2015大学英语六级阅读模拟试题及答案

模拟题三Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 23 are based on the following passage:The Caledonian Market in London is a clearing house of the junk (旧货、废弃物) of the universe. Here, rubbish is a commodity and rubbish picking is a sport. Somebody, somewhere, wanted these things, perhaps just to look at. You learn here the incredible obscurity of human needs and desires. People grope (摸索), with fascinated curiosity, among the turned out debris (废墟) of thousands of attic rooms. Junk pours in twice a week, year in and year out. The Market is the penultimate (倒数第二的) resting place of banished vases, musical instruments that will not play, sewing machines that will not sew, paralyzed perambulator, epileptic bicycles and numerous other articles from which all morale and hope have long departed. There are stories of fortunes being picked up in the Market. Once seven hundred gold sovereigns were found in a secret drawer of a crazy old bureau. And book buyers have discovered valuable editions of Milton and Dickens and Carlyla. There is nothing one can not buy in the Market.21. The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is____.A) Why People Buy What They DoB) Reflections on A Famous Junk MarketC) The Cause for Fascinated CuriosityD) What Happens to Attic Debris22. The articles for sale in the Caledonian Market____A) are wanted to look atB) are collected 100 times a yearC) reveal obscure needs and desiresD) bring fortune to the buyers23. From the style of this passage one might assume that it was taken from____.A) a report on marketingB) a guide bookC) directions for a stage settingD) an information essayQuestions 24 to 30 are based on the following passage:A llelomimetic behavior may be defined as behavior in which two or more individual animals do the same thing, with some degree of mutual simulation and coordination. It can only involve in species with sense organs that are well enough developed so that continuous sensory contact can be maintained. It is found primarily in vertebrates(脊椎动物), in those species that are diurnal, and usually in those that spend much of their lives in the air, in open water or on open plains.In birds, allelomimetic behavior is the rule rather than the exception, though it may occasionally be limited to particular seasons of the year as it is in the redwing blackbird. Its principal function is that of providing safety from predators(掠食者), partly because the flock can rely on many pairs of eyes to watch for enemies, and partly because if one bird reacts to danger, the whole flock is warned.Among mammals, allelomimetic behavior is very rare in rodents(啮齿动物), which almost never move in flocks or herds. Even when they are artificially crowded together, they do not conform in their movements. On the other hand, such behavior is a major system among large hoofed mammals,such as sheep.In the pack hunting carnivores(食肉类飞禽), allelomimetic behavior has another function of cooperative hunting for large prey(被捕食者) animals,such as moose. Wolves also defend their dens as a group against larger predators, such as bears.Finally, allelomimetic behavior is highly developed among most primate groups, where it has the principal function of providing warning against predators,as though combined defensive behavior is also seen in troops of baboons(狒狒).24. The main topic of the passage is the ____A) value of allelomimetic behavior in vertebrate and invertebrate speciesB) definition and distribution of allelomimetic behaviorC) relationship of allelomimetic behavior to the survival of the fittestD) personality factors that determine when an individual animal will show allelomimetic behavior25. Which of the following places is the most likely setting for allelomimetic behavior?A) A lake. B) A cave.C) An underground tunnel. D) A thick forest.26. The author implies that allelomimetic behavior occurs most often among animals that ____A) prey on other animalsB) are less intelligent than their enemiesC) move in groupsD) have one sense organ that dominates perception27. Which of the following is the most clear example of allelomimetic?A) Bears hunting for carnivores.B) Cattle fleeing from a fire.C) Horses running at a racetrack.D) Dogs working with police officers.28. According to the passage the primary function of allelomimetic behavior in bird is to ____.A) defend nests against predatorsB) look at each otherC) locate preyD) warn against predators29. According to the passage, what happens to the behavior of rodents when they are artificially crowded together?A) Their allelomimetic behavior increases.B) Continuous cooperation between them is maintained.C) They become aggressive and attack each other.D) They show little allelomimetic behavior.30. Which of the following groups of human beings would probably show the greatest amount of allelomimetic behavior？A) A group of students taking a test.B) Tennis players competing in a tournament.C) A patrol of soldiers scouting for the enemy.D) Drivers waiting for a traffic light to change.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The American Heart Association and other groups have said for many years that people could reduce the chance of suffering a heart attack by eating less of the foods rich in cholesterol(胆固醇). These include such foods as meats, milk products and eggs. The Heart Association noted a number of studies which show that nations where people eat a lot of high cholesterol foods have a higher number of deaths from heart disease.However, the new report disagrees. It was made by the Food and Nutrition Board of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The new report by a team of 15 scientists said there is no evidence to link cholesterol in food directly to heart disease. It noted seven major studies involving people whose diet was changed to include only foods low in cholesterol. The studies found only a very small reduction in the number of heart attacks and there was no reduction in the number of heart attack deaths.Other studies have shown similar results. They found that a change to low cholesterol foods will have only a minor effect on the amount of cholesterol in a person's blood and only a minor effect on the number of deaths.Medical scientists hope that two huge new studies may settle the cholesterol dispute. The tests are designed to learn if low cholesterol foods or anticholesterol drugs, or both, can reduce the amount of the substance in the blood and reduce the chance of a heart attack. The two new studies will be finished in the next year or two.The new Academy of Sciences report also discussed other possible links between food and disease. The scientists, in general, they are deeply concernedabout some of the recent advice given about food. They noted that a number of private groups, government agencies and several popular books have advised that people can prevent heart disease, cancer and other sicknesses by changing the kinds of foods they eat. The new report said there is often no good scientific evidence to support such advice. In fact, the scientists said such ideas often produce only false hopes or unnecessary fears.31. According to the passage, people could reduce the chance of suffering heart attack by ____A) eating less foods with a lot of cholesterolB) eating less of low cholesterol foodsC) eating a lot of high cholesterol foodsD) eating drugs32. High cholesterol foods include ____A) eggs, meats and milk productsB) potatoes, green vegetables and tomatoesC) corn, wheat and beefD) sugar, rice and butter33. Some scientists believe that there is no evidence that cholestrol in food is directly linked to ____A) blood disease B) heart diseaseC) infectious disease D) mental disorder34. Medical scientists believe that ____A) tests have been designed to settle the cholesterol disputeB) drugs have been tested to reduce the amount of the substance in bloodC) low cholesterol foods or anti cholesterol drugs or both can reduce the chance of a heart attackD) none of the statements mentioned above is correct35. Which of the following statements in NOT true?A) One can avoid a heart disease by eating less foods with little cholesterol.B) One can avoid a heart disease by taking the doctor's advice to eat low cholesterol foods and anti cholesterol drugs or both.C) There has been good scientific evidence that cholesterol foods can produce the chance of suffering a heart disease.D) People usually believe that cholesterol foods are directly linked to heart disease.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970's was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings. Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon. What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation. A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in the 1960's, but it was in the 1970's, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation, as well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene.One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston's eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824. This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of BenjaminThompson. He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.Butler Square, in Minneapolis, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse. The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights.San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay. Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio's leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which meanders through the business district.36. What is the main idea of the passage?A) During the 1970's, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use.B) Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers. C) The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.D) Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.37. What is the space at Quincy Market now used for?A) Boston's new city hall.B) Sports and recreational facilities.C) Commercial and industrial warehouses.D) Restaurants, offices, and stores.38. According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in ____A) San Francisco B) BostonC) Minneapolis D) San Antonio39. When was the Butler Square building originally built?A) In the eighteenth century.B) In the early nineteenth century.C) In the late nineteenth century.D) In the early twentieth century.40. What is the author's opinion of the San Antonio project?A) It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.B) It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.C) The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.D) The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.Part ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B),C)and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41. The undersea world is well known as a source of natural beauty and a____ to human fantasy.A) gleam B) magnitudeC) faction D) stimulus42. Too many hotels have been built and this has____down prices, making holidays cheaper.A) forced B) slowedC) cut D) reduced43. The climber was____from the top of the cliff on a rope held by his friends.A) exhausted B) relievedC) suspended D) isolated44. We can't understand Uncle George, for he always____whatever he says.A) masters B) mumblesC) molests D) muzzles45. You haven't really answered the question, for what you said is not ____A) eligible B) pertinentC) provident D) expeditious46. Always a clear diplomat, he ____one potential eney of his country against another, so he kept them divided.A) played down B) played onC) played with D) played off47. His illness would ____his progress of study.A) cast B) concludeC) obstruct D) block48. A beautiful autumn day like this ____for the wet summer we have had.A) compensates B) revengesC) balances D) compels49. Do you have a ____of ownership for this car?A) document B) labelC) passport D) certificate50. Ronny's steps ____, and there was a moment of absolute silence.A) died down B) died awayC) died off D) died out51. After practising for several weeks, Peter decided to ___.A) contrive B) compriseC) confirm D) compete52. When the pipe broke, the water ____ out violently.A) trickled B) gushedC) stirred D) flitted53. Few people ____ this department store because it didn't sell good clothing.A) accused B) recitedC) patronized D) advertized54. The ____ between them has been made.A) contention B) concordC) conjunction D) commune55. It's hard to ____ someone so selfish.A) feel like B) feel outC) feel for D) feel towards56. The apple tree ____the field, dropping its flowers on the grass.A) leaned on B) leaned toC) leaned over D) leaned towards57. Why are you always so ____? You never smile or look cheerful.A) angry B) sorryC) unfortunate D) miserable58. You must remember to ____all your belongs out of this classroom today.A) fetch B) take awayC) bring D) take59. The ____, while worrying, does not mean a total loss, as the jewels were insured for $ 30,000.A) robber B) robberyC) rubbish D) robot60. I have often wondered who first ____ that simple but profound truth.A) urged B) utteredC) buttered D) sponsored61. We'd better wait inside until the storm ____.A) transmits B) distortsC) migrates D) subsides62. I have not found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure____ I could have done with it.A) whether B) whereC) when D) what63. His mother bought a ____ chunk of meat.A) massive B) excessiveC) extravagant D) plentiful64. He was interested only in the story and____all those passages of landscape description.A) thought badly of B) went overC) made fun of D) passed over65. If you don't return the article to the shop within a week, you will ____ the chance of getting your money back.A) take B) forfeitC) stand D) get66. The winter was close____, she had no clothes, and now she was out of work.A) severe B) far awayC) mild D) at hand67. Jim and Mike tried to move the large rock but they could not____ it.A) arouse B) provokeC) budge D) dodge68. His ____and experience make him an excellent person for this job.A) competence B) complacencyC) compensation D) compunction69. In that year the ____of infectious diseases in theUnited Kingdom was high.A) rate B) ratioC) frequency D) incidence70. I think I've grasped your main proposals, but would you mind ____them once again?A) running out B) running intoC) running through D) running forPart ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic “The 1998 Summer Flood”. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 洪水所造成的损失：受灾面积……，伤亡人数……，经济损失……元，受灾最为严重的省份是……2. ******、党中央十分关心受灾地区和人民，亲自指挥抗洪抢险，取得了最后胜利。

引导语：为了⽅便⼤家对英语阅读的学习，以下是百分⽹店铺整理的2015年6⽉⼤学英语六级卷⼀阅读真题及答案，欢迎阅读! 卷⼀： Part III Reading Comprehension (40minutes) Section A Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank follwing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making choices. Each choie in the bank is identificated by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answere Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Question 36 to 45 are based on the following passage. It’s our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity,after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting ___36___ can lead to obesity(肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how___37___being a couch potato can be. In an analysis of data from eight large ___38___published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel ___39___,the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a ___40___, and the odds of dying permaturely___41___ 13% during a seven-year follow-up .All of these___42____are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting ,viewing TV may beespecially__43___at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to ___44___them. Even so, the authors admit that they didn’t compare different sedentary activities to___45___whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes,heart disease or clearly death compared with, say, reading. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6月大学英语六级真题及答案详解Part ⅠWriting (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the seen tenses with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% ofAfrican-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lain Gainer, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action –students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "under matched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while afour-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laser like focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepare Tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such programs can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2015年12月大学英语六级考试模拟试卷及答案（1）Part I Writing:注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

PartⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY(for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 5to10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.StressThis may come as a surprise, but you need stress in your life. Leading stress management experts say that life without stress would be dull and unexciting. Stress adds flavor, challenge, and opportunity to life. However, too much stress can seriously affect your physical and mental well-being. A major challenge in today\'s stress-filled world is to make the stress in your life work for you instead of against you.In today\'s hectic, fast-paced world and with the booming economy, stress is our constant companion. It comes from mental or emotional activity and physical activity. Too much emotional stress can result in physical illness, such as high blood pressure, ulcers, asthma, irritable colon, headaches, or even heart disease. On the other hand, physical stress from work or exercise rarely causes such ailments. In fact, physical exercise can help you to relax and to handle your mental or emotional stress.Hans Selye, M.D., a recognized expert in the field, has defined stress as a \"nonspecific response of the body to a demand\". The key to reducing stress is learning how our bodies respond to those demands. When stress becomes prolonged or particularly frustrating, it can become harmful-causing distress or \"bad stress\". Recognizing the early signs of distress and then doing something about them can make a significant difference in the quality of your life.In order to use stress in a positive way and prevent it from becoming distress, you should be aware of your own reactions to stressful events. The body responds to stress by going through specific stages: (1) alarm, (2) resistance, and (3) exhaustion. Muscles tense, blood pressure and heart rate rise, and adrenaline and other stress-triggered hormones that increase the level of alertness are released. If the stress-causing conditions continue, your body will need time to make repairs, if that happens, you eventually may develop a physical problem that is related to stress, such as migraine headaches, high blood pressure, backaches, or insomnia. That\'s why when stress occurs it\'s important that you recognize and deal with it in a positive way. While it\'s impossible to live completely free of stress and distress, it is possible to prevent some distress as well as to minimize its impact when it can\'t be avoided. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to handle stress.When you\'re nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical activity. Running, walking, playing tennis, or working in your garden are just some of the activities you might try. Physical exercise will relieve your anxiety and worry and help you relax. Your body and your mind will work together to ease the stress in your life.Share Your StressIt helps to talk with someone about your anxieties and worries. Perhaps a friend, family member, teacher, or counselor can help you achieve a more positive perspective on what\'s troubling you. If you feel your problem is serious, you might seek professional help from a psychologist, psychiatrist or social worker. Knowing when to ask for help is a positive step in avoiding more serious problems later.Take Care of YourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and to get enough rest. If you\'re irritable and tense from lack of sleep, or if you\'re not eating properly, you\'ll be more vulnerable to stressful situations. If stress repeatedly keeps you from sleeping, you should consult your doctor.Make Time for YourselfSchedule time for both work and recreation. Don\'t forget, play can be just as important to your overall well-being as work. You need a break from your daily routine to just relax and have fun. Go window-shopping or work on a hobby. Allow yourself at least a half hour each day to do something you enjoy.Make a List of the Things You Need to DoStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that \"there\'s so much to do, and not enough time\". Trying to take care of everything at once can be overwhelming, and as a result, you may not accomplish anything. Instead, make a list of everything you have to do, then do one thing at a time, checking off each task as it is completed. Give priority to the most important tasks and do those first.Go Ahead and CryA good cry can be a healthy way to bring relief to your anxiety. It might even help yon avoid a headache or other physical consequence of anxiety and stress.Yon can\'t always run away, but you can allow yourself a mental \"get-away\". A quiet country scene painted mentally, or on canvas, can transport you from the tension of a stressful situation to a more relaxing frame of mind. You also can create a sense of peace and tranquility by reading a good book or listening to beautiful music.While yon can use prescription or over-the-counter medications to relieve stress temporarily, they do not remove the conditions that caused the stress in the first place. In fact, many medications may be habit-forming and also may reduce your efficiency, thus creating more stress than they eliminate. They should be taken only on the advice of your doctor.RelaxThe best strategy for reducing or avoiding stress altogether is to learn how to relax. Unfortunately, many people try to relax at the same pace that they lead the rest of their lives. That doesn\'t work. Instead, try tuning out your worries about time, productivity and \"doing right\". Here are several relaxation techniques you may find helpful:-You should take a deep breath and exhale to help calm your mind, counter your body\'s natural stress reaction and improve your response.-You should laugh. Many stress management experts advocate laughter as a relaxation technique for relieving tension.-You should take a warm bath or shower. Whether you prefer bubble baths or long hot showers, this is an excellent way to relax after a stressful day.-You should try progressive muscle relaxation. Individual contract and relax each muscle group of your body. Begin by tensing your toes for 10 seconds, then relax them for 20. Work all the way up your body, alternately tensing and relaxing, and finish with your facial muscles.By learning the \"art\" of relaxation, you\'ll find satisfaction in just \"being\", without trying or striving. Your focus on relaxation, enjoyment and health will reduce stress, anxiety and worry in your life. The result is, you will be calmer, healthier and happier.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上作答。

2015年6月大学英语六级(CET-6)预测真题试卷试卷一Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversation and the question will be spokenonly once. After each question there will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work. They will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)“5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) It has nothing to do with the Internet.B) She needs another week to get it ready.C) It contains some valuable ideas.D) It’s far from being ready yet.2. A) The woman is strict with her employees.B) The man always has excuses for being late.C) The woman is a kind-hearted boss.D) The man’s alarm clock didn’t work that morning.3. A) The woman should try her luck in the bank nearby.B) The bank around the corner is not open today.C) The woman should use dollars instead of pounds.D) The bank near the railway station closes late.4. A) Make an appointment with Dr. Chen.B) Call again some time later.C) Wait for about three minutes.D) Try dialing the number again.5. A) He is sure they will succeed in the next test.B) He did no better than the woman in the test.C) He believes she will pass the test this time.D) He felt upset because of her failure.6. A) The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate.B) The man thinks the woman can earn the credits.C) The woman is begging the man to let her pass the exam.D) The woman is going to graduate from summer school.7. A) Fred is planning a trip to Canada.B) Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.C) Fred persuaded Jane to change her mind.D) Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada.8. A) Hang some pictures for decoration.B) Find room for the paintings.C) Put more coats of paint on the wall.D) Paint the walls to match the furniture.9. A) He’ll give a lecture on drawing.B) He doesn’t mind if the woman goes to the lecture.C) He’d rather not go to the lecture.D) He’s going to attend the lecture.10. A) Selecting the best candidate.B) Choosing a campaign manager.C) Trying to persuade the woman to vote for him.D) Running for chairman of the student union.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passageand the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onthe Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) To study the problems of local industries.B) To find ways to treat human wastes.C) To investigate the annual catch of fish in the Biramichi River.D) To conduct a study on fishing in the Biramichi River.12. A) Lack of oxygen.B) Overgrowth of water plants.C) Low water level.D) Serious pollution upstream.13. A) They’ll be closed down.B) They’re going to dismiss some of their employees.C) They’ll be moved to other places.D) They have no money to build chemical treatment plants.14. A) Because there were fewer fish in the river.B) Because over-fishing was prohibited.C) Because the local Chamber of Commerce tried preserve fishes.D) Because the local fishing cooperative decided to reduce its catch.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) Oral instructions recorded on a tape.B) A brief letter sealed in an envelope.C) A written document of several pages.D) A short note to their lawyer.16. A) Refrain from going out with men for five years.B) Stop wearing any kind of fashionable clothes.C) Bury the dentist with his favorite car.D) Visit his grave regularly for five years.17. A) Because he was angry with his selfish relatives.B) Because he was just being humorous.C) Because he was not a wealthy man.D) Because he wanted to leave his body for medical purposes.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) They thought it quite acceptable.B) They believed it to be a luxury.C) They took it to be a trend.D) They considered it avoidable.19. A) Critical.B) Serious.C) Sceptical.D) Casual.20. A) When people consider marriage an important part of their lives.B) When the costs of getting a divorce become unaffordable.C) When the current marriage law is modified.D) When husband and wife understand each other better.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of themthere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Bill Gates, the billionaire Microsoft chairman without a single earned university degree, is by his success raising new doubts about the worth ofthe business world’s favorite academic title: the MBA (Master of Business Administration).The MBA, a 20th-century product, always has borne the mark of lowly commerce and greed (贪婪) on the tree-lined campuses ruled by purer disciplines such as philosophy and literature.But even with the recession apparently cutting into the hiring of business school graduates, about 79,000 people are expected to receive MBAs in 1993. This is nearly 16 times the number of business graduates in 1960, a testimony to the wide spread assumption that the MBA is vital for young men and women who want to run companies some day.“If you are going into the corporate world it is still a disadvantage not to have one,”said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get an MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can be taught.The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to dramatize complaints about business degree holders.The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast, they don’t understand politics and people, and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year. But by then, they’re out looking for other jobs.”The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge, is that the MBA has acquired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the assumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The growth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 1960s and by the women’s movement.Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”, said James Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulting firm.21. According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards businesson campuses dominated by purer disciplines?A) Scornful.B) Appreciative.C) Envious.D) Realistic.22. It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had beenfueled mainly by ________.A) the complaints from various employersB) the success of many non-MBAsC) the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplinesD) the poor performance of MBAs at work23. What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the HarvardBusiness Review?A) They are usually self-centered.B) They are aggressive and greedy.C) They keep complaining about their jobs.D) They are not good at dealing with people.24. From the passage we know that most MBAs ________.A) can climb the corporate ladder fairly quicklyB) quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmatesC) receive salaries that do not match their professional trainingD) cherish unrealistic expectations about their future25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.B) The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools.C) Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree.D) A debate held recently on university campuses.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan, closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的) taxpayers. There is some truth to that; the property-tax rate here is one-third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkask’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents rejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $1.5 million needed to keep schools open.But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Officials declined to borrow against next year’s state aid, they refused to trim extra curricular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller—perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact, closing early is costing Kalkaska a significant amount, including $600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers and staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal that will cost the district $275,000 more.Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a public relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closing, which attracted 14 local and national television stations and networks. The president of the National Education Association, the MEA’s parent organization, flew from Washington, D. C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of television interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district could have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were politically motivated.Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has al ready voted to put the system into receivership (破产管理) and reopen schools immediately; the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.26. We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan, are funded________.A) by both the local and state governmentsB) exclusively by the local governmentC) mainly by the state governmentD) by the National Education Association27. One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was________.A) to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staffB) to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issuesC) to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff knownto the publicD) to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for localschools28. The author seems to disapprove of ________.A) the Michigan lawmakers’ endless debatingB) the shutting of schools in KalkaskaC) the involvement of the mass mediaD) delaying the passage of the school funding legislation29. We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska areconcerned about ________.A) a raise in the property-tax rate in MichiganB) reopening the schools there immediatelyC) the attitude of the MEA’s parent organizationD) making a political issue of the closing of the schools30. According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into acrisis because of ________.A) the complexity of the problemB) the political motives on the part of the educatorsC) the weak response of the state officialsD) the strong protest on the part of the students’ parentsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military and diplomatic talent, but his legacy (遗产) includes many of today’s social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian compassion (怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to undercut the support of the socialist labor movement, Chancellor Bismarck created the world’s first workers’compensation law in 1884.By 1908, the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacked workers’ compensation insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damages in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. For example, employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employer negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace. The first state workers’compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon spreadthroughout the nation.After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers’compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages.In fact, the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most studies show, every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 per cent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much more money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.31. The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck________.A) to make industrial production saferB) to speed up the pace of industrializationC) out of religious and political considerationsD) for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement32. We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Europe________.A) was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidentsB) resulted in the development of popular social insurance programsC) required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplaceD) met growing resistance from laborers working at machines33. One of the problems the American injured workers faced in gettingcompensation in the early 19th century was that ________.A) they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of lawB) different states in the U.S. had totally different compensationprogramsC) America’s average compensation benefit was much lower than the costof livingD) they had to produce evidence that their employers were responsiblefor the accident34. After 1972 workers’ compensation insurance in the U.S. became morefavorable to workers so that ________.A) the poverty level for a family of four went up drasticallyB) there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claimsC) the number of workers suing for damages increasedD) more money was allocated to their compensation system35. The author ends the passage with the implication that ________.A) compensation benefits in America are soaring to new heightsB) the workers are not the only ones to benefit from the compensationsystemC) people from all walks of life can benefit from the compensation systemD) money floating in the compensation system is a huge drain on the U.S.economyPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy... We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate.”Americans have responded to Lebow’s call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world’s two largest economies—Japan and the United States—show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever prevalent.Overconsumption by the world’s fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow—that, misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.Of course, the opposite of over-consumption—poverty—is no solutionto either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剥夺得一无所有的) peasants slash-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?36. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II ________.A) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumersB) gave rise to the dominance of the new egoismC) led to the reform of the retailing systemD) resulted in the worship of consumerism37. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to highconsumption is ________.A) the conversion of the sale of goods into ritualsB) the people’s desire for a rise in their living standardsC) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumptionD) the concept that one’s success is measured by how much they consume38. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.B) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of materialsatisfaction.C) Because overconsumption won’t last long due to unrestrictedpopulation growth.D) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process ofmodernization.39. According to the passage, consumerist culture ________.A) cannot thrive on a fragile economyB) will not aggravate environmental problemsC) cannot satisfy human spiritual needsD) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries40. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) human spiritual needs should match material affluenceB) there is never an end to satisfying people’s material needsC) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issueD) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problemPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choosethe ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.41. I have had my eyes tested and the report says that my ________ is perfect.A) outlookB) visionC) horizonD) perspective42. He was looking admiringly at the photograph published by Collins in________ with the Imperial Museum.A) collectionB) connectionC) collaborationD) combination43. In those days, executives expected to spend most of their lives in thesame firm and, unless they were dismissed for ________, to retire at the age of 65.A) integrityB) denialC) incompetenceD) deduction44. Others viewed the finding with ________, noting that a cause-and-effectrelationship between passive smoking and cancer remains to be shown.A) optimismB) passionC) cautionD) deliberation45. The 1986 Challenger space-shuttle ________ was caused by unusually lowtemperatures immediately before the launch.A) expeditionB) controversyC) dismayD) disaster46. When supply exceeds demand for any product, prices are ________ to fall.A) timelyB) simultaneousC) subjectD) liable47. The music aroused an ________ feeling of homesickness in him.A) intentionalB) intermittentC) intenseD) intrinsic48. I bought an alarm clock with a(n) ________ dial, which can be seen clearlyin the dark.A) supersonicB) luminousC) audibleD) amplified49. The results are hardly ________; he cannot believe they are accurate.A) credibleB) contraryC) criticalD) crucial50. This new laser printer is ________ with all leading software.A) comparableB) competitiveC) compatibleD) cooperative51. The ball ________ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A) swayedB) bouncedC) hoppedD) darted52. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and ________ it ina single nod, a gesture boys used then for O.K. when they were pleased.A) shruggedB) tuggedC) jerkedD) twisted53. Many types of rock are ________ from volcanoes as solid, fragmentarymaterial.A) flungB) propelledC) ejectedD) injected54. With prices ________ so much, it is difficult for the school to plana budget.A) vibratingB) fluctuatingC) flutteringD) swinging55. The person who ________ this type of approach for doing research deservesour praise.A) originatedB) speculatedC) generatedD) manufactured56. ________ that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate,it will not be long before traditional sources become inadequate.A) ConcerningB) AscertainingD) Regarding57. Her jewelry ________ under the spotlights and she became the dominantfigure at the ball.A) glaredB) glitteredC) blazedD) dazzled58. Connie was told that if she worked too hard, her health would ________.A) deteriorateB) descendC) degradeD) decay59. We find that some birds ________ twice a year between hot and coldcountries.A) transferB) commuteC) migrateD) emigrate60. As visiting scholars, they willingly ________ to the customs of thecountry they live in.A) submitB) conformC) subjectD) commit61. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French asmother tongue and ________ to the Roman Catholic faith.A) catersB) adheresC) ascribesD) subscribes62. The professor found himself constantly ________ the question: “Howcould anyone do these things?”B) poringC) ponderingD) presuming63. Weeks ________ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bankrobbery.A) terminatedB) elapsedC) overlappedD) expired64. In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansionjoints are fitted which ________ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contra ct freely.A) relieveB) reconcileC) reclaimD) rectify65. How much of your country’s electrical supply is ________ from waterpower?A) deducedB) detachedC) derivedD) declined66. She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of thecompany’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.A) dwell onB) come uponC) base onD) draw upon67. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are________.A) intricateB) fragileC) subtleD) crisp68. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only________ the crisis.A) acceleratesB) prevailsC) ascendsD) precedes69. He blew out the candle and ________ his way to the door.A) convergedB) gropedC) strivedD) wrenched70. Often such arguments have the effect of ________ rather than clarifyingthe issues involved.A) obscuringB) prejudicingC) tacklingD) blockingPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked, A), B), C) and D) on the rightside of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits intothe passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are woman more highly motivated and __71__ than male managers?Some research __72__ the idea that woman bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater __73__, an emphasis on affiliation and attachment, and a __74__ to bring emotional factors to bear __75__ making workplace decisions. These differences are __76__ to carry advantages for companies, __77__ they expand the range of techniques that can be used to __78__ the company manage its workforce __79__.A study commissioned by the International Women’s Forum __80__ amanagement style used by some woman managers (and also by some men) that __81__ from the command and control style __82__ used by male managers.Using this “interactive leadership”approach, “women __83__ participation, share power and information, __84__ other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these __85__ reflect their belief that allowing __86__ to contribute and to feel __87__ and important is a win-win __88__—good for the employees and the organization. The study’s director __89__ that “interactive leadership may emerge __90__ the management style of choice for many organizations.”71. A) confrontedB) commandedC) confinedD) committed72. A) supportsB) arguesC) opposesD) despises73. A) combinationB) cooperativenessC) coherenceD) correlation74. A) willingnessB) loyaltyC) sensitivityD) virtue75. A) byB) inC) atD) with76. A) disclosedB) watchedC) revisedD) seen。

以下是⽆忧考整理的《2015年6⽉英语六级：仔细阅读真题和答案》，希望⼤家喜欢！Passage Two Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage. Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines.One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring. The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(⼤⾖). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s. There are two worrying features of the slowdown. One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world’s most populous(⼈⼝多的) countries, India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down or reverse. Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in corn and soyabeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soyabeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that “we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world.” The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in 2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued. Instead, it says, thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughted up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wilderness. This could happen. The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yellen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed, more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.Yellen is likely to address the issue right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says, "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility."All those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions. D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A) She possesses strong persuasive power. C) She is one of the world's greatest economists.B) She has confidence in what she is doing. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basic condition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air.D) Large-scale deforestation across the world.64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.答案解析56．【定位】NN-P0的many people和the biggest『c)[解析l细节辨认题。

According to the latest research in the' United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate. Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University, has noticed the difference in the style of boy's and girl's conversations from an early age. She says that little girls' conversation is less definite than boys' and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations, men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts！although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for woman, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy. For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.Teaching is one job where the differences between men's and women's ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in. But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by being able to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says, women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship.Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is pre?programmed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual bias(買・來) in its programming,otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all.1. In the opinion of the writer, women encourage men to talk becauseA. it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationshipB. it will help to establish status with their listenersC. it will help to express more clearlyD. it will help to communicate better2. There are_______in little girls' conversation than in boys'.A. fewer doubtsB. more demandsC. more doubtsD. fewer uncertainties3. Some scientists believe that brain is pre-programmed for language. The word "pre programmed" means_______.A. programmed alreadyB. programmed before one is bornC. programmed earlyD. programmed by women4. In private conversation, women speakA. the same things as menB. less than menC. more than menD. as much as men5. The theme of this article is _______.A. women are naturally more helpfulB. men and women talk different languagesC. men talk most and interrupt other speakers moreD. little girls' conversation is less definite歌深基宛・1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试模拟试题及答案2015年6月大学英语六级考试模拟试题(有答案)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You shouldwrite at least 150 words following the outline given below.1. 有人做好事期望得到回报；2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；3. 我的观点。

Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-4, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the informationgiven in the passage;N (for NO) if statement contradicts the informationgiven in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in thepassage.For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Seven Steps to a More Fulfilling JobMany people today find themselves in unfulfilling work situations. In fact, one in four workers is dissatisfied with their current job, according to the recent “Plans for 2004” survey. Their career path may be financially rewarding, but it doesn’tmeet their em otional, social or creative needs. They’re stuck, unhappy, and have no idea what to do about it, except move to another job.Mary Lyn Miller, veteran career consultant and founder of the Life and Career Clinic, says that when most people are unhappy about their work, their first thought is to get a different job. Instead, Miller suggests looking at the possibility of a different life. Through her book, 8 Myths of Making a Living, as well as workshops, seminars and personal coachingand consulting, she has helped thousands of dissatisfied workers reassess life and work.Like the way of Zen, which includes understanding of oneself as one really is, Miller encourages job seekers and those dissatisfied with work or life to examine their beliefs about work and re cognize that “in many cases your beliefs are what brought you to where you are today.” You may have been raised to think that women were best at nurturing and caring and, therefore, should be teachers and nurses. So that’s what you did. Or, perhaps you were brought up to believe that you should do what your father did, so you have taken over the family business, or become a dentist “just like dad.” If this sounds familiar, it’s probably time to look at the new possibilities for your future.Miller developed a 7-step process to help potential job seekers assess their current situation and beliefs, identify their real passion, and start on a journey that allows them to pursue their passion through work.Step 1: Willingness to do something different.Breaking the cycle of doing what you have always done is one of the most difficult tasks for job seekers. Many find it difficult to steer away from a career path or make a change, evenif it doesn’t feel right. Miller urges job seekers to open their minds to other possibilities beyond what they are currently doing.Step 2: Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.Look at the \gifts and talents you have and make a commitment to pursue those things that you love most. If you love the social aspects of your job, but are stuck inside an office or “chained to your desk” most of the time, vow to follow your instinct and investigate alternative careers and work that allow you more time to interact with others. Dawn worked as a manager for a large retail clothing store for several years. Though she had advanced within the company, she felt frustrated and longed to be involved with nature and the outdoors. She decided to go to school nights and weekends to pursue her true passion by earning her master’s degree in forestry. She now works in the biotech forestry division of a major paper company.Step 3: Self-definitionMiller suggests that once job seekers know who they are, they need to know how to sell themselves. “In the job market, you are a product. And just like a product, you most know the features and benefits that you have to offer a potential client, or employer.” Examine the skills and knowledge that you have identify how they can apply to your desired occupation. Your qualities will exhibit to employers why they should hire you over other candidates.Step 4: Attain a level of self-honoring.Self-honoring or self-love may seem like an odd step for job hunters, but being able to accept yourself, without judgment, helps eliminate insecurities and will make you more self-assured. By accepting who you are – all your emotions, hopes and dreams,your personality, and your unique way of being –you’ll project more confidence when networking and talking with potential employers. The power of self-honoring can help to break all the falsehoods you were programmed to believe – those that made you feel that you were not good enough, or strong enough, or intelligent enough to do what you truly desire.Step 5: Vision.Miller suggests that job seekers develop a vision that embraces the answer to “What do I really want to do?” one should create a solid statement in a dozen or so sentences that describe in detail how they see their life related to work. For instance, the secretary who longs to be an actress describes a life that allows her to express her love of Shakespeare on stage. A real estate agent, attracted to his current job because her loves fixing up old homes, describes buying properties that need a little tender loving care to make them more saleable.Step 6: Appropriate risk.Some philosophers believe that the way to enlightenment comes through facing obstacles and difficulties. Once people discover their passion, many are too scared to do anything about it. Instead, they do nothing. With this step, job seekers should assess what they are willing to give up, or risk, in pursuit of their dream. For one working mom, that meant taking night classes to learn new computer-aided design skills, while still earning a salary and keeping her day job. For someone else, it may mean quitting his or her job, taking out loan and going back to school full time. You’ll move one step closer to your ideal work life if you identify how much risk you are willing to take and the sacrifices you are willing to make.Step 7: Action.Some teachers of philosophy describe action in this way, “If one wants to get to the top of a mountain, just sitting at the foot thinking about it will not bring one there. It is by making the effort of climbing up the mountain, step by step, that eventually the summit is reached.” All too often, it is the lack of action that ultimately holds people back from attaining their ideals. Creating a plan and taking it one step at a time can lead to new and different job opportunities. Job-hunting tasks gain added meaning as you sense their importance in your quest for a more meaningful work life. The plan can include researching industries and occupations, talking to people who are in your desired area of work, taking classes, or accepting volunteer work in your targeted field.Each of these steps will lead you on a journey to a happier and more rewarding work life. After all, it is the journey, not the destination, that is most important.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part ⅠWritingHandle Criticism and Compliments ProperlyWhat we can see from the picture above is that a salesman in an office trying to promote a kind of hearing aid says: “It’s a special hearing aid. It filters out criticism and amplifies compliments.”Funny though it sounds, it reflects the improper way of handling criticism and compliments, which is not uncommon among some people.There is no doubt that criticism can sometimes do harm to people’s confidence and dignity and compliments can be encouraging. However, it is improper, even wrong to simply reject criticism and amplify compliments. On the one hand, criticism has a tremendous value for one’s growth and developments as human being, such as helping people to know their defects and adding to one’s self-knowledge, stopping one from erring, etc. On the other hand, compliments,especially deceptive ones made on purpose, will lead to blind optimism, which will hinder one from making right judgments, decisions or choices.To conclude, one cannot simply take a negative attitude toward criticism and welcome compliments excessively. A proper way is to accept beneficial criticism and refuse insincere compliments.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ●A1. C2. C3. D4. B5. D6. D7. B8. D9. A10. C11. B12. B13. B14. C15. BSection ●B16. A17. B18. D19. A20. B21. C22. D23. B24. D25. ASection ●C26. concerning27. evaluate28. interpretations29. engage30. subtle31. significance32. clenched fist33. tremble34. fearful or anxious35. uttering a wordPart ⅢReading ComprehensionSection ●A36. E37. C38. O39. F40. L41. I42. J43. G44. A45. KSection ●B46. P47. I48. D49. M50. E51. J52. K53. A54. P55. NSection ●C56. B57. C58. A59. D60. D61. A62. B63. D64. A65. CPart ⅣTranslation参考答案：Chinese martial arts, colloquially referred to as kung fu, are a number of fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China. Each style has its own set of techniques and ideas. There are styles that mimic movements from animals and others that gather inspiration from various Chinese philosophies, myths and legends. Some styles put most of their focus into the harnessing of qi, while others concentrate on competition. The origin of Chinese martial arts hasbeen attributed to the need for self-defense, hunting techniques and military training in ancientChina. Historically, the influence of Chinese martial arts can be found in books and in the performance arts. Recently, those influences have extended to the movies and television that target a much wider audience. As a result, Chinese martial arts have spread beyond its ethnic roots and have a global appeal.听力原文Section ●A1. W: I had prepared dinner for eight people before Mary called and said that she and her husband could not make it.M: That’s all right. I am just going to tell you I have invited Tom and his girlfriend.Q: How many people are coming to the dinner?2. M: The city council has finally voted the funds to build a new high school.W: It’s about time they did it. I don’t know what took them so long.Q: What’s the woman’s opinion about the school?3. M: Now, what’s your problem, Madam?W: Oh, yes. My husband bought this yellow skirt here yesterday. It is very nice, but it’s not thecolor I want. Have you got any blue ones?Q: What does the woman want to do?4. M: Your yard is always so beautiful, Cathy. You must have a gardener.W: Oh, no. It would cost at least $50 a month to hire someone to do the work, so I do most of it myself. I enjoy taking care of the flowers, but I have to force myself to do the weeding and cut the grass.Q: What does Cathy dislike to do?5. M: I want to take the very next flight to Albany.W: Well, the very next one leaves in two hours. It goes to Jacksonville, but you can make a connection to your destination.Q: How can the man get to his destination?6. M: Prof. David, I was wondering if you could write a recommendation letter for me.W: Well, I can write one for you. But I’ll point out your limitation as well as your strength.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7. M: Jane, I missed Prof. White’s class yesterday. Could you tell me the homework he assigned us?W: Don’t worry, Prof. White was ill and he postponed the lesson to next Monday.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?8. W: Will Richard be coming to the meeting tonight?M: He’s supposed to. But in fact he won’t be back from the vacation until the day after tomorrow.Q: Where is Richard now?Conversation OneW: Good afternoon! How can I help you?M: This is the first time we travel by air and I don’t know what to do. Can you please tell me howto do this?W: Sure. First of all, you have to take your tickets and your bags to the check-in counter over there;they will take your bags and give you a card that allows you to get on the plane. You will also get a card that you can use to pick up your bags when you arrive. Next, you have to pay an airport fee. M: What is an airport fee?W: It helps pay for the airport construction. It costs about 50 yuan. When you have paid the fee, you must go through a security check. An officer will check your name on a computer and then make sure you are not bringing anything dangerous onto the plane. Your bags will go through a special machine so that the officers can see what you are bringing.M: OK, I see. What do we do after that?W: Then you can go to the gate.M: What gate?W: The boarding gate, through which you enter the plane. It’s just a door actually, and a counter where they check the card you get when you show your tickets.M: How do we know when it’s time to get on the plane?W: There will be a call about twenty minutes before your plane leaves.M: What do we need to do when we arrive?W: Nothing else except picking up your luggage.M: Thank you. That’s been very helpful.W: Not at all. Have a nice flight!Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What does the man want to know according to the conversation?10. What do we know about the airport fee according to the conversation?11. How do passengers know when it’s time to get on the plane?Conversation TwoW: Can I help you?M: Yes. You see, I’ve bought this personal stereo at your shop three days ago. And I’m afraid it hasn’t really matched up to what I was told about it.W: I see, but what exactly is the matter?M: Well, first of all, there is this large scratch across the front of it.W: But you should have noticed that when you bought it.M: But it was inside the box, all sealed up.W: Well, I’m sorry. But it really is your responsibility to check the goods when you buy them. How are we to know that it wasn’t you who made this scratch?M: That’s ridiculous! But, anyway, it’s not the most important thing. I am really not happy aboutthis other thing.W: And what is that?M: Look, it says here that the noise from it should be undetectable by other people.W: Yes, that’s right.M: But people can hear it. And it’s really embarrassing when I take the bus or the subway.W: Well, I’m sorry. But it must be the way you’re wearing the headphones.M: What? That’s absurd! Look, I know how to put earphones in my ears! Enough for this, and now I want to know what you are going to do about it.W: Well, I suppose we could exchange it for another model if you think it’s necessary.M: Yes, I certainly do.W: Well, if I just could have the receipt…M: Yes, well, there is a slight problem about the receipt. See, I have lost it already.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What is the man doing?13. How many complaints did the customer make about the product altogether?14. How did the customer feel when he was told that he might not have worn the headphones properly?15. On what condition could the shop exchange the product?Section ●BPassage OneDeep Springs is an American college. It is an unusual college. It is high in the White Mountains in California, not in a college town. The campus is a collection of old buildings with no beautifulclassrooms. The only college-like thing about Deep Springs is its library. Students can study from the 17,000 books 24 hours a day. The library is never crowded as there are only 24 well-qualified male students at the college. In addition, there are only five full-time professors. These teachersbelieve in the idea of this college. They need to believe in it. They do not get much money. In fact, their salaries are only about 9,000 dollars a year plus room and meals. The school gives the young teachers as well as the students something more im portant than money. “Th ere is no place likeDeep Springs,”says a second-year student from New York State. “Most colleges today are muchthe same but Deep Springs is not afraid to be different.”He says that students at his college are in a situation quite unlike in the other school. Students are there to learn and they cannot run away from problems. There is no place to escape to. At most colleges, students can close their book and go to a film. They can go out to restaurants or to parties. Deep Springs students have completely different alternatives. They can talk to each other or to their teachers. Another possible activity isto go to the library to study. They might decide to do some work. The students who don’t want todo any of these activities can go for a walk in the desert. Deep Springs is far from the world of restaurants and cinemas. There is not even a television set on campus.Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What is the total number of books kept in the library of Deep Springs College?17. What is true of the campus of Deep Springs College?18. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?19. What can students at Deep Springs do in their spare time?Passage TwoAre you afraid to raise your hand in class, even when you know the answer? If you are, mostpeople would say that you’re shy.If you feel shy, you’re not alone. Nine out of ten people are at least a little shy. But however shy you are, scientific evidence seems to show that it isn’t your fault. You may have been born thatway.How do psychologists measure shyness? One way is by observation. They keep detailed recordsof people’s actions─like how often these people speak to others, or how long it takes someone tosay hello to a stranger.Another way to measure shyness is to ask people questions. The test only takes about 10 minutes. It asks questions like “Do you like going out a lot?” and “Do you have many friends?” People must answer either yes or no. These questions can predict how people actually behave in social situations. Suppose the test tells you that someone is shy. Chances are good that that person will act shyly.When scientists measure shyness, they’re really comparing degrees of shyness. In other words,when researchers say people are shy, they really mean they are shyer than others.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.20. Why does the speaker say that it isn’t a fault to be shy?21. What is one of the ways suggested by psychologists for measuring shyness?22. What is the purpose of the psychologists in asking questions?Passage ThreeThe British Broadcasting Corporation is rejecting more and more candidates applying for jobs, because they suffer from hearing loss. And this is due to a wide use of personal stereo systems. According to officials at the corporation, about three per cent of them fail to win jobs for thisreason. The figure indicates that people suffering from hearing defects are more common than a decade ago.Candidates applying for jobs at the British Broadcasting Corporation have always had hearing tests, but the techniques for such tests were not standardized until five years ago. The corporation says officially that there is no proof to link personal stereos with hearing disabilities, but frequentexposure to high level of sounds can diminish a person’s understanding of speech. That will ruleout his chances of being an engineer taking care of sound quality in recording.So experts are now calling for manufactures of personal stereos to provide a warning light. It flashes when the sound is too loud. One British manufacturer accepted this suggestion. And this manufacturer has made a device which switches itself off when the level of sound is too high. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. Why do more and more candidates fail to get jobs at the British Broadcasting Corporation?24. When did the hearing test techniques become standardized?25. What suggestions did the experts make to stereo manufactures?。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）Reading comprehension Section A Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___36___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has ___37___ many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___38___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___39___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___40___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered ___41___, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___42___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its ___43___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's ___44___ will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but ___45___ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it.Section BWhy the Mona Lisa Stands Out[A] Have you ever fallen for a novel and been amazed not to find it on lists of great books? Or walked around a sculpture renowned as a classic, struggling to see what the fuss is about? If so, you‟ve probably pondered the question Cutting asked himself that day: how does a work of art come to be considered great?[B] The intuitive answer is that some works of art are just great: of intrinsically superior quality. The paintings that win prime spots in galleries, get taught in classes and reproduced in books are the ones that have proved their artistic value over time. If you can‟t see they‟re superior, that‟s your problem. It‟s an intimidatingly neat explanation. But some social scientists have been asking awkward questions of it, raising the possibility that artistic canons are little more than fossilised historical accidents.[C] Cutting, a professor at Cornell Univer sity, wondered if a psychological mechanism known as the “mere-exposure effect” played a role in deciding which paintings rise to the top of the cultural league. Cutting designed an experiment to test his hunch. Over a lecture course he regularly showed undergraduates works of impressionism for two seconds at a time. Some of the paintings were canonical, included in art-history books. Others were lesser known but of comparable quality. These were exposed four times as often. Afterwards, the students preferred them to the canonical works, while a control group of students liked the canonical ones best. Cutting‟s students had grown to like those paintings more simply because they had seen them more.[D] Cutting believes his experiment offers a clue as to how canons are formed. He points out that the most reproduced works of impressionism today tend to have been bought by five or six wealthy and influential collectors in the late 19th century. The preferences of these men bestowed prestige on certain works, which made the works more likely to be hung in galleries and printed in anthologies. The fame passed down the years, gaining momentum from mere exposure as it did so. The more people were exposed to, the more they liked it, and the more they liked it, the more it appeared in books, on posters and in big exhibitions. Meanwhile, academics and critics created sophisticated justifications for its pre-eminence. After all, it‟s not just the masses who tend to rate what they see more often more highly. As contemporary artists like Warhol and Damien Hirst have grasped, critical acclaim is deeply entwined with publicity. “Scholars”, Cutting argues, “are no different from the public in the effects of mere exposure.”[E] The process described by Cutting evokes a princi ple that the sociologist Duncan Watts calls “cumulative advantage”: once athing becomes popular, it will tend to become more popular still. A few years ago, Watts, who is employed by Microsoft to study the dynamics of social networks, had a similar experience to Cutting in another Paris museum. After queuing to see the “Mona Lisa” in its climate-controlled bulletproof box at the Louvre, he came away puzzled: why was it considered so superior to the three other Leonardos in the previous chamber, to which nobody seemed to be paying the slightest attention?[F] When Watts looked into the history of “the greatest painting of all time”, he discovered that, for most of its life, the “Mona Lisa” remained in relative obscurity. In the 1850s, Leonardo da Vinci was considered no match for giants of Renaissance art like Titian and Raphael, whose works were worth almost ten times as much as the “Mona Lisa”. It was only in the 20th century that Leonardo‟s portrait of his patron‟s wife rocketed to the number-one spot. W hat propelled it there wasn‟t a scholarly re-evaluation, but a theft.[G] In 1911 a maintenance worker at the Louvre walked out of the museum with the “Mona Lisa” hidden under his smock. Parisians were aghast at the theft of a painting to which, until then, they had paid little attention. When the museum reopened, people queued to see the gap where the “Mona Lisa” had once hung in a way they had never done for the painting itself. From then on, the “Mona Lisa” came to represent Western culture itself.[H] Although many have tried, it does seem improbable that the painting‟s unique status can be attributed entirely to the qua lity of its brushstrokes. It has been said that the subject‟s eyes follow the viewer around the room. But as the painting‟s biogra pher, Donald Sassoon, dryly notes, “In reality the effect can be obtained from any portrait.” Duncan Watts proposes that the “Mona Lisa” is merely an extreme example of a general rule. Paintings, poems and pop songs are buoyed or sunk by random events or preferences that turn into waves of influence, rippling down the generations.[I] “Saying that cultural objects have value,” Brian Eno once wrote, “is like saying that telephones have conversations.” Nea rly all the cultural objects we consume arrive wrapped in inherited opinion; our preferences are always, to some extent, someone else‟s. Visitors to the “Mona Lisa” know they are about to visit the greatest work of art ever and come away appropriately impressed—or let down. An audience at a performance of “Hamlet” know it is regarded as a work of genius, so that is what they mostly see. Watts even calls the pre-eminence of Shakespeare a “historical accident”.[J] Although the rigid high-low distinction fell apart in the 1960s, we still use culture as a badg e of identity. Today‟s fashion for eclecticism—“I love Bach, Abba and Jay Z”—is, Shamus Khan , a Columbia University psychologist, argues, a new way for the middle class to distinguish themselves from what they perceive to be the narrow tastes of those beneath them in the social hierarchy. [K] The intrinsic quality of a work of art is starting to seem like its least important attribute. But perhaps it‟s more significant than our social scientists allow. First of all, a work needs a certain quality to be eligible to be swept to the top of the pile. The “Mona Lisa” may not be a worthy world champion, but it was in the Louvre in the first place, and not by accident. Secondly, some stuff is simply better than other stuff. Read “Hamlet” after reading even the gr eatest of Shakespeare‟scontemporaries, and the difference may strike you as unarguable.[L] A study in the British Journal of Aesthetics suggests that the exposure effect doesn‟t work the same way on everything, a nd points to a different conclusion about how canons are formed. The social scientists are right to say that we should be a little skeptical of greatness, and that we should always look in the next room. Great art and mediocrity can get confused, even by experts. But that‟s why we need to see, and read, as much as we can. The more we‟re exposed to the good and the bad, the better we are at telling the difference. The eclecticists have it.46. According to Duncan Watts, the superiority of the "Mona Lisa" to Leonardo's other works resulted from the cumulative advantage.47. Some social scientists have raised doubts about the intrinsic value of certain works of art.48. It is often random events or preferences that determine the fate of a piece of art.49. In his experiment, Cutting found that his subjects liked lesser known works better than canonical works because of more exposure.50. The author thinks the greatness of an art work still lies in its intrinsic value.51. It is true of critics as well as ordinary people that the popularity of artistic works is closely associated with publicity.52. We need to expose ourselves to more art and literature in order to tell the superior from the inferior.53. A study of the history of the greatest paintings suggests even a great work of art could experience years of neglect.54. Culture is still used as a mark to distinguish one social class from another.55. Opinions about and preferences for cultural objects are often inheritable.Section C Passage OneWhen the right person is holding the right job at the right moment, that person's influence is greatly expanded. That is the position in which Janet Yellen, who is expected to be confirmed as the next chair of the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) in January, now finds herself. If you believe, as many do, that unemployment is the major economic and social concern of our day, then it is no stretch to think Yellen is the most powerful person in the world right now.Throughout the 2008 financial crisis and the recession and recovery that followed, central banks have taken on the role of stimulators of last resort, holding up the global economy with vast amounts of money in the form of asset buying. Yellen, previously a Fed vice chair, was one of the principal architects of the Fed's $3.8 trillion money dump. A star economist known for her groundbreaking work on labor markets, Yeilen was a kind of prophetess early on in the crisis for her warnings about the subprime（次级债）meltdown. Now it will be her job to get the Fed and the markets out of the biggest and most unconventional monetary program in history without derailing the fragile recovery.The good news is that Yellen, 67, is particularly well suited to meet these challenges. She has a keen understanding of financial markets, an appreciation for their imperfections and a strong belief that human suffering was more related to unemployment than anything else.Some experts worry that Yellen will be inclined to chase unemployment to the neglect of inflation. But with wages still relatively flat and the economy increasingly divided between the well-off and the long-term unemployed' more people worry about the opposite, deflation（通货紧缩）that would aggravate the economy's problems.Either way, the incoming Fed chief will have to walk a fine line in slowly ending the stimulus. It must be steady enough to deflate bubbles（去泡沫）and bring markets back down to earth but not so quick that it creates another credit crisis.Unlike many past Fed leaders, Yellen is not one to buy into the finance industry's argument that it should be left alone to regulate itself. She knows all along the Fed has been too slack on regulation of finance.Yellen is likely to address right after she pushes unemployment below 6%, stabilizes markets and makes sure that the recovery is more inclusive and robust. As Princeton Professor Alan Blinder says' "She's smart as a whip, deeply logical, willing to argue but also a good listener. She can persuade without creating hostility." AH those traits will be useful as the global economy's new power player takes on its most annoying problems.56. What do many people think is the biggest problem facing Janet Yellen?A) Lack of money. B) Subprime crisis. C) Unemployment. D) Social instability.57. What did Yellen help the Fed do to tackle the 2008 financial crisis?A) Take effective measures to curb inflation. B) Deflate the bubbles in the American economy.C) Formulate policies to help financial institutions.D) Pour money into the market through asset buying.58. What is a greater concern of the general public?A) Recession. B) Deflation. C) Inequality. D) Income.59. What is Yellen likely to do in her position as the Fed chief?A) Develop a new monetary program. B) Restore public confidence.C) Tighten financial regulation. D) Reform the credit system.60. How does Alan Blinder portray Yellen?A) She possesses strong persuasive power. B) She has confidence in what she is doing.C) She is one of the world's greatest economists. D) She is the most powerful Fed chief in history.Passage TwoAir pollution is deteriorating in many places around the world. The fact that public parks in cities become crowded as soon as the sun shines proves that people long to breathe in green, open spaces. They do not all know what they are seeking but they flock there, nevertheless. And, in these surroundings, they are generally both peaceful and peaceable. It is rare to see people fighting in a garden. Perhaps struggle unfolds first, not at an economic or social level, but over the appropriation of air, essential to life itself. If human beings can breathe and share air, they don't need to struggle with one another.Unfortunately, in our western tradition, neither materialist nor idealist theoreticians give enough consideration to this basiccondition for life. As for politicians, despite proposing curbs on environmental pollution, they have not yet called for it to be made a crime. Wealthy countries are even allowed to pollute if they pay for it.But is our life worth anything other than money? The plant world shows us in silence what faithfulness to life consists of. It also helps us to a new beginning, urging us to care for our breath, not only at a vital but also at a spiritual level. The interdependence to which we must pay the closest attention is that which exists between ourselves and the plant world. Often described as "the lungs of the planet", the woods that cover the earth offer us the gift of breathable air by releasing oxygen. But their capacity to renew the air polluted by industry has long reached its limit. If we lack the air necessary for a healthy life, it is because we have filled it with chemicals and undercut the ability of plants to regenerate it. As we know, rapid deforestation combined with the massive burning of fossil fuels is an explosive recipe for an irreversible disaster.The fight over the appropriation of resources will lead the entire planet to hell unless humans learn to share life, both with each other and with plants. This task is simultaneously ethical and political because it can be discharged only when each takes it upon herself or himself and only when it is accomplished together with others. The lesson taught by plants is that sharing life expands and enhances the sphere of the living, while dividing life into so-called natural or human resources diminishes it. We must come to view the air, the plants and ourselves as the contributors to the preservation of life and growth, rather than a web of quantifiable objects or productive potentialities at our disposal. Perhaps then we would finally begin to live, rather than being concerned with bare survival.61. What does the author assume might be the primary reason that people would struggle with each other?A) To get their share of clean air. B) To pursue a comfortable life.C) To gain a higher social status. D) To seek economic benefits.62. What does the author accuse western politicians of?A) Depriving common people of the right to clean air.B) Giving priority to theory rather than practical action.C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.D) Failing to pass laws to curb environmental pollution.63. What does the author try to draw our closest attention to?A) The massive burning of fossil fuels. B) Our relationship to the plant world.C) The capacity of plants to renew polluted air. D) Large-scale deforestation across the world. 64. How can human beings accomplish the goal of protecting the planet according to the author?A) By showing respect for plants. B) By preserving all forms of life.C) By tapping all natural resources. D) By pooling their efforts together.65. What does the author suggest we do in order not just to survive?A) Expand the sphere of living. B) Develop nature's potentials.C) Share life with nature. D) Allocate the resources.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。

2015大学英语六级阅读理解练习题Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this， some obvious，some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce， and consequently neverset about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill—one that needs careful training of a special kind， and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language，while recognizing the importance of a good accent， tend to neglect， in their practical teaching， the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this， and should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So， there should be occasions when other aspects of English， such as grammar or spelling， are allowed for the moment to take second place.Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation， there are two other requirements for the teacher： the first， knowledge; the second， technique.It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech， and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible inthis way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages， between the speech habits of English people and those， say， of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture， any comments he may make on his students‘ pronunciation are unlik ely to be of much use， and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.26. What does the writer actually say about pronouncing foreign languages?A. Only a few people are really proficient.B. No one is really an expert in the skill.C. There aren’t many people who are even fairly good.D. There are even some people who are moderately proficient.27. The writer argues that going about the problem of pronunciation in the wrong way isA. an obvious cause of not grasping the problem correctlyB. a fundamental consequence of not speaking wellC. a consequence of not grasping the problem correctlyD. not an obvious cause of speaking poorly28. The best way of learning to speak a foreign language， he suggests， is by_______.A. picking it up naturally as a childB. learning from a native speakerC. not concentrating on pronunciation as suchD. undertaking systematic work29. The value the student puts on correct speech habits depends upon_______.A. how closely he attends to the matterB. whether it is English that is being taughtC. his teacher‘s approach to pronunciationD. the importance normally given to grammar and spelling30. How might the teacher find himself wasting lesson time?A. By spending lesson time on pronunciation.B. By making ill-informed comments upon pronunciation.C. By not using books on phonetics in the classroom.D. By not giving students a clear mental picture of the difference between sounds.答案：26. C 27. C 28. D 29. C。

2015年12⽉⼤学英语六级阅读模拟试题：性格 Personality is , to large extent, inherent --A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is improtant to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor lives of their children. One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences:remember that Pheidippides ,the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying:"Rejoice, we conquer!". By far the worst form of competition in school is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations . It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well.The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into 'B's. The would needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child's personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. 1. According to the author, what factors contribute to the building of personality? A. inheritance b. inheritance, competition and environment c. competition d. environment 2.Which of the following statements is not true according to the author of the passage? A. Schools usually adopt severe competitive policies. B. Students are often divided by competition results. C. School is place where children cultivate their characteristics. D. The stronger desire for winning, the better. 3.The phrase "soak up" is closest in meaning to ____. A. pull up b. take up c. take in d. pull in 4.What attitude does the author hold toward examinations in schools? A. positive b. negative c. doubtful d. neutral 5.what suggestion does the author make concerning the management of schools? A. All students be made into competitive A types. B. A child's personality be considered in regard to his possible future job. C. All students be changed into B characteristics. D. Schools abolish all forms of examinations. 答案：bdccb作⽂预测：作⽂模板：CET6考试：成绩查询：CET6真题：CET6备考：。

大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2015年12月六级考试模拟试卷及答案（3）Part I Writing.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Civil Servant Test Craze. Your essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.听力题：1、A.She thinks the exercise is easy.B.She can't solve the exercise either.C.She can help the man with the exercise.D.She hasn't tried to solve the exercise yet.2、A.Buy a newspaper.B.Take a trip in the summer.C.Put an ad in a newspaper.D.Go to the interviewer's office.3、A.The man must be a very slow driver.B.She did a lot of walking in Florida.C.The man should have spent less time in FloridaD.She got to Florida long before the man did. 4、A.Look for the umbrella in the theater.B.Ask the ticket seller about the umbrella.C.Buy another ticket for the show.D.Go back to her chair to get the umbrella.5、A.Both of the activities aren't very good.B.He has no interest in doing exercise.C.They should choose a different activity.D.It doesn't matter which activity to choose.6、A.Wash fewer clothes at a time.e a different washing machine.C.Try to repair the washing machine first,D.Wash his clothes by hand.7、A.She is going to drop the class too.B.She doesn't know how to swim.C.It took her a long time to learn to swim.D.She teaches swimming,8、A.He'll give the woman a few prescriptions right away.B.He'll be away from the office for one or two days.C.The woman doesn't need anything for her cough.D.The woman should continue taking the medicine. Conversation One.听材料，回答下列问题：9、A.Her apartment is too far from the campus.B.Her apartment needs a lot of repair work.C.She's having trouble with the owner of the apartmentD.Her roommate won't share expenses.10、A.Because the girls didn't pay their rent on time.B.Because she couldn't find anyone to repair the dishwasher.C.Because she had to buy a new dishwasher.D.Because paula had some repairs done without her permission.11、A.Because he has some knowledge of the law,B.Because he once had the same problem.C.Because he is a friend of the owner.D.Because he can bring a lawsuit against the owner. Conversation Two.听材料，回答下列各题：12、A.There aren't enough cabinetsB.There is too much noise.C.Office supplies are taking up space.D.Some teaching assistants don't have desks.13、A.To chat with him socially.B.To get help with the course.C.To hand in their assignments.D.To practise giving interviews,14、A.They'd have to get permission.B.Jack wouldn't like it,C.She thinks it might work.D.Other assistants should be consulted15、A.Give Jack a different office,plain to the department head.C.Move the supplies to the storage room.D.Try to get a room to use for meetings.Passage One.听材料，回答下列各题：16、A.Because of its shape.B.Because of its skin.C.Because of its size.D.Because of its behavior.17、A.How sea animals manage to exist,B.How large sea animals can be.C.How frightening the squid is,D.How little is known about the sea.18、A.Why it is difficult to use aerial photographs in research.B.Why oceanic research is so limited.C.How oceanic research has helped land research,D.How fossil remains are obtained from deep sea. Passage Two.听材料，回答下列各题：19、A.New varieties of corn have been developed.B.The crops need less fertilizer.C.Farmers can now monitor crop growth.D.Crop yields are much greater.20、A.It's being drained from Nebraska to Texas.B.It's being pumped out.C.It's becoming contaminated with oil.D.It's becoming much warmer.21、A.It can be seen from an airplane.B.It's most likely polluted.C.It's usually a bright green color.D.The supply of it may be exhausted soon.Passage Three.听材料，回答下列各题：22、A.To review what students know about volcanic activity.B.To demonstrate the use of a new measurement device.C.To explain the answer to an examination question.D.To provide background for the next reading assignment.23、A.They occur at regular intervals.B.They can withstand great heat.C.They travel through the Earth's interior.D.They can record the Earth's internal temperature.24、A.When the Earth was formed.B.The composition of the Earth's interior.C.Why molten rock is hot.D.How often a volcano is likely to erupt.25、A.How deep they are.B.Where earthquakes form.C.How hot they are.D.What purpose they serve.听材料，回答下列各题：Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Teenagers will be told to "stand up for their elders" on public transport-or risk losing their right to free travel.London Mayor Boris Johnson will 26_________ plans today to make youngsters sign a "27_________ pledge" to promise to behave in a 28 _________manner when travelling in the capital.The three-point pledge states that they will give up their seats to the elderly, 29_________ and disabled; refrain from using 30_________ or threatening language; and be courteous and polite to fellow passengers and staff.Those who refuse, or are caught behaving in a rude manner, will have their free travel passes 31_________The plan--a key part of Mr. Johnson's re-election bid--will initially affect the 400,000 11-to-15-year-olds in London who qualify for free travel cards, but Conservative sources believe the idea could be used across the country.A Conservative insider said, "The initiative 32_________ the push to create a Big Society. It is about changing culture and 33 _________around behavior to improve the atmosphere on buses and trains for everyone. "Speaking before today's launch, Mr. Johnson said he 34_________ tackle the anti-social behavior of a "minority of youngsters" on public transport."when I was a boy, I was taught to stand up for those less able to," he said. "Youngsters enjoy the privilege of free travel, which is paid for by Londoners, but they have to understand that with that privilege comes responsibility. "Anyone who abuses this privilege will have it taken away, and will have to earn that right back.Teenagers who are found 35_________ violating the new behavior code will lose their travel passes. They will have to carry out unpaid community work to have them restored.回答36-45题：Women with low literacy suffer disproportionately more than men, encountering more36_________ in finding a well-paying job and being twice as likely to end up in the group of lowest wage earners, a study released on Wednesday said.Analysis by the Institute for Women's Policy Research (IWPR. found women at all levels of 37_________ tend to earn less than men, but it's at the lowest literacy levels that the wage gap between genders is most striking.Women with low literacy are twice as 38_________ as men at the same skill level to be among the lowest earners, bringing in $300 a week or less, the report said."Because women start off so low in terms of wages, having higher literacy and more skills really 39_________ a big difference," said Kevin Miller, a 40_________ research associate at IWPR and co-author of the study.Women need to go 41_________ in their training and education level to earn the same as men, Miller said.The 42_________ was based on 2009 National Assessment of Adult Literacy surveys, the most recent data 43_________ , and focused on reading skills, not writing and numeric literacy. That data was 44_________ from a nationally representative sample of 19,714 people aged 16 and older, living in households or prisons.Data showed about one-third of American adults have low literacy levels, and more than 36 percent of men and 33 percent of women fall into that 45_________ , the institute said.A. patternB. seniorC. longerD. difficultiesE. categoryF. collectedG. positionsH. availableI. conductedJ. independentK. literacyL. analysisM. likelyN. furtherO. makesSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.回答46-55题：A) The legislation concerning financial reform focuses on helping regulators detect and defuse (减少....的危险性) the next crisis. But it doesn't address many of the underlying conditions that can cause problems.B) The legislation gives regulators the power to oversee shadow banks and take failing firms apart, convenes a council of superregulators to watch the megafirms that pose a risk to the full financialsystem, and much else.C) But the bill does more to help regulators detect the next financial crisis than to actually stop it from happening.In that way, it's like the difference between improving public health and improving medicine: The bill focuses on helping the doctors who figure out when you're sickand how to get you better rather than on the conditions (sewer systems and air quality and hygiene standards and so on) that contribute to whether you get sick in the first place.D) That is to say, many of the weaknesses and imbalances that led to the financial crisis will survive our regulatory response, and it's important to keep that in mind. So here are five we still have to watch out for:1. The Global Glut (供过于求) of SavingsE) "One of the leading indicators of a financial crisis is when you have a sustained surge in money flowing into the country which makes borrowing cheaper and easier," says Harvard economist Kenneth Rogoff. Our crisis was no different: Between 1987 and 1999, our current account deficit--the measure of how much money is coming in versus going out--fluctuated between 1 and 2 percent of gross domestic product. By 2006, it had hit 6 percent.F) The sharp rise was driven by emerging economies with lots of growth and few investment opportunities-think China-funneling their money to developed economies with less growth and lots of investment opportunities. But we've gotten out of the crisis without fixing it. China is still growing fast, exporting faster, and sending the money over to US.2. Household Debt-and Why We Need ItG) The fact that money is available to borrow doesn't explain why Americans borrowed so much of it. Household debt as a percentage of GDP went from a bit less than 60 percent at the beginning of the 1990s to a bit less than 100 percent in 2006. "This is where I come to income inequality," says Raghuram Rajan, an economist at the University of Chicago. "A large part of the population saw relatively stagnant incomes over the 1980s and 1990s. Credit was so welcome because it kept people who were falling behind reasonably happy. You were keeping up, even if your income wasn't."H) Incomes, of course, are even more stagnant now that unemployment is at 9 percent. And that pain isn't being shared equally: inequality has actually risen since before the recession, as joblessness is proving sticky among the poor, but recovery has been swift for the rich. Household borrowing is still more than 90 percent of GDP, and the conditions that drove it up there are, if anything, worse.3. The "Shadow Banking" MarketI) The financial crisis started out similarly severe, but it wasn't, at first, a crisis of consumers. It was a crisis of banks. It never became a crisis of consumers because consumer deposits are insured. But large investors-pension funds, banks, corporations, and others--aren't insured. But when they hear that their collateral ( 附属担保品) is dropping in value, they demand their money back. And when everyone does that at once, it's like an old-fashioned bank run: The banks can't pay everyone off at once, so they unload all their assets to get capital, the assets become worthless because everyone is trying to unload them, and the banks collapse.J) "This is an inherent problem of privately created money," says Gary Gorton, an economist at Princeton University. "It is vulnerable to these kinds of runs." This year, we're bringing this shadow banking system under the control of regulators and giving them all sorts of information on it and power over it, but we're not doing anything like deposit insurance, where we simply make the deposits safe so runs become an anachronism.4. Rich BanksK) In the 1980s, the financial sector's share of total corporate profits ranged from about 10 to 20 percent. By 2004, it was about 35 percent. Simon Johnson, an economist at MIT, recalls a conversation he had with a fund manager. "The guy said to me, 'Simon, it's so little money! You can sway senators for $10 million!?'"Johnson laughs ruefully (后悔地). "These guys [ big investors ] don't even think in millions. They think in billions."L) What you get for that money is favors. The last financial crisis fades from memory and the public begins to focus on other things. Then the finance guys begin nudging (游说). They hold some fundraisers for politicians, make some friends, explain how the regulations they're under are onerous and unfair. And slowly, surely, those regulations come undone. This financial crisis will stick in our minds for a while, but not forever. And after briefly dropping to less than 15 percent of corporate profits, the financial sector has rebounded to more than 30 percent. They'll have plenty of money with which to help their friends forget this whole nasty affair.5. Lax ( 不严格的) RegulatorsM ) The most troubling prospect is the chance that this bill, if we'd passed it in 2000, wouldn't even have prevented this financial crisis. That's not to undersell it: It would've given regulators more information with which to predict the crisis. But they had enough information, and they ignored it. They get caught up in boom times just like everyone else. A bubble, almost by definition, affects the regulators with the power to pop it.N) In 2005, with housing prices running far, far ahead of the historical trend, Bemanke said a housing bubble was "a pretty unlikely possibility". In 2007, he said Fed officials "do not expect significant spillovers from the subprime market to the rest of the economy." Alan Greenspan, looking back at the financial crisis, admitted in April that regulators "have had a woeful record of chronic failure. History tells us they cannot identify the timing of a crisis, or anticipate exactly where it will be located or how large the losses and spillovers will be."46、In the 1980s and 1990s people experienced no substantial increase in terms of income, which brought about the popularity of credit.47、Financial crisis is a crisis of banks in that shadow banking may cause banks to fail.48、The finance guys make friends with politicians in the hope of making some burdensome and unfair regulations cancelled.49、The legislation concerning financial reform offers regulators the power of supervising shadow banks and disintegrating companies on the verge of bankruptcy.50、In terms of the effect of unemployment, it is more deeply felt by the poor than by the rich.51、Even if there was enough information to predict there would be financial crisis, the regulators still chose to ignore it.52、Emerging economies with insufficient investment opportunities have invested much money in developed countries.53、Regulators with power tended to fail again and again concerning forecasting a financial crisis.54、A fund manager or large investor is considered absurdly rich by an economist from MIT.55、Large investors' deposits can be made safer if shadow banking system is under the control of regulators.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.回答56-60题：Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the furore of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer7 Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by mad, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and the family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded--a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full- time jobs.56、According to the author, the universal employment has _______.A.turned out not to be the best form of jobsB.created an alternative form of jobsC.built the foundation of an economic leapD.failed to produce job opportunities for most people57、Modem forms of transportation have greatly encouraged_______.A.the phenomenon of deprivation of employees' leisure timeB.the disconnection between people's work and their family lifeC.the commutation between the working places and employees' homesD.people's desire to work far away from where they were born58、It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.women could have been more productive than men in a proper job systemB.work in pre-industrial times has been distriibuted evenly between men and womenC.paid employment has aroused serious social problems in current societyD.women have been treated unfairly under the employment system of industrial age59、What is the problem for the young under the employment system?A.They are less likely to compete with the aged.B.They are much worried about the generation gap.C.They are more likely to suffer from unemployment.D.Their academic performances seem useless for job hunting.60、What is the possible change of job forms?A.Full-time employment will not be the dominant form of work.B.Most people can work at home and for themselves.C.The differences between men and women will disappear.D.All people get equal job opportunities and equal pay.回答61-65题：Blood vessels running all through the lungs carry blood to each air sac (囊), or alveolus(肺泡), and then back again to the heart. Only the thin wall of the air sac and the thin wall of a capillary (毛细血管) are between the air and the blood. So oxygen easily diffuses from the air sacs through the walls into the blood, while carbon dioxide easily diffuses from the blood through the walls into the air sacs.When blood is sent to the lungs by the heart, it has come back from the cells in the rest of the body. So the blood that goes into the wall of an air sac contains much dissolved carbon dioxide but very little oxygen. At the same time, the air that goes into the air sac contains much oxygen but very little carbon dioxide. You have learned that dissolved materials always diffuse from where there is more of them to where there is less. Oxygen from the air dissolves in the moisture on the lining of the air sac and diffuses through the lining into the blood. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air sac. The blood then flows from the lungs back to the heart, which sends it out to all other parts of the body.Soon after air goes into an air sac, it gives up some of its oxygen and takes in some carbon dioxide from the blood. To keep diffusion going as it should, this carbon dioxide must be gotten rid of. Breathing, which is caused by movements of the chest, forces the used air out of the air sacs in your lungs and brings in fresh air. The breathing muscles are controlledautomatically so that you breathe at the proper rote to keep your air sacs supplied with fresh air. Ordinarily, you breathe about twenty-two times a minute. Of course, you breathe faster when you are exercising and slower when you are resting. Fresh air is brought into your lungs when you breathe in, or inhale (吸入), while used air is forced out of your lungs when you breathe out, or exhale.Some people think that all the oxygen is taken out of the air in the lungs and that what we breathe out is pure carbon dioxide. But these ideas are not correct. Air is a mixture of gases that is mostly nitrogen(氮). This gas is not used in the body. So the amount of nitrogen does not change as air is breathed in and out. But while air is in the lungs, it is changed in three ways: ( 1 ) About one-fifth of the oxygen in the air goes into the blood. (2) An almost equal amount of carbon dioxide comes out of the blood into the air. (3) Moisture from the linings of the air passages and air sacs evaporates until the air is almost saturated.61、It can be inferred from the passage that oxygen and carbon dioxide _______.A.produce energy for breathingB.diffuse immediately in the bloodC.penetrate slowly into the air sacsD.travel in opposite ways in the lungs62、When blood travels back to the lungs by the heart, ________.A.more oxygen was contained in bloodB.more carbon dioxide was contained in the bloodC.less carbon dioxide was contained in an air sacD.less oxygen was contained in an air sac63、The movement of breathing can effectively ________.A.help the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungsB.prevent the inhaling of excessive carbon dioxideC.keep the regular circulation of bloodD.strengthen the function of breathing muscles64、When we breathe out, the amount of nitrogen ________.A.increases a bit because of the exchange of airB.reduces a bit because of the exchange of airC.remains the same as we breathe it inD.keeps the same as that needed in lungs65、The air in the lungs changes through ________.A.inhaling some amount of oxygenB.the evaporation of moistureC.exhaling some amount of carbon dioxideD.generating a passage for evaporationPart VI Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.要了解中国文化，就应该对中国的戏曲文化有所了解。

2015年12⽉英语六级阅读真题及答案第⼀套：第⼆套第三套 选词填空 As it is，sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge on Plus， we live in a culturethat（36） to the late neighter， from 24 hour grocery store to ? shopping site that never close。

It’s no surprise，then， that more than half of American adults get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as （37）by sleep experts。

Whether or not we can catch up on sleep on the weekend， say- is a hotly （38） among sleep researchers。

The latest evidence suggests that while it isn’t （39）， it might ? when Liu， the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine，brought （40） sleep-rest people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they lagged about 10 hours per night。

showed （41）in the ability of insulin（胰岛素） to process blood sugar。

That suggests up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep （42） causes， which is encouraging ? given how many adults don’t get the hours they need each night。

Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: A way from Net-bar Campaign. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below: 1. 新闻媒体披露，徐州某中学1000多名学⽣签名;庄严“远离吧” 2. 分析“远离吧”运动的原因 3. 做出对⽐和评论 Away from Net-bar Campaign Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-4, markY (for YES if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 5-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Suggestions for Your Work Annie is a longtime secretary/receptionist for two senior vice presidents at a big company. They have been doing a lot of hiring lately, and almost all of the new middle-management personnel have been interviewed by one or the other of Annie's two bosses, so naturally they come through her office first. Some of these people are unbelievably rude. Either they treat Annie like a piece of furniture (no hello, no eye contact) or they think she is their errand(差使)girl. Lately, Annie's two bosses have started asking her for her impressions of job candidates. So far this week, two have been discourteous(失礼的)and dismissive, so Annie gave both the thumbs-down. Neither is getting called back for the next round of interviews. No one knows how common this is, but if you are job hunting, it's necessary to be aware that the dummy at the reception desk may be anything but not "just a secretary". Suggestions to Job Hunters According to Annie Stevens and Greg Gostanian, two partners at a Boston-based executive coaching firm called Clear Rock, it's not unusual these days for a hiring manager to ask everyone who meets a potential new hire to give an opinion of him or her. "One of the biggest reasons so many newly recruited managers fail in a new job is their inability to fit in and get along with the people who are already there," says Stevens. "So employers now want to get staffers' impressions right at the start." Adds Gostanian:" A lot can be learned from how candidates treat receptionists. If the jobseeker is rude, condescending, or arrogant, this might be an indication of how he or she would treat coworkers or direct reports." Obviously, anyone looking for a new job would do well not to alienate the person who sits outside the interviewer's door. Stevens and Gostanian offer these six tips for getting off to the right start: ?Introduce yourself as you would to any other potential new colleague. Smile, shake hands, and so on. It seems odd that this has to be spelled out, but apparently it does; and, besides being a matter of common courtesy, ordinary friendliness offers a practical advantage. "Learning and remembering an interviewer's receptionist's name can only help as you advance in the interviewing process," Stevens notes. ?Don't regard a receptionist or other assistant as an underling(部下)—at least, not as your own personal underling. "Always ask the interviewer if you need help from anyone else in the office where you're interviewing, instead of seeking this directly yourself," says Gostanian. In other words, if you'd like to leave an extra copy of your resume, refrain from sending the interviewer's assistant to the Xerox machine. ?It's fine to accept if you're offered a beverage, but keep it simple. "Don't ask for particular brand names or expect to be brewed a fresh pot of coffee," Stevens says. And of course, need we add that dispatching anybody to Starbucks is out of the question? ?Feel free to make small talk, but know that anything you say may well get back to the interviewer. "Don't ask probing questions about the company or offer unsolicited opinions," Gostanian advises. No matter how hideous the office door, endless the hike from the parking lot, or inconvenient the wait to see the interviewer, keep it to yourself. Plenty of time forwhining(抱怨)and grumbling after you're hired. ?Don't talk on your cell phone in front of the receptionist, and try to put your BlackBerry aside. "If you have to make or take a call, leave the reception area," Stevens says. Preoccupation with wireless devices will mark you, she says, as "a cold and fixated person". ?Don't forget to say good-bye. "Failure to say good-bye to someone you've just met reflects negatively on you," Gostanian notes. "You'll come across as impersonal and uncaring." That's hardly the image any job hunter wants to project. How to Measure Your Work Any job, like any relationship, has its difficult moments. And with the job market heating up, the temptations to change partners are growing. As with any relationship, however, you really should assess the full value of what you've got before giving it up wholesale, because—let's fact it—regret really is a waste of your time. Regardless of the main task of a job—be it bond trading, teaching, balancing the books, or cleaning hotel rooms—are there objective criteria that you can use to measure whether your job is wonderful or not? Workplace experts Marcus Buckingham and Curt Coffman have identified several. In their book First, Break All the Rules: What the World's Greatest Managers Do Differently, they offer a useful guide in the form of 12 questions: ?Do I know what's expected of me at work? ?Do I have the materials and equipment I need to do my work right? ?At work, do I have the opportunity to do what I do best every day? ?In the last 7 days, have I received recognition or praise for doing good work? ?Does my supervisor, or someone at work, seem to care about me as a person? ?Is there someone at work who encourages my development? ?At work, do my opinions seem to count? ?Does the mission/purpose of my company make me feel my job is important? ?Are my coworkers committed to doing quality work? ?Do I have a best friend at work? ?In the last six months, has someone at work talked to me about my progress? ?This last year, have I had opportunities at work to learn and to grow? Buckingham and Coffman picked these 12 questions after looking for patterns among the responses of more than 1 million employees to workplace questions posed by the Gallup Organization over the years. "We were searching for those special questions where the most engaged employees ... answered positively, and everyone else...answered neutrally or negatively," they wrote. Their reasoning: they wanted to identify the key elements of a strong workplace that can attract and retain talent. Satisfaction with pay and benefits didn't make the list not because they're not important, Coffman said, but because they're important to all employees, whether they're engaged in their work or not. So, assuming you feel you're paid the going rate for your job, answering affirmatively to all or even most of the 12 questions can be an indication that you've got a great job that you should part with only for very good reason. And if job satisfaction is important to you, then the promise of a bigger paycheck alone may not be reason enough. When Coffman is asked what percentage of companies he thinks actually pass the 12-question test, his estimate is no more than 15 percent. But within a company, he said, individual departments may meet the test, even if the company overall doesn't. Why? The manager of a department makes all the difference. Coffman said when an employee quits, 70 percent of the time she's not leaving because of the job, she's leaving because of the manager. One cautionary note: your job may not be as wonderful for you as you think if you answer a majority of the 12 questions affirmatively but the few questions that you can't are among the first six. That's because the first six questions make up the base on which job satisfaction rests, according to Buckingham and Coffman. If your current job doesn't meet the first six criteria, you are more likely to be disengaged with your work and less productive than you could be. Consider question three after all. Do you have the opportunity to do what you do best everyday? "If you're not able to use your gifts every day, you'll be pretty frustrated," Coffman said. Of course, job satisfaction isn't a one-way street with a department either meeting your needs or not. In order to answer the 12 questions honestly, you need to know what it is that makes you tick and not blindly blame your department for any job dissatisfaction. Do you know what it is you like to do and what you do best? What kind of recognition do you like? Public or private? What are your values and do they square with your company's goals? How do you like a manager to relate to you? Otherwise, your career, like a string of bad relationships, can become a case of "different partner, same problems". 1. When you go to a company for an interview, there is no need to care the feelings of the receptionists. 2. According to Annie Stevens, many newly recruited managers fail in a new job because they cannot get along with their coworkers. 3. If you want to get off to the right start, you should treat the receptionists as your potential bosses. 4. If you fail to say "thank you" to the receptionists, they will have negative impressions of you. 5. If you want to give up a job wholesale, you should evaluate ________ from it. 6. When you are measuring your work, you should consider that if there is someone at work who encourages your development and talks to you about __________. 7. The question about satisfaction with pay and benefits is not included in the 12 questions because it's important to all employees, whether ________ or not. 8. Even if the company overall cannot pass the 12-question test, ________ may pass it. 9. You should pay special attention to the first six questions of the 12 questions because they make up the b a s e o n wh i c h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 8 " > 0 0 1 0 . I f y o u w a n t t o a n s w e r t h e 1 2 q u e s t i o n s h o n e s t l y , y o u s h o u l d k n o w w h a t m a k e s y o u n o t b l i n d l y b l a m e y o u r d e p a r t m e n t f o r _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . P a r t I V R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n ( R e a d i n g i n D e p t h ) ( 2 5 m i n u t e s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > 0 0 S e c t i o n A / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : I n t h i s s e c t i o n , t h e r e i s a p a s s a g e w i t h t e n b l a n k s . Y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o s e l e c t o n e w o r d f o r e a c h b l a n k f r o m a l i s t o f c h o i c e s g i v e n i n a w o r d b a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e . R e a d t h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u l l y b e f o r e m a k i n g y o u r c h o i c e s . E a c h c h o i c e i n b a n k i s i d e n t i f i e d b y a l e t t e r . P l e a s e m a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r f o r e a c h i t e m o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2 w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t e r . Y o u m a y n o t u s e a n y o f t h e w o r d s i n t h e b a n k m o r e t h a n o n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 4 7 t o 5 6 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 2 " > 0 0 E d u c a t i o n i s a l o n g p r o c e s s t h a t n o t o n l y p r o v i d e s u s w i t h b a s i c s k i l l s s u c h a s l i t e r a c y a n d n u m e r a c y , b u t i s a l s o e s s e n t i a l i n s h a p i n g o u r f u t u r e l i v e s . F r o m t h e m o m e n t w e e n t e r 4 7 a s s m a l l c h i l d r e n , a n d a s w e p r o g r e s s t h r o u g h p r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y e d u c a t i o n , w e a r e l a y i n g t h e f o u n d a t i o n f o r t h e l i f e a h e a d o f u s . W e m u s t 4 8 o u r s e l v e s t o w o r k h a r d s o t h a t w e c a n p a s s e x a m s a n d g a i n t h e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s w e w i l l n e e d t o 4 9 a g o o d j o b . W e m u s t a l s o a c q u i r e 5 0 l i f e s k i l l s s o t h a t w e c a n f i t i n a n d w o r k w i t h t h o s e a r o u n d u s . A n d o f c o u r s e h e a l t h e d u c a t i o n h e l p s u s t o u n d e r s t a n d h o w w e c a n s t a y 5 1 a n d h e a l t h y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 F o r m o s t p e o p l e , t h i s p r o c e s s e n d s w h e n t h e y a r e i n t h e i r m i d - t o - l a t e t e e n s . F o r o t h e r s , h o w e v e r , i t i s t h e b e g i n n i n g o f a ( n ) 5 2 o f l e a r n i n g . A f t e r t h e y f i n i s h s c h o o l , m a n y p r o g r e s s t o 5 3 e d u c a t i o n w h e r e t h e y w i l l l e a r n m o r e u s e f u l s k i l l s s u c h a s c o m p u t e r l i t e r a c y o r b a s i c b u s i n e s s m a n a g e m e n t . O t h e r s w i l l e n r o l l i n a p r o g r a m o f 5 4 e d u c a t i o n a t a u n i v e r s i t y w h e r e , w i t h h a r d w o r k , t h e y w i l l h a v e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o g r a d u a t e a f t e r t h r e e o r f o u r y e a r s w i t h a w e l l - e a r n e d d e g r e e . A f t e r t h a t , t h e y m a y w o r k f o r a w h i l e b e f o r e 5 5 t o s t u d y f o r a h i g h e r d e g r e e a n M . A . , f o r e x a m p l e , o r a P h D . A n d i f t h e y l i v e a l o n g w a y f r o m a c o l l e g e o r u n i v e r s i t y , t h e y m i g h t f o l l o w a c o r r e s p o n d e n c e c o u r s e u s i n g m a i l a n d t h e I n t e r n e t . I n f a c t , i t i s 5 6 d u e t o t h e p r o l i f e r a t i o n o f c o m p u t e r s t h a t m a n y p e o p l e , w h o h a v e n o t b e e n n e a r a s c h o o l f o r m a n y y e a r s , h a v e s t a r t e d t o s t u d y a g a i n a n d c a n p r o u d l y c l a s s t h e m s e l v e s a s m a t u r e s t u d e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] c h a n g i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 [ B ] s e c u r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] l o n g e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] k i n d e r g a r t e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 "> 0 0 [ E ] h i g h e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 [ F ] l i f e t i m e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 [ G ] d e e p e n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 [ H ] l a r g e l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 [ I ] d i s c i p l i n e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 [ J ]f i t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 [ K ] o p t i ng / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 [ L ] s ch o o l / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 4 6 " >0 0 [ M ] v a l u a b l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 [ N ] h e a v i l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 [ O ] f u r t h e r / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 Se c t i o n B / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : T h e r e a r e 2 p a s s ag e s i n thi s s e c t i o n . E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w e d b y s o m e q u e s t i o n s o r u n f i n i s h e d s t a t e m e n t s . F o r e a c h o f t h e m t h e r e a r e f o u r c h o i c e s m a r k e d [ A ] , [ B ] , [ C ] a n d [ D ] . Y o u s h o u l d d e c i d e o n t h e b e s t c h o i c e a n d m a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e r S h e e t 2 w i t h a s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 P a s s a g e O n e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 Q u e s t i o n s 5 7 t o 6 1 a r e b a s e d o n t h e f o l l o w i n g p a s s a g e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 T h e F o o d a n d D r u g A d m i n i s t r a t i o n s a i d o n W e d n e s d a y t h a t i t i s t r y i n g t o t r a c k d o w n a s m a n y a s 3 8 6 p i g l e t s t h a t m a y h a v e b e e n g e n e t i c a l l y e n g i n e e r e d a n d w r o n g f u l l y s o l d i n t o t h e U . S . f o o d s u p p l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 T h e f o c u s o f t h e F D A i n v e s t i g a t i o n i s o n p i g s r a i s e d b y r e s e a r c h e r s a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s i n U r b a n a C h a m p a i g n . T h e y e n g i n e e r e d t h e a n i m a l s w i t h t w o g e n e s : o n e i s a c o w g e n e t h a t i n c r e a s e s m i l k p r o d u c t i o n i n t h e s o w ; t h e o t h e r , a s y n t h e t i c g e n e , m a k e s t h e m i l k e a s i e r f o r p i g l e t s t o d i g e s t . T h e g o a l w a s t o r a i s e b i g g e r p i g s f a s t e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 T h e r e h a s b e e n n o e v i d e n c e t h a t e i t h e r g e n e t i c a l l y a l t e r e d p l a n t s o r a n i m a l s a c t u a l l y t r i g g e r h u m a n i l l n e s s , b u t c r i t i c s w a r n t h a t p o t e n t i a l s i d e e f f e c t s r e m a i n u n k n o w n . U n i v e r s i t y o f f i c i a l s s a y t h e i r t e s t s s h o w e d t h e p i g l e t s w e r e n o t b o r n w i t h t h e a l t e r e d g e n e s , b u t F D A r u l e s r e q u i r e e v e n t h e o f f s p r i n g o f g e n e t i c a l l y e n g i n e e r e d a n i m a l s t o b e d e s t r o y e d s o t h e y w o n ' t g e t i n t o t h e f o o d s u p p l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 T h e F D A , i n a q u i c k l y a r r a n g e d n e w s c o n f e r e n c e o n W e d n e s d a y p r o m p t e d b y i n q u i r i e s b y U S A T O D A Y , s a i d t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f I l l i n o i s w o u l d f a c e p o s s i b l e s a n c t i o n s a n d f i n e s f o r s e l l i n g t h e p i g l e t s t o a l i v e s t o c k b r o k e r , w h o i n t u r n s o l d t h e m t o p r o c e s s i n g p l a n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 B o t h t h e F D A a n d t h e u n i v e r s i t y s a y t h e p i g s t h a t e n t e r e d t h e m a r k e t d o n o t p o s e a r i s k t o c o n s u m e r s . B u t t h e i n v e s t i g a t i o n f o l l o w s a c t i o n b y t h e U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r e i n D e c e m b e r t o f i n e a T e x a s c o m p a n y t h a t c o n t a m i n a t e d 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 b u s h e l s o f s o y b e a n s w i t h c o r n t h a t h a d b e e n g e n e t i c a l l y a l t e r e d t o p r o d u c e a v a c c i n e f o r p i g s . / p >。