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2000年5月第五篇Questions 41-50According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, Line such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, althoughsupport to individual members.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other groupmembers. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to(25) suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote(30) distant respect.题目解析：41. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The problems faced by leaders(B) How leadership differs in small and large groups(C) How social groups determine who will lead them(D) The role of leaders in social groups解析：本文第1段和第2段讲了一个团体中领导的产生，第3段和第4段着重阐述了领导的角色，即功用型领导和亲和型领导。
英语语言研究方向选题1．语音1.1 语音学英语语音特点美式英语语音特点英音和美音的区别分析英语语音的变异现象英语书写与语音的差异英语和汉语语音比较1.2 语位学英语音位变体英语音节结构特征英语音位分布特征英语音节音位与汉语音节音位比较英汉音位对比1.3超音段音节英语重音特点英语语调特点英语音节节奏研究英语超音段音位比较研究2. 语法学英语祈使句结构双并语结构There Be 结构疑问句特殊疑问句It 用法被动句中英相应语法结构制中英具体模式与句式特点英语间的用法As 的用法That的用法不定式的用法动名词的用法非谓语动词的用法情态动词的用法各种时态的特殊用法主动与被动的问题数词的问题代词的问题3.形态学英语语法特征英语启折变化特征英语构词法英语复合词英语词汇借入4.语义英语词语的色彩英语词汇的特点网络英语词汇特征词的理句和文化历史关系中英文化中的词汇意义对应分析若干时态多少的英语反义与语义研究词汇空缺与词义冲突词语构成的现据英语词汇的发展基本形态变化的英语反义词语义讲究英语词汇的相异性英语歧义现象英语同义词的差异性5.语用学非言语交际跨文化交际关联理语用推理关联的交际言语行为语用失误6.修辞学英语修辞结构的特征修辞特征与文化修辞与理解英汉修辞手法的比较讲话与修辞英语语言研究参考书目语言学：程雨民.《语言系统及其运作》. 上海外语教育出版社，1997.程雨民.《英语语体学》. 上海外语教育出版社，1989.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》（1991）. 北京语言学院出版社，1993.董树人（主编）. 《语言学论文索引》（1992）. 北京语言学院出版社，1994.董树人（主编）. 《语言学论文索引》（1993）. 北京语言学院出版社，1995.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》（1994）.北京语言学院出版社，1996.董树人（主编）.《语言学论文索引》.北京语言学院出版社，1997.桂诗春.《应用语言学》.湖南教育出版社，1988.桂诗春.《心理语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.桂诗春,宁春岩主编.《语言学方法论》.外语教育与研究出版社，1997.何自然.《语用学概论》. 湖南教育出版社，1988.刘辰诞.《教育篇章语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1999.刘润清.《西方语言学流派》.外语教育与研究出版社，1995.戚雨村.《语言学引论》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.戚雨村.《现代语言学的特点和发展趋势》.上海外语教育出版社，1997.秦秀白.《文体学概论》，湖南教育出版社，1986.赵世开.《美国语言学简史》.上海外语教育出版社，1989.王德春.《语言学概论》.上海外语教育出版社，1997.王宗炎.《语言学和语言的运用》.上海外语教育出版社，1998.王宗炎.《语言问题探索》.上海外语教育出版社，1985.伍谦光.《语义学导论》.湖南教育出版社，1988.杨自俭，李瑞华.《英汉对比研究论文集》.上海外语教育出版社，1990.祝畹琼.《社会语言学概论》.湖南教育出版社，1992.伍铁平.《模糊语言学》.上海外语教育出版社，1999.中国英汉语比较研究会《英汉语比较研究》.湖南科技教育出版社，1994.Carroll,D.W.Psychology of language,3rd edition(语言心理学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Fasold,R.The Sociolinguistics of Language(社会语言学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Gee,J.P.An introduction to Discourse Analysis:Theory and Method(话语分析入门：理论和方法)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000.Hudson,R.A.Sociolinguistics(社会语言学)，外语教育与研究出版社，2000.J.Kramsky.”Papers in General Linguistics”,Paris:Mouton the Hague,1976.Lyons,J.Linguistic Semantics:An Introduction(语义学引论), 外语教育与研究出版社，2000. Peccei,J.S.Pragmatics(语用学), 外语教育与研究出版社，2000。
2000下半年上海市高等教育自學考試社科文獻檢索試題及答案要點第一部分選擇題一、單項選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題1分，共10分）在每小題列出的四個選項中只有一個選項是符合題目要求的，請將正確選項前的字母填在題後的括弧內。
1.查古籍叢書最理想的書目是（）CA.《叢書舉要》B.《叢書集成初編目錄》C.《中國叢書綜錄》D.《中國近代現代叢書目錄》2.手冊的基本特點是（）DA.側重揭示文獻內部特徵B.內容新穎，連續出版C.著錄內容標明出處D.所收資料側重基礎知識，注重實用性3.《十三經索引》是（）CA.逐字索引B.逐詞索引C.逐句索引D.篇名索引4.查本學科重要專業期刊的最佳工具書是（）BA.《全國中文期刊聯合目錄》B.《中文核心期刊要目總覽》C.《中國近代期刊篇目匯錄》D.《中國期刊大全》5.查詞藻典故的主要類書有（）CA.《冊府元龜》B.《太平廣記》C.《佩文韻府》D.《藝文類聚》6.我國第一部體裁完備的政書是（）DA.\"十通\"B.《通典》C.《文獻通考》D.《政典》7.查古代漢語辭彙的主要工具書是（）CA.《辭海》B.《辭通》C.《辭源》D.《詞詮》8.書目資料庫主要提供的是（）BA.一次文獻B.二次文獻C.三次文獻D.零次文獻9.進行中西歷年月日換算所用的主要工具書有（）DA.《中國歷史紀年表》B.《西元干支推算表》C.《中國歷史大事年表》D.《中國史曆日和中西曆日對照表》10.利用選定的檢索工具由近及遠地逐年查找，直到查到所需文獻為止的檢索方法是（）AA.倒查法B.順查法C.追溯法D.抽查法11.ABC 12.ABCD 13.ABD 14.AC 15.AD 16.ACD 17.ABCD 18.ABD19.ABD二、多項選擇題（本大題共10小題，每小題2分，共20分）在每小題列出的四個選項中有二至四個選項是符合題目要求的，請將正確選項前的字母填在題後的括弧內。
多選、少選、錯選均無分。
《社会调查方法》试题（一）一、不定项选择题（2分×10，共20分）1．我国于2000年进行的全国人口调查属于（）。
A．普查 B．抽样调查 C．典型调查 D．个案调查2. 统计分析方法的内容可以根据变量的多少划分为（）。
A．单变量分析 B．双变量分析C．三变量分析 D．多变量分析3. “将被调查者工资单上的应发金额数加上每月奖金发放统计表上他所得的奖金数额就是他的收入状况”是（）。
A．测量客体 B．测量内容C．测量法则 D．数字和符号4. 从12.8万名大学生中抽取1000名大学生，一次直接抽取出40个班级，而以这40个班级中的全部学生(假定正好1000名)作为调查对象，则班级就是（）。
A．抽样框 B．抽样单位 C．元素 D．样本5. 最常见的集中量数有（）。
A．平均数B．众数 C．中位数 D．标准差6. 社会调查中所研究的对象称之为（）。
A．调查对象 B．研究内容C．分析单位 D．研究主题7. 现代社会调查主要采用( )两种方法收集资料。
A. 自填式问卷B. 结构式访问C. 个别发送法D. 电话访问法8. 属于定类测量层次。
A.性别B.年龄C.收入D.职业声望9. 社会调查研究的一般程序包括五个基本环节，即（1）确定研究课题（2）整理与分析资料（3）搜集资料（4）撰写调查研究报告（5）设计调查研究方案。
合适的程序应为（）A．（1）—（2）—（3）—（4）—（5）B．（1）—（5）—（3）—（2）—（4）C．（3）—（1）—（5）—（2）—（4）D．（1）—（3）—（5）—（2）—（4）10. 下列抽样方法中属于概率抽样的是：（）A. 随机抽样B. 偶遇抽样C. 系统抽样D. 整群抽样二、名词解释（4分×5，共20分）1. 应用性课题2. 离散趋势分析3. 统计值4. 操作化5. 交互分类三、计算题（15分）调查100名工人和100名教师的收入，得到下列资料。
问工人相互之间收入的差别与教师相互之间收入的差别哪个更大?收入工人数教师数300 30 20400 20 30500 30 40600 20 10四、综合题（15分）某校有4000毕业生，共80个班级。
County data from the 2000 Presidential Election in Florida(2000年的总统选举中佛罗里达州县数据)数据摘要：These data are derived from three sources, described below. As far as I am aware, you are free to use these data in any way that you see fit, though some acknowledgement is always nice. The candidate vote counts are the final certified counts reported by the Florida Division of Elections. These were obtained from the NORC web site in the file Cert_results.csv. Note that these do NOT inculde the federal absentee votes (so that Gore's total vote is actually higher here than Bush's).中文关键词：数据挖掘,统计,总统选举,佛罗里达州,2000,英文关键词：Data mining,Statistics,Presidential election,Florida,2000,数据格式：TEXT数据用途：The data can be used for data mining and analysis.数据详细介绍：County data from the 2000 PresidentialElection in Florida∙AbstractThese data are derived from three sources, described below. As far as I am aware, you are free to use these data in any way that you see fit, though some acknowledgement is always nice. The candidate vote counts are the final certified counts reported by the Florida Division of Elections. These were obtained from the NORC web site in the file Cert_results.csv. Note that these do NOT inculde the federal absentee votes (so that Gore's total vote is actually higher here than Bush's).∙Data DescriptionThese data are compiled by Brett Presnell, Department of Statistics, University of Florida.The undervote and overvote counts were extracted from the NORC ballot level data in the file aligned.txt. Since aligned.txt is too large to work with in R (or almost any other program) I used cut (a standard UNIX program) to extract just the columns I needed:cut -f 2,9,10 -d"|" aligned.txt > tmpThen I read the results into R and processed them there.The technology and columns data were extracted from the Media Group data from the NORC web site. "Technology" is simply the type of voting machine used, and "columns" is 1 if the ballot listed the presidential candidates in a single column on a single page, and 2 if the presidential candidates were spread over two columns or two pages of the ballot.These agree with some earlier data that I had obtained from the NY Times web site, except that in the media group data the PalmBeachcounty ballot (the famous butterfly ballot) was listed as having one column. I would definitely call this a two-column ballot, so that is the designation recorded here. At one time I thought that MiamiDade County also used a two-column ballot, but I was wrong (the ballot listed the candidates and parties in English and Spanish in opposing columns).Images of most of the ballots can be found on the New York Times web site:/images/2001/11/12/politics/recount/index_BALLOT.html数据预览：点此下载完整数据集。
2000年同等学力人员申请硕士学位学科综合水平全国统一考试心理学试卷一、单项选择题（每题2分,共30分）1.最早编制出智力测验量表的心理学家是（）A.桑代克B.卡塔尔C.比纳D.罗夏克2.吉尔福特的智力理论称为（）A.特立因素说B.二因素说C.三维智力结构说D.智力层次说3、投射法主要用来研究（）A.智力B.人格C.思维D.观察力4.皮亚杰使用（）研究儿童的道德发展A.道德发展问卷B.临床法C.自然实验法D.道德两难法5.文化--历史发展理论是由前苏联（）创立的。
A.巴甫洛夫B.维果斯基C.达维多夫D.谢切诺夫6.系统脱敏法的理论基础是（）A.行为主义理论B.精神分析理论C.需要层次理论D.认知不协调理论7.先将总体各单按某一标志顺序排列编上序号，然后用总体单位数除以样本单位数求得取样间隔，最后根据取样间隔作等距取样，这种取样法称为（）A.系统随机取样法B.分层随机取样法C.多段随机取样法D.整群随机取样法8.下面四种方法中属于真实验设计的是（）A.时间序列设计B.被试内设计C.对照组比较设计D.相等时间样本设计9.研究中，为控制因主试、被试了解实验目的引起的无关变量，可以采取的方法是（）A.平衡测查任务的顺序B.使用单一主试C.加快测查的速度D.双盲法10.大脑两半球主管语言运动的脑区是（）A.威尔尼克区B.角回C.布洛尔区D.视觉区11.有相等单位，但没有绝对零点的量表称为（）A.命名量表B.等级量表C.等距量表D.比例量表12.测量过量中由不可控制的偶然因素引起的误差称为（）A.系统误差B.恒定误差C.测量误差D.随机误差13.有一学生的成绩低于平均成绩一个标准差，请问他在该班的百分位是（）A.16%B.36%C.50%D.84%14.总体方差已知的标准误计算公式为（）(σ/根号n) 15.实验设计中的不同效应模型影响方差分析的（）A.交互作用的均方B.误差项的均方C.F值计算的分母项D.F值计算的分子项二、名词解释（每题3分,共15分）1.知觉恒常性2.准实验设计3.心理测量4.显著性水平5.图式三、论述题（每题7分,共35分）1.请论述能力与知识、技能的关系。
2000年竞选类型学调查(Campaign 2000 Typology
Survey)
数据摘要：
The Campaign 2000 Typology Survey investigated Americans' opinions on a variety of topics, including the 2000 Presidential election and candidates, the major political parties, and various social groups. The survey also included a rich set of questions on religion and politics, covering topics such as whether churches and clergy should express political views and whether religious groups should receive government funding to provide social services. The data set features a 10-group Political Typology (variable 160) which sorts respondents into homogeneous groups based on their values, political beliefs, and party affiliation. For a full report on these data, visit the Pew website:
/reports/display.php3?PageID=175
中文关键词：
竞选,类型学调查,美国人的观点,总统选举,政党,社会团体,
英文关键词：
campaign,typology survey,American's opinion,presidential election,political party,social group,
数据格式：
TEXT
数据用途：
The data can be used for data mining.
数据详细介绍：
Campaign 2000 Typology Survey
The Campaign 2000 Typology Survey investigated Americans' opinions on a variety of topics, including the 2000 Presidential election and candidates, the major political parties, and various social groups. The survey also included a rich set of questions on religion and politics, covering topics such as whether churches and clergy should express political views and whether religious groups should receive government funding to provide social services. The data set features a 10-group Political Typology (variable 160) which sorts respondents into homogeneous groups based on their values, political beliefs, and party affiliation. For a full report on these data, visit the Pew website: /reports/display.php3?PageID=175
Data File
Cases: 2,799
Variables: 160
Weight Variable: WEIGHT
Data Collection
Date Collected: August 24 - September 10, 2000
Funded By
The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press
Collection Procedures
From the Pew Website: "Results for the Campaign 2000 Typology Survey are based on telephone interviews conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates among a nationwide sample of 2,799 adults (1,999 registered voters), 18 years of age or
older, during the period August 24 September 10, 2000. For results based on the total sample, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling and other random effects is plus or minus
2 percentage points. For results based on registered voters, the
sampling error is plus or minus 2.5 percentage points. For results based on likely voters (N=1495), the sampling error is plus or minus 3 percentage points. For results based on either Form 1 (N=1025) or Form 2 (N=974) registered voters, the sampling error is plus or minus
3.5 percentage points.
"In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls."
Principal Investigators
The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press
Related Publications
The Pew Research Center for the People and the Press Survey Report: "Religion and Politics: The Ambivalent Majority" released September 20, 2000 (/reports/display.php3?PageID=175)
数据预览：
点此下载完整数据集。
