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第二章练习题（答案）一、单项选择题1．已知连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥<≤+<=ππx x b kx x x F ,10,0,0)( 则常数k 和b 分别为 （ A ）（A ）0,1==b k π （B ）π1,0b k = （C ）0,21==b k π （D ）π21,0==b k ． 2.下列函数哪个是某随机变量的分布函数 （ A ）A. f （x ）={xa e −x 22a,x ≥01, x <0(a ＞0); B. f （x ）={12cosx, 0< x <π0, 其他C. f （x ）={cosx, −π2< x <π20, 其他D. f （x ）={sinx, −π2< x <π20, 其他3.若函数()f x 是某随机变量X 的概率密度函数，则一定成立的是 （ C ） A. ()f x 的定义域是[0,1] B. ()f x 的值域为[0,1] C. ()f x 非负 D. ()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续4. 设)1,1(~N X ，密度函数为)(x f ，则有（ C ） A.{}{}00>=≤X P X P B. )()(x f x f -= C. {}{}11>=≤X P X P D. )(1)(x F x F --=5. 设随机变量()16,~μN X ，()25,~μN Y ，记()41-<=μX P p ，()52+>=μY P p ，则正确的是 （ A ）.（A ）对任意μ，均有21p p = （B ）对任意μ，均有21p p < （C ）对任意μ，均有21p p > （D ）只对μ的个别值有21p p = 6. 设随机变量2~(10,)X N ，则随着的增加{10}P X （ C ）A.递增B.递减C.不变D.不能确定7.设F 1(x )与F 2(x )分别为随机变量X 1、X 2的分布函数,为使F (x )=aF 1(x )-bF 2(x )是某一随机变量的分布函数,在下列给定的多组数值中应取 ( A )A . a =53, b =52-; B . a =32, b =32;C . 21-=a ， 23=b ; D . 21=a , 23-=b .8.设X 1与X 2是任意两个相互独立的连续型随机变量，它们的概率密度函数分别为f 1(x )和f 2(x )，分布函数分别为F 1(x )和F 2(x )，则 ( D ) (A) f 1(x )+f 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的概率密度； （B ）f 1(x )•f 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的概率密度； （C ）F 1(x )+F 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的分布函数； (D) F 1(x ) •F 2(x ) 必为某个随机变量的分布函数。
《概率论与数理统计》习题及答案第 二 章1．假设一批产品中一、二、三等品各占60%，30%，10%，从中任取一件，发现它不是三等品，求它是一等品的概率.解 设i A =‘任取一件是i 等品’ 1,2,3i =，所求概率为13133()(|)()P A A P A A P A =，因为 312A A A =+所以 312()()()0.60.30.9P A P A P A =+=+=131()()0.6P A A P A ==故1362(|)93P A A ==. 2．设10件产品中有4件不合格品，从中任取两件，已知所取两件中有一件是不合格品，求另一件也是不合格品的概率.解 设A =‘所取两件中有一件是不合格品’i B =‘所取两件中恰有i 件不合格’ 1, 2.i = 则12A B B =+11246412221010()()()C C C P A P B P B C C =+=+， 所求概率为2242112464()1(|)()5P B C P B A P A C C C ===+. 3．袋中有5只白球6只黑球，从袋中一次取出3个球，发现都是同一颜色，求这颜色是黑色的概率.解 设A =‘发现是同一颜色’，B =‘全是白色’，C =‘全是黑色’，则 A B C =+， 所求概率为336113333611511/()()2(|)()()//3C C P AC P C P C A P A P B C C C C C ====++ 4．从52张朴克牌中任意抽取5张，求在至少有3张黑桃的条件下，5张都是黑桃的概率.解 设A =‘至少有3张黑桃’，i B =‘5张中恰有i 张黑桃’，3,4,5i =， 则345A B B B =++， 所求概率为555345()()(|)()()P AB P B P B A P A P B B B ==++51332415133********1686C C C C C C ==++. 5．设()0.5,()0.6,(|)0.8P A P B P B A ===求()P A B 与()P B A -.解 ()()()() 1.1()(|) 1.10P AB P A P B P A B P A P B A =+-=-=-= ()()()0.60.40.2P B A P B P AB -=-=-=.6．甲袋中有3个白球2个黑球，乙袋中有4个白球4个黑球，今从甲袋中任取2球放入乙袋，再从乙袋中任取一球，求该球是白球的概率。
第二章习题与答案同学们根据自己作答的实际情况，并结合总正误率和单个题目正误统计以及答案解析来总结和分析习题！！！标红表示正确答案标蓝表示解析1、为掌握商品销售情况，对占该地区商品销售额60%的10家大型商场进行调查，这种调查方式属于( )。
A普查B抽样调查【解析：抽取一部分单位进行调查；习惯上将概率抽样（根据随机原则来抽取样本）称为抽样调查】C重点调查【解析：在调查对象中选择一部分重点单位进行调查的一种非全面调查】D统计报表2、人口普查规定标准时间是为了（）。
A确定调查对象和调查单位B避免资料的重复和遗漏。
C使不同时间的资料具有可比性D便于登记资料【解析：规定时间只是为了统计该时间段内的人口数据，没有不同时间数据对比的需要】3、对一批灯泡的使用寿命进行调查，应该采用( )。
A普查 B重点调查 C典型调查D抽样调查4、分布数列反映( )。
A总体单位标志值在各组的分布状况B总体单位在各组的分布状况【解析：课本30页1.分布数列的概念一段最后一句】C总体单位标志值的差异情况D总体单位的差异情况5、与直方图比较，茎叶图( )。
A没有保留原始数据的信息B保留了原始数据的信息【解析：直方图展示了总体数据的主要分布特征，但它掩盖了各组内数据的具体差异。
为了弥补这一局限，对于未分组的原始数据则可以用茎叶图来观察其分布。
课本P38】C更适合描述分类数据D不能很好反映数据的分布特征6、在累计次数分布中，某组的向上累计次数表明( )。
A大于该组上限的次数是多少B大于该组下限的次数是多少C小于该组上限的次数是多少【解析：向上累计是由变量值小的组向变量值大的组累计各组的次数或频率，各组的累计次数表明小于该组上限的次数或百分数共有多少。
课本P33】D小于该组下限的次数是多少7、对某连续变量编制组距数列，第一组上限为500，第二组组中值是750，则第一组组中值为 ( )。
A. 200B. 250C. 500D. 300【解析：组中值=下限+组距/2=上限+组距/2】8、下列图形中最适合描述一组定量数据分布的是( )。
习题2.11.设随机变量X 的分布律为P{X=k}=,k=1, 2,N,求常数a.aN 解:由分布律的性质=1得∑∞k =1p kP(X=1) + P(X=2) +…..+ P(X=N) =1N*=1,即a=1aN 2.设随机变量X 只能取-1,0,1,2这4个值,且取这4个值相应的概率依次为,,求常数c.12c 34c ,58c ,716c 解:12c +34c +58c +716c =1C=37163.将一枚骰子连掷两次,以X 表示两次所得的点数之和,以Y 表示两次出现的最小点数,分别求X,Y 的分布律.注: 可知X 为从2到12的所有整数值．可以知道每次投完都会出现一种组合情况，其概率皆为(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36，故P(X=2)=(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36(第一次和第二次都是1)P(X=3)=2*(1/36）＝1/18(两种组合(1,2)(2,1))P(X=4)=3*(1/36）＝1/12(三种组合(1,3)(3,1)(2,2))P(X=5)=4*(1/36）＝1/9(四种组合(1,4)(4,1)(2,3)(3,2))P(X=6)=5*(1/36＝5/36(五种组合(1,5)(5,1)(2,4)(4,2)(3,3))P(X=7)=6*(1/36)＝1/6(这里就不写了,应该明白吧)P(X=8)=5*(1/36)＝5/36P(X=9)=4*(1/36)＝1/9P(X=10)=3*(1/36)＝1/12P(X=11)=2*(1/36)＝1/18P(X=12)=1*(1/36)＝1/36以上是X 的分布律投两次最小的点数可以是1到6里任意一个整数,即Y 的取值了.P(Y=1)=(1/6)*1=1/6 一个要是1,另一个可以是任何值P(Y=2)=(1/6)*(5/6)=5/36 一个是2,另一个是大于等于2的5个值P(Y=3)=(1/6)*(4/6)=1/9 一个是3,另一个是大于等于3的4个值P(Y=4)=(1/6)*(3/6)=1/12一个是4,另一个是大于等于4的3个值P(Y=5)=(1/6)*(2/6)=1/18一个是5,另一个是大于等于5的2个值P(Y=6)=(1/6)*(1/6)=1/36一个是6,另一个只能是6以上是Y 的分布律了.4.设在15个同类型的零件中有2个是次品,从中任取3次,每次取一个,取后不放回.以X 表示取出的次品的个数,求X 的分布律.解:X=0,1,2X=0时,P=C 313C 315=2235X=1时,P=C 213∗C 12C 315=1235X=2时,P=C 013∗C 22C 315=1355.抛掷一枚质地不均匀的硬币,每次出现正面的概率为,连续抛掷8次,以X 表示出现正面的次数,求23X 的分布律.解:P{X=k}=, k=1, 2, 3, 8C k 8(23)k (13)8‒k 6.设离散型随机变量X 的分布律为X -123P141214解:求P {X ≤12}, P {23<X ≤52}, P {2≤X ≤3}, P {2≤X <3}P {X ≤12}=14P {23<X ≤52}=12P {2≤X ≤3}=12+14=34P {2≤X <3}=127.设事件A 在每一次试验中发生的概率分别为0.3.当A 发生不少于3次时,指示灯发出信号,求:(1)进行5次独立试验,求指示灯发出信号的概率;(2)进行7次独立试验,求指示灯发出信号的概率.解:设X 为事件A 发生的次数,(1)P {X ≥3}=P {X =3}+P {X =4}+P {X =5}=C 35(0.3)3(0.7)2+C 45(0.3)4(0.7)1+C 55(0.3)5(0.7)0=0.1323+0.02835+0.00243=0.163(2) P{X≥3}=1‒P{X=0}‒P{X=1}‒P{X=2}=1‒C07(0.3)0(0.7)7‒C17(0.3)1(0.7)6‒C27(0.3)2(0.7)5=1‒0.0824‒0.2471‒0.3177=0.3538.甲乙两人投篮,投中的概率分别为0.6,0.7.现各投3次,求两人投中次数相等的概率.解:设X表示各自投中的次数P{X=0}=C03(0.6)0(0.4)3∗C03(0.7)0(0.3)3=0.064∗0.027=0.002P{X=1}=C13(0.6)1(0.4)2∗C13(0.7)1(0.3)2=0.288∗0.189=0.054P{X=2}=C23(0.6)2(0.4)1∗C23(0.7)2(0.3)1=0.432∗0.441=0.191P{X=3}=C33(0.6)3(0.4)0∗C33(0.7)3(0.3)0=0.216∗0.343=0.074投中次数相等的概率= P{X=0}+P{X=1}+P{X=2}+P{X=3}=0.3219.有一繁忙的汽车站,每天有大量的汽车经过,设每辆汽车在一天的某段时间内出事故的概率为0.0001.在某天的该段时间内有1000辆汽车经过,问出事故的次数不小于2的概率是多少?(利用泊松分布定理计算)解:设X表示该段时间出事故的次数,则X~B(1000,0.0001),用泊松定理近似计算=1000*0.0001=0.1λP{X≥2}=1‒P{X=0}‒P{X=1}=1‒C01000(0.0001)0(0.9999)1000‒C11000(0.0001)1(0.9999)999=1‒e‒0.1‒0.1e‒0.1=1‒0.9048‒0.0905=0.004710.一电话交换台每分钟收到的呼唤次数服从参数为4的泊松分别,求:(1)每分钟恰有8次呼唤的概率;(2)每分钟的呼唤次数大于10的概率.解: (1) P{X=8}=P{X≥8}‒P{X≥9}=0.051134‒0.021363=0.029771(2) P{X>10}=P{X≥11}=0.002840习题2.21.求0-1分布的分布函数.解:F(x)={0, x<0q, 0≤x<11,x≥12.设离散型随机变量X的分布律为:3 OF 18X -123P0.250.50.25求X 的分布函数,以及概率,.P {1.5<X ≤2.5} P {X ≥0.5}解:當x <‒1時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=0;當‒1≤x <2時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}=0.25;當2≤x <3時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}+P {X =2}=0.25+0.5=0.75;當x ≥3時,F (x )=P {X ≤x }=P {X =‒1}+P {X =2}+P {X =3}=0.25+0.5+0.25=1;则X 的分布函数F(x)为:F (x )={0, x <‒10.25, ‒1≤x <20.75, 2≤x <31, x ≥3P {1.5<X ≤2.5}=F (2.5)‒F (1.5)=0.75‒0.25=0.5 P {X ≥0.5}=1‒F (0.5)=1‒0.25=0.753.设F 1(x),F 2(x)分别为随机变量X 1和X 2的分布函数,且F(x)=a F 1(x)-bF 2(x)也是某一随机变量的分布函数,证明a-b=1.证: F (+∞)=aF (+∞)‒bF (+∞)=1,即a ‒b =14.如下4个函数,哪个是随机变量的分布函数:(1)F 1(x )={0, x <‒212, ‒2≤x <02, x ≥0(2)F 2(x )={0, x <0sinx, 0≤x <π1, x ≥π(3)F 3(x )={0, x <0sinx, 0≤x <π21, x ≥π2(4)F 4(x )={0, x <0x +13, 0<x <121, x ≥125.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F(x) =a+b arctanx ,‒∞<x <+∞,求(1)常数a,b;(2) P {‒1<X ≤1}解: (1)由分布函数的基本性质 得:F (‒∞)=0,F (+∞)=1{a +b ∗(‒π2)=0a +b ∗(π2)=1of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy5 OF 18解之a=, b=121π(2)P {‒1<X ≤1}=F (1)‒F (‒1)=a +b ∗π4‒(a +b ∗‒π4)=b ∗π2=12(将x=1带入F(x) =a+b arctanx )注: arctan 为反正切函数,值域(), arctan1=‒π2,π2 π46.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={0, x <1lnx, 1≤x <e1, x ≥e求P {X ≤2},P {0<X ≤3},P {2<X ≤2.5}解: 注: P {X ≤2}=F(2)=ln2 F(x)=P {X ≤x }P {0<X ≤3}=F (3)‒F (0)=1‒0=1;P {2<X ≤2.5}=F (2.5)‒F (2)=ln2.5‒ln2=ln2.52=ln1.25习题2.31.设随机变量X 的概率密度为:f (x )={acosx, |x |≤π20, 其他.求: (1)常数a; (2);(3)X 的分布函数F(x).P {0<X <π4}解:(1)由概率密度的性质∫+∞‒∞f (x )dx =1,∫π2‒π2acosxdx =a sinx |π2‒π2=asin π2‒asin (‒π2)=asin π2+asin π2=a +a =1A =12(2)P {0<X <π4}=(12)sin(π4)‒(12)sin (0)=12∗22+12∗0=24一些常用特殊角的三角函数值正弦余弦正切余切0010不存在π/61/2√3/2√3/3√3π/4√2/2√2/211of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy(3)X 的概率分布为:F (x )={0, x <‒π212(1+sinx ), ‒π2≤x <π21, x ≥π2 2.设随机变量X 的概率密度为f (x )=ae ‒|x |, ‒∞<x <+∞,求: (1)常数a; (2); (3)X 的分布函数. P {0≤X ≤1}解:(1),即a=∫+∞‒∞f(x)dx =∫0‒∞ae x dx +∫+∞ae ‒x dx =a +a =112(2)P {0≤X ≤1}=F (1)‒F (0)=12(1‒e ‒1)(3)X 的分布函数F (x )={12e x, x ≤01‒12e ‒x, x >03.求下列分布函数所对应的概率密度:(1)F 1(x )=12+1πarctanx , ‒∞<x <+∞;解:(柯西分布)f 1(x )=1π(1+x 2)(2)F 2(x )={1‒e ‒x 22, x >00, x ≤0π/3√3/21/2√3√3/3π/210不存在0π-1不存在7 OF 18解:(指数分布) f 2(x )={x e ‒x 22, x >00, x ≤0(3)F 3(x )={0, x <0sinx , 0≤ x ≤π21, x >π2解: (均匀分布)f 3(x )={cosx , 0≤ x ≤π20, 其他4.设随机变量X 的概率密度为f (x )={x, 0≤x <12‒x, 1≤ x <20, 其他.求: (1); (2)P {X ≥12} P {12<X <32}.解:(1)P {X ≥12}=1‒F (12)=1‒1222=1‒18=78(2)(2)P {12<X <32}=F(32)‒F(12)=(2∗32‒1‒3222)‒(3222)=345.设K 在(0,5)上服从均匀分布,求方程(利用二次式的判别式)4x 2+4Kx +K +2=0有实根的概率.解: K~U(0,5)f (K )={15 , 0≤x ≤50, 其他方程式有实数根,则Δ≥0,即(4K)2‒4∗4∗(K +2)=16K 2‒16(K +2)≥02≤K ≤‒1故方程有实根的概率为:P {K ≤‒1}+P {K ≥2}=∫5215dx =0.66.设X ~ U(2,5),现在对X 进行3次独立观测,求至少有两次观测值大于3的概率.解:P {K >3}=1‒F (3)=1‒3‒25‒2=23至少有两次观测值大于3的概率为:C 23(23)2(13)1+C 33(23)3(13)0=20277.设修理某机器所用的时间X 服从参数为λ=0.5(小时)指数分布,求在机器出现故障时,在一小时内可以修好的概率.解: P {X ≤1}=F (1)=1‒e‒0.58.设顾客在某银行的窗口等待服务的时间X(以分计)服从参数为λ=的指数分布,某顾客在窗口等待159 OF 18服务,若超过10分钟,他就离开.他一个月要到银行5次,以Y 表示他未等到服务而离开窗口的次数.写出Y 的分布律,并求P {Y ≥1}.解:“未等到服务而离开的概率”为P {X ≥10}=1‒F (10)=1‒(1‒e‒15∗10)=e ‒2P {Y =k }=C k 5(e ‒2)k(1‒e ‒2)5‒k , (k =0,1,2,3,4,5)Y 的分布律:Y 012345P0.4840.3780.1180.0180.0010.00004P {Y ≥1}=1‒P {Y =0}=1‒0.484=0.5169.设X ~ N(3,),求:22(1);P {2<X ≤5}, P {‒4<X ≤10}, P {|X |>2}, P {X >3}(2).常数c,使P {X >c }=P {X ≤c }解: (1)P {2<X ≤5}=Φ(5‒32)‒Φ(2‒32)=Φ(1)‒[1‒Φ(12)]=0.8413‒(1‒0.6915)=0.5328P {‒4<X ≤10}=Φ(10‒32)‒Φ(‒4‒32)=Φ(3.5)‒[1‒Φ(3.5)]=0.9998‒0.0002=0.9996 P {|X |>2}= 1‒P {‒2≤X ≤2}=1‒[Φ(2‒32)‒Φ(‒2‒32)]=1‒(0.3085‒0.0062)=0.6977P {X >3}= P {X ≥3}=1‒Φ(3‒32)=1‒Φ(0)=1‒0.5=0.5(2)P {X >c }=P {X ≤c }P {X >c }=1‒P {X ≥c }P {X >c }+P {X ≥c }=1Φ(c ‒32)+Φ(c ‒32)=1Φ(c ‒32)=0.5经查表,即C=3c ‒32=010.设X ~ N(0,1),设x 满足P {|X |>x }<0.1.求x 的取值范围.解:P {|X |>x }<0.12[1‒Φ(x )]<0.1‒Φ(x )<‒1920Φ(x )≥1920Φ(x )≥0.95经查表当 1.65时x ≥Φ(x )≥0.95即 1.65时x ≥P {|X |>x }<0.111.X ~ N(10,),求:22(1)P {7<X ≤15};(2)常数d,使P {|X ‒10|<d }<0.9.解: (1)P {7<X ≤15}=Φ(15‒102)‒Φ(7‒102)=Φ(2.5)‒[1‒Φ(1.5)]=0.9938‒0.0668=0.927(2)P {|X ‒10|<d }=P {10‒d <X <10+d }<0.9=Φ(10+d ‒102)‒Φ(10‒d ‒102)<0.9=Φ(d2)<0.95经查表,即d=3.3d2=1.6512.某机器生产的螺栓长度X(单位:cm)服从正态分布N(10.05,),规定长度在范围10.050.12内 0.062±为合格,求一螺栓不合格的概率.解:螺栓合格的概率为:P {10.05‒0.12<X <10.05+0.12}=P {9.93<X <10.17}=Φ(10.17‒10.050.06)‒Φ(9.93‒10.050.06)=Φ(2)‒[1‒Φ(2)]=0.9772∗2‒1=0.9544螺栓不合格的概率为1-0.9544=0.045613.测量距离时产生的随机误差X(单位:m)服从正态分布N(20,).进行3次独立测量.求:402(1)至少有一次误差绝对值不超过30m 的概率;(2)只有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率.解:(1)绝对值不超过30m的概率为:P{‒30<X<30}=Φ(30‒2040)‒Φ(‒30‒2040)=Φ(0.25)‒[1‒Φ(1.25)]=0.4931至少有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率为:1−C 03(0.4931)0(1‒0.4931)3=1‒0.1302=0.8698(2)只有一次误差绝对值不超过30m的概率为:C13(0.4931)1(1‒0.4931)2=0.3801习题2.41.设X的分布律为X-2023P0.20.20.30.3求(1)的分布律.Y1=‒2X+1的分布律; (2)Y2=|X|解: (1)的可能取值为5,1,-3,-5.Y1由于P{Y1=5}=P{‒2X+1=5}=P{X=‒2}=0.2P{Y1=1}=P{‒2X+1=1}=P{X=‒2}=0.2P{Y1=‒3}=P{‒2X+1=‒3}=P{X=2}=0.3P{Y1=‒5}=P{‒2X+1=‒5}=P{X=3}=0.3从而的分布律为:Y1X-5-315Y10.30.30.20.2(2)的可能取值为0,2,3.Y2由于P{Y2=0}=P{|X|=0}=P{X=0}=0.2P{Y2=2}=P{|X|=0}=P{X=‒2}+P{X=2}=0.2+0.3=0.5P{Y2=3}=P{|X|=3}=P{X=3}=0.3从而的分布律为:Y2X023Y20.20.50.32.设X的分布律为X-1012P0.20.30.10.411 OF 18求Y=(X‒1)2的分布律.解:Y的可能取值为0,1,4.由于P{Y=0}=P{(X‒1)2=0}=P{X=1}=0.1P{Y=1}=P{(X‒1)2=1}=P{X=0}+P{X=2}=0.7P{Y=4}=P{(X‒1)2=4}=P{X=‒1}=0.2从而的分布律为:YX014Y0.10.70.23.X~U(0,1),求以下Y的概率密度:(1)Y=‒2lnX; (2)Y=3X+1; (3)Y=e x.解: (1) Y=g(x)=‒2lnX, 值域為(0,+∞),X=ℎ(y)=e‒Y2, ℎ'(y)=12e‒Y2 f Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗12e‒Y2=12e‒Y2.即f Y(y)={12e‒Y2, y>0,0, y≤0(2) Y=g(x)=3X+1,值域為(‒∞,+∞), X=ℎ(y)=Y‒13, ℎ'(y)=13f Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗13=13即f Y(y)={13, 1< y<4,0, 其他注: 由X~U(0,1),,当X=0时,Y=3*0+1=1; ,当X=1时,Y=3*1+1=4 Y=3X+1(3) Y=g(x)=e x, X=ℎ(y)=lny, ℎ'(y)=1yf Y(y)=f x(ℎ(y))| ℎ'(y)|=1∗1y=1y即f Y(y)={1y, 0< y<e,0, 其他注: ,当X=0时,; ,当X=1时,Y=e0=0 Y=e1=e4.设随机变量X的概率密度为f X(x)={32x2, ‒1<x<00, 其他.of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy13 OF 18求以下Y 的概率密度:(1)Y=3X; (2) Y=3-X; (3)Y =X 2.解: (1) Y=g(x)=3X,X =ℎ(y )=Y 3, ℎ'(y)=13f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=Y 26∗13=Y218即f Y (y )={Y 218, ‒3< y <0,0, 其他(2)Y=g(x) =3-X, X=h(y) =3-Y,-1ℎ'(y)=f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=32∗(3‒Y)2+1=3(3‒Y)22即f Y (y )={3(3‒Y)22, 3< y <4,0, 其他(3), X=h(y)=,Y =g(x)=X 2Y ℎ'(y)=12Y,即f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=3Y 22∗1 2Y=3Y4f Y (y )={3Y4, 0< y <1,0, 其他5.设X 服从参数为λ=1的指数分布,求以下Y 的概率密度:(1)Y=2X+1; (2)(3) Y =e x; Y =X 2.解: (1) Y=g(x)=2X+1,X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12, ℎ'(y )=12X 的概率密度为:f X (x )={λe ‒λx, x >0,0, x ≤0f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=λe ‒λ∗Y ‒12∗12=12e ‒Y ‒12即f Y (y )={12e ‒Y ‒12, y >00, 其他(2)Y =g (x )=e x , X =ℎ(y )=lnY,ℎ'(y )= 1Y注意是绝对值 ℎ'(y)of backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, full of humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happyf Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=e‒lnY∗1Y =1e lnY ∗1Y =1Y ∗1Y =1Y 2即f Y (y )={1Y2, y >10, 其他(3)Y =g (x )=X 2,X =ℎ(y )=Y , ℎ'(y )=12Y,,f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=e ‒Y∗12Y=12Ye ‒Y即f Y (y )={12Ye ‒Y, y >00, 其他6.X~N(0,1),求以下Y 的概率密度:(1) Y =|X |; (2)Y =2X 2+1解: (1) Y =g (x )=|X |, X =ℎ(y )=±Y, ℎ'(y )=1f X (x )=12πσe‒(x ‒μ)22σ2‒∞<x <+∞当X=+Y 时:f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒y 22当X=-Y 时: f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe ‒y 22故f Y (y )=12πe ‒y 22+12πe‒y 22=22πe ‒y 22=42πe‒y 22=2πe ‒y 22f Y (y )={2πe ‒y 22, y >00, y ≤0(2)Y =g (x )=2X 2+1, X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12,ℎ'(y )=12Y ‒12永远大于0.e x 当x>0是,>1e xof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy15 OF 18f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒(Y ‒12)22∗12Y ‒12=12π(y ‒1)e‒y ‒14即f Y (y )={12π(y ‒1)e ‒y ‒14, y >10, y ≤1自测题一,选择题1,设一批产品共有1000件,其中有50件次品,从中随机地,有放回地抽取500件产品,X 表示抽到次品的件数,则P{X=3}= C .A. B.C. D.C 350C 497950C 5001000A 350A 497950A 5001000C 3500(0.05)3(0.95)497 35002.设随机变量X~B(4,0.2),则P{X>3}= A .A. 0.0016B. 0.0272C. 0.4096D. 0.8192解:P{X>3}= P{X=4}= (二项分布)C 44(0.2)4(1‒0.2)03.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F(x),下列结论中不一定成立的是D .A. B. C. D. F(x) 为连续函数F (+∞)=1 F (‒∞)=00≤F (x )≤14.下列各函数中是随机变量分布函数的为 B .A. B.F 1(x )=11+x 2, ‒∞<x <+∞F 2(x )={0, x ≤0x 1+x , x >0C.D.F 3(x )=e ‒x, ‒∞<x <+∞F 4(x )=34+12πarctanx, ‒∞<x <+∞5.设随机变量X 的概率密度为 则常数a= A .f (x )={a x 2, x >100, x ≤10A. -10B.C.D. 10解: F(x) =‒15001500∫+∞‒∞a x2dx =‒ax =16.如果函数是某连续型随机变量X 的概率密度,则区间[a,b]可以是 C f (x )={x, a<x <b0, 其他A. [0, 1]B. [0, 2]C. D. [1, 2][0,2]不晓得为何课后答案为Dof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy7.设随机变量X 的取值范围是[-1,1],以下函数可以作为X 的概率密度的是 A A. B. {12, ‒1< x <10, 其他{2, ‒1< x <10, 其他C.D. {x, ‒1< x <10, 其他{x 2, ‒1< x <10, 其他8.设连续型随机变量X 的概率密度为 则= B .f (x )={x2, 0< x <20, 其他P{‒1≤ X ≤1}A. 0 B. 0.25 C. 0.5 D. 1解:P {‒1≤ X ≤1}=∫1‒1x2dx =x 24|1‒1=149.设随机变量X~U(2,4),则= A . (需在区间2,4内)P{3< x <4}A. B. P{2.25< x <3.25}P{1.5< x <2.5}C. D. P{3.5< x <4.5}P{4.5< x <5.5}10. 设随机变量X 的概率密度为 则X~ A .f (x )=122πe ‒(x ‒1)28A. N (-1, 2)B. N (-1, 4)C. N (-1, 8)D. N (-1, 16)11.已知随机变量X 的概率密度为fx(x),令Y=-2X,则Y 的概率密度fy(y)为 D .A.B.C.D. 2f X (‒2y)f X (‒y2)12f X(‒y2)12f X (y 2)二,填空题1.已知随机变量X 的分布律为X 12345P2a0.10.3a0.3则常数a= 0.1 .解:2a+0.1+0.3+a+0.3=12.设随机变量X 的分布律为X 123P162636记X 的分布函数为F(x)则F(2)=.解: 1216+263.抛硬币5次,记其中正面向上的次数为X,则=.P{ X ≤4}3132解:P { X ≤4}=1‒P { X =5}=1‒C 55(12)5(12)自己算的结果是12f X(‒y2)17 OF 184.设X 服从参数为λ(λ>0)的泊松分布,且,则λ= 2 .P { X =0}=12P { X =2}解:分别将.P { X =0},P { X =2}帶入P k =P { X =k }=λk k!e ‒λ5.设随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={0, x <a0.4, a ≤x <b1, x ≥b其中0<a<b,则= 0.4.P {a2<X <a +b 2}解:P { a 2<X <a +b 2}=F (a +b 2)‒F (a 2)=0.4‒0=0.46.设X 为连续型随机变量,c 是一个常数,则= 0.P { X =c }7. 设连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为F (x )={13e x, x <013(x +1), 0≤x <21, x ≥2则X 的概率密度为f(x),则当x<0是f(x)=.13e x 8. 设连续型随机变量X 的分布函数为其中概率密度为f(x),F (x )={1‒e ‒2x , x >00, x ≤0则f(1)= .2e ‒29. 设连续型随机变量X 的概率密度为其中a>0.要使,则常数a=f (x )={12a, ‒a < x <a 0, 其他P { X >1}=13 3 .解:P { X >1}=1‒P { X ≤1}=13,P { X ≤1}=23=12a10.设随机变量X~N(0,1),为其分布函数,则= 1 .Φ(x)Φ(x )+Φ(‒x)11.设X~N ,其分布函数为为标准正态分布函数,则F(x)与之间的关系是(μ,σ2)F (x ),Φ(x)Φ(x)=.F (x )Φ(x ‒μσ)12.设X~N(2,4),则= 0.5 .P { X ≤2}13.设X~N(5,9),已知标准正态分布函数值,为使,则Φ(0.5)=0.6915P { X <a }<0.6915常数a< 6.5. 解:, F (a )=Φ(a ‒μσ)=a ‒53a ‒53<0.514. 设X~N(0,1),则Y=2X+1的概率密度= .f Y (y )122πe‒(Y ‒1)28解:Y =g (x )=2X +1, X =ℎ(y )=Y ‒12,ℎ'(y )=12f Y (y )=f x (ℎ(y ))| ℎ'(y)|=12πe‒(Y ‒12)22∗12=122πe‒(Y ‒1)28三.袋中有2个白球3个红球,现从袋中随机地抽取2个球,以X 表示取到红球的数,求X 的分布律.解: X=0,1,2当X=0时,P { X =0}=C 03∗C 22C 25=110当X=1时,P { X =1}=C 13∗C 12C 25=610当X=2时,P { X =2}=C 23∗C 02C 25=310X 的分布律为:X 012P110610310四.设X 的概率密度为求: (1)X 的分布函数F(x);(2).f (x )={|x|, ‒1≤ x ≤10, 其他 P { X <0.5},P { X >‒0.5}解: (1)当x <-1时. F(x)=0;;当‒1≤x <0时,F(x)=∫x‒1‒x dx =‒x 22|x ‒1=12‒x 22当0≤x <1时,F (x )=1‒ 1∫xx dx =1‒x 22|1x =12+x 22当x ≥1时. F(x)=1F (X )={0, X <‒112‒x22, ‒1≤X <012+x22, 0≤X <11, X ≥1(2)P { X <0.5}=F (0.5)=12+0.522=58;P { X >‒0.5}=1‒F (‒0.5)=1‒(12‒0.522)=58五.已知某种类型电子组件的寿命X(单位:小时)服从指数分布,它的概率密度为f (x )={12000e ‒x 2000, x >00, x ≤0We will continue to improve the company's internal control system, and steady improvement in ability to manage and control, optimize business processes, to ensure smooth processes, responsibilities in place; to further strengthen internal controls, play a control post independent oversight role of evaluation complying with third-party responsibility; to actively make use of internal audit tools detect potential management, streamline, standardize related transactions, strengthening operations in accordance with law. Deepening the information management to ensure full communication "zero resistance". To constantly perfect ERP, and BFS++, and PI, and MIS, and SCM, information system based construction, full integration information system, achieved information resources shared; to expand Portal system application of breadth and depth, play information system on enterprise of Assistant role; to perfect daily run maintenance operation of records, promote problem reasons analysis and system handover; to strengthening BFS++, and ERP, and SCM, technology application of training, improve employees application information system of capacity and level. Humanistic care to ensure "zero." To strengthening Humanities care,continues to foster company wind clear, and gas are, and heart Shun of culture atmosphere; strengthening love helped trapped, care difficult employees; carried out style activities, rich employees life; strengthening health and labour protection, organization career health medical, control career against; continues to implementation psychological warning prevention system, training employees health of character, and stable of mood and enterprising of attitude, created friendly fraternity of Humanities environment. To strengthen risk management, ensure that the business of "zero risk". To strengthened business plans management, will business business plans cover to all level, ensure the business can control in control; to close concern financial, and coal electric linkage, and energy-saving scheduling, national policy trends, strengthening track, active should; to implementation State-owned assets method, further specification business financial management; to perfect risk tube control system, achieved risk recognition, and measure, and assessment, and report, and control feedback of closed ring management, improve risk prevention capacity. To further standardize trading, and strive to achieve "according to law, standardize and fair." Innovation of performance management, to ensure that potential employees "zero fly". To strengthen performance management, process control, enhance employee evaluation and levels of effective communication to improve performance management. To further quantify and refine employee standards ... Work, full play party, and branch, and members in "five type Enterprise" construction in the of core role, and fighting fortress role and pioneer model role; to continues to strengthening "four good" leadership construction, full play levels cadres in enterprise development in theof backbone backbone role; to full strengthening members youth work, full play youth employees in company development in the of force role; to improve independent Commission against corruption work level, strengthening on enterprise business key link of effectiveness monitored. , And maintain stability. To further strengthen publicity and education, improve the overall legal system. We must strengthen safety management, establish and improve the education, supervision, and evaluation as one of the traffic safety management mechanism. To conscientiously sum up the Olympic security controls, promoting integrated management to a higher level, higher standards, a higher level of development. Employees, today is lunar calendar on December 24, the ox Bell is about to ring, at this time of year, we clearly feel the pulse of the XX power generation company to flourish, to more clearly hear XX power generation companies mature and symmetry breathing. Recalling past one another across a railing, we are enthusiastic and full of confidence. Future development opportunities, we more exciting fight more spirited. Employees, let us together across 2013 full of challenges and opportunities, to create a green, low-cost operation, fullof humane care of a world-class power generation company and work hard! The occasion of the Spring Festival, my sincere wish that you and the families of the staff in the new year, good health, happy, happy19 OF 18一台仪器装有4个此种类型的电子组件,其中任意一个损坏时仪器便不能正常工作,假设4个电子组件损坏与否相互独立.试求: (1)一个此种类型电子组件能工作2000小时以上的概率;(2)一台仪器能正p 1常工作2000小时以上的概率.p 2解: (1)P 1=P {X ≥2000}=∫+∞200012000e‒x 2000dx=12000∗‒2000∗e‒x2000|+∞2000=‒e‒x 2000|+∞2000=0‒(‒e ‒1)=e ‒1(2)因4个电子组件损坏与否相互独立,故:P 2=P 14=(e ‒1)4=e ‒4当+∞带入‒x2000时变成负无穷大,e ‒∞=0。
第二章习题与答案同学们根据自己作答的实际情况，并结合总正误率和单个题目正误统计以及答案解析来总结和分析习题！！！标红表示正确答案标蓝表示解析1、为掌握商品销售情况，对占该地区商品销售额60%的10家大型商场进行调查，这种调查方式属于( )。
A普查B抽样调查【解析：抽取一部分单位进行调查；习惯上将概率抽样（根据随机原则来抽取样本）称为抽样调查】C重点调查【解析：在调查对象中选择一部分重点单位进行调查的一种非全面调查】D统计报表2、人口普查规定标准时间是为了（）。
A确定调查对象和调查单位B避免资料的重复和遗漏。
C使不同时间的资料具有可比性D便于登记资料【解析：规定时间只是为了统计该时间段内的人口数据，没有不同时间数据对比的需要】3、对一批灯泡的使用寿命进行调查，应该采用( )。
A普查 B重点调查 C典型调查D抽样调查4、分布数列反映( )。
A总体单位标志值在各组的分布状况B总体单位在各组的分布状况【解析：课本30页1.分布数列的概念一段最后一句】C总体单位标志值的差异情况D总体单位的差异情况5、与直方图比较，茎叶图( )。
A没有保留原始数据的信息B保留了原始数据的信息【解析：直方图展示了总体数据的主要分布特征，但它掩盖了各组内数据的具体差异。
为了弥补这一局限，对于未分组的原始数据则可以用茎叶图来观察其分布。
课本P38】C更适合描述分类数据D不能很好反映数据的分布特征6、在累计次数分布中，某组的向上累计次数表明( )。
A大于该组上限的次数是多少B大于该组下限的次数是多少C小于该组上限的次数是多少【解析：向上累计是由变量值小的组向变量值大的组累计各组的次数或频率，各组的累计次数表明小于该组上限的次数或百分数共有多少。
课本P33】D小于该组下限的次数是多少7、对某连续变量编制组距数列，第一组上限为500，第二组组中值是750，则第一组组中值为 ( )。
A. 200B. 250C. 500D. 300【解析：组中值=下限+组距/2=上限+组距/2】8、下列图形中最适合描述一组定量数据分布的是( )。
第二章3.设随机变量X 的分布函数为1(1), 0() 0, 0x x e x F x x -⎧-+>=⎨≤⎩，试求：（1）密度函数()f x ；（2）(1)P X ≥，(2)P X <。
解：（1）()()0 0x xe x f x F x x -⎧>'==⎨≤⎩（2）2(1)1(1)1(1)P X P X F e≥=-<=-=，（3）221(2)(2)1(12)13P X F e e-<==-+=-7.设随机变量X 的密度函数为||(),x f x Ae x R -=∈，试求：（1）常数A ；（2）(01)P X <<。
解：（1）01()2x x f x dx Ae dx Ae dx A +∞+∞--∞-∞==+=⎰⎰⎰12A ∴=（1）10111(01))22x P X e dx e -<<==-⎰10确定常数C ，使得2()(0,1,2,3)3k CP X k k ===成为某个随机变量X 的分布律，解：由条件得：11112()113927C +++=，则2780C =；且( 1.2)=(0)(1)P X P X P X ≤=+=2721(10.9803⨯=+=.12．设~(1,16),X N -(0.5)0.6915,Φ=(1)0.8413Φ=，求(3)P X >。
解：(3)1(3)1(33)P X P X P X >=-≤=--≤≤311311()444X P -+++=-≤≤1[(1)(0.5)]1(1)1(0.5)0.4672=-Φ-Φ-=-Φ+-Φ=13．设球体的直径X 服从(2,5)上的均匀分布,求体积Y 的概率密度。
解：由于直径X 服从[2,5]上均匀分布,所以其概率密度函数为1,[2,5]()30,X x f x ⎧∈⎪=⎨⎪⎩其它.而两随机变量有316y x π=，则其反函数为1/31/36()(x h y y π==，且其导数的绝对值为'1/32/32()=()9h y y π-，由性质得Y 的概率密度1/32164125(,[,]936()0,Y y y f y πππ⎧∈⎪=⎨⎪⎩其它18.确定常数C ，使得()(0,1,2,3)2k CP X k k ===成为某个随机变量X 的分布律，并求( 2.5)P X ≤。
