38586568_Modbus_TCP_Kopplung_Doku_v11_e[1]

什么是动态端⼝（DynamicPorts）？动态端⼝的范围是多少？动态端⼝不固定分配某种服务⽽动态分配的端⼝，动态分配是指当⼀个系统进程或应⽤程序进程需要⽹络通信时，它向主机申请⼀个端⼝，主机从可⽤的端⼝号中分配⼀个供它使⽤。

当这个进程关闭时，同时也就释放了所占⽤的端⼝号。

动态端⼝的范围是从1024到65535。

计算机端⼝可分为3⼤类：　1) 公认端⼝(Well Known Ports):从0到1023，它们紧密绑定于⼀些服务。

通常这些端⼝的通讯明确表明了某种服务的协议。

例如:80端⼝实际上总是HTTP通讯。

　　2) 注册端⼝(Registered Ports):从1024到49151。

它们松散地绑定于⼀些服务。

也就是说有许多服务绑定于这些端⼝，这些端⼝同样⽤于许多其它⽬的。

例如:许多系统处理动态端⼝从1024左右开始。

3) 动态和/或私有端⼝(Dynamic and/or Private Ports):从49152到65535。

理论上，不应为服务分配这些端⼝。

实际上，机器通常从1024起分配动态端⼝。

但也有例外:SUN的RPC端⼝从32768开始。

（1）1～1024是规定好的端⼝号，不可⾃定义。

21端⼝：FTP ⽂件传输服务22端⼝：SSH 远程连接服务23端⼝：TELNET 终端仿真服务25端⼝：SMTP 简单邮件传输服务53端⼝：DNS 域名解析服务80端⼝：HTTP 超⽂本传输服务TCP 135=微软DCE RPC end-point mapper服务 TCP 137=微软Netbios Name服务(⽹上邻居传输⽂件使⽤) TCP 138=微软Netbios Name服务(⽹上邻居传输⽂件使⽤) TCP 139=微软Netbios Name服务(⽤于⽂件及打印机共享)443端⼝：HTTPS 加密的超⽂本传输服务TCP 110=电⼦邮件(Pop3),ProMail（2）1025～65535的端⼝被称为动态端⼝，可⽤来建⽴与其它主机的会话，也可由⽤户⾃定义⽤途。

CM1N9222en_192022-05-11Smart Infrastructures92229222P 01Desigo™ PXAutomation stations modular seriesPXC....D PXC...-E.D PXA40-…∙Freely programmable modular automation stations for HVAC and building services plants.∙Communications – BACnet/IP– BACnet/LonTalk∙BTL label (BACnet communications is BTL tested)∙Comprehensive management and system functions (alarm management,time schedules, trends, access protection, etc.)∙Connection of TX-I/O modules with any data point mix∙Connection of TX Open modules for the integration of third-party devices ∙Integration of L ON M ARK ®-compatible devices ∙Integrated web server for generic operation∙For stand-alone applications, or for use within a device or system network ∙Scalable range of touch panels and local and remote operating devicesValidityThis data sheet is valid for firmware Desigo V6.1 and higher.For older devices / firmware see data sheet CM1N9222en_13.FunctionsModular, freely programmable automation stations for HVAC and building controlsystems.∙Management functions (alarm management with alarm routing, schedulers,trend functions, remote management, access protection with individually defineduser profiles and categories).∙For stand-alone applications or for use within a device or system network.∙BTL-tested BACnet communications on LonTalk, PTP or IP, compliant withBACnet standard (Rev. 1.12 -for Desigo V6.0 and later) including B-BC profile.∙AMEV profiles AS-A and AS-B to recommendation "BACnet 2011 - Version 1.2(for Desigo V6.0 and later)".∙Freely programmable, using the D-MAP programming language (closeresemblance to CEN standard 11312). All function blocks, available in libraries,can be graphically connected.∙Engineering and commissioning using the Desigo Xworks Plus tool.∙Connection of field devices to a customized mix of TX-I/O modules.∙Connection of installed PTM-I/O modules – the perfect solution to migrate legacysystems.∙Connection of TX Open modules to integrate third-party devices such asvariable speed drives, pumps or energy counters.∙Connection of detached I/O islands with integration.∙Connection of LonMark® compatible devices∙Low voltage protection and start-up management to protect the devices againstfluctuating voltage.∙Scalable range of touch panels, Web solutions and operator units.Modular automation station with connected TX-I/O modulesOverview of automation stations – modular seriesConnection of TX-I/O modules, TX Open modules, PTM-I/O modules via PXX-PBUS and LonWorks devices via PXX-L11/12.Activation of generic Web operation with PXA40-W1BACnet/IP PXC00-E.D PXC50-E.D PXC100-E.D PXC200-E.DBACnet/LonTalk PXC00.D PXC50.D PXC100.D PXC200.DNumber of physical data–80200350points TX-I/ONumber of TX Open–555Modules for e.g. Modbus,M-BusNumber of data points–4006001000(TX-I/O and TX Open)Number LonWorks60 or 120 1060 or 1201)60 or 1201)Devices via PXX-Lx1)In concurrent use with TX-I/O modules, the number of devices is reduced inrelation to capacityExtension capabilities of the automation stationsTXM1.. : The flexible range of TX-I/O modules for signaling, measuring,counting, switching, and positioning. The I/O modules with local manual control on the module housing permit the operator to control the equipment manually directly from the cabinet.TX-I/O devices 1)TypeData sheet Digital input module 8 or 16 I/O points TXM1.8D,TXM1.16D CM2N8172Universal module without / with local operation and LCDTXM1.8U,TXM1.8U-ML CM2N8173Super universal mod. without / with local operation and LCD TXM1.8X,TXM1.8X-ML CM2N8174Relay module without / with local operationTXM1.6R,TXM1.6R-M CM2N8175Resistance measuring module (for Pt100 4-wire)TXM1.8P CM2N8176Relay module bistable TXM1.6RL CM2N8177Triac moduleTXM1.8T CM2N8179Power supply module 1.2 A, Fused 10A TXS1.12F10CM2N8183Bus interface module,Fused 10ATXS1.EF10CM2N81831)TXM1... und TX Open modules require TXS1.12F10power supply modules.TX Open : Flexible TX Open platform to integrate third-party systems anddevices such as Modbus or M-Bus. Tested integrations solutions and appli-cations based on our large know how.TX Open devices 1)TypeData sheet TX Open module up to 40 data points TXI2-S.OPEN CM1N8187TX Open moduleup to 160 data pointsTXI2.OPEN CM1N81871)TXM1... und TX Open modules require TXS1.12F10power supply modules.PXX-L11/12.. : Extension modules allow for flexibly connecting LonWorksdevices such as room controllers and third- party devices.PXX-.. devices 2)Type Data sheet Integration of max. 60 devices (PXC50..D: max. 10 devices)PXX-L11CM1N9282Integration of max. 120 devices (PXC50..D: max. 10 devices)PXX-L12CM1N92822)A high number of LonWorks devices reduces the performance of the PXC for connected TX-I/O or PTM-I/O data points respectively.PXX-PBUS : The extension module allows connecting installed PTM-I/Omodules to PXC50/100/200…D automation stations, making them the perfect solution to migrate legacy systems.PXX-.. device Type Data sheet PBUS extension module PXX-PBUS CM1N9283Note:One supply module TXS1.12F10 is required as bus supply for the P-bus for each P-bus strand. A TXS1.12F10 can supply max. 64 load units (1 LU = 12.5 mA, DC 24 V)Limits of the PXX-PBUS extension module:∙DB (Function blocks instances): 1500∙Trends: 100∙Local BACnet references. 100To prevent high cycle times of the PXX-PBUS extension module:∙Only use PXC100-(E).D controllers together with PXX PBUS; do not use PXC 200 controllers.∙Do not connect PXX-L11 or PXX-L12 or PX Web modules (WO-W2) together with PXX-PBUS on the same controller.∙Do not use WebServer functionality on PXC, when using PXX-PBUS.∙Do not extend existing applications from PXC128-U or PXC64-U with new functionality.TXA1.IBE : Remote IO Islands with IntegrationEasy to use solution via simple adapter for remote TX-I/O and TX Open. No programming/ parameterization required.Device Type Data sheet Island bus expansion module TXA1.IBE CM2N8184Device combinations with the automation stationsDesigo Control PointDeviceType Data sheet BACnet touch panels with integrateddata management and web serverfunctionality:7.0 "10.1 ", 15.6 "PXM30.EPXM40.E, PXM50.EA6V10933111A6V10933114 BACnet/IP web server with standardfunctionalityBACnet/IP web server with enhancedfunctionalityPXG3.W100-1PXG3.W200-1A6V10808336Client touch panels with datamanagement in the PXG3.Wx00-1web server7.0 "10.1 ", 15.6 "PXM30-1PXM40-1,PXM50-1A6V10933111A6V10933114 Operator units for automation stationsType Data sheet Local operating unit PXM10CM1N9230 Network operator unit in aBACnet/IP network1)PXM20-E CM1N9234Network operator unit in aBACnet/LonTalk network1)PXM20CA1N9231Cable (3 m) between PXM10 orPXM20 and PXC....DPXA-C1--1) In the case of a PXC....D automation station, one PXM10 and one PXM20operator unit may be connected, but not twice the same type.AccessoryAdapter for Firmware download PXA-C2Mechanical designThe compact construction enables the automation stations to be mounted on astandard mounting rail.PXC....D5671Plastic housing2Cover to interface for extension module3Front cover or PXM40-W1 option module4Plug-in terminal block with screw terminals (operating voltage)5Interface for network, operator units, tool, etc.6LED display for devices and system status7Island bus connector (not on PXC00…)8Slider for mounting on DIN rail9Battery for real time clock (Lithium Type CR2032 or optionally BR2032):Backup during power breakdown.10Battery for trend data and present parameters (Lithium Type FR6/AA):Backup during power breakdown.11Reset pin: Pressing the pin forces a restart.12Firmware pin: If the pin is pressed during restart (reset), the present DMAPprogram is deleted from the FLASH.13Service pin: To identify the automation station in the IP network / LonWorksnetwork during commissioning.1)If one of the batteries has low charge the "BAT" LED lights up ant the automation station sends a system event.Remaining battery life after a "Low batt" event:∙ Battery for real time clock (Type CR2032 or optionally BR2032): several days.∙ Battery for trend data and present parameters (Type AA Lithium): approx. 15hrs. Alkaline: several days.∙ As long as there is an external power supply, the battery may be removed for unlimited time.∙ To prevent hardware damage by electrostatic discharge (ESD), a wrist strap with earth cable must be used during the battery change.∙ Note the special disposal notes on Li batteries.∙ Devices Series A: Do not replace an alkaline battery with a Lithium battery!*)Wink command pattern:9222z02Battery changeSTOPCaution!Technical dataGeneral device data Operating voltage AC 24 V ± 20% (SELV / PELV) orAC 24 V class 2 (US)Safety extra-low voltage SELV orExtra-low voltage PELVHD 384Operating frequency50/60 HzEnergy consumption Max. 24 VA (same for all types)Internal fuse 5 AOperating data Processor Motorola Power PC MPC885Storage64MB SDRAM / 32MB FLASH(96MB total)Accuracy class0.5Data backup in event of power failure Battery Backup of realtime clock∙Lithium Type CR2032 (optionallyBR2032) (field replaceable)Battery operation (cumulative): 10 yearsWithout load: 10 yearsBattery Backup of SDRAM 1x AA:(field replaceable)∙Lithium Type FR6/AA:Devices series B and later∙Alkaline: Devices series BBattery operation (cumulative): min. 2 weeksWithout load: Lithium 10 yearsWithout load: Alkaline 4 yearsCommunication interfaces PXC....D PXC...-E.DBuilding Level Network L ON W ORKS FTT Transceiver(screw terminals(B))10 Base-T / 100 Base-TX IEEE802.3, Auto-sensing (RJ45(D))Local communication (HMI) (RJ45(C))∙PXM20 (BACnet/LonTalk) *) Connection cable max. 3 mLocal communication (HMI, Tool) (RJ45(E))∙PXM10 (serial)∙PXM20 (BACnet/LonTalk) *)∙FW Download Tool Connection cable max. 3 mLocal communication (HMI) (RJ45(G))∙PXM10 (serial)Connection cable max. 3 m∙PXM10 (serial)Connection cable max. 3 mUSB host interface (Modem)∙RS232 modem (via USB-RS232adapter PXA-C3)∙RS232 modem (via USB-RS232adapter PXA-C3)USB device interface(for future applications)(for future applications)Ethernet interfaceInterface type100BaseTX, IEEE 802.3 compatible Bit rate10 / 100 MBit/s, autosensingProtocol BACnet on UDP/IPPin RJ45 socket, screenedL ON W ORKS bus interfaceNetwork TP/FT-10Baud rate78 kBit/sProtocol BACnetInterface chip Echelon Processor TMPN3150B1AFIsland bus interface (CD, CS )Protection Short-circuit proof Short-circuit proof*) only ONE PXM20 per automation stationPlug-in screw terminal Power supply, bus, signals Solid or stranded conductors0.25…2.5 mm2 or 2 x 1.5 mm2Simple cable lengths, cable types (see Installation Guide PX, CA110396)Connection cable Ethernet and PXM20-E Max. 100 mCable type Standard at least CAT5UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)or STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) Connection cable L ON W ORKS bus See Installation Guide CA110396 Cable type CAT5Connection cable PXM10Max. 3 mConnection cables for island bus See CM110562Protection data Housing protection standard IP 20 to EN 60529Protection class III to EN 60730-1Ambient conditions Normal operation To IEC 60721-3-3Environmental conditions Class 3K5Temperature0...50 °CHumidity5…95 % r.h. (non-condensing)Mechanical conditions Class 3M2Transport To IEC 60721-3-2Environmental conditions Class 2K3Temperature-25…70 °CHumidity5…95 % r.h. (non-condensing)Mechanical conditions Class 2M2Standards, guidelines and approvals Product standard EN 60730-1Automatic electrical controls forhousehold and similar useProduct family standard EN 50491-x General requirements for Home andBuilding Electronic Systems (HBES)and Building Automation and ControlSystems (BACS)Electromagnetic compatibility (Applications) For use in residential, commerce,light-industrial and industrialenvironmentsEU conformity (CE)CM1T9222xx *)UL certification (US)UL916/FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Class BRCM-conformity (EMC)CM1T9222en_C1 *)EAC conformity Eurasia conrformityAMEV: Supports profiles AS-A and AS-B asof AMEV guideline "BACnet in publicbuildings"BACnet 2011 en, V1.1Environmental compatibility Product environmental declaration (containsdata on RoHS compliance, materials compo-sition, packaging, environmental benefit,disposal)CM1E9222 *)Dimensions See “Dimensions”Weight Excluding packaging With packagingAll types0,489 kg0,531 kg*) The documents can be downloaded from /bt/download.Connection terminals and interfacesPXC....DPXC...-E.D1, 224 V ~, Operating voltage AC 24 VPlug-in screw terminal block 3Functional ground(A)USB host interface (for modem via PXA-C3 adapter cable)4,5 (B) CLA, CLB L ON W ORKS bus Plug-in screw terminal blocks(C)HMI RJ45 interface (L ON W ORKS) for operator unit PXM20 (tool as well)(D)RJ45 interface for Ethernet(Operator unit PXM20-E can be connected to hub/switch)(E)HMI / Tool RJ45 interface (L ON W ORKS and serial) for PXM10, PXM20 and tool(F)USB device interface (for future applications)(G)HMI RJ45 interface (serial) for operator unit PXM10Pin assignment for RJ45 plugPin descriptionPin description9222z 128 7 6 5 4 3 2 11. L ON W ORKS Data A (CLA)2. L ON W ORKS Data B (CLB)3. G0 / GND4.G / Plus5. Unused6. Unused7. Unused8.UnusedRJ45 socket screened, standard connection in accordance with AT&T2569222z 128 7 6 5 4 3 2 11. Tx+2. Tx –3. Rx +4.Unused5. Unused6. Rx –7. Unused8.Unused9222z 128 7 6 5 4 3 2 11. L ON W ORKS Data A (CLA)2. L ON W ORKS Data B (CLB)3. GND4.+24 V max. 300 mA (PXM20)5. Unused6. Unused7. COM1 / TxD 8. COM1 / RxD9222z 128 7 6 5 4 3 2 11. unused2. unused3. G0 / GND4. G / Plus5. Unused6. *)7. COM1/TxD 8. COM1/RxD*) 6Unused(PXC….D)Connected to pin 8(PXC…-E.D)Connection diagramsSee Planning and Installation Guide TX-I/O, CM110562.Plug (C)"HMI" (L ON W ORKS )Plug (D)EthernetPlug (E)"HMI / Tool"(L ON W ORKS and serial)Plug (G)"HMI" (serial)Connecting TX-I/O modules and field devicesDimensionsAll dimensions in mmAutomation stations, system controllers PXC….DDisposalThe device is considered electrical and electronic equipment for disposal interms of the applicable European Directive and may not be disposed of asdomestic garbage.∙Dispose of the device through channels provided for this purpose.∙Comply with all local and currently applicable laws and regulations.∙Dispose of empty batteries in designated collection points.Lithium batteries: May catch fire, explode or leak. Do not short circuit,charge, disassemble, dispose of in fire, heat above 100 °C, or expose towater.Disposal: Seal battery terminals with tape.Issued by:Siemens Switzerland Ltd Smart Infrastructure Global Headquarters Theilerstrasse 1aCH-6300 Zug+41 58 724-2424/buildingtechnologies© Siemens Switzerland Ltd 2009 Delivery and technical specifications subject to change。

muduo example 解析Muduo是一个基于C++的高性能网络库，用于开发服务器应用程序。

它提供了一些示例来演示如何使用Muduo库来构建网络应用。

下面是一个简要的Muduo示例解析：1.Echo Server 示例：Echo Server示例是Muduo中的一个典型示例，它展示了如何创建一个简单的回显服务器。

回显服务器会将客户端发送的数据原样回传给客户端。

示例中涉及的主要步骤如下：o创建TcpServer对象，并设置回调函数，用于处理连接、读取和写入事件。

o在回调函数中，接收客户端数据并通过连接发送回客户端。

o启动事件循环，等待事件的发生。

2.Timer 示例：Timer示例演示了如何使用Muduo创建定时器，以在指定的时间间隔执行某些操作。

示例中涉及的主要步骤如下：o创建EventLoop对象。

o使用EventLoop的runEvery()方法创建一个定时器，指定定时器的间隔和回调函数。

o启动事件循环，定时器会在指定的时间间隔内周期性触发回调函数。

3.HTTP 示例：HTTP示例展示了如何使用Muduo库创建一个简单的HTTP服务器，用于处理HTTP请求。

示例中涉及的主要步骤如下：o创建HttpServer对象，并设置回调函数，用于处理HTTP请求。

o在回调函数中，解析HTTP请求，处理请求内容，构建HTTP响应并发送给客户端。

o启动事件循环，等待HTTP请求的到来。

这些示例只是Muduo库中的一小部分，它们演示了如何使用Muduo来处理网络编程中的一些常见任务，如构建服务器、处理定时器和处理HTTP请求。

在实际使用中，你可以根据自己的需求和业务逻辑来进一步扩展和定制这些示例。

要详细了解每个示例的代码和实现细节，建议查阅Muduo的官方文档和源代码。

Send packets with tcpreplay
1 tcpreplay 编译安装
①下载tcpreplay源码包，如：tcpreplay-3.4.3.tar.gz
Tcpreplay的源码安装包可以在/上下载到②解压缩
#tar zvxf tcpreplay-3.3.0.tar.gz
③安装
#./configure
#make && make install
PS:Tcpreplay 需要库libpcap，如果提示libpcap not found，则需要手动安装libpcap，方法同上
2 tcpreplay的使用
①使用wireshark获取一个http数据包，保存文件in.pcap
②生成cache文件
#tcpprep -a client -i in.pcap -o in.cach
③改写数据（源、目的MAC）深处out.pcap
#tcprewrite --enet-smac=B0:51:8E:02:E5:B6 --enet-dmac=B0:51:8E:02:E5:B7 -i in.pcap -c in.cach -o out.pcap PS:请根据情况自己决定源、目的
④发送数据1000次
1 / 2
#tcpreplay --loop=1000 -c in.cach -i eth1 out.pcap
PS：tcpreplay使用可以参考/wiki/tcpreplay
友情提示：范文可能无法思考和涵盖全面，供参考!最好找专业人士起草或审核后使用，感谢您的下载！。

libvirtd ethtool ioctl errorLibvirtd Ethtool Ioctl Error: Troubleshooting GuideIntroduction:The libvirtd Ethtool Ioctl Error is a common issue that occurs when using libvirtd, a daemon for managing virtualization technologies such as KVM and QEMU. This error is related to the ethtool ioctl system call and can prevent proper network interface configuration.In this article, we will provide a step-by-step troubleshooting guide to help you resolve the libvirtd Ethtool Ioctl Error.Step 1: Understand the Error:The first step in troubleshooting any issue is understanding the problem. The libvirtd Ethtool Ioctl Error indicates that libvirtd is unable to perform an ioctl operation on a network interface using the ethtool command. This can result in failed network interface configuration and connectivity issues for virtual machines.Step 2: Check System Requirements:Before proceeding with troubleshooting, ensure that your systemmeets the necessary requirements for libvirtd and ethtool. Verify that you have the latest versions of libvirtd and ethtool installed. You can use package managers like yum or apt-get to update the packages.Step 3: Verify Network Interface Configuration:Next, check the network interface configuration in libvirtd. You can do this by running the command:virsh net-listThis will provide a list of network interfaces managed by libvirtd. Ensure that the network interfaces are correctly defined and that there are no typos or errors in the configuration file.Step 4: Check Network Interface Drivers:The Ethtool Ioctl Error can occur due to incompatible or outdated network interface drivers. Verify that you have the latest drivers for your network interface card (NIC) installed. You can check the NIC information using the command:ethtool -i [interface]Replace [interface] with the name of the network interface causing the error. Update the drivers if necessary.Step 5: Check for Hardware Issues:Sometimes, the Ethtool Ioctl Error can be a result of hardware issues with the network interface card. Check for any physical damage or loose connections. Additionally, make sure that the NIC is properly seated in the motherboard slot.Step 6: Disable Secure Boot:If your system has Secure Boot enabled, it may prevent the loading of unsigned or third-party drivers, causing the Ethtool Ioctl Error. Try disabling Secure Boot in your system's BIOS settings and see if it resolves the issue. However, keep in mind that disabling Secure Boot may have security implications, so proceed with caution.Step 7: Reinstall libvirtd and ethtool:If none of the above steps resolve the issue, you can consider reinstalling libvirtd and ethtool. This can help to fix any corrupted or missing files that may be causing the error. Uninstall both packages and then reinstall them using your package manager.Step 8: Seek Community Support:If you have exhausted all the troubleshooting steps and the Ethtool Ioctl Error persists, it may be helpful to seek support from the community. Post your issue on relevant forums or discussion boards and provide detailed information about your system, error messages, and any steps you've already taken to troubleshoot.Conclusion:The libvirtd Ethtool Ioctl Error can be a challenging problem to troubleshoot, but following the steps outlined in this guide should help you resolve the issue. Understanding the error, checking system requirements, verifying network interface configuration, updating drivers, checking for hardware issues, disabling Secure Boot if necessary, and reinstalling relevant software are all important steps towards resolving the problem. If all else fails, seeking assistance from the community can provide additional insights and solutions.。

MGate MB3660Series8and16-port redundant Modbus gatewaysFeatures and Benefits•Supports Auto Device Routing for easy configuration•Supports route by TCP port or IP address for flexible deployment•Innovative Command Learning for improving system performance•Supports agent mode for high performance through active and parallelpolling of serial devices•Supports Modbus serial master to Modbus serial slave communications•2Ethernet ports with the same IP or dual IP addresses for networkredundancy•SD card for configuration backup/duplication and event logs•Accessed by up to256Modbus TCP clients•Connects up to Modbus128TCP servers•RJ45serial interface(for“-J”models)•Serial port with2kV isolation protection(for“-I”models)•Dual VDC or VAC power inputs with wide power input range•Embedded traffic monitoring/diagnostic information for easy troubleshooting•Status monitoring and fault protection for easy maintenanceCertificationsIntroductionThe MGate MB3660(MB3660-8and MB3660-16)gateways are redundant Modbus gateways that convert between the Modbus TCP and Modbus RTU/ASCII protocols.They can be accessed by up to256TCP master/client devices,or connect to128TCP slave/server devices.Routing through the serial ports can be controlled by IP address,TCP port number,or ID mapping.Serial-port routing by designated TCP port and IP address allows access for up to4TCP clients/masters,while routing by ID mapping(slave ID table)allows access for up to256TCP clients/masters.The MGate MB3660isolation model provides2-kV isolation protection suitable for power substation applications.The MGate MB3660gateways are designed to easily integrate Modbus TCP and RTU/ASCII networks.The MGate MB3660gateways offer features that make network integration easy,customizable,and compatible with almost any Modbus network.For large-scale Modbus deployments,MGate MB3660gateways can effectively connect a large number of Modbus nodes to the same network. The MB3660Series can physically manage up to248serial slave nodes for8-port models or496serial slave nodes for16-port models(the Modbus standard only defines Modbus IDs from1to247).Each RS-232/422/485serial port can be configured individually for Modbus RTU or Modbus ASCII operation and for different baudrates,allowing both types of networks to be integrated with Modbus TCP through one Modbus gateway. High Performance with Innovative Command LearningThe MGate MB3660gateways support two communication modes:transparent mode and agent mode.For transparent mode,the gateway converts Modbus commands from Modbus TCP to Modbus RTU/ASCII,and vice versa,or from serial(master)to serial(slave).However,since only one Modbus protocol request-response action can be executed at any given time,each Modbus device has to wait its turn,resulting in poorer performance.In order to provide better performance,the MGate MB3660gateways are designed with an innovative Command Learning function,which can be activated with a single mouse click.Once activated,the gateway will learn and remember the Modbus commands it receives,and once a command has been learned,the gateway will act as though it were in agent mode,and actively send Modbus requests to the relevant Modbus devices.Since the data is saved in a different memory space that can be accessed by the SCADA system,the SCADA system can retrieve Modbus response data directly from the gateway’s memory,instead of waiting for the data to pass through the Modbus devices,dramatically increasing communication performance.Auto-Device Routing for Easy ConfigurationMoxa’s Auto-Device Routing function helps eliminate many of the problems and inconveniences encountered by engineers who need to configure large numbers of Modbus devices.A single mouse click is all that’s required to set up a slave ID routing table and configure Modbus gateways to automatically detect Modbus requests from a supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA)system.By removing the need to manually create the slave ID routing table,the Auto-Device Routing function saves engineers significant time and reduces cost.Modbus Gateway with Power and Ethernet RedundancyFor a complicated Modbus system,redundancy is extremely important.The MGate MB3660Modbus gateways support redundancy for both the power input and Ethernet connection.The MGate MB3660gateways come with dual AC or DC power inputs built in for power redundancy,and have dual Ethernet ports(with different IPs)for network redundancy.To accommodate different types of applications,the dual Ethernet ports can be configured in one of two ways:•Use the same IP for both Ethernet ports.In this case,the MGate MB3660gateway will automatically switch to the backup LAN when the main LAN fails.•Use different IP addresses for each of the two Ethernet ports.In this case,Modbus clients/masters can use both Ethernet ports to communicate with Modbus RTU/ASCII slave devices at the same time.SpecificationsEthernet Interface10/100BaseT(X)Ports(RJ45connector)2IP addressesAuto MDI/MDI-X connectionEthernet Software FeaturesIndustrial Protocols Modbus TCP Client(Master)Modbus TCP Server(Slave)Configuration Options Web Console(HTTP/HTTPS)Device Search Utility(DSU)MCC ToolTelnet ConsoleManagement ARPDHCP ClientDNSHTTPHTTPSSMTPSNMP TrapSNMPv1/v2c/v3TCP/IPTelnetUDPNTP ClientRADIUSMIB RFC1213,RFC1317Time Management NTP ClientSecurity FunctionsAuthentication Local databaseRADIUSEncryption HTTPSAES-128AES-256SHA-256Security Protocols SNMPv3HTTPS(TLS1.2)Serial InterfaceNo.of Ports MGate MB3660-8Series:8MGate MB3660-16Series:16Connector MGate MB3660-8/16:DB9maleMGate MB3660-8/16-J:RJ45Serial Standards RS-232/422/485(software selectable)Baudrate50bps to921.6kbpsData Bits7,8Stop Bits1,2Parity NoneEvenOddSpaceMarkFlow Control RTS/CTSDTR/DSRRTS Toggle(RS-232only)Console Port RS-232(TxD,RxD,GND),8-pin RJ45(115200,n,8,1) Isolation2kV(I models)RS-485Data Direction Control ADDC(automatic data direction control)Pull High/Low Resistor for RS-4851kilo-ohm,150kilo-ohmsTerminator for RS-485120ohmsSerial SignalsRS-232TxD,RxD,RTS,CTS,DTR,DSR,DCD,GNDRS-422Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDRS-485-2w Data+,Data-,GNDRS-485-4w Tx+,Tx-,Rx+,Rx-,GNDSerial Software FeaturesIndustrial Protocols Modbus RTU/ASCII MasterModbus RTU/ASCII SlaveConfiguration Options Serial ConsoleModbus RTU/ASCIIMode Master,SlaveFunctions Supported1,2,3,4,5,6,15,16,23Max.No.of Commands256per serial portMemory Size65535bytesModbus TCPMode Client(Master),Server(Slave)Max.No.of Client Connections256Max.No.of Server Connections128Functions Supported1,2,3,4,5,6,15,16,23Max.No.of Commands256Memory Size65535bytesModbus(Transparent)Max.No.of Client Connections256Max.No.of Server Connections128Power ParametersInput Voltage All models:Redundant dual inputsAC models:100to240VAC(50/60Hz)DC models:20to60VDC(1.5kV isolation)No.of Power Inputs2Power Connector Terminal block(for DC models)Power Consumption MGate MB3660-8-2AC:109mA@110VACMGate MB3660I-8-2AC:310mA@110VACMGate MB3660-8-J-2AC:235mA@110VACMGate MB3660-8-2DC:312mA@24VDCMGate MB3660-16-2AC:141mA@110VACMGate MB3660I-16-2AC:310mA@110VACMGate MB3660-16-J-2AC:235mA@110VACMGate MB3660-16-2DC:494mA@24VDCRelaysContact Current Rating Resistive load:2A@30VDCPhysical CharacteristicsHousing MetalIP Rating IP30Dimensions(with ears)480x45x198mm(18.90x1.77x7.80in)Dimensions(without ears)440x45x198mm(17.32x1.77x7.80in)Weight MGate MB3660-8-2AC:2731g(6.02lb)MGate MB3660-8-2DC:2684g(5.92lb)MGate MB3660-8-J-2AC:2600g(5.73lb)MGate MB3660-16-2AC:2830g(6.24lb)MGate MB3660-16-2DC:2780g(6.13lb)MGate MB3660-16-J-2AC:2670g(5.89lb)MGate MB3660I-8-2AC:2753g(6.07lb)MGate MB3660I-16-2AC:2820g(6.22lb)Environmental LimitsOperating Temperature0to60°C(32to140°F)Storage Temperature(package included)-40to85°C(-40to185°F)Ambient Relative Humidity5to95%(non-condensing)Standards and CertificationsEMC EN55032/35EMI CISPR32,FCC Part15B Class AEMS IEC61000-4-2ESD:Contact:6kV;Air:8kVIEC61000-4-3RS:80MHz to1GHz:10V/mIEC61000-4-4EFT:Power:1kV;Signal:1kVIEC61000-4-5Surge:Power:2kV;Signal:1kVIEC61000-4-6CS:10VIEC61000-4-8PFMFSafety MGate MB3660-8-2AC/16-2AC/8-2DC/16-2DC:IEC62368-1,UL62368-1MGate MB3660I-8-2AC/16-2AC:IEC62368-1,UL62368-1MGate MB3660-8-J-2AC/16-J-2AC:UL60950-1Freefall IEC60068-2-31Shock IEC60068-2-27Vibration IEC60068-2-6IEC60068-2-64MTBFTime MGate MB3660-8-2AC:721,988hrsMGate MB3660-8-2DC:711,978hrsMGate MB3660-8-J-2AC:616,505hrsMGate MB3660-16-2AC:495,416hrsMGate MB3660-16-2DC:490,684hrsMGate MB3660-16-J-2AC:437,337hrsMGate MB3660I-8-2AC:429,807hrsMGate MB3660I-16-2AC:256,208hrs Standards Telcordia SR332WarrantyWarranty Period5yearsDetails See /warranty Package ContentsDevice1x MGate MB3660Series gateway Power Supply1x power cord,suitable for your region Cable1x RJ45-to-DB9console cable Installation Kit1x wall-mounting kitDocumentation1x quick installation guide1x warranty cardDimensionsOrdering InformationModel Name No.of Serial Ports Serial Connector Serial Isolation Input Voltage MGate MB3660-8-2DC8DB9male–20-60VDC(1.5kV isolation) MGate MB3660-16-2DC16DB9male–20-60VDC(1.5kV isolation) MGate MB3660-8-2AC8DB9male–100-240VAC(47-63Hz) MGate MB3660-16-2AC16DB9male–100-240VAC(47-63Hz) MGate MB3660I-8-2AC8DB9male2kV100-240VAC(47-63Hz)MGate MB3660I-16-2AC16DB9male2kV100-240VAC(47-63Hz) MGate MB3660-8-J-2AC8RJ45–100-240VAC(47-63Hz) MGate MB3660-16-J-2AC16RJ45–100-240VAC(47-63Hz) Accessories(sold separately)CablesCBL-F9M9-150DB9female to DB9male serial cable,1.5mCBL-F9M9-20DB9female to DB9male serial cable,20cmCBL-RJ45F9-1508-pin RJ45to DB9female serial cable,1.5mCBL-RJ45SF9-1508-pin RJ45to DB9female serial cable with shielding,1.5mConnectorsMini DB9F-to-TB DB9female to terminal block connectorPower CordsPWC-C13AU-3B-183Power cord with Australian(AU)plug,1.83mPWC-C13CN-3B-183Power cord with three-prong China(CN)plug,1.83mPWC-C13EU-3B-183Power cord with Continental Europe(EU)plug,1.83mPWC-C13JP-3B-183Power cord with Japan(JP)plug,7A/125V,1.83mPWC-C13UK-3B-183Power cord with United Kingdom(UK)plug,1.83mPWC-C13US-3B-183Power cord with United States(US)plug,1.83mCBL-PJTB-10Non-locking barrel plug to bare-wire cableMounting KitsWK-45-01Wall-mounting kit,2L-shaped plates,6screws,45x57x2.5mm©Moxa Inc.All rights reserved.Updated Aug07,2023.This document and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of Moxa Inc.Product specifications subject to change without notice.Visit our website for the most up-to-date product information.。

"CUPS (Common Unix Printing System) has insecure permissions"这个描述通常是指CUPS服务的配置、文件或目录权限设置不当，可能允许未经授权的用
户访问或修改关键信息，从而引发潜在的安全风险。

以下是一些可能的具体情况：
1.配置文件权限过松：例如，如果CUPS的配置文件（如
/etc/cups/cupsd.conf）可被任意用户读写，那么恶意用户可能修改其中的设置，比如更改监听端口或者添加新的后台打印机，甚至可能执行任意代码（如果支持插件的话）。

2.打印队列权限问题：每个打印任务都会生成一个临时文件，存储在特定
目录下（通常是/var/spool/cups）。

如果这些文件的权限设置不当，非授权用户可能会查看、删除或者篡改其他用户的打印作业。

3.CUPS守护进程运行权限过高：如果cupsd进程以root权限运行，且存
在漏洞，攻击者一旦成功利用该漏洞，将可能获取系统的完全控制权。

4.Web接口权限不足：CUPS自带一个web界面用于管理打印任务和设
置，其默认情况下只应允许本地访问。

但如果其权限设置不当，远程用户可能能够通过网络访问并操控打印系统。

因此，为了保证CUPS服务的安全，需要确保相关的配置文件只有管理员可以读写，打印队列文件仅允许创建者和打印子系统访问，以及正确限制对CUPS web界面的访问权限等。

同时，及时关注并安装官方发布的安全更新也是必要的措施之一。

ICDPPCNEXUSMPC55xx / MPC56xx In-Circuit DebuggerQuick Start GuideCopyright 2009, P&E Microcomputer Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Visit us on the web at Document Version HistoryVersion Date Notes1.0 21 Sep 2009 Initial versionCONTENTS1 Introduction (4)1.1 P&E Compatible Hardware (4)2 Getting Started (5)2.1 Connecting to your Target (5)2.2 Reset Script (6)2.3 Loading Data and Debug Information (7)2.4 CPU and Memory Windows (8)3 Debugging (10)3.1 GOTIL command (10)3.1 Stepping through C instructions (11)3.3 Setting and Reaching Breakpoints (12)3.4 Using Code Window Popup Debug Evaluation Hints (13)3.5 Using the Variables Window (15)3.6 Modifying a Variable (16)3.7 Using the Register Interpreter (17)3.8 Adding Register Field Descriptions to the Variables Window (20)1 IntroductionThis document is a step-by-step guide to using the P&E ICDPPCNEXUS in-circuit debugger software, which is compatible with Freescale MPC55xx / MPC56xx processors. This guide covers the most commonly used features of the debugger: loading binary & debug information, accessing CPU registers & memory, stepping code, setting breakpoints, and monitoring variables.1.1 P&E Compatible HardwareThe following lists the P&E hardware compatible with the ICDPPCNEXUS debugger software.P&E Part Number Interface to host PCCABPPCNEXUS Parallel (LPT) portUSB-ML-PPCNEXUS USB 2.0 (Backwards compatible with USB 1.1 ports) Cyclone MAX Serial (RS232) portUSB 1.1 (Upwards compatible with USB 2.0 ports)Ethernet2 Getting Started2.1 Connecting to your TargetUpon starting the debugger, the connection assistant dialog appears:•Use the “Interface” and “Port” drop-down menus to choose the P&E hardware interface connected between the PC and your target board.•The “Target CPU” setting can safely be left at the “Autodetect” setting for most users. If you experience problems connecting, you can try specifying the exact Freescale device that you are connecting to.• A BDM_SPEED parameter between 2 to 4 can typically be used.Processors running at slower clock speeds will require higher values.Click the Connect button, and ICDPPCNEXUS will attempt to contact the processor. Using the default debugger settings, ICDPPCNEXUS will establish communications and reset the processor.After establishing communications, the main debugger screen will appear, and a debugger reset script macro should automatically execute and complete.2.2 Reset ScriptThis section explains the initialization that the debugger, using a reset script macro file, performs on the processor. The user can view and modify all of the macro file's initialization tasks.The processor Boot Assist Module (BAM) would normally initialize the memory of the processor. However, when running the target application from the debugger, the BAM functionality is disabled. To account for this, the debugger must run a script file on reset. The script initializes the memory of the processor similar to the way in which the BAM would initialize the processor.If ICDPPCNEXUS is launched from the Freescale CodeWarrior IDE, the correct reset script file is automatically selected.If ICDPPCNEXUS is launched stand-alone, the reset script file may need to be configured. Several reset script macros are included with the ICDPPCNEXUS debugger and have a .mac extension. For detailed information, you can view each macro file using a simple text editor such as Notepad. The macro contents will contain useful comments, such as which devices are supported by that particular macro.To configure the debugger reset script macro, select the debugger Configuration menu, Automated Script Options dialog, shown here:2.3 Loading Data and Debug InformationIf ICDPPCNEXUS is launched from the Freescale CodeWarrior IDE, your code will automatically be downloaded to the processor.•RAM projects are loaded into the processor’s internal SRAM.•FLASH projects will invoke the CPROGPPCNEXUS Flash programming software to burn the code into the processor’s internal FLASH.The debug information is also automatically loaded from CodeWarrior, which will allow you to debug using your high level source code and variables.If ICDPPCNEXUS is launched stand-alone, you will need to manually download the code and debug information. Launch the Load Dialog by clicking on the High Level Load button on the debugger tool bar:This dialog allows you to specify the binary/debug file and whether to load into RAM or FLASH. Once you are satisfied with your settings, press the “Process Load Command” button to begin the download process. This step will also load the debug information.2.4 CPU and Memory WindowsThe CPU Window displays all CPU core registers, including the Program Counter (PC) and all general purpose registers.•To modify CPU register contents, double-click the register value. You will be prompted for a new value.The Memory Window displays data at any given memory address. It can be used to view RAM contents, FLASH contents, and values of peripheral registers.•To change the memory address, right-click inside the Memory Window and select “Set Base Address”. You will be prompted for a new address to begin displaying data.•To change the contents in memory, double-click the value in memory that you would like to change. You will be prompted for a new value.3 DebuggingThis section outlines the different debugging capabilities available in the ICDPPCNEXUS debugger once the debug information has been loaded.3.1 GOTIL commandAt this point, your source window will show the assembly language startup code generated by the compiler:If you do not need to debug this section and would like to run the processor until the beginning of your “main” function, you can use the “GOTIL” command.•Type “GOTIL main” in the Status window to tell the debugger to run code until it reaches the “main” function of your code.The “GOTIL” command works with any function in your code.3.1 Stepping through C instructionsStep through the initialization code, or any source code, using the high-level language source step command. Use this feature by typing “HSTEP” in the Status window or by clicking the high-level step button on the debugger tool bar:Each time the HSTEP command executes, the debugger will rapidly single step assembly instructions until it encounters the next source instruction, at which point target execution will cease. When the debugger reaches the next source instruction, all visible windows will be updated with data from the board. After reaching the main function, step through several C language instructions. Notice that some instructions will take longer to step through than others because each C instruction may consist of a greater or fewer number of underlying assembly instructions.3.3 Setting and Reaching BreakpointsIn the source code window, there will be a small red dot and a small blue arrow next to each source instruction that has underlying object code. If a large blue arrow appears on a source line, this indicates that the program counter (PC) currently points to this instruction. If a large red stop sign appears on the source line, this indicates that a breakpoint exists on this line.•Set a breakpoint at an instruction by double-clicking the tiny red dot.•To remove a breakpoint, double-click the large red stop sign.Execution will begin in real-time when you issue the HGO command or click the high-level language GO button on the debugger tool bar:If the debugger encounters a breakpoint, execution will stop on this source line. If it does not encounter a breakpoint, target execution will continue until you press a key or use the stop button on the debugger tool bar:•By double clicking the small blue arrow, you will be issuing a GOTIL command to the address of this source line.A GOTIL command will set a single breakpoint at the desired address, and the processor will begin executing code in real-time from the current program counter (PC). When the debugger encounters the GOTIL address, execution stops. If the debugger does not encounter this location, execution continues until you press akey or use the stop button on the debugger tool bar. Note that all user breakpoints are ignored when the GOTIL command is used.You may also double-click the red and blue symbols in the disassembly window. The disassembly window may display an additional symbol, a small, blue "S" enclosed in a box. This indicates that that a source code instruction begins on this disassembly instruction.3.4 Using Code Window Popup Debug Evaluation HintsWhen debugging source code, it is convenient to view the contents of a variable while viewing your source code. The in-circuit debugger has a feature, debug hints, which displays the value of a variable while the mouse cursor is held over the variable name. The hint may be displayed in any of three locations, as shown below.The three locations for the debug hints are the code window title bar, the status window caption bar, and a popup hint that appears over the variable in source code. You can configure the hints to display in any combination.•Set the locations of debug hints in the configuration menu of the debuggerThe information in the popup hint box is similar to the information displayed in the variables window.The information includes the variable name (i), value ($1), and type (signed long).3.5 Using the Variables WindowThe variables window displays the current value of application variables. The following window shows a display of variables from the example application.Variables that are pointer or reference types are displayed in red. Normal variables are displayed in black.•Add a variable by typing the VAR command, by right clicking the variables window and choosing “Add a variable”, or by hitting the "Add Variable"button in the variables window.When adding a variable using the pop-up menu, the debugger displays the following screen.In the variable field, type the address or name of the variable. Typically, set the type of the variable to “Default”, which means that the variable will be displayed as it is defined in the debugging information. When adding a variable, you may specify the numeric display base of the variable.3.6 Modifying a Variable•To modify the current value of a variable, right-click the variable name in the variables window and select “Modify Variable” to display a dialog.Check the “Modify value” checkbox, and type the variable’s new value. After you click the OK button, the debugger updates the variable value on the target, and the debugger refreshes the variable window to display the new value. Note that the debugger will not edit certain user-defined types, such as enumerated types.•You may also modify a variable’s display properties, such as the type or numeric display base using this dialog.3.7 Using the Register InterpreterThe register interpreter provides a descriptive display of bit fields within the processor’s peripheral registers. The register interpreter allows you easily to change the value of these registers. You may quickly check the current state of a peripheral and examine the configuration of the target device.When you use the register interpreter within the debugger, it reads the current value of the peripheral register, decodes it, and displays it.To launch the register interpreter in the debugger, either use the “R” command or click the view/edit register button on the tool bar:A window will appear that allows you to select a peripheral block to examine.Double clicking the module of choice will launch the register selection window.Double clicking a specific register will launch the edit/display window for that register.The window lists the keystrokes and mouse actions, allowing you to modify the values of each of the fields. After right clicking on a specific field, the register interpreter will display all options for that field.When you quit the register view/edit window by hitting the ESC key, you will be given the opportunity to write the new value into the register, as shown in the following window.3.8 Adding Register Field Descriptions to the Variables WindowAdd register bit fields to the variables window by using the “_TR” command in the debugger or by clicking the "Add Register" button in the variables window. After selecting the register field, the field appears in the debugger variables window, and the debugger will continually update its value.。

DATASHEETModbus Master/SlaveCommunication ModuleMVI56E-MCM/MCMXTThe MVI56E Communication Module allows for Modbus Master and/or Slaveconnectivity from Rockwell Automation® ControlLogix® processors to ModbusRTU/ASCII devices. Each MVI56E port can be configured as a Master or Slave.The MVI56E-MCM and MVI56E-MCMXT act as input/output modules on theControlLogix backplane, making Modbus data appear as I/O data to the processor.Two independently configurable serial ports can operate on the same or differentModbus networks. The MVI56E-MCM is designed for standard processapplications and the MVI56E-MCMXT is designed for the Logix-XT™ controlplatform, allowing it to operate in extreme environments. It can tolerate higheroperating temperatures, and has conformal coating to protect it from harsh orcaustic conditions.Features BenefitsBackward Compatibility ♦All MVI56E products are backward-compatible with earlier MVI56 modules allowing directreplacement without the need to change existing controller programs10,000 Word Database ♦Allows you to gather more data from your devices, which improves operationalperformance♦Enjoy Enhanced features and flexibility without incurring expensive reprogramming costs Add-On Instruction ♦Module configuration stored within the RSLogix™ 5000 project (ACD file)♦No additional programming or configuration software is required♦Add-On Instruction for RSLogix 5000 version 16 or higher cuts development time andcostsCIPconnect® Enabled ♦Facilitates remote user access across the ControlLogix backplane through RockwellAutomation’s 1756-ENBT module♦Configure, diagnose, and analyze process data and communications status♦Bridge through multiple ENBT/CNBT links to connect to MVI56E-MCMs installed in remotechassis for configuration and diagnosticsAdd-On Profile ♦Simplifies adding the module in an RSLogix 5000 projectConfigurationThe module configuration is defined in the Add on Instruction. The AOI is fullycommented, and includes user-defined data types, ladder rungs and controller tags. TheAOI can be used without modification for most application.The MVI56E-MCM User Manual and sample configuration provide a quick and easyexample with step-by-step instructions on how to move data through the module fromthe Modbus network to the processor.General Specifications∙Backward-compatible with previous MVI56-MCM version∙Single Slot - 1756 ControlLogix® backplane compatible∙10/100 MB Ethernet port for network configuration and diagnostics with Auto Cable Crossover Detection∙User-definable module data memory mapping of up to 10,000 16-bit registers∙4-character, scrolling, alphanumeric LED display of status and diagnostic data in plain English∙ProSoft Discovery Service (PDS) software finds the module on the network and assigns a temporary IP address to facilitate module accessFunctional SpecificationsThe MVI56E-MCM will operate on a Local or Remote rack (For remote rack applications with smaller data packet size please refer to the MVI56E-MCMR product)∙Supports Enron version of Modbus protocol for floating-point data transactions∙PCB includes powerful Modbus network analyzer∙Special functions (command control, event commands, status, and so on) are supported by message transfer (unscheduled) using the MSG instruction∙Error codes, network error counters, and port status data available in user data memorySlave SpecificationsThe MVI56E-MCM module accepts Modbus function code commands of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16, 17, 22, and 23 from an attached Modbus Master unit. A port configured as a Modbus Slave permits a remote Master to interact with all data contained in the module. This data can be derived from other Modbus Slave devices on the network, through a Master port, or from the ControlLogix processor.Master SpecificationsA port configured as a virtual Modbus Master device on the MVI56E-MCM module actively issues Modbus commands to other nodes on the Modbus network. Up to 325 commands are supported on each port. Additionally, the Master ports have an optimized polling characteristic that polls Slaves with communication problems less frequently. The ControlLogix processor ladder logic can issues commands directly from ladder logic or actively select commands from the command list to execute under ladder logic control.ControlLogix™ Modbus IntegrationGeneral Modbus SpecificationsCommunication Parameters Baud Rate: 110 baud to 115.2 kbpsStop Bits: 1 or 2Data Size: 7 or 8 bitsParity: None, Even, OddRTS Timing delays: 0 to 65535 milliseconds Modbus Modes RTU mode (binary) with CRC-16ASCII mode with LRC error checkingFloating Point Data Floating point data movement supported, includingconfigurable support for Enron and DanielimplementationsModbus Function Codes 1: Read Coils Status2: Read Input Status3: Read Holding Registers4: Read Input Registers5: Force (Write) Single Coil6: Preset (Write) Single Register8: Diagnostics15: Force (Write) Multiple Coils16: Preset (Write) Multiple Data Registers17: Report Slave ID22: Mask Write 4x Register23: Read/Write 4x RegistersModbus Master SpecificationsCommand List Up to 325 commands per Master port, each fullyconfigurable for function code, slave address, registerto/from addressing and word/bit count.Optimized Polling Configuration options allow Master ports andcommands to be optimized to poll slaves withcommunication problems less frequently.Command Status/Error Monitoring Command Status or Error codes are generated for each command as it executes, allowing careful monitoring of communication health between the Master and its Slaves.Slave Polling Control Master Port maintains a Slave Status list of all networkSlaves. Polling of each Slave may be disabled andenabled using this list.Modbus Slave SpecificationsFull Memory Access A port configured as a Modbus Slave permits a remoteMaster to read from or write to any of the 10,000registers that make up the user memory database. Multi-source Slave Data Data presented at the Slave port can be derived fromother Modbus Slave devices on a different networkthroug h the module’s Master port or from the processortag database.Node Address 1 to 247 (software selectable)Status Data Slave port error codes, counters and statuses areavailable separately for each port when configured as aSlave® products areHardware SpecificationsGeneralSpecification DescriptionBackplane Current Load 800 mA @ 5 Vdc3 mA @ 24 VdcOperating Temperature 0°C to 60°C (32°F to 140°F) - MVI56E-MCM-25°C to 70°C (-13°F to 158°F) - MVI56E-MCMXT Storage Temperature -40°C to 85°C (-40°F to 185°F)Extreme/Harsh Environment MVI56E-MCMXT comes with conformal coating Shock 30 g operational50 g non-operationalVibration: 5 g from 10 to 150 HzRelative Humidity 5% to 95% (without condensation)LED Indicators Battery Status (ERR)Application Status (APP)Module Status (OK)4-Character, Scrolling, Alpha-Numeric LED Display Shows Module, Version, IP, Port Master/Slave Setting, Port Status, and Error InformationDebug/Configuration Ethernet port (E1 - Config)Ethernet Port 10/100 Base-T, RJ45 Connector, for CAT5 cableLink and Activity LED indicatorsAuto-crossover cable detectionSerial Application ports (P1 & P2)Full hardware handshaking control, providing radio, modem, and multi-drop supportSoftware configurable communication parameters Baud rate: 110 baud to 115.2 kbpsRS-232, 485 and 422Parity: none, odd or evenData bits: 5, 6, 7, or 8Stop bits: 1 or 2RTS on/off delay: 0 to 65535 millisecondsSerial Applications Ports (P1, P2) RJ45 (DB-9M with supplied adapter cable) Configurable RS-232 hardware handshaking500V Optical isolation from backplaneRS-232, RS-422, RS-485 jumper-select, each port RX (Receive) and TX (Transmit) LEDs, each portShipped with Unit RJ45 to DB-9M cables for each serial port5 foot Ethernet Straight-Thru Cable (Gray) Agency Approvals and CertificationsAgencyRoHSATEXCSACECSA CB SafetycULusGOST-RLloyds® offers a full。

H3C S5800_5820X-CMW520-R1810P16 版本说明书Copyright © 2018新华三技术有限公司版权所有，保留一切权利。

非经本公司书面许可，任何单位和个人不得擅自摘抄、复制本文档内容的部分或全部，并不得以任何形式传播。

本文档中的信息可能变动，恕不另行通知。

目录1 版本信息 (1)1.1 版本号 (1)1.2 历史版本信息 (1)1.3 版本配套表 (4)1.4 ISSU版本兼容列表 (5)1.5 版本升级注意事项 (6)2 硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.1 R1810P16版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.2 R1810P13版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.3 R1810P12版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.4 R1810P10版本硬件特性变更说明 (6)2.5 R1810P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.6 R1810P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.7 R1810P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.8 R1810版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.9 R1809P11版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.10 R1809P10版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.11 R1809P09版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.12 R1809P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.13 R1809P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.14 R1809P03版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.15 R1809P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (7)2.16 R1808P27版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.17 R1808P25版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.18 R1808P23版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.19 R1808P22版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.20 R1808P21版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.21 R1808P17版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.22 R1808P15版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.23 R1808P13版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.24 R1808P11版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.25 R1808P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)2.26 R1808P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (8)i2.29 F1807P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.30 R1805P02版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.31 R1211P08版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.32 R1211P06版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.33 R1211P03版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.34 R1211P02版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.35 R1211版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.36 F1209P01版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.37 F1209版本硬件特性变更说明 (9)2.38 F1208版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.39 F1207版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.40 R1206版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.41 R1110P05版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)2.42 R1110P04版本硬件特性变更说明 (10)3 软件特性及命令行变更说明 (10)4 MIB变更说明 (10)5 操作方式变更说明 (16)5.1 R1810P16版本操作方式变更 (16)5.2 R1810P13版本操作方式变更 (16)5.3 R1810P12版本操作方式变更 (16)5.4 R1810P10版本操作方式变更 (16)5.5 R1810P08版本操作方式变更 (17)5.6 R1810P06版本操作方式变更 (17)5.7 R1810P05版本操作方式变更 (17)5.8 R1810版本操作方式变更 (17)5.9 R1809P11版本操作方式变更 (17)5.10 R1809P10版本操作方式变更 (17)5.11 R1809P09版本操作方式变更 (17)5.12 R1809P06版本操作方式变更 (17)5.13 R1809P05版本操作方式变更 (18)5.14 R1809P03版本操作方式变更 (18)5.15 R1809P01版本操作方式变更 (18)5.16 R1808P27版本操作方式变更 (18)5.17 R1808P25版本操作方式变更 (18)ii5.20 R1808P21版本操作方式变更 (18)5.21 R1808P17版本操作方式变更 (19)5.22 R1808P15版本操作方式变更 (19)5.23 R1808P13版本操作方式变更 (19)5.24 R1808P11版本操作方式变更 (19)5.25 R1808P08版本操作方式变更 (19)5.26 R1808P06版本操作方式变更 (19)5.27 R1808P02版本操作方式变更 (19)5.28 R1807P02版本操作方式变更 (20)5.29 F1807P01版本操作方式变更 (20)5.30 R1805P02版本操作方式变更 (20)5.31 R1211P08版本操作方式变更 (20)5.32 R1211P06版本操作方式变更 (21)5.33 R1211P03版本操作方式变更 (21)5.34 R1211P02版本操作方式变更 (21)5.35 R1211版本操作方式变更 (21)5.36 F1209P01版本操作方式变更 (21)5.37 F1209版本操作方式变更 (21)5.38 F1208版本操作方式变更 (21)5.39 F1207版本操作方式变更 (22)5.40 R1206版本操作方式变更 (22)5.41 R1110P05版本操作方式变更 (22)5.42 R1110P04版本操作方式变更 (23)6 版本使用限制及注意事项 (23)7 存在问题与规避措施 (23)8 解决问题列表 (24)8.1 R1810P16版本解决问题列表 (24)8.2 R1810P13版本解决问题列表 (24)8.3 R1810P12版本解决问题列表 (25)8.4 R1810P10版本解决问题列表 (26)8.5 R1810P08版本解决问题列表 (27)8.6 R1810P06版本解决问题列表 (28)8.7 R1810P05版本解决问题列表 (28)8.8 R1810版本解决问题列表 (28)iii8.11 R1809P09版本解决问题列表 (30)8.12 R1809P06版本解决问题列表 (31)8.13 R1809P05版本解决问题列表 (32)8.14 R1809P03版本解决问题列表 (33)8.15 R1809P01版本解决问题列表 (34)8.16 R1808P27版本解决问题列表 (36)8.17 R1808P25版本解决问题列表 (36)8.18 R1808P23版本解决问题列表 (38)8.19 R1808P22版本解决问题列表 (38)8.20 R1808P21版本解决问题列表 (39)8.21 R1808P17版本解决问题列表 (39)8.22 R1808P15版本解决问题列表 (40)8.23 R1808P13版本解决问题列表 (41)8.24 R1808P11版本解决问题列表 (42)8.25 R1808P08版本解决问题列表 (44)8.26 R1808P06版本解决问题列表 (44)8.27 R1808P02版本解决问题列表 (46)8.28 R1807P02版本解决问题列表 (49)8.29 F1807P01版本解决问题列表 (50)8.30 R1805P02版本解决问题列表 (50)8.31 R1211P08版本解决问题列表 (53)8.32 R1211P06版本解决问题列表 (53)8.33 R1211P03版本解决问题列表 (57)8.34 R1211P02版本解决问题列表 (57)8.35 R1211版本解决问题列表 (58)8.36 F1209P01版本解决问题列表 (62)8.37 F1209版本解决问题列表 (62)8.38 F1208版本解决问题列表 (63)8.39 F1207版本解决问题列表 (65)8.40 R1206版本解决问题列表 (65)8.41 R1110P05版本解决问题列表 (66)8.42 R1110P04版本解决问题列表 (68)9 相关资料 (70)9.1 相关资料清单 (70)iv10 技术支持 (70)附录 A 本版本支持的软、硬件特性列表 (71)A.1 版本硬件特性 (71)A.2 版本软件特性 (73)附录 B 版本升级操作指导 (84)B.1 简介 (84)B.2 软件加载方式简介 (84)B.3 BootRom界面加载 (85)B.3.1 BootRom界面介绍 (85)B.3.2 通过Console口利用XModem完成加载 (89)B.3.3 通过以太网口利用TFTP完成加载 (100)B.3.4 通过以太网口利用FTP完成加载 (103)B.4 命令行接口加载 (107)B.4.1 通过USB口实现软件加载 (107)B.4.2 通过FTP实现软件加载 (107)B.4.3 通过TFTP实现软件加载 (109)v表目录表1 历史版本信息表 (1)表2 版本配套表 (4)表3 ISSU版本兼容列表 (5)表4 MIB文件变更说明 (10)表5 S5800系列产品硬件特性 (71)表6 S5820X系列产品硬件特性 (72)表7 S5800系列产品软件特性 (73)表8 S5820X系列产品软件特性 (79)表9 交换机软件加载方式一览表 (84)表10 基本BOOT菜单说明 (86)表11 基本BOOT辅助菜单说明 (86)表12 扩展BOOT菜单说明 (87)表13 扩展BOOT辅助菜单说明 (89)表14 通过Console口利用XModem加载系统文件 (93)表15 BootRom升级选择菜单 (94)表16 协议选择及参数设置菜单 (95)表17 通过以太网口利用TFTP加载系统文件 (100)表18 TFTP协议相关参数的设置说明 (102)表19 通过以太网口利用FTP加载系统文件 (104)表20 FTP协议相关参数的设置说明 (105)vi本文介绍了H3C S5800_5820X-CMW520-R1810P16版本的特性、使用限制、存在问题及规避措施等，在加载此版本前，建议您备份配置文件，并进行内部验证，以避免可能存在的风险。

Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux on IBMPOWER9 servers with a USB deviceVersion 1.0.4IBM®Quick Start Guide for installing Linux on IBM POWER9 servers This guide helps you install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on a Linux on POWER9 server. OverviewUse this information to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x on a non-virtualized or bare metal IBM Power System server. For a list of supported distributions, see Supported Linux distributions for POWER8 and POWER9 Linux on Power systems.1Step 1: Creating a bootable USB deviceUse one of the following USB devices:•Standalone USB DVD drive• 2.0 or 3.0 USB flash driveDownload Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x LE ALT at https:///products/red-hat-enterprise-linux/#addl-arch. Take the link for Downloads for Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Power, little endian. Log into your Red Hat account (if you have not already done so). Select Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Power 9 from the Product Variant list. Look for the Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Power 9 (v. 7.x for ppc64le) ISO file. The downloaded ISO file will include rhel-alt......iso rather than rhel....iso in the path name.To create the bootable USB device, follow the instructions in the Red Hat Customer Portal at https:///documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Installation_Guide/sect-making-usb-media.html2Step 2: Completing the prerequisites and booting yourfirmwareBefore you power on the system, ensure that you have the following items:•Ethernet cable•VGA monitor. The VGA resolution must be set to 1024x768-60Hz.•USB Keyboard•Power cords and outlet for your system.•Bootable USB deviceNote: You can also connect to the firmware using a serial connection.a.Attach the USB to serial (RS232) adapter cable to the IPMI serial 9-pin D-shell connector on the Power system.b.Attach USB connection to USB port on either PC or notebook.c.Open a terminal emulator program such as PuTTY or minicom.d.Set the communications to use the following options:•115200 baud rate•Data bits of 8•Parity of None•Stop bits of 1Complete these steps:•If your system belongs in a rack, install your system into that rack. For instructions, see IBM Power Systems information at https:///support/knowledgecenter/POWER9/p9hdx/POWER9welcome.htm.•Connect an Ethernet cable to the embedded Ethernet port next to the serial port on the back of your system.Connect the other end to your network.•Connect your VGA monitor to the VGA port on back of system and your USB keyboard to an available USB port.•Connect the power cords to the system and plug them into the outlets.At this point, your firmware is booting. Wait for the green LED on the power button to start flashing, indicating that it is ready to use. If your system does not have a green LED indicator light, then wait 1 to 2 minutes.3Step 3: Configuring the IP addressNote: You cannot use IPMItool to connect to your system and you must use either keyboard and monitor or a serial connection to the BMC. For more information, see Managing BMC-based systems.To set up or enable your network connection to the BMC firmware, use the Petitboot bootloader interface. Follow these steps:a.Power on your server using the power button on the front of your system. Your system will power on to thePetitboot bootloader menu. This process usually takes about 1 - 2 minutes to complete, but may take 5 - 10minutes on the first boot or after a firmware update. Do not walk away from your system! When Petitboot loads, your monitor will become active and you will need to push any key in order to interrupt the boot process.b.At the Petitboot bootloader main menu, select Exit to Shell.c.Run ipmitool lan print 1. If this command returns an IP address, verify that is correct and continue. Toset a static IP address, follow these steps:i.Set the mode to static by running this command: ipmitool lan set 1 ipsrc staticii.Set your IP address by running this command: ipmitool lan set 1 ipaddr ip_address where ip_address is the static IP address that you are assigning to this system.iii.Set your netmask by running this command: ipmitool lan set 1 netmask netmask_address where netmask_address is the netmask for the system.iv.Set your gateway server by running this command: ipmitool lan set 1 defgw ipaddr gateway_server where gateway_server is the gateway for this system.v.Confirm the IP address by running the command ipmitool lan print 1 again.Note: This network interface is not active until after you perform the following steps.d.To reset your firmware, run the following command: ipmitool raw 0x06 0x40.e.You should be able to ping the BMC now. If your ping does not return successfully within a reasonable amount oftime (2 - 3 minutes), try these additional steps:i.Power your system off with this command from the petitboot shell: poweroff.hii.Unplug the power cords from the back of the system. Wait 30 seconds and then apply power to boot BMC.4Step 4: Powering on your serverNote: After your system powers on, the Petitboot interface loads. If you do not interrupt the boot process bypressing any key within 10 seconds, Petitboot automatically boots the first option.To power on your server from a PC or notebook that is running Linux, follow these steps:.•Default user name: root•Default password: 0penBmc (where, 0penBmc is using a zero and not a capital O).a.Connect an Ethernet cable from the BMC port to a PC or notebook. Or you can also make sure your PC ornotebook is on the same network as the BMC firmware.b.Open a terminal program on your PC or notebook.c.Log in to the BMC by running the following commands.ssh root@<BMC server_ip_address>root@<BMC server password>where BMC server_ip_address is the IP address of the BMC and BMC server password is the password toauthenticate.d.To power on your server, run the following command:$ root@witherspoon:~# obmcutil powerone.Connect to OS console and use the default password 0penBmc.ssh -p 2200 root@<BMC server_ip_address>root@where BMC server_ip_address is the IP address of the BMC and BMC server password is the password toauthenticate.5Step 5: Configuring PetitbootAfter the system powers on, the Petitboot bootloader scans local boot devices and network interfaces to find bootoptions that are available to the system.a.Insert your bootable USB device into the front USB port. Petitboot displays the following option:Note: Select Rescan devices if the USB device does not appear. If your device is not detected, you may have to try a different type.b.Record the UUID of the USB device. For example, the UUID of the USB device in the following example is2015-10-30-11-05-03-00.[USB: sdb1 / 2015-10-30-11-05-03-00]Rescue a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system (64-bit kernel)Test this media & install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x (64-bitkernel)* Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x (64-bit kernel)c.Select Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x (64-bit kernel) and press e (Edit) to open the Petitboot OptionEditor window.d.Move the cursor to the Boot arguments section and add the following information:inst.text inst.stage2=hd:UUID=your_UUIDwhere your_UUID is the UUID that you recorded.Petitboot Option EditorqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqDevice: ( ) sda2 [f8437496-78b8-4b11-9847-bb2d8b9f7cbd](*) sdb1 [2015-10-30-11-05-03-00]( ) Specify paths/URLs manuallyKernel: /ppc/ppc64/vmlinuzInitrd: /ppc/ppc64/initrd.imgDevice tree:Boot arguments: ro inst.textinst.stage2=hd:UUID=2015-10-30-11-05-03-00[ OK ] [ Help ] [ Cancel ]e.Select OK to save your options and return to the Main menu.f.Verify that Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x (64-bit kernel) is selected and then press Enter to begin yourinstallation.6Step 6: Completing your installationAfter you select to boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.x installer, the installer wizard walks you through the steps.a.Follow the installation wizard for Red Hat Enterprise Linux to set up disk options, your user name and password,time zones, and so on. The last step is to restart your system.Note: While your system is restarting, remove the USB device.b.After the system restarts, Petitboot displays the option to boot the Red Hat Enterprise Linux release number.Select this option and press Enter.Note: Be sure to check for firmware updates. See https:///support/knowledgecenter/POWER9/p9ei8/p9ei8_fixes_kickoff.htmMore informationFor more information, see the following resources:•IBM Knowledge center at https:///support/knowledgecenter/•The Linux on Power® developer portal at Linux on Power developer portal.© Copyright IBM® Corp. 2015, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights - Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. IBM, the IBM logo, and ® are trademarks or registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. A current list of IBM trademarks is available on the web at "Copyright and trademark information" (/legal/copytrade.shtml).。

linux libmodbus使用案例`libmodbus` 是一个用于与Modbus 通信协议进行交互的开源库。

以下是一个简单的C 语言示例，演示如何使用`libmodbus` 进行Modbus RTU 通信。

在运行这个示例之前，确保已经安装了`libmodbus` 库。

```c#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <modbus.h>int main() {modbus_t *ctx;uint8_t query[MODBUS_TCP_MAX_ADU_LENGTH];int rc;// 创建Modbus 上下文ctx = modbus_new_rtu("/dev/ttyUSB0", 9600, 'N', 8, 1);if (ctx == NULL) {fprintf(stderr, "Unable to create the libmodbus context\n");return -1;}// 打开Modbus 连接if (modbus_connect(ctx) == -1) {fprintf(stderr, "Connection failed: %s\n", modbus_strerror(errno));modbus_free(ctx);return -1;}// 设置Modbus 地址modbus_set_slave(ctx, 1);// 读取保持寄存器（示例中读取寄存器地址为0的值）rc = modbus_read_registers(ctx, 0, 1, query);if (rc == -1) {fprintf(stderr, "Read register failed: %s\n", modbus_strerror(errno));modbus_free(ctx);return -1;}printf("Value read: %d\n", query[0]);// 关闭Modbus 连接modbus_close(ctx);modbus_free(ctx);return 0;}```请注意，上述示例中使用了Modbus RTU 协议，串口配置参数（如波特率、数据位等）可能需要根据实际情况进行调整。

硬件配置如下：比如说我要连接第一个CI867 的 Modbus Serial Slave那么就要在程序中放一个MBTCPConnect参数En_C 要给一个常1的变量Enable_Connect参数 Channel 是个字符串表明CI867的位置那么CI867Pos 就是字符串“1”Slave也是个字符串表明要连接那个slave 那么 Slave 就是“1.1.1”ID 就是唯一的一个用来连接后面的read和white块，可以如下定义然后在线运行的话如果连接成功那么Valid 就一直为true；否则配置出错或者硬件问题；连接成功之后就要放一个MBTCPReadCyc 块其中ID要与之前MBConnect 块相同， Enable 要一直为trueCycleTime 随便；别太短，如果读的比较多的话后面的就读不上来了；StartAddr 是一个字符串，就是从Modbus中读的起始位置，格式如下表：此表可以在ABB手册中找到；然后 Status 必须为1 才能说明AC800M从Modbus读到一个good的数；各种Error 可以看如下描述Status Codes for Modbus TCPNumber Function Block Type Description-4901 MBTCPException Exception response from partner if the function code is not supportedby the slave.-4902 MBTCPRead, MBTCPWrite Exception response from partner if the data address range is notsupported is not supported by the slave.-7008 MBTCPRead, MBTCPWrite,MBTCPReadCyclicThe address is greater than 65535-7009 MBTCPWrite There is reference made to input coils by specifying the address in theformat of %IX.-7011 MBTCPRead, MBTCPWrite,MBTCPReadCyclic Request is added to the pending request queue, in the slave firmware, and if that queue is full.如果connect 是Vaild的，但是没有数从Modbus 读上来，Status 不对，那么可以调换一下链接到网关的2跟电缆，然后就OK了；然后AC800M把数white的Modbus中去就要放一个MBTCPWrite块：同样如果要写那么Req就要给一个脉冲信号，脉冲时间别太长，也别太短，太长占用modbus不好，太短还没写完就不让写了也不好；StartAddr和Read块里面的相同；起始位置不一样，具体情况看对方是从哪接受的；然后就没有然后了。

Package‘MultipleBubbles’October12,2022Version0.2.0Date2018-07-30Title Test and Detection of Explosive Behaviors for Time SeriesAuthor Pedro Araujo<**********************>Gustavo Lacerda<*************************>Peter C.B.Phillips<***********************>Shu-Ping Shi<******************.au>Maintainer Pedro Araujo<**********************>DescriptionProvides the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test and its variations to check the existence of bub-bles(explosive behavior)for time series,based on the article by Peter C.B.Phillips,Shup-ing Shi and Jun Yu(2015a)<doi:10.1111/iere.12131>.Some functions may take a while depend-ing on the size of the data used,or the number of Monte Carlo replications applied.License GPL(>=2)Imports MASS(>=7.3),foreach(>=1.4.4),statsLazyData TRUERoxygenNote6.1.0NeedsCompilation noRepository CRANDate/Publication2018-07-3020:20:03UTCR topics documented:ADF_FL (2)ADF_IC (2)badf (3)bsadf (4)DGP (4)gsadf (5)sadf (6)sadf_gsadf (6)sp_data (7)12ADF_IC Index8 ADF_FL Augmented Dickey-Fuller StatisticDescriptionCalculate the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Statistic with afixed lag order.UsageADF_FL(y,adflag=0,mflag=1)Argumentsy the time series to be used.adflag is the lag order.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesy<-rnorm(10)ADF_FL(y,adflag=1,mflag=2)ADF_IC Augmented Dickey-Fuller Statistic by AIC or BICDescriptionCalculate the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Statistic with lag order selected by AIC or BIC.UsageADF_IC(y,adflag,mflag,IC)Argumentsy the time series to be used.adflag the maximum lag order.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.IC1for AIC and2for BIC.badf3 ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2013)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesy<-rnorm(10)ADF_IC(y,adflag=1,mflag=2,IC=1)ADF_IC(y,adflag=1,mflag=2,IC=2)badf Backward Augmented Dickey-Fuller Sequence.DescriptionIn this program,we calculate critical value sequences for the backward ADF statistic sequence fora matrix generated from a standard Normal distribution.Usagebadf(m,t,adflag=0,mflag=1)Argumentsm Number of Monte Carlo replications.Must be bigger than2.t Sample size.Must be bigger than2.adflag Number of lags to be included in the ADF Test.Default equals0.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesfoo<-badf(m=100,t=50,adflag=1,mflag=1)plot(foo$quantiles[2,],type= l )4DGP bsadf Critical values for backward SADF statistic sequence.DescriptionCalculate critical value sequences for the backward sup ADF statistic sequence using Monte Carlo simulations for a sample generated from a Normal distribution.Usagebsadf(m,t,adflag=0,mflag=1)Argumentsm Number of Monte Carlo Simulationst Sample size.adflag is the lag order.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.#’@keywords AugmentedDickey-FullerTest backwardSADF MonteCarlo.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesfoo<-bsadf(m=20,t=50,adflag=1,mflag=2)plot(foo$quantiles[2,],type= l )DGP Random walk.DescriptionGenerate a random walk with drift1/n.UsageDGP(n,niter)Argumentsn sample size.Number of rows in the generated matrix.niter number of columns in the generated matrix.gsadf5 ExamplesDGP(n=100,niter=10)gsadf Critical values for generalized sup ADF statistic sequence.DescriptionCalculate critical value sequences for the generalized sup ADF statistic sequence using Monte Carlo simulations for a sample generated from a Normal distribution.Usagegsadf(m,t,adflag=0,mflag=1,swindow0=floor(r0*t))Argumentsm Number of Monte Carlo Simulations.Default equals2000.Must be bigger than 2.t Sample size.Default equals100.Must be bigger than2.adflag Number of lags to be included in the ADF Test.Default equals0.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.swindow0Minimum window size.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesfoo<-gsadf(m=20,t=50)quant<-rep(foo$quantiles[2],100)plot(quant,type= l )6sadf_gsadf sadf Critical values for sup ADF statistic sequence.DescriptionCalculate critical value sequences for the sup ADF statistic sequence using Monte Carlo simulations for a sample generated from a Normal distribution.Usagesadf(m,t)Argumentsm Number of Monte Carlo Simulations.Default equals2000.Must be bigger than 2.t Sample size.Default equals100.Must be bigger than2.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Examplesfoo<-sadf(m=20,t=50)quant<-rep(foo$quantiles[2],100)plot(quant,type= l )sadf_gsadf Sup ADF and generalized sup ADF statistics for a time series.DescriptionCalculate the sup ADF and the generalized sup ADF statistics using the backward ADF statistic sequence and the backward SADF statistic sequence,respectively.Usagesadf_gsadf(y,adflag,mflag,IC,parallel=FALSE)sp_data7Argumentsy the time series.adflag the lag order for the ADF test.mflag1for ADF with constant and whithout trend,2for ADF with constant and trend and3for ADF without constant and trend.IC1for AIC and2for BIC.parallel If TRUE,uses parallel computing for the loop.If the data is large it could be faster,but usually it is slower for small data.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.sp_data S&P500data.Descriptionthe S&P500price dividend ratio from January1871to December2010.FormatA vector with the S&P500price dividend ratio.ReferencesPhillips,P.C.&Shi,S.&Yu,J.(2015a)."Testing for Multiple Bubbles:Historical Episodes of Exuberance and Collapse in the S&P500".SSRN Electronic Journal.Index∗AugmentedDickey-FullerTest,sadf,6∗AugmentedDickey-FullerTest.ADF_FL,2ADF_IC,2∗AugmentedDickey-FullerTestbadf,3gsadf,5∗BackwardADFSequencebadf,3∗GSADFSequencegsadf,5∗MonteCarlo.badf,3gsadf,5sadf,6∗datasetsp_data,7∗generation.DGP,4∗randomDGP,4∗supADFSequencesadf,6∗walkDGP,4ADF_FL,2ADF_IC,2badf,3bsadf,4DGP,4gsadf,5sadf,6sadf_gsadf,6sp_data,78。

modbus poll framing error -回复Modbus Poll Framing Error: Troubleshooting and SolutionsI. IntroductionModbus is a widely used communication protocol in industrial environments for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It allows devices such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and other automation equipment to communicate with each other.One common issue encountered when working with Modbus protocols is a framing error, indicated by an error message that states "Modbus poll framing error." This error occurs when there is a problem with the communication between the master device (usually a computer or controller) and the slave device (typically a PLC or other Modbus-enabled device).In this article, we will discuss the potential causes of a framing error and provide step-by-step guidance on troubleshooting and resolving this issue.II. Causes of Modbus Poll Framing Error1. Incorrect baud rate: One of the most common causes of framing errors is a mismatch in the baud rate between the master and slave devices. The baud rate determines the rate at which data is transferred over the communication line. If the baud rate settings on the master and slave devices do not match, a framing error may occur.2. Electrical noise: Another frequent cause of framing errors is electrical noise or interference in the communication line. This noise can disrupt the transmission of data between the master and slave devices, leading to framing errors.3. Improper serial port configuration: If the serial port settings on the master device are not properly configured, it can result in framing errors. Incorrect settings such as parity, data bits, or stop bits can cause communication issues and lead to framing errors.4. Cable issues: Faulty or damaged cables connecting the master and slave devices can also cause framing errors. If there is a breakor short circuit in the cable, it can disrupt the transmission of data, leading to errors.III. Troubleshooting Modbus Poll Framing Error1. Check baud rate settings: Verify that the baud rate settings on both the master and slave devices match. Check the device's documentation or configuration software to ensure the correct baud rate is set.2. Address electrical noise: Identify and eliminate sources of electrical noise near the communication line. This can be done by relocating devices producing electromagnetic interference, using shielded cables, or installing noise filters.3. Verify serial port configuration: Review the serial port settings on the master device. Ensure that the parity, data bits, and stop bits are configured correctly based on the requirements of the slave device. Make any necessary adjustments and retest the communication.4. Inspect cables: Examine the cables connecting the master andslave devices for any visible damage, cuts, or loose connections. Replace any faulty cables, ensuring that they meet the required quality and specifications. It is also important to ensure proper cable grounding.IV. Resolving Modbus Poll Framing Error1. Restart devices: Restart both the master and slave devices. Power cycling the devices can help clear any temporary communication issues and restore proper functionality.2. Update firmware and software versions: Check for any available firmware or software updates for both the master and slave devices. Updated versions often include bug fixes and improvements that can resolve known communication issues.3. Implement error-checking mechanisms: Enable error-checking mechanisms, such as cyclic redundancy check (CRC), to detect and correct transmission errors. These mechanisms ensure data integrity and reduce the chances of framing errors.4. Monitor system logs: Monitor the system logs of both the master and slave devices for error messages or other indications of communication issues. Analyzing the logs can provide valuable insights into the root cause of framing errors.5. Seek expert assistance: If the framing error persists after following the troubleshooting steps above, consider consulting with an experienced Modbus expert or technical support from the manufacturer. They can provide specialized guidance or identify underlying issues that may require advanced troubleshooting.V. ConclusionThe Modbus poll framing error can occur due to various factors such as baud rate mismatches, electrical noise, improper serial port configuration, or cable issues. By following the troubleshooting steps outlined in this article, users can efficiently identify and resolve framing errors, ensuring reliable and uninterrupted communication within their Modbus network.Effective troubleshooting, regular maintenance, and implementingpreventive measures such as error-checking mechanisms will enhance the stability and performance of Modbus communication, ultimately contributing to the overall efficiency and productivity of industrial systems.。