第104B章许可车辆总重(permitted gross vehicle weight)三

permitsPermitsIntroductionPermits play a crucial role in various sectors and industries, serving as legal documents that grant individuals or organizations the authority to undertake certain activities or acquire certain rights. From construction projects and business operations to environmental regulations and personal endeavors, permits enable stakeholders to comply with rules and regulations while ensuring safety, accountability, and transparency. This document explores the concept of permits, their significance in different contexts, and the processes involved in obtaining them.I. Understanding PermitsA. Definition and PurposePermits are official legal documents that authorize individuals, businesses, or organizations to engage in specific activities,acquire rights, or access certain resources or areas. They are primarily designed to protect public safety, welfare, and the environment by ensuring that activities or operations comply with established rules and regulations.B. Significance1. Ensuring Compliance: Permits require applicants to meet specific criteria or standards, promoting compliance with laws, regulations, and industry best practices.2. Accountability and Traceability: Permits provide a clear record of authorized activities, allowing authorities to monitor and evaluate their impact while holding permit holders accountable.3. Safety and Risk Management: Certain permits, such as construction permits or permits for hazardous materials, help ensure that potential risks are identified, mitigated, and managed effectively.II. Types of PermitsA. Construction PermitsConstruction permits are required for any new construction, renovations, or alterations to buildings or structures. These permits ensure that projects comply with building codes, safety standards, and zoning regulations. They typically involve a review process by government authorities and may differ based on factors such as project size, complexity, and location.B. Environmental PermitsEnvironmental permits are necessary for activities that may have an impact on the environment. These permits aim to prevent or minimize harm to ecosystems, natural resources, or public health. Examples include permits for air emissions, water discharges, waste management, and endangered species protection.C. Business PermitsBusiness permits authorize individuals or entities to operate legally within a specific jurisdiction. These permits are usually required by local or national government authorities and mayvary depending on the type of business activity. Common examples include licenses for food establishments, retail operations, professional services, and entertainment venues.D. Special Use PermitsSpecial use permits grant individuals or organizations temporary access or use of public or private land or facilities for specific activities or events. These permits are often required for activities such as filming on public property, organizing public events, or conducting scientific research on protected lands.III. The Permitting ProcessA. Research and PlanningThe first step in obtaining a permit is researching and understanding the specific requirements, regulations, and processes involved. This includes identifying the appropriate issuing authority, gathering necessary documentation, and determining any associated fees.B. Application SubmissionOnce familiar with the requirements, applicants need to complete and submit the permit application along with the required supporting documents. This may include project plans, environmental impact assessments, proof of insurance, or other relevant information.C. Review and EvaluationThe issuing authority reviews the application to assess its compliance with applicable regulations. This process may involve evaluations by different departments or agencies to ensure all relevant aspects are considered. The timeframe for review varies depending on the complexity of the application and the workload of the authority.D. Approval or DenialAfter the review process, the permit may be approved, denied, or returned for further information or clarification. If approved, the applicant will receive the permit along with any conditions or restrictions that must be adhered to. In case ofdenial, the applicant may have the opportunity to appeal or make revisions to the application.E. Compliance and EnforcementOnce a permit is obtained, the permit holder is responsible for complying with all the conditions, restrictions, and timelines specified. Authorities may conduct inspections or audits to ensure ongoing compliance. Non-compliance can result in penalties, fines, or even permit revocation.IV. ConclusionPermits are essential tools that promote safety, compliance, accountability, and environmental stewardship across various industries and sectors. Understanding the different types of permits and navigating the permitting process is crucial for individuals, businesses, and organizations looking to engage in legal and responsible activities. By obtaining permits, stakeholders contribute to the overall well-being of society and help maintain a balance between development and safeguarding public interests.。

S OLAS Verified Gross Mass (VGM) R equirementSHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2| 2SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 |3The Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS)Amendment will enter into force from1July 2016and will affect all shippers,who are required tocommunicate the verified gross mass of their packed containers prior toloading.The incorrect declaration of container weight is a risk to on-and offshorepersonnel,to cargo and to equipment,on land and at sea.It has led toaccidents,which the Verified Gross Mass (VGM)requirement aims toreduce.At Maersk Line we support the commitment to safety and are wellprepared to assist our customers in meeting the new global safetyrequirements.We are committed to making the process as easy aspossible.V ERIFIED GROSS MASSA commitment to safetySHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 |4S OLAS VGM requirementWhen will the VGM requirement be enforced?The VGM requirement will be effective from 1July 2016.Hereafter,carrierssuch as Maersk Line will not be allowed to load a packed container onto theirvessels,unless a VGM has been provided by the shipper.What is the Verified Gross Mass (VGM)?The verified gross mass is the combined weight of the container tare weightand the weight of all cargo,including packaging and dunnage.Why implement the VGM?The new regulation was adopted by the IMO (International MaritimeOrganisation)to increase maritime safety and reduce risks facing cargo,containers and all those involved in container transport throughout the supplychain.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2|5Will the VGM be globally enforced?The new regulation will be enforced globally,but countries can issue their own guidelines based on the SOLAS requirement.This may affect cut-off times,VGM tolerance allowance etc.,which might differ from country to country.At Maersk Line,the local requirements will be communicatedthrough our local offices,as soon as thisinformation is made available.S OLAS VGM requirementUnder the SOLAS Maersk Line is not required to verify the VGM provided by the shipper.However,if the terminal questions the declared weight and provides a certified scaled weight for the container,that weight will be used.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 6V GM impact on shipperWho will be responsible for the VGM submission?The ‘Shipper’named on the ocean Bill of Lading is the partyresponsible for providing the VGM to the carrier.A VGM needs to besubmitted for every container being loaded on the vessel,before theload list cut-off.If the VGM is not provided in due time,the containercannot be loaded.A shipper can authorise a third party to provide the VGM on theirbehalf.Will the VGM show on the Bill of Lading?No,it will not.The VGM is declared separately from the gross cargoweight entered in the Bill of Lading.Is VGM applicable to break-bulk shipment?No,break-bulk is exempt from the VGM requirement,unless it istransported in a container.in any way?Pricing is not done based on the VGM.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 71Weighing the fully loaded container after it has been packed and doorsclosed and sealed.V GM Process & MethodsWhat are the methods of weighing thecontainer?Shippers may use one of two methods to determine theVGM:SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2| 8Weighing the content of the container (cargo and any packing materials) and then adding that to the tare weight of the container as indicated on its door .Container tare weight will be available on for dry and reefer. V GM Process & MethodsWhat are the methods of weighing thecontainer?Shippers may use one of two methods to determine theVGM:encouraged.The established digital channelsa VGM is submitted manually,theweight.How does the VGM implementation How will freight forwarders know that the shipper is supplying the right weight?The shipper is solely responsible for providing the VGM.The shipping line and freight forwarder are not responsible forverifying this information.V GM Process & Methods SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 10affect importers?Maersk Line across its global network is closely working with local authorities,terminals and other partners,to facilitate the submission of a VGM at the port of loading.As an importer,we ask that you work with your counterparts at origin to ensure a process is in place to submit the VGM to Maersk Line,following the regulations issued by local governments.\Enforcement authorities in some countries have stated a 2-5%tolerance for the VGM to be considered compliant.\For specific tolerances,please refer to the World Shipping Council website hereSHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 11What happens if a customer sends the VGM to the terminal but sends the Shipping Instructions after the loading list is finalised?The VGM will be updated in the systems and that particular container would be part of the load list if all other criteria for loading are met.Does a VGM need a certificate?Maersk Line does not require a certificate at this stage.However,as per local country rules and regulations not yet in place,a certificate could be required under Method 1.Ifa VGM certificate is required by local authorities,they shall provide additional information on the format.V GM Process & MethodsD c M rI tYes, both the gross cargo weight and the VGM must be submitted. The preferred method for submission of a VGM to Maersk Line is through one of the digital channels mentioned on page 9.\\\\\At this time, Maersk Line and above mentioned brands, do not plan to charge shippers for using our self-service portals, nor will we charge anyAt this time, Mae mentioned brands,SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 13Important things toremember as a SHIPPER:\It is the shipper’s to provide the correct VGM \Maersk line will not verify the VGM\Shippers should incorporate the VGM process in the shipment cycle\Shippers should establish a process with their supply chain partners to integrate the weighing service,if needed\Shipper should be aware that a cost might incur,if a container is admitted to the terminal without a VGM \Shipper may nominate a third party to submit the VGM.Maersk Line will record the sender in our system\If a shipper does not comply and provide the VGM in time,the carrier and the terminal will not load the containers on the vessel\Penalties for are determined by the local authorities and will vary by country\Shipper’s signature is not mandatory for submitting the VGM,when submitted via our website.Signature is only needed when submitting via channels\Maersk Line will follow up with the shipper,if the VGM is missing.\After the container has been loaded,Maersk Line will not accept any changes to the VGM.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 14As a general guidance,the VGM should be received by Maersk Line prior to the cargo gate cut-off,before loading containers on the vessel.However,given the specific requirements implemented by each port and/or terminal,the cut-off for a VGM may vary and will therefore be communicated separately by our local organisations.Therefore,Maersk Line will provide the cargo cut-off and deadlines for declaring a VGM at the time of booking via your Booking Confirmation.What if my trucker arrives at the gate and the VGM has not been communicated to the terminal?For terminals allowing the trucker at the gate without the VGM,the container(s)will be placed on VGM hold.All costs associated to movement at the terminal are for the shippers account.For terminals not allowing the trucker at the gate without the VGM,the trucker may be turned away until the VGM has been keyed in the terminal’s system.Individual terminal policy could vary from country to country and Marine Terminal Operator (MTO)V GM Cut -OffsWhat is a VGM cut-off?SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 15Several possible outcomes may occur if the VGM is not provided to Maersk Line before cut-off:\If a terminal at the port of loading has adopted the “No VGM,No Gate-in”policy,the container may be denied entry at the gate.Additional costs may incur for the time spent outside the terminal awaiting submission of the VGM.\No container will be loaded on board a vessel without a VGM,resulting in cargo delivery delays.Additionally,potential demurrage and/or detention charges may apply when a container is sitting idle at the terminal awaiting for VGM submission.\Should a container mistakenly be loaded on a vessel without a VGM,any transhipment port may refuse to handle the container.Consequently,the vessel or container may be subject to delays or be held at the transhipment terminal.\Although rail providers have announced that the VGM requirement does not impact rail operations,if a terminal has a “No VGM,No Gate-in”policy,the export container arriving to this terminal before VGM submission may result in additional charges to the customer.V GM Cut-OffsSHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 16According to the IMO guidance and the interpretation provided by some governments,containers need the VGM from 1July.However,in practical terms it will be extremely difficult to abide by,since in effect it would mean that shipper and carrier together would have to set and agree on a new and much earlier time of submission of the VGM for containers to be transhipped,probably weeks in advance of 1July.We are working on finding a bridging solution for transhipment containers (and boxes on hold for various reasons).Do containers loaded from first load port before 1July 2016,but transhipping after 1July,need to have a VGM in order to be loaded at transhipment ports?V GM Cut-OffsIn the absence of harmonisation of the SOLAS Amendment, each member state will potentially interpret and implement the VGM differently. It is therefore important that shippers check local rules and regulations.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 17Will containers be accepted at the inland point without a VGM?V GM and InlandVGM at inland point will be a local decision,however the VGM will be a mandatory requirement for loading on the vessel in the first load port.Containers will be accepted at the inland point without the VGM,but it should be submitted before load list cut-off.The recommendation is to submit the VGM as early as possible.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 18While Maersk Line will comply with the IMO’s SOLAS requirement for VGM prior to loading,some terminals may adopt an additional buffer known as the “No VGM,No Gate-in”policy.It is important to emphasise that the “No VGM,No Gate-in”policy is decided and enforced by the terminal and not by Maersk Line.This policy will prevent a packed container from entering the gate in the absence of the VGM.In the event of a terminal enforcing a “No VGM,No Gate-in”policy,the VGM will need to be submitted to Maersk Line in due time before Gate-in.The exact submission deadline will be communicated separately and on once timings have been confirmed.“No VGM, No Gate-in” PolicyWhat is the “No VGM, No Gate-in” policy?SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 19T are weights and moreinformation onterminalsTare weight can be found on the container door as well as on ,please refer to page 22.Where can I obtain the tare weight of a container?How accurate is the container’s door tare weight?The weight indicated on the container door (CSC Plate)should be considered as accurate.Maersk Line will be launching a solution to facilitate this method for customers by providing a convenient way to lookup the container tare weight on our website ,please refer to page 22.SHIPPERS’ GUIDE -version 2 | 20We expect that many terminals may decide to offer a VGM weighing service as the 1July implementation date gets closer.If not,shippers should use a certified weighing station outside the terminal.Will any terminals offer weighing services?This depends on the position taken by the terminal operator.Weighing at the ocean terminal should be seen as an exception.Shippers should seek to weigh and provide VGM prior to Gate-in at the terminal.This is done to optimize the vessel operation,minimise risk of missing the cut-off and the cost incurred by shipper from extra weighing and handling at terminals.Any VGM weighing service provided by the terminal for the shipper is at the cost of the shipper.Will all ocean container terminals have weighing scales in place to perform weighing?T are weights and more information on terminals。

联合国欧洲经济委员会汽车法规法规代号法规名称ECE R1（R2）关于批准发射不对称近光并装有R2/或HS1类白炽灯的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R3 关于批准机动车及其挂车回复反射器的统一规定ECE R4 关于批准机动车(不含摩托车)及其挂车后牌照板照明装置的统一规定ECE R5 关于批准发射欧洲不对称近光和/或远光机动车封闭式前照灯(SB)的统一规定ECE R6 关于批准机动车及其挂车方向指示器的统一规定ECE R7 关于批准机动车（不含摩托车）及其挂车前后位置（侧）灯、驻车灯和示廓灯的统一规定ECE R8 关于批准发射不对称近光和/或远光并装有卤素灯丝灯泡（H1、H2、H3、HB3、HB4、H7、H8、H9、HIR1、HIR2和/或H11）的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R9 就噪声方面批准L2、L4和L5类车辆的统一规定ECE R10 就电磁兼容性方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R11 就门锁和门保持件方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R12 就碰撞中防止转向机构伤害驾驶员方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R13 就制动方面批准M类、N类和O类车辆的统一规定ECE R13-H 就制动方面批准乘用车的统一规定（欧美日协调版）ECE R14 就安全带固定点、ISOFIX固定系统和ISOFIX上拉带带固定点方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R15 就发动机气体污染物排放方面批准装有点火式发动机或压燃式发动机的车辆的统一规定—点火式发动机的功率测量方法—车辆的油耗测量方法ECE R16 关于批准Ⅰ. 机动车乘员安全带、约束系统、儿童约束系统和ISOFIX儿童约束系统Ⅱ. 车辆安装安全带、安全带提示器，约束系统、儿童约束系统和ISOFIX儿童约束系统的统一规定ECE R17 就座椅、座椅固定点和头枕方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R18 就防盗方面批准机动车的统一规定ECE R19 关于批准机动车前雾灯的统一规定ECE R20 关于批准发射非对称近光和/或远光并装有卤素灯丝灯泡（H4灯泡）的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R21 就内配件方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R22 关于批准摩托车和轻便摩托车驾驶员及乘客用头盔和面罩的统一规定ECE R23 关于批准机动车辆及其挂车的倒车灯和操作灯的统一规定ECE R24 就：1.可见污染物排放方面批准压燃式(C.I)发动机；2.安装已获型式批准的C.I.发动机方面批准机动车；3. 发动机的可见污染物排放方面批准装用C.I.发动机的机动车辆；4. C.I.发动机的功率测量的统一规定ECE R25 关于批准与车辆座椅一体或非一体的头枕的统一规定ECE R26 就外部凸出物方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R27 关于批准三角警告牌的统一规定ECE R28 关于批准声响报警装置和就声响信号方面批准机动车的统一规定ECE R29 关于商用车辆驾驶室乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R30 关于批准机动车及其挂车气压轮胎的统一规定ECE R31 关于批准发射非对称近光和/或远光的封闭式（SB）机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R32 就追尾碰撞中被撞车辆的结构特性方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R33 就正面冲撞中被撞的结构特性方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R34 就防火方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R35 就脚控制件的布置方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R36 就一般结构方面批准大型客车的统一规定ECE R37 关于批准用于已经批准的机动车及其挂车灯具中的白炽灯的统一规定ECE R38 关于批准机动车及其挂车后雾灯的统一规定ECE R39 就车速表及其安装方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R40 就发动机气体污染物的排放方面批准装有点燃式发动机的摩托车的统一规定ECE R41 就噪声方面批准摩托车的统一规定ECE R42 就车辆前、后防护装置（保险杠等）批准车辆的统一规定ECE R43 关于批准安全玻璃材料及其在车辆上安装的统一规定ECE R44 关于批准机动车儿童乘员约束装置(儿童约束系统)的统一规定ECE R45 关于批准前照灯清洗器和就前照灯清洗器方面批准机动车辆的统一规定ECE R46 关于批准后视镜和就后视镜的安装方面批准机动车辆的统一规定ECE R47 就发动机的气体污染物排放方面批准装有点火发动机的轻便摩托车的统一规定ECE R48 就照明和光信号装置的安装方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R49 就控制车用压燃式发动机和点燃式发动机的气体污染物和颗粒物排放措施方面的统一规定ECE R50 关于批准摩托车前后位置灯、制动灯、转向信号灯和后牌照板照明装置的统一规定ECE R51 就噪声方面批准四轮及四轮以上机动车的统一规定ECE R52 就总体结构方面批准M2和M3类车辆的统一规定ECE R53 就灯光及光信号装置的安装方面批准L3类车辆（摩托车）的统一规定ECE R54 关于批准商用车辆及其挂车充气轮胎的统一规定ECE R55 关于批准汽车列车机械连接件的统一规定ECE R56 关于批准轻便摩托车及类似车辆前照灯的统一规定ECE R57 关于批准摩托车及类似车辆前照灯的统一规定ECE R58 关于1.批准后下部防护装置（RUPDs）；2.就已批准的后下部防护装置的安装方面批准车辆；3.就后下部防护装置方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R59 关于批准备用消声系统的统一规定ECE R60 就驾驶员操纵的控制件，包括控制件的识别，信号装置和指示器方面批准两轮摩托车、轻便摩托车的统一规定ECE R61 就驾驶室后围板前外部凸出物方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R62 就防盗方面批准带有操纵把的机动车的统一规定ECE R63 就噪声方面批准两轮轻便摩托车的统一规定ECE R64 关于批准装有应急备用轮胎、跑气保用轮胎和/或跑气保用系统的车辆的统一规定ECE R65 关于批准机动车及其挂车特别警告灯的统一规定ECE R66 就上部结构强度方面批准大型乘客车的统一规定ECE R67 关于：1.批准在驱动系统中使用液化石油气的机动车辆特殊装置的统一规定；2.就该装置的安装批准机动车辆的统一规定ECE R68 就最大车速的测量方面批准包括纯电动车辆在内的机动车的统一规定ECE R69 关于批准低速车辆及其挂车后标志牌的统一规定ECE R70 关于批准重，长型车辆后标志牌的统一规定ECE R71 关于驾驶员视野方面批准农用拖拉机的统一规定ECE R72 关于批准发射非对称近光和远光并装有卤素灯（HS1）的摩托车前照灯的统一规定ECE R73 关于货车侧面保护方面的统一规定ECE R74 关于灯光和光信号装置方面批准L1类车辆的统一规定ECE R75 关于批准摩托车和轻便摩托车气压轮胎的统一规定ECE R76 关于批准发射远光和近光的轻便摩托车前照灯的统一规定ECE R77 关于批准机动车驻车灯的统一规定ECE R78 就制动方面批准L1，L2,L3,L4,L5类车辆的统一规定ECE R79 就转向装置方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R80 就座椅强度及其固定点方面批准大型客车座椅和车辆的统一规定ECE R81 就车把上后视镜的安装方面批准后视镜及带与不带边斗的二轮机动车的统一规定ECE R82 关于批准装用卤素灯丝灯泡（HS2）的轻便摩托车前照灯的统一规定ECE R83 关于根据发动机燃料要求就污染物排放方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R84 就油耗测量方面批准装有内燃机的轿车的统一规定ECE R85 就净功率和电驱动系统最大30min功率测量方面批准用于驱动M类和N类机动车辆的内燃机或电驱动系统的统一规定ECE R86 关于批准农林拖拉机的灯光和光信号装置安装方面的统一规定ECE R87 关于批准机动车白天行车灯的统一规定ECE R88 关于批准两轮车反光轮胎的统一规定ECE R89 关于车辆速度限制的统一规定ECE R90 关于批准机动车辆及其挂车用可更替制动衬片总成的统一规定ECE R91 关于批准机动车及其挂车侧标志灯的统一规定ECE R92 关于批准摩托车、轻便摩托车和三轮车辆非原装可更换排气消声系统（RESS）的统一规定ECE R93 关于批准车辆前下部防护装置的统一规定ECE R94 就正面碰撞中乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R95 就侧碰撞中乘员防护方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R96 就发动机污染物排放方面批准安装在农林拖拉机和非道路机动机械中的压燃式发动机的统一规定ECE R97 关于其报警系统方面批准车辆报警系统和机动车辆的统一规定ECE R98 关于批准装用气体放电光源的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R99 关于批准用于已通过认证的机动车的气体放电灯具的气体放电光源的统一规定ECE R100 就特殊要求方面批准电动车辆的统一规定ECE R101 就CO2和燃料消耗量的测量方面批准仅装用内燃机的乘用车或混合动力电动乘用车，和就电能消耗量和续驶里程的测量方面批准仅装用电驱动的M1和N1类车辆的统一规定ECE R102 关于1.批准紧耦合装置(CCD)；2.就已批准的紧耦合装置的安装方面批准车辆的统一规定ECE R103 关于批准机动车辆可更换催化转化器的统一规定ECE R104 关于批准M、N、O类机动车回复反射标志的统一规定ECE R105 关于特殊结构特征方面批准用于运输危险货物的机动车的统一规定ECE R106 关于批准农用机动车及其挂车用充气轮胎的统一规定ECE R107 就一般结构方面批准M2和M3类车辆的统一规定ECE R108 关于批准机动车及其挂车用翻新充气轮胎产品的统一规定ECE R109 关于批准商用车及其挂车用翻新充气轮胎产品的统一规定ECE R110 关于：1.批准在其驱动系统使用压缩天然气（CNG）的机动车的特殊部件；2.就已批准的特殊部件的安装方面批准在其驱动系统使用压缩天然气（CNG）的机动车的统一规定ECE R111 就倾翻稳定性方面批准N类和O类罐式机动车的统一规定ECE R112 关于批准发射不对称远光和/或近光并装用灯丝灯泡和/或LED模块的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R113 关于批准发射对称远光和/或近光并装用灯丝灯泡、放电光源和/或LED模块的机动车前照灯的统一规定ECE R114 关于批准: 1.更换性气囊系统用气囊组件；2.装有已经批准的气囊组件的可更换方向盘；3.安装在方向盘以外部位的更换性气囊系统的统一规定ECE R115 关于批准：1.在驱动系统中使用液化石油气（LPG）的机动车辆上安装的特殊液化石油气加注系统；2.在驱动系统中使用压缩天然气（CNG）的机动车辆上安装的特殊压缩天然气加注系统的统一规定ECE R116 关于机动车辆防盗保护的统一技术规定ECE R117 在滚动噪声和湿滑路面粘附方面批准轮胎的统一规定ECE R118 用于某些类型机动车辆内部结构的材料的燃烧特性和/或燃料或润滑材料性能的统一技术规定ECE R119 关于批准机动车转弯灯的统一规定ECE R120 就净功率、净扭矩和油耗的测量批准农林拖拉机和非道路机动机械装用的内燃机的统一规定ECE R121 就手操纵件、信号装置、指示器的位置和识别批准机动车辆的统一规定ECE R122 就加热系统批准M、N和O类车辆的统一规定ECE R123 关于批准机动车辆适应性前照灯（AFS）的统一规定ECE R124 关于批准乘用车及挂车车轮的统一规定ECE R125 就驾驶员前视野方面批准机动车辆的统一规定ECE R126 关于批准用于保护乘员免受行李箱冲击伤害、作为非原始车辆装备供应的隔离系统的统一规定ECE R127 机动车辆关于行人安全性能的统一规定ECE R128 机动车辆及其挂车灯具中使用发光二极管（LED)光源的统一规定ECE R129 增强性儿童约束系统（ECRS)ECE R130 道路偏离警示系统（LDWS)ECE R131 紧急制动预警系统（AEBS)ECE R132 关于批准装备有压缩点火发动机的重型车辆、农林用牵引车及非道路用移动器械的改装排放控制装置（REC）的统一规定ECE R133 关于批准机动车辆再利用、再循环及回收利用的统一规定ECE R134 关于批准机动车辆及其部件的氢能与燃料电池车辆（HFCV）安全相关性能的统一规定ECE R135 关于批准车辆侧面柱碰性能的统一规定ECE R136 关于批准L类车辆电驱动系统特殊要求的统一规定ECE R137 关于以约束系统为重点的正面碰撞中批准乘用车的统一规定ECE R138 安静行驶道路车辆ECE R139 制动辅助系统（BAS）ECE R140 电子稳定控制系统（ESC）ECE R141 胎压监测系统（TPMS）ECE R142 关于批准机动车辆轮胎安装的统一规定。

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※第一单元：运输管理导论 1 运输管理的作用2 运输和物流战略3 运输方式※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※1.1 什么是运输？运输是指人或货物借助运输工具和运输基础设施在空间产生的位移。

1.2 运输管理的目标？1提供客户所需要的服务水平2在可接受的投资水平下，成本最小化1.3 运输经理的职责？1成本核算2选择运输方式和路线3同管理层沟通4有效的使用人员和车辆5保证运营合法和安全6安排向客户快捷送货7突发事件的处理8决定运输是自营还是外包9运输绩效的控制10制定运输价格11运输合同管理1.4 运输管理的三个层次？1长期的战略层次：运输管理者应该注意到未来供应商、生产商和消费者的数量以及产品数量等方面预期的发展，这些将有助于建立运输的长期发展规划；2中期的战术层次：有关预期会改变的因素都需要反应在中期规划的框架中，从而使运输管理人员有充分的前置期，来建立和实施运输体系过程并控制其中相应的变化3短期的运营层次：指那些在运输过程中产生短期限定条件或计划的要素。

它们通常是所采取的某个具体行动，或是为了满足某些变化而需要采取的行动，这些变化在以前的中期计划循环中并未指出2.1 运输战略要考虑的内容？1成本和服务水平之间的权衡2我们现在身在何处？（运输途径车辆型号车辆获取方式车辆更换政策车辆成本/运力的测量方法线路规划和行程安排方法）3我们要到何处？（竞争的长期趋势变动供应商基础条件客户基础条件要求的体积、产量或产品组合变化立法的趋势/变化新技术可用的资源）4我们如何到达那里？这需要从企业总体物流战略的角度来制定运输战略，评估每个备选方案的物流过程的整体效力，只有这样，才能做出正确的选择5我们如何得知我们是否已完成目标？对每一个执行的运输方案，我们都要对主要成本和关键生产力的绩效指标进行分析。

Airport Handling ManualEffective 1 January—31 December 201838NOTICEDISCLAIMER. The information contained in thispublication is subject to constant review in the lightof changing government requirements and regula-tions. No subscriber or other reader should act onthe basis of any such information without referringto applicable laws and regulations and/or withouttak ing appropriate professional advice. Althoughevery effort has been made to ensure accuracy, theInternational Air Transport Association shall not beheld responsible for any loss or damage caused byerrors, omissions, misprints or misinterpretation ofthe contents hereof. Furthermore, the InternationalAir Transport Association expressly disclaims anyand all liability to any person or entity, whether apurchaser of this publication or not, in respect ofanything done or omitted, and the consequencesof anything done or omitted, by any such person orentity in reliance on the contents of this publication.Opinions expressed in advertisements appearing inthis publication are the advertiser’s opinions and donot necessarily reflect those of IATA. The mentionof specific companies or products in advertisementdoes not imply that they are endorsed or recom-mended by IATA in preference to others of a simi-lar nature which are not mentioned or advertised.© International Air Transport Association. AllRights Reserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced, recast, reformatted or trans-mitted in any form by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, record-ing or any information storage and retrieval sys-tem, without the prior written permission from:Senior Vice PresidentAirport, Passenger, Cargo and SecurityInternational Air Transport Association800 Place VictoriaP.O. Box 113Montreal, QuebecCANADA H4Z 1M1Airport Handling ManualMaterial No.: 9343-38ISBN 978-92-9229-505-9© 2017 International Air Transport Association. All rights reserved.TABLE OF CONTENTSPage Preface (xv)Introduction (xvii)General (1)AHM001Chapter0—Record of Revisions (1)AHM011Standard Classification and Numbering for Members Airport Handling Manuals (2)AHM012Office Function Designators for Airport Passenger and Baggage Handling (30)AHM020Guidelines for the Establishment of Airline Operators Committees (31)AHM021Guidelines for Establishing Aircraft Ground Times (34)AHM050Aircraft Emergency Procedures (35)AHM070E-Invoicing Standards (53)Chapter1—PASSENGER HANDLING (91)AHM100Chapter1—Record of Revisions (91)AHM110Involuntary Change of Carrier,Routing,Class or Type of Fare (92)AHM112Denied Boarding Compensation (98)AHM120Inadmissible Passengers and Deportees (99)AHM140Items Removed from a Passenger's Possession by Security Personnel (101)AHM141Hold Loading of Duty-Free Goods (102)AHM170Dangerous Goods in Passenger Baggage (103)AHM176Recommendations for the Handling of Passengers with Reduced Mobility(PRM) (105)AHM176A Acceptance and Carriage of Passengers with Reduced Mobility(PRM) (106)AHM180Carriage of Passengers with Communicable Diseases (114)AHM181General Guidelines for Passenger Agents in Case of SuspectedCommunicable Disease (115)Chapter2—BAGGAGE HANDLING (117)AHM200Chapter2—Record of Revisions (117)AHM210Local Baggage Committees (118)AHM211Airport Operating Rules (124)Airport Handling ManualPageChapter2—BAGGAGE HANDLING(continued)AHM212Interline Connecting Time Intervals—Passenger and Checked Baggage (126)AHM213Form of Interline Baggage Tags (128)AHM214Use of the10Digit Licence Plate (135)AHM215Found and Unclaimed Checked Baggage (136)AHM216On-Hand Baggage Summary Tag (138)AHM217Forwarding Mishandled Baggage (139)AHM218Dangerous Goods in Passengers'Baggage (141)AHM219Acceptance of Firearms and Other Weapons and Small Calibre Ammunition (142)AHM221Acceptance of Power Driven Wheelchairs or Other Battery Powered Mobility Aidsas Checked Baggage (143)AHM222Passenger/Baggage Reconciliation Procedures (144)AHM223Licence Plate Fallback Sortation Tags (151)AHM224Baggage Taken in Error (154)AHM225Baggage Irregularity Report (156)AHM226Tracing Unchecked Baggage and Handling Damage to Checked and UncheckedBaggage (159)AHM230Baggage Theft and Pilferage Prevention (161)AHM231Carriage of Carry-On Baggage (164)AHM232Handling of Security Removed Items (168)AHM240Baggage Codes for Identifying ULD Contents and/or Bulk-Loaded Baggage (169)Chapter3—CARGO/MAIL HANDLING (171)AHM300Chapter3—Record of Revisions (171)AHM310Preparation for Loading of Cargo (172)AHM311Securing of Load (174)AHM312Collection Sacks and Bags (177)AHM320Handling of Damaged Cargo (178)AHM321Handling of Pilfered Cargo (179)AHM322Handling Wet Cargo (180)AHM330Handling Perishable Cargo (182)AHM331Handling and Protection of Valuable Cargo (184)AHM332Handling and Stowage of Live Animals (188)AHM333Handling of Human Remains (190)Table of ContentsPageChapter3—CARGO/MAIL HANDLING(continued)AHM340Acceptance Standards for the Interchange of Transferred Unit Load Devices (191)AHM345Handling of Battery Operated Wheelchairs/Mobility AIDS as Checked Baggage (197)AHM350Mail Handling (199)AHM351Mail Documents (203)AHM353Handling of Found Mail (218)AHM354Handling of Damaged Mail (219)AHM355Mail Security (220)AHM356Mail Safety (221)AHM357Mail Irregularity Message (222)AHM360Company Mail (224)AHM380Aircraft Documents Stowage (225)AHM381Special Load—Notification to Captain(General) (226)AHM382Special Load—Notification to Captain(EDP Format and NOTOC Service) (231)AHM383Special Load—Notification to Captain(EDP NOTOC Summary) (243)AHM384NOTOC Message(NTM) (246)Chapter4—AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND LOADING (251)AHM400Chapter4—Record of Revisions (251)AHM411Provision and Carriage of Loading Accessories (252)AHM420Tagging of Unit Load Devices (253)AHM421Storage of Unit Load Devices (263)AHM422Control of Transferred Unit Load Devices (268)AHM423Unit Load Device Stock Check Message (273)AHM424Unit Load Device Control Message (275)AHM425Continued Airworthiness of Unit Load Devices (279)AHM426ULD Buildup and Breakdown (283)AHM427ULD Transportation (292)AHM430Operating of Aircraft Doors (295)AHM431Aircraft Ground Stability—Tipping (296)AHM440Potable Water Servicing (297)AHM441Aircraft Toilet Servicing (309)Airport Handling ManualPageChapter4—AIRCRAFT HANDLING AND LOADING(continued)AHM450Standardisation of Gravity Forces against which Load must be Restrained (310)AHM451Technical Malfunctions Limiting Load on Aircraft (311)AHM453Handling/Bulk Loading of Heavy Items (312)AHM454Handling and Loading of Big Overhang Items (313)AHM455Non CLS Restrained ULD (316)AHM460Guidelines for Turnround Plan (323)AHM462Safe Operating Practices in Aircraft Handling (324)AHM463Safety Considerations for Aircraft Movement Operations (337)AHM465Foreign Object Damage(FOD)Prevention Program (340)Chapter5—LOAD CONTROL (343)AHM500Chapter5—Record of Revisions (343)AHM501Terms and Definitions (345)AHM503Recommended Requirements for a New Departure Control System (351)AHM504Departure Control System Evaluation Checklist (356)AHM505Designation of Aircraft Holds,Compartments,Bays and Cabin (362)AHM510Handling/Load Information Codes to be Used on Traffic Documents and Messages (368)AHM513Aircraft Structural Loading Limitations (377)AHM514EDP Loading Instruction/Report (388)AHM515Manual Loading Instruction/Report (404)AHM516Manual Loadsheet (416)AHM517EDP Loadsheet (430)AHM518ACARS Transmitted Loadsheet (439)AHM519Balance Calculation Methods (446)AHM520Aircraft Equipped with a CG Targeting System (451)AHM530Weights for Passengers and Baggage (452)AHM531Procedure for Establishing Standard Weights for Passengers and Baggage (453)AHM533Passengers Occupying Crew Seats (459)AHM534Weight Control of Load (460)AHM536Equipment in Compartments Procedure (461)AHM537Ballast (466)Table of ContentsPageChapter5—LOAD CONTROL(continued)AHM540Aircraft Unit Load Device—Weight and Balance Control (467)AHM550Pilot in Command's Approval of the Loadsheet (468)AHM551Last Minute Changes on Loadsheet (469)AHM561Departure Control System,Carrier's Approval Procedures (471)AHM562Semi-Permanent Data Exchange Message(DEM) (473)AHM564Migration from AHM560to AHM565 (480)AHM565EDP Semi-Permanent Data Exchange for New Generation Departure Control Systems (500)AHM570Automated Information Exchange between Check-in and Load Control Systems (602)AHM571Passenger and Baggage Details for Weight and Balance Report(PWR) (608)AHM580Unit Load Device/Bulk Load Weight Statement (613)AHM581Unit Load Device/Bulk Load Weight Signal (615)AHM583Loadmessage (619)AHM587Container/Pallet Distribution Message (623)AHM588Statistical Load Summary (628)AHM590Load Control Procedures and Loading Supervision Responsibilities (631)AHM591Weight and Balance Load Control and Loading Supervision Training and Qualifications (635)Chapter6—MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY (641)AHM600Chapter6—Record of Revisions (641)AHM610Guidelines for a Safety Management System (642)AHM611Airside Personnel:Responsibilities,Training and Qualifications (657)AHM612Airside Performance Evaluation Program (664)AHM615Quality Management System (683)AHM616Human Factors Program (715)AHM619Guidelines for Producing Emergency Response Plan(s) (731)AHM620Guidelines for an Emergency Management System (733)AHM621Security Management (736)AHM633Guidelines for the Handling of Emergencies Requiring the Evacuation of an Aircraft During Ground Handling (743)AHM650Ramp Incident/Accident Reporting (745)AHM652Recommendations for Airside Safety Investigations (750)AHM660Carrier Guidelines for Calculating Aircraft Ground Accident Costs (759)Airport Handling ManualChapter7—AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT CONTROL (761)AHM700Chapter7—Record of Revisions (761)AHM710Standards for Message Formats (762)AHM711Standards for Message Corrections (764)AHM730Codes to be Used in Aircraft Movement and Diversion Messages (765)AHM731Enhanced Reporting on ATFM Delays by the Use of Sub Codes (771)AHM780Aircraft Movement Message (774)AHM781Aircraft Diversion Message (786)AHM782Fuel Monitoring Message (790)AHM783Request Information Message (795)AHM784Gate Message (797)AHM785Aircraft Initiated Movement Message(MVA) (802)AHM790Operational Aircraft Registration(OAR)Message (807)Chapter8—GROUND HANDLING AGREEMENTS (811)AHM800Chapter8—Record of Revisions (811)AHM801Introduction to and Comments on IATA Standard Ground Handling Agreement(SGHA) (812)AHM803Service Level Agreement Example (817)AHM810IATA Standard Ground Handling Agreement (828)AHM811Yellow Pages (871)AHM813Truck Handling (872)AHM815Standard Transportation Documents Service Main Agreement (873)AHM817Standard Training Agreement (887)AHM830Ground Handling Charge Note (891)AHM840Model Agreement for Electronic Data Interchange(EDI) (894)Chapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS (911)AHM900Chapter9—Record of Revisions (911)AHM901Functional Specifications (914)AHM904Aircraft Servicing Points and System Requirements (915)AIRBUS A300B2320-/B4/C4 (917)A300F4-600/-600C4 (920)A310–200/200C/300 (926)A318 (930)A319 (933)Table of ContentsPageChapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS(continued) AHM904Aircraft Doors,Servicing Points and System Requirements for the Use of Ground Support Equipment(continued)A320 (936)A321 (940)A330-200F (943)A330-300 (948)A340-200 (951)A340-300 (955)A340-500 (959)A340-600 (962)Airbus350900passenger (965)AIRBUS A380-800/-800F (996)ATR42100/200 (999)ATR72 (1000)AVRO RJ70 (1001)AVRO RJ85 (1002)AVRO RJ100 (1003)B727-200 (1004)B737–200/200C (1008)B737-300,400,-500 (1010)B737-400 (1013)B737-500 (1015)B737-600,-700,-700C (1017)B737-700 (1020)B737-800 (1022)B737-900 (1026)B747–100SF/200C/200F (1028)B747–400/400C (1030)B757–200 (1038)B757–300 (1040)Airport Handling ManualPageChapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS(continued) AHM904Aircraft Doors,Servicing Points and System Requirements for the Use of Ground Support Equipment(continued)B767—200/200ER (1041)B767—300/300ER (1044)B767—400ER (1048)B777–200/200LR (1051)B777–300/300ER (1055)Boeing787800passenger (1059)BAe ATP(J61) (1067)Bombardier CS100 (1068)Bombardier CS300 (1072)CL-65(CRJ100/200) (1076)DC8–40/50F SERIES (1077)DC8–61/61F (1079)DC8–62/62F (1081)DC8–63/63F (1083)DC9–15/21 (1085)DC9–32 (1086)DC9–41 (1087)DC9–51 (1088)DC10–10/10CF (1089)DC10–30/40,30/40CF (1091)EMBRAER EMB-135Regional Models (1092)EMBRAER EMB-145Regional Models (1094)Embraer170 (1096)Embraer175 (1098)Embraer190 (1100)Embraer195 (1102)FOKKER50(F27Mk050) (1104)FOKKER50(F27Mk0502) (1106)Chapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS(continued) AHM904Aircraft Doors,Servicing Points and System Requirements for the Use of Ground Support Equipment(continued)FOKKER70(F28Mk0070) (1108)FOKKER100(F28Mk0100) (1110)FOKKER100(F28Mk0100) (1112)IL-76T (1114)MD-11 (1116)MD–80SERIES (1118)SAAB2000 (1119)SAAB SF-340 (1120)TU-204 (1122)AHM905Reference Material for Civil Aircraft Ground Support Equipment (1125)AHM905A Cross Reference of IATA Documents with SAE,CEN,and ISO (1129)AHM909Summary of Unit Load Device Capacity and Dimensions (1131)AHM910Basic Requirements for Aircraft Ground Support Equipment (1132)AHM911Ground Support Equipment Requirements for Compatibility with Aircraft Unit Load Devices (1136)AHM912Standard Forklift Pockets Dimensions and Characteristics for Forkliftable General Support Equipment (1138)AHM913Basic Safety Requirements for Aircraft Ground Support Equipment (1140)AHM914Compatibility of Ground Support Equipment with Aircraft Types (1145)AHM915Standard Controls (1147)AHM916Basic Requirements for Towing Vehicle Interface(HITCH) (1161)AHM917Basic Minimum Preventive Maintenance Program/Schedule (1162)AHM920Functional Specification for Self-Propelled Telescopic Passenger Stairs (1164)AHM920A Functional Specification for Towed Passenger Stairs (1167)AHM921Functional Specification for Boarding/De-Boarding Vehicle for Passengers withReduced Mobility(PRM) (1169)AHM922Basic Requirements for Passenger Boarding Bridge Aircraft Interface (1174)AHM923Functional Specification for Elevating Passenger Transfer Vehicle (1180)AHM924Functional Specification for Heavy Item Lift Platform (1183)AHM925Functional Specification for a Self-Propelled Conveyor-Belt Loader (1184)AHM925A Functional Specification for a Self-Propelled Ground Based in-Plane LoadingSystem for Bulk Cargo (1187)Chapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS(continued) AHM925B Functional Specification for a Towed Conveyor-Belt Loader (1190)AHM926Functional Specification for Upper Deck Catering Vehicle (1193)AHM927Functional Specification for Main Deck Catering Vehicle (1197)AHM930Functional Specification for an Upper Deck Container/Pallet Loader (1201)AHM931Functional Specification for Lower Deck Container/Pallet Loader (1203)AHM932Functional Specification for a Main Deck Container/Pallet Loader (1206)AHM933Functional Specification of a Powered Extension Platform to Lower Deck/Container/ Pallet Loader (1209)AHM934Functional Specification for a Narrow Body Lower Deck Single Platform Loader (1211)AHM934A Functional Specification for a Single Platform Slave Loader Bed for Lower DeckLoading Operations (1213)AHM936Functional Specification for a Container Loader Transporter (1215)AHM938Functional Specification for a Large Capacity Freighter and Combi Aircraft TailStanchion (1218)AHM939Functional Specification for a Transfer Platform Lift (1220)AHM941Functional Specification for Equipment Used for Establishing the Weight of aULD/BULK Load (1222)AHM942Functional Specification for Storage Equipment Used for Unit Load Devices (1224)AHM950Functional Specification for an Airport Passenger Bus (1225)AHM951Functional Specification for a Crew Transportation Vehicle (1227)AHM953Functional Specifications for a Valuable Cargo Vehicle (1229)AHM954Functional Specification for an Aircraft Washing Machine (1230)AHM955Functional Specification for an Aircraft Nose Gear Towbar Tractor (1232)AHM956Functional Specification for Main Gear Towbarless Tractor (1235)AHM957Functional Specification for Nose Gear Towbarless Tractor (1237)AHM958Functional Specification for an Aircraft Towbar (1240)AHM960Functional Specification for Unit Load Device Transport Vehicle (1242)AHM961Functional Specification for a Roller System for Unit Load Device Transportation on Trucks (1245)AHM962Functional Specification for a Rollerised Platform for the Transportation of Twenty Foot Unit Load Devices that Interfaces with Trucks Equipped to Accept Freight ContainersComplying with ISO668:1988 (1247)AHM963Functional Specification for a Baggage/Cargo Cart (1249)AHM965Functional Specification for a Lower Deck Container Turntable Dolly (1250)AHM966Functional Specification for a Pallet Dolly (1252)Chapter9—AIRPORT HANDLING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS(continued) AHM967Functional Specification for a Twenty Foot Unit Load Device Dolly (1254)AHM968Functional Specification for Ramp Equipment Tractors (1256)AHM969Functional Specification for a Pallet/Container Transporter (1257)AHM970Functional Specification for a Self-Propelled Potable Water Vehicle with Rear orFront Servicing (1259)AHM971Functional Specification for a Self-Propelled Lavatory Service Vehicle with Rear orFront Servicing (1262)AHM972Functional Specifications for a Ground Power Unit for Aircraft Electrical System (1265)AHM973Functional Specification for a Towed Aircraft Ground Heater (1269)AHM974Functional Specification for Aircraft Air Conditioning(Cooling)Unit (1272)AHM975Functional Specifications for Self-Propelled Aircraft De-Icing/Anti-Icing Unit (1274)AHM976Functional Specifications for an Air Start Unit (1278)AHM977Functional Specification for a Towed De-Icing/Anti-Icing Unit (1280)AHM978Functional Specification for a Towed Lavatory Service Cart (1283)AHM979Functional Specification for a Towed Boarding/De-Boarding Device for Passengers with Reduced Mobility(PRM)for Commuter-Type Aircraft (1285)AHM980Functional Specification for a Self-Propelled Petrol/Diesel Refueling Vehicle forGround Support Equipment (1287)AHM981Functional Specification for a Towed Potable Water Service Cart (1289)AHM990Guidelines for Preventative Maintenance of Aircraft Towbars (1291)AHM994Criteria for Consideration of the Investment in Ground Support Equipment (1292)AHM995Basic Unit Load Device Handling System Requirements (1296)AHM997Functional Specification for Sub-Freezing Aircraft Air Conditioning Unit (1298)Chapter10—ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR GROUND HANDLING OPERATIONS (1301)AHM1000Chapter10—Record of Revisions (1301)AHM1001Environmental Specifications for Ground Handling Operations (1302)AHM1002Environmental Impact on the Use of Ground Support Equipment (1303)AHM1003GSE Environmental Quality Audit (1305)AHM1004Guidelines for Calculating GSE Exhaust Emissions (1307)AHM1005Guidelines for an Environmental Management System (1308)Chapter11—GROUND OPERATIONS TRAINING PROGRAM (1311)AHM1100Chapter11—Record of Revisions (1311)AHM1110Ground Operations Training Program (1312)Appendix A—References (1347)Appendix B—Glossary (1379)Alphabetical List of AHM Titles (1387)IATA Strategic Partners..............................................................................................................................SP–1。

中华人民共和国铁道部铁路超限超重货物运输规则(铁运[2007]62号)自2007年4月1日起实行目录第一章总则 (2)第二章定义及等级划分 (3)第三章托运、受理和承运 (4)第四章途中检查 (9)第五章超限、超重车运行 (9)第六章电气化区段运输 (11)第七章专列运输 (12)第八章建筑限界管理 (13)第九章国际联运超限货物的办理 (13)第十章长大货物车的运用管理 (14)第十一章附则 (15)附件1 机车车辆限界图 (16)附件2 货物计算宽度的计算方法 (17)附件3 各级超限限界图 (20)附件 4 机车车辆限界、各级超限限界与建筑限界距离线路中心线所在垂直平面尺寸表 (21)附件5 超重货物分级表 (28)附件6 超限超重货物运输电报代号 (29)格式一超限超重货物托运说明书 (30)格式二超限超重货物运输记录 (31)格式三超限超重车辆挂运通知单 (33)格式四长大货物车18点登记簿 (34)格式五超限超重车辆（装、卸、运行）登记簿 (35)格式六超限货物运量统计表 (36)格式七超重货物运量统计表 (37)附录一：长大货物车常用技术参数表 (38)附录二：平车常用技术参数表 (42)第一章总则第1条为规范铁路超限、超重货物运输工作，确保运输安全，依据《中华人民共和国铁路法》、《铁路运输安全保护条例》、《铁路技术管理规程》、《铁路货物运输规程》等相关法律法规制定本规则。

第2条本规则适用于标准轨距的国家铁路、合资铁路、地方铁路和专用铁路、铁路专用线，是铁路超限、超重货物运输的基本依据。

承运人、托运人和收货人均应遵守本规则。

第3条超限、超重货物运输对保障国家重点工程建设和国防建设需要，促进国民经济又好又快发展具有重要意义，各级铁路部门必须高度重视，切实加强组织领导，配备专人负责超限、超重货物运输工作。

铁路局要成立以主管运输副局长为主任，总工程师为副主任，各有关处长为成员的铁路局超限超重货物运输及限界管理委员会。

附件一：载货集装箱重量（VGM）声明书
致：顺发航运有限公司：
我公司将严格遵守《交通运输部关于执行<1974 年国际海上人命安全公约>第VI/2 条2015 年修正案（以下简称公约修正案）的通知》的要求，作为发货人或发货人委托代理认真履行通过有效信息传输途径尽早向码头经营人传输提供载货集装箱重量验证信息的义务。

作为发货人或发货人委托代理，我公司郑重声明：
自《公约修正案》生效之日起，下列信息作为托运人提供给码头经营人的载货集装箱重量验证信
□方法一：整体称重法：用经过检定合格后的衡器对载货集装箱进行整体称重；对整体称重法,本托运人声明：所提供的载货集装箱重量信息系按照《1974年国际海上人命安全公约》第VI/2.4.1条
所述方法获得，称重点的衡器已取得计量技术机构颁发的计量检定证书，且获得重量的日期
在证书的有效期范围内。

√方法二：累加计算法：用经过装箱所在国家主管机关认可的称重方法对集装箱内所有包装和货物的量
进行称重，与集装箱内的底盘、衬垫、其他系固材料和集装箱本身重量进行累加计算出载货
集装箱的整体重量。

对累加计算法, 我司声明：所提供的载货集装箱重量信息系按照《1974
年国际海上人命安全公约》第VI/2.4.2条所述方法获得，该方法符合主管机关制定并公布的
《载货集装箱累加计算法重量验证指南》的要求。

（请根据实际使用的称重方法，在□中加上√。

否则视为默认方法二。

）
本声明由（发货人或发货人委托代理公司）授权（声明人姓名）负责提交。

声明人签名：JENNY
日期：。

cvrp约束条件
CVRP（Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem）的约束条件主要包括：
1. 车辆数量限制：所有顾客点必须被恰好一个车辆服务，且车辆有最大载重量限制。

2. 车辆路径限制：每辆车只能从物流中心出发，经过一系列的顾客点，最终返回物流中心。

车辆在访问顾客点时只能选择离该顾客点最近的一个访问点。

3. 时间窗限制：每个顾客点都有时间窗要求，车辆必须在顾客点的时间窗内到达。

4. 车辆行程限制：每辆车的最大行驶距离或时间必须小于等于预定的限制。

5. 顾客需求限制：每个顾客点的需求量不能超过车辆的载重量。

6. 整数限制：所有决策变量必须是整数。

以上信息仅供参考，具体约束条件可能根据问题实际情况有所不同，建议查阅相关文献或咨询专业人士获取准确信息。

ICC UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICE FOR DOCUMENTARY CREDITSUCP 600英文FOREWORD (3)INTRODUCTION (5)ARTICLE 1 APPLICATION OF UCP (10)ARTICLE 2 DEFINITIONS (10)ARTICLE 3 INTERPRETATIONS (11)ARTICLE 4 CREDITS V. CONTRACTS (13)ARTICLE 5 DOCUMENTS V. GOODS, SERVICES OR PERFORMANCE (13)ARTICLE 6 AV AILABILITY, EXPIRY DATE AND PLACE FOR PRESENTATION (14)ARTICLE 7 ISSUING BANK UNDERTAKING (14)ARTICLE 8 CONFIRMING BANK UNDERTAKING (15)ARTICLE 9 ADVISING OF CREDITS AND AMENDMENTS (16)ARTICLE 10 AMENDMENTS (18)ARTICLE 11 TELETRANSMITTED AND PRE-ADVISED CREDITS AND AMENDMENTS19ARTICLE 12 NOMINATION (19)ARTICLE 13 BANK-TO-BANK REIMBURSEMENT ARRANGEMENTS (20)ARTICLE 14 STANDARD FOR EXAMINATION OF DOCUMENTS (21)ARTICLE 15 COMPLYING PRESENTATION (23)ARTICLE 16 DISCREPANT DOCUMENTS, W AIVER AND NOTICE (23)ARTICLE 17 ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS AND COPIES (25)ARTICLE 18 COMMERCIAL INVOICE (26)ARTICLE 19 TRANSPORT DOCUMENT COVERING AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT MODES OF TRANSPORT (26)ARTICLE 20 BILL OF LADING (28)ARTICLE 21 NON-NEGOTIABLE SEA W AYBILL (31)ARTICLE 22 CHARTER PARTY BILL OF LADING (33)ARTICLE 23 AIR TRANSPORT DOCUMENT (34)ARTICLE 24 ROAD, RAIL OR INLAND W ATERW AY TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS (36)ARTICLE 25 COURIER RECEIPT, POST RECEIPT OR CERTIFICATE OF POSTING (38)ARTICLE 26 "ON DECK", "SHIPPER'S LOAD AND COUN T", “SAID BY SHIPPER TO CONTAIN〞AND CHARGES ADDITIONAL TO FREIGHT (38)ARTICLE 27 CLEAN TRANSPORT DOCUMENT (39)ARTICLE 28 INSURANCE DOCUMENT AND COVERAGE (39)ARTICLE 29 EXTENSION OF EXPIRY DATE OR LAST DAY FOR PRESENTATION (41)ARTICLE 30 TOLERANCE IN CREDIT AMOUNT, QUANTITY AND UNIT PRICES (41)ARTICLE 31 PARTIAL DRAWINGS OR SHIPMENTS (42)ARTICLE 32 INSTALMENT DRA WINGS OR SHIPMENTS (43)ARTICLE 33 HOURS OF PRESENTATION (43)ARTICLE 34 DISCLAIMER ON EFFECTIVENESS OF DOCUMENTS (43)ARTICLE 35 DISCLAIMER ON TRANSMISSION AND TRANSLATION (43)ARTICLE 36 FORCE MAJEURE (44)ARTICLE 37 DISCLAIMER FOR ACTS OF AN INSTRUCTED PARTY (45)ARTICLE 38 TRANSFERABLE CREDITS (45)ARTICLE 39 ASSIGNMENT OF PROCEEDS (48)UCP600中文版UCP600第一条UCP的适用范围 (48)第二条定义 (49)第三条解释 (50)第四条信用证与合同 (50)第五条单据与货物、效劳或履约行为 (51)第六条兑用方式、截止日和交单地点 (51)第七条开证行责任 (51)第八条保兑行责任 (52)第九条信用证及其修改的通知 (53)第十条修改 (53)第十一条电讯传输的和预先通知的信用证和修改 (54)第十二条指定 (54)第十三条银行之间的偿付安排 (54)第十四条单据审核标准 (55)第十五条相符交单 (56)第十六条不符单据、放弃及通知 (56)第十七条正本单据及副本 (57)第十八条商业发票 (57)第十九条涵盖至少两种不同运输方式的运输单据 (58)第二十条提单 (59)第二十一条不可转让的海运单 (60)第二十二条租船合同提单 (61)第二十三条空运单据 (62)第二十四条公路、铁路或内陆水运单据 (62)第二十五条快递收据、邮政收据或投邮证明 (63)第二十六条“货装舱面〞、“托运人装载和计数〞、“内容据托运人报称〞及运费之外的费用。

最大允许总质量与整车整备质量1. 什么是最大允许总质量和整车整备质量？最大允许总质量（Maximum Permissible Mass，简称MPM）是指车辆在正常使用条件下，所能承受的最大负荷重量。

它包括了车辆本身的重量以及装载物品、乘客等其他附加负荷的重量。

整车整备质量（Gross Vehicle Weight，简称GVW）是指车辆自身的重量加上驾驶员、乘客、燃料、润滑油、冷却液等必要工作物品及其容器、工具和备胎等配备物品的总和。

2. 最大允许总质量和整车整备质量的意义最大允许总质量和整车整备质量对于保证道路交通安全、延长汽车使用寿命以及合理利用道路资源具有重要意义。

2.1 道路交通安全根据道路交通法规，每辆汽车在行驶时都需要遵守一定的限制条件，其中包括了最大允许总质量和整车整备质量。

如果超过了这些限制，将会严重影响车辆的操控性能、制动效果以及灵活性，从而增加了交通事故的风险。

合理控制最大允许总质量和整车整备质量，可以有效提高道路交通的安全性。

2.2 延长汽车使用寿命汽车在正常使用过程中，会受到不同程度的振动、冲击和应力。

如果超过了最大允许总质量和整车整备质量，将会使得汽车承受更大的压力，导致零部件磨损加剧、结构变形等问题。

这将缩短汽车的使用寿命，并增加维修成本。

合理控制最大允许总质量和整车整备质量可以延长汽车的使用寿命。

2.3 合理利用道路资源道路是有限资源，每辆汽车所占据的空间以及对道路表面的压力都会对道路产生影响。

如果每辆汽车都超过了最大允许总质量和整车整备质量，在道路上行驶时会对道路表面造成更严重的破坏，并且占据更多的空间。

这将导致道路维修成本增加，交通拥堵问题加剧。

合理控制最大允许总质量和整车整备质量可以更好地利用道路资源。

3. 如何确定最大允许总质量和整车整备质量？确定最大允许总质量和整车整备质量需要考虑以下几个因素：3.1 车辆结构和材料车辆的结构和材料决定了其承载能力。

不同类型的车辆使用不同的材料以及工艺，因此其最大允许总质量和整车整备质量也会有所差异。

全面版车辆挂靠协定英文版Comprehensive Vehicle Attachment AgreementThis document serves as a comprehensive agreement between the parties involved in the vehicle attachment arrangement. The purpose of this agreement is to outline the terms and conditions under which the vehicle will be attached to the designated entity.Parties InvolvedThe parties involved in this agreement are referred to as the "Owner" and the "Entity". The Owner is the individual or entity that owns the vehicle, while the Entity is the organization to which the vehicle will be attached.Vehicle AttachmentThe Owner agrees to attach the vehicle to the Entity for a specified period of time. During this period, the vehicle will be used for the designated purposes outlined in this agreement.Responsibilities of the Owner1. The Owner is responsible for maintaining the vehicle in good working condition throughout the attachment period.2. The Owner must provide all necessary documents and permissions for the attachment of the vehicle to the Entity.3. The Owner must comply with all laws and regulations related to the operation of the vehicle.Responsibilities of the Entity1. The Entity is responsible for using the vehicle for the designated purposes outlined in this agreement.2. The Entity must ensure the proper care and maintenance of the vehicle during the attachment period.3. The Entity must comply with all laws and regulations related to the use of the vehicle.Duration of AttachmentThe vehicle attachment will begin on [start date] and end on [end date]. Any changes to the duration of attachment must be agreed upon by both parties in writing.Termination of AgreementEither party may terminate this agreement by providing written notice to the other party. The agreement will be considered terminated upon receipt of the written notice.Governing LawThis agreement shall be governed by the laws of [jurisdiction]. Any disputes arising out of this agreement shall be resolved through arbitration in accordance with the laws of [jurisdiction].SignaturesBoth parties agree to the terms and conditions outlined in this agreement by signing below:Owner's Signature: ______________________Entity's Signature: ______________________This agreement is effective as of the date first written above.。

Your vehicle has higher ground clearance that allows you to travel over bumps, obstacles, and rough terrain. It also provides good visibility so you can anticipate problems earlier.With heavy cargo on the pickup bed, your vehicle has a higher center of gravity. Drive slowly and cautiously, and allow more time and distance for braking. Loading heavy cargo could affect your vehicle’s handling and performance.Your vehicle allows you to carrymore cargo than a typical passenger vehicle.Because your vehicle rides higher off the ground, it has a high center of gravity that can cause it to roll over if you make abrupt turns.Utility vehicles have a significantly higher roll over rate than other types of vehicles.See page for off-highway driving guidelines.227Driving Guidelines194You should do the following checks and adjustments before you drive your vehicle.Make sure all windows, mirrors,and outside lights are clean and unobstructed. Remove frost, snow,or ice.Checkthat the hood is fully closed.Check that the tailgate is fully closed when it is not used as an extended pickup bed.Visually check the tires. If a tire looks low, use a gauge to check its pressure.Checkthat any items you may be carrying are stored properly or fastened down securely.Checkthe adjustment of the inside and outside mirrors (see page ).Checkthe steering wheel adjustment (see page ).Make sure the doors and In-Bed Trunk are securely closed and locked.Fastenyour seat belt. Check that your passengers have fastened their seat belts (see page ).When you start the engine, check the gauges and indicators in the instrument panel (see page ).Check the seat adjustment (see pages and ).1.2.3.4.5.6.8.7.9.10.11.14110795998100Preparing to DriveDriving195Apply the parking brake.In cold weather, turn off all electrical accessories to reduce the drain on the battery.Make sure the shift lever is in Park. Press on the brake pedal.does not start within starts but stallsstep 4 with thepressed halfwaystarts, release accelerator pedal does not race.fails to start, press pedal all the wayit there whileflooding. If thenot start, return1.2.3.Starting the Engine196to start in cold thinner air f ound atf eet(2,400 problem.These indicators on the instrument panel show which position the shift lever is in.The ‘‘D’’indicator comes on for a few seconds when you turn the ignition switch to the ON (II)position.If it flashes while driving (in any shift position),it indicates apossible problem in the transmission.If the malfunction indicator lamp comes on along with the ‘‘D’’indicator,there is a problem with the automatic transmission controlsystem.Avoid rapid acceleration,and have the transmission checked by your dealer as soon as possible.To shift from Park to any position,press firmly on the brake pedal,and pull the shift lever toward you.You cannot shift out of Park when the ignition switch is in the LOCK (0)or ACCESSORY (I)position.CONTINUEDShift Lever Position IndicatorsShiftingAutomatic TransmissionDriving197This position mechani-cally locks the transmission. Use Park whenever you are turning off or starting the engine. To shift out of Park, you must press on the brake pedal and have your foot off the accelerator pedal. Pull the shift lever towards you, then move it out of Park.If you have done all of the above and still cannot move the lever out of Park,see on page .You must also pull the shift lever towards you to shift into Park.To avoid transmission damage,come to a complete stop before shifting into Park.The shift lever must be in Park for you to remove the key from the ignition switch.Press the brakepedal and pull the shift lever towards you to shift from Park to reverse.To shift from reverse to neutral,come to a complete stop,and then shift.Pull the shift lever towards you before shifting into reverse from neutral.202To shift from:P to R R to P N to R D to 22to 11to 22to D D to N N to D R to NDo this:Press the brake pedal,and pull the shift lever towards you.Pull the shift lever towards you.Move the shift lever.Automatic TransmissionPark (P)Shift Lock Release Reverse (R)198CONTINUEDPress the D3switch on the end of the shift lever to turn this mode on or off;the D3indicator comes on whenever D3is selected.The D3switch can be operated only when the ignition switch is in the ON (II)position and the shift lever is in the D position.Use this position for your normal driving.Thetransmission automatically selects a suitable gear (1through 5)for your speed and acceleration.You may notice the transmission shifting up at higher engine speeds when theengine is cold.This helps the engine warm up faster.After you stop in D,2,1,N,or R position with the ignition switch in the ACCESSORY (I)position for an extended period,you may not be able to move the shift lever from neutral to reverse or Park.In this case,press the brake pedal,and turn the ignition switch to the ON (II)position,then shift out of neutral.Use neutral if you need to restart a stalled engine,or if it is necessary to stop briefly with the engine idling.Shift to the Park position if you need to leave your vehicle for any reason.Press on the brake pedal when you are moving the shift lever from neutral to another gear.Automatic TransmissionD3Drive (D)Neutral (N)Driving199To shift to second,pull the shift lever towards you,thenshift to the lower gear.This positionlocks the transmission in secondgear.It does not downshift to firstgear when you come to a stop.Use second gear:For more power when climbing.To increase engine braking whengoing down steep hills.For starting out on a slipperysurface or in deep snow.To help reduce wheel spin.When driving downhill with atrailer.When towing a trailer on level roadsunder normal driving conditions,donot use D3.This will increase theautomatic transmission fluidtemperature and may causeoverheating.Shifting out of the D position willcancel D3,and cause the D3indicator to go out.Selecting the Dposition again will resume D3,andthe indicator will come on.Turning the ignition switch to theLOCK(0)position turns D3off.Touse D3when you restart the engine,select the D position,and press theD3switch again.The D3indicator also comes on for afew seconds when you turn theignition switch to the ON(II)position.When D3is on,the transmissionselects only the first three gears.Use D3for engine braking whengoing down a steep hill.Automatic TransmissionSecond(2)200To shift from second to first,pull the shift lever towards you,then shift to the lower gear.This position locks the transmission in first gear.By upshifting anddownshifting through 1,2,and D,you can operate the transmission much like a manual transmission without a clutch pedal.If you shift into first position when the vehicle speed is above 28mph (45km/h),the transmission shifts into second gear first to avoid sudden engine braking.If you exceed the maximum speed for the gear you are in,the engine speed will enter into the tachometer’s red zone.If this occurs,you may feel the engine cut in and out.This is caused by a limiter in the engine’s computer controls.The engine will run normally when you reduce the rpm below the red zone.Automatic TransmissionFirst (1)Engine Speed LimiterDriving201。

回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/第104B章许可车辆总重(permitted gross vehicleweight)三摘要：本文主要介绍了第104B章许可车辆总重(permitted gross vehicle weight)的主要内容。

$17.00$17.00$17.00$8.50$9.70$4.80$11.00─梅窝(直航及回航服务)$24.00$12.00回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/$32.00$17.00$17.00$17.00$8.50$9.70$4.80$11.00─坪洲$24.00$12.00$32.00$17.00$17.00回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/$16.00$8.00$9.20$4.60$9.50以上5条航线各别均有普通等级乘客成人月票出售，每张为$400.00(b)离岛间服务坪洲─梅窝-----回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/$7.00$3.50$7.00$3.50$4.00─芝湾-----$7.00$3.50$7.00回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/$3.50$4.50─长洲-----$7.00$3.50$7.00$3.50$5.00梅窝回复上网找律师就到中顾法律网快速专业解决您的法律问题/souask/─芝湾-----$7.00$3.50$7.00$3.50$4.00。

章：374 道路交通条例宪报编号版本日期详题 30/06/1997本条例旨在就道路交通的规管、车辆与道路(包括私家路)的使用、以及为其他相关的目的而订定条文。

(由1988年第80号第2条修订)[1984年8月25日] 1984年第294号法律公告(本为1982年第75号)条： 1 简称 30/06/1997第I部导言本条例可引称为《道路交通条例》。

条： 2 释义L.N. 256 of 200809/02/2009附注：有关《立法会决议》(2007年第130号法律公告)所作之修订的保留及过渡性条文，见载于该决议第(12)段。

在本条例中，除文意另有所指外─“小型巴士”(light bus) 指经构造或改装为只用作运载司机及不超过16名乘客及其个人财物的汽车，但不包括伤残者车辆、电单车、机动三轮车、私家车或的士；(由1988年第89号第2条修订；由2004年第19号第2条修订)“小学教育”(primary education) 具有《教育条例》(第279章)第3条给予该词的涵义；“已登记”、“登记”(registered) 指已经根据本条例登记；“已废除条例”(repealed Ordinance) 指已废除的《道路交通条例》(第220章，1979年版)*；“三轮车”(tricycle) 指使用踏板驱动的三轮车辆；“巴士”(bus) 指经构造或改装为运载16名以上乘客及其个人财物的汽车；(由1988年第89号第2条修订)“公共小巴”(public light bus) 指用作或拟用作出租或取酬用途的小型巴士，但不包括任何私家小巴；“公共巴士”(public bus) 指用作或拟用作出租或取酬用途的巴士，但不包括任何私家巴士；“公共服务车辆”(public service vehicle) 指任何登记为公共巴士、公共小巴或的士的汽车，或登记为私家车而具有有效出租汽车许可证的汽车；“中型货车”(medium goods vehicle) 指许可车辆总重超过5.5公吨而不超过24公吨的货车；“中学教育”(secondary education) 具有《教育条例》(第279章)第3条给予该词的涵义；“半拖车”(semi-trailer) 指任何经设计、构造或改装为与汽车连接，以致该汽车承托该拖车的一部分，并承担其颇大部分的重量及负载物重量的拖车；“出租汽车许可证”(hire car permit) 指根据本条例发出、授权将私家车为出租或取酬而作载客用途的许可证；“由徒步者控制的乡村车辆”(pedestrian controlled village vehicle) 指由徒步者控制的汽车，该车辆的全长度不超过3.2米，全宽度不超过1.2米，经构造或改装为主要在郊区的道路或其他汽车不能到达或不得驶入的地区的道路运载货物，而并非经构造或改装为运载司机或任何乘客者；(由1986年第31号第2条增补)“幼儿园教育”(kindergarten education) 具有《教育条例》(第279章)第3条给予该词的涵义；“司机”、“驾驶人”(driver) 就任何车辆(人力车除外)、西北铁路的车辆或电车而言，指任何掌管或协助控制该车辆的人，而就人力车而言，指任何拉拖人力车的人；(由1987年第46号第2条修订)“司机操作的乡村车辆”(driver operated village vehicle) 指全长度不超过3.2米、全宽度不超过1.2米、经构造或改装为主要在郊区的道路或其他汽车不能到达或不得驶入的地区的道路运载货物及单独一名司机的汽车； (由1986年第31号第2条增补)“西北铁路”(North-west Railway) 指《九广铁路公司条例》(第372章)所指的西北铁路； (由1986年第56号第26条增补)“西北铁路车辆”(vehicle of the North-west Railway) 指沿西北铁路路轨及使用该路轨操作的轻便铁路车辆，包括使用该铁路及路轨作维修用途的车辆在内； (由1987年第46号第2条增补)“全长度”(overall length) 及“全宽度”(overall width) 就车辆而言，具有根据第9条订立的规例分别给予该两词的涵义； (由1986年第31号第2条增补)“自定义登记号码”(personalized registration mark) 指根据在第6条下订立的规例配予或分配的自定义登记号码； (由2005年第25号第2条增补)“自动销售机”(automatic vending machine) 指依据第12(1)(l)条竖立的机器； (由1991年第61号第2条增补)“交通督导员”(traffic warden) 指根据第58条获委任为交通督导员或高级交通督导员的人；“交通审裁处”(Transport Tribunal) 指根据第17条获委任的交通审裁处；“交通标志”(traffic sign) 指标志、物体或设备，用以向道路使用者传达任何警告、数据、指示、规定、限制或禁止的信息，但不包括第121条所指的标志； (由1988年第80号第3条修订)“多轮车”(multi-cycle) 指属以下情况的车辆─(a) 经设计及构造为使用踏板驱动的4个或以上车轮的车辆，而骑踏该车辆时，最少4个车轮同时触及道路；及(b) 骑踏该车辆的任何时间均有一个(或多个)高出道路不少于350毫米的座位； (由1994年第89号第2条增补)“没有”(fail) 就第39B及39C条而言，包括拒绝； (由1995年第39号第2条增补)“汽车”(motor vehicle) 指任何由机械驱动的车辆；“私家小巴”(private light bus) 指—(a) 学校私家小巴；或(b) 作以下用途或拟作以下用途的小型巴士(学校私家小巴除外)—(i) 出租或取酬以外的用途；或(ii) 只运载伤残人士以及协助该等人士的人(不论是否为出租或取酬)；(由1999年第50号第6条代替)“私家巴士”(private bus) 指作以下用途或拟作以下用途的巴士─(a) 出租或取酬以外的用途；或(b) 不论是否为出租或取酬而运载乘客，但该等乘客全属─(i) 一所教育机构的学生、教员及雇员；或(ii) 伤残人士及协助该等伤残人士的人；“私家车”(private car) 指经构造或改装为只用作运载司机及不超过7名乘客及其个人财物的汽车，但不包括伤残者车辆、电单车、机动三轮车或的士；“私家路”(private road) 指根据普通法可限制公众进入的每一大道、街、里、巷、坊、广场、停车场、通道、径、路及地方，不论其是否如上述般限制进入，但不包括─(a) (由2002年第23号第91条废除)(b) 署长为本条内“道路”(road) 一词的定义而以宪报公告指定西北铁路车路的任何部分；(由1988年第80号第3条增补)“车辆”(vehicle) 指任何经构造或改装为用于道路上的车辆，而不论是否由机械驱动的，但不包括西北铁路车辆或电车； (由1987年第46号第2条修订)“车辆设计标准”(vehicle design standards) 的涵义与《空气污染管制条例》(第311章)第2条中该词的涵义相同； (由1991年第3号第2条增补)“车辆牌照”(vehicle licence) 指按照根据第6条订立的规例就车辆发出的牌照；“车辆废气排放标准”(vehicle emission standards) 指根据第VIIIA部所发出或修订的实务守则内列明的车辆废气排放标准； (由1991年第3号第2条增补)“车辆总重”(gross vehicle weight) 就车辆而言，指由该车辆所有车轮传送至路面的重量总和；如有拖车，亦包括拖车加诸拖曳车辆的任何重量；而车辆的“许可车辆总重”(permitted gross vehicle weight) 指按照根据本条例订立的规例就车辆指定或厘定的最高车辆总重； (由1985年第66号第2条修订)“车辆识别号码”(vehicle identification number) 指制造商给任何车辆定出的底盘号码或任何标记，或署长主要为登记及识别目的而定出的标记；可由数字或英文字母组成，或为数字及英文字母两者的组合； (由1994年第89号第2条增补)“的士”(taxi) 指根据本条例登记为的士的汽车；“的士计程表”(taximeter) 指任何用作量度使用的士时间或路程或同时量度时间及路程、或用作按时间或路程或按时间及路程两者以记录车费的装置，而该装置在当其时是署长为上述用途而批准者；“拖车”(trailer) 指并非由机械驱动，而是由汽车或拟由汽车拖曳的车辆，包括任何半拖车或挂车；“泊车位”(parking space) 指泊车处之内以线条或其他标记显示用作容纳一部车辆的空位；(由1991年第61号第2条增补)“泊车票”(display ticket) 指从凭票泊车机取得的票券，以便展示在汽车上以显示使用该车辆所泊车位的费用已缴付，而该票券显示─(a) 购票所缴付的费用；(b) 缴费日期及与该费用有关时段的届满时间；及(c) 与竖立该机器有关的泊车处； (由1991年第61号第2条增补)“泊车处”(parking place) 指署长根据本条例指定为泊车处的地方；“泊车费”(parking fee) 就任何一个泊车位而言，指为使用该泊车位泊车而根据第12(4)条在当其时须缴的费用； (由1991年第61号第2条增补)“泊车储值卡”(parking card) 指署长、他人代表署长或署长致使他人发出的卡片、许可证、通行证或其他类同设备─(a) 其在某个时间的价值是以密码存录于其上，俾可用于以下机器─(i) 停车收费表，以缴付泊车费；(ii) 凭票泊车机，以取得泊车票；及(b) 在用于缴付泊车费时，使停车收费表上显示出其使用时段及该时段是否已经过去； (由1991年第61号第2条增补)“宜于道路上使用”(roadworthy) 就任何汽车而言，指该车辆适宜及可以安全地用于其任何合法用途上，并且已顾及─(a) 该车辆申请登记所属的种类或该种类内的任何组别；或(b) 该车辆已登记或须登记所属的种类或该种类内的任何组别，视属何情况而定；“呼气分析”(breath analysis) 指第39C条所指对任何人的呼气样本的分析； (由1995年第39号第2条增补)“呼气测试中心”(breath test centre) 指警务处处长根据第39C(20)条指定为呼气测试中心的场所或车辆； (由1999年第50号第2条增补)“取消驾驶资格”(disqualified) 指根据本条例取消持有或领取驾驶执照的资格，而“驾驶资格取消”(disqualification) 亦须据此解释；“订明限度”(prescribed limit) 指─(a) 在100毫升呼气中有22微克酒精；(b) 在100毫升血液中有50毫克酒精；或(c) 在100毫升尿液中有67毫克酒精，或运输及房屋局局长可根据第39G条藉宪报公告的其他比例；(由1995年第39号第2条增补。

集装箱汽车运输规则集装箱汽车运输规则第一章总则第一条为加强集装箱汽车运输的规范管理，明确承运人与托运人及其他有关方的权利、义务和责任界限，维护正常的运输秩序和运输合同当事人的合法权益，依据国家有关法律、法规和《汽车货物运输规则》，制定本规则。

第二条本规则适用于中华人民共和国境内从事营业性集装箱汽车运输及与其相关的场站装卸、储存等业务。

集装箱联运、国际集装箱多式联运中的汽车运输，除另有规定者外，均适用本规则。

第三条集装箱汽车运输合同、集装箱汽车运单，应由承运人与托运人本着平等互利、协商一致的原则签订。

第四条本规则下列用语的含义：（一）集装箱汽车运输，是指采用汽车承运装货集装箱或空箱的过程。

主要运输形式有：港口码头、铁路车站集装箱的集疏运输或门到门运输和公路直达集装箱运输。

（二）承运人，是指从事营业性集装箱汽车运输、装卸及代办相关业务并与托运人订立运输合同的人。

（三）托运人，是指委托承运人运输集装箱货物或集装箱并与承运人订立运输合同的人。

（四）收货人，是指集装箱运输合同中指定提取货物的人。

（五）场站作业人，是指集装箱中转站、货运站从事集装箱、集装箱货物装卸、堆存、仓储业务的人。

场站作业人可以是承运人。

（六）装拆箱作业人，是指受托运人、收货人或承运人、场站作业人委托进行集装箱货物装箱、拆箱业务的人。

装拆箱作业人可以是承运人、托运人或场站作业人。

第二章运输基本条件第一节集装箱与集装箱货物第五条集装箱是有一定技术标准要求的运输设备，应符合集装箱定义。

集装箱分为国际标准、国内标准和非标准集装箱。

第六条承运的集装箱可以是托运人托运的集装箱，也可以是承运人的自备集装箱。

第七条集装箱货物是指能装入集装箱内而进行汽车运输的货物。

集装箱货物分为整箱货物和拼箱货物。

第二节运输类别第八条按照集装箱所装载货物的性质，集装箱汽车运输分为普通箱、特种箱汽车运输；特种箱包括危险货物箱、冷藏保温箱、罐式箱等。

第九条根据集装箱箱型情况和贸易运输合同，集装箱汽车运输分为国际箱、国内箱汽车运输。