2012年6月B卷答案

2012年6月研究生英语学位课统考真题AGENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJUN1712)考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二(Paper Two) 包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。

此外，试卷分A 卷和B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。

二、试卷一（题号1-80）为客观评分题（听力Section C 部分除外），答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。

答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。

四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。

五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。

试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。

每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。

全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。

P APER ONEPART ILISTENING COMPREHENSION(25 minutes, 20 points)Section A ( 1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read ONLY ONCE. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. He is pretty comfortable in this kind of setting.B. He is not at ease when seeing her.C. He is not used to the current surroundings.D. He rarely feels shy in unfamiliar places.2. A. Waiter and customer.B. Husband and wife.C. Boss and secretary.D. Doctor and patient.3. A. They went to see a movie.B. They had a heated quarrel.C. They ended their relationship.D. They changed their plan.4. A. At a coffee shop.B. In the street.C. At one’s home.D. In a restaurant.5. A. She prefers to go shopping with him.B. She does not want to eat out.C. She is in a bad mood today.D. She wants to enjoy the perfect weather.6. A. Tuesday and Friday.B. Wednesday and Thursday.C. Monday and Saturday.D. Saturday and Sunday.7. A. The man always makes wise decisions.B. Jane may not be able to do the job very well.C. Jane knows how to run a chain store.D. The man really likes the book cover.8. A. The woman needs to arrive earlier.B. The man has to delay his departure.C. The woman dislikes air travel.D. The man has some extra work tomorrow.9. A. Double major in both business and psychology.B. Major in business and minor in psychology.C. Drop business or psychology.D. Choose two closely related majors.Section B (1 point each)Directions:In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Mini-talk One10. A. It represents the bride's link to her family and the past.B. It represents support of the bride’s family and friends.C. It’s a symbol of good luck and success.D. It’s a symbol of good health.11. A. Wealth and health.B. Protection against evil.C. Loyalty and purity.D. A remainder of the past.12. A. Wearing something new.B. Wearing blue items.C. Wearing something borrowed.D. Wearing a silver sixpence in a shoe.Mini-talk Two13. A. They are facing budget deficit.B. They are giving more weight to academic study.C. They are conducting observational studies.D. They are shortening school hours.14. A. Because being active is the cause of higher grades.B. Because the amount of activity required is just right.C. Because they help students learn to follow rules in class.D. Because they can arouse students’ curiosity.15. A. Whether there is difference between school subjects.B. Whether physical activity is linked to academic performance.C. Whether a comparison should be made with the control.D. Whether the amount of activity affects academic performance.Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below. (请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上)16. To keep your sensitive information safe, your job is to create a password that is very______________ (3 words).17. Your password should not (2 words) about you.18. Consider this: in addition to (2 words), phrases can also be easy to remember.19. This password could still be stronger by adding upper-case letters, numbers or _________(2 words).20. Always remember to (3 words) each site you visit on a computerthat isn’t yours.PART IIVOCABULARY(10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21.Facebook’s top executives are eligible for twice-a-year bonuses of up to 45 percent of theirbase salaries.A. optionalB. qualifiedC. desirableD. casual22.Ways have to be found to accommodate the special needs of these left-behind children in ruralareas.A. satisfyB. occupyC. alterD. host23.The n umber of people with Alzheimer’s disease in the United States is projected to more thandouble by 2050.A. devisedB. thrustC. estimatedD. encountered24. My supervisor, gentle and friendly, made me feel at ease from the first meeting with him.A. at largeB. at lengthC. at randomD. at home25. I searched the library to see what I could learn about the massacre, but nothing turned up.A. was recommendedB. was foundC. was understoodD. was clarified26. Geraldine Ferraro said that whoever coined the term ObamaCare was brilliant.A. came uponB. broke downC. made upD. drew on27. Upon learning that his mother was gravely ill, he wasted no time getting to the hospital.A. suddenlyB. moderatelyC. seriouslyD. genetically28. It requires uncompromising efforts to develop these residences into true homes for ourunderprivileged citizens.A. unproductiveB. unyieldingC. uninvitingD. unintentional29. Snow is not predicted for today; we can expect some rain, though.A. althoughB. thereforeC. yetD. however30. At that time, there was a wealth of evidence that Japan was planning war in the Pacific.A. abundantB. valuableC. expensiveD. pricelessSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. This old man developed nerve damage to his brain, ________ him nearly disabled.A. leavingB. keepingC. allowingD. causing32. These discoveries have opened up new ________ in the field of cancer research.A. rainbowsB. horizonsC. altitudesD. paradoxes33. Some politicians in Japan still believe that the Nanjing massacre is nothing but a ________.A. novelB. flawC. truthD. myth34. Many people choose to be honest when creating their online ________ to make future datingeasier.A. pretextsB. prepositionsC. profilesD. protests35. Several large studies have found ________ lower odds of heart disease among regular nuteaters.A. confidentlyB. consistentlyC. conceptuallyD. contemptuously36. The boss needs a workout program that perfectly ________ his busy schedule.A. turns intoB. falls intoC. looks intoD. fits into37. A glimpse ________ our solar system reveals the neighborhood outside the sun’s influence isstranger than expected.A. intoB. atC. byD. beyond38. It has never _______ to me that an intimate knowledge of English grammar can be so useful.A. occurredB. happenedC. turnedD. conformed39. The FDA is expected to require safety studies on e-cigarettes and ________ their use.A. regulateB. recollectC. reboundD. rehearse40. Teenagers can become ________ and hard to handle if every single decision is taken awayfrom them.A. obedientB. cooperativeC. rebelliousD. aestheticPART IIICLOZE TEST(10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.“A better, richer and happier life for all our citizens.” That’s the American ___41___. In practice, it means living in a spacious, air-conditioned house, owning a car or three and maybe a boat or a holiday home, not to mention flying off to ___42___ destinations.The trouble ___43___ this lifestyle is that it consumes a lot of power. If everyone in the world started living like wealthy Americans, we ___44___ need to generate more than 10 times ___45___ energy each year. And ___46___, in a century or three, we all expect to be ___47___ by an army of robots and fly into space on holidays, we are going to need a vast amount more. Where are we going to get so much power from?It is clear that continuing to rely on ___48___ fuels will have catastrophic results, because of the dramatic warming effect of carbon dioxide. But alternative power sources will affect the climate too. For now, the climatic effects of “clean energy” sources are trivial ___49___ those from greenhouse gases, but if we keep on using ever more power over the coming centuries, they will become ever more ___50___.41. A. constitution B. dream C. history D. character42. A. exotic B. patriotic C. supersonic D. alcoholic43. A. on B. for C. at D. with44. A. shall B. will C. should D. would45. A. much more B. more than C. as much D. of more46. A. if B. though C. while D. so47. A. taken to B. attended to C. attached to D. submitted to48. A. rock B. stone C. fossil D. diamond49. A. according to B. based on C. such as D. compared with50. A. significant B. imperative C. indispensable D. negligiblePART IVREADING COMPREHENSION(45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember where we put the keys just a moment ago or an old acquaintance’s name. As the brain fades, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” While seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a detrimental impact on our professional, social, and personal well-being.Neuroscientists are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It turns out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental workouts can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions. Thinking is essentially a process of making neural connections in the brain. Because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate according to mental effort.A new company has taken it a step further and developed the first “brain training program”, called Lumosity, to actually help people improve and regain their mental sharpness. Lumosity is far more than an online place to exercise your mental skills. That’s because they have integrated these exercises into a Web-based program that allows you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps track of your progress and provides detailed feedback on your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing - much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.Apparently it works. In randomized, controlled clinical trials Lumosity was shown to significantly improve basic cognitive functions. One study showed students improved their scores on math tests by 34 percent after using Lumosity for six weeks. The company says its users have reported clearer and quicker thinking, improved memory, increased alertness and awareness, elevated mood, and better concentration at work or while driving.While many of the games at Lumosity are free, a modest subscription fee is required to use the full program over the long term. However, Lumosity is currently offering a free trial of their program to new users so that you can see how well it works before you decide to subscribe. The company believes the results will speak for themselves.51.What can we learn about “senior moments”?A. They are nothing to be worried about.B. They happen to each middle-aged person.C. They mostly happen to the elders.D. They are signs of declining memory.52. Neuroscientists are beginning to find that ________.A. cognitive functions can be improved by mental effortB. intelligence varies with the amount of physical exerciseC. “senior moments” are quite useful at workD. our brain and muscles should be trained differently53. From Paragraph 3, it can be concluded that Lumosity ________.A. is just an online place to exercise your mental skillsB. requires the users to keep doing the same gamesC. is a set of exercises intended for the mentally-retardedD. can help users make improvement in the brain54. Clinical trials have proved that Lumosity ________.A. is better than reportedB. is highly effective and beneficialC. should be under strict controlD. leaves much to be desired55. Which of the following statements is true about Lumosity?A. Access to these games is quite expensive.B. Chronic users have to pay for the access to the games.C. All the games at Lumosity are free of charge.D. Access to the games is limited to subscribers.56. The main purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A. present the new findings of neuroscientistsB. remind the middle-aged to take physical exerciseC. describe how Lumosity came into beingD. introduce how braining training makes you smarterPassage TwoAccording to psychology pr ofessor Carol Dweck of Stanford University, “Praising children for being smart can backfire.”If this doesn't get the attention of Millennium parents, I’m not sure what will. It is my observation that so many parents today believe that if their child appears to be the least bit “advanced” for his age, he’s destined to be the next Albert Einstein, Tiger Woods, or Bill Gates.It’s human nature for mom and dad to show much admiration for their child and dish out praise for accomplishments achieved. The problem is, according to this study, parents may not be doing the best thing by praising their child for his intelligence.Dweck’s research involved junior high students in New York and concluded that “classroom performance improved when her study subjects believed the brain is like a muscle that can grow.”Students who “focused on the learning process (effort, concentration or strategies used) asked for feedback and did better in all subjects.” Feedback such as, ‘You did well because you worked so hard’ or ‘You used so many descriptive words to make this story interesting’ can encourage children to try new things, as they are being rewarded for their effort. When the ‘time and effort’ strategy is being positively reinforced, the child will probably use the same strategy next time they are learning something. Over time new strategies can be introduced, so the child’s repertoire of strategies is broadened.Dweck goes on to say that “they (students who improved) performed better because their success was being measured by effort, not by test scores or grades.” Parents should praise effort, not just results. Children who received praise about their innate abilities (talents or strengths) had less chance of trying new things and became anxious and under performed as things became more difficult. That is one of the greatest dangers to continually praising children for whatever they do in order to falsely raise a child’s self-esteem.What are mom and dad to do? Offer genuine praise and encouragement for effort and successes, butbalance this with setting appropriate expectations and following up with consequences when the child falls short due to laziness. Don’t make excuses. Your child will better face the challenges life has to offer in the future when you as a parent recognize the efforts he is making today.57. The underlined word “backfire” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. create some miraclesB. produce an undesirable resultC. be negligible to some extentD. be motivating and inspiring58. Which of the following can be considered proper feedback?A. You did really well on this spelling test, you must have spent hours practising your words.B. Oh, honey, you’re so smart—that failing grade won’t matter anyway.C. This is a wonderful painting. What a great artist you are!D. You did really well on this spelling test, you are very clever.59. A child who is praised for his effort and strategy is likely to ________.A. have his learning strategies increasedB. feel inferior to the smart childrenC. have falsely high self-esteemD. expect more praise and encouragement60. Praising a child for his talent may _______.A. encourage him to try new thingsB. motivate him to greater effortsC. leave him less prepared for challengesD. put his life at risk in case of failure61. The author’s advice to parents is________.A. to expose the child to greater challengesB. not to expect too much of a childC. to forbid the child to make any excusesD. to combine praise with constructive criticism62. Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?A. Never Praise Your Child for Any of His AchievementsB. Praise Your Child, But Not for Being SmartC. How to Reward a Child for His EffortD. Praise –a Must for the Child’s FuturePassage ThreeAs a new matchmaker, internet dating sites promise two cutting edges: a vastly greater choice of potential partners and scientifically proven way of matching suitable people together.The greater choice is unarguable. But does it lead to better outcomes? And do the “scientifically tested methods” actually work? These are the questions asked by a team of psychologists led by Eli Finkel.The researchers’ first observation is how any of the muc h-boasted partner-matching methods actually works. Many firms preserve their intellectual property as trade secrets, and there is no reason why internet dating sites should not be among them. But this renders claims of effectiveness impossible to test objectively. There is thus no independent scientific evidence that any of these methods does enhance the chance of their hitting it off when they meet.It is possible to test the value of a claim that they match people with compatible personality traits. However, Dr Dyrenforth asked more than 20,000 people about their relationships and assessed their personalities. Members of couples with similar personalities were indeed happier than those without. But the difference was just 0.5%.Surely, the chances of finding that magic other are increased by the second thing internet dating brings: a multitude of choice. But here, too, things are not as simple as they might seem.An assumption behind all consumer decisions is that what people think they want is what they actually need. And the data suggest people are not good at knowing what they want. One of Dr Finkel’s own studies showed that when they are engaged in speed dating, people’s stated preferences at the beginning of the process do not well match the characters of the individuals they actually like. When faced with abundant choices, people pay less attention to characteristics that require thinking and conversation to evaluate and more to matters physical. Choice, in other words, dulls the critical faculties.Fi nkel’s conclusion is that love is as hard to find on the internet as elsewhere. You may be just as likely to luck out in the local café, or by acting on the impulse to stop and talk to that stranger on the street whose glance you caught, as you are by clicking away with a mouse and hoping that, one day, Cupid’s arrow will strike.63. The effectiveness of the dating sites is difficult to verify scientifically because they ________.A. keep their intellectual property secretB. have two cutting edgesC. adopt strange matching methodsD. are good at deception as evidenced64. The expression “hit it off” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.A. say goodbyeB. get along wellC. get hurtD. dislike each other65. Dr. Dyrenforth found that couples with different personalities ________.A. were much less happy than those with similar personalitiesB. were more likely to divorce than those with similar personalitiesC. were almost as happy as those with similar personalitiesD. were much happier than those with similar personalities66. According to Paragraph 6, the abundance of choices offered by the dating sites ________.A. can increase the chance of finding ideal partnersB. helps people to become better aware of what they wantC. diverts attention from other mental qualitiesD. leads to exclusive concern with one’s appearance67. Finkel’s conclusion is that _______.A. it is impossible to find true love on the Internet wherever you areB. you are as likely to find love through chance encounters as via the InternetC. you are more likely to find love through these online dating sitesD. you can find love more easily by talking to a stranger on the street68. The researchers’ attitude towards thes e Internet dating sites is ________.A. suspicionB. confidenceC. objectionD. recommendationPassage FourMany countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confir mation that the danger lies less in what a motorist’s hands do when he takes a call than in what the conversation does to his brain. Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a driver’s attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr Kunar and Dr Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equivalent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks than those who were not talking.They also explored the effect of simply listening to something—such as a radio programme. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”. Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about the story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction times. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests the same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger. Dr Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brain’s resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossible—especially because more and more vehicles are now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And they’ll be likelier to arrive in one piece.69. Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving?A. Hands.B. Feet.C. Eyes.D. The brain.70. In Kunar and Horowitz’s experiments, the subjects who performed tasks while talking ________.A. reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesB. reacted more quickly, but made more mistakesC. reacted more slowly, but made fewer mistakesD. reacted more slowly and made more mistakes71. According to Frank Drews, a chat with passengers ________.A. affects drivers more than a phone conversationB. affects drivers more than listening to a storyC. has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversationD. has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story72. The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving ________.A. is necessary and feasibleB. has been frequently brokenC. will arouse heated debateD. has been widely observed73. The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with ________.A. the lawmakersB. car manufacturersC. drivers themselvesD. new technology74. The purpose of the passage is to ________.A. inform people of the danger of using phones while drivingB. call on lawmakers to make new road laws on the use of cell phonesC. offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phones while drivingD. weigh the benefits and harms of using phones when drivingPassage FiveIn these times of fast media and ever-growing Internet, we are under so many external influences that it is anything but easy to think for ourselves. Unless you are a cunning, very aware person, you most likely don't even know when your thinking is not your own.Not that all outside influence is bad to forming your own views, but being unable to think for yourself can make you miserable at best, or a puppe t of someone else’s programming, at worst.Admittedly, we are all born into societies or cultures where the norms and customs are already established. We have little choice but to conform to what is already in place. This is not necessarily a bad thing, however, it can be confining and controlling if we accept everything blindly and never question the status quo.Does this mean all of your ideas can be original and unlike everyone else’s? Not at all!Nor does it require being contrary and argumentative just to be defiant or stand out. To think for yourself means that whatever opinions you hold will be well thought out and arise from。

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试CET6真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitiveadvan tages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that cont ribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined withage-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students athree-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earnthe credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this ap proach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules mighteventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, in creasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年6月英语六级参考答案Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.作文标准版The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationAs is described in the picture, a father asks her daughter how her school today goes on. Instead of answering directly, the daughter tells her father to read her blog. It is common that youngsters nowadays incline to communicate with others on internet increasingly, and lack communication with people around them. With the development of Internet, it has influenced our society to a large extent, especially interpersonal communication. To begin with, we can communicate with others anytime via internet. Otherwise, we would have to arrange our schedules strictly in advance. Also, interpersonal communication through the internet is not restricted by space. For example, in most multinational corporations, instant messages and video conferences help colleagues solve problems timely and efficiently. Last but not least, the internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication. Whereas, there are also disadvantages that the internet brings to us. More and more people complained that they have lost face-to-face communicating skills. As a result, people become more and more indifferent to each other in real life. Some netizens who are immersed in virtual world even have difficulty in making friends in reality.In conclusion, communication through the internet could bring us both convenience and inconvenience. We should strike a balance between them and make the best of the internet.作文高分版The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationToday I saw an interesting cartoon, in which a father asked his daughter about her school performance of the day, and the daughter replied that he could go to her blog to check it. This small cartoon indicates a big change in our life, especially the way people communicate.Internet enables people to break though the limitations of distance, strengthening social network. Unlike post offices, Internet service with its convenience helps people engage and converse real time with their parents, soul mates, friends though emails, IRC, micro blog anytime, anywhere with a network terminal, without suffering the long and painful wait for a reply.Besides, such online communities as Twitter, Facebook are well under way and becoming the most dominating platforms for on-line social activities. These communities offer great opportunities for us to follow and interactwith those we like and even those celebrities. It is also a platform for us to share and update information of each other, and learn the outside world.Internet today and tomorrow is a virtual space where we live, where we learn, where we speak, and where we communicate.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)1. A) To cut students’ expenses.2. B) college facilities could be put to more effective use.3. C) suppresses creative thinking4. A) Its students have to earn more credits each year.5. B) It has been running for several decades.6. B) More students have Advanced Placement credits.7. A) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.8. the core curriculum9. stay competitive and relevant10. bright, motivated studentsPart III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.【答案】A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.【解析】此题为细节题。

2012年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试B级真题Part I Listening Comprehension（15 minutes）Directions: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections:This section is to test your ability to give proper responses. There are 5 recorded questions in it.After each question, there is a pause. Thequestions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, you shoulddecide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D)given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letteron the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read: A) I’m not sure.B) You’re right.C) Yes, certainly. D) That’s interesting.From the question we learn that the speaker is asking the listener to leave a message. Therefore, C) Yes, certainly is the correct answer. You should mark C) on the Answer Sheet.〔A〕〔B〕〔C〕〔D〕Now the test will begin.1. A) Don’t mention it C) You’re right.B) This way, please. D) No, thanks.2. A) It’s over there. C) That’s very kind of you.B) Sorry, he isn’t in. D) I’d love to.3. A) Yes, I will. C) I’m sorry to hear that.B) You’re welcome. D) Not too bad.4. A) That’s too bad. C) No problem.B) Thanks a lot. D) Here you are.5. A) Good idea. C) Never mind.B) See you soon. D) Hold on, please.Section B6. A) A fax. C) A newspaper.B) A report. D) A letter.7. A) Buy a new computer. C) Ask someone to repair the computer.B) Restart the computer. D) Borrow a computer from the company.8. A) She hasn’t sent the email. C) She won’t read the email.B) She hasn’t got any email. D) She won’t reply to the email.9. A) The price of the books. C) The way to pack the books.B) The author of the books. D) The time to get the books.10. A) Very nice. C) Very humorous.B) Very strict. D) Very shy.Section CI am working with a computer company. My family lives near the railway station, and within five minutes’ walk to a shopping 11 . We live in a flat with 3 bedrooms and a very large 12 .There is a beautiful garden, too. The house is very 13 to live in. However, for my convenience to go to work and 14 lost on the way, I would like to exchange my house for a similar one or even a bit smaller one near my workplace.If you are interested, please call me at 5538765 15 or email me at bhousinggmail. .Part II Vocabulary & Structure ( 15 minutes)Section A16. We have got to a new way to solve this problem.A) tell about C) think ofB) put out D) take over17. I agree to the idea our staff should use recycled (再生的) paper to savemoney.A) what C) whichB) as D) that18. The Quality Control staff is responsible the quality of the products thatcome out of the factory.A) for C) withB) of D) to19. The new manager has greatly changed the company he took over theposition.A) if C) althoughB) since D) while20. the members cooperate well, the team will keep winning games.A) As far as C) As long asB) As well as D) As soon as21. Thank you for your letter of May th6, in which you about the bicycles ofModel 897.A) ask C) knowB) feel D) think22. I’m told that I will share an office room five other newcomers.A) in C) toB) with D) at23. Can you help me to a sales plan in that area?A) set up C) put onB) give in D) work out24. Those are interested in the job position need to send an email to us.A) what C) whichB) whom D) who25. I’m pleased to tell you that the fax machines you ordered arenow.A) available C) wonderfulB) convenient D) importantSection B26. (fortunate) , you have many articles online to help you in finding ajob.27. The Tokyo Branch of our company is doing (well) this year than lastyear.28. If they agree with us, we (carry out) the plan immediately.29. In order to keep a high level of safety, all the staff are required (wear)protective clothes.30. It is announced that the lunch time will (shorten) from one hour to 45minutes.31. We are planning to provide (serve) to small companies in the city.32. Yesterday I (receive) an email from one of our suppliers about theorder.33. Your work plan is much better now, but there is still room for(improve) .34. We would like you to give a speech at our meeting, (start) at 9:00 am onOctober th8.35. If you decide on the more expensive model, you can bring this one back and paythe (different) .Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Task 1A) contact the manufacturer in personB) write a letter to the service centerC) refer to the instructions providedD) visit the service center online37. Most manufacturers’guarantee just covers the repairs of your computer dueto .A) hardware damage B) wrong operationC) material faults D) missing data38. When registering for the use of Care Center tools, you need to show .A) the manufacturer’s guarantee cardB) your receipt of the computerC) a telephone message recordD) your credit card number39. The enclosed Computer Center CD is used to .A) protect your data B) write your emailsC) take photos D) play music40. The product will be replaced if .A) your valuable data has been lostB) you have paid the extra service feeC) the same fault needs a third repairD) it is still within the guarantee periodTask 2Being a salesman, the most important thing is to understand people. You’ve got to know what they’re thinking. If you can figure that out, you can get them to do a lot. They come in with an idea about what they want. You get them taking about themselves, about what they like.If it’s a man, you talk about football, or something like that. If it’s a woman, you ask her about fashions. That way they get comfortable with you. You ask them a lot of questions and get into the habit of saying yes.In the end, you can put them into anything you want, if you’re really good. For example, if they need a little car for the city; you send them home a truck. Of course, I wouldn’t really do that. It wouldn’t be right. You’ve got to sell on this job, but you also have to be fair. It’s not fair to take advantage of people too much. There are some people in this business who’d do anything. But I don’t believe in that.41. To be a good salesman, the most important thing is to .A) learn from different kinds of peopleB) understand what people are thinkingC) see what people usually do in daily lifeD) watch what changes people have made42. According to the passage, you can make a woman feel comfortableby .A) talking about fashions B) playing football togetherC) sending a small gift to her D) saying yes to her questions43.One way to make people get into the habit of saying yes is to .A) ask them to say what they likeB) tell them to do anything you wantC) help them feel confident in themselvesD) get them to say yes to a lot of your questions44. According to the last paragraph, the author believes that .A) it is right to do anything in businessB) it is useless to believe in what customers sayC) help them feel confident in themselvesD) it is dangerous to listen to the advice of a salesman45. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Most women like to talk about sports events.B) Some business people do anything by talking with them.Task 3To: All Manager and Department HeadsSubject: New Communication Training ProgramClear, friendly, efficient communication skill are essential for building relationships with your customers. You can use it for the business. A new onlinetraining program is available on the Learn Well website. It will help Company employees create “customer-friendly” communication.Please visit the website for a memo from the organizer. The memo provides a general view of this customer-friendly communication training program. It also explains how employees can register for the online training. Please forward this email to you employees and encourage them to sign up for training at their leisure time as soon as possible.Thank you for your support as we work to improve your employees’customerA …………………job objectiveB ……………….... interests and hobbiesC …………………personal dataD ………………... degree certificateE ………………... first nameF …………………last nameG .………………... marital statusH …………………date of birthI …………………. job qualificationJ …………………. ReferenceL …………………work experienceM …….…………. education backgroundN …………………sexO ………………….. permanent addressP …………………... contact numberQ …………………. place of birthExamples: (K) 证明人（G）婚姻状况Make your payroll (工资表) faster and easier with our Easy Online Payroll!If you’re spending more time than 10 minutes a week or over ＄30 a month on making a payroll, then you need to use the software Easy Online Payroll. It helps you organize your accounting process, so you can save money and spend more time actually running your business. The main benefits you will get from Easy Online Payroll include:◆Enter your payroll any time, anywhere◆Pay all your employees by direct deposit (直接存款) to their checkingaccounts with Bank of America and receive a ＄15 monthly discount(折扣)◆Printing of paychecks from the company’s computer◆Free telephone and email support.Put us to work for you to make your work simpler. Take advantage of the best value for small businesses with employees. To speak to the Banking Center, call 1.888.6000.40000 or visit . Bankofamerica..56. What can Easy Online Payroll do for making a payroll?It can help to make a payroll .57. What is one of the advantages of Easy Online Payroll?It can help to organize your process.58. How can a company pay their employees with Easy Online Payroll?By direct deposit to their with Bank of America.59. Where can the paychecks be printed?From the company’s .60. How can you contact the Banking Center?Call 1.888.6000.40000 or .Part IV Translation—English into Chinese (25 minutes)61. One purpose of market research is to learn about people – the people who will buyfrom you.A) 市场调查的对象之一是你周围的让人，即帮你推销产品的人。

2012年6月全国大学英语六级考试试卷Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same o ffer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of thefall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of timestudents now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits r equired for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offeringthree-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate colle ge in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first yearof medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipp ed my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the fullfour-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be waryof any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations,inc reasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年‎6月英语B‎级真题答案‎听力原文Secti‎o n A1.I’m going‎to make coffe‎e. Would‎you like some?2.May I speak‎to Mr. Johns‎o n?3.Will you pleas‎e write‎your name here?4.Can you help me to start‎ the machi‎n e?5.Shall‎ we discu‎ss the new plan now?Secti‎o nB6.M: Did you put the repor‎t on my desk?W: Yes, I did.Q: What did the man want?7.W: It seems‎the compu‎t er doesn‎’t work.M: Y ou can ask John to repai‎r it.Q: What does the man tell the woman‎to do?8.M: Have you read my email‎?W: What email‎? I haven‎’t got any email‎ yet.Q: What does the woman‎mean?9.W: Hello‎, ABC Compa‎n y! What can I do for you?M: I want to know when we can get the books‎ we order‎e d.Q: What does the man ask about‎?10.W: what do you think‎of your new manag‎e r?M: Oh, he is very nice.Q: What does the man think‎of his manag‎e r?答案与解析‎Part I Liste‎n ing Compr‎e hens‎i onSecti‎o n A1．I’m going‎to make coffe‎e. Would‎you like some?[答案解析]C．本题询问“我去做咖啡‎，你要喝些吗‎？”A．不用谢，没关系；B 请这边走； C 不，谢谢 D 你是对的。

2012年6月六级真题Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year Solution Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts自由教育school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition学费and fees规费. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious焦虑的about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey调查ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s bright est students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril 危险within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit非盈利, for profit, or religious宗教的institutions机构of higher learning. In addition此外, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government联邦政府provides for university research is awarded受赏competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance例如, the idea of the fall-to-spring “school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when wewere a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former前任的George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates估算that a typical college uses its facilities设备for academic purposes目的、用途a little more than half the calendar日历year.“While college facilities sit idle闲置, they continue to generate maintenance维护expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments部门, tenure终身职位，combined with age-discrimination歧视、辨别laws, makes faculty系、科turnover流通—critical关键的for a university to remain current趋势、流通in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles压制them: younger professors must win the approval认同of established已建立的colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness类似心理and sometimes inhibiting抑制the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition学费has soared飙升, leaving graduating students with unprecedented空前的loan借、贷款debt. Strong campus校园presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount数量of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured诱惑by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress国会has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack堆of congressional regulations条例、规程governing federal student grants津贴and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out填these forms consume 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions设想、假定about what a college degree学位means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma毕业证? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in参加the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated studentwho wish to save money or to move along more rapidly迅速的toward advanced degrees.By eliminating消除that extra year, three year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits学分a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required必需的, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack破裂at course registration注册、登记. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-y ear degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through轻松做. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required fo r graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level阶段、水平are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement大学预修课(AP) credits amounting to a semester学期or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree本科学历, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal呼吁、吸引力. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency 住院医生program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior毕业year, which meant I had to take three to four labs实验室a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator参议员and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks缺点to moving through school at such a brisk轻快的、敏锐的pace步伐.For one, it deprives剥夺students of the luxury of time to roam 遨游intellectually理性的、智力的. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging从事、占用in extracurricular业余的、课外的activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized珍贵的professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out逐步淘汰the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty学院、系members will be wary of提防、当心any change that threatens the core核心curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive设想of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harva rd, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue税收for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting采用a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle处理tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious成本意识may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round. “You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties, ”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant有意义的、相关的they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding扩大the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators立法者for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universitiesavoid the perils风险of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While collegefacilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability,highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student institution in Alabama, has offered students a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend “short terms” in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation. Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of hisclassmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class. Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically, socially, and athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. “I strongly disagree with this approach.” Another risk: the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes, challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

青海省西宁市一年级语文综合素养阳光评价B卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________亲爱的同学，经过一段时间的学习，你们一定学到不少知识，今天就让我们大显身手吧！一、积累与运用 (共7题；共62分)1. （12分）填空，并解释所填字的意思。

________烛夜游________________之不理 ________________花________草 ________ ________三年五________ ________胜________吃药 ________2. （2分）给下面的多音字选择恰当的读音。

2012年6月18日14时，一个注定载________zǎizài入史册的日子，“天宫一号”与“神舟九号”实现交会对接。

这标志着我国载________zài zǎi人航天飞行能力又迈出意义非凡的一步。

3. （4分）写出近义词成就—________ 照旧—________ 真诚—________ 谦虚—________4. （21分）按要求完成形声字练习。

（1）选字填空。

[驻注]________意 ________扎[抄钞]________票________写[赔培]________养________款[煤媒]________炭________体（2）“账"的形旁是________，表示意思和________有关，这样的字还有________、________。

“猾”的形旁是________，表示意思和________有关，这样的字还有________、________。

（3）根据形声字的特点，我猜测“玩”字的读音是（），意思跟（）有关。

A．wáng B．guāng C．光明D．玉器5. （10分） (2016二上·高阳期末) 按要求或照样子，写一写。

（1）右面组合体可以拆分出的汉字有哪些？（写出其中6个）：例：一，十，________（2）例：（川）流不息四________为家七嘴八________例：（下）象棋 ________书法 ________风筝 ________兔子（3）和秋天有关的词语：________、________和秋天有关的句子：________和秋天有关的诗句：________。

质量管理体系（QMS）审核知识试卷2012年06月将相应字母填入相应括号内。

每题1分，共20分）1.不属于审核准则的是（）。

A）顾客的隐含要求 B)认证产品所执行的产品标准C) 生产设备维护管理规定 D)组织的产品检验记录2.审核的目的是（）A）寻找不合格项 B)评价并确定满足审核准则的程度C) 评价体系的持续适宜性 D)评价体系的完整性3.审核发现是指（）。

A）审核中观察到的事实B) 审核中所发现的不合格项C) 审核中观察到的事实与审核依据比较和评价的结果。

D) 审核中的观察项4.下面哪种情况可作为质量管理体系审核的审核证据？（）A）审核员看见某操作工人按作业指导书加工产品B) 操作人中反映另一车间内噪音太大C) 向导回答不合格品的处理情况D) 以上都不是5.审核员应具备哪些个人素质（）。

A）思想开明 B) 有感知力 C) 善于观察 D) 以上都是6.以下不是审核员职责的是（）。

A）按计划要求，收集与受审核区域特证的相关信息，做好审核准备B) 按分工进行现场审核，收集并记录审核证据，对照准则形成审核发现C) 确定不符合报告D) 向审核组长报告审核发现，并在组内进行沟通7. 某组织声称其QMS符合GB/T19001标准，以下哪种删减可以作为审核证据（）。

A）组织没有设计开发部门，删减7.3条款B) 引进国外某公司的设计图纸，删减7.3条款C) 组织将产品的设计开发委托给某设计院，删减7.3条款D) 组织没有产品设计开发活动，只需按顾客提供的图纸加工产品，因此删减7.3条款8.以下对产品质量特性无直接影响的人员是（）A）产品制造工人B) 产品检验人员C) 产品开发人员D) 产品设计人员9. 实习审核员注册要求，（）年技术、管理岗位工作经历，其中（）年与质量管理相关工作经历。

A）5，3 B) 4，2 C) 5，2 D)4.310.依据认证认可条例，认证人员同时在2个以上认证机构执业的给予（）处罚，仍不改正的撤消其执业资格。

2012年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.The Certificate CrazePart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.For questions1-7,choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions8-10,complete the seen tenses withthe information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College,a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York,makes New York,makes this offer to well prepared students:earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees.A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money.That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities.A recent Chinese survey ranks35American universities among the top50,eight among the top10.Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce25%of all the world’s wealth.In2007,623,805of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet,there are signs of peril(危险)within American higher education.U.S.colleges have to compete in the marketplace.Students may choose among6,000public,private,nonprofit,for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning.In addition,almost all of the532billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past.For instance,the idea of thefall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution,when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense.Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle,they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,”he has written.Within academic departments,tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking,the tenure system often stifles(压制)them:younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure,encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile,tuition has soared,leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find,and to keep.Infact,students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents.The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work,inconvenienced by unavailable classes,or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support.But some of their fixes have made the problem worse.The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do.Filling out these forms consumes7%of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons,some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means.For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma?This fall,16first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college,the plan is designed for high-ability,highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year,there year degree students save25%in costs.Instead of taking 30credits a year,these students take40.During January,Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus,including a number of international sites.Summer courses are not required,but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra.Three year students get first crack at course registration.There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea.Geniuses have always breezed through.Judson College, a350-student institution in Alabama,has offered students a three-year option for40years.Students attend“short terms”in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation.Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time.One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement(AP)credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work.Many universities,including large schools like the University of Texas,make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree,the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal.Dr.John Sergent,head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency(住院医生)program,enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in1959.He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.”My first year of medical school counted as my senior year,which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in.I basically skipped my senior year,”says Sergent.He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are,however,drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace.For one,it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam(遨游)pressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up,engaging in extracurricular activities,and studying abroad.On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class.Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program,but it now phasing out the option.Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically,socially,and athletically.And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,”Derek Bok,former president of Harvard,told The Washington Post.“I strongly disagree with this approach.”Another risk:the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school.Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice:open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges,with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’vacations,increasing class sizes,or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees,offer year-round classes,challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult,but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help,asking legislators for more state support,or asking studentseven higher tuition payments.Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused,less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students.These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2012年6月全国大学英语六级考试试卷PartⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.In face of global warming, much effort has been focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies. But while much of the research and innovation has concentrated on finding less-polluting energy alternatives, it may be decades before clean technologies like wind and solar meet a significant portion of our energy needs.In the meantime, the amount of CO2 in the air is rapidly approaching the limits proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). “As long as we’re consuming fossil fuels, we’re putting out CO2,”says Klaus Lackner, a geophysicist at Columbia, University” We cannot let the CO2 in the atmosphere rise indefinitely.”That sense of urgency has increased interest in capturing and storing CO2, which the IPCC says could provide the more than 50% reduction in emissions thought needed to reduce global warming.“We see the potential for capture and storage to play an integra l role in reducing emissions,” says Kim Corley, Shell’s senior advisor of CO2 and environmental affairs. That forward thinking strategy is gaining support. The U.S. Department of Energy recently proposed putting $1 billion into a new $2.4 billion coal-burn ing energy plant. The plant’s carbon-capture technologies would serve as a pilot project for other new coal-burning plants.But what do you do with the gas once you’ve captured it? One option is to put it to new uses. Dakota Gasification of North Dakota captures CO2 at a plant that converts coal into synthetic natural gas. It then ships the gas 200 miles by pipeline to Canada, where it is pumped underground in oil recovery operations. In the Netherlands, Shell delivers CO2 to farmers who pipe it into their greenhouses, increasing their yield of fruits and vegetables.However, scientists say that the scale of CO2 emissions will require vast amounts of long-term storage. Some propose storing the CO2 in coal mines or liquid storage in the ocean, Shell favors storing CO2 in deep geological structures such as saline(盐的) formations and exhausted oil and gas fields that exist throughout the world.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

CET-6Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a composition composition composition on on on the the the topic topic topic The The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal CommunicationPart Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the the same same same offer offer offer to to to students students students anxious anxious anxious about about about saving saving saving time time time and and and money. money. money. That’s That’s That’s both both both an an an opportunity opportunity opportunity and and and a a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. T he United States has almost all of the world’s best universities. A recent Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that hel p Americans produce 25% of all the world’s wealth. In 2007, 623,805 of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher education. U.S. colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively. But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the idea of the fall-to-fall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before th spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution, when we were a a summer summer summer stretch stretch stretch no no no longer longer longer makes makes makes sense. sense. sense. Former Former Former George George George Washington Washington Washington University University University president president president Stephen Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar y ear.“While college facilities sit idle, they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,” he has written.Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty faculty turnover turnover turnover——critical critical for for for a a a university university university to to to remain remain remain current current current in in in changing changing changing times times times——difficult. difficult. Instead Instead Instead of of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure, encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas. Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with with unprecedented loan debt. unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take to to complete complete complete an an an undergraduate undergraduate degree degree has has has stretched stretched stretched to to to six six six years years years and and and seven seven seven months months months as as as students students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate. Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing governing federal federal federal student student student grants grants grants and and and loans loans loans now now now stands stands stands twice twice twice as as as tall tall tall as as as I I I do. do. do. Filling Filling Filling out out out these these these forms forms consumes 7% of every tuition dollar. For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning questioning decades-old decades-old decades-old assumptions assumptions assumptions about about about what what what a a a college college college degree degree degree means. means. means. For For For instance, instance, instance, why why why does does does it it have to take four years to earn a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees. By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in costs. Instead of taking 30 credits a year, these students take 40. During January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students students may may may earn earn earn three three three to to to four four four credits credits credits on on on or or or off off off campus, campus, campus, including including including a a a number number number of of of international international international sites. sites. Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them —and pay extra. Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay. The three-year degree isn’t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed through. Judson College, a 350-student 350-student institution institution institution in in in Alabama, Alabama, Alabama, has has has offered offered offered students students students a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option for for for 40 40 40 years. years. years. Students Students attend attend “short “short “short terms” terms” terms” in in in May May May and and and June June June to to to earn earn earn the the the credits credits credits required required required for for for graduation. graduation. graduation. Bates Bates Bates College College College in in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options. Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate undergraduate degrees degrees degrees in in in less less less time. time. time. One One One of of of five five five students students students arrives arrives arrives at at at college college college today today today with with with Advanced Advanced Placement Placement (AP) (AP) (AP) credits credits credits amounting amounting amounting to to to a a a semester semester semester or or or more more more of of of college college college level level level work. work. work. Many Many Many universities, universities, including large schools like the University of Texas, make it easy for these AP students students to to to graduate graduate faster. For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency (住院医生) ) program, program, program, enrolled enrolled enrolled in in in Vanderbilt’s Vanderbilt’s undergraduate undergraduate colle colle college ge ge in in in 1959. 1959. 1959. He He He entered entered entered medical medical medical school school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.” My first year of medical school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in. I basicall skipp skipped my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.ed my senior year,” says Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游) intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also also leaves less time for growing up, leaves less time for growing up, engaging in extracurricular extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On activities, and studying abroad. On crowded crowded campuses campuses campuses it it it could could could mean mean mean fewer fewer fewer opportunities opportunities opportunities to to to get get get into into into a a a prized prized prized professor’s professor’s professor’s class. class. class. Iowa’s Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program, but it now phasing phasing out out out the the the option. option. option. Most Most Most Waldorf Waldorf Waldorf students students students wanted wanted wanted the the the full full full four-year four-year four-year experience experience experience——academically, socially, socially, and and and athletically. athletically. athletically. And And And faculty faculty faculty members members members will will will be be be wary wary wary of of of any any any change change change that that that threatens threatens threatens the the the core core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. “Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growt h,” Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told told The The The Washington Washington Washington Post. Post. Post. “I “I “I strongly strongly strongly disagree disagree disagree with with with this this this approach.” approach.” approach.” Another Another Another risk: risk: risk: the the the new new new campus campus schedules schedules might might might eventually eventually eventually produce produce produce less less less revenue revenue revenue for for for the the the institution institution institution and and and longer longer longer working working working hours hours hours for for faculty members. Adopting Adopting a a a three-year three-year three-year option option option will will will not not not come come come easily easily easily to to to most most most school. school. school. Those Those Those that that that wish wish wish to to to tackle tackle tradition tradition and and and make make make American American American campus campus campus more more more cost-cost-cost-conscious conscious conscious may may may find find find it it it easier easier easier to to to take take take Trachtenberg’s Trachtenberg’s advice: open campuses year-year-round.“You round.“You could run two complete college colleges, s, with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’ vacations, increasing class sizes, or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether Whether they they they experiment experiment experiment with with with three-year three-year three-year degrees, degrees, degrees, offer offer offer year-round year-round year-round classes, classes, classes, challenge challenge challenge the the the tenure tenure system system——or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world. Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments. Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused, less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success. 1. Why did Hartwick College start three-year degree programs? A) To create chances for the poor. C) To enroll more students. B) To cut students’ expenses. D) To solve its financial problems.2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that . A) American universities are resistant to change B) the summer vacation contributes to student growth C) college facilities could be put to more effective use D) the costs of running a university are soaring3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities . A)suppresses creative thinking C) guarantees academic freedom B) creates conflicts among colleagues D) is a sign of age discrimination4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick? A) Its students have to earn more credits each year. B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether. C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week. D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge. 5. What do we learn about Judson Coll ege’s three -year degree program? A) It has been running for several decades. B) It is open to the brightest students only. C) It is the most successful in the country. D) It has many practical courses on offer. 6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in three years? A) Curriculums have been adapted to students’ needs.B) More students have Advanced Placement credits. C) More elective courses are offered in high school. D) The overall quality of education bas improved. 7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program? A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload. B) Students don’t have much time to roam intellectually.C) Students have little time to gain practical experience. D) Students don’t have pri zed professors to teach them. 8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students into the workforce might pose a threat to . 9. 9. Universities Universities Universities are are are increasingly increasingly increasingly aware aware aware that that that they they they must must must adapt adapt adapt to to to a a a rapidly rapidly rapidly changing changing changing world world world in in in order order to . 10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees will be more attractive to . Section A15. A) Decline the invitation as early as possible. B) Ask Tony to convey thanks to his mother. ts no meat. C) Tell Tony’s mother that she eaD) Add more fruits and vegetables to her diet. 16. A) The increasing crime rate. B) The impact of mass media. C) The circulation of newspapers. D) The coverage of newspapers. 17. A) Limit the number of participants in the conference. B) Check the number of people who have registered. C) Provide people with advice on career development. D) Move the conference to a more spacious place. 18. A) The apartment is still available. B) The apartment is close to the campus. C) The advertisement is outdated. D) On-campus housing is hard to secure. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) To test how responsive dolphins are to various signals. B) To find out if the female dolphin is cleverer than the male one. C) To see if dolphins can learn to communicate with each other. D) To examine how long it takes dolphins to acquire a skill. 20. A) Produce the appropriate sound. B) Press the right-hand lever first. C) Raise their heads above the water. D) Swim straight into the same tank. 21. A) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. B) The male dolphin received more rewards. C) Both dolphins were put in the same tank. D) The lever was beyond the dolphins’ reach.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. A) In a botanical garden. B) In a lecture room. C) In a resort town. D) On a cattle farm. 23. A) It is an ideal place for people to retire to. B) It is at the centre of the fashion industry. C) It remains very attractive with its mineral waters. D) It has kept many traditions from Victorian times. 24. A) It was named after a land owner in the old days. B) It is located in the eastern part of Harrogate. C) It is protected as parkland by a special law. D) It will be used as a centre for athletic training. 25. A) The beautiful flowers. B) The refreshing air. C) The mineral waters. D) The vast grassland. “It “It turns turns turns out out out there’s there’s there’s no no no economic economic economic benefit benefit benefit to to to just just just having having having a a a goal goal goal---you ---you ---you just just just get get get a a a psychological psychological benefit” benefit” Schweitzer Schweitzer Schweitzer says. says. says. “But “But “But in in in many many many cases, cases, cases, goa goa goals ls ls have have have economic economic economic rewards rewards rewards that that that make make make them them them more more powerful.”A prime example Schweitzer and his colleagues cite is the 2004 collapse of energy-trading giant Enron, where managers used financial incentives to motivate salesmen to meet specific revenue goals. The problem, Schweitzer says, is the actual trades were not profitable. Other studies have shown that saddling employees with unrealistic goals can compel them to lie, cheat or steal. Such was the case in the early 1990s when Sears imposed a sales quota on its auto repair staff. staff. It It It prompted prompted prompted employees employees employees to to to overcharge overcharge overcharge for for for work work work and and and to to to complete complete complete unnecessary unnecessary unnecessary repairs repairs repairs on on on a a companywide basis. Schweitzer concedes his research runs counter to a very large body of literature that commends the many benefits of goal-setting. Advocates of the practice have taken issue with his team’s use of such evidence as news accounts to support his conclusion that goal-setting is widely over-prescribed In a rebuttal (反驳) paper, Dr. Edwin Locke writes:“Goal-setting is not going away. Organizations cannot thrive without being focused on their desired end results any more than an individual can thrive without goals to provide a sense of purpose.”But Schweitzer contends the “mounting causal evidence” linking goal -setting and harmful behavior sh should ould ould be be be studied studied studied to to to help help help spotlight spotlight spotlight issues issues issues that that that merit merit merit caution caution caution and and and further further further investigation. investigation. investigation. “Even “Even “Even a a a few few negative effects could be so large that they outweigh many positive effects,” he says.“Goal “Goal-setting does help -setting does help coordinate and motivate people. My idea would be to combine that with careful oversight, a strong organizational culture, and make sure the goals that you use are going to be constructive and not significantly harm the organization,” Schweitzer says.52. What message does the author try to convey about goal-setting? A) Its negative effects have long been neglected. B) The goal increase people’s work efficiency.C) Its role has been largely underestimated. D) The goals most people set are unrealistic. 53. What does Maurice Schweitzer want to show by citing the example of Enron? A) Setting realistic goals can turn a failing business into success. B) Businesses are less likely to succeed without setting realistic goals. C) Financial incentives ensure companies meet specific revenue goals. D) Goals with financial rewards have strong motivational power. 54. How did Sears’ goal -setting affect its employees? A) They were obliged to work more hours to increase their sales. B) They competed with one another to attract more customers. C) They resorted to unethical practice to meet their sales quota. D) They improved their customer service on a companywide basis. 55. What do advocates of goal-setting think of Schweitzer’s research?A) Its findings are not of much practical value. B) It exaggerates the side effects of goal-setting. C) Its conclusion is not based on solid scientific evidence. D) It runs counter to the existing literature on the subject. 56. What is Schweitzer’s contention against Edwin Locke?A) The link between goal-setting and harmful behavior deserves further study. B) Goal-setting has become too deep-rooted in corporate culture. 。

1. Rise: （rise-rose-risen）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. (get out of bed)The moon has not yet risen. (sun or moon appears in the sky)In the first half of this year the total coal output rose by eighty per cent as compared with that of last year. (amount or degree increases)注：区分arise, raise, arouse, rise (及物性与词义两方面区别)2. flourish: If something flourishes, it is successful, active, or common, and developing quickly and strongly.Business flourished and within six months they were earning 18,000 roubles a day.Best wishes for our flouring country. (adj)3. in the hope of= hoping toIn the hope of getting CET-4, I participate in the classes.3. trade-offA trade-off is a situation where you make a compromise between two things, or where you exchange all or part of one thing for another. 妥协; 交换4. excessive (adj)If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable.Excessive spending, excessive food5. Bureaucracy: 官僚主义；官僚机构6. forge: If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.Forge a good relationship with leaders, parents and friends.7. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in NO Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary (and some middle ) schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.As 作为关系代词表示“正如”8. Countertrend：opposite to a trendCounter: opposite, against (反对、相反)Counterbalance: 抗平衡countemeasures (对策)，counterflow（逆流）9. enrollmentIf you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.I was enrolled in LanZhou Traffic University last year.10 Charter school: 特许学校特许学校是英文Charter school的译称，特许学校与政府之间是一种的关系（通常三至五年），学校必须在契约规定期间保证达成双方认可的经营目标。

2012年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a composition on the topic The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.The Certificate CrazePart II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions:In this part,you will have15minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet1.For questions1-7,choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).For questions8-10,complete the seen tenses withthe information given in the passage.The Three-Year SolutionHartwick College,a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York,makes New York,makes this offer to well prepared students:earn your undergraduate degree in three years instead of four, and save about543,000—the amount of one year’s tuition and fees.A number of innovative colleges are making the same offer to students anxious about saving time and money.That’s both an opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world.The United States has almost all of the world’s best universities.A recent Chinese survey ranks35American universities among the top50,eight among the top10.Our research universities have been the key to developing the competitive advantages that help Americans produce25%of all the world’s wealth.In2007,623,805of the world’s brightest students were attracted to American universities.Yet,there are signs of peril(危险)within American higher education.U.S.colleges have to compete in the marketplace.Students may choose among6,000public,private,nonprofit,for profit, or religious institutions of higher learning.In addition,almost all of the532billion the federal government provides for university research is awarded competitively.But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past.For instance,the idea of thefall-to-spring“school year”hasn’t changed much since before the American Revolution,when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense.Former George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than half the calendar year.“While college facilities sit idle,they continue to generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a college,”he has written.Within academic departments,tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination laws, makes faculty turnover—critical for a university to remain current in changing times—difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity and innovative thinking,the tenure system often stifles(压制)them:younger professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure,encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas.Meanwhile,tuition has soared,leaving graduating students with unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are becoming harder to find,and to keep.Infact,students now stay on campus almost as long as their presidents.The average amount of time students now take to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months as students interrupted by work,inconvenienced by unavailable classes,or lured by one more football season find it hard to graduate.Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants and other forms of tuition support.But some of their fixes have made the problem worse.The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do.Filling out these forms consumes7%of every tuition dollar.For all of these reasons,some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a college degree means.For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn a diploma?This fall,16first-year students and four second-year students at Hartwick enrolled in the school’s new three year degree program. According to the college,the plan is designed for high-ability,highly motivated student who wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees.By eliminating that extra year,there year degree students save25%in costs.Instead of taking 30credits a year,these students take40.During January,Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three to four credits on or off campus,including a number of international sites.Summer courses are not required,but a student may enroll in them—and pay extra.Three year students get first crack at course registration.There are no changes in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay.The three-year degree isn’t a new idea.Geniuses have always breezed through.Judson College, a350-student institution in Alabama,has offered students a three-year option for40years.Students attend“short terms”in May and June to earn the credits required for graduation.Bates College in Maine and Ball State University in Indiana are among other colleges offering three-year options.Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time.One of five students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement(AP)credits amounting to a semester or more of college level work.Many universities,including large schools like the University of Texas,make it easy for these AP students to graduate faster.For students who don’t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree,the three-year plan may have an even greater appeal.Dr.John Sergent,head of Vanderbilt University Medical School’s residency(住院医生)program,enrolled in Vanderbilt’s undergraduate college in1959.He entered medical school after only three years as did four or five of his classmates.”My first year of medical school counted as my senior year,which meant I had to take three to four labs a week to get all my sciences in.I basically skipped my senior year,”says Sergent.He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife.There are,however,drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk pace.For one,it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam(遨游)pressing everything into three years also leaves less time for growing up,engaging in extracurricular activities,and studying abroad.On crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized professor’s class.Iowa’s Waldorf College has graduated several hundred students in its three-year degree program,but it now phasing out the option.Most Waldorf students wanted the full four-year experience—academically,socially,and athletically.And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce.“Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this light—as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic growth,”Derek Bok,former president of Harvard,told The Washington Post.“I strongly disagree with this approach.”Another risk:the new campus schedules might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working hours for faculty members.Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school.Those that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may find it easier to take Trachtenberg’s advice:open campuses year-round.“You could run two complete colleges,with two complete faculties,”he says.“That’s without cutting the length of students’vacations,increasing class sizes,or requiring faculty to teach more.”Whether they experiment with three-year degrees,offer year-round classes,challenge the tenure system—or all of the above—universities are slowly realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly changing world.Expanding the three-year option may be difficult,but it may be less difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help,asking legislators for more state support,or asking studentseven higher tuition payments.Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused,less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in attracting bright, motivated students.These sorts of innovations can help American universities avoid the perils of success.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

⽆忧考英语类考试频道为友整理⼤学英语四六级考试，供⼤家参考学习。

Conversation 1 W: One of the most interesting experiments with dolphins must be one done by Doctor Jarvis Bastian. What he tried to do was to teach a male dolphin called Bass and a female called Doris to communicate with each other across a solid barrier. M: So how did he do it exactly? W: Well, first of all, he kept the two dolphins together in the same tank and taught them to press levers whenever they saw a light. The levers were fitted to the side of the tank next to each other. If the light flashed on and off several times, the dolphins were supposed to press the left-hand lever followed by the right-hand one. If the light was kept steady, the dolphins were supposed to press the levers in reverse order. Whenever they responded correctly, they were rewarded with fish. M: Sounds terribly complicated. W: Well, that was the first stage. In the second stage, Doctor Bastian separated the dolphins into two tanks. They could still hear one another, but they couldn’t actually see each other. The levers and light were set up in exactly the same way except that this time it was only Doris who could see the light indicating which lever to press first. But in order to get their fish, both dolphins had to press the levers in the correct order. This meant of course that Doris had to tell Bass whether it was a flashing light or whether it was a steady light. M: So did it work? W: Well, amazingly enough, the dolphins achieved a 100 % success rate. Questions 19-21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. Q19. What is the purpose of Doctor Jarvis Bastian’s experiment? Q20. What were the dolphins supposed to do when they saw a steady light? Q21. How did the second stage of the experiment differ from the first stage? 答案： 19. D) to see if dolphins can communicate with each other. 20. A) Press the right-hand lever first. 21. C) Only one dolphin was able to see the light. 【解析】 这篇长对话主要围绕巴斯蒂安博⼠关于海豚的实验⽽展开，实验的⽬的是要教会海豚学会互相沟通和交流讯息。