible, and sometimes get the wrong end of the stick.Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.【答案】1.当说到浪漫爱情的危险时, 我们并不是指显而易见令人心碎的危险一可耻的背叛、破碎的誓言——而是指当明智的知识女性对教条主义思想信以为真, 即浪漫的爱情是现代女性的终极目标时, 潜伏着的隐秘危险。

高三英语文章全球问题单选题50题1.Global warming is causing the sea level to rise. Which of the following is NOT a possible consequence?A.Loss of coastal landB.Increased frequency of hurricanesC.Decrease in air pollutionD.Disruption of marine ecosystems答案：C。

全球变暖导致海平面上升，会造成沿海土地流失、飓风频率增加以及海洋生态系统被破坏。

而海平面上升不会直接导致空气污染减少。

2.The depletion of the ozone layer is mainly caused by________.A.emission of carbon dioxideB.release of chlorofluorocarbonsC.burning of fossil fuelsD.cutting down of forests答案：B。

臭氧层的消耗主要是由释放氟氯烃引起的。

二氧化碳排放、燃烧化石燃料主要导致全球变暖；砍伐森林主要影响生态平衡等方面。

3.Which of the following is a measure to address climate change?A.Increasing the use of plastic bagsB.Building more coal-fired power plantsC.Planting more treesD.Dumping waste into the ocean答案：C。

种植更多的树可以吸收二氧化碳，有助于应对气候变化。

增加塑料袋使用、建设更多的燃煤发电厂、向海洋倾倒废物都会加剧环境问题。

4.Deforestation can lead to________.A.increased biodiversityB.more fertile soilC.flooding and soil erosionD.cooler climate答案：C。

一、单选题（共90题，每题1分）1、依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是①逐步推广使用清洁的可再生能源，减少使用污染环境的能源，是环境恶化的正确选择。

②随着人们自律程度的不断提高，过去有些需要用铁栏杆来维持的地方，现在只要拉绳或画线就行了。

③具有世界影响的中国画大师张干千，人物、花鸟、鱼虫、走兽无一不精，尤其画山水A、遏制次序善于B、遏制秩序擅长C、遏止秩序擅长D、遏止次序善于2、下列各句中，语义明确、没有歧义的一句是A、天吃饭，大家一律不准用筷子。

B、女工工作做得好，可以解决一些女工特有的切身问题。

C、领导对群众反映个别职员玩忽职守的问题十分气愤。

D、方在钓鱼岛问题上的种种错误做法，使中日关系正常发展受到严重干扰。

3、下列没有错别字的一句是：A、我能成为你人生道路上的诤友，感到十分荣幸。

B、截止今年10月底，他已完成了全年的生产任务。

C、经有关部门认真鉴定，这些东西全是膺品。

D、新建的城市应按现代化的要求来安排市政设施。

4、以下哪一位是现任的俄罗斯总统？A、普京B、就加诺夫C、库德林D、梅德韦杰夫5、世界上最长的跨海大桥，也是世界上建造难度最大的跨海大桥之一的是A、杭州湾跨海大桥B、澎湖跨海大桥C、澳门跨海大桥D、青岛跨海大桥6、地热资源、太阳能、水能资源均丰富的地区是：A、青藏高原B、海南岛C、塔里木盆地D、四川盆地7、日本党首在2009年9月16日下午举行的特别国会首相指名选举中当选为日本新一任首相。

A、自民党鸠山由纪夫B、民主党麻生太郎C、民主党鸠山由纪夫D、自民党麻生太郎8、美国次贷危机中的“次”是指：A、贷款人的第二次贷款B、贷款人的收入较低，信用等级较低C、贷款机构的实力和规模较小D、贷款机构的信用等级较低9、澳大利亚的首都是下列哪座城市：A、堪培拉B、墨尔本C、布里斯班D、悉尼10、2009年10月31日上午，我国科学巨星、被誉为中国航天之父的逝世于北京，享年98岁。

A、钱钟书B、闫怀礼C、钱学森D、林耀基11、2009年秋季，我国第十一届全国运动会在省顺利举办。

Paper onePart I Dialogue CommunicationSection A1．选A..在语言学中有一种“使役行为理论”;指的是有些句子具有一定的使役力量;虽然没有直接提出要求;但听者听了以后会觉得说话者间接提出了某种请求;让听者做某件事..在这里;A方虽然表面是在问B方是否靠近门口;但其前提是感到寒冷;可见其目的并不只是单纯的询问B方所处的位置;而是间接地请求B方把门关上;所以选项A实现了成功的交流目的.. 2．选B..A方问：“最新的一期时代周刊到没到今天已经是星期二了..”选项B的答复最合理：“这杂志晚了..也许后天才能到..”其他几个答复均不合适..如干扰项A仅重复了杂志未到的事实;无任何新信息..3．选A..注意本对话讲的是打电话投硬币的事..A方是电话提示;要求投入更多预付金硬币;否则通话就无法继续了..因此;选项A说：“噢;天哪;我没钱了..得把电话挂了..”4．选B..A方问：“Ray;你放学后不直接回家吗”选项B说：“不..我1点钟还要上课;然后在图书馆待几个小时再回家..”干扰项A可能起作用..但应注意;按照英语的习惯;当回答内容为否定时;其前不能使用Yes..5．选A..A方说：“听说你得了一张停车罚单..”选项A的意思是：“是啊;我根本不知道3区是专供教师用的..”Lot在此指停车的分区..Section BDialogue Comprehension6．选A..女士问男士是否见过凯莉在附近出现;男士回答说;凯莉的手提包就放在椅子上;暗示凯莉很可能就在附近..7．选A..男士提醒女士记得去看医生;但女士说只是有点擦伤;暗示她认为情况并不严重;不需要去看医生..8．选B..pick up在这里的意思是“学某种东西”..on one’s own的意思是“靠自己”..知道了这两个词组的意义;就很容易选出答案B..9．选D..这道题的关键词是resume;即“简历”..女士打算给这家电力公司递上一个简历..显然;她是想在这家公司工作..10．选C..男士说他打算放弃拉小提琴;因为管弦乐队再次拒绝接收他为成员；女士对此表示怀疑：“仅仅因为你没能成功考入乐队;难道就此放弃吗”可见她希望男士应重新考虑他的决定..“make”在这里指“成功作成某事”..Part II V ocabulary11．选B.mended：赞扬;表彰;其对应词应为praised;即“表扬;表彰”..本题题意为：那位消防队员因其在熄灭那场大火的勇敢表现而受到表彰..辨义：A．denounced斥责；C．welcomed 欢迎；D．exclaimed嚷叫起来;大声叫..12．选C..画线词rule out：排除掉;其对应词应为exclude;即“排除掉;不包括..”本题题意为：我们无法排除是他的妻子将他杀害的..辨义：A．foresee预见；B．run out用完；D．foretell 预言..故答案为C..13．选A..画线词back up;在这里的意思是：依靠;支持；其近义词为A support..辨义：A support 支持..辨义：通过语义判断;到分辨词汇可分辨义：A．elevate；B．提高；C．investigate调查；D．challenge挑战..本题题句的意思为：人们期待着科学家们做出彻底的研究来支持对这些新药所作的断言..故正确答案为A..14．选D..画线词baffling在此的含义是：令……惊讶;或令人感到茫然莫解..其对应词为perplexing to..本题题句的意思为：有一类侦探小说描述令人钦佩的业余侦探;他们通过理智地分析犯罪动机与线索;侦破了一些使警察困惑不已的案子..正确答案为D..辨义：A．revealed by由……揭示出；B．predicted by由……预测；C．alarming to对某人产生提醒或告诫的作用..15．选A..画线词的对应词为：fundamentally..二者共同的基本意思是：基本上、聪根本上..本题题句的意思为：相对论基本上有两部分组成：狭义相对论和广义相对论..辨义：B．usually 通常；C．frequently经常；D．approximately大约、近似地..16．选C..画线词depicting：描绘..其含义与portraying描绘;绘制接近..本题题意为：描绘风景景观的刺绣18世纪末就在美国开始畅销起来..辨义：A．stating陈述；B．relating论及；D．celebrating庆祝性的..故答案为C..17．选A..画线词daring意为辨义“大胆的、勇敢的;”bold是其同义词..本题题句的意思为：那个胆大的年轻人骑马穿过那印第安人的村庄试图找到他那走失了很久的妹妹..辨义：B．cowardly怯懦的；C．persistent坚持不懈的；D．caring关心人的..18．选D..Did you suspect that the entire episode was an elaborate deception这句话的意思是：你可曾想到整个段落情节是一个精心设计的骗局句中画线词deception的意思是“欺骗..”其含义与选项D．hoax相近..故D为正确答案..辨义：A．decision决定；B．death死亡；C．invitation 邀请..19．选C..画线词defect是B．effect．的反义词;C．weakness的近义词..本题题句的意思是：对自己的能力缺乏信心是迈克个性中的一个主要弱点..正确答案为 C..辨义：其他词的含义是：A．defeat战胜、击败；D．device设计、装置..20．选B..画线词defy的意思为：不顾；不予理睬..与选项B．oppose “反对”为同义词..本题题句的意思为：约翰继续反对他的老板..辨义：A．avoid避免；C．admire赞赏、敬佩；D．guide指导..Section B21..选 A..填词题的做题窍门在于先要读懂题意..本题题句Numerous experiments have demonstrated that mass is_____ to energy的意思是：无数的实验已经证明;质量可以转换为能量..需要填全的词必定得是一个含义与句意相通的形容词..在这里就应当是选项A．convertible;即“可转换的”..辨义：B．exchangeable可交换的；C．transplantable可移植的；D．conceivable可相信的;可设想出来的..22．选A..本题题句In October of this year our Party will_____ its Thirteenth National Congress 的意思为：今年十月我们党要召开十三大了..在这四个选项中;只有A．convene表示“召开”之意..故为正确答案..辨义：B．assemble集合；C．gather集中；D．meet会面..23．选B..本题题意为：自从20世纪30年代早期;瑞士银行就以自己的保密体系和带密码的存折而自豪..在其4个选项中;只有pride;表示“以……自豪;使自豪;使自夸等”..其固定搭配为pride oneself on something;“以……自豪”..做名词时固定搭配为take pride in something..故答案为B..24．选B..本题题意为：传统上从来不让外国学生久留和工作的国家;如德国和英国;在信息技术方面都面临着劳动力_____ 缺乏的问题;因而放松了移民法..A．cuts“裁减；”B．shortages “短缺；”C．weaknesses“弱点；”D．imports“进口..”故答案为B..25．选C..本题题句A series of _____scandals led to the fall of the government的意思为：一系列贪污腐化事件导致政府垮台..C. corruption的意思是：“腐败;道德败坏..”应为正确选项..辨义：A．degradation贬职、降级；B．degeneracy衰退、退化、破坏；D．subversion颠覆.. 26．选A..本题题句Could you possibly_____ me at the next committee meeting的意思是：你能否在下一次会议上塞鲎我一下本句中要求判断出一些读短语动词的用法来..辨义：A．stand in for sb．“站在……的一方”..辨义：B．make up for弥补;补足；C．fall back On求助于；D．keepin with继续与某人保持友好..根据句意;A为正确答案..27．选C..本题题句The old scientist decided to move to his country home _____ his advanced age and poor health．的大致意思应当是：考虑到年事已高;健康状况不佳;这位老科学家决定搬回农村居住..句中缺少的部分应表示原因..选项C．on account of考虑到;由于;因为就应是首选..辨义：A．in the interest of由于对……的兴趣；B．as a result of由于……的结果；D．in support of支持;拥护..28．选B..本题题句_____ of the financial crisis;all they could do was hold on and hope that;things would improve的意思是：鉴于_____ 到金融危机的了顶点;他们所能做到的就是忍耐并希望事情有所好转..句中的空缺处填上……的定点..即B．At the height;在……的顶点..其他词义辨义：A．At the bottom“在……的低谷”；C．on the top “在……的顶部”；D．In the end最终..故根据句意;B为正确答案..29．选A..本题题句Bill looked everywhere for his dictionary but _____ had to return home without it．的意思是：比尔到处找自己的字典;但_____ 最后不得不空手而归..辨义：A．in the end“最后;终于”；B．at the end;一般用做at the end of;意思是“在……结尾;在……末端”；C．in the finish不是短语;正确的短语应为at the finish;意思是“在最后”；D．at the last也不是短语;正确的短语应为at last;意思是“最后”..故根据句意;A为正确答案..30．选A..本题题句We are prepared to overlook the error on this occasion _____your previous good work的意思是：我们已准备_____ 按照你先前做出的卓越研究来考察在这种情况下可能出现的错误..辨义：A．in the light of鉴于;由于..其意正合题意语境的需要..B．thanks to多亏;幸亏；C．with a view to着眼于;以……目的；D．with regard to关于..因此;句意显示A为正确答案..Part III Reading ComprehensionPassage 0ne短文大意本文讲述了the Robotic Rover Spirit机器人海魂号对火星一岩石样本的取样后;科学家对它进行的研究..题目精解31．选B..本文第一段末句即指明the robotic rover Spirit began investigating the rock用的是with two science instruments and a microscopic camera．32．选D..这是一道文句大意重述题..因为they were glad to see the results就等于说But they were．．．pleased;而后半句and puzzled over the soil test results就等于说他们对这些土壤的特征还感到无法理解;也就等于说they can’t explain them..因为puzzled over的意思就是“对……迷惑不解..”33．选C..本文第六段Olivine第一次出现后;即用一个非限定性定语从句对其进行解释：which contains oxygen．iron and magnesium;is often found in volcanic rocks．由此可知正确答案为C.. 34．选A..本题定位在第五段：X-rays emitted by the surface soil indicated a chemical composition mainly of silicon and iron;with smaller amounts of sulfur;chlorine and argon.35．选B..本题定位在全文末段末句：Nothing collapsed;leading Dr．Squyres to ask what force was responsible for holding them together．36．选D..本文首段指出the robotic rover Spirit开始在火星上研究一块岩石样本;接着展开叙述科学家对它的研究..Passage Two短文大意本文介绍了鸟类鸣声随所在地域不同而有所不同的特性;并通过Kroodsma大体介绍了这种差异形成的原因..题目精解37．选A..从本文第二段中Birds that live on the boundary between two dialects or that spend time in different areas can become“bilingual”定位..38．选C..题干定位在第二段倒数第二句rapid cultural evolution within each generation紧接着说明This kind of song evolution is found in whales but;up until now; rarely in birds.39．选D..在第四段对话中;With these birds;if we find differences in their songs from place to place;it means that the DNA has changed too;表明选项A是正确的;这段对话的末句you get these striking differences from place to place because the birds have learned the local dialect说明选项C是正确的;综合两个选项;选择D..40．选C..猜测词义题..题干出现在SA的第三次发问中．;通过阅读DK的回答;because they are thrown together with different birds every few months from all over the geographic range;可知答案为C..41．选B..题干出现在全文末句;是一个由wish引导的虚拟句;可知DK在目前还不知道这个答案;故应选B..42．选C..本题属定标题..从最后一段引述DK的话;即“So I think for nomadic birds like Sedge Wrens;because they are thrown together with different birds every few months from all over the geographic range;they don’t bother to imitate the songs of their immediate neighbors They make up some kind of generalized song;or rather the instructions in their DNA allow them to improvise this very Sedge Wren-y song．”可以看出这篇对话的主旨是研究鸟的呜声与其所处的地理环境及其邻居的关系的..Passage Three短文大意耶鲁大学的物理学家Robert Adair指出;在棒球运动中;外野手如果想准确地接着球就不能仅仅依靠视觉信息;而必须根据球击在木质球棒上的声音来及早判断球会飞行多远..题目精解43．选A..具体细节题..解题的信息在第2段第2句话：If he relied purely upon visual information;the fielder would have to wait for about one-and-a-half seconds before he could tell accurately if the pitcher hit the ball long or short．44．选A..第3段中有这样的描述“If I heard a crack I ran out．．．”防守队员向外跑;说明击球手击出的是一记长球..45．选C..具体细节题..见第5段第2句话：Balls hit on the sweet spot generate fewer energy-sapping vibration in the bat;allowing greater energy transfer t0 the ball．46．选C..Adair在最后一段指出;铅质球棒无论球击在何处发出的都是同样的一声“呼”.. 47．选B..在第一段第一句就提到;“Experienced baseball fielders can tell how far a ball is going to travel Just by listening to the crack of the bat．If they didn’t;they wouldn’t stand a chance of catching it”;有经验的棒球外野手可以通过倾听球拍的击打声来分辨球的运动距离;而无法做到这一点的话;则有可能把握不住接球的机会..所以A是正确的..在第二段提到;“If he relied purely upon visual information．．．the ball may have traveled too far for him to each it in time·”所以B不正确;应该为visual而不是sound information..第三段中;“The difference between the crack and clunk．．．could mean a difference in running distance of as much as 30 meters”;所以C 正确..第四段最后一句提到;“Conversely;mishit balls make the bat vibrate strongly and SO donot travel as far．”相反地;如果没有击中sweet spot的话;会使拍子剧烈振动;从而无法击得远;所以D也正确..48．选B..主旨大意题..本文主要讲的是防守队员如何根据球击在木质球棒上的声音来判断球的飞行距离..Passage Four短文大意本文虽然一开头就介绍宇宙学家和星源学家之间的不同之处;但此后都是围绕着星源学家内部对于太阳系起源所持的不同见解展开的..题目精解49．选C..本文讨论的是星源学家之间的争论;关于太阳系的形成根源究竟是否同一物质..所以应该选C最为接近..50．选D..本文第1段提到;1848年Edgar Allen Poe在一次演讲中提到了星源学的奥秘;但不能因为他作过一次演讲就断定他是cosmologist或cosmogonist或lecturer..本题的解题信息在in a new edition of Poe’s prose poem Eureka．51．选C..具体细节题..见第2段第3旬：Cosmologists worry about where the Universe came from;cosmogonists with how the Solar System formed．52．选A..选项A中的completely与文章的内容不符;因为Mercury和Pluto不在这一平面上.. 53．选B..从本文的第4段可以了解到;大多数星源学家把太阳有7．25度倾斜度这一事实归因于太阳物质的损失：Anyway;they add;the Sun has been losing mass for most of its life and may have slipped a little：54．选C..第6段中的Not at all暗指一个倾斜的太阳并不是星源学家们唯一头痛的事情;应该还有许多令他们头疼的事情..Passage Five短文大意本文描述的是目前由于俄罗斯太空急救飞船的承载能力的限制;目前国际空间站的永久成员只能是3个;他们整天忙于空问站的运行与维护;基本上无法进行有益的科学试验..因此美国的NASA正计划利用其他办法增加太空站的人员编制..题目精解55．选C..推断引申题..本文第1段的最后一句中will at last be able to do useful scientific research这一部分暗示目前的3人编制根本无法进行科学试验..56．选A..具体细节题..解题的信息在第2段第一句中的limited by three by the capability of Russian Soyuz capsules that would return them to Earth in an emergency．57．选C..capsule在文中是指太空舱;跟cabin机舱的意思较为接近;所以选C..58．选B..具体细节题..见第3段第2句：But faced with a$5 billion budget overrun;the agency cancelled the project last year..59．选B..本文在第5段描写到;俄罗斯同意把Soyez的使用寿命延长到2006年;但从2006～2010年间国际太空站将没有救生飞船;因此也不会有永久人员..这是a big problem o60．选D..主旨大意题..综合各段的主题句的意思可以看出;本文主要是阐述如何增加国际太空站的人员编制;进行有用的科学研究..Part IV Cloze短文大意本文介绍“否决”..文章通过介绍否决的定义、适用范围、一般规则以及历史上美国总统与国会使用否决权的实例;阐述了这个问题..这一主题在段首句与段尾句中得到了明确的反映..段首句大意：vet0这个英语单词的意思是“我不允许”..开门见山;道出文章的主题..段尾句大意：这些提案中至少有一条已经被他否决了..以下详细讲解各题答案..题目精解61．选B..本题考理解..考生应能读懂本文的第二句是对第一句中“I will not permit”的解释..permit意为“允许”;因此;可知本题词义为“阻止、阻挠”..进一步参照选择项;则可发现A．accept：意为“接受”;C．promote意为“促进、推进”;D．challenge意为“挑战”;B．block 意为“阻挡、阻止”..只有B．block符合veto的含义;是本题正确答案..62．选A..本题考词汇..根据我们对联合国安理会的了解;我们知道联合国安理会是由中、美、英、法、俄五个常任理事国组成;显然;本题词义应为“由…组成”或“包含”..仔细区分四个选择项的差别;发现只有A．has符合文章要求..即联合国安理会有五个常任理事国..干扰项词义：B．consist与D．is made up都含有“由……组成”或“包含”之意..不过;选择项中所给的短语搭配不全..完整的短语形式应该分别为consist of和is made up of..因此;这两项可以排除..C．maintain意为“保持”或“持…观点”;也不符合文章的语意要求..63．选D..从语法角度分析;本题答案为该句主语..根据前文及常识;可以知道在此充当主语的为上述五国..然后根据选择项一一排查..Both意为“两者都”;用来表达双方的情况;但是;此处有五个国家;因此可以排除选择项A..B．All of which虽然可以用以表示“其中所有的”;但通常用于非限定性定语从句句首;而此处为独立的句子;并非从句;因此选择项B．也可排除..C．Ever..y也可以代表全体;但它是形容词;不能做主语..D．Each为代词;意为“每个”;满足了语法和词义两方面的要求;是本题正确答案..64．选B..本题考动词短语辨析..无论单词辨析还是短语辨析;都要以对文章的正确理解为主要依据..A．calling off意为“取消”；C．calling upon意为“号召、召唤”；calling up意为“打电话”；B．calling for意为“要求”;是本题正确答案..本句大意是;英法两国否决了一项要求以色列从埃及领土撤军的议案..65．选D..本题考近义词辨析..根据常识;可以判断此处需要一个形容词;表示“平常的、通常的、普通的”;修饰use..A．normal“正常的、规范的”;不符合文章要求;可以首先排除..由于其他各项的中文释义都带有“一般、普通的”含义;需要进一步辨别它们之间在语义侧重上的细微差别..B．ordinary质量、品质“一般化、普通”;针对特殊的或特别实例而言;即“没有什么特别之处”的意思；C．average指中等水平的;针对较高或较低水平而言“不高不低”；Dmon“平常的、通常的”;针对事情发生的频度而言;即“常见的”之意..66．选D..本题考语法..选择项提供了动词的四种形式..在甄别正确答案时;应考虑使用谓语或非谓语动词;即选择A或D;还是选择B或C；现在时还是过去时;即：选择A或C还是B;以及单数即选择项D或复数动词即选择项A几个方面..首先;显然应选择谓语动词形式;即排除现在分词选项C．providing for..然后排除过去时选项B．provided for;因为文章所谈论的是美国现行宪法..最后;由于主语“美国宪法”是单数;故再排除A．provide for;正确答案为D．provides for..67．选C..本句紧接前句..根据副词aIso也的提示;本句仍然讨论同一个话题;主语也仍然是美国宪法..故正确答案为C．Const;itution..68．选C..本题考序数词的拼写形式..C．tWO—thirds为唯一的正确答案..69．选B..本题考情态动词的用法;而情态动词的选择主要取决于对文章的理解..此处讲述的是：在总统使用否决权后;国会议案成为法律的先决条件是两院都必须投票推翻总统的否决..作为立法程序;此处需要用明确、强硬的情态动词来描述;因此答案为B．must;即“必须”..干扰项A．may和C．can都表示可能性;D．will则表示“将会”之意..70．选C..本题考时态..在谈到历史上的美国总统多次否决国会提案的问题时;没有明确的时间状语;显然本句信息的焦点在于总统否决国会提案的影响与后果..况且紧随其后的句子也用了现在完成时;支持了本题应该使用现在完成时的判断..71．选C..本题考副词的应用..对副词的选择主要基于对文章的理解..如上所述;美国历史上总统曾否决过2 500个国会议案;而国会否决总统的否决则只有104次..两个数字如此悬殊;可见;形容国会否决总统次数的副词应该是C．0nly;意为“仅仅”..干扰项词义：A．possibly“可能”；B．even “甚至”；D．simply“简单地、只不过”..72．选D..本题考固定用法..从四个选择项分析;此处所要的词义应该是“后期、晚期”;即“18世纪后期”..英语中对晚期或后期的表达用te和early用法举例：He was born in the late 1950s and was in his early for’ties when he star..ted the shoe business．他出生于20世纪50年代后期..在他开始经营制鞋业时已经四十出头了..73．选D..本题考语篇理解能力..需填写词为动词;所带宾语为the size and cost of the federal government;即联邦政府的规模及其开支..问题在于此处指“扩大”还是“削减”政府的规模或开支..答案可以从下文中得到：在陈述Clinton总统观点时用了cut一词;即“削减”..可见此处当填D．reduce..干扰项词义：A．change“改变”；B．maintain“保持”；C．increase “增加”..74．选D..本题考动词短语..选择动词短语的依据来自对语篇连贯线索的确切理解..下文提到C1inton持有different ideas;即他与国会的意见有分歧;因此答案为D．agree with同意某人的意见、想法..干扰项用法解析：A．agree upon和B．agree on表示“在某件事上取得一致意见”;C．agree to后接动词不定式..用法举例：I don’t agree with you on this point．我不同意你的这个观点..He finally agreed to participate in the experiment．他最终同意了参加实验..至此;全部答案已做完..考生应再重新通读全文;以挑剔的眼光审视所做答案;看它们是否达到了在结构和内容上圆满还原短文的目的..75．选B..本题考宾语从句..前一句提到Clinton总统观点时用了部分否定的句式;即Clinton 总统不完全同意国会关于精简政府和削减开支的意见..换言之;Clinton的总体意见是同意精简政府和削减开支;但在具体细节上与国会有分歧..从下文中可以看到;他们之间的分歧在于“精简哪些部门parts of government”以及“精简的幅度by how much”..因此;先排除C．whose;因为whose parts of government的提法不合逻辑；然后排除不符合“总体上赞成国会意见”的选项;即A．why和D．that；最后确认B．what为正确答案..what parts of government意为“政府的哪些部门”..本句大意：对于国会的计划Clinton总统并非全部赞同;他在政府的哪些部门应该被精简以及开支应削减多少这些问题上持不同观点..Part I TranslationPaper TwoSection A题目精解注意此段短文翻译中被动语态的翻译;并注意句子之间的连贯性..1．本句翻译时;要注意条件状语从句中“If an occupation census had been taken…it would…”的翻译;此句为非真实条件句;表达虚拟语气;应译为“如果……的话;也许会……”;同时要注意定语从句“who drew…”的翻译;应翻译为独立的句子..由于英汉两种语言结构类似;应采用对等翻译法直接翻译..2．本句翻译时;虽然没有条件状语引导词if;但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语;因此;“…would have revealed．．．”表达虚拟语气;应译为“如果……的话;就会……”;同时要注意过去分词“taken．．．”;“unpaved．．．”和“separated．．．”的翻译;应视为过去分词做定语..由于英汉两种语言结构类似;应采用对等翻译法直接翻译..3．本句翻译时;虽然没有条件状语引导词if;但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语;因此;“would show…”表达虚拟语气;应译为“如果……的话;就会……”;同时要注意过去分词“taken…”的翻译;应视为过去分词做定语..由于英汉两种语言结构类似;应采用对等翻译法直接翻译..4．本句翻译时;虽然没有条件状语引导词if;但此句所表达的意思相当于非真实条件状语;因此;“would be…”表达虚拟语气;应译为“应该会有……”;同时要注意现在分词“carrying…”的翻译;应视为过去分词做定语;但译成汉语时;采用增词法;要译为一个句子..同时;要注意定语从句“which had．．．”的翻译;应译为一个独立句..由于英汉两种语言结构类似;应采用对等翻译法直接翻译..参考译文：1．如果在11世纪作一项职业调查的话;也许会发现;竞有90％的人住在农村;依靠农耕、放牧、捕鱼或靠采伐谋生..2．当时如果航拍一张照片的话;可以看到未经铺设的道路连接的散落村子;中间隔着一片片的森林或沼泽..3．十四世纪中叶所拍的第二张照片可以看到;村庄越来越多了;而且散开了;因为欧洲人通过开辟新的土地;将边疆扩大了..4．道路上和江海上往来的人多了;他们把粮食或原料运往城镇..城镇的数目多了;规模大了;重要性也增加了..5．其次;这一广阔地区的居民无法用我们的标准模式去进行划分;他们也不是一成不变.. Section B题目精解注意此段短文翻译中修辞手法的翻译;并注意句子之问的连贯性..此短文中;句子“这让我觉得很新鲜”译成英语时;要注意汉语的后重心和英语的前重心特点;翻译时要采用句型转换法来翻译;故译为“I find it refreshing that…”..参考译文：As a jazz lover; I find it refreshing that many Chinese pop stars are beginning to be influenced by jazz; and are including jazzy rhythms and harmonies in their songs. However; incorporating jazz elements into pop music does not make it jazz; any more than putting chili pepper into a MacDonald's hamburger turns it into Sichuan cuisine.Part II参考作文Can We Profit More from Computer and InternetComputer and Internet are said to be the biggest wonders ever made by man. They have brought us enormous profits and convenience. But so far still not many Chinese can get access to them. What is the real problemIn my opinion; it involves two sides. The first side lies in the computer and Internet workers. Though technically quite advanced in China; the system is far from being popular for ordinary users. For example; in the west; people can do many kinds of professional jobs at home.E-business and online libraries become a common social service. When traveling; people can book flight tickets and hotel rooms online. Yet; most of Chinese users use the system just to send emails or play games. The other side comes from the traditional opinion on the online practice.Many people prefer to read the newspapers to online news. Therefore; I would like to suggest that online technology should be made more popular for general users to increase their materialspiritual wealth more efficiently.。

2021新高考一卷英语双向细目表2021 New College Entrance Examination English Test Double-sided Detailed TablePart I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage, and select the best answer for each question. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Sports are an important part of many people’s lives. But for most disabled people, participating in sports can be a challenge. This is where adaptive sports come in. Adaptive sports are specialized sports and fitness activities designed for people with disabilities. They allow individuals with physical, cognitive, and other disabilities to engage in sports just like everyone else.1. According to the passage, what are adaptive sports?A. Regular sportsB. Traditional sportsC. Specialized sportsD. Common sports2. What is the main purpose of adaptive sports?A. To challenge disabled peopleB. To engage disabled people in sportsC. To separate disabled people from othersD. To compete with regular sports3. Who are adaptive sports designed for?A. People with disabilitiesB. People without disabilitiesC. Athletes onlyD. Coaches only4. What do adaptive sports allow disabled people to do?A. Watch sportsB. Play sportsC. Analyze sportsD. Avoid sports5. What is the writer’s attitude towards adaptive sports?A. PositiveB. NegativeC. IndifferentD. UncertainPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Air pollution is a major environmental issue that affects our health and the planet. One of the main causes of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels for power generation and transportation. To reduce air pollution, we need to adopt cleaner energy sources, such as solar and wind power, as well as improve public transportation systems to reduce the reliance on cars.6. What is a major cause of air pollution?A. Use of renewable energyB. Driving electric carsC. Burning fossil fuelsD. Walking to work7. What do we need to do to reduce air pollution?A. Adopt cleaner energy sourcesB. Burn more fossil fuelsC. Drive more carsD. Use more public transportation8. What are examples of cleaner energy sources mentioned in the passage?A. Gasoline and dieselB. Coal and oilC. Solar and windD. Nuclear and hydropower9. What is the writer’s suggestion to reduce air pollution?A. Drive more carsB. Use public transportation lessC. Improve public transportation systemsD. Increase reliance on cars10. Why is air pollution a major environmental issue?A. It affects our healthB. It helps the planetC. It is not a problemD. It is beneficialSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Landon Donovan was born in Ontario, California, in 1982. He is an American former professional soccer player who played as a forward. Donovan has had a successful soccer career, playing for clubs in the United States, Germany, and England. He is considered one of the greatest American soccer players of all time.A. Paragraph 1: Landon Donovan’s birthplaceB. Paragraph 2: Landon Donovan’s professionC. Paragraph 3: Landon Donovan’s careerD. Paragraph 4: Landon Donovan’s influence11. Landon Donovan was born in the United States.12. Landon Donovan played as a forward.13. Landon Donovan had a successful soccer career in the United States.14. Landon Donovan is considered one of the greatest American soccer players of all time.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (25 points)15. He is the only one ________ has failed the test.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which16. The story made a deep impression ________ me.A. inB. toC. onD. for17. The taller the tree, ________ more shade it gives.A. aB. anC. theD. Blank18. ________ your mother ________ you buy the dress?A. Shall; letB. Shall; allowC. Will; letD. Will; allowPart III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: Read the following three passages, and answer the questions that follow each passage. For questions 41 to 45, markA (True) if the statement is trueB (False) if the statement is falseC (Not given) if the information is not given in the passagePassage 1In our fast-paced world, it can be hard to find the time to relax and unwind. But taking breaks is essential for our mental and physical health. Research has shown that regular breaks can improve productivity, reduce stress, and prevent burnout. So, next time you’re feeling overwhelmed, remember to take a break and recharge.41. Taking breaks is not necessary for our mental and physical health.42. Research has shown that regular breaks can reduce stress.43. Taking breaks can lead to burnout.44. Regular breaks can improve productivity.45. Taking breaks is a waste of time.Passage 2Climate change is a pressing issue that requires immediate action. The rise in global temperatures is causing extremeweather events, loss of biodiversity, and rising sea levels. It is crucial that we take steps to reduce our carbon footprint, protect vulnerable ecosystems, and transition to sustainable energy sources to combat climate change.46. Climate change is not a pressing issue.47. Extreme weather events are not caused by the rise in global temperatures.48. It is important to protect vulnerable ecosystems to combat climate change.49. We should not transition to sustainable energy sources.50. Rising sea levels are a result of climate change.Passage 3The world of work is changing rapidly, with technological advancements transforming industries and job opportunities. To succeed in the future workforce, individuals need to adapt to new technologies, develop critical thinking skills, and embrace lifelong learning. The ability to learn and grow will be essential to navigate the dynamic and competitive job market.51. The world of work is not changing rapidly.52. Technological advancements are not transforming industries.53. Individuals do not need to adapt to new technologies to succeed in the future workforce.54. Critical thinking skills are not important for the future workforce.55. Lifelong learning is essential to navigate the job market.I hope this detailed table will help you prepare for the 2021 New College Entrance Examination English Test. Good luck!。

武昌区2024届高三年级5月质量检测英语本试卷共150分，考试用时120分钟。

祝考试顺利注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡指定位置，必认真核对与准考证号条形码上的信息是否一致，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2. 选择题的作答：选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答在试题卷上无效，¢3. 非选择题的作答：用黑色墨水的签字笔直接答在答题卡上的每题所对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上或答题卡指定区域外无效。

4. 考试结束，监考人员将答题卡收回，考生自己保管好试题卷，评讲时带来。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题：每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What is the man?A. A teacher.B. A surgeon.C. A manager.2. Why can’t the woman keep still?A. She is excited.B. She is nervous.C. She is ill.3. What are the speakers talking about?A. Why the electricity bill went up.B. Where they can pay the electricity bill.C. How they can reduce the electricity usage.4. Why is the man phoning the woman?A. To ask her out for dinner.B. To tell her he will be late.C. To inform her of an accident.5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A psychological term.B. A chemical reaction.C. The man’s coat.第二节(共15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分，满分22. 5分)听下面5 段对话或读白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

高二英语气候经济学视角单选题20题1. The impact of climate change on the economy ______ more and more obvious.A. becomesB. is becomingC. becameD. has become答案：B。

本题考查现在进行时。

A 选项“becomes”是一般现在时，不能体现出逐渐变化的过程；C 选项“became”是一般过去时，不符合当前的情况；D 选项“has become”是现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，没有“正在变得”这层意思；B 选项“is becoming”是现在进行时，能很好地表达“正在变得越来越明显”的意思。

2. The government should take measures to reduce the ______ of greenhouse gases.A. emissionB. emitC. emittedD. emitting答案：A。

本题考查名词。

“emission”是名词，意为“排放”；B 选项“emit”是动词，不符合此处需要名词的要求；C 选项“emitted”是过去分词形式；D 选项“emitting”是现在分词形式。

这里需要名词形式，所以选A。

3. Climate economics ______ a new field that attracts many researchers.A. isB. areC. wasD. were答案：A。

本题考查主谓一致和时态。

“Climate economics”是一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数，排除B 和D。

根据语境，这是一个现在的情况，所以用一般现在时，A 选项“is”符合。

4. The ______ of extreme weather events has a great influence on the economy.A. frequencyB. frequentC. frequentlyD. frequentness答案：A。

英语秦荻辉科技英语写作习题以及答案练习1I、在下列每个句子的空白处填上适当的冠词（如果必要的话），然后将句子译成汉语：1. There has been _____ ever greater interest in this subject.2. The power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great _____ rise in temperature.3. Its primary disadvantage is _____ increase in noise.4. _____ successful design of the equipment requires _____ detailed knowledge of the performance specifications.5. In _____ Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, _____ single electron revolves around _____ single proton in a circle of radius R.6. The unit of frequency is _____ hertz.7. If _____ voltage is applied across _____ circuit, _____ electric current will flow in _____ circuit.8. _____ Fig. 5-1 shows _____ Oersted’s experiment.9. We should use _____ 18-volt battery here.10. _____ machine is _____ device for transmitting force to accomplish _____ definite purpose.11. _____ hydraulic press will be considered in _____ Chapter 14.12. _____ study of fluids in motion is one of _____ more difficult branches of mechanics because of _____ diversity of phenomena that may occur.13. It is easy to determine _____ value of _____ parameter μ.14. By _____ Eq. (2-1) we have _____ following relation.15. It is necessay to use _____ S-shaped tube here.16. The authors work at _____ University of Texas at _____Arlinton.17. This is _____ R-bit transformer.18. _____ XOR gate must be used here.II、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确地使用冠词：1、这是一个h参数（parameter）。

培优练(⼗六)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·⼴东六校联考)The world’s biggest electric vehicle—a45－ton mining dump truck named the eDumper—may have to give up its throne.The newcomer,powered with both electricity and a reserve of hydrogen fuel,is going to steal that title as the largest electric mining truck.London－based Anglo American is developing the beast of a machine—it weighs290tons—as part of its sustainable mining vision.The conceptual work is done，but U.K.－based Williams Advanced Engineering will bring the truck to life.The idea is to replace the vehicle’s diesel engine(柴油机) with a high－power modular lithium－ion battery(锂离⼦电池).“We are delighted to be involved in this innovative and exciting project which shows the potential of battery technology that can adapt to increased demands,from the automotive and motorsport fields to‘heavy duty’industrial applications，”Craig Wilson,managing director of Williams Advanced Engineering,said.While the eDumper—a mining truck used to move stones from the sides of mountains in Switzerland—relies entirely on pure electricity and pure physics for power,the Anglo American truck will use both a lithium－ion battery and a hydrogen fuel cell(电池)module.Altogether,the new truck will have over1，000kilowatt hours of energy storage.Hydrogen fuel is a clean fuel that produces only water as a by－product when consumed in a fuel cell.It’s typically produced from natural gas,nuclear power,or renewable wind and solar power.Adding hydrogen fuel cells to the vehicle’s battery will allow the truck to run for longer periods of time without recharging.There’s also a third type of power that comes into play with the Anglo American truck：kinetic(动⼒的)energy created through the process of regenerative braking(能量回收式制动).When an electric vehicle—be it the Anglo American truck,or the eDumper—rolls down a hill,that movement creates electrical energy for the battery as you brake.The electric motors power the car through the battery’s stored energy,but can also become mini generators that return some energy back to the battery.After Anglo American finishes test trials with the truck,the firm will conduct studies to understand how the truck’s power units can be used to provide energy storage in other applications.28.What can be known about“the eDumper”？A.It weighs more than290tons.B.It is powered by hydrogen fuel.C.It will no longer be the largest electric truck.D.It will discourage buyers for being expensive.29.What can be inferred from Craig Wilson’s words?A.Battery technology is the key to updating vehicles.B.Battery technology is the basis of manufacturing trucks.C.The development of the lithium－ion battery is limited.D.The future of the lithium－ion battery is promising.30.What is the benefit of adopting hydrogen fuel cells?A.It can save a lot of money.B.V ehicles become more eco－friendly.C.It has no environmental impact at all.D.V ehicles no longer need to be recharged.31.According to paragraph5，which of the following can be a feature of regenerative braking?A.Autonomous braking.B.Energy transformation.C.Simple operation.D.Zero－carbon emission.(2023·潍坊⾼三测试)Though researchers have long known that adults build an unconscious(⽆意识的)preference over a lifetime of making choices between things that are essentially the same,the new finding that even babies engage in this phenomenon demonstrates that this way of justifying choices is intuitive(直觉的)and somehow fundamental to the human experience.“The act of making a choice changes how we feel about our options，”said Alex Silver,a Johns Hopkins researcher.“Even infants who are really just at the start of making choices for themselves have this preference.”The findings are published today in the journal Psychological Science.People assume they choose things that they like.But research suggests that’s sometimes backward：We like things because we choose them.And,we dislike things that we don’t choose.“Adults make these inferences unconsciously，”said co－author Lisa Feigenson,a Johns Hopkins scientist in child development.“We justify our choice after the fact.”This makes sense for adults in a consumer culture who must make random choices every day, between everything from toothpaste brands to styles of jeans.The question is when people exactly start doing this.So they turned to babies,who don’t get many choices and so,as Feigenson puts it, are“a perfect window into the origin of this tendency”.The team brought10－to20－month－old babies into the lab and gave them a choice of objects to play with：two equally bright and colorful soft blocks.They set them far apart,so the babies had to crawl to one or the other—a random choice.After the baby chose one of the toys,the researchers took it away and came back with a new option.The babies could then pick from the toy they didn’t play with the first time,or a brand－new toy.Their choices showed they didn’t prefer the unchosen object.To continue studying the evolution of choices in babies,the lab will next look at the idea of“choice overload”.For adults,choices are good,but too many choices can be a problem,so the lab will try to determine if that is also true for babies.32.What is people’s assumption about the act of making choices?A.They like what they choose.B.They choose what they like.C.They base choices on the fact.D.They make choices thoughtfully.33.Why were babies selected as subjects for the study?A.To help them make better choices.B.To guide them to perceive the world.C.To track the root of making random choices.D.To deepen the understanding of a consumer culture.34.What does the study on the babies show?A.They like novel objects.B.Their choices are mostly based on colors.C.Their random choices become the preference.D.They are unable to make choices for themselves.35.What will the following study focus on?A.The law of“choice overload”.B.The problem of adults’many choices.C.Why too many choices can influence adults.D.Whether babies are troubled by many choices.Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·⽯家庄部分学校⾼三⼀模)Sixteen－year－old Corion Evans made a daring rescue to save three teenage girls.The16－year－old was hanging out with two__1__in a parking area near the Pascagoula River in July when a __2__with three teenage girls inside propelled off a boat ramp(斜坡)and into the river.It came to rest some20feet from land,then sank.Actually,the driver had__3__followed wrong directions from her GPS.It was around2：30am by the time Evans and brothers Karon and Caleb got to the river’s__4__.In the darkness,they could barely__5__the girls holding onto the roof，the only part of the car still，__6__，above water.But they could hear__7__.Evans took off his shirt and__8__，threw his phone down,then__9__into the water,a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄)called home.He helped the first girl he saw and,__10__her head above water,led her ashore.Just then,Police Officer Garry Mercer__11__.He dived into the river to help another of the __12__.But halfway back to shore,she__13__and went underwater,pulling Mercer down with her. Evans jumped back in the water and helped them get to the shore until they could stand.“If he hadn’t been there,who knows？”Mercer told The Washington Post.There was still one girl in the water.Cora Watson,19,could not swim.She was gulping(吞)water，__14__，struggling to stay afloat.“I heard Cora screaming‘Help！’and I thought she was done for，”Caleb told WLOX in Biloxi.Then,a jolt.“Corion had grabbed her.”The three girls and Officer Mercer were taken to the hospital and released.They’re alive because Corion Evans__15__his life to save them.1.A.friends B.brothersC.classmatesD.students2.A.truck B.boatC.carD.motorbike3.A.blindly B.stronglyC.generallyD.foolishly4.A.area B.centreC.mouthD.edge5.A.make out B.shout toC.calm downD.turn down6.A.approximately B.obviouslyC.barelyD.exactly7.A.whispering B.quarrelingC.screamingD.sobbing8.A.shoes B.sweaterC.socksD.scarf9.A.dropped B.divedC.ranD.sank10.A.pushing B.forcingC.keepingD.managing11.A.approved B.remainedC.recoveredD.arrived12.A.boys B.losersC.rescuersD.passengers13.A.coughed B.panickedC.faintedD.emerged14.A.wounded B.shockedC.abandonedD.scared15.A.confused B.followedC.riskedD.discoveredC篇Para.1：throne n.王位；皇位；(君王的)宝座give up放弃Para.2：sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利⽤的potential n.潜⼒；可能性adapt to适应D篇Para.1：essentially ad v.本质上，根本上demonstrate v.证明，证实，说明；表达fundamental adj.基础的，基本的Para.4：random adj.随意的，随机的make sense讲得通，有道理，有意义。

Ê®Æß º£ÉÏËѾÈ14.1 º£ÉÏËÑË÷[4601]______ the survivors known more of how to cope with cold water in the sinking of MV Titanic in 1912 countless lives ______.A. Have£¯could have been savedB. Have£¯could have savedC. Had£¯could has savedD. Had£¯could have been savedKEY: D[4602]A marker pole£¬with a horseshoe buoy and a sea anchor attached£¬should be used to ______.A. mark the position of a lost mooringB. determine your vessel's sideslip underwayC. determine your speed through the waterD. indicate location of a man overboardKEY: D[4603]A rescuer can most easily determine whether or not an adult victim has a pulse by checking the pulse at the ______.A. carotid artery in the neckB. femoral artery in the groinC. brachial artery in the armD. radial artery in the wristKEY: A[4604]A seaman has a small£¬gaping laceration of the arm that is not bleeding excessively. What can be done as an alternative to suturing to close the wound?A. Wrap a tight bandage around the wound.B. Apply a compression bandage.C. Use temporary stitches of sail twine.D. Apply butterfly strips£¬then a sterile dressing.KEY: D[4605]A seaman is reported missing in the morning and was last seen after coming off the mid-watch. Which type of turn would you use to return to the trackline steamed during the night?A. WilliamsonB. RacetrackC. 180turnD. AndersonKEY: A[4606]A ship must have on board a first-aid kit that is approved by the ______.A. Minerals Management ServiceB. Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationC. Mine Safety and Health AdministrationD. American Bureau of ShippingKEY: C[4607]A shipmate chokes suddenly£¬cannot speak£¬and starts to turn blue. You should ______.A. perform the Heimlich maneuverB. make the victim lie down with the feet elevated to get blood to the brainC. immediately administer CPRD. do nothing until the victim becomes unconsciousKEY: A[4608]A shipmate suffers a heart attack and stops breathing. You must ______.A. administer oxygenB. immediately check his pulse and start CPRC. make the victim comfortable in a bunkD. immediately give a stimulant£¬by force if necesssaryKEY: B[4609]A snag or other underwater obstruction may form a ______.A. V-shaped ripple with the point of the V pointing upstreamB. V-shaped ripple with the point of the V pointing downstreamC. small patch of smooth water on a windy dayD. smoothing out of the vessel's wakeKEY: A[4610]A survival craft being used to pick up a person who has fallen overboard from a vessel should approach the person ______.A. at a high rate of speedB. under oarsC. against the windD. with the windKEY: C[4611]A tourniquet should be used to control bleeding ONLY ______.A. with puncture woundsB. when all other means have failedC. when the victim is unconsciousD. to prevent bleeding from minor woundsKEY: B[4612]A tug is approaching a broken down steamer in moderately heavy weather preparing to take it in tow. In most cases the ______.A. steamer will drift stern downwindB. tug will drift faster than the steamerC. tug should approach stern toD. tug should approach from downwindKEY: D[4613]After you activate your emergency position indicating radiobeacon£¬you should ______.A. turn it off for five minutes every half-hourB. turn it off and on at five-minute intervalsC. turn it off during daylight hoursD. leave it on continuouslyKEY: D[4614]All casualties such as personnel injuries or illness£¬oil spills£¬accidental fire£¬collision£¬stranding£¬and unusually severe weather damage£¬whether at sea£¬in port£¬or in shipyard£¬must be promptly ______to the company.A. spokenB. saidC. toldD. communicatedKEY: D[4615]AN APPOINTMENT BETWEEN VESSELS NORMALLY MADE ON RADIO TO MEET IN A CERTAIN AREA OR POSITION defines ______.A. Bona fideB. Rendez-vousC. Prima facieD. Action in personamKEY: B[4616]An emergency sea anchor may be constructed by using ______.A. a boat bucketB. an air tank filled with waterC. an oar and canvas weighted downD. All of the aboveKEY: D[4617]An immersion suit must be equipped with a(n) ______.A. air bottle for breathingB. whistle and lightC. whistle£¬light£¬and reflective tapeD. whistle£¬light£¬and sea dye markerKEY: C[4618]If you see anybody fall overboard£¬act as follows except __________.A. tell an officer/crew the person's position in the water£¬or telephone the bridge immediatelyB. throw lifebuoys overboardC. call out "Man overboard" and keep your eyes on the person in the waterD. try to find medicine for the person to use when he is rescuedKEY: D[4619]If£¬for any reason£¬it is necessary to abandon ship while far out at sea£¬it is important that the crew members should ______.A. separate from each other as this will increase the chances of being rescuedB. get away from the area because sharks will be attracted to the vesselC. immediately head for the nearest landD. remain together in the area because rescuers will start searching at the vessel's last known positionKEY: D[4620]Immediately after abandoning a vessel£¬lookouts should be posted aboard liferafts to look for ______.A. survivors in the waterB. food and waterC. landD. bad weatherKEY: A[4621]In a racetrack turn£¬to recover a man overboard£¬the vessel is steadied for the SECOND time after a turn of how many degrees from the original heading?A. 60B. 135C. 180D. 360KEY: D[4622]In relation to the turning circle of a ship£¬the term advance means the distance ______.A. gained at right angles to the original courseB. gained in the direction of the original courseC. moved sidewise from the original course when the rudder is first put overD. around the circumference of the turning circleKEY: A[4623]Information on search and rescue procedures will be found in the ______.A. World Port IndexB. International Code of SignalsC. Sailing DirectionsD. Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual (MERSAR)KEY: D[4624]MOVING OF AN ANCHOR OVER THE SEA BOTTOM INVOLUNTARILY BECAUSE IT IS NO LONGER PREVENTING THE MOVEMENT OF THE VESSEL defines ______.A. Dredging (of anchor)B. Dragging (of anchor)C. Weighing anchorD. Walking out anchorKEY: B[4625]One of your crew members falls overboard from the starboard side. You should IMMEDIATELY ______.A. apply left rudderB. throw the crew member a life preserverC. begin backing your enginesD. position your vessel to windward and begin recoveryKEY: B[4626]The best method to secure a towline to bitts is to ______.A. take a round turn on the bitt farthest from the pull and use figure-eightsB. take a round turn on the bitt closest to the pull and use figure-eightsC. use figure-eights and take a round turn at the top of the bittsD. use only figure-eightsKEY: B[4627]The distance a vessel moves at right angles to the original course£¬when a turn of 180has been completed£¬is called the ______.A. advanceB. pivoting pointC. tactical diameterD. kickKEY: C[4628]The distance a vessel moves parallel to the original course from the point where the rudder is put over to any point on the turning circle is called the ______.A. advanceB. drift angleC. pivoting pointD. transferKEY: A[4629]The distance gained in the direction of the original course when you are making a turn is known as ______.A. advanceB. driftC. tactical diameterD. transferKEY: A[4630]The major cause of anchor buoy pendant wire failures is ______.A. corrosionB. rough weatherC. defective socketsD. mishandlingKEY: B[4631]The most likely location for a liquid cargo fire to occur on a tanker would be ______.A. in the midships houseB. at the main deck manifoldC. at the vent headerD. in the pumproomKEY: D[4632]The only type of helicopter that may be refueled with the engine running and the blades turning is ______.A. a helicopter carrying cargo onlyB. a turbine-equipped helicopterC. a SikorskyD. a helicopter carrying injured personnel in an emergency situationKEY: B[4633]The patrolman£¬while on duty on a passenger vessel£¬must have in his possession a(n) ______.A. nightstickB. flashlightC. passenger list showing assigned berthsD. A-I fire extinguisherKEY: B[4634]The signal for fire alarm on a ship must be indicated ______.A. at each alarm bellB. at each alarm actuatorC. near all exitsD. on the station billKEY: D[4635]The survival craft is manufactured with fire retardant ______.A. foamB. marine plywoodC. steelD. fiberglassKEY: D[4636]Upon receipt of a distress message£¬a merchant vessel is bound to proceed to the scene of the distress. Under which of the following cases would this NOT be true?A. The vessel would arrive at the distress scene more than 36 hours after the receipt of the initial distress message.B. There are vessels closer to the distress scene that are proceeding to assist.C. The Master of the vessel in distress has requisitioned another vessel£¬and that vessel has accepted the requisition.D. You are on a tanker and the distress involves a major fire on board the other vessel.KEY: C[4637]What is one of the FIRST actions you should take after abandoning and clearing away from a vessel?A. Identify the person in charge.B. Gather up useful floating objects.C. Prepare for arrival of rescue units.D. Arrange watches and duties.KEY: A[4638]What should you do if you have transmitted a distress call a number of times on channel 16 and have received no reply?A. Repeat the message using any other channel on which you might attract attention.B. Key the microphone several times before transmitting again.C. Turn up the volume on the receiver before transmitting again.D. Report the problem to the head electrician.KEY: A[4639]When evacuating a seaman by helicopter lift£¬the vessel should be ______.A. stopped with the wind dead aheadB. stopped with the wind on the beamC. underway with the wind 30on the bowD. underway on a course to provide no apparent windKEY: C[4640]When evacuating a seaman by helicopter lift£¬which course should the ship take?A. Downwind so that the apparent wind is close to nil.B. A course that will keep a free flow of air£¬clear of smoke£¬over the hoist area.C. A course that will have the hoist area in the lee of the superstructure.D. With the wind dead ahead because the helicopter is more maneuverable when going into the wind.KEY: B[4641]When evacuating a seaman by helicopter lift£¬which statement is TRUE?A. The vessel should be stopped with the wind dead ahead during the hoisting operation.B. Flags should be flown to provide a visual reference as to the direction of the apparent wind.C. The drop line should be grounded first then secured as close to the hoist point as possible.D. The hoist area should be located as far aft as possible so the pilot will have a visual reference while approaching.KEY: B[4642]When joining a vessel£¬do not forget personal documents and your spectacles£¬and ______ if necessary.A. drugB. remedyC. medicineD. healerKEY: C[4643]When jumping into water upon which there is an oil-fire£¬you should ______.A. break the water surface with your hands when diving head-firstB. use your hands to hold your knees to your chestC. cover your eyes with one hand while pinching your nose shut and covering your mouth with the otherD. enter the water at the bow or stern on the windward side of the vesselKEY: D[4644]When retrieving the survival craft£¬the winch operator should stop the winch and check ______.A. that all personnel are seated in the craftB. that the cable has not jumped any grooves on the drumC. which way the wind is blowingD. the hydraulic fluid level before liftingKEY: B[4645]Which condition is necessary for a substance to burn?A. The temperature of the substance must be equal to or above its fire point.B. The air must contain oxygen in sufficient quantity.C. The mixture of vapors with air must be within the explosive range.D. All of the aboveKEY: D[4646]Which is the proper method of determining whether a portable CO2 fire extinguisher needs recharging?A. Check the tag to see when the extinguisher was last charged.B. Release a small amount of CO2; if the CO2 discharges£¬the extinguisher is acceptable.C. Weigh the extinguisher and compare the weight against that stamped on the valve.D. Recharge the extinguisher at least once each year.KEY: C[4647]Which of the following is not a maritime perils£¿ ______.A. Stranding or grounding£®B. Striking upon rocks or shoalsC. Collision between shipsD. FireKEY: D[4648]Which of the following statements regarding low expansion foam and its application is INCORRECT£¿ ______.A. Foam should not be used on electrical firesB. One kilo of low expansion foam solution produces much more foam£®C. Foam is only efficient when it covers the top of burning combustibles£®D. A stream of foam should be deflected off the deck in order to best agitate the fireKEY: D[4649]Which procedure should be followed when individuals are rescued in cold climates and suffer from hypothermia?A. Give them brandy.B. Keep them in motion.C. Immerse them in a warm bath (105F£¬40C).D. Cover them with an electric blanket set for maximum temperature.KEY: C[4650]Which statement about firefighting foam is TRUE?A. Foam conducts electricity.B. To be most effective£¬foam should be directed at the base of the fire.C. Foam is most effective on burning liquids which are flowing.D. Foam can ONLY be used to extinguish class A fires.KEY: A14.2 º£ÉϾÈÖú[4651]As a vessel sinks to a depth of 15 feet£¬the hydrostatic trip releases the liferaft container from its cradle by ______.A. breaking the weak linkB. releasing the tie-down strapC. pulling the operating cordD. releasing the CO2 canisterKEY: B[4652]An inflatable liferaft should be manually released from its cradle by ______.A. cutting the straps that enclose the containerB. removing the rubber sealing strip from the containerC. loosening the turnbuckle on the securing strapD. pushing the button on the hydrostatic releaseKEY: D[4653]An inflatable liferaft is hand-launched by ______.A. pulling a cordB. cutting the wire restraining bandsC. removing the rubber packing stripD. throwing the entire container overboardKEY: D[4654]An inflatable liferaft can be launched by ______.A. the float-free method ONLYB. breaking the weak link on the painterC. throwing the entire container overboard and then pulling on the operating cord to inflate the raftD. removing the securing strapsKEY: C[4655]Progressive flooding may be indicated by ______.A. ballast control alarmsB. excessive draftC. excessive list or trimD. a continual worsening of list or trimKEY: D[4656]You are proceeding to a distress site and expect large numbers of people in the water. Which statement is TRUE?A. You should stop to windward of the survivors in the water and only use the ship's boats to recover the survivors.B. If the survivors are in inflatable rafts you should approach from windward to create a lee for the survivors.C. An inflatable liferaft secured alongside can be an effective boarding station for transfer of survivors from the boats.D. Survivors in the water should never be permitted alongside due to the possibility of injury from the vessel.KEY: C[4657]A breeches buoy is being rigged from the shore to a stranded vessel. The initial shot line passed to the vessel is normally made fast to a ______.A. hawser which is used to pass a tail-block and whip to the vesselB. hawser with breeches buoy and harness attachedC. hawser which should be made fast to the vessel below the intended location of the tail-blockD. tail-block and whip which may be used to pass a hawser to the vesselKEY: D[4658]A cable used by helicopters for lifting or lowering persons in a pick-up operation is a ______.A. HoistB. RopeC. CableD. LineKEY: A[4659]A capsized small sail vessel is best righted when what part of the vessel is downwind?A. SternB. BowC. CenterboardD. MastKEY: D[4660]A floating ship with an initial negative metacentric height ______.A. will capsizeB. will incline furtherC. may lie at an angle of lollD. may be initially levelKEY: C[4661]A helicopter making a round trip from a helideck with refueling capabilities to an unmanned platform will take 45 minutes each way. The helicopter should be carrying enough fuel to last ______.A. 45 minutesB. 1 hour and 15 minutesC. 1 hour and 30 minutesD. 2 hoursKEY: D[4662]A mechanical davit is designed to automatically ______.A. position the boat at the embarkation stationB. lift the boat off the inboard chocksC. energize the winch for the fallsD. set the brake on the winchKEY: B[4663]A minor heat burn of the eye should be treated by ______.A. gently flooding with waterB. warming the eye with moist warm packsC. laying the person flat on his backD. mineral oil drops directly on the eyeKEY: A[4664]A negative metacentric height ______.A. will always cause a vessel to capsizeB. should always be immediately correctedC. always results from off-center weightsD. All of the above are correctKEY: B[4665]A person has fallen overboard and is being picked up with a lifeboat. If the person appears in danger of drowning£¬the lifeboat should make ______.A. an approach from leewardB. an approach from windwardC. the most direct approachD. an approach across the windKEY: C[4666]A person has suffered a laceration of the arm. Severe bleeding has been controlled by using a sterile dressing and direct pressure. What should you do next?A. Apply a tourniquet to prevent the bleeding from restarting.B. Apply a pressure bandage over the dressing.C. Remove any small foreign matter and apply antiseptic.D. Administer fluids to assist the body in replacing the lost blood.KEY: B[4667]A person may operate an air compressor in which of the following areas on board a tank barge?A. PumproomB. Generator roomC. A space adjacent to a cargo tankD. A space two meters from a cargo valveKEY: B[4668]A person who gets battery acid in an eye should IMMEDIATELY wash the eye with ______.A. boric acid solutionB. waterC. baking soda solutionD. ammoniaKEY: B[4669]A person with diabetes has received a minor leg injured. The symptoms of the onset of a diabetic coma include ______.A. reduced appetite and thirstB. sneezing and coughingC. only a low grade feverD. slurred speech and loss of coordinationKEY: D[4670]A racetrack turn would be better than a Williamson turn in recovering a man overboard if ______.A. the man has been missing for a period of timeB. the sea water is very cold and the man is visibleC. there is thick fogD. the wind was from astern on the original courseKEY: B[4671]A rescuer can most easily determine whether or not an adult victim has a pulse by checking the pulse at the ______.A. carotid artery in the neckB. femoral artery in the groinC. brachial artery in the armD. radial artery in the wristKEY: A[4672]A right-handed propeller will cause the survival craft to ______.A. walk the stern to starboard in reverseB. walk the stern to port in reverseC. run faster than a left-handed propellerD. right itself if capsizedKEY: B[4673]A shipmate chokes suddenly£¬cannot speak£¬and starts to turn blue. You should ______.A. perform the Heimlich maneuverB. make the victim lie down with the feet elevated to get blood to the brainC. immediately administer CPRD. do nothing until the victim becomes unconsciousKEY: A[4674]A towline should be fastened to ______.A. the chocks at the bow of a towed vesselB. the most forward£¬centermost point of a towed vessel such asa sturdy bow railC. the mast of a towed sailboatD. a secure fitting near the bow of the towed vesselKEY: D[4675]Aboard a survival craft£¬ether can be used to ______.A. start the engine in cold weatherB. aid in helping personnel breatheC. prime the sprinkler systemD. prime the air supplyKEY: A[4676]AN ILLNESS PREFERABLY OF AN INFECTIOUS NATURE SEIZING MORE THAN TWO PERSONS ON BOARD AT THE SAME TIME defines ______.A. Disease of CrewB. Crew illnessC. Group illnessD. Mass diseaseKEY: D[4677]An obstruction on a helideck is any object that might present a hazard to the______.A. rotor blades and landing gearB. unloading of passengersC. loading of cargoD. pilot's visibilityKEY: A[4678]Any vessel in need of carrying out deck washing must be ______ by the department concerned beforehand£®A. requestedB. allowedC. approvedD. inquiredKEY: C[4679]For a ship not on an international voyage£¬an approved substitute for an impulse projected rocket-type line throwing appliance is a ______.A. spring loaded line throwerB. hand thrown buoyant lineC. shoulder-type line throwing gunD. heaving lineKEY: C[4680]If the coxswain of your lifeboat gives the command HOLD WATER you should ______.A. complete the stroke£¬raise your oar slightly£¬swinging the oar slightly forward£¬and place it in the boatB. lift the oar in a vertical positionC. complete the stroke and hold the oar out of the waterD. dip the blade of your oar into the water vertically and hold it perpendicular to the keel lineKEY: D[4681]If you have to jump in the water when abandoning a vessel£¬your legs should be ______.A. spread apart as far as possibleB. held as tightly against your chest as possibleC. in a kneeling positionD. extended straight down and crossed at the anklesKEY: D[4682]If you must land on a beach with an oar-propelled lifeboat through a heavy surf£¬the recommended method is to ______.A. keep the bow directly in toward the beach£¬and tow the sea anchor off the sternB. ride in on the back of a large breakerC. keep the bow into the seas with the sea anchor out over the bow£¬and row to meet the breaking wavesD. head directly into the beach by staying between the crests of the waves KEY: C[4683]In an open lifeboat£¬the lifeboat compass is usually ______.A. placed in a fixed bracket when being usedB. clamped to any position convenient for the coxswain to see itC. permanently mounted on the lifeboat's centerlineD. mounted in the center of the boat to eliminate deviationKEY: A[4684]In heavy seas the helmsman should steer the motor lifeboat ______.A. into the seasB. broadside to the seasC. in the same direction as the seasD. in a series of figure-eightsKEY: A[4685]In heavy seas you decide to heave to. The lifeboat should be ______.A. brought to a position with the stern into the seasB. allowed to take its own headC. brought to lay in the troughD. brought bow into the seasKEY: D[4686]In which situation could a vessel most easily capsize?A. Running into head seasB. Running in the troughC. Running with following seasD. Anchored with your bow into the seasKEY: B[4687]Inflatable liferafts are less maneuverable than lifeboats due to their ______.A. shapeB. shallow draftC. large sail areaD. All of the aboveKEY: D[4688]Large volumes of carbon dioxide are safe and effective for fighting fires in enclosed spaces£¬such as in a pumproom£¬provided that the ______.A. persons in the space wear gas masksB. persons in the space wear damp cloths over their mouths and nostrilsC. ventilation system is secured and all persons leave the spaceD. ventilation system is kept operatingKEY: C[4689]Multiple fire pumps may be used for other purposes provided that one pump is ______.A. on line to the fire mainB. kept available for use on the fire main at all timesC. capable of being connected to the fire mainD. rated at or above 125 psiKEY: B[4690]Oil fires are best extinguished by ______.A. cutting off the supply of oxygenB. removing the fuelC. cooling below the ignition temperatureD. spraying with waterKEY: A[4691]On a rigid liferaft which is equipped with all of the required equipment you may NOT find a ______.A. boathookB. fishing kitC. lifeline or grab railD. sea painterKEY: B[4692]On a ship£¬a fire pump may be used for other purposes if ______.A. the other services are run off a reducing station with a pressure gageB. a separate fire pump is available for use on the fire mainC. all other services are operated by a manifold near the pumpD. All of the aboveKEY: B[4693]On a vessel£¬if someone fell overboard and you did not know over which side the person fell£¬you should ______.A. immediately reverse the enginesB. stop the propellers from turning and throw a ring buoy over the sideC. increase speed to full to get the vessel away from the personD. first put the rudder hard over in either directionKEY: B[4694]Releasing oil from the sea anchor of a lifeboat may ______.A. keep the propeller from being fouledB. increase propeller speedC. help calm the waves in the vicinity of the craftD. increase the holding power of the sea anchorKEY: C[4695]Seasickness is caused by rolling or rocking motions which affect fluids in the ______.A. stomachB. lower intestinesC. inner earD. bladderKEY: C[4696]Separation cloths may be used to ______.A. absorb moisture from hygroscopic cargoesB. fill gaps between layers of cargoC. wrap cargo that leaks from packagingD. keep bagged cargo leakage from contacting the deckKEY: D[4697]Severe exposure to chlorine gas can be fatal. Chlorine gas is primarily a ______.A. respiratory irritantB. skin burning agentC. blood poisoning agentD. nerve paralyzing irritantKEY: A[4698]Steering a motor lifeboat broadside to the sea could cause it to ______.A. capsizeB. run smootherC. run fasterD. sinkKEY: A[4699]Steering a survival craft broadside to the sea could cause it to ______.A. capsizeB. run smootherC. run fasterD. sinkKEY: A[4700]Survival practice in the mooring system is to slack off the tensions on the leeward side and ______.A. deballast the unit to transit draftB. adjust as evenly as practical the windward tensionsC. release the anchors on the windward sideD. tighten the anchor buoys on the leeward side anchorsKEY: BÊ®°Ë º£ÉÏÏû·À18.1 ȼÉÕÓ뱬ը[4701]The emergency signal for fires is sounded on the ship's whistle and general alarm as ______ £®A. a continuous ringing for 10 secondsB. one short ring followed by one long ringC. two long rings of at least 20 secondsD. a continuous ringing until the fire is extinguishedKEY: A[4702]A carbon dioxide fire extinguisher should be recharged ______.A. at least annuallyB. whenever it is below its required weightC. only if the extinguisher has been usedD. before every safety inspectionKEY: B[4703]A carburetor is required to have a safety device called a(n) ______.A. pressure releaseB. backfire flame arrestorC. automatic shut off。

GCP-30 SeriesAPPLICATIONSThe GCP-30 Series genset control is designed to providetotal control for multiple, medium to large sizedapplications.A network of the compact, versatile GCP-30 controls iscapable of controlling up to 14 gensets with automaticsequencing. Load management features includeautomatic base loading/peak shaving, import/exportcontrol and emergency power/back up power generation.The GCP-31 has logic for one circuit breaker and theSPECIFICATIONS (for more information see manual 37364)Accuracy .......................................................................................... C lass 1 Power supply ....................................................... 12/24 Vdc (9.5 to 32 Vdc) Intrinsic consumption .................................................................. m ax. 20 W Ambient temperature Operation............................. -20 to 70 °C Storage ................................ -30 to 80 °C Ambient humidity ...................................................... 95 %, non-condensing Voltage ................. Rated /∆: [1] 66/115 Vac or [4] 230/400 VacV ph-ph max. (UL): [1] 150 Vacor [4] 300 Vac Rated V ph-ground : [1] 150 Vacor [4] 300 Vac Rated surge voltage: [1] 2.5 kV or [4] 4.0 kV Setting range (prim.): 0.050 to 65.000 kVac Measuring frequency ................................................ 50/60 Hz (40 to 70 Hz) Linear measuring range up to ....................................................... 1.3×V rated Input resistance ..................................................... [1] 0.21 M Ω, [4] 0.7 M Ω Max. power consumption per path ................................................ < 0.15 W Current (rated values; I rated ) ................................................................ ../5 A Linear measuring range up to ............................................... I gen = 3.0×I rated I mains = 1.5×I rated Load ............................................................................................. < 0.15 VA Rated short-time current (1 s) ......................................................... 10×I rated Discrete inputs .............................................................................. isolated Input range ............................................................. 12/24 Vdc (6 to 32 Vdc) Input resistance .................................................................... a pprox. 6.8 k Ω Analog inputs .................................................................... f reely scaleable Type ................................................................... 0/4 to 20 mA, Pt100, VDO Resolution ........................................................................................... 10 BitRelay outputs ........................................................................ p otential freeContact material ............................................................................... A gCdO Load (GP) ...................................................................... 2.00 Aac@250 Vac 2.00 Adc@24 Vdc / 0.36 Adc@125 Vdc / 0.18 Adc@250 Vdc Pilot duty (PD) .............................................................................................. 1.00 Adc@24 Vdc / 0.22 Adc@125 Vdc / 0.10 Adc@250 Vdc Analog outputs .............................................................................. isolated Type ............................................................. 0/4 to 20 mA, freely scaleable Resolution .................................................... 8/12 Bit (depending on model) Max. load 0/4 to 20 mA ..................................................................... 500 Ω Insulating voltage ......................................................................... 1,500 Vdc Housing ...................................................... T ype APRANORM DIN 43 700 Dimensions ..................................................................... 144×144×118 mm Front cutout .......................................................... 138[+1.0]×138[+1.0] mm Connection ................................................ screw/plug terminals depending on connector 1.5 mm² or 2.5 mm² Front ................................................................................. i nsulating surface Protection system .................................................. with correct installation Front ................................................. IP42(sealed IP54; gasket kit = P/N 8923-1039)Back ................................................. IP21 Weight ............................................ depending on version, approx. 1,000 g Disturbance test (CE) .......... t ested according to applicable EN guidelines Listings ................................................. UL/cUL listed (File No.: E231544)DIMENSIONS2002-11-21 | GCP30-AMG2 Dimensions g2ww-4702-ab.skfAPPLICATIONSTypical application for the GCP-32 (GCP-31 same but without MCB)WIRING DIAGRAM(example: GCP-32/XPQ+SC10; for more information see manual 37364)International Woodward PO Box 1519Fort Collins CO, USA 80522-15191000 East Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 Ph: +1 (970) 498-3634 Fax: +1 (970) 498-3058 email:*****************************EuropeWoodward GmbH Handwerkstrasse 29 70565 Stuttgart, Germany Ph: +49 (0) 711 789 54-510 Fax: +49 (0) 711 789 54-101 email:**************************Distributors & ServiceWoodward has an international network of distributors and service facilities. For yournearest representative, call the Fort Collins plant or see the Worldwide Directory on our website.Subject to technical modifications.This document is distributed for informational purposes only. It is not to be construed as creating or becoming part of any Woodward Governor Company contractual or warranty obligation unless expressly stated in a written sales contract.We appreciate your comments about the content of our publications.Please send comments including the document number below to *********************© WoodwardAll Rights Reserved03240J - 2012/9/StuttgartFEATURES OVERVIEW#2 In isolated parallel operation with min. 2 gensets in parallel #3 Cable incl. software necessary (DPC; P/N 5417-557)#4 n = speed; f = frequency; V = voltage, P = real power; Q = reactive power#5 +/-20 mA and +/-10 Vdc and PWM signal (type and range configurable); bias/discrete setpoint via relay manager#6 [T1]-[T3] = 0/4 to 20 mA, [T4]/[T5] = Pt100, [T6] = VDO 0 to 180ohm, [T7] = VDO 0 to 380ohm; function of 20 mA inputs is configurable between alarm input, remote setpoint value for generator real power, mains import/export real power measuring value; others upon request#7 Remote monitoring, control, configuration (GW 4 could be used for several interfaces; refer to product specs 37170 / manual 37360)#8 CAN bus connection to IKD1, mtu MDEC, mtu ADEC, Volvo EMS2, Scania EMS/S6, CAN SAE J1939 and/or ST3 (configurable; refer to manual 37382) #9 RS-232 connection via Caterpillar CCM to Caterpillar EMCP-II, and ECM (configurable; refer to manual 37200) #10External unit LS 4 (refer to product specs 37167 / manual 37105)。