国际结算 中,专业名词的英汉对照

第一章国际收支国际借贷international indebtedness（外汇的）收入receipts支付payment国际收支balance of payment经济实体economy经济交易economic transactions国际投资头寸international investment position顺差surplus逆差deficit国际收支危机balance of payment crisis国际收支平衡表balance of payment statement局部差额partial balance经常项目the current account货物goods收入incomes经常转移current transfers资本和金融帐户the capital and financial account 资本转移capital transfers错误与遗漏帐户errors and omissions account （国际收支）均衡equilibrium（国际收支）不均衡disequilibrium自主性交易autonomous transaction=事前交易ex-ante transaction调节性交易accommodating/compensatory transaction=事后交易ex-post transaction基本差额basic balance净清偿差额net liquidity balance官方储备交易差额official reserve transaction balance综合差额overall balance物价-现金流动机制price-specie-flow mechanism 弹性分析法the elasticities approachJ曲线效应J-curve effect吸收分析法the absorption approach货币分析法the monetary approach周期性不均衡cyclical disequilibrium货币性/价格性不均衡Monetary/price disequilibrium收入性不均衡income disequilibrium持久性不均衡secular disequilibrium结构性不均衡structural disequilibrium外汇平稳基金exchange stabilization fund货币贬值devaluation货币升值revaluation（国际收支）基本不均衡fundamental disequilibrium第二章外汇、汇率、外汇市场外汇foreign exchange可自由兑换货币convertible currency外汇汇率foreign exchange rate基本货币base currency标价货币quoted currency直接/应付标价法direct/giving quotation间接/应收标价法indirect/ receiving quotation国定汇率fixed rate浮动汇率floating rate自由浮动freely floating = clean floating有管理的浮动managed floating=肮脏浮动dirty floating（银行）买入汇率bid/buy rate（银行）卖出汇率selling/offer rate同业买卖汇率interbank rate中间汇率Middle rate现钞汇率bank notes rate基本汇率basic rate套算汇率cross rate电汇汇率telegraph transfers rate，T/T rate信汇汇率mail transfers rate，M/T rate汇票汇率demand draft rate，D/D rate即期汇率spot rate远期汇率forward rate远期差价forward margin升水at premium贴水at discount平价at par开盘汇率opening rate收盘汇率closing rate名义汇率nominal rate实际汇率real rate有效汇率effective rate金本位制gold standard system金汇兑本位gold exchange standard黄金输送点gold points有弹性elastic缺乏弹性inelastic空头short position多头long position批发市场wholesale market零售市场retail market外汇风险foreign exchange risk交易风险transaction exposure转换风险transfers exposure经营风险operating exposure债务净额支付netting双边债务净额支付bilateral netting多边债务净额支付multilateral netting配平matching自然配平batural matching平行配平parallel matching提前与推后收付leading & lagging计价货币currency of invoicing定价pricing资产负债管理asset and liability management货币市场套期保值money market hedge货币市场套期保值borrow-spot-invest贴现Discounting保收factoring即期外汇交易spot exchange transaction外汇头寸exchange position超卖oversold超买overbought抛补cover双档报价two way price远期汇差forward margin=掉期率swap rate择期远期交易optional forward transaction掉期外汇交易foreign exchange swap transaction 即期-远期掉期交易spot-forward swaps即期对即期掉期交易spot-spot swaps隔日掉期交易tomorrow-next swaps远期对远期掉期交易forward-forward swaps套汇交易arbitrage transaction不抛补套利uncovered interest arbitrage外汇期货foreign exchange future=外币期货currency=货币期货交易单位trading unit合约规模contract size最小变动价位minimum price change每日价格波动限制daily price limit交易时间trading hours最后交易日last trading day交割delivery初始保证金initial margin维持保证金maintenance margin变动保证金variation margin期权options 外币期权等参考期货看涨期权call options看跌期权put options场外期权OTP options场内期权exchange traded options现汇期权options on spot exchange期货期权options on foreign currency futures标的货币underlying currency履约价格strike price or exercise price 到期月份/日expiration months/day最后交易日last trading day保证金margin交割方式delivery methods期权价格option price期权费options premium内在价值intrinsic value外在价值extrinsic value履约价值exercise value时间价值time value溢价期权in-the-money-option损价期权out-of-the-money option平价期权at-the-money options第三章外汇制度外汇管制汇率制度exchange rate regime浮动汇率制floating exchange rate system中间汇率制intermediate exchange rate regimes 两极汇率制bipolar exchange rate regimes恶性循环假说vicious circle hypothesis国际储备的交易需求transactions demand for international reserves国际储备的预防性需求precautionary demand for international reserves自由浮动independent floating管理浮动managed floating爬行盯住制crawling peg货币局制度currency board arrangements货币联盟monetary union汇率目标区制exchange rate target zone外汇管制foreign exchange control第四章汇率理论国际借贷说theory of international indebtedness 流动借贷floating indebtedness固定借贷consolidated indebtedness国际收支论theory of balance of payment购买力平价说theory of purchasing power parity 绝对购买力平价absolute purchasing power parity 相对购买力平价relative purchasing power parity 利率平价说theory of interest parity弹性价格货币模型flexible-price monetary model 汇率超调模型sticky-price monetary model资产组合平衡模型portfolio balance model第五章国际储备国际储备international reserve国际清偿力international liquidity储备货币reserve currency储备头寸reserve position in IMF普通提款权general drawing rights离岸金融市场offshore financial market短期信贷市场short-term credit market短期证券市场short-term security market欧洲证券Eurobond利息平衡税interest equalization tax固定利率借款fixed-interest loan亚洲美元市场asian-dollar market石油美元oil-dollar国际银行信贷international banking credit LIBOR London Interbank offered rate优惠利率prime rate贷款利率offered rate存款利率bid rate承担费commitment fee政府信贷government credit出口信贷export credit融资租赁financial leasing货币市场共同基金MMMF可转让支付命令帐户NOWs货币市场存单MMCS超级可转让支付命令帐户super-NOWs货币市场存款账户MMDAS垃圾债券junk bond票据发行便利NIFs，note issuance facilities互换swaps远期利率协议FRAs，forward rate agreement非中介化disintermediation周期性承包便利RUFs，revolving underwriting facilities表外业务off-balance-sheet business衍生金融工具derivative securities交割价格delivery price股票指数期货stock index futures资本流出capital outflows交易成本transaction cost市场失灵market failure价格歧视price discrimination所有权有势ownership advantage内部化优势internalization advantage区位优势location advantageOIL , ownership-internalization-location偿债率debt service ratio特别提款权special drawing rights平价网体系grid parity system货币蓝体系basket parity system欧洲货币基金EMF，European monetary fund第九章国际金融机构国际清算银行BIS，bank for international settlement(IMF)普通贷款normal credit tranches出口波动补偿贷款compensation financial facility中期贷款extended facility缓冲库存贷款buffer stock financial facility石油贷款oil facility补充贷款supplementary financial facility信托基金贷款trust fund扩大贷款enlarged access facility结构调整贷款structural adjustment facility体制转型贷款systematic transformation facility 第十章金融全球化financial globalization金融一体化financial integration资本核心充足率capital adequacy ratio。

一，名词解释第一章International Settlement（国际结算）：International Settlement is defined as financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another, in order to settle accounts, debts, claims and etc.Negotiable instruments（可转让票据）：A negotiable instrument is an instrument the titles on which can be transferred easily from one party to another, which is a kind of financial documents.Drawer（出票人）drawee（付款人）payee（收款人）endorse（背书）letter of credit（信用证）Standby letter of credit（备用信用证）guarantee（保函）international factoring（国际保理）international forfaiting（国际无追索权买断）Marine Bill Of Lading（海运提货单）Airway Bill（空运提单）Insurance Policy（保险单）Customs Invoice（海关发票）International Cargo Trade Settlement（国际货物贸易结算）：The financial activity arising from international cargo merchandise trade is called international cargo trade settlement.International Service Trade Settlement（国际服务贸易结算）：International service trade settlement refers to the settlement related to the cross-border services providing.General Agreement on Trade in Service（服务贸易总协定）：a treaty of the World Trade Organization, covers four modes of supply for the delivery of services in cross-border trade.Cross-border supply（跨境交付）：refer to the services delivered within the territory of the member, from the territory of another member. It is the services but not the people or material that crosses the border.Consumption abroad（境外消费）：Consumption abroad is the services delivered outside the territory of the member, in the territory of another member, to a service consumer of themember.Commercial presence（商业存在）：Commercial presence is the services delivered within the territory of the member, through the commercial presence of the supplier.Presence of natural person（自然人流动）：Presence of natural person is services delivered within the territory of the member, with supplier presenting as a natural person.International Non-trade Settlement（国际非贸易结算）：International Non-Trade Settlement refers to financial activities that are generated in the course of other cross-border economic (excluding international trade), political and cultural contacts.Cash on Delivery（货到付款）Document against payment（付款交单）clearing systems（清算系统）Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System(CHIPS) 紐約清算所銀行同業支付系統Clearing House Automated Payment System(CHAPS) 自動支付清算系統negotiating bank（议付银行）accepting bank（承兑银行）reimbursement bank（偿付银行）confirming bank（保兑银行）International Trade Customs and Practices（国际贸易惯例）：International customs and practices are the habitual patterns rules and regulations recognized by international community. They are formed in long-term international communication and practice.UK Bill of Exchange Act of 1882（汇票法）US Uniform Commercial Code of 1952（统一商法典）Correspondent Bank（关系银行）：When a local bank and a foreign bank provide agency services for each other under an agreement, the two banks become correspondent banks in international settlement mutually.Depository Bank（保管银行）Non- depository Bank（非保管银行）第二章Bill of Exchange（汇票）：Bill of Exchange is “an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.”Promissory Note（本票）：A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made byone person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Cheque（支票）：it is “an bill of exchange drawn on a banker payable on demand” It is an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Non-causative Nature（无因性）：means when the creditor exercises his right (ask the payer for payment), he needn’t indicates the payer the reason.General acceptance（一般承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, accepting the drawer’s order without restrictive statementQualified acceptance（条件承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, using specific wording to change the effect after acceptance.Dishonor（拒付）：Act of dishonor is a failure or refusal of acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange when presented.Right of Recourse（追索权）：Recourse refers to act of the holder to demand for paymentfrom the drawer and endorser in case that the draft has been dishonored.Crossed cheque（划线支票）is the cheque with the two parallels on the face, it can be used only for account transferOpen cheque（普通支票）：is the cheque without the two parallels on the face, it can be used for cash withdrawal and account transferCertified cheque（保付支票）：is one that is certified by the drawee bank. Once a cheque is certified by the drawee bank, all other obligors on the cheque would be discharged from the liability of payment.Uncertified cheque（未证明支票）：is the counter example of certified cheque.cheque payable to bearer（无记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is the bearer. It can be transferred against delivery.cheque payable to order（记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is a nominated person.第三章：Remittance（汇付）：refers to funds transfer from one party to another among different countries.Remitting Bank（汇出行）：Remitting Bank is the bank that transfers funds at the request of remitter to its correspondent or branch in another country and instructs the latter to pay a certain amount of money to the beneficiaryBeneficiary（收款人）Paying Bank（付款行）：Paying bank is the bank that is entrusted in the payment instruction by the remitting bank to pay a certain amount of money to the payee or the beneficiary.Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)：电汇：Telegraphic transfer means the remitting bank sends its payment order to the paying bank by cable/telex/SWIFT. It is the most efficient and safest way to transfer fund.Mail Transfer (M/T)：信汇：Mail transfer means that the remitting bank, on the request of the remitter, transfers the funds by mailing a payment order or mail transfer advice, authorizing the paying bank to make payment to the payee or the beneficiaryDemand Draft (D/D)：即期汇票/票汇：Demand draft is a remittance that the remitting bank , at the request of the remitter , draws a demand draft on the paying bank , ordering the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary(the payee of the draft) on presentation.Remittance Reimbursement（回款）：When the paying bank effects payment to the payee according to the remitting bank's instruction, the paying bank will be paid the same amount from the remitting bank.Cancellation of Remittance（取消汇款）：means the remittance can be canceled before its payment It can be done by either the remitter or the beneficiary.第四章collection（托收）：It means when exporter (or the creditor) has shipped the ordered goods or provided the regulated services, he will submit financial documents or commercial documents or both, which evidence the fulfillment of the contract obligation and claim thereto, to his bank, request his bank, to entrust the importer’s bank ( normally the exporter bank’s correspondent bank ) to present the document to the importer (or the debtor), and to collect money for goods or service from the importer.Financial documents（金融单据）：bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment.Commercial documents（商业单据）：invoices, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financialdocuments.Principal（委托人）：It is a party that entrusts the bank to handle collection business. He hands commercial documents or financial instruments or both to the bank, instructing the remitting bank to collect money for goods or service for him.Clean Collection（光票托收）：It is collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.Documentary Collection（跟单托收）：It refers to the process by which the principal submits financial documents accompanied by commercial documents or commercial documents only to remitting bank for collecting proceeds from the draweeDocuments against Payment (D/P)：付款交单：D/P means documents will be released only against paymentDocuments against Acceptance (D/A)：承兑交单：means that the collecting bank isallowed to release the documents to the drawee against the drawee’s acceptance of a draftDirect Collection（直接托收）：Direct collection is an arrangement which the principal obtains remitting bank’s pre-numbered direct collection instruction, which is filled by the principal himself enabling him to send the documents directly to collecting bank for collection.第五章：letter of credit（信用证）：a letter of credit is an undertaking at the request of the applicant, written by the issuing bank to the beneficiary, informing it that the bank will pay a sum certain in money, if it provides complying documents within a prescribed time of period.。

英文名词翻译第一章 国际结算导论 international settlement美国CHIPS 系统：纽约清算银行同业支付系统 英国CHAPS 系统: 清算所自动支付体系 布鲁塞尔SWIFT 系统： 环球银行金融电讯协会 (Critical Point for Delivery) 交货临界点 (Critical Point for Risk) 风险临界点 (Critical Point for Cost)费用临界点《国际贸易术语解释通则》 Incoterms2000visible trade :有(无)形贸易 (representative office) 代表处 ( agency office)代理处（overseas sister bank /branch,subbranch ）海外分/支行（correspondent bank ） 代理银行（subsidiary bank ）附属银行（子银行）（affiliated banks ） 联营银行（consortium bank ）银团银行甲行以乙国货币在乙行设立帐户:甲行是往帐（Nostro a/c),即我行在你行设帐（Our a/c with you ）乙行以甲国货币在甲行设立帐户甲行是来帐（V ostro a/c),即你行在我行设帐（Your a/c with us ）在银行实际业务中，增加使用“贷记”（To Credit ），减少使用“借记”（To Debit ）第二章 票据Instrument drawer 出票人 drawee/payer 付款人 payee 收款人 endorser 背书人 endorsee 被背书人 holder in due course 善意持票人acceptor 承兑人 guarantor 保证人 bill of exchange 汇票 mandatory elements issue 出票 endorsement 背书 presentation 提示 acceptance 承兑 payment 付款 dishonor 拒付 recourse 追索 guarantee 保证限制性抬头 restrictive order (pay E company only)(pay E company not transferable)指示性抬头 demonstrative order (pay to the order of B company)(pay to B company or order)持票来人抬头 payable to bearer (pay to bearer)(pay to A company or bearer)UCP600：《跟单信用证统一惯例》URC 522 ;《托收统一规则》URDG458：《见索即付保函统一规则》URR 525：《跟单信用证项下银行间偿付统一规则》 URCB524：《合同保函统一规则》第三章汇款顺汇remittance汇付法to remit逆汇reverse remittance出票法to draw汇款人remitter汇出行remitting bank汇入行或解付行paying bank收款人或受益人payee or beneficiary汇款头寸的偿付(1)汇出行在汇入行之间有往来帐户汇出行在支付委托书上注明：In cover, please debit our a/c with you.(2)汇入行在汇出行开立帐户汇出行在支付委托书上注明：In cover, we have credited your a/c with us.(3)汇出行与汇入行双方没有相互开立帐户，但是两银行均在C银行开立帐户：汇出行在支付委托书上注明：In cover, we have authorized C bank to debit our a/c and credit your a/c with them 第四章托收collection第五章信用证（Letter of Credit, L/C 或Documentary Credit ）信开本信用证（letter of credit ）电开本信用证（cable）信开open by airmail 电开open by cable开证申请人（Applicant）开证行（Issuing Bank）受益人（Beneficiary）通知行（Advising Bank）转递行(Transmitting Bank) 议付行(Negotiating Bank)付款行(Paying Bank)保兑行（Confirming Bank）偿付行（Reimbursing Bank）光票信用证clean credit跟单信用证documentary credit不可撤销信用证irrevocable credit可撤销信用证revocable credit保兑信用证：confirmed credit不保兑信用证：unconfirmed credit 即期付款信用证sight payment credit 延期付款信用证deferred payment credit 承兑信用证acceptance credit可转让信用证transferable credit不可转让信用证non-transferable credit 预支信用证anticipatory credit背对背信用证back to back credit对开信用证reciprocal credit电汇telegraphic transfer, T/T信汇mail transfer, M/T票汇remittance by banker’s demand draft, D/D赊账交易Open Account transaction 延期付款deferred payment售定be sold out寄售consignment委托人principal/consignor托收行remitting bank代收行collecting bank提示行presenting bankFOB 离岸价格free on board CIF 到岸价格成本+保险+运费CFR 成本+运费FCA（货交承运人）付款人drawee托收申请书collection application 光票clean collectionCPT(运费付至.....目的地)CIP（运费、保险费....指定目的地) 跟单托收：付款交单D/P承兑交单D/A赊销O/A循环信用证Revolving Credit买方远期信用证buyer’s usance credit预支信用证anticipatory credit 第六章银行保函与备用信用证银行保函：(Letter of Guarantee, L/G) 申请人（Applicant, Principal)受益人（Beneficiary)反担保人（Counter Guarantor)保兑人（Confirming Party) 备用信用证(Stand-by letter of credit) 通知行（Advising Bank）转开行ressuing bank保兑行confirming bank备用信用证stand-by letter of credit,SL/C 遵循《国际备用信用证惯例》（International Stand–by Practices , ISP98）担保信用证Guarantee L/C第七章国际贸易结算中的单据documents商业发票commercial invoice 海关发票customs invoice保险单insurance policy海运提单(Marine Bill of Lading, B/L) 承运人Carrier托运人Shipper/Consignor收货人Consignee 被通知人Notify Party电子提单(Electronic B/L)清洁提单clean B/L不清洁提单unclean or dirty B/L基本险：平安险（FPA）水渍险（WPA）一切险（All Risks）检验证明书品质检验证明书(Inspection Certificate of Quality)重量检验证明书(Inspection Certificate of Quantity)数量检验证明书(Inspection Certificate of Quantity)兽医检验证明书(V eterinary Inspection Certificate )卫生检验证明书(Inspection Certificate of Healthy )消毒检验证明书(Disinfections Inspection Certificate )产地证（Certificate of Origin）普惠制产地证(Generalized System of Preference)第八章跟单信用证下单据的审核无第九章贸易融资出口押汇negotiation under documentary credit 进口押汇inward bills 进口信用证押汇inward bill出口托收押汇advance against documentary credit银行承兑bank’s acceptance票据贴现bill discount开征授信额度limita for issuing letter of credit信托收据trust receipt ,T/R 买方远期信用证buyer’s usance L/C 提货担保delivery against bank guarantee国际保理international factoring 贸易融资trade financing福费廷forfeiting第十章国际非贸易结算侨汇overseas Chinese remittance。

面值：face value赊账：open account破产法：bankruptcy law印花税：stamp duty总资产：total assets贸易壁垒：trade barrier进口关税：import tariff资金转移：fund transfer有形贸易：tangible trade无形贸易：intangible trade国际惯例：international customs and practices 清算系统：clearing system银行竞争：banking competition国际支付：international payment缺乏经验：lack of expertise全球策略：global strategy专业服务：professional service财务报表：financial statement远期汇票：term bill跟单汇票：documentary draft流通工具：negotiable instrument授权签字：authorized signature金融机构：financial institution运输单据：shipping document托收指示：collection instruction拒绝证书：protest商业用途：commercial utility契约安排：contractual arrangement付款义务：obligation of payment独立责任：independent responsibility合同义务：contractual obligation信用评估：credit evaluation经济衰退：economic recession法律文件：legal document指定银行：nominated bank信誉调查：credit investigation提货担保：shipping guarantee转移风险：transfer risk信用额度：credit line汇款人账户：remitter's account可兑换货币：convertible currency大小写金额：amount in words and figuresSWIFT密押：SWIFT authentication key第二还款来源：the second source of repayment多式联运提单：multimodal transport document全球金融市场：global financial market需要时的代理：agent in case of need全球经济一体化：economic globalization带有不符点的单据：discrepant document有条件的付款承诺：conditional undertaking of payment无条件的支付承诺：unconditional promise of payment全球金融同业通讯协会：SWIFT无条件的书面支付命令：unconditional order of payment in writing海外分支机构和代理行：overseas branches and correspondent banks 1.国际结算涉及有形贸易和无形贸易，外国投资，从其他国家借贷资金等等。

1.（按施工）进度（分批）付款progress payment2.办理出口手续to carry out export formalities3.保兑信用证confirmed credit：；4.保费insurance premium5.保函letter of guarantee（L/G）6.备用信用证stand by L/C；7.背书endorsement8.背书endorsement：；9.背书人endorser：；10.被背书人endorsee：；11.本票promissory note12.财务状况financial standing13.财务状况financial status14.参加遭拒绝承兑汇票的承兑acceptance of honor supra protest：；15.参加遭拒绝付款汇票的付款payment for honor supra protest：；16.偿付方式reimbursement method17.偿付行reimbursing bank：；18.承兑acceptance:；19.承兑交单documents against acceptance20.承兑交单D/A：；21.持票人bearer22.持票人holder：；23.出口货物报关单form of customs declaration for export cargos24.出口清关to clear the goods for export25.出口托收outward collection26.出口押汇bill purchased：；27.出口押汇export bills28.出票人drawer：；29.初始存款initial deposit30.从属保函accessory guarantee：；31.大宗采购折扣bulk purchase discount32.代理行agent bank33.代理行correspondent bank：；34.代收行collecting bank35.代收行collecting bank：；36.贷方余额，信贷余额credit balance37.冻结资金的流动blocking the transfer of funds38.对价持票人holder for value：；39.对开信用证reciprocal credit：；40.多式联运multi-modal transport operation（M.T.O）41.费率表terms and conditions：；42.福费廷融资便利forfait facility43.付款交单documents against payment44.付款交单D/P:；45.付款交货/付款凭证payment on delivery / proof of delivery（P.O.D）46.付款人drawee：；47.附件enclosure48.跟单托收documentary collection49.跟单信用证documentary credit（D/C）50.共同海损general average（GA）51.光票托收clean collection52.国际汇款单international money order53.国际货物托运委托书shipper’s letter of instruction54.国际贸易的主要参与者the major participants in international trade55.国际贸易合同是在与国内贸易合同完全不同的环境下进行的international contract isconcluded in a completely different context than domestic ones56.红色条款信用证red clause credit：；57.汇出汇款outward remittance58.汇付Remittance:；59.汇款通知单remittance advise60.汇票draft（bill of exchange）：；61.汇票的不可流通副本non-negotiable copy of draft62.或有负债contingent liability63.货币波动的可能性the potential for currency fluctuation64.货物已越过船舷the goods have passed over the ship rail65.即期外汇汇率spot exchange rate66.记名提单straight bill of lading67.加押密码test key68.见票后after sight69.见票即付at sight70.金融单据financial instrument71.进口许可证import license72.进口许可证import license：73.镜子账户mirror account74.拒付protest dishonor：；75.绝对安全absolutely security76.开证issuance：；77.开证行issuing bank78.可撤销的revocable：；79.可转让提单negotiable bill of lading80.控制文件control file81.来账vostro account82.立即付现spot cash83.流动资金working capital84.流通票据negotiable instrument85.流转号，业务流程号rotation number86.履行交货责任to fulfill the obligation to deliver the goods87.履约保函performance guarantee88.履约保函performance guarantee：；89.买方信贷担保buyer credit guarantee90.卖方信贷supplier credit91.贸易壁垒trade barrier92.赔偿保证书letter of indemnity93.票汇demand draft（D/D）94.签字样本booklet of authorized signature95.清算帐户clearing account96.善意持票人bona fide holder：；97.商品检验条款the commodity inspection clause98.商业信用commercial credit99.赊销open account：；100.赊帐方式，记帐交易open account101.赊账交易open account：102.收货单（大副收据）mate’s receipt（M/R）103.收款人payee：；104.首批付款，定金down payment105.授权签字authorized signature106.套期保值操作hedging operations107.提示单据presentation of the document108.提示行presenting bank109.提示行presenting bank：；110.托收行remitting bank111.托收行remitting bank：；112.托收汇票bill for collection（B/C）113.托收委托书collection order114.外汇管制exchange restrictions115.往来帐户current account116.往帐nostro：；117.往账nostro account118.委托人principal119.委托人principal：；120.委托书engagement letter121.无意中造成的伤害inadvertent infraction 122.无追索权的without recourse123.物权单据title documents124.卸货港port of discharge125.信汇通知书mail advise126.信托收据trust receipt127.信托收据trust receipt：；128.信用额度credit limit129.信用审定credit approval130.信用状况credit standing131.信用状况：credit standing132.需要时的代理人in the case of need133.需要时的代理人the case of need：；134.延期付款defered payment：135.依附negotiation：；136.以……名义for the account of137.以银行信用为基础的结算settlement on bank credit 138.溢短装条款more or lees clause（M/L cls.）139.银行承对信用证banker’s acceptance L/C 140.银行信用bank credit141.应付账款accounts payable142.应收票据notes receivable143.应收账款accounts receivable144.有价证券market securities145.有限追索权limited recourse146.与……有联系on conjunction of147.预付款advance payment148.预付款advance payment：149.预支信用证anticipatory credit：；150.运费到付freight to collect151.运费预付freight prepaid152.在适当的时候in due course153.折扣discount：；154.正当持票人holder in due course：；155.支付保费to pay the insurance premium156.支票:check；157.支票帐户，活期账户checking account158.主要功能primary function159.装货单shipping order160.装货清单loading list（L/L）161.装箱单packing list162.装运单证shipping documents163.装运港port of loading164.装运通知单shipping note165.追索权right of recourse：；166.资本货物capital goods167.资信credit standing168.自动支付系统automated payment system169.租赁保函leasing guarantee：；170.最后装运期latest shipment date171.作为偿付in cover。

一，名词解释第一章International Settlement（国际结算）：International Settlement is defined as financial activities conducted among different countries in which payments are effected or funds are transferred from one country to another, in order to settle accounts, debts, claims and etc.Negotiable instruments（可转让票据）：A negotiable instrument is an instrument the titles on which can be transferred easily from one party to another, which is a kind of financial documents.Drawer（出票人）drawee（付款人）payee（收款人）endorse（背书）letter of credit（信用证）Standby letter of credit（备用信用证）guarantee（保函）international factoring（国际保理）international forfaiting（国际无追索权买断）Marine Bill Of Lading（海运提货单）Airway Bill（空运提单）Insurance Policy（保险单）Customs Invoice（海关发票）International Cargo Trade Settlement（国际货物贸易结算）：The financial activity arising from international cargo merchandise trade is called international cargo trade settlement.International Service Trade Settlement（国际服务贸易结算）：International service trade settlement refers to the settlement related to the cross-border services providing.General Agreement on Trade in Service（服务贸易总协定）：a treaty of the World Trade Organization, covers four modes of supply for the delivery of services in cross-border trade.Cross-border supply（跨境交付）：refer to the services delivered within the territory of the member, from the territory of another member. It is the services but not the people or material that crosses the border. Consumption abroad（境外消费）：Consumption abroad is the services delivered outside the territory of the member, in the territory of another member, to a service consumer of themember.Commercial presence（商业存在）：Commercial presence is the services delivered within the territory of the member, through the commercial presence of the supplier.Presence of natural person（自然人流动）：Presence of natural person is services deliveredwithin the territory of the member, with supplier presenting as a natural person.International Non-trade Settlement（国际非贸易结算）：International Non-Trade Settlement refers to financial activities that are generated in the course of other cross-border economic (excluding international trade), political and cultural contacts.Cash on Delivery（货到付款）Document against payment（付款交单）clearing systems（清算系统）Clearing House Inter-bank Payment System(CHIPS) 纽约清算所银行同业支付系统Clearing House Automated Payment System(CHAPS) 自动支付清算系统negotiating bank（议付银行）accepting bank（承兑银行）reimbursement bank（偿付银行）confirming bank（保兑银行）International Trade Customs and Practices（国际贸易惯例）：International customs and practices are the habitual patterns rules and regulations recognized by international community. They are formed in long-term international communication and practice.UK Bill of Exchange Act of 1882（汇票法）US Uniform Commercial Code of 1952（统一商法典）Correspondent Bank（关系银行）：When a local bank and a foreign bank provide agency services for each other under an agreement, the two banks become correspondent banks in international settlement mutually.Depository Bank（保管银行）Non- depository Bank（非保管银行）第二章Bill of Exchange（汇票）：Bill of Exchange is “an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to the bearer.”Promissory Note（本票）：A promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another signed by the maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time, a sum certain in money, to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Cheque（支票）：it is “an bill of exchange drawn on a banker payable on demand” It is an unconditional order in writing, signed by the person giving it, requiring the banker to whom it is addressed to pay on demand a sum certain in money to, or to the order of, a specified person or to bearer.Non-causative Nature（无因性）：means when the creditor exercises his right (ask the payer for payment), he needn’t indicates the payer the reason.General acceptance（一般承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, accepting the drawer’s order without restrictive statementQualified acceptance（条件承兑）：It means the acceptor signs on the face of the draft, using specific wording to change the effect after acceptance.Dishonor（拒付）：Act of dishonor is a failure or refusal of acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange when presented.Right of Recourse（追索权）：Recourse refers to act of the holder to demand for payment from the drawer and endorser in case that the draft has been dishonored.Crossed cheque（划线支票）is the cheque with the two parallels on the face, it can be used only for account transferOpen cheque（普通支票）：is the cheque without the two parallels on the face, it can be used for cash withdrawal and account transferCertified cheque（保付支票）：is one that is certified by the drawee bank. Once a cheque is certified by the drawee bank, all other obligors on the cheque would be discharged from the liability of payment. Uncertified cheque（未证明支票）：is the counter example of certified cheque.cheque payable to bearer（无记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is the bearer. It can be transferred against delivery.cheque payable to order（记名支票）：When the payee of a cheque is a nominated person.第三章：Remittance（汇付）：refers to funds transfer from one party to another among differentcountries.Remitting Bank（汇出行）：Remitting Bank is the bank that transfers funds at the request of remitter to its correspondent or branch in another country and instructs the latter to pay a certain amount of money to the beneficiaryBeneficiary（收款人）Paying Bank（付款行）：Paying bank is the bank that is entrusted in the payment instruction by the remitting bank to pay a certain amount of money to the payee or the beneficiary.Telegraphic Transfer(T/T)：电汇：Telegraphic transfer means the remitting bank sends its payment order to the paying bank by cable/telex/SWIFT. It is the most efficient and safest way to transfer fund. Mail Transfer (M/T)：信汇：Mail transfer means that the remitting bank, on the request of the remitter, transfers the funds by mailing a payment order or mail transfer advice, authorizing the paying bank to make payment to the payee or the beneficiaryDemand Draft (D/D)：即期汇票/票汇：Demand draft is a remittance that the remitting bank , at the request of the remitter , draws a demand draft on the paying bank , ordering the latter to pay a certain sum of money to the beneficiary(the payee of the draft) on presentation.Remittance Reimbursement（回款）：When the paying bank effects payment to the payee according to the remitting bank's instruction, the paying bank will be paid the same amount from the remitting bank. Cancellation of Remittance（取消汇款）：means the remittance can be canceled before its payment It can be done by either the remitter or the beneficiary.第四章collection（托收）：It means when exporter (or the creditor) has shipped the ordered goods or provided the regulated services, he will submit financial documents or commercial documents or both, which evidence the fulfillment of the contract obligation and claim thereto, to his bank, request his bank, toentrust the importer’s bank ( normally the exporter bank’s correspondent bank ) to present the document to the importer (or the debtor), and to collect money for goods or service from the importer. Financial documents（金融单据）：bills of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, or other similar instruments used for obtaining the payment.Commercial documents（商业单据）：invoices, transport documents, documents of title or other similar documents, or any other documents whatsoever, not being financial documents.Principal（委托人）：It is a party that entrusts the bank to handle collection business. He hands commercial documents or financial instruments or both to the bank, instructing the remitting bank to collect money for goods or service for him.Clean Collection（光票托收）：It is collection of financial documents not accompanied by commercial documents.Documentary Collection（跟单托收）：It refers to the process by which the principal submits financial documents accompanied by commercial documents or commercial documents only to remitting bank for collecting proceeds from the draweeDocuments against Payment (D/P)：付款交单：D/P means documents will be released only against paymentDocuments against Acceptance (D/A)：承兑交单：means that the collecting bank is allowed to release the documents to the drawee against the drawee’s acceptance of a draftDirect Collection（直接托收）：Direct collection is an arrangement which the principal obtains remitting bank’s pre-numbered direct collection instruction, which is filled by the principal himself enabling him to send the documents directly to collecting bank for collection.第五章：letter of credit（信用证）：a letter of credit is an undertaking at the request of the applicant, written by the issuing bank to the beneficiary, informing it that the bank will pay a sum certain in money, if it provides complying documents within a prescribed time of period.。

国际结算常用英语词汇Promissory Note 本票Check or Check 支票Remittance 汇付Mail Transfer，M/T 信汇Telegraphic Transfer，T/T 电汇Demand Draft，D/D 票汇Payment in Advance 预付货款Payment after Arrival of Goods 货到付款Collection 托收Principal 委托人Remitting Bank 托收银行Collecting Bank 代收银行Presenting Bank 提示行Documents against Payment，D/P 付款交单Documents against Payment at sight，D/P sight 即期付款交单Documents against Payment after sight，D/P after sight 远期付款交单Documents against Acceptance，D/A 承兑交单不可不知的国际贸易英语国际贸易的价格表示方法，除了具体金额外，还要包括贸易术语，交货地点及所使用的货币。

如：USD150 FOB Hongkong, STG2000 CIF Liverpool，其中USD指的是以美金作价，而STG为英镑；Hongkong香港和Liverpool利物浦为交货地点；FOB与CIF 则为两个较为常用的贸易术语。

以下是国际商会出版的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》中规定的全部贸易术语的分类。

第一组：E组（卖方在其所在地点把货物交给买方）Ex Works (named place) 工厂交货（指定地点）第二组：F组（卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人）FCA: Free Carrier (named place) 货交承运人（指定地点）FAS: Free Alongside Ship (named port of shipment)船边交货（指定装运港）FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)船上交货（指定装运港）第三组：C组（卖方必须签定运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任）CFR: Cost & Freight (named port of destination)成本加运费（指定目的港）CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)成本，保险加运费（指定目的港）CPT: Carriage Paid To (named place of destination)运费付至（指定目的地）CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To(named place of estination)运费保险费付至（指定目的地）第四组：D组（卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险）DAF: Delivered at Frontier (named place) 边境交货（指定地点）DES: Delivered ex Ship (named port of destination)船上交货（指定目的港）DEQ: Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination)码头交货（指定目的地）DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid (named place of destination)未完税交货（指定目的地）DDP: Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination)完税后交货（指定目的地）企业外贸业务用语大全一：基本短语 Time to volume 及时大量生产Time to money 及时大量交货FOUR CONTROL YSTEM 四大管制系统Engineering control system 工程管制系统Quality control system质量管理系统Manufacturing control system生产管制系统Management control system经营管制系统Classification整理(sorting, organization)-seiri Regulation整顿(arrangement, tidiness)-seiton Cleanliness清扫(sweeping, purity)-seiso Conservation清洁(cleaning, cleanliness)-seiktsu Culture教养(discipline)-shitsukeSave 节约Safety安全二：英文缩写质量人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control 终点质量管理人员IPQC in process quality control 制程中的质量管理人员OQC output quality control 最终出货质量管理人员IQC incoming quality control 进料质量管理人员TQC total quality control 全面质量管理POC passage quality control 段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output quality assurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 质量工程人员质量保证类FAI first article inspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance 首件确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability process index 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplier quality audit 合格供货商质量评估FMEA failure model effectiveness analysis 失效模式分析FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收质量水平S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的Q/R/S Quality/Reliability/Service 质量/可靠度/服务P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 批号AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 特采FPIR First Piece Inspection Report 首件检查报告PPM Percent Per Million 百万分之一制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical Process Control 统计制程管制SQC Statistical Quality Control 统计质量管理GRR Gauge Reproductiveness & Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径N Number 样品数三：其它质量术语类QIT Quality Improvement Team 质量改善小组ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 质量改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理RMA Return Material Audit 退料认可7QCTools 7 Quality Control Tools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering Change Notice 工程变更通知(供货商)ECO Engineering Change Order 工程改动要求(客户)PCN Process Change Notice 工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan 生产管制计划SIP Standard Inspection Procedure 制程检验标准程序SOP Standard Operation Procedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification 成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification 包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类ES Engineering Standard 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格部门类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PCC Product control center 生产管制中心PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 质量工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 质量保证(处)QC Quality Control 质量管理(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Laboratory 实验室IE Industrial Engineering 工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部。

国际结算专业词汇a draft payable on demand即期付款汇票a draft drawn on a bank银行付款的汇票approval of line of credit信用额度批准accumulative revolving credit可累计循环信用证Acceptance for honor参加承兑Acceptor承兑人additional risks附加险advising bank通知行all risks一切险Applicant开证申请人Beneficiary受益人Bearer order 持票来人抬头bill of exchange汇票blank endorsement空白背书branch bank银行支行certified check保付支票certificate of origin 产地证书clean on board B/L清洁已装船提单collecting bank代收行cover note暂保单credit line信用额度crossed check划线支票counter guarantee反担保函confirming bank保兑行collection bill purchased托收出口押汇correspondent banking relationship代理行关系credit investigation资信调查collection of proceeds账款得付commercial invoice商业发票Claim for payment第一次请求权Clean draft光票Deferred payment credit延期付款信用证demonstrative order指示性抬头Discounting 贴现Discrepancy不符点direct collection 直接托收dishonor by non-acceptance拒绝承兑退票dishonor by non-payment拒绝付款退票Drawn clause出票条款Drawer出票人documents against acceptance D/A承兑交单documents against payment D/P付款交单documentary bill跟单汇票drawee bank受票银行,付款行Endorser背书人Endorse被背书人Endorsement for pledge质押背书Endorsement for collection托收背书export factor,import factor 出口保理商,进口保理商expirydate到期日free negotiation credit自由付议信用证free from particular average,FPA 平安险forfeiting包买票据general acceptance一般性承兑G.S.P from A普惠制产地证Guarantor保证人holder for value付对价持票人holder in due course,bona-fide holder正当持票人/善意持票人insurance policy保险单insurancecertificate保险证明，保险凭证inspection certificate商品检验证书irrevocable credit不可撤销信用证latest date for shipment最迟装运日letter of guarantee,L/G保函letter of credit,L/C信用证line B/L 班轮提单mail transfer信汇negotiation bank议付行negotiable instrument流通票据non-causative nature无因性nostro account and vostro account往帐和来帐non-cash settlement非现金结算notice of dishonor退票通知ocean/marine bill of lading海运提单open account记账赊销方式open cover,open policy预约保单order B/L 提示提单payment in due course正当付款payment for honor 参加付款payment in advance预付货款Payer/drawee付款人Payee 收款人Payment order/p.o.支付授权书Paying bank汇入行performance guarantee履约保函period of presentation of documents支单期限promissory note本票Protest拒绝证书Principal委托人Presenting bank提示行proforma invoice,customs,consular,consular invoice形式发票,海关发票,领受发票qualified acceptance限制性,保留性承兑requisite in form要式性restricted order限制性抬头remittance by banker’s demand draft通过银行即期汇票汇款reciprocal credit对开信用证remitting bank寄单行/托收行reimbursement of remittance cover偿付汇票头寸reimbursing bank偿付行Recourse for payment 第二次请求权Referee in case of need预备付款人Reverse remittance逆汇Remitter/importer汇款人Release of goods against guarantee担保提货restricted negotiation credit限制支付信用证red-clause credit红条款信用证right of dishonor追索权special endorsement特别背书，正式背书SWIFT环球银行间金融电讯协会Sub-branch bank支行specimen of authorized signature 授权签名样本schedule of terms and conditions费率表sight bill ,demand draft 即期汇票straight B/L直交式提单standby credit 备用信用证tender guarantee,bid bond投标保函Tenor付款期限Trust receipt T/R信托收据test key密押term draft, usance bill远期汇票telegraphic transfer电汇transmitting bank专递行transferable credit可转让信用证usance credit payable at sight,buyer’s usance credit假远期信用证/买方远期信用证value date起息日with particular average,WPA/WA水渍险上一页下一页。

国际结算专业词汇AAcceptance承兑The act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see Collections Introduction.Acceptance Credit承兑信用证A documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptanceby the issuing bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits.Accommodation Bill融通汇票In the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a genuine underlying commercial transaction. Accountee信用证申请人Another name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for whose account the transaction is made.Advice of Fate（代收行向托收行发出的）托收结果通知The Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections.Advising（信用证下的）通知Act of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent, usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.Advising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check the apparent authenticity of the credit (ICC UCC 500 Art 7).Amendment（信用证下）修改Alteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary; the beneficiary has the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs.Applicant（信用证）申请人One who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer of goods.Avalise（票据）担保The act by a bank in guaranteeing payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note by endorsing the reverse with the words good per aval and signed by the bank, or by the issuance of a separate guarantee.BBack-to-Back Credit背对背信用证A credit issued against the security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding thatreimbursement will stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued - see Special DCs. It follows therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods.Beneficiary（信用证的）受益人，收款人A payee or recipient, usually of money.A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter.Bill for Collection (BC)托收票据Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee.Bill of Exchange (B/E)汇票An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future timea sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.Bill of Lading (B/L)提单A receipt for goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents.Bill Receivable (BR)应收票据Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable.Blank Endorsed空白背书When a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be blank endorsed. The bill of lading then becomes a bearer instrument and the holder can present it to the shipping company to take delivery of the goods.CCarrier承运人Person or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping companyCase of Need（托收业务下）需要时受托代理人Agent nominated by a principal, to whom the collecting bank may refer in specified circumstances concerning collections - see the sections on Collections.Chaser催寻单Reminder sent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling Import Collections.Clean光票，清洁（提单）Used to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.Used to describe a bill of lading without clauses that expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or the packing.Clean Bill Purchased光票押汇A collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections. Clean Bill Receivable (CBR)应收票据BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used for non-trade bills such as travellers cheques.Clean Collection光票托收A draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction?Clean Import Loan (CIL)无抵押进口贷款A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods.Collection Bank代收行Bank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction.Collection Order托收指示，托收委托书Form submitted, with documents, to the Remitting/Negotiating Bank by an exporter with his instructions - see Collections ?Introduction.Confirming保兑Act of a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs.Consigment（运送的）货物Shipment of goods.Consignee收货人The person/company/bank to whom the goods are delivered - usually the importer or the Collecting Bank - see Handling Import Collections.Consignor托运人Also called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air.Contingent Liability或有负债A liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC it incurs an obligation to make a future payment on condition that the terms are fully met.DDC Bills跟单信用证下的汇票Bills drawn under documentary credits.Deferred Payment Credit (DPC)延期付款信用证A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit. Demurrage滞期费，延误费A charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed.Discounting贴现Act of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amount less than the face value. Discrepancy不符点Any deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented thereunder, or any inconsistency between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs.Dishonour退票，拒付Non-payment or non-acceptance.Documentary Credit (DC)跟单信用证A conditional undertaking by a bank to make payment, often abbreviated to credit. More precisely, it is a written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a sum of money against presentation of documents complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit.Documents单据The characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained and illustrated in Deciding on Documents.Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)承兑交单Instruction for commercial documents to be released to the drawee on acceptance of the Bill of Exchange - see Collections ?Introduction.Documents Against Payment (D/P)付款交单Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction.Documents of Title物权单据Documents that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading.Draft汇票Bill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with attached shipping documents - not to be confused with a bankers draft which is sometimes used as a vehicle for reimbursement.Drawee受票人Party on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank).Drawer出票人The exporter, who draws the Bill of Exchange/draft which in itself is a claim for payment.Due Date到期日，付款日Maturity date for paymentEExpiry Date （信用证的）到期日Latest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place.FFinanced Bills（托收行）融通了的汇票Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has a financial interest.Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP)出口押汇汇票A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - seeFinancing Export Collections.Forward Exchange Contract远期外汇合同Contract between the Bank and its customer to buy/sell a fixed amount of foreign currency at a future date at a specified rate. This could be for a customer to make payment under a DC or to sell the proceeds received from an export negotiation.Freight运输的货物，运费Goods OR the cost of transporting goods.GGeneral Average共同海损Loss which is the result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and its cargo in face of a common danger (e.g. jettison of cargo to lighten a ship in distress). The loss is borne proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests in the voyage.Gross Weight毛重The weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging.IICC (International Chamber of Commerce) 322国际商会出版物第322号Uniform Rules for Collections托收统一规则ICC 323Standard Forms for Issuing Documentary Credits跟单信用证标准格式ICC 420Guide to the Prevention of International Trade Fraud.预防国际贸易欺诈指南ICC 460Incoterms 1990. Explains the 13 standard Incoterms（International Commercial Terms）国际贸易术语ICC 500Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 revision) replaced the previous ICC 400 as from 1 January 1994.跟单信用证统一惯例ICC 522Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1995 revision修改版) replaced the previous ICC 322 as from 1 January 1996.Import License进口许可证A permit issued by the importing country'S authorities in respect of goods subject to import licensingrestrictions.Incoterms （International Commercial Terms）国际贸易术语Shipping Terms装运条件- see I ntroduction to International Trade.Indemnity 赔偿担保Also known as Letter of Guarantee (L/G), it is an undertaking given in respect of discrepancies in documents presented under a credit. The beneficiary who issues the indemnity is primarily liable to repay funds received from the negotiating bank in settlement under the credit, if the negotiating bank cannot obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank as a result of documents being rejected by the applicant.Inherent Vice 内在缺陷The propensity of a commodity to self-destruction which gives rise to a high insurance risk, therefore cover is given only after payment of an additional premium (e.g. fruit rots, coal-dust spontaneouslyignites).International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) 国际商会The international body which promotes and facilitates world trade, and which codifies world trade practices in various publications - see ICC Rules under Introduction to International Trade. Irrevocable Credit不可撤消信用证Constitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any, to honour the credit provided the terms of the credit are observed. It may be advised to the beneficiary without engagement by the advising bank, and cannot be amended or cancelled unless the issuing bank, the confirming bank and the beneficiary agree.Issuing Bank（信用证的）开证行The bank that opens a documentary credit at the request of its customer, the applicant.LLetter of Credit (L/C)信用证American term for documentary credit（跟单信用证）. In the United States, the terms D/C can often be confused for documentary collection.Letter of Hypothecation （出口）押汇合同A promise to hold goods as security taken from customers who are granted loans against goodsimported on a collection basis.Loan Against Imports (LAI)进口押汇Loans granted to import customers for payment of bills.MMaster Credit 母证，原始信用证In back-to-back operations, the original export credit against which the second credit is opened Maturity （票据的）到期日Due date of payment of a usance bill or promissory note.NNegotiable/Non-Negotiable 可流通/不可流通Usually used with regard to Bills of Lading: a negotiable B/L is a valid document of title, while a non-negotiable B/L is not - the beneficiary of a DC (the exporter) may send the importer a non-negotiable B/L for information.Negotiation 议付，押汇Purchase of drafts under a documentary credit which the issuing bank has undertaken to pay.Net Weight 净重The weight of the merchandise before any packaging.Non-DC Bills 非跟单托收单据Bills not drawn under DC（跟单托收）i.e. sent on a collection basis (D/P or D/A). In common usage we distinguish between Non DC bills which are financed collections and DCs which are non-financed. Non-Financed Bills 未贴现票据Bills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has no financial interest.Noting 拒绝通知The first stage in protest of a dishonoured bill: if instructed to protest for non-payment/non- acceptance, the collecting bank must send the bill to a notary public（公证人）who will represent it to the drawee on the same day it was refused, or the next business day. If the drawee still refuses the bill the notary public notes on the bill: the amount of his charges, the date and his initials. The reason for refusal is shown on a note attached to the bill. The bill is then protested - see Protest（拒绝证书）. OOpener 开证人（申请人）See Applicant.Opening Bank 开证行See Issuing Bank.Order (To) （提单的收货人作成）按…指令（表明可以背书转让）The phrase To Order is sometimes shown on Bills of Lading against consignee: this means that the Bill of Lading must be endorsed in blank by the shipper (i.e. not to any particular named party which makes it bearer document and it becomes transferable by delivery.)PPacking Credit 打包信用证A loan given to the beneficiary by the bank to enable him to purchase raw materials. The beneficiaryis usually requested to deposit（抵押）the DC（跟单信用证）with the bank as security.Past Due 过期Bill or loan that has not been paid on the maturity date/due date.Paying BankThe bank that makes payment to the beneficiary of a payment DC after presentation to it of documents stipulated in the DC.Perils of the Seas 海难，海上风险They are accidents or casualties of the sea. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Heavy or tempestuous weather on a voyage is of sufficient violence to constitute a peril of the sea.Power of Attorney 代理证书Authority given to one party to act for another.Presentation 提示（单据）Act of requesting the importer to make payment/acceptance of an import bill. - See Handling Import Collections.Presenting Bank 提示行The bank that requests payment of a collection bill - may be the Collecting Bank or its nominated branch or local correspondent, which is better placed to contact the importer.Principal 委托人The exporter in collection transactions, being the initiator of the transaction, whose instructions are followed at all stages (may be used to refer to any customer who initiates a transaction e.g. the opener of a DC).Promissory Note 本票A signed statement containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to specified person at a specifieddate or on demand.Protest 拒绝证书（N），做成拒绝证（V）The formal representation of a dishonoured拒付了的bill of exchange: the bill is presented by a notary public to the drawee - if refused again, it is noted?- see noting. The notary public then issues a formal protest, an official certificate that the bill has been refused: the drawer can use this certificate to sue the drawee in court.RRecourse （票据等的）追索The right to claim a refund from another party which has handled a bill at an earlier stage.Red Clause Credit 红条款信用证A credit with a clause which authorises授权the advising bank to make an advance payment to thebeneficiary - see special DCs.Reimbursing Bank 偿付行The bank nominated by the DC issuing bank that will pay the value of the DC to the negotiating/paying bank.Remitting Bank 托收行The exporter's bank in collection transactions, which remits the bill to the collecting bank.The exporter's bank in DC transactions, which dispatches the documents to the issuing bank. Retirement 赎回，付清本息The act of paying or settling an outstanding bill or import loan; i.e. payment by the importer to the Bank.Revocable Credit 可撤消信用证One that may be amended or cancelled without notice to the beneficiary.Revolving Credit 循环信用证A credit automatically reinstated after each drawing or upon receipt of authorisation授权from DCissuing bank, with limits as to the duration of the facility and as to the (cumulative or non-cumulative) amount involved for each drawing - see Special DCs.SSchedule （银行之间业务通讯用的）面函The Remitting/Negotiating Bank's letter covering a bill sent to the Collecting/Issuing Bank, which lists the documents attached and gives collection and/or payment instructions.Self-Liquidating 可将货物迅速变现的，自动偿付的A transaction is said to be self-liquidating when there is a known source of funds available for itssettlement on due date.Shipment Date 装运日The date inserted on the bills of lading evidencing goods received on board is regarded for documentary credit purposes as being the date of shipment.Shipper 托运人See consignorShipping Guarantee (SG) （担保提货用的给）船方的担保Guarantees of this nature are required to enable customers to obtain goods before the arrival of the documents of title, and are issued to the shipping companies by the Bank against an undertaking to forward the bills of lading when they are received. The Bank normally take 100% cash margin against the value of the goods if the customer does not have T/R（信托收据）facility（业务）.Shipping Terms 装运条件See IncotermsSight （票据期限）即期A bill payable at sight is payable on presentation to the drawee i.e. on demand.Snags 障碍，困难Irregular（不整齐的，不规则的）bills（票据）; import and export.Standby Credit 备用信用证This may be established as security for facilities granted at another branch or bank, usually to a subsidiary of the DC applicant. - see Special DCs.Status Report 现状报告Produced by a bank's TCI（见下面）department or a credit information bureau（征信所）, giving details of the creditworthiness信誉and business background of traders and manufacturers.Substitution （背对背信用证交易中的）调换单据The act whereby the prime beneficiary substitutes his own documents i.e. invoices and drafts, in back-to-back and transferable credit operations prior to negotiation of the master credits.TTenor 远期Term or Period of credit granted by the drawer. See Usance Bill（远期票据）.Tracer 催寻函，催查函See Chaser（催寻单）.Trade and Credit Information (TCI) 商业信用信息A bank department that prepares and distributes status reports on its own customers, and maintainsrecords of traders and manufacturers with whom its customers deal.Transferable Credit 可转让信用证Permits the beneficiary to transfer all or some of the rights and obligations under the credit to a second beneficiary or beneficiaries - see Special DCs.Transferee 被转让人A party当事人(2nd beneficiary第二受益人) to whom a transferable credit is transferred in whole or inpart部分.Transferor 转让人A party (1st beneficiary) at whose request a transferable credit is transferred to a second beneficiaryin whole or in part.Uniform Customs and Practice for DCs 跟单信用证统一惯例See ICC 500Uniform Rules for Collections 跟单托收统一规则See ICC 522Usance Bill 远期汇票A Bill of Exchange which allows the drawee a term or period of credit (this period is also calledusance).The term is usually stated in days (e.g. 30 days) or months and starts either from the date of the bill(e.g. 30 days date) or from the date of bill of lading, or from sight by the drawee (e.g. 30 days sight)which in practice means from the date of acceptance.An essential feature of acceptance credits and D/A collections.WWaive （信用证业务中申请人）放弃不符点To relinquish放弃a right: used in collections with BC charges and/or interest to be collected from the drawee: these can be waived in certain circumstances as set out详细规定in ICC 522国际商会出版物第522号.。

常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照随着全球化的加速推进，国际贸易的重要性也越来越凸显。

作为一个国际贸易从业者，熟悉国际贸易中的常用词汇是非常重要的。

下面就让我们来了解一下常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照。

1. 进口——import2. 出口——export3. 关税——tariff4. 税率——tax rate5. 关税代理——tariff agency6. 保险——insurance7. 海关——customs8. 运输——transportation9. 货运代理——freight forwarder10. 货运单据——shipping documents11. 发票——invoice12. 支付方式——payment method13. 基本价格——base price14. 建议零售价格——suggested retail price15. 交货期——delivery time16. 修改时间——modification time17. 条件——term18. 报价——quotation19. 目的地——destination20. 装箱——packing21. 开立信用证——opening a letter of credit22. 信用证——letter of credit23. 总金额——total amount24. 票据——bill of exchange25. 经济衰退——recession26. 泰然处之——stoic27. 订单——order28. 保修——warranty29. 报关费——customs clearance fee30. 税费——tax fee以上就是常用国际贸易词汇的中英文对照，这些词汇对于国际贸易从业者而言是非常重要的，熟练掌握这些词汇对于开展国际贸易，进行海外采购等方面都将有益处。

另外，对于留学生而言，如果想在国外开展实习等相关领域的工作，了解这些词汇也将是极有帮助的。

国际商法专业词汇中英文对照A Note on the Incoterms（国际贸易术语通则解释）Absolute Advantage(亚当.斯密的绝对优势理论)Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of State Doctrine（国家行为主义）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Advising and Confirming Letters of Credit（信用证的通知和确认）Agent for International Settlements（国际结算代理人）Agreement of the Parties（协议选择原则）Agriculture（农业协定）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG (CISG的适用范围)Application of Home State Labor Laws Extraterritorially（内国劳工法律域外适用）Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitrage（套汇）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bank Deposits（银行储蓄）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧／冲突）Bills of Lading （提单）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyer's Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriage of Goods by Air（航空货物运输）Carriage of Goods by Sea and Marine Cargo Insurance（海上货物运输及其保险）Carrier's Duties under a Bill of Lading（在提单运输方式下承运人的责任/义务）Carrier's Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）Cartels (企业联合/卡特尔)Categories of Investment Projects （外国投资的项目类别）Charterparties （租船合同）Charterparties by Demise （光船出租合同）China's Fundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）CIF (cost, insurance and freight) (port of destination) （ＣＩＦ成本＼保险费加运费付至指定的目的港）Civil Law (民法法系)Clearance and Settlement Procedures（交换和转让程序）Collection of Documentary Bills Through Banks（银行跟单托收）Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Commodity Arrangements（初级产品/农产品安排）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系)Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparative Advantage(大卫.李嘉图的比较优势理论)Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compensation for Winding up （清算补偿）Comprehensive Agreements （综合性的协定）Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Computation of Income（收入计算）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consent to the Jurisdiction of the Host State（给予东道国管辖权的许可/同意）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价）Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights（与知识产权有关的理事会）Coverage of Tax Treaties（税收条约的覆盖范围）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Currency Crises: The Role of Monetary Policy（金融危机：货币政策的作用与地位）Currency Exchange Obligations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国在外汇交易中的义务）Currency Exchange（外汇交易）Currency Support（资金/财政援助）Custom（习惯）Customs Valuation（海关估价协定）Debt Securities （债券）Decision Making within the WTO（WTO内部决定作出机制）Deficiencies in the GATT 1947 Dispute Process （关税及贸易总协定1947争端解决程序的不足）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Definition and Special Features（定义和特征）Delayed Bills of Lading（提单迟延）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Development Banks （发展银行）Direct Effect（直接效力）Direct Exporting(直接出口)Directors' and Officer's Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement （协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments （收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人、的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Effectiveness of an Offer（邀约/发盘的效力）Employment Laws in the European Union（欧洲联盟雇佣/劳工法）Employment Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（经济合作与发展组织雇佣/劳工标准）Enforcement of Exchange Control Regulations of IMF Member States（国际货币基金组织成员国对外汇交易管理规则的履行）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the People's Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）Enforcement of Securities Regulations Internationally（国际证券规则的执行）Environmental Regulation（环境规则）Escape Clause（免责条款）Euro-currency Deposits（欧洲货币储蓄）European Communities - Regime for the Importation, Sale, and Distribution of Bananas（欧洲共同体对于香蕉的进口、销售和分销的管理）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Exemptions for New Members from IMF Member State Currency Exchange Obligations（国际货币基金组织新成员国在外汇交易中义务的免除）Export Restrictions (出口限制)Exporting(出口)Expropriation（征收）Extraterritorial Application of U. S. Securities Laws（美国证券法域外的适用问题）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance Ministry（财政部）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付)Financing Foreign Trade（对外贸易的价金支付）FOB (free on hoard) (port of shipment)（ＦＯＢ装运港船上交货）Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Forsed Endorsements（虚假背书）Fraud Exception in Letters of Credit Transaction (信用证交易的欺诈例外) Frauds on Bills of Lading（提单欺诈）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Free Zones（保税区/自由贸易区）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）GATS Schedules of Specific Commitments（服务贸易总协定减让表中的特别承诺）General Agreement on Trade in Services (服务贸易总协定)General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制)Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Governmental Sources of Capital（官方资金）Grant Back Provisions（回授的规定）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）IMF "Conditionality"(国际货币基金组织的制约性)IMF Facilities（国际货币基金组织的机制）IMF Operations（国际货币基金组织的运作）IMF Quotas（国际货币基金的份额）Immunities of States from the Jurisdiction of Municipal Courts（国家豁免于内国法院的管辖权）Import-Licensing Procedures（进口许可证程序协定）Income Categories（收入分类）Income Tax Rates（所得税税率）Income Taxes（所得税）Independence Principles and Rule of Strict Compliance （信用证独立原则和单证严格相符规则）Indirect Exporting(间接出口)Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Innocent Misrepresentation（因无知的误解）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Factoring （国际保理）International Franchising(国际特许经营权)International Labor Standards（国际劳工标准）International Licensing Agreement(国际许可证协议)International Licensing Agreements （国际许可证协定）International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释)Invitation Offer （要约邀请／要约引诱／询盘）Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Lack of Standing（身份不明）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures （中华人民共和国中外合资企业法）Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Letters of Credit (L/C)（信用证）Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Limitations on the Excuses That Drawers and Makers Can Use to Avoid Paying Off a Bill or Note 661 （票据制作人、出票人拒绝付款借口的限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maintaining Monetary Value（维护币值稳定）Major Principles of GATT 1994（关税及贸易总协定1947的主要原则）Marine Insurance Policies and Certificates （海运保险单和证书）Maritime Insurance（海运保险）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Memorandums of Understanding（谅解备忘录）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Mini-trial （模拟审判方式）Miscellaneous Taxes（混杂的，各种各样的税）Misrepresentation（误解）Mixed Sales（混合销售）Modification of Foreign In vestment Agreements（外国投资协议的修改）Money and Banking(货币与金融)Monopoly Control Authority (反垄断机构)Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Movement of Workers（劳工流动）Multilateral Investment Guaranty Programs（多边投资担保计划／安排）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Courts（国内法院的实践）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）National Foreign Investment Policies（内国的外国投资政策）National Investment Guarantee Programs（内国／国家投资担保计划／安排）National Law(国内法)National Monetary Systems（国内金融/货币体系）National Treatment （国民待遇原则）Nationality Principle（国籍原则）Negligent (innocent) Misrepresentation（因疏忽的误解）Negotiability of Bills and Negotiability of Notes（可流通的汇票和可流通的本票）Negotiation (谈判，议付)Noncompetition Clauses（限制竞争条款）Nondiscrimination（非歧视原则）Nonimputable Acts（免责行为）Nontariff Barriers to Trade(非关税贸易壁垒)Nonwrongful Dissolution （非不法原因散伙）Objections（异议）Obligations of the Parties （当事人各方的义务）Obligations of the Seller and the Buyer （买卖双方的合同义务）Offer （要约／发盘）Operation of Law （法律的原因而终止）Operational Reviews（营业审查）Opting In and Out（加入和退出）Organization of the IMF（国际货币基金组织的机构）Organizations Affiliated with the United Nations(联合国的相关组织) Overseas Private Investment Corporation（海外私人投资公司的案件）Parent Company（母公司）Passing of Property （产权的转移）Passing of Risk （风险的转移）Patents （专利权）Payable on Demand or at a Definite Time（付款要求或者在指定的付款时间）Payment of the Price（支付价款）Penalties for Noncompliance（对于不遵守法规的处罚）Perils and Losses（保险危险和损失）Persons Immune from Taxation（个人所得税的免除）Piercing the Corporate Veil（普通法上揭开公司的面纱/大陆法上公司人格否认原则）Place for Delivery（交付的地点）Post -Termination Relationship（代理终止后的有关问题）Powers during Winding up （合伙人在清算过程中的权力/权利）Practices and Usages（交易习惯和商业惯例）Preemption（先买权/优先权）Preshipment Inspection（装运前检验协定）Price-Fixing（定价）Private Insurers（私人／商业保险）Private Sources of Capital（私人资金）Products Liability Laws（产品质量法）Promissory Notes（本票）Promoter of International Monetary Cooperation（国际金融合作的促进者）Promoters（公司的发起人）Protection of Natural Resources（自然资源的保护）Protection of Subsidiaries（分支机构的保护制度）Protection of Workers' Rights by the Council of Europe（欧洲理事会关于劳工权利的保护）Protection through Tariffs（关税保护）Proving Foreign Law（外国法的查明）Provisions Governing Trade in Services in the North American Free Trade Agreement （北美自由贸易区协定中关于服务贸易的规定）Quality Controls（质量控制）Quantity and Field-of-Use Restrictions（对数量和使用领域的限制）Recognition and Enforcement of Awards （仲裁裁决的承认和执行）Recognition of Foreign Judgments（外国裁决的承认）Refusal to Exercise Jurisdiction（拒绝执行管辖权）Regional and International Development Agencies（区域性和国际性发展机构）Regional Integration（区域联合）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Labor（区域性政府间关于劳工的规定）Regional Intergovernmental Regulations on Trade in Services（关于服务贸易的区域性政府间管理规则）Regional Monetary Systems（区域性金融体系）Regulation of Foreign Workers（外籍员工的的管理规定）Regulation of Pollution（防止污染规则）Relief（救济、赔偿）Remedies Available to Both Buyers and Sellers（买卖双方都可以采取的救济措施）Remedies for Breach of Contract（违反合同的救济）Requests for Specific Performance（要求继续/特定履行）Residency Principle（居住地原则）Restrictions on Research and Development（对技术研究和发展的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of Intellectual Property Rights（知识产权保护期满后应用的限制）Restrictions That Apply after the Expiration of the Licensing Agreement （知识产权使用许可合同期满后应用的限制）Right to Compensation （主张赔偿的权利）Rights and Duties （权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of Beneficiaries（收款人/收益人的权利与义务）Rights and Responsibilities of the Account Party（付款人/信用证帐户申请人的权利与义务）Rules of Origin（原产地规则）Rules of Private International Law（国际私法规则）Safeguards（保障措施协定）Sanitary and PhytosanitaryMeasures（卫生与植物卫生措施协定）Scope and Coverage of GATT 1947 and GATT 1994 （关税及贸易总协定1947和1994文本的调整范围）Screening Foreign Investment Applications（对外国投资申请的筛选/审查）Sectoral Limitations（行业/部门限制）Securities and Exchange Commission（证券交易委员会）Securities Exchanges （证券交易所）Securities Regulations（证券规章）Seller's Obligations（卖方的义务）Seller's Remedies（卖方可以采取的救济措施）Settlement of Disputes between ILO Member States（国际劳工组织成员国之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes between Intergovernmental Organizations and Their Employees （政府间国际组织与它的雇员之间争端的解决）Settlement of Disputes in International Tribunals（在国际法庭解决争端）Settlement of Disputes in Municipal Courts（内国法院的争端解决途径）Settlement of Disputes through Diplomacy（通过外交途径解决争端）Settlement of Disputes through Municipal Courts （通过内国法院解决国际商事争端）Shareholders' Inspection and Information Rights（股东的监督和知情权）Shareholders' Lawsuits （股东的诉权）Shareholders' Meetings（股东会议/大会）Shareholders' Rights and Liabilities （股东的权利和责任）Sharp Practices （欺诈行为）Signed by the Maker or Drawer（票据制作人或者出票人签名）Source Principle（税收发生来源原则）Sources of Corporate Financing （公司资本的来源）Sources of Foreign Investment Law of China （中国外国投资法的渊源）Sources of International Business Law(国际商法的渊源)Sources of International Law（国际法的渊源）Sources of Investment （投资范围）Sovereign or State Immunity（国家主权豁免）Specialization(国际分工专门化)Standard of Care(给予外国人的待遇/关照标准)Start-Up Standards（设立标准）State Responsibility（国家责任）Statements and Conduct of the Parties（当事人的陈述和行为）Statutory Choice-of-Law Provisions （强制选择条款）Structure of the WTO（WTO的组织结构）Subordinate Business Structures（商业分支机构）Subsidies and Countervailing Measures（补贴与反补贴措施协定）Supervision of Foreign Investment（外国投资的监管）Supreme Court Decision（最高法院的裁决）Systems for Relief from Double Taxation（避免双重征税的救济体制）Takeover Regulations（接管/收购规则）Taking Delivery（接受交付）Tariff-based Import Restriction （约束进口关税）Tariffs(关税)Tax Avoidance（避税）Tax Evasion（逃税）Tax Incentives (税收激励)Tax Sparing（节税）Tax Treaties（税收条约）Taxation（税收）Taxpayers（纳税人）Technical Barriers to Trade（贸易的技术壁垒）Technology Transfer(技术转让)Termination of an Agency （代理的终止）Termination of Corporations （公司的终止）Territorial Restrictions（地区限制）Textiles and Clothing（纺织品和服装协定）The Acceptance（承诺／受盘）The Administrative Discretion of Screening Authorities（筛选/监管机构的管理权）The Anglo-American Common Law System(普通法系或者英美法系)The Applicable Procedure Law （应用的程序法）The Applicable Substantive Law（应用的实体法）The Bank for International Settlements（巴塞尔国际清算银行）The Bill of Exchange（汇票）The Board of Directors （董事会）The Bretton Woods System（布雷敦森林体系）The Business Form（商业组织形式）The Buyer's Right to Avoid the Contract（买方解除合同的权利）The Central Bank（中央银行）The Choice of Money（货币的选择）The Convention on Insider Trading（内幕交易的公约）The Drafting of the CISG(CISG的起草)the Economic Globalization （经济全球化）The Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations（乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果的最后文本）The Foreign Exchange Market（外汇交易市场）The Founding of GATT（关税及贸易总协定的成立）The Framework Agreement（协定的框架）The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade（关税及贸易总协定）The Importance of the Separate Legal Identity of Juridical Entities（跨国企业作为拥有独立法律地位的实体之重要性）The Interbank Deposit Market（银行间的储蓄市场）The International Labor Organization（国际劳工组织）The International Monetary Fund（国际货币基金组织）The International Standard(国际待遇/标准)The International Transfer of Intellectual Property（工业产权的国际转让）The Islamic Law System （伊斯兰法系）The Law Governing Bills of Exchange （调整汇票的法律制度）The Law of Agency （国际商事代理法）The Making of International Law （国际法的构成）The National Standard(国民待遇/标准)The Negotiation and Transfer of Bills and Notes（票据权利的转让和背书转让）The Obligations of Banks（银行的义务/责任）The Principal Characteristics（基本特征）The Role of Banks in Collecting and Paying Negotiable Instruments（银行在可流通票据的托收和付款中的角色）The Roman-Germanic Civil Law System(大陆法系或者罗马日耳曼法系)The Scope of International Law in Actual Practice （实践中国际法的范围）The Subordinate Structure（分支结构）The Transfer of Money（货币转移）The Turning Over of Documents（交付与货物有关的单证）The Uruguay Round（乌拉圭回合）The Value of Money（币值）The World Trade Organization (WTO) （世界贸易组织）The WTO Agreement （WTO协定）Third Party Relations of the Principal and the Agent （与委托人和代理人有关的第三人）Third-Party Claims and Personal Injuries（第三方的权利和人身伤害）Third-Party Rights (Himalaya Clause)（第三方的权利----喜玛拉亚条款）Time Charterparties （定期租船合同）Time for Delivery （交付的时间）Time Limitations（时效）Trade Barriers （贸易壁垒）Trade in Goods(货物贸易)Trade Liberalization Through Cooperation （通过合作实现贸易自由化）Trade Policy Review（贸易政策评审机制）Trade Terms（贸易术语）Trademarks（商标权）Trade-Related Investment Measures（与贸易有关的投资措施协定）Trading in Securities （证券交易）Transactions Covered in CISG（CISG适用的交易范围）Transnational Organized Labor（有组织的跨境服务的劳工）Transparency(透明度)Treaties and Conventions（条约和公约）Trial Court Decision（初等法院的裁决）Turnover Taxes（流转/交易税）Tying Clauses（搭售条款）Unconditional Promise or Order to Pay（无条件的付款承诺和要求）Unfair Competition Laws（不正当竞争法）UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC)(国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则,简称PICC)United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG)(联合国国际货物销售合同公约,简称CISG)Validity and Formation of International Sale of Contracts（国际货物销售合同的成立和效力）Visas（签证）Voyage Charterparties （航次租船合同）Waivers（让渡、放弃）Winding Up （合伙清算）World Intellectual Property Organization（世界知识产权组织）World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织争端解决机制）Wrongful Dissolution （不法原因散伙）WTO Antidumping Agreement （世界贸易组织反倾销协议）WTO Dispute Settlement Procedures（世界贸易组织的争端解决程序）。

国际结算英文专业术语词汇国际结算专业词汇AAcceptanceThe act of giving a written undertaking on the face of a usance bill of exchange to pay a stated sum on the maturity date indicated by the drawee of the bill, (usually in exchange for documents of title to goods shipped on D/A terms) - see Collections Introduction.Acceptance CreditA documentary credit which requires the beneficiary to draw a usance bill for subsequent acceptance by the issuing bank or the advising bank or any other bank as the credit stipulates - see Documentary Credits.Accommodation BillIn the context of fraud, a bill drawn without a genuine underlying commercial transaction. AccounteeAnother name for the applicant/opener of a documentary credit i.e. the importer = the person for whose account the transaction is made.Advice of FateThe Collecting Bank informs the Remitting Bank of non- payment/non-acceptance or (for D/A bills) of acceptance and the bill maturity date - see Handling Import Collections.AdvisingAct of conveying the terms and conditions of a DC to the beneficiary. The advising bank is the issuing bank agent, usually located in the beneficiary country - see Export - DC Advising.Advising also involves authentication i.e. advising bank should take reasonable care to check theAmendmentAlteration to the terms of a DC; amendments must stem from the applicant, be issued and advised to the beneficiary; the beneficiary has the right to refuse an amendment if the credit is irrevocable - see Amendments to DCs.ApplicantOne who applies to his bank to issue a documentary credit; in the majority of credits issued the applicant is an importer of goods.AvaliseThe act by a bank in guaranteeing payment of a bill of exchange or promissory note by endorsing the reverse with the words good per aval and signed by the bank, or by the issuance of a separate guarantee. BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------BBack-to-Back CreditA credit issued against the security back of another credit (master credit) on the understanding that reimbursement will stem from documents eventually presented under the first credit (master credit) issued - see Special DCs. It follows therefore that each side of a B/B transaction covers the shipment of the same goods.BeneficiaryA payee or recipient, usually of money.A party in whose favour a documentary credit is established, usually the exporter.Bill for Collection (BC)Document(s) or cheque submitted through a bank for collection of payment from the drawee.Bill of Exchange (B/E)An unconditional order in writing, addressed by one person to another, signed by the person giving it, requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person, or to bearer.Bill of Lading (B/L)A receipt for goods for shipment by sea. It is a Document of Title: see Documents.Bill Receivable (BR)Bills which are financed by the receiving branch, whether drawn under a DC or not, are treated as BRs by both the remitting branch and the receiving branches - see Bills Receivable.Blank EndorsedWhen a bill of lading is made out to order or shipper order and the shipper has signed on the back of it, it is said to be blank endorsed. The bill of lading then becomes a bearer instrument and the holder can present it to the shipping company to take delivery of the goods.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------CCarrierPerson or company undertaking for hire the conveyance of goods e.g. shipping companyCase of NeedAgent nominated by a principal, to whom the collecting bank may refer in specified circumstances concerning collections - see the sections on Collections.ChaserReminder sent by the collecting (or DC issuing) bank to the importer, repeating a request for payment - see Handling Import Collections.CleanUsed to describe a draft/cheque with no shipping documents - see Collections Introduction.Used to describe a bill of lading without clauses that expressly declare a defective condition of the goods or the packing.Clean Bill PurchasedA collection bill purchased with no shipping Purchase documents - see Financing Export Collections. Clean Bill Receivable (CBR)BR (Bill Receivable) with no shipping documents. The term is more often used for non-trade bills such as travellers cheques.Clean CollectionA draft with no documents Collection attached - see Collections ?Introduction?Clean Import Loan (CIL)A loan granted to an importer for payment of import bills, without the Bank having any claim to the goods.Collection BankBank in the drawee country that is instructed to collect payment from the drawee - see Collections Introduction.Collection OrderForm submitted, with documents, to the Remitting/Negotiating Bank by an exporter with his instructions - see Collections ?Introduction.ConfirmingAct of a bank other than the issuing bank assuming the liability for payment, acceptance or negotiation of correctly presented documents under a DC - see Confirmation of DCs.ConsigmentShipment of goods.ConsigneeThe person/company/bank to whom the goods are delivered - usually the importer or the Collecting Bank - see Handling Import Collections.ConsignorAlso called shipper, is the person/company who sends goods by ship, by land or air.Contingent LiabilityA liability that arises only under specified conditions, e.g. when a bank opens a DC it incurs an obligation to make a future payment on condition that the terms are fully met.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------DC BillsBills drawn under documentary credits.Deferred Payment Credit (DPC)A DC which allows the nomination of a bank, or the issuing bank to effect payment against stipulated documents at a maturity date as specified or determinable from the wording of the credit.DemurrageA charge made by a shipping company or a port authority for failure to load or remove goods within the time allowed.DiscountingAct of purchasing an accepted usance bill of exchange at an amount less than the face value. DiscrepancyAny deviation from the terms and conditions of a DC, or the documents presented thereunder, or any inconsistency between the documents themselves - see Negotiation under DCs.DishonourNon-payment or non-acceptance.Documentary Credit (DC)A conditional undertaking by a bank to make payment, often abbreviated to credit. More precisely, it is a written undertaking by a bank (issuing bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the request of the buyer (applicant) to pay a sum of money against presentation of documents complying with the terms of the credit within a set time limit.DocumentsThe characteristics and importance of the various documents associated with Import/Export operations are explained and illustrated in Deciding on Documents.Documents Against Acceptance (D/A)Instruction for commercial documents to be released to the drawee on acceptance of the Bill of Exchange - see Collections ?Introduction.Documents Against Payment (D/P)Instruction for documents to be released to the drawee only on payment - see Collections ?Introduction. Documents of TitleDocuments that give their owner the right to the goods, i.e. Bill of Lading.DraftBill of exchange issued by an exporter and submitted to his bank for collection, or under a DC - usually submitted with attached shipping documents - not to be confused with a bankers draft which is sometimes used as a vehicle for reimbursement.DraweeParty on whom a bill is drawn and the one to whom presentation is to be made according to the collection order - the importer (NB: for DC bills, the drawee is usually the DC issuing bank).DrawerThe exporter, who draws the Bill of Exchange/draft which in itself is a claim for payment.Due DateMaturity date for paymentBACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------EExpiry DateLatest date, usually in the country of the beneficiary, on which negotiation/payment of a DC can take place.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------FFinanced BillsBills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has a financial interest.Foreign Bill Purchased (FBP)A bill remitted to a correspondent bank in which the remitting branch is financing the exporter - see Financing Export Collections.Forward Exchange ContractContract between the Bank and its customer to buy/sell a fixed amount of foreign currency at a future date at a specified rate. This could be for a customer to make payment under a DC or to sell the proceeds received from an export negotiation.FreightGoods OR the cost of transporting goods.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------GGeneral AverageLoss which is the result of a sacrifice voluntarily made or an expense incurred; for the sole purpose of saving a ship and its cargo in face of a common danger (e.g. jettison of cargo to lighten a ship in distress). The loss is borne proportionately by ship and cargo owners according to their respective interests in the voyage.Gross WeightThe weight of the merchandise in its shipping form, i.e. including all its packaging.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------IICC 322Uniform Rules for CollectionsICC 323Standard Forms for Issuing Documentary CreditsICC 420Guide to the Prevention of International Trade Fraud.ICC 460Incoterms 1990. Explains the 13 standard Incoterms.ICC 500Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1993 revision) replaced the previous ICC 400 as from 1 January 1994.ICC 522Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (1995 revision) replaced the previous ICC 322 as from 1 January 1996.Import LicenseA permit issued by the importing country'S authorities in respect of goods subject to import licensing restrictions.IncotermsShipping Terms - see Introduction to International Trade.IndemnityAlso known as Letter of Guarantee (L/G), it is an undertaking given in respect of discrepancies in documents presented under a credit. The beneficiary who issues the indemnity is primarily liable to repay funds received from the negotiating bank in settlement under the credit, if the negotiating bank cannot obtain reimbursement from the issuing bank as a result of documents being rejected by the applicant.Inherent ViceThe propensity of a commodity to self-destruction which gives rise to a high insurance risk, therefore cover is given only after payment of an additional premium (e.g. fruit rots, coal-dust spontaneously ignites).International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)The international body which promotes and facilitates world trade, and which codifies world trade practices in various publications - see ICC Rules?under Introduction to International Trade. Irrevocable CreditConstitutes a definite undertaking of the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any, to honour the credit provided the terms of the credit are observed. It may be advised to the beneficiary without engagement by the advising bank, and cannot be amended or cancelled unless the issuing bank, the confirming bank and the beneficiary agree.Issuing BankThe bank that opens a documentary credit at the request of its customer, the applicant.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------LLetter of Credit (L/C)American term for documentary credit. In the United States, the terms D/C can often be confused for documentary collection.Letter of HypothecationA promise to hold goods as security taken from customers who are granted loans against goods imported on a collection basis.Loan Against Imports (LAI)Loans granted to import customers for payment of bills.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------MMaster CreditIn back-to-back operations, the original export credit against which the second credit is opened MaturityDue date of payment of a usance bill or promissory note.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NNegotiable/Non-NegotiableUsually used with regard to Bills of Lading: a negotiable B/L is a valid document of title, while a non-negotiable B/L is not - the beneficiary of a DC (the exporter) may send the importer a non-negotiableB/L for information.NegotiationPurchase of drafts under a documentary credit which the issuing bank has undertaken to pay.Net WeightThe weight of the merchandise before any packaging.Non-DC BillsBills not drawn under DC i.e. sent on a collection basis (D/P or D/A). In common usage we distinguish between Non DC bills which are financed collections and DCs which are non-financed.Non-Financed BillsBills sent on collection in which the remitting branch has no financial interest.NotingThe first stage in protest of a dishonoured bill: if instructed to protest for non-payment/non- acceptance, the collecting bank must send the bill to a notary public who will represent it to the drawee on the same day it was refused, or the next business day. If the drawee still refuses the bill the notary public notes on the bill: the amount of his charges, the date and his initials. The reason for refusal is shown on a note attached to the bill. The bill is then protested - see Protest.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------OOpenerSee Applicant.Opening BankThe phrase To Order is sometimes shown on Bills of Lading against consignee: this means that the Bill of Lading must be endorsed in blank by the shipper (i.e. not to any particular named party which makes it bearer document and it becomes transferable by delivery.)BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------PPacking CreditA loan given to the beneficiary by the bank to enable him to purchase raw materials. The beneficiary is usually requested to deposit the DC with the bank as security.Past DueBill or loan that has not been paid on the maturity date/due date.Paying BankThe bank that makes payment to the beneficiary of a payment DC after presentation to it of documents stipulated in the DC.Perils of the SeasThey are accidents or casualties of the sea. The ordinary actions of the winds and waves are not included. Heavy or tempestuous weather on a voyage is of sufficient violence to constitute a peril of the sea. Power of AttorneyAct of requesting the importer抯 payment/acceptance of an import bill. - See Handling Import Collections.Presenting BankThe bank that requests payment of a collection bill - may be the Collecting Bank or its nominated branch or local correspondent, which is better placed to contact the importer.PrincipalThe exporter in collection transactions, being the initiator of the transaction, whose instructions are followed at all stages (may be used to refer to any customer who initiates a transaction e.g. the opener of a DC).Promissory NoteA signed statement containing a written promise to pay a stated sum to specified person at a specified date or on demand.ProtestThe formal representation of a dishonoured bill of exchange: the bill is presented by a notary public to the drawee - if refused again, it is noted?- see noting. The notary public then issues a formal protest, an official certificate that the bill has been refused: the drawer can use this certificate to sue the drawee in court.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------RRecourseThe right to claim a refund from another party which has handled a bill at an earlier stage.Red Clause CreditA credit with a clause which authorises the advising bank to make an advance payment to the beneficiary - see special DCs.Reimbursing BankThe bank nominated by the DC issuing bank that will pay the value of the DC to the negotiating/paying bank.Remitting BankThe exporter's bank in collection transactions, which remits the bill to the collecting bank.The exporter's bank in DC transactions, which dispatches the documents to the issuing bank. RetirementThe act of paying or settling an outstanding bill or import loan; i.e. payment by the importer to the Bank. Revocable CreditOne that may be amended or cancelled without notice to the beneficiary.Revolving CreditA credit automatically reinstated after each drawing or upon receipt of authorisation from DC issuing bank, with limits as to the duration of the facility and as to the (cumulative or non-cumulative) amount involved for each drawing - see Special DCs.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------SScheduleThe Remitting/Negotiating Bank's letter covering a bill sent to the Collecting/Issuing Bank, which lists the documents attached and gives collection and/or payment instructions.Self-LiquidatingA transaction is said to be self-liquidating when there is a known source of funds available for its settlement on due date.Shipment DateThe date inserted on the bills of lading evidencing goods received on board is regarded for documentary credit purposes as being the date of shipment.ShipperSee consignorShipping Guarantee (SG)Guarantees of this nature are required to enable customers to obtain goods before the arrival of the documents of title, and are issued to the shipping companies by the Bank against an undertaking to forward the bills of lading when they are received. The Bank normally take 100% cash margin against the value of the goods if the customer does not have T/R facility.Shipping TermsSee IncotermsSightA bill payable at sight is payable on presentation to the drawee i.e. on demand.SnagsIrregular bills; import and export.Standby CreditThis may be established as security for facilities granted at another branch or bank, usually to a subsidiary of the DC applicant. - see Special DCs.Status ReportProduced by a bank's TCI department or a credit information bureau, giving details of the creditworthiness and business background of traders and manufacturers.SubstitutionThe act whereby the prime beneficiary substitutes his own documents i.e. invoices and drafts, in back-to-back and transferable credit operations prior to negotiation of the master credits.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------TTenorTerm or Period of credit granted by the drawer. See Usance Bill.TracerSee Chaser.Trade and Credit Information (TCI)A bank department that prepares and distributes status reports on its own customers, and maintains records of traders and manufacturers with whom its customers deal.Transferable CreditPermits the beneficiary to transfer all or some of the rights and obligations under the credit to a second beneficiary or beneficiaries - see Special DCs.TransfereeA party (2nd beneficiary) to whom a transferable credit is transferred in whole or in part.TransferorA party (1st beneficiary) at whose request a transferable credit is transferred to a second beneficiary in whole or in part.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------UUniform Customs and Practice for DCsSee ICC 500Uniform Rules for CollectionsSee ICC 522Usance BillA Bill of Exchange which allows the drawee a term or period of credit (this period is also called usance).精品好文档，推荐学习交流The term is usually stated in days (e.g. 30 days) or months and starts either from the date of the bill (e.g.30 days date) or from the date of bill of lading, or from sight by the drawee (e.g. 30 days sight) which in practice means from the date of acceptance.An essential feature of acceptance credits and D/A collections.BACK TO TOP--------------------------------------------------------------------------------WWaiveTo relinquish a right: used in collections with BC charges and/or interest to be collected from the drawee: these can be waived in certain circumstances as set out in ICC 522.BACK TO TOP仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢19。

国际结算英汉互译整理第一章国际结算导论有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade交货临界点critical point for delivery风险临界点critical point for risk跟单信用证统一规则UCP600托收统一规则UCR 522见索即付保函统一规则URDG 458环球银行金融电信协会SWIFT以下是国际商会出版的《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》中规定的全部贸易术语的分类。

第一组：E组（卖方在其所在地点把货物交给买方）Ex Works (named place) 工厂交货（指定地点）第二组：F组(卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人）FCA: Free Carrier （named place）货交承运人（指定地点）FAS: Free Alongside Ship （named port of shipment）船边交货（指定装运港)FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment）船上交货(指定装运港）第三组:C组（卖方必须签定运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任）CFR: Cost & Freight （named port of destination）成本加运费（指定目的港）CIF：Cost，Insurance and Freight (named port of destination）成本，保险加运费(指定目的港）CPT：Carriage Paid To (named place of destination）运费付至(指定目的地）CIP：Carriage and Insurance Paid To (named place of estination）运费保险费付至（指定目的地)第四组：D组（卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险）DAF：Delivered at Frontier (named place) 边境交货(指定地点）DES：Delivered ex Ship （named port of destination）船上交货(指定目的港)DEQ：Delivered ex Quay (named place of destination 码头交货（指定目的地）DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid （named place of destination 未完税交货（指定目的地）DDP：Delivered Duty Paid (named place of destination) 完税后交货（指定目的地）第四节国际结算中的银行机构Representative office 代表处Agency office 代理处Overseas sister bank,subbranch 海外分支行Correspondent Banks 代理行Subsidiary Banks 附属银行、子银行Affiliated Banks 联营银行Consortium Bank 银团银行Control document 控制文件Test key 密押Specimen signature 印鉴文本Terms and conditions 费率表Nostro a/c 往帐Vostro a/c 来帐To credit 贷记To debit 借记第二章国际结算中的票据票据:instrument汇票bill of exchange汇票是由出票人向另一个人签发的请求即期、定期或在可以确定的将来时间向指定人或者根据其命令向来人无条件支付一定金额的书面命令.（ a bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing，addressed by one person to another ，signed by the person giving it，equiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or the order of a specified person ,or to bearer。

国际结算International Settlement支付工具Payment Instruments单据Documents顺汇Remittance逆汇Reserve Remittance国际结算方式Method of Payment贸易金融Trade Finance供应链金融Supply Chain Finance环球银行金融电讯协会SWIFT代理行（Correspondent Bank or Correspondents）控制文件（Control Documents）授权签字印鉴样本（Specimen of Authorized Signatures Book）电讯密押（Telegraphic Test Key）账户行（Depository Bank）非账户行（Non-depository Correspondent）票据Bill 汇票Bill of Exchange出票人Drawer 付款人Drawee收款人Payee 出票Issue背书Endorsement 提示Presentation承兑Acceptance 付款Payment拒付Dishonor 追索Recourse保证Guarantee 本票Promissory Note支票Check 旅行支票Traveler’s Check 汇付（Remittance）汇出行（Remitting Bank）汇入行（Paying Bank）电汇（Telegraphic Transfer）信汇（Mail Transfer）票汇（Remittance by Bankers Demand Draft）汇付头寸拨付（Reimbursement of Remittance Cover）预付货款（Payment in Advance）货到付款（Payment after Arrival of Goods）银行付款责任（Bank Payment Obligation，BPO）。

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1. EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2. FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3. FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4. FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5. CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6. CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7. CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8. DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9. DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10. DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11. DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12. DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13. Offer:：要约14. Offer or;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15. Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16. Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17. Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18. Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19. Withdrawal:要约的撤回20. Revocability:：发价的撤销21. Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22. Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23. Mail box rule:投递生效原则24. Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则25. Late acceptance:：迟到的承诺; 逾期承诺26. Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27. Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28. Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29. Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30. Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31. Anticipatory breach先期违约32. Specific performance实际履行33. Breach of condition违反条件条款34. Breach of warranty违反担保条款35. Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36. Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37. To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38. Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39. Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40. Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41. Sales by specification, grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42. Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43. Sales by brand of trade mark44. More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45. Bulk cargo：散装货46. Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47. Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净48. US $500 Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49. Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50. Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51. Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52. Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53. Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54. Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55. Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56. Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57. After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58. Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59. Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60. Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61. Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62. Plant quarantine certification植物( 病虫害)检疫证明63. Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64. Arbitration仲裁,公断65. Bill of lading提单66. Charter-party：租船合同67. Gencon航次租船合同68. Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69. Prima facie evidence：初步证据70. Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71. Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72. Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73. Clean B/L清洁提单74. Claused B/L, or Foul B/L不清洁提单75. Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76. Open B/L, Bearer B/L不记名提单；77. Oder b/L指示提单78. Direct B/L：直达提单79. Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80. Liner B/L：班轮提单81. Charter B/L：租船提单82. Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83. Assignor：转让人；出让人84. Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85. Endorsement in blank ：空白背书；不记名背书86. Special endorsement：记名背书87. Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88. Seaworthiness 船舶适航89. Cargoworthiness 适货90. Latent defect 潜在缺陷91. From tackle to tackle 钩到钩92. Deviation 绕行93. Voyage Charter 航次租船94. Time charter 定期租船合同95. Charter by demise 光船租船96. Laytime 装卸时间97. Demurrage 滞期费98. Dispatch money 速遣费99. Lien 留置权100. Trading limits 航区限制101. Chartered period 特许期限102. Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103. Payment of hire 租金104. Off hire 停租105. Air consignment 航空托运106. Air waybill 航空货运单107. Successive carriers 连续承运人108. Actrual carrier 实际承运人109. International multimodal transport 国际多式联运110. Container 集装箱111. Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则112. Network liability principle网状责任制113. Insurable interest 保险利益114. Disclosure of material facts 重要事实披露115. Material representation116. insurance policy 保险单117. Accidents 意外事故118. Total loss 全损119. Partial loss 部分损失120. General average 共同海损121. Particular average 单独海损122. Actual total loss 实际全损123. Constructive total loss 推定全损124. Sue and labor expenses 施救费用125. Salvage charge 救助费用126. Free from particular average (FPA) 平安险127. With particular average (WPA) 水渍险128. All risks 一切险129. Subrogation 代位130. Abandonment 委付131. Export credits guarantee 出口信贷担保132. Negotiable instruments可转让票据133. Predecessor 前手134. Promissory note 本票135. Draft 汇票136. Drawer 出票人137. Drawee 付款人138. Payee 收款人139. Issue 出票140. Sight bill 即期汇票141. After sight 见票后付款142. Without recourse 无追索权143. Presentment 出示144. Acceptance of draft 承兑汇票145. Dishonour 拒付146. Protest拒绝证书147. Notary public 公证人148. Collection 托收149. Principal 委托方150. Remitting bank 托收行151. Collecting bank 代收行152. Remittance letter 汇款书153. Document against payment (D/P) 付款交单154. Document against payment sight 即期付款交单155. Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156. Documents against acceptance (D/A) 承兑交单。

国际结算关键术语第一章国际结算导论国际贸易结算：以票据为基础,单据为条件,银行为中枢,结算与融资相结合的非现金结算体系;现金结算：指在贸易中,双方直接用现金进行收付的行为;非现金结算：指在贸易中,双方使用非现金的形式如通过银行进行结算等其他方式;现汇结算：指贸易双方选择可自由兑换货币即国际货币进行结算的方式,可以是现金及票据或银行信用;记账结算：也称协定贸易结算,指国家之间所签贸易协定下的商品进出口贸易结算,只用于支付对方国债务,通过银行办理记账结算,不能自由运用;货币可兑换性：指一国货币的自由兑换程度,只要不受限制可以自由兑换其他货币则为可兑换货币,反之,则不可兑换;国际商会：ICC国际民间组织,致力于协调国际贸易纠纷,并制定国际统一规则与惯例,虽非强制性公约,但被各国普遍接受;贸易术语：Trade Terms是规定价格的构成及买卖双方各自的责任、费用、风险以及确定货物所有权转移时限的专门用语;推定交货：即货物单据化,以货物单据代表货物所有权,从而只处理货运单据而不管货物;大额资金转账系统：即大额支付系统,是国际贸易中一国资金支付清算体系的主干线,其运行将对金融市场及金融体系效率产生重大影响;小额定时结算：即满足社会经济中资金流动额度较小而业务量大的支付系统,一般由极强的支付能力如各国银行系统、私营清算机构经营;FEDWIRE:联邦资金转账系统,属于美联储,即美元清算体系一员,是一个实时的、全额的、贷记的资金转账系统,包括电子薄记式政府证劵转账系统;CHIPS:清算所同业支付系统,由纽约清算协会拥有的私营支付系统,与前者类似,是一个贷记转账、作为替代纸票据清算的电子系统;CHAPS:交换银行自动收付系统,一种以英镑为主的清算体系;TARGET:欧洲间实时全额自动清算系统,即是一个跨国大额支付系统;负责欧元国家间大额欧元交易的清算;SWIFT:环球银行金融电讯协会,影响力最大的组织,其本身不包括结算和清算,只是通信网络,各国会员银行可通过此电讯系统联机,如此业务即可自动处理;分行：本章中指商业银行在海外设立的营业机构,不具备法人资格,受总行所在地的金融法令及营业地的条例所约束,下辖支行;代表处：商业银行在海外设立的非营业机构,不能办理银行业务,而是开展公关活动,向驻地政府及国内外客户提供总行经营方针并寻求贸易机会;子银行：即附属银行,商业银行为扩大海外网络在不能直接设置分支机构时,采取收购外国银行部分或全部股份的方法,其还可以经营非银行业务;控制文件：Control Documents为使代理业务真实、保密,代理行之间的确认文件,包括密押、印鉴样本、费率表;密押：指银行之间事先约定,在发送电报时,由发点行在电文中加注密码,以证其真实性;印鉴样本：是银行有权签字人的签字样式,亦是银行将单证上的签名与所留印鉴核对而鉴别真实性的手段;洗钱：通过有组织活动来掩盖大量以贩毒、走私、贪污等非法手段获得的资金,通过“放置、伪装、整合”使其以合法身份进入流通体系的行为;第二章国际结算中的票据汇票：是出票人签发的,委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据;本票：是出票人签发的,承诺自己在见票时无条件支付确定金额给收款人或者持票人的票据;支票：银行存款户根据协议向银行签发的即期无条件支付命令;设权性：票据一经设立并交付出去,票据的权利和义务便随之而确立;无因性：票据上权利即与其原因关系相分离,成为独立的票据债权债务关系,不受之前的原因关系存在与否的影响;要式性：票据的刑事必须符合法律规定,票据上的必要记载项目必须齐全且符合规定;出票人：做成票据、在票据上签名并发出票据的人;付款人：票据上载明的承担付款责任的人;收款人：票据记载的获取票据款项的人,即票据的主债权人;承兑人：经持票人提示票据,远期汇票的付款人在汇票正面签字,明确自己到期付款的责任;背书人：收款人或持票人在票据背面签字,表示将票据权利转让给他人,其中的转让票据之人;保证人：为了出票人,背书人等特定债务人,向付款人以外的第三人担保支付全部或部分票据金额的人;被背书人：收款人或持票人在票据背面签字,表示将票据权利转让给他人,其中的受让者;票据行为：广义：统治一切能够引起票据法律关系的发生,变更,消灭的各种行为;狭义：基于当事人的意志表示而发生的相应法律效力的行为;出票：出票人在空白票据格式上按具体交易情况填全必要项目后签名,然后把它交到收款人手上;背书：是指持票人在票据背面签名,并交付给受让人的行为;承兑：远期汇票的付款人在汇票上签名,同意按出票人只是到期付款的行为;保证：非票据义务人为票据义务承担保证;提示：持票人向付款人出示票据,要求其履行票据义务的行为;付款：在即期票据或到期远期票据的持票人向付款人出示票据时,付款人支付票款的行为;拒付：当持票人提示票据要求获得付款或承兑时遭到拒绝;追索：持票人向出票人或向前手追回票款的行为和权利;第三章汇款顺汇：系统结算工具的流向与货款的流向是同一个方向,是由债务人主动将款项交给本国银行,委托该银行通过某种结算工具的使用将汇款汇付给国外债权人或收款人;逆汇：系统结算工具的流向与货款的流向是反方向;是由债权人通过出具票据委托本国银行向国外债务人收取汇票金额的结算方式;汇款人：即付款人,是委托汇出行将款项汇交收款人的当事人;汇出行：是接受汇款人委托出款项的银行;解付行：接受汇出行委托,并解付一定金额给收款人的银行;汇入行：接受汇出行委托,并解付一定金额给收款人的银行;通常是收款人所在地的银行;收款人：是接到汇入行通知后收取汇款金的当事人,通常是国际贸易买卖中的卖方;信汇：是汇出行应汇款人的申请,用航空信函指示汇入行解付一定金额给收款人的汇款方式;电汇：是汇出行应汇款人的申请,拍发加押电报或者电传给国外汇入行,指示其解付一定金额给收款人的结算方式;票汇：是汇出行应汇款人的申请,代其开立以汇入行为付款人的银行即期汇票,并交换汇款人,由汇款人自寄或者自带给国外收款人,由收款人到汇入行凭票取款的汇款方式;出票人：是做成票据、在票据上签名并发出票据的人;头寸：汇出行办理汇出业务时应及时将汇款金额拨交给解付汇款的汇入行的行为;预付订金：买方先将货款的一部分通过银行汇交卖方,,卖方收到货款后,根据买卖双方事先签订的合约,在一定时间内或立即将货物运交进口商的结算方式;赊销方式：出口商先发货,进口商后付款的结算方式;记账赊销方式：出口商先发货,进口商后付款的结算方式;第四章托收托收：托收collection是银行根据委托人的指示处理金融单据或商业单据,目的是取得承兑或付款,并在承兑或付款后交付单据的行为;包括光票托收和跟单托收两种基本形式;提示行：提示行presenting bank指跟单托收项下向债务人提示汇票和单据的银行;需要时的代理：需要时的代理customer's representative in case ofneed指在托收业务中,如发生付款人拒付,委托人可指定在付款地的代理人代为料理货物存仓、转售、运回等事宜;托收指示：即collection instruction,是指寄送托收单据的面函covering letter,它是由托收银行根据委托人的托收申请书制作的,是该笔托收业务的完整指示;光票托收：指不附带任何货运单据的票据的托收;其货运单据由卖方直接寄交卖方,汇票则委托银行托收;直接托收：是指卖方或者委托人从他的银行即托收行获得托收指示的空白格式,由他本人填写,然后连同托收单据直接寄给买方银行即代收行,请其代收款项,并将已经填妥的托收格式副本送托收行,请其将此笔托收视同本行办理一样;跟单托收：是随货运单据的托收,是出口商在装运货物后,将汇票也可以不要汇票连同货运单据交给银行,委托银行代为收款的一种结算方式;包括付款交单和承兑交单两种不同的交单形式;付款交单：简称D/P,它包含着出口方对托收行和代收行的指示;付款交单又分为即期付款交单和远期付款交单;D/P：即付款交单,英文原文为“Documents to be released to drawee onlyon payment”或称“Documents against payment”;远期付款交单：即远期D/P,英文表述为D/P…days after sight或D/P…months after sight,意为按这种交单条件,当代收行向进口方提示跟单汇票时,后者无需立即付款,而只要对远期汇票承兑,做出在汇票付款到期日保证付款的承诺;承兑交单：简称D/A;其含义是,当代收行向进口方提示跟单汇票时,只要进口方对汇票承兑确认到期付款的责任,即能拿到代表物权的货运单据;D/A：即承兑交单,英文原文为“Documents to be released to drawee on acceptance of B/E”或称“Documents against acceptance”;付款交单凭信托收据借单：简称D/P下的T/R,意思是,在付款交单这个前提下,代收行允许进口方在付款前开立一张信托收据trust receipt,T/R,凭此收据从代收行借出货运单据,凭以提货出售后再把货款偿还银行;承兑：即acceptance,是票据付款人按照出票人的旨意,承诺到期履行付款义务的行为,承兑使得承兑人取代出票人成为票据的主要债务人;逆汇：出口方开出汇票,连同货运单据即跟单汇票委托银行要求进口方付款,进口方在收到货运单据经审单无误后通过银行对出口方付款;结算工具汇票的走向与货款的流向是逆向的;第五章信用证开证行：指遵照申请人指示行事并对自己的过失负责的开出信用证的银行,该行对受益人承担第一性的付款责任;受益人：指信用证上制定享有信用证权益的人,即买卖合同中的卖方出口商;保兑行：应开证行的要求在信用证上加具保兑的银行承诺当担保行无力赔偿时,代其履行付款责任的银行,亦称第二担保行;申请人：又称开证人,一般为买卖合同中大的买方,少数情况下,也可能是另外一家商人;通知行：由开证行选定,与开证行之间是委托代理关系,仅限于将来证和之后的修改通知信用受益人,并证明其真实性及时澄清疑点;承兑行：在中,可以在中规定由自己或指定的另一家作为的付款人,受益人出具的,并到期向付款;该指定银行即为承兑行;通常,在承兑信用证中涉及承兑行,它可能是信用证中指定的银行,如未指定,即为开证行自己;议付行：是根据受益人要求和提供的单据,在核实单证相符后向受益人垫款,并向付款行或偿付行索回垫款的银行,可以是通知保兑或其他银行;偿付行：若开证行与议付行或代付行没有账户关系,特别是信用证采用第三国货币结算时,开证行制定另一家与它有账户关系的、在货币所在国的银行充当偿付行,所以一般是代开证行偿付议付行垫款的第三国银行;索偿行：即信用证结算中代开证行先行付款的银行包括议付行、付款行、保兑行,之后再找偿付行或者开证行索偿垫款的银行;寄单行：在信用证结算中,代受益人把信用证和单据寄给开证行的银行即寄单行,可能是议付、保兑、付款、偿付行;转让行：指在可转让信用证中,开证行授权指定的转让行;通常是应第一受益人的要求,将可转让信用证转让给第二益人的银行;转让行一般为信用证的通知行;第一性付款责任：指信用证结算方式下,银行取代进口商成为第一付款行,此为开证行的义务,而如有保兑行加具保兑后,则保兑行承担第一性付款责任;跟单信用证：是凭或仅凭付款的信用证;国际贸易结算中所使用的信用证绝大部分是跟单信用证;保兑：受益人认为开证行资信不好时,可要求找一家受益人熟悉的银行加以保兑,保兑行承担与开证行相同的责任;议付行：接受开证行在信用证中的邀请并且信任信用证中的,凭提交的包括有代表货权的在内的全套出口单证的,而买下单据的;议付行议付后,向开证行寄单索偿;如果开证行发现单据有不符信用证要求的情况存在,拒绝偿付,则议付行有向受益人或其它进行追索的权利;延期付款：延期付款是指大部分货款在交货后若干年内分期摊付;具体做法是：合同签定后,买方预付的一小部分货款做定金,也有合同规定按工程进度或交货进度支付一部分货款,其余大部分货款凭远期信用证支付,货物所有权一般在交货时转移;非单据条件：指信用证上对货物本身或出口运输中做了限定,但是仅仅是限定,只要到时候提交的单据和信用证上做的限定相符就可以了,不需要非得出其他的单据去证明这个限定;软条款：指开立的信用证中存在的陷阱条款;不可撤销信用证：即信用证一经开出并经受益人接收后,开证行必须履行其义务,除非经所有当事人同意,否则不能单方面修改的信用证;即期付款信用证：是开证行或付款行收到符合信用证条款的汇票和单据后,立即履行付款义务的信用证;延期付款信用证：远期付款不需要汇票的信用证,称为延期付款信用证;议付信用证：指承诺延伸至第三当事人,即议付行,其拥有议付或购买提交信用证规定的汇票/单据权利行为的信用证;信用证的转让：指可的的所有权力全部或是一部分转让给信用证获益者第一获益人所制定的第三者第二获益人;部分转让：可转让信用证中,准许分批装运时,可以被分割同时转给数个第二受益人,且每个第二受益人仍可办理分批装运;全额转让：可转让信用证中,如被禁止分批装运时,信用证只能全额转让给他人可保留差额利润;款项让渡：款项让渡是指将他在项下应得款项的全部或部分,通过具有法律效力的程序转让给他人;是信用证款项的转让而不是信用证执行权利的转让;背对背信用证：指一张信用证的受益人以这张信用证为保证,要求该证得通知行或者其他银行在该证的基础上,开立一张以本地或第三国实际供货人为受益人的新证,即对背信用证;对开信用证：一国的出口商向另一国出口商输出商品,同时又向其购进货物,这样可把一张出口信用证和一张进口信用证挂起钩来,使其相互联系,互为条件,这种即为对开信用证;预支信用证：在信用证上列入特别条款授权议付行或保兑行在交单前预先垫款付给受益人的一种信用证;它是允许出口商在装货交单前,可预支取全部或部分货款的信用证;红条款信用证：RED CLAUSE是允许出口商在装货交单前可以支取全部或部分货款的信用证;开证行在信用证上加列上述条款,通常用红字打成,故此种信用证称“红条款信用证”;循环信用证：指信用证的全部或部分金额被使用以后仍可恢复到原金额、继续被使用的信用证;备用信用证：即开证行保证申请人未能履行其应履行的义务时,受益人凭信用证规定向开证行开具汇票,并提交申请人未履行义务的声明即可得到开证行的偿付的信用证;信开信用证：指以信函形式开立的信用证;电开信用证：指银行将信用证内容以加密的电报或电传的形式开立的信用证;全电信用证：是开证行以电文形式开出的内容完整的信用证;第六章银行保函和备用信用证见索即付保函：是指担保行的偿付责任与申请人在某基础交易合约项下的责任义务无关,只要保函规定的偿付条件已经具备,担保行就必须受理受益人的索赔要求并立即予以赔付的保函,而无需追究申请人是否履约,是否有反对意见,或考虑受益人提出的索赔要求是否合理等;投标保函：投标保函是银行应投标人的要求向招标人出具的保证投标人中标后履行标书规定的责任及义务的书面保证文件;履约保函：是银行应出口方或承包商即中标方的请求向进口方或接受承包的业主即招标方出具的保证文件;预付保函：是进口方或接受承包的业主在预付定金时要求出口方或承包商提供的银行担保;违约：违约行为是指合同当事人违反合同义务的行为;违约行为是违约责任的基本构成要件,没有违约行为,也就没有违约责任;索赔：国际贸易业务的一方违反合同的规定,直接或间接地给另一方造成损害,受损方向违约方提出损害赔偿要求;反担保：是指一个具有经济偿还能力的第三方作为反担保人,向担保行保证在他履行担保责任向受益人作出赔付后,若无法从申请人那里得到相应的补偿,则由反担保人向银行作出赔偿;保兑行：保兑行是指根据担保行的要求,在保函上加具保兑,承诺当担保行无力赔偿时,代其履行付款责任的银行,亦称第二担保行;转递行：即受担保行的委托将保函通知或转递给受益人的银行,通常是受益人所在地的银行;第七章国际贸易结算中的单据商业发票：通常简称发票,它是卖方开立的凭以向买方索取货款的价目清单,是装运货物的总说明;海关发票：进口国海关制定的一种发票形式,要求卖方填制,供买方凭以报关;形式发票：又叫预开发票,是在交易达成前卖方应买方的要求,将拟报价出售的货物名称、规格、单价、价格条件、装运期及支付方式等一一列明的一种非正式发票,作为买方向本国的进出口管理机构或管汇部门申请进口许可证或批汇的依据;领事发票：也叫领事签证发票,由进口国驻出口国的领事馆签发,具有固定的格式,要求依式如实填写并交纳一定费用后由该国领事签证的发票;样品发票：出口商为了说明推销商品的品质、规格、价格,在交易前发送实样,以便客户挑选的发票;厂商发票：厂方出具的以本国货币计算价格,用来证明出口国国内市场的出厂价格的发票;证实发票：实际上即为海关发票,是进口国海关指定的一种发票格式,要求卖方填制,供买方凭以报关;运输单据：表明货物的承运人已将货物装上运输工具或已将货物发运或已接管货物待运的单据;海运提单：简称提单,只出口商作为托运人,把出口货物交给作为承运人的轮船公司,由后者运抵目的港,再由承运人把货物交给作为收货人的进口方这样一种运输过程所开出的单据;多式运输单据：是指根据多式运输合同,至少由两种不同的运输方式,将货物从一国境内接管货物的地点运至另一国境内接制定交付货物的地点,并签发单一的、包括全程的运输单据的运输方式;不可流通装让的海运单：承运人收到托运人交来货物而签发的收据;租船合约提单：在租船运输业务中,在货物装船后由船长或船东根据租船合同签发的提单;航空运单：作为承运人的航空公司接受托运人之委托以飞机装载货物开立的凭证;公路、铁路或内河运输单据：不是物权凭证,仅仅是货物手机和运输合约,它把货物直接运交给记名收货人,不能背书转让;清洁提单：凡属包装状况良好无瑕疵、没有加上类似“包装渗漏”、“包装破裂”等批注的提单;不清洁提单：凡是带有“包装渗漏”、“包装破裂”此类批注的提单;待运提单：也称备运提单,是指船运公司已收到托运货物在等待装运期间所签发的提单;已装船提单：是指托运人把货物交付承运人,承运人收到货物装上货船后所签发的提单;大保单：也叫保险单、正式保单,是保险人即承保人发给被保险人的保险契约;小保单：又称保险凭证,是保险人出具的一种简化的保险契约,原则上它与大保单具有同等效力;预约保单：又称预报合同,是一种长期的、总括性的货物运输保险合同;合同中规定承保货物的范围、险别、责任、费率、赔款处理等项目;暂保单：代投保人办理保险的约定,并不能证明保险公司已经与投保人签订了保险合同,不起保险单的作用,不能凭以向保险公司索赔;海上风险：也称为海难,它包括在海上发生的自然灾害和意外事故;外来风险：是指由一般或特殊外来原因引起的风险,比如偷窃、雨淋、够损、串味等,以及战争、罢工、暴动等造成的风险;全损：指海洋运输途中整批货物即保险标的物遭到全部毁损,货物已失去原有性质、形态、功能和使用价值;部分损失：货物未达到全损的程度,只受到一部分损失;基本险：保险人对承保货物所负担的最基本的保险责任,是投保人必须投保,并且是可以单独投保的险别;附加险：在投保基本险的基础上,可以任意选择附加投保;水渍险：在平安险的承保责任范围之外,增加单独海损的赔偿责任的险别,即“包括单独海损”;特殊附加险：指由特殊外来原因引起的特殊风险招成损失的特殊险别;商品检验证明：商品检验证明是由政府商检机构或公证机构或制造厂商等对商品进行检验后出具的关于商品品质、规格、重量、数量、包装、检疫等各方面或某方面鉴定的书面证明文件;原产地证：也称产地证明书或原产地证书,是证明有关出口货物原产地或制造地的证明文件,是进口国通关验收和征收、减免关税的必要证件;普惠制产地证：发展中国家向发达国家出口制成品或半制成品享受普遍优惠税率而规定要填写的证明,当进口国的海关接到此种证明后凭以给予减免关税的待遇;重量单：由商检机构出具,或由公证行、重量鉴定人出具的证明书;包装单：是反映货物包装情况或无包装的单据,是就包装事项对商业发票的补充说明;平安险：指保险在海上运输途中遭受保险范围内的风险直接造成的船舶或。