Improved Filtration Performance of Continuous Alumina-fiber Reinforced Mullite Ceramics
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STIHL Introduces Its Top Arborist Saw for TreeCare ProfessionalsReduced emissions, increased fuel efficiency and improved ergonomicson the STIHL MS 201TRelease Date: 10/14/2011Press Inquiries:Anita Gambill7574869151<st1:place w:st="on"> <st1:city w:st="on"> VIRGINIA BEACH , <st1:state w:st="on">VA – The STIHL MS 201 T takes over as STIHL’s top arborist saw! Designed for tree trimming professionals looking for fuelefficient, reducedemission equipment, the tophandle STIHL MS 201 T chain saw uses advanced engine technology to reduce engine emissions to a remarkable 70 percent less than the previous model. In addition, the MS 201 T delivers 20 percent better fuel economy, providing longer run times between refueling, and an improved filtration system allows for 30 percent longer operation between filter maintenance. All this plus additional power.“ When I am at work climbing tree after tree, I need a chain saw with the most aggressive power,” said Mark Chisholm, certified arborist with Aspen Tree Expert Company in <st1:state w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New Jersey and threetime International Society of Arboriculture Tree Climbing Champion. “If I can add 20 percent more fuel efficiency and lose 70 percent emissions and not compromise any performance – it's a no brainer.”The MS 201 T chain saw is designed with user comfort in mind, featuring improved ergonomics to reduce operator fatigue, including reduced vibration. For “intree” cutting, the tophandle design provides good balance and is ideal for use in the confined conditions of “in the tree” work. The Master Control Lever T M provides easier starting, operating and stopping.The STIHL MS 201 T will be the chain saw arborists will turn to for reliability, fuel efficiency, and longer run times, lessening their impact on the environment with reduced exhaust emissions.For more information on the STIHL MS 201 T, visit /chainsaws/MS201T.html. For more information on STIHL Inc., visit .About STIHL Inc.:STIHL Inc. manufactures the number one selling brand of gasolinepowered handheld outdoor power equipment in America for homeowners and professional landscapers*, as well as the number one selling brand of chain saws in the world. STIHL products are sold through servicing power equipment retailers from coast to coast — not mass merchants. STIHL products sold through U.S. STIHL dealers are for distribution in the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:countryregionw:st="on">United States</st1:countryregion> only. For more information or for the name of a local STIHL retailer, call toll free 1800GO STIHL (18004678445) or visit the STIHL dealer locator on the STIHL website at .*"Number one selling brand" is based on syndicated Irwin Broh Research (commercial landscapers) as well as independent consumer research of 2010 U.S. sales and market share data for the gasolinepowered handheld outdoor power equipment category combined sales to consumers and commercial landscapers.STIHL is pleased to support the work of Independent We Stand , the Tree Research and Education Endowment Fund (TREE Fund) , International Society of Arboriculture (ISA ), the Tree Care Industry Association (TCIA) , National FFA , Professional Landcare Network (PLANET) , the American Tree Farm System (ATFS) , National Hispanic Landscape Alliance and the National Association of State Park Directors .MS 201 T Specifications Professional InTree Use OnlyDISPLACEMENT35.2 cc (2.14 cu. in.)ENGINE POWER 1.8 kW (2.41 bhp)POWERHEAD WEIGHT 3.71 kg (8.16 lbs.)GUIDE BAR LENGTHS* (Recommended ranges)30 to 40 cm (12" to 16")FUEL CAPACITY310 cc (10.5 oz.)CHAIN OIL CAPACITY220 cc (7.4 oz.)OILOMATIC® CHAIN63 PS3STIHL recommends #3636 (63 PS3 50) OILOMATIC® saw chain and 14" 3005 000 7409 STIHL ROLLOMATIC® E or STIHL ROLLOMATIC® E Light guide bar combination. The actual listed guide bar length can vary from the effective cutting length depending upon which power head it is installed.。
烛式过滤器的操作规程The operation procedure of a candle filter involves several steps and considerations to ensure its proper functioning and maintenance. This procedure is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and longevity of the filter. In this response, I will explain the operation procedure of a candle filter from multiple perspectives, including preparation, installation, operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and safety considerations.Firstly, before operating a candle filter, it is essential to prepare the necessary materials and equipment. This includes the filter candles, filter housing, appropriate sealing materials, filter aid, and any required tools for installation and maintenance. Additionally, ensure that the filter candles are clean and free from any damage or defects that could affect their performance.Next, the installation process of the candle filter should be carried out carefully. Start by inspecting thefilter housing to ensure it is clean and free from any debris or contaminants. Then, install the filter candles into the housing, making sure they are properly aligned and securely fitted. Use the appropriate sealing materials to ensure a tight and leak-free connection between the filter candles and the housing.Once the candle filter is installed, it can be put into operation. Before starting the filtration process, it is crucial to pre-coat the filter candles with a filter aid. This helps to improve the filter's efficiency by creating a porous layer on the candles' surface, which enhances the filtration process. The filter aid can be added manually or through an automated system, depending on the specific requirements of the filtration application.During the operation of the candle filter, it is important to monitor and control various parameters to ensure optimal performance. This includes monitoring the pressure drop across the filter, which indicates the accumulation of solids and the need for cleaning or replacement of the filter candles. Additionally, the flowrate of the feed material should be controlled to prevent overloading the filter and to maintain a consistentfiltration rate.Regular maintenance is crucial for the proper functioning of a candle filter. This involves periodic cleaning or replacement of the filter candles, depending on their condition and the filtration application. Cleaning can be done by backwashing or by using a suitable cleaning solution to remove accumulated solids from the filter candles. It is also important to inspect and maintain the filter housing and any associated equipment to ensure their integrity and performance.In the event of any issues or malfunctions with the candle filter, troubleshooting should be conducted promptly to identify and rectify the problem. This may involve checking for leaks, inspecting the filter candles for damage, or adjusting the operating parameters to optimize the filtration process. If necessary, consulting the manufacturer's guidelines or seeking expert assistance can help in troubleshooting and resolving any issueseffectively.Finally, safety considerations are paramount when operating a candle filter. It is important to follow all safety procedures and guidelines provided by the manufacturer. This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, when handling chemicals or performing maintenance tasks. Additionally, ensure that the filter is operated within its specified operating conditions to prevent any potential hazards or accidents.In conclusion, the operation procedure of a candlefilter involves various steps and considerations to ensure its efficient performance and longevity. From preparation and installation to operation, maintenance, troubleshooting, and safety considerations, each aspect plays a crucial role in maintaining the filter's functionality. By following these procedures and guidelines, the candle filter can effectively remove solids and contaminants from the feed material, contributing to improved process efficiency and product quality.。
贤小球滤过率的标准英文回答:The standard for the filtration rate of a wise little ball can vary depending on the specific context and requirements. However, generally speaking, a highfiltration rate is desirable as it indicates the efficiency and effectiveness of the ball in filtering out unwanted substances or particles.One common standard for filtration rate is based on the size of particles that the ball can effectively filter. For example, a wise little ball may have a filtration rate of 0.1 microns, meaning it can effectively filter outparticles that are 0.1 microns or larger in size. This can be particularly important in applications where fine particles or contaminants need to be removed, such as in water or air filtration systems.Another standard for filtration rate may be based onthe flow rate or volume of liquid or gas that the ball can effectively filter within a certain time frame. For instance, a wise little ball may have a filtration rate of 10 liters per minute, indicating that it can filter up to10 liters of liquid or gas per minute. This can be crucialin situations where a high volume of filtration is required, such as in industrial or commercial settings.It's important to note that the filtration rate is not the only factor to consider when evaluating the performance of a wise little ball. Other factors, such as thedurability, maintenance requirements, and cost-effectiveness, should also be taken into account. Additionally, different industries or applications may have their own specific standards or requirements for filtration rate.In conclusion, the standard for the filtration rate ofa wise little ball can vary depending on the specific context and requirements. It can be based on the size of particles that the ball can effectively filter or the flow rate or volume of liquid or gas that it can filter within acertain time frame. Ultimately, a high filtration rate is desirable to ensure efficient and effective filtration.中文回答:贤小球的滤过率标准可以根据具体的环境和要求而有所不同。
Instruction Sheet:BHA Preveil ePTFE Membrane Fabric Filter Installation Procedures and Cleaning Cycle Recommendations for Pulse-Jet CollectorsProtecting Your Assets and Ensuring Purity for Our WorldWe protect and purify using diverse solutions engineered for your unique application. Never failing you is where we build our pride. We use our expertise to find the best filtration solution for your specific business goals. Our knowledge and filtration expertise are what sets us apart. We always bring the next generation of technologies to the market.State-of-the-art labs. Advanced filtration research. A leading global provider of innovative filtration technologies and solutions offering superior industry knowledge, thought leadership and exceptional customer service, with a passion for building high-performance products ensuring a safer, cleaner and more sustainable environment.World-class manufacturing processes. You will find we produce top quality filtration solutions through rigorous manufacturing methods. And, as a global company with an expansive network strategically located around the world, we provide superior localized services and support to you.Application engineering experience for any filtration challenge. Our ability to design a solution to fit your application begins with engineering expertise; proven by hundreds of global installations supported by local teams with application and industry experience to deliver the industry-leading performance you expect.We Are Your Filtration ResourceAftermarket Dust Collection Filters and PartsWe know you value and trust our quality, technical expertise, and industry-leading design and innovation when it comes to dust collection and air filtration. We take that trust very seriously. That means we don’t sell just any solution. We work hard to understand your specific needs to provide the right answer. That commitment that honesty is fundamental to what we do. It’s at our core. It’s who we are.© 2018 Parker Hannifin CorporationPB180409-053Parker Hannifin CorporationIndustrial Gas Filtration and Generation Division11501 Outlook Street, Suite 100Overland Park, KS 66211 USAp: 800.821.2222 | f: 816.353.1873e:*********************。
纳米颗粒功能化陶瓷膜英文回答:Nanoparticle functionalized ceramic membranes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. These membranes are composed of a ceramic material that is modified with nanoparticles to enhance their performance and functionality.One of the key advantages of using nanoparticle functionalized ceramic membranes is their improved separation efficiency. The addition of nanoparticles to the ceramic matrix can significantly increase the surface area of the membrane, allowing for more efficient separation of molecules or particles. This is especially beneficial in applications such as water purification, where the removal of contaminants is crucial.Furthermore, nanoparticle functionalized ceramicmembranes can also exhibit enhanced selectivity. By carefully selecting the type and size of nanoparticles, it is possible to tailor the membrane's properties to selectively separate specific molecules or ions. This can be particularly useful in applications such as gas separation or ion exchange.In addition to improved separation efficiency and selectivity, nanoparticle functionalized ceramic membranes also offer enhanced stability and durability. The nanoparticles can help to reinforce the ceramic matrix, making it more resistant to mechanical stress and chemical degradation. This makes them suitable for use in harsh environments or in processes that involve aggressive chemicals.Moreover, the functionalization of ceramic membranes with nanoparticles opens up new possibilities for the development of advanced functionalities. For example, nanoparticles with catalytic properties can be incorporated into the membrane to enable simultaneous separation and reaction processes. This can be advantageous inapplications such as membrane reactors or catalytic membrane filtration.Overall, nanoparticle functionalized ceramic membranes have the potential to revolutionize various industries by offering improved separation efficiency, enhanced selectivity, and advanced functionalities. Further research and development in this field are needed to fully explore their capabilities and optimize their performance.中文回答:纳米颗粒功能化陶瓷膜近年来受到了广泛关注,其独特的特性和潜在应用在各个领域中备受青睐。
aerospaceclimate controlelectromechanicalRacor Filter Division Hydrocarbon Filter Vessels and ElementsParker Filtration’s global reputation as a reliablesupplier of superior filtration products is the result ForfurtherinformationEmail:*************************Plant expansionHydrocarbon FiltrationAutomotiveand Industrial Fuel FiltrationEngine Air Filtration SystemsMarine FiltrationCONTENTS6 – 78 – 1112 – 1314 – 1516 – 174 – 5Over 30 years of innovation, over 30 years of quality…Racor Fuelled UpHydrocarbonQualificationsFBO Filter ElementsRVFS SeriesElements2018 – 19Rre Filter Vessels1983196919851989199219951997200020021969It all began with a patented,and exceptionally efficient new way to remove water, dirt, rust and algae from diesel fuel.Diesel FuelTechnology1983Aquabloc ®filters debut, and RacorFilter/Separators make another significant leap in filtration efficiency.1985Racor becomes a division of ParkerHannifin Corporation, further strengthening one of the world’s most respected brands.GrowthQuality1989Racor earns Ford Q1 certification, the first ina series of quality awards from one of the world's leading engine and equipment manufacturers.Oil1992Every bit as vital and every bit as dirty asfuel.The Racor solution is an ingenious one, a cleanable oil filter that puts an end to frequent filter changes and disposal.CCV Products1995Racor starts cleaning up engine roomswith a crankcase ventilation system that keeps oily blow-by from damaging turbo chargers and other precision components.Racor Hydrocarbon1997Racor Hydrocarbon Filters and Vesselsdebut – offering customers flow rates to 1000 gpm and higher.UK Facility2000Having moved out of Morley into a purpose built factoryat nearby Dewsbury in 1998 Racor sees significant growth in Europe. 2000 saw the expansion of manufacturing capability to include all spin on series filters, and the establishment of a state-of -the-art design and test, research and development facility.High performance air filters2002Racor purchases Farr opening up opportunities in medium andheavy duty Engine Air applications.Industrial Filter Separator Vessels21Pressure Filter Vessel Summary2223More from ParkerRacorFuel Monitor VesselsIn Europe Morley, West Yorkshire in the UK becomes the centre of excellence in Europe.Fluid Condition MonitoringFrom the Refinery to the ForecourtOver the last 30 years Racor has become the premium name to trust in Marine and Automotive fuel filtration and water separation. With advanced fuel filtration laboratories in the USA and Europe and new ones planned for Asia and South America, with separate 2500GPM API/IP test facilities in the USA,Racor will continue leading the market in advanced fuel filtration technology It should therefore be of little surprise that Racor should utilise this breadth of experience in the fuel supply industry, producing Aviation Fuel API/IP 1581qualified water separators,1590 particulate filters and 1583 monitors, as well as Approved Vessels interchangeable products.From the refinery to the injector, at the terminal and on the forecourt, Racor has a solution to your fuel delivery needs.With engine tolerances getting tighter, whilstinjection pressures increase,the need for high quality conditioning designed to complement on-board RefineryAirportFiltration requirements will vary depending on local fuel quality.TerminalIndustrial & Marine Fuel ApplicationsPetrol ForecourtMulti-Product Pipeline Dedicated Pipeline Road Transport Refueler Dispenser Sea Cargo Aircraft Helicopter Fuel DrumsFuel StorageFloating JunctionUnderground Storagealso considered as direct supply.FMI Fuel Monitor elements will absorbchecks for aviation and diesel fuels.A quick 2 minute test will allow you toconsistent reliable and repeatable way than traditional clear and bright methods.The minimum filtration requirement of Jet-A/A1 into Airports and drum filling,is a filter (FWS) meeting the requirements of AP/IP1581 current addition.Injection molded nylon end capsassure tolerances equaled only inmachined parts. Nylon resinseliminate corrosion problems andoffer improved chemical andSymmetric layering of high efficiencyglass media into depth media caneliminate the need for metal center tubes– even in qualifying coalescer cartridges75 psi pressure requirements.Racor Division has been recognizedas the global leader in fuel filtrationapplications. Racor vessels, combined with Racorfilter elements, offer customers finer filtration,cleaner, drier hydrocarbonBy utilizing the latest computer-aided design tools, the engineering team takesspecific application requirements and quickly develops the necessary components to manufacture vessels and elements that meet industry codes and customer-specific requirements.Racor’s emphasis on advanced engineering is combined with a company-wide focus on uncompromising quality and premier customer service. This concentrated effort means that customers receive on-time delivery of the highest quality filtration systems available and that they meet the demanding requirements for performance and service life.C A R B O N F I L T E R E L E M E N T SGlass filled nylon end caps are standard,eliminating corrosion and offering excellent thermal stability and high impact resistance.Buna-N gaskets standard. Other options available.HIF corelessconfiguration.HIF ‘W’ petitor crossreferences.Synthetic Pleated Media Cartridges FS Series• 4 times the filtrationsurface area of comparable product available from competitors.•99.7% efficiency atstated element rating.•Designed and tested tomeet stringent requirements of API/IP 1590 Specifications and qualification procedures for aviation fuel microfilters. (Consult factory to obtain qualification test report).Micron ratings of 1 and 5 (approved) 10 and 25.HYDROCARBON FILTER ELEMENTSE L E M E N T SQualified to API/IP specification 1583.Qualification for Aviation Fuel Monitors with Absorbent Type Element.Separator Elementsstandard (Viton available on request)Multi-layered media for maximum solids holding –with absorbent media cross linked to trap and Works in the presence of fuel additives an surfactantsas specified in the API/IP Specification1583Interior and exterior media migration Micron ratings1, 5, 10 and 30.•Removes free andemulsified water to less than 5 PPM.•Water absorbingcapacity to four quarts depending upon cartridge size.•Progressive low flowrates or rapid differential pressure rise alert operators changeout is needed.•Spin-onfilters also Collapse pressureend caps are standard.Buna N gaskets standard.Recommended cartridgechangeout 20 PSID.cast filter head with four bolts. The slotted element change outs. With new element rotate into position on the locking ring The closure hardware consists of stainless steel nuts, bolts and washers with metal Maximum Flow Rates Prefilter 5-40 gpm 20Filter Sep 5-35 gpm 18Absorber5-25 gpm18Flow Range Diesel Jet Fuel Gasoline Delta P Delta PFBO-10Clean Dry ChangeFlow Range Diesel Jet Fuel Gasoline Delta P Delta PFBO-14Performance Specifications10FBO-60355 25FBO-6033551"Optional Accessories Automatic air eliminator Pressure relief valve Differential pressureLiquid level gaugewaterSupport stand ApplicationsFMI Monitor InstallationConnections• Inlet and Outlet:2 inch NPT•Main Drain and LiquidLevel Ports: 1/2 inch NPT•Vent and PressureRelief Connection: •Pressure Gauge/Sample Ports:1/8 inch NPT16, FS, and HIF coreless, high efficiency micronic series elements. Racor hydrocarbon filter housings are designed for removing solid contaminants such as dirt, rust, pipe Racor hydrocarbon vessels are designed for a single pass through the high efficiency element for clean • Inlet and Outlet: Style 1 – 3000# coupling Style 2 & 3 – 150# RF • Vent and relief valve: 3/4 inch NPT •Inlet and outlet permanently marked •Interior: epoxy-coated MIL–C–4556 E •Exterior: prime coated • Knife-edge cartridge mounting seals • Rod mount cartridge hardware• Stamped name plateOptional Accessories •Automatic air eliminator • Differential pressure gauge • Pressure relief valve • Manual drain valve •Sampling probesStyle 1Style 2Style 3Custom designs available. *Dimensions are reference only. For exact dimensions, request drawing for applicable model number.Dimensional Datain RVMF-60-1-148 5/8RVMF-120-1-288 5/8RVMF-200-1-448 5/8RVMF-40O-2-4414RVMF-600-3-4416RVMF-800-4-4418RVMF-1200-6-4420RVMF-2200-11-4428RVMF-3600-18-4436RVMF-520O-26-44421067A Model No.Features•Carbon steel construction; other materials available•10.34 bar ASME Code, Section VIII construction, stamped and certified •Yellow zinc-plated swing bolt closure •Buna-N o-ring cover seal •Hydraulic jack cover lift•Inlet and outlet permanently marked •Interior: epoxy-coated MIL-C-4556 E •Exterior: prime coated•Knife-edge cartridge mounting seals •Stamped name plate19INDUSTRIAL FILTER SEPARATOR VESSELSIndustrial Filter/Separator VesselsStandard Housing Data and Flow RatesMaximum Recommended Flow Rates At These ViscositiesModel No.1 CS 2.2 CS3 CS4 CS5 CS6 CS 8 CS 10 CS 31.0 SSU 33.0 SSU 36.0 SSU 39.0 SSU 42.3 SSU 45.5 SSU 52.0 SSU 58.8 SSU G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM G PM LPM RVFS-222-122145 549115 43585 32265 24650 18940 15130 11425 95RVFS-244-233290 1098240 908180 681130 492100 37990 34160 22750 189RVFS-344-233435 1646340 1287250 946190 719150 568125 47390 34175 284RVFS-444-333580 2195480 1817360 1363260 984200 757180 681120 454100 379RVFS-456-436740 2801615 2328460 1741335 1268255 965230 871155 587130 492RVFS-656-5361100 4164915 3463675 2555500 1893385 1457335 1268230 871195 738RVFS-856-7361475 55831220 4618915 3463660 2498510 1930455 1722305 1154255 965RVFS-1056-9361850 70021530 57911150 4353830 3142640 2422570 2157380 1438320 1211RVFS-1256-11362220 84031835 69451375 5204995 3766765 2896685 2593455 1722380 1438RVFS-1456-13362585 97842140 81001605 60751160 4391895 3388800 3028530 2006445 1684RVFS-1656-15362955 111852445 92541835 69451325 50151020 3861915 3463610 2309510 1930RVFS-2056-19363695 139863060 115822295 86871655 62641275 48261140 4315760 2877635 2403RVFS-2456-23364435 167863670 138912755 104281990 75321530 57911370 5185915 3463765 2896RVFS-2856-27365175 195874280 162003215 121692320 87811785 67561600 60561065 4031895 3388Dimensional DataDimensional / Physical InformationModel No.Inlet/Outlet Flange Main Drain NPT A B C D Dry Weight Liquid Volume in. mm in. mm in.mm in. mm in. mm in. mm Lbs. Kgs.Gal. Ltr.RVFS-222-1222 51 1 2516 40652 1321 6 15217 432620 28135 132RVFS-244-233 3 76 1 2518 45777 1956 6 15223 584720 32760 227RVFS-344-2334 102 1 2520 50878 1981 6 15228 711850 38680 303RVFS-444-333 4 102 1 2524 61080 2032 6 15228 7111000 454115 435RVFS-456-436 6 152 1 2524 61097 24647.5 19136 9141100 499140 530RVFS-656-536 6 152 1.5 3828 711108 27437.5 19136 9141400 635200 757RVFS-856-7368 203 1.5 3832 813114 28969 22946 11681900 862270 1022RVFS-1056-9368 203 1.5 3836 914115 29219 22948 12192300 1043365 1382RVFS-1256-11368 203 1.5 3838 965116 29469 22948 12192500 1134415 1571RVFS-1456-133610 254 2 5142 1067118 299710 25454 13723400 1542530 2006RVFS-1656-153610 254 2 5148 1219120 304810 25460 15243800 1724580 2195RVFS-2056-193612 305 2 5154 1372125 317512 30569 17534500 2041900 3407RVFS-2456-233612 305 2 5160 1524129 327712 30571 18035700 25851160 4391RVFS-2856-273614 356 2 516616761433632143568020326500 29481390 5261Element OptionsCoalescer / Separator Element Selection Information NumberModel No.Coalescer .5 Mic. 1 Mic.2 Mic. 5 Mic. 25 Mic. Separator Silicone Treated Paper Element Quantity"32 Series""54 Series""55 Series" "58 Series" "78 Series" Element Quantity "05 Series"RVFS-222-1222CP-22632-TB CP-22654-TB CP-22655-TB CP-22658-TB CP-22678-TB 1SP-22605-S RVFS-244-2332CP-44632-TB CP-44654-TB CP-44655-TB CP-44658-TB CP-44678-TB 2SP-33605-S RVFS-344-2333CP-44632-TB CP-44654-TB CP-44655-TB CP-44658-TB CP-44678-TB 2SP-33605-S RVFS-444-3334CP-44632-TB CP-44654-TB CP-44655-TB CP-44658-TB CP-44678-TB 3SP-33605-S RVFS-456-4364CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 4SP-36605-S RVFS-656-5366CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 5SP-36605-S RVFS-856-7368CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 7SP-36605-S RVFS-1056-93610CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 9SP-36605-S RVFS-1256-113612CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 11SP-36605-S RVFS-1456-133614CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 13SP-36605-S RVFS-1656-153616CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 15SP-36605-S RVFS-2056-19320CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 19SP-36605-S RVFS-2456-233624CP-56632-TB CP-56654-TB CP-56655-TB CP-56658-TB CP-56678-TB 23SP-36605-S RVFS-2856-273628CP-56632-TBCP-56654-TBCP-56655-TBCP-56658-TBCP-56678-TB27SP-36605-Sequipped with FM 2” Series cartridges. The FMIaddition, they are not disarmed when surfactants and fuel additives are present.Features•Carbon steel construction; other material available F U E L M O N I T O R V E S S E L Sprocesses to meet industryFlow Rates Fuels Elements Inlet/OutletJet A, Jet A 1FS PleatedUp to 5,OOO gpm JP 4,5,8 FP Pleated NPT22Fluid Condition MonitoringF L U I D C O N D I T I O N M O N I T O R I N GApplications•Determination of particle size distribution forfilter testing.•Determination of water content in fuel.•Filter performance monitoring.•Pipeline commission trials.•Future development for telemetric analysis.Current practice in the aviation industry is to use a visual, ‘clear and bright’ test to make sure that the fuel being supplied from our refineries is free from solid matter and undissolved water at normal ambient temperatures.This test is subjective and cannot detect those contaminates that can really do damage to the engine and its critical tolerance fuel control components in todays modern aero engines.• Particle counting has been in lab environments since the 1960’s.• Recognised as an industry approved method.• Counts particulate distribution in hydraulic fluids.• Conforms with IS0/NASand SAE standards.• Lab performance in the field.• Small, portable and self powered data storage.• Dynamic 2 minute test procedure.• Simple operation.• Calibration to ISO standards (ISO 11171).• Particle counts per ml.• Sample particle distribution analysis.• Connects to exsisiting aviation sampling points.Parker Filtration’s global reputation as a reliable supplier of superiorSystemsFresh air. That’s whatIt’s easy to see whyParker Racor is themost trusted name inParker Racor fuel andoil filtration systemsParker WorldwideAE – UAE,DhabiTel: +971 4 8875600parker.me@AR – Argentina,Buenos AiresTel: +54 3327 44 4129AT – Austria,Wiener NeustadtTel: +43 (0)2622 23501-0parker.austria@AT – Eastern Europe,Wiener NeustadtTel: +43 (0)2622 23501 970parker.easteurope@AU – Australia,Castle HillTel: +61 (0)2-9634 7777AZ – Azerbaijan,BakuTel: +994 50 2233 458parker.azerbaijan@BE /LX – Belgium,NivellesTel: +32 (0)67 280 900parker.belgium@BR – Brazil,Cachoeirinha RSTel: +55 51 3470 9144BY – Belarus,MinskTel: +375 17 209 9399parker.belarus@CA – Canada,Milton, OntarioTel: +1 905 693 3000CH – Switzerland,EtoyTel: +41 (0) 21 821 02 30parker.switzerland@CN – China,ShanghaiTel: +86 21 5031 2525CZ – Czech Republic,KlecanyTel: +420 284 083 111parker.czechrepublic@DE – Germany,KaarstTel: +49 (0)2131 4016 0parker.germany@DK – Denmark,BallerupTel: +45 43 56 04 00parker.denmark@ES – Spain,MadridTel: +34 902 33 00 01parker.spain@FI – Finland,VantaaTel: +358 (0)20 753 2500parker.finland@FR – France,Contamine-s/ArveTel: +33 (0)4 50 25 80 25parker.france@©2008 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.RU – Russia,MoscowTel: +7 495 645-2156parker.russia@SE – Sweden,SpångaTel: +46 (0)8 59 79 50 00parker.sweden@SG – SingaporeTel: +65 6887 6300SL – Slovenia,Banska BystricaTel: +421 484 162 252parker.slovenia@SL – Slovenia,Novo MestoTel: +386 7 337 6650parker.slovenia@TH – Thailand,BangkokTel: +662 717 8140TR – Turkey,IstanbulTel: +90 216 4997081parker.turkey@TW – Taiwan,TaipeiTel: +886 2 2298 8987UA – Ukraine,KievTel +380 44 494 2731raine@UK – United Kingdom,WarwickTel: +44 (0)1926 317 878@US – USA,ClevelandTel: +1 216 896 3000VE – Venezuela,CaracasTel: +58 212 238 5422ZA – South Africa,Kempton ParkTel: +27 (0)11 961 0700parker.southafrica@European Product Information CentreFree phone: 00 800 27 27 5374(from AT, BE, CH, CZ, DE, DK, EE, EI,ES,FI, FR, IT, NL, NO, PL, RU, SE, SK,UK, ZA)GR – Greece,AthensTel: +30 210 933 6450parker.greece@HK – Hong KongTel: +852 2428 8008HU – Hungary,BudapestTel: +36 1 220 4155parker.hungary@IE – Ireland,DublinTel: +353 (0)1 466 6370parker.ireland@IN – India,MumbaiTel: +91 22 6513 7081-85IT – Italy,Corsico (MI)Tel: +39 02 45 19 21parker.italy@JP – Japan,FujisawaTel: +(81) 4 6635 3050KR – South Korea,SeoulTel: +82 2 559 0400KZ – Kazakhstan,AlmatyTel: +7 7272 505 800parker.easteurope@LV – Latvia,RigaTel: +371 745 2601tvia@MX – Mexico,ApodacaTel: +52 81 8156 6000MY – Malaysia,Subang JayaTel: +60 3 5638 1476NL – The Netherlands,OldenzaalTel: +31 (0)541 585 000parker.nl@NO – Norway,SkiTel: +47 64 91 10 00parker.norway@NZ – New Zealand,Mt WellingtonTel: +64 9 574 1744PL – Poland,WarsawTel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00parker.poland@PT – Portugal,Leca da PalmeiraTel: +351 22 999 7360parker.portugal@RO – Romania,BucharestTel: +40 21 252 1382parker.romania@Parker Hannifin (UK) LtdRacor Filter Division EuropeTel: +44 (0) 1924 487037Email: filtrationinfo@/rfdeCatalogue FDRB137GB1 10/2008Your local authorised Parker distributor。
Data Sheet BenefitsViresolve® Pro Solution:High-productivity Virus Filtration• Improved process economics with high mass capacity • High flux for faster processing• Consistent batch-to-batch performance• Easy to install, use and integrity test• Caustic sanitizable Viresolve® Pro Device:Robust Parvovirus Clearance• ≥ 4.0 log removal of parvovirus• Devices are 100% integrity tested with air/water diffusion and Binary Gas• Robust retention maintained during process interruption/depressurizationViresolve® Pro Solution Proven viral safety solution designed to provide the highest levels of retention assurance and productivityRobust. Productive. Proven.The Viresolve® Pro Solution provides a comprehensive, flexible template solution for virus filtration in biologics manufacturing. This proven viral clearance solution delivers the highest levels of retention assurance and processing efficiency across a broad range of feed streams.The Viresolve® Pro Solution is comprised of the innovative, high-performing Viresolve® Pro Devicein conjunction with the Viresolve® Pro Shield or the Viresolve® Pro Shield H prefilters. These products are designed to work togther to meet your needs providing high parvovirus retention, capacity and flux. Our industry-leading products and services, coupled with our viral clearance expertise, will help you successfully develop, implement, and validate theViresolve®Pro Solution.The life science business of Merck operates as MilliporeSigma in the U.S. and Canada.2Prefilters: Viresolve ® Pro Shield & Viresolve ® Pro Shield HProvides robust adsorptive (cation/mixed-mode) prefiltration to remove fouling protein aggregates • Enhance throughput and process robustness of Viresolve ® Pro Devices • Effective across a broad range of pH and conductivity conditionsEnhanced Process RobustnessFor feed streams with high levels of fouling proteinaggregates, the Viresolve ® Pro Shield or Viresolve ® Pro Shield H can be used to improve the capacity of the Viresolve ® Pro Device.These membrane prefilters adsorb protein aggregates that foul or plug the pores in the Viresolve ® Promembrane. Viresolve ® Pro Shield and Viresolve ® Pro Shield H have different membrane surface modifications to maximize adsorption of protein aggregates under a broad range pH and conductivity conditions (Figure 1).The Viresolve ® Pro Prefilter Selector Guide(TB1140EN00) provides guidance and information on prefilter selection.Virus Filter: Viresolve ® Pro DeviceProvides robust viral clearance• ≥ 4.0 logs of Minute Virus of Mice clearance • ≥ 5.0 logs of Murine Leukemia Virus clearance • Delivers high capacityHigh Virus RetentionRetention performance of the Viresolve ® Pro Micro 40 Devices, containing two lots of membrane, was evaluated under aggressive processing conditions. Testing was performed with a monoclonal antibody feed stream at 60 psi to a filtration endpoint of90% flow decay, followed by a 20 L/m 2 buffer flush. Samples were collected from final filtrate pools and a summary of calculated log reduction values (LRV) is shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from the results, the Viresolve ® Pro Solution achieved at least 5.8 logs of MVM retention. These results demonstrate robust virus clearance, even out to 90% flow decay, at high pressure.Virus retention performance of the Viresolve ® Pro Solution under a range of processing conditions is summarized in the application note Virus Retention Performance of Viresolve ® Pro Devices under a Range of Processing Conditions(WP3374EN).Figure 1.Contour plot showing the optimal pH and conductivity conditions for Viresolve ® Pro Shield and Viresolve ® Pro Shield H.654p HFigure 2.Summary of MVM results for two membrane lots of Viresolve Pro® Micro 40 Devices.0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.0M V M F i n a l P o o l L R VLot 1Lot 2Building QualityThe virus retention performance and integrity of Viresolve® Pro Devices is assured with ourcomprehensive approach to quality.Assuring RetentionRetention performance is assured with our proprietary Binary Gas test which detects defects as small as 3-5 microns, that cannot be detected using a traditional air/ water diffusion test, Figure 3. This high sensitivity test is especially valuable for Viresolve® Pro Devices, where small defects could impact virus retention performance. Every Viresolve® Pro Device must pass Binary Gas testing before release, assuring the highest levels of virus retention for your filtration operations.End-UserIntegrityTesting andValidationMembrane& DeviceRelease TestsProcess& ProductValidationDevice 100%Integrity Tested inManufacturingIntegral Viresolve®Pro Membrane Non-Integral Viresolve® Pro MembraneSlow GasFast GasFigure 3.Principles of Binary Gas Test. This proprietary test measures the composition of a mixture of two gases on the upstream and downstream sides of the Viresolve® Pro membrane to detect defects as small as 3-5 microns in size.34High Capacity and FluxThe Viresolve ® Pro Solution efficiently processes feed streams of different pH, conductivities and proteinconcentrations. When used upstream of Viresolve ® Pro Devices, Viresolve ® Pro Shield and Shield H enhance the throughput and processing robustness of filtration operations.Figure 4 shows the results of throughput testing with Viresolve ® Pro Devices alone (A) or in conjunction with Viresolve ® Pro Shield and Shield H (B). In most cases, implementing the prefilter increased the capacity of the Viresolve ® Pro Device by an average of two-fold. The Viresolve ® Pro Solution enables rapid processing delivering mass flux in the 1.25-2.5 kg/m 2/hr range.768109543210M a s s C a p a c i t y (k g /m ) f o r ≤ 4-H o u r P r o c e s s T i m eFeed Protein Concentration (g/L)Figure 4A.Mass capacity on Viresolve ® Pro Devices with mAbs of different protein concentrations. In all cases, processing time was less than four hours.Figure 4B.Mass capacity of the Viresolve ® Pro Solution across a range of pH and conductivities. In all cases, processing was stopped at 75% flow decay or four hours.Shield H + DeviceShield + Device Device onlyV i r e s o l v e P r o V o r 4 h r s . (k g /m )Conductivity (mS/cm)3 6.5101620144545452013Flexible ManufacturingThe Viresolve® Pro Shield, Viresolve® Pro Shield H and Viresolve® Pro Devices are easily integrated into flexible, easy-to-use systems for pilot to full-scale manufacturing.Viresolve® Pro/Pro+ Magnus Holders for Viresolve® Pro SolutionViresolve® Magnus Holders are designed for large volume processing. The Viresolve® Pro Magnus Holder is designed to run the Viresolve® Pro Device alone, while the Viresolve® Pro+ Magnus Holder is designed to run the Viresolve® Pro Device coupled with either the Viresolve® Pro Shield or Shield H.• Quick and easy loading and unloading• No product contact• Minimized holder footprint with vertical orientation • Rods in multiple lengths for various sized installations • Simple manual hydraulics Mobius® FlexReady Solution for Virus FiltrationThe Mobius® FlexReady Solution for large-scalevirus filtration is an easy-to-use system featuring an optimized single-use flow path designed to fully support your virus filtration needs.For more information on the Mobius® FlexReady Solution for large scale virus filtration, refer todatasheet DS1259EN00.Viresolve® Pro+ Magnus Holder Viresolve® Pro Magnus Holder Mobius® FlexReady Solution5Partner with a leader in viral safetyVirus Filtration Process Development Service Optimizing a virus filtration process involves evaluatingthe effects of multiple process parameters to identify conditions that will ensure a robust, consistent, and economical operation. We work side-by-side with development engineers and manufacturers, helping them develop efficient, cost-effective filtration operations.We can help you:• Maximize filtration efficiency• Maximize process robustness• Meet your economic targets Viral Clearance ServicesViral clearance studies are critical to the validation of downstream processes, ensuring sufficient reductionof potential viral contaminants during downstream processing.BioReliance® viral clearance studies are designedand executed by experts in regulatory, downstream processing, and virology at our facilities in Singapore, the U.S., and the UK. Our global experts can support you with your IND and BLA studies in accordanceto regulatory guidelines for monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and plasma derivatives. Our dedicated project management support and local teams of experienced technical experts accelerate your time to results and minimize risk as you bring your product to market.Virus Filter Implementation ServiceOur engineers can leverage the results of bench-scale studies to help implement your pilot or production scale virus filtration operation. This streamlines implementation and avoids the pitfalls that can impactproduction timelines and process economics.6Nominal Dimensions and WeightsViresolve® Pro Shield, Viresolve® Pro Shield H, Viresolve® Pro Devices, and HoldersMicro 40Height: 4.03 cm (1.59 in.)Diameter: 4.37 cm (1.72 in.)3.4 cm2Empty: 14.73 gramsModus 1.1Length: 18.62 cm (7.33 in.)Width: 9.22 cm (3.63 in.)Height: 5.92 cm (2.33 in.)0.017 m2Empty: 0.37 Kg (0.8 lbs)Modus 1.2Length: 18.62 cm (7.33 in.)Width: 9.22 cm (3.63 in.)Height: 7.85 cm (3.09 in.)0.07 m2Empty: 0.63 Kg (1.4 lbs)Modus 1.3Length: 18.62 cm (7.33 in.)Width: 9.22 cm (3.63 in.)Height: 13.56 cm (5.34 in.)0.22 m2Empty: 1.39 Kg (3.1 lbs)Magnus 2.1Length: 34.30 cm (13.50 in.)Width: 20.96 cm (8.25 in.)Height: 4.42 cm (1.74 in.)0.51 m2Empty: 2.6 Kg (5.7 lbs)Full of water: 3.4 Kg (7.5 lbs)Magnus 2.2Length: 34.30 cm (13.50 in.)Width: 20.96 cm (8.25 in.)Height: 9.50 cm (3.74 in.)1.53 m2Empty: 5.8 Kg (12.8 lbs)Full of water: 8.3 Kg (18.3 lbs)Viresolve® Pro Magnus Holder (VPMH103000 / VPMH105000 / VPMH107000)Length: 78 cm (30.9 in.)Width: 76 cm (30 in.)Height: 127 cm (50 in.)Not Applicable141.5 Kg (312 lbs)Viresolve® Pro+ Magnus Holder (VPMH203000 / VPMH205000 / VPMH207000)Length: 104 cm (40.9 in.)Width: 76 cm (30 in.)Height: 127 cm (50 in.)Not Applicable186 Kg (410 lbs)Materials of ConstructionViresolve® Pro Shield, Viresolve® Pro Shield H, and Viresolve® Pro Devices, and HoldersMicro 40Polyethersulfone (PES)Bottom Endcap/Top Endcap: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)Not Applicable Modus 1.1,Modus 1.2,Modus 1.3,Magnus 2.1,Magnus 2.2Polyethersulfone (PES)Bottom Endcap/Top Endcap: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)SiliconeMicro 40Polyethersulfone (PES)Inlet Cap/Outlet Cap:Polypropylene/Polyethylene(copolymer)NotApplicableInlet and Vent: Female Luer-Lok™ FittingOutlet: Male Luer SlipModus 1.1, Modus 1.2, Modus 1.3Polyethersulfone (PES)Bottom Endcap/Top Endcap:Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)Silicone Inlet and Outlet: 1.91 cm (.75 in.) sanitary fittingsIntegrated Vent: 0.32 cm (0.125 in.) with hose barbwith double O-ring sealMagnus 2.1, Magnus 2.2Polyethersulfone (PES)Bottom Endcap/Top Endcap:Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)Silicone Inlet and Outlet: 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) sanitary fittingsVent: 1.90 cm (0.75 in.) sanitary fitting for the port* Fittings sold seperately7Materials of Construction (continued)Viresolve® Pro Shield, Viresolve® Pro Shield H and Viresolve® Pro Devices, and HoldersViresolve® Pro Magnus Holder Not Applicable Plates & Frames: 316 L stainless steel Not Applicable Not ApplicableClamp Rods: 300 series stainless steelFasteners, other components: 300 seriesstainless steelViresolve® Pro + Magnus Holder Not Applicable Plates & Frames: 316 L stainless steel Not Applicable Not Applicable Clamp Rods: 300 series stainless steelFasteners, other components: 300 seriesstainless steelFittings Kit Not Applicable Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)Silicone Not Applicable SpecificationsViresolve® Pro Shield, Viresolve® Pro Shield H and Viresolve® Pro DevicesGood Manufacturing Practices These products are manufactured in a facility that adheres to the company QualityManagement System based on current industry standard regulations and practices, whichinclude Current Good Manufacturing Practices outlined in 00002011EX.ISO® 9001 Quality Standard These products are manufactured in a facility whose Quality Management System is approvedby an accredited registering body to the appropriate ISO® 9001 Quality Systems Standard. Particulate and Bioburden These products are manufactured in an ISO® Class 8 (Per ISO® 14644-1) controlledenvironment for particulate classification only.Animal Origin All components used in the manufacturing of these products are either animal-free or incompliance with EMEA/410/01.USP <87> Biological Reactivity Tests Component materials for these products were tested and meet the criteria for non-cytotoxicityfor the USP <87> Cytoxicity L929 MEM Elution Tests.USP <88> Biological Reactivity Tests Component materials for these products were tested and meet the criteria for USP <88>Biological Reactivity Tests for Class VI Plastics.Bacterial Endotoxin An aqueous extract from these products contains less than 0.25 EU/mL as determined by theLimulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) test.Membrane Bacteriophage Retention Membrane samples exhibited ≥ 4.0 LRV of φX 174 bacteriophage at a minimum challengelevel of 107 pfu/cm2 in the presence of a model protein at V75.Bacteriophage Retention Viresolve® Pro Device samples exhibited ≥ 4.0 LRV of φX 174 bacteriophage at a minimumchallenge level of 107 pfu/cm2 in the presence of a model protein at V75.Non-Fiber Releasing These products are non-fiber releasing filters as defined in 21 CFR 210.3(b)(6).Hydraulic Stress Test Samples were integral based on an Air/ Water Diffusion Test, before and after a forward stressto 4.1 bar (60 psid) at 25°C.Manufacturing Integrity Test All Viresolve® Pro Micro 40 Devices included in the Viresolve® Pro Micro 40 Device Kit mustpass the Binary Gas Test.All Viresolve® Pro Modus and Magnus Devices must pass the Pressure Hold, Water Flow Rate,Air/Water Diffusion Test and Binary Gas Test.All Viresolve® Pro Shield and Viresolve® Pro Shield H must pass an aerosol particle challengeand housing pressure hold.All Viresolve® Pro Devices exhibited an air diffusion flow rate at 3.4 bar (50 psig) in water at25 °C of less than or equal to:• 0.7 cc/min per Viresolve® Pro Modus 1.1 Device• 2.7 cc/min per Viresolve® Pro Modus 1.2 Device• 8.8 cc/min per Viresolve® Pro Modus 1.3 Device• 20 cc/min per Viresolve® Pro Magnus 2.1 Device• 60 cc/min per Viresolve® Pro Magnus 2.2 DeviceCaustic Sanitization These products may be sanitized by one 60-minute flush at 1.8 bar (25 psig) in 0.5 NormalSodium Hydroxide at 25 °C followed by a maximum 16-hour static soak.8Ordering InformationViresolve® Pro Magnus Holder For 1 to 3 Viresolve® Pro Devices1VPMH103000For 1 to 5 Viresolve® Pro Devices1VPMH105000For 1 to 7 Viresolve® Pro Devices1VPMHRD01071VPMH203000 Viresolve® Pro+ Magnus Holder For 1 to 3 Viresolve® Pro Devices and1 to 3 Viresolve® Pro Shields or Viresolve® Pro Shield H1VPMH205000For 1 to 5 Viresolve® Pro Devices and1 to 5 Viresolve® Pro Shields or Viresolve® Pro Shield H1VPMH207000For 1 to 7 Viresolve® Pro Devices and1 to 7 Viresolve® Pro Shields or Viresolve® Pro Shield HSplit clamp insert1VPMHINSERTRod handle1VPMHRDKN0B Rods For 1 to 3 Viresolve® Pro Devices2VPMHRD0103For 1 to 5 Viresolve® Pro Devices2VPMHRD0105For 1 to 7 Viresolve® Pro Devices2VPMHRD0107Viresolve® Pro and Pro+ Magnus Holder1VPMHADAPSK Fittings Kit (three 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) sanitaryfittings, two 3.81 cm (1.5 in.) blanks, one 1.27cm (.5 in.) vent fitting and one 1.27 cm (.5 in.)blank)3.81 cm (1.5 in.) Sanitary fittings For feed/permeate port6VPMHADAPSF3.81 cm (1.5 in.) Blanks For feed/permeate port6VPMHADAPSB1.27 cm (.5 in.) Vent fittings For vent port6VPMHADAPVF1.27 cm (.5 in.) Vent blanks For vent6VPMHADAPVB Hydraulic pump1MP0DHYPUMP Pressure gauge1MP0DHYGAGE Hydraulic fluid (1 liter)1MP0DHFLUID9Lit. No. DS0006EN00 Ver. 12.02019-2540801/2020Ordering Information (continued)© 2020 Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and/or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Merck, the vibrant M, Millipore, Flexware, Mobius, and Viresolve are trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany or its affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Detailed information on trademarks is available via publicly accessible resources.To place an order or receive technical assistancePlease visit /contactPSFor additional information, please visit Merck KGaAFrankfurter Strasse 250 64293 Darmstadt, Germany。
CompressedAir FiltrationCompressed Air Filtration Filters | Coalescers | Absorbers | Elements | Mist EliminatorsIn any compressed air net distribution it is a must to install one or more filters. As a result, an improved air quality is achieved, which benefits your complete compressed Using only a single filter could result in saturation of the reduced air quality or end upprematurely replacing your elements.TECHNOLOGY YOU CAN TRUSTA V A I LAB I L I T Y S E R VI C E AB IL I T Y R E L I A B I L I T YP A R T N ER SH IPS I MP L I C I T YUser BenefitsBoost quality and productivity • Purify the compressed air by eliminating oil/dust contaminants • Higher final product quality• Increase your overall productivity Save costs• Prolong the life span of your operation process (machine/equipment...)• Reduce potential downtime• Annual service intervals to ensure optimal operations Easy operation and installation Compatible with any compressor technology• Can be installed quickly and into an existing network• Optional pressure drop device (indicator/gauge) to advise on the cartridge replacement• Cartridge replacement done in no time• No electrical supply neededRisks You AvoidImpurities in the compressed air can cause:• Damage to the distribution lines, increasing the leakage risk • A considerable increase in maintenance costs• A reduction in the efficiency and life span of the pneumatic devices • Deterioration of the final product quality• Limitations to the reliability of the production process and all its components• Decrease of the overall profitabilityQuincy Filters Keep Your Air Distribution Network In Optimal Shape!2Important GuidelinesWhen selecting purification equipment for your compressed air system, these are some useful guidelines to consider:1. Depending on the application, each point of use in the system may require a different compressed air quality.2. Ensure that the purification equipment which is being chosen will provide the required air purity in accordance with the classi-fications from the ISO 8573-1:2010 table.3. When comparing filters to one another, make sure they have been tested in accordance with the standards of ISO 8573 and ISO 12500 series.4. Whenever you compare different filtration solutions, it is crucial to keep in mind that the filter performance is highly dependent on the inlet conditions.5. When taking into account the operational cost of oil coalescence filters, only compare the initial saturated wet pressure loss. The reason for this is that dry pressure loss is not representative forperformance in a normally wet compressed air system.36. For dust filters on the other hand, one can expect the pressure drop to rise over time. A low starting pressure drop does not mean it will remain as such throughout the filter element’s lifetime.7. Consider the total cost of ownership for purification equipment (purchase, operational and maintenance costs).Your local sales representative can help you to select the optimal purifcation equipment for your compressed air system.Compressed Air According to ISO 8573-1:2010Depending on the customer’s application, a certain air purity is required. These purity requirements have been categorized in air purity classes. The purity classes are defined in the ISO 8573-1 standard, edition 2010.This table defines 7 purity classes ranging from 0 up to 6 following the rule: the lowr the class, the higher the air quality.Model Grades 1800-10,500A Solution for Every Air QualityReference condition: pressure 7 bar (102 PSI). Maximum operating temperature of 122°F, only for QAF series.Minimum operating temperature of -4°F4Model Grades 6-1500Filter Range OverviewThe quality of air required throughout a typical compressed airsystem varies. Offering an extensive filter range, Quincy Compressor can always match your precise requirements, ensuring that all types of contamination are avoided and costs are reduced to an absolute minimum.QMF Filter RangeMicronic coalescing filters for general purposeprotection, removing solid particles, liquid water and oil aerosol.Total Mass Efficiency: 99 %QPF Filter RangeParticulate filters for dust protection. Removes solid particles, dust, liquid and oil aerosol.Count Efficiency: 99.8% at MPPS (MPPS = 0.1 micron)QCF Filter RangeHigh-efficiency coalescing filters, removing solid particles, liquid water and oil aerosol.Total Mass Efficiency: 99.9 %QAF Filter RangeActivated carbon filter for removal of oil vapour and hydrocarbon odors.1000 Hour Lifetime* Inlet oil concentration = 40 mg/m3** MPPS = Most Penetrating Particle Size of 0.01 µm5High Temperatures1 Micron Dust Filters, 450°F, 150 PSIG• Designed specifically for Heat Reactivated Desiccant Air Dryers • Nomex outer layer is provided for high-temperature operation • Push-to-fit design used on threaded filters for easy filter element replacement•Multiwrap element construction provides optimum performanceAluminum Housing Threaded NPT Connctions 15 to 650 CFM, Series HTDT• Features a high-temperature dust filter with heavy-duty bowl • Ribbed bowl facilitates removal when changing elements NOTE: Alloy filters shipped loose will have a special high-temperature black powder coat paint.ModelsHTDT 15 & 30Models HTDT 65–650Specifications & Engineering Datasponding to the working pressure.6Mechanical Moisture Separators6 to 1500 CFM, 232 PSIG, Series QWSQuincy Mechanical Moisture Separators are designed to removebulk liquids and large volumes of water. They are typically installeddownstream of after coolers, air receivers, refrigerated air dryers andat strategic points of use throughout the compressed air distributionsystem. The design employs an internal spinner to create a centrifugalaction that effectively removes large quantities of water.• Aluminum housings (1⁄4” to 3 NPT) to prevent corrosion• Low pressure drop: < 1 PSIG• CRN approvedSpecifications & Engineering Data7Stainless Steel FiltersCoalescer — AbsorberQuincy’s line of 316 grade Stainless Steel filters for pressure requirements of 750 PSIG through 5000 PSIG feature:• Three pressure ranges (750 PSIG, 1,500 PSIG, 5,000 PSIG)• Heavy-duty, Stainless Steel tie rod design for 1500 PSIG and 5000 PSIG750 PSIG/250°F 60 to 2000 SCFM (1/2” to 2” NPT)• SSCT standard coalescer • SPCT polishing coalescer • SACT activated carbon1500 PSIG/250°F 65 to 2050 SCFM (1/2” to 2” NPT)• ESCT standard coalescer • EPCT polishing coalescer • EACT activated carbon5000 PSIG/250°F 28 to 775 SCFM (1/2” to 11/2” NPT)• VSCT standard coalescer • VPCT polishing coalescer • VACT activated carbonHigh-PressureAluminum FiltersCoalescer — AbsorberQuincy’s aluminum alloy, 750 PSIG high-pressure filter lineup offers an economic alternative to the high cost of stainless steel. There are two levels of coalescing and an activated carbon absorber. Ideally suited for the PET bottle blowing industry, the coalescers remove various levels of liquid aerosols and the activated carbon absorber removes vapor and odors.• High-temperature capacity (250°F.)• Multiwrap element construction for optimum performance and long life• Synthetic lubricant and mineral oil compatibility• Large sump and quiet zone to prevent re-entrainment • Push-to-fit design for easy filter element replacement• Modular design allows for easy installation of multiple filters and saves energy750 PSIG/250°F 150 to 3000 SCFM (1/2” to 2” NPT)• HSCT standard coalescer • HPCT polishing coalescer • HACT activated carbon750 PSIG - Specifications & Engineering Data8corresponding to the working pressure.corresponding to the working pressure.9High-Pressure1500 & 5000 PSIG - Specifications & Engineering Data10corresponding to the working pressure.corresponding to the working pressure.11Models E_T 65-2050V_T 28-775Models H_T 94 & 147Models S_T 60–2000ModelsH_T 265–1882Unique Double Element Design1,500 cfm through 15,000 cfm models utilize a space-saving double element design (see Figure 2). Using a double nesting technique, the Quincy Mist Eliminator offers high efficiency separation in a low profile package. By nesting an element inside an element, total surface area is greater than conventional single element designs. Due to reduced overall height, the Quincy Mist Eliminator can be installed in locations where conventional single element designs cannot. For example, a 10,000 cfm Quincy Mist Eliminator low profile design is only 118 inches tall. Compare this to other single element designs that are 210 inches tall. That’s a reduction of over 7 feet in overall height! Imagine the savings in time and convenience when you change the element or service the unit.All Quincy Mist Eliminator tanks are ASME coded and stamped. Standard equipment includes a calibrated differential pressure gauge and enamel paint. No Loss Demand Drains are optional. Pressure relief valves are not included but may be required by local codes.Mist EliminatorHigh Efficiency Heavy-Duty Coalescing FilterLong Life and Low Pressure DropThe Quincy Mist Eliminator is a heavy-duty coalescing type filter engineered to efficiently remove oil, particulate, and water from compressed air. By using a combination of impaction, interception and Brownian Movement, the Quincy Mist Eliminator achieves100% efficiency in removing particles 3 micron and larger, 99.8% of 0.1 micron and larger and 99.5% of 0.01 micron and larger. Typical pressure drop is less than 1 psig. Average element life in continuous service is 10 years. A 10-year element life can be achieved in relatively clean environments.• Lower pressure drop compared to conventional coalescing and particulate filters (average 1 psig versus 6 psig). Higher pressure drops require the compressor to operate at an elevated pressure, therefore requiring more power. Every 2 psig reduction in pres-sure saves approximately 1% air compressor power based on 100 psig operating pressure. Quincy Mist Eliminator could easily save in excess of $1,500 per year in air compressor electrical energy (based on 8,000 hours per year operation, $0.07 per Kw hour, 100 hp compressor and a 93% motor efficiency).• Large tank volume captures and retains inadvertent lubricant discharge caused by compressor separation system malfunction, which protects downstream equipment.• Average element life of 10 years versus 6 months for conventional coalescing and particulate filter elements reduces maintenance and waste disposal.12Mist EliminatorSpecifications & Engineering DataNotes: Larger Sizes Available, Consult Factory * Does Not Include Rigging.13Quincy Helps Y ou Do More. For Less.Combining nearly 100 years of expertise with unrivaled quality and performance, Quincy Compressor is the headquarters for your air filtration needs. Innovative filtration solutions are engineered to provide the best quality air and meet today’s increasing quality demands. Backed by the Air Quality Performance Guarantee, Quincy Compressor offers a full line-up of superior quality filtration solutions to meet the high quality requirements of your specific application. Exceed your expectations by providing your system with Quincy Compressor filters. Compressed Air FiltersQuincy Compressor Air Quality Performance Guarantee• Quincy Compressor offers a performance guarantee on its Air Treatment Filtration line. Quincy’s Filters are guaranteed to perform to the currently published specifications as found in filtration documentation available at /literature_ library.html.• Under normal operating conditions, and when installed in an original installation, the Quincy QCF, QMF, and QPF filter elements meet or exceed air quality standards of ISO 8573. The Quincy filters are guaranteed to operate for 8,000 hours or 12 months, which-ever shall occur first, before reaching the recommended 6 PSIG pressure differential for filter replacement.• Quincy Compressor guarantees that the aforementioned filters will perform as stated above, or Quincy Compressor will either repair or replace the filter or element, at Quincy’s discretion. Quincy Compressor will not be responsible for removal, reinstallation and/or related costs.The Air Quality Performance Guarantee is in accordance and established based upon Air Quality-ISO 8573 standard for oil-free and contaminant-free compressed air applications. The Air Quality Performance Guarantee remains in effect for the below listed site so far as all installation and maintenance requirements set forth and in accordance with the warranty and policies and procedures handbook, under Section 1 General Information; Warranty Coverage Rules are maintained.1415Quality Comes in All Shapes and Sizes—But Just One Color.The Quincy PromiseQuincy Compressor and its partnering distributors promise to provide you with uncompromising reliability in all Quincy equipment. This makes your compressed air system one less thing that you need to worry about, allowing you to focus on your company’s productivity and profitability.The Quincy SolutionOperating at peak efficiency and providing quality product is a priority for many of our customers. Quincy Compressor in partnership with our global network of authorized distributors strives to be your provider for all of your compressed air system needs. From the air compressor to filtration to dryers and storage solutions, Quincy Compressor is your single-source provider for all of your compressed air system needs.Air CompressorsQuincy Compressor is a premier provider of many different types of air compressors designed for a variety of applications using different compression technologies.The Quincy QT is a Reciprocating Splash Lubricated compressor for tough everyday use. The Quincy QP is a reciprocating fully pressure lubricated compressor for a competitive advantage. The Quincy QR is a reciprocating compressor designed for the most demanding conditions. The Quincy QGS 5-30 HP is a heavy-duty belt drivenrotary compressor at a competitive price. The Quincy QSI provides an industrial-grade premium fixed-speed rotary screw air compressor.The Quincy QGV provides a premium variable-speed rotary screw air compressor designed to optimize your energy efficiency. Compressed Air TreatmentQuincy Compressor is your single-source provider of compressed air treatment products to complement your air compressor. Quincy provides refrigerated air dryers, desiccant air dryers, compressed air filtration from 5 to .01 micron, condensate drains, condensate management systems, storage solutions, and flow control valves. Quincy Compressor is truly a single-source provider for all of your compressed air needs.Genuine PartsGenuine Parts from Quincy Compressor keep your equipmentrunning like new. When servicing your Quincy compressor, insist on Genuine Quincy parts. Not only will you save time and money, but you will gain the peace-of-mind from using only the highest quality parts worthy of the Quincy name.System ControlsWhether you have one air compressor or many air compressors from many different manufacturers, Quincy Compressor provides you with a way to control and monitor all of the components in your compressed air system in a way that maximizes your energy efficiency and decreases your energy costs. Whether you need to control your system on site or from half way around the world,Quincy Compressor is your source for reliable, efficient controls.©2017 Quincy Compressor. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.(QATF-005 10/19)701 N. Dobson Avenue | Bay Minette, AL 36507Phone 251.937.5900 | Fax 251.937.0872Email:*************************|。
膜过滤工艺流程描述Membrane filtration is a widely used process in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and water treatment. It plays a crucial role in separating suspended solids, bacteria, and other impurities from liquids, resulting in clean and purified products. The process involves passing a liquid mixture through a membrane that allows only certain molecules to pass through while blocking others. This selective separation is achieved based on the size and molecular weight of the particles, making it an effective method for achieving desired levels of purity.膜过滤是各行业广泛使用的工艺,包括食品饮料、制药和水处理。
它在将悬浮固体、细菌和其他杂质从液体中分离出来方面发挥着至关重要的作用,从而获得干净纯净的产品。
该过程涉及将液体混合物通过一个只允许特定分子通过而阻止其他分子通过的膜。
这种选择性分离是基于颗粒的大小和分子量来实现的,使其成为实现所需纯度水平的有效方法。
The membrane filtration process typically involves several steps, including pretreatment, filtration, and post-treatment. During pretreatment, the liquid mixture is conditioned to remove largerparticles and reduce fouling on the membrane surface. This step is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and longevity of the membrane. Filtration is the main step where the liquid passes through the membrane, with the desired components permeating through while impurities are retained. Post-treatment may involve cleaning the membrane to remove any accumulated debris and restoring its performance.膜过滤过程通常包括几个步骤,包括预处理、过滤和后处理。
RE 22334, edition: 2013-04, Bosch Rexroth AGDirectional spool valves, directly operated, with manual and fluid logics actuationFeatures ▶4/3-, 4/2- or 3/2-way version▶Porting pattern according to ISO 4401-05-04-0-05 andNFPA T3.5.1 R2-2002 D05▶Types of actuation:–Hand lever–Pneumatic–HydraulicContentsF eatures 1Ordering code 2Symbols 3Types of actuation 4, 5Function, section 6Technical data 7Characteristic curves 8Performance limits 9, 10Dimensions 11 … 14More information 14▶Size 10▶Component series 5X▶Maximum operating pressure 350 bar [5076 psi]▶Maximum flow 160 l/min [42.3 US gpm]RE 22334 Edition: 2013-04Replaces: 22331Type WMM, WN and WPC o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m2/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveBosch Rexroth AG , RE 22334, edition: 2013-04Ordering code 3 main ports 34 main ports 4Types of actuation 02– ManualHand leverWMM – FluidicPilot pressure 1.5 … 10 bar [22 … 145 psi]WN Pilot pressure 8 … 160 bar [116 … 2321 psi]WP 03Size 101004Symbols e.g. C, E, EA, EB, etc; possible versions see page 3 (5)05Component series 50 … 59 (50 … 59: Unchanged installation and connection dimensions)5X 06With spring returnno codeWithout spring return (not for valves with 3 switching positions and version "WMM")O With detent (not for versions "WN" and "WP")F Without spring return with detent (not for valves with 3 switching positions and version "WMM")OFCorrosion protection 07Standard corrosion protectionno code Improved corrosion protection (720 h salt spray test according to EN ISO 9227; only version "WMM")J4Throttle insert 1) 08Without throttle insert no codeWith throttle insert:ConnectionThrottle Ø in mm [inch]0.8 [0.031]1.0 [0.039] 1.2 [0.047]P = B08= B10= B12A = H08= H10= H12B = R08= R10= R12A and B = N08= N10= N12T 2)= X08= X10= X12Further throttle insert diameters upon request.Seal material 09NBR seals M FKM sealsV Seals for HFC hydraulic fluidsMHAttention: Observe compatibility of seals with hydraulic fluid used!Pilot oil port 10Whitworth pipe thread G1/4–UNF thread 7/16" - 20 UNF (only versions "WN" and "WP")/1211Further details in the plain text0102030405060708091011105X //*1)If the admissible valve performance limits are exceeded, throttle inserts must be installed (performance limits see page 9).2)If throttle inserts are used in channel T, the pressure in theworking ports and for connection to the tank chambers must not exceed 210 bar.C o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o mA BP Tab a b A B P T= A = C = D= B= L = M = E 1)= F = G= H = J1)= .B 1)= R = T = U= V = W= P= Q = J73Directional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 3/14RE 22334, edition: 2013-04, Bosch Rexroth AG1)Example:– Symbol E with switching position "a": Ordering code ..EA ..– Symbol E with switching position "b": Ordering code ..EA ..SymbolsC o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m4/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveBosch Rexroth AG , RE 22334, edition: 2013-041) See symbols on page 32) See pos. 2, page 112) See pos. 1, page 112)See pos. 3, page 11Types of actuation: Type WMMC o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o mDirectional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 5/14RE 22334, edition: 2013-04, Bosch Rexroth AGTypes of actuation: WN and WP1) See symbols on page 3C o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m6/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveBosch Rexroth AG , RE 22334, edition: 2013-04Valves of type WMM are manually Function, sectionactuation cylinder), control spool (3), and one or two C o u w w .c m a f h .c o mDirectional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 7/14RE 22334, edition: 2013-04, Bosch Rexroth AGTechnical data(for applications outside these parameters, please consult us!)1)The information given only applies if the actuation pressure isapplied directly to the valve.Hydraulic fluidClassificationSuitable sealing materials Standards Mineral oils and related hydrocarbons HL, HLP, HLPD, HVLP, HVLPD NBR, FKM DIN 51524Bio-degradable– insoluble in water HETG NBR, FKM VDMA 24568HEES FKM – soluble in waterHEPG FKM VDMA 24568Flame-resistant– water-free HFDU, HFDRFKM ISO 12922– containing waterHFC (Fuchs Hydrotherm 46M, Petrofer Ultra Safe 620)NBRISO 12922fluids, refer to data sheet 90220 or contact us.▶There may be limitations regarding the technical valve data (tem-perature, pressure range, life cycle, maintenance intervals, etc).▶Flame-resistant – contains water :–Maximum pressure differential per control edge 50 bar–Pressure pre-loading at the tank port > 20% of the pressure differential, otherwise increased cavitation–Life cycle as compared to operation with mineral oil HL, HLP 50 to 100%2)The cleanliness classes specified for the components must beadhered to in hydraulic systems. Effective filtration prevents faults and at the same time increases the life cycle of the components.To select filters, see /filter.C o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m12345679112040301050607080901001101208412162024261301401500810[4][8][12][16][39.6][20][24][28][30][32][0][0][40][80][120][200][160][240][280][300][377]204030105060708090100110120841216202426130140150012131415161718192021222324[0][40][80][120][200][160][240][280][300][377][0][4][8][12][16][39.6][20][24][28][30][32]8/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveBosch Rexroth AG , RE 22334, edition: 2013-04Characteristic curves(measured with HLP46, ϑOil = 40 ± 5 °C [104 ± 9 °F])∆p -q V characteristic curveFlow in l/min [US gpm] →Flow in l/min [US gpm] →P r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l i n b a r [p s i ] →P r e s s u r e d i f f e r e n t i a l i n b a r [p s i ] →Symbol Direction of flow P – A P – B A – T B – T A; B 66––C 1257D 2257E 17161921F 232223G 442424H 14142021J 33911J7322212324L 3399M 141468P 17142023Q 161748R18211824T 1841024U 33611V 17171820WUpon requestCentral position:Symbol Direction of flowP – A P – B B – T A – T P – T H1212131315C o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m501001502002503503002040301050607080901001101201301401500[0][4][8][12][16][42.3][20][24][28][32][36][0][5076]0[500][1000][1500][2000][2500][3000][3500][4000][4500]400[5801]214160[40]550100150200250350300[0][5076]0[500][1000][1500][2000][2500][3000][3500][4000][4500]400[5801]76892040301050607080901001101201301401500160[0][4][8][12][16][42.3][20][24][28][32][36][40]Directional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 9/14RE 22334, edition: 2013-04, Bosch Rexroth AGPerformance limits(measured with HLP46, ϑOil = 40 ± 5 °C [104 ± 9 °F])O p e r a ti n g p r e s s u r e i n b a r [p s i ] →O p e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e i n b a r [p s i ] →Flow in l/min [US gpm] →Flow in l/min [US gpm] →With spring return "–"CharacteristiccurveSymbol1C, D, E, J, J73, L, M, Q,U, V, W2H 3T, GWith detent "F"CharacteristiccurveSymbol4C, D, E, J, J73, L, M, Q,U5T, G, HCharacteristiccurveSymbol6C, C/OF, D, D/OF, E, J,L, M, U7H 8G 9A, BType WMM Type WN C o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m50100150200250350300[0][5076]0[500][1000][1500][2000][2500][3000][3500][4000][4500]400[5801]15121314112040301050607080901001101201301401500[0][4][8][12][16][42.3][20][24][28][32][36]160[40]10/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveBosch Rexroth AG , RE 22334, edition: 2013-04Performance limits(measured with HLP46, ϑOil = 40 ± 5 °C [104 ± 9 °F])Op e r a t i n g p r e s s u r e i n b a r [p s i ] →Flow in l/min [US gpm] →CharacteristiccurveSymbol11C, C/OF, D, D/OF, E, J,L, M, U12B 13A 14G 15HType WPC o u r t e s y o f C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o mDirectional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 11/141Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol B and .B 2Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol A, C, D .A 3Valves with 3 switching positions 4Cover and hand lever 5Name plate6Identical seal rings for port A, B, P, TA, TB 7Additional port TB can optionally be used8Porting pattern according to ISO 4401-05-04-0-05 and NFPA T3.5.1 R2-2002 D05Dimensions: Type WMM (dimensions in mm [inch])Valve mounting screws and subplates see page 14.valve contact surfaceC M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m12/14WMM; WN; WP | Directional spool valveDimensions: Type WM (dimensions in mm [inch])valve contact surface1Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol B and .B 2Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol A, C, D .A 3Valves with 3 switching positions 4Cover and plug screw 5Name plate6Identical seal rings for port A, B, P, TA, TB 7Additional port TB can optionally be used8Porting pattern according to ISO 4401-05-04-0-05 and NFPA T3.5.1 R2-2002 D059Pilot oil port G1/4 (version "–")Pilot oil port 7/16" - 20 UNF (version "/12")10SocketValve mounting screws and subplates see page 14.C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o mDirectional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 13/14Dimensions: Type WP (dimensions in mm [inch])valve contact surface1Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol B and .B 2Valves with 2 switching positions, symbol A, C, D, EA...3Valves with 3 switching positions4Cover and plug screw for valves with 2 switching positions, symbol B, Y, EB...5Name plate6Identical seal rings for port A, B, P, TA, TB 7Additional port TB can optionally be used8Porting pattern according to ISO 4401-05-04-0-05 and NFPA T3.5.1 R2-2002 D059Metric pilot oil port: G1/4UNC pilot oil port: 7/16" - 20 UNF 10SocketValve mounting screws and subplates see page 14.C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m14/14Bosch Rexroth AG HydraulicsZum Eisengießer 197816 Lohr am Main, Germany Phone +49 (0) 93 52 / 18-0© This document, as well as the data, specifications and other information set forth in it, are the exclusive property of Bosch Rexroth AG. It may not be reproduced or given to third parties without its consent.The data specified above only serve to describe the product. No statements concerning a certain condition or suitability for a certain application can be More information▶SubplatesData sheet 45054 ▶Hydraulic fluids on mineral oil basisData sheet 90220 ▶General product information on hydraulic productsData sheet 07008 ▶Installation, commissioning and maintenance of industrial valves Data sheet 07300 ▶Hydraulic valves for industrial applications Data sheet 07600-B▶Selection of the filters/filterDimensionsSubplates according to data sheet 45054 (separate order) G 66/01 (G3/8) 1) G 67/01 (G1/2) 1) G 534/01 (G3/4) 1)G 66/12 (SAE-6; 9/16-18) 2) G 67/12 (SAE-8; 3/4-16) 2)G 534/12 (SAE-12; 1-1/16-12) 2)1) For version "J4" upon request 2)Upon requestValve mounting screws (separate order)4 metric hexagon socket head cap screws ISO 4762 - M6 x 40 - 10.9-flZn-240h-L (Friction coefficient µtotal = 0.09 to 0.14);Tightening torque M A = 12.5 Nm [9.2 ft-lbs] ± 10%, material no. R913000058 or4 hexagon socket head cap screwsISO 4762 - M6 x 40 - 10.9 (self procurement) (Friction coefficient µtotal = 0.12 to 0.17);Tightening torque M A = 15.5 Nm [11.4 ft-lbs] ± 10%4 UNC hexagon socket head cap screws 1/4-20 UNC x 1-1/2" ASTM-A574(Friction coefficient µtotal = 0.19 to 0.24);Tightening torque M A = 25 Nm [18.4 ft-lbs] ± 15%, (Friction coefficient µtotal = 0.12 to 0.17);Tightening torque M A = 19 Nm [14.0 ft-lbs] ± 10%, material no. R978800710With different friction coefficients, the tightening torques are to be adjusted accordingly.C M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o mDirectional spool valve | WMM; WN; WP 15/14NotesC M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m16/14NotesC M A /F l o d y n e /H y d r a d y n e ▪ M o t i o n C o n t r o l ▪ H y d r a u l i c ▪ P n e u m a t i c ▪ E l e c t r i c a l ▪ M e c h a n i c a l ▪ (800) 426-5480 ▪ w w w .c m a f h .c o m。
非织造布生产工艺流程非织造布是利用切断、排列或随机定向方式将纤维或纤维束互相结合而制成的一种新型纺织材料。
非织造布具有无纺布的特点,没有经纬线,也不需要纺纱成纱线。
本文将详细描述非织造布的生产工艺流程,以帮助读者更好地了解非织造布的制作过程。
一、原材料准备制作非织造布的原材料通常包括纤维、胶粘剂和其他辅助材料。
首先,需要对这些原材料进行准备和筛选。
纤维可以是合成纤维、天然纤维或再生纤维,根据最终产品的用途选择合适的纤维。
胶粘剂的选择要根据设想的非织造布应用,以确保最终产品的性能。
二、纤维混合在生产非织造布时,通常会将不同种类的纤维混合在一起,以获得所需的性能和特性。
例如,混合具有不同长度的纤维可以增加非织造布的强度和耐磨性。
混合过程通常通过将纤维投入到混合器中,并使用机械搅拌将它们均匀混合。
三、纤维预处理在将纤维转化为非织造布之前,需要对其进行一些预处理操作。
这些操作包括清洗、染色、涂覆和烘干等。
清洗过程可以去除纤维上的杂质和污渍,以确保纤维质量。
染色和涂覆可以赋予纤维特定的颜色和性能特性。
烘干过程则可以去除纤维中的水分,使其适合下一步的操作。
四、纤维结合纤维的结合是非织造布制作的关键步骤。
有多种方法可以实现纤维的结合,包括针刺、热熔、粘合和水力高压等。
在针刺法中,使用尖锐的针刺将纤维打入底部基材中,从而将纤维相互交织在一起。
热熔法通过热熔纤维表面,使其与周围的纤维融合。
粘合法使用胶粘剂将纤维结合在一起,可以通过喷涂、印花或涂覆等方式进行。
水力高压法则是利用高压水流将纤维结合在一起。
五、成品处理在经过纤维结合后,制成的非织造布需要进行成品处理。
成品处理流程包括涂层、复合、卷绕或切割等。
涂层可以给非织造布增加特殊的性能,例如防水、防火或防静电等。
复合过程可以将非织造布与其他材料进行粘合,以增强其功能。
卷绕可以将宽幅的非织造布卷绕成卷,方便后续的储存和运输。
切割则是根据需要将非织造布切成所需的尺寸和形状。
未来的油烟机英文作文回答例子1:Title: The Future of Range HoodsIntroductionRange hoods have been an essential kitchen appliance for decades, helping to eliminate smoke, grease, and odors while cooking. However, with advancements in technology and design, the future of range hoods is set to be even more efficient, stylish, and eco-friendly. In this article, we will explore the innovations and trends shaping the future of range hoods.1. Smart TechnologyOne of the most significant advancements in range hood technology is the integration of smart features. Smart range hoods can be controlled remotely via a smartphone app, allowing users to adjust settings, monitor air quality, and receive notifications. Some models even have sensors that automatically adjust fan speed based on cooking activities. This not only enhances convenience but also improves energy efficiency.2. Improved Air FiltrationTraditional range hoods rely on filters to capture grease and odors. However, newer models are incorporating advanced filtration systems such as HEPA filters and activated carbon filters. These filters can effectively remove harmful pollutants, allergens, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the air, promoting a healthier indoor environment.3. Energy EfficiencyWith a growing emphasis on sustainability and energy conservation, future range hoods are designed to be more energy-efficient. LED lighting is becoming a standard feature in modern range hoods, providing bright illumination while consuming less electricity. Additionally, energy-efficient motors and fan designs help to reduce power consumption without compromising performance.4. Sleek and Stylish DesignsGone are the days of bulky and unattractive range hoods. The future of range hoods is all about sleek and stylish designs that complement modern kitchen aesthetics. Manufacturersare offering a wide range of options, including slim profiles, customizable finishes, and innovative shapes. Some models are even designed to blend seamlessly into the cabinetry, creating a seamless and integrated look.5. Quiet OperationNoise has always been a concern with traditional range hoods, as the sound of the fan can be disruptive during meal preparation. However, future range hoods are engineered for quiet operation, with noise-reducing technologies such as sound insulation, vibration dampening, and variable fan speeds. This ensures a peaceful cooking environment without sacrificing performance.6. Integration with Smart HomesAs smart home technology continues to evolve, range hoods are being integrated into the broader ecosystem of connected devices. Smart range hoods can communicate with other appliances, such as cooktops and ovens, to create a seamless cooking experience. They can also bevoice-controlled through virtual assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant, making kitchen tasks even moreconvenient.ConclusionThe future of range hoods is bright, with innovations in technology, design, and sustainability shaping the next generation of kitchen appliances. From smart features and advanced filtration systems to energy efficiency and stylish designs, the range hood of tomorrow will be a valuable addition to any modern kitchen. As consumer demand for convenience, performance, and aesthetics continues to grow, manufacturers will undoubtedly continue to push the boundaries of innovation in this essential kitchen appliance.回答例子2:Title: "The Future of Range Hoods: A Vision for Enhanced Air Quality"Introduction:In the rapidly evolving landscape of household appliances, the humble range hood stands as a stalwart guardian against the pervasive threat of indoor air pollution. However, as we look toward the future, the traditional concept of the range hood is poised to undergo a revolutionary transformation. Inthis essay, we will explore the potential advancements and innovations that promise to redefine the role of range hoods in our kitchens and homes.Enhanced Efficiency and Performance:The future of range hoods lies in their ability to deliver unparalleled efficiency and performance. Advanced filtration systems utilizing cutting-edge technologies such as electrostatic precipitators and activated carbon will not only capture grease and odors but also effectively remove harmful airborne particles, allergens, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By harnessing the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, these next-generation range hoods will adapt and optimize their operation in real-time, ensuring optimal air quality while minimizing energy consumption.Seamless Integration and Smart Connectivity:In the smart homes of tomorrow, range hoods will seamlessly integrate into interconnected ecosystems of appliances and devices. With built-in sensors and connectivity features, they will communicate with other kitchen appliancesto coordinate cooking activities and adjust ventilation settings accordingly. Imagine a scenario where your range hood automatically ramps up its ventilation speed when it detects smoke from a sizzling steak on the stovetop or syncs with your oven to anticipate high-heat cooking processes, preemptively clearing the air before any odors or pollutants have a chance to spread.Sleek Design and Customization Options:Gone are the days of bulky, utilitarian range hoods dominating kitchen aesthetics. In the future, range hoods will embrace sleek, minimalist designs that complement modern kitchen decor. Manufacturers will offer a plethora of customization options, allowing homeowners to tailor their range hoods to suit their personal preferences and style preferences. From customizable finishes and materials to configurable lighting options, these futuristic range hoods will not only elevate the visual appeal of kitchens but also serve as statement pieces that blend seamlessly into the overall design ethos of the home.Environmental Sustainability:As society becomes increasingly conscious of environmental sustainability, the range hood industry will respond by prioritizing eco-friendly design and materials. Energy-efficient motors, recyclable components, and sustainable manufacturing practices will become standard features of future range hoods. Moreover, innovative solutions such as heat recovery ventilation systems will enable range hoods to capture waste heat generated during cooking processes and repurpose it to supplement home heating or hot water systems, further reducing energy waste and carbon emissions.Conclusion:In conclusion, the future of range hoods holds immense promise for improving indoor air quality, enhancing convenience, and advancing environmental sustainability. By embracing technological innovation, seamless integration, sleek design, and environmental stewardship, the next generation of range hoods will not only fulfill their traditional role as kitchen guardians but also become indispensablepillars of smart, healthy, and sustainable homes. As we embark on this journey toward a brighter future, let us envision a world where every kitchen is equipped with a range hood that not only clears the air but also clears the path to a healthier, more comfortable, and more sustainable way of living.。
Celebrate Your Freedo m from Allergens-- The #1 Rated Whole-House AirPurification SystemAbstractThe Perfect 16 powerfully removes more allergens, bacteria, dust, pollen and other airborne contaminants that are detrimental to your health. It’s the perfec t system for people who suffer from allergies, asthma or for people who simply want to breathe the cleanest air possible. Let IQAir transform your house into a healthy home.Key word:The Perfect 16;Remove allergens;Fresh airHighest Efficiency – Lowest Air RestrictionThe Perfect 16™ is the only system that is rated a perfect Merv 16, the highest filtration rating possible. MERV stands for Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value. The MERV system was created by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) to independently verify how well an air filtration system really cleans the air. Until the Perfect 16, no residentialwhole-house air cleaning system had ever achieved this ultra-high rating.While efficiency is very important, low air restriction is equally important. Conventional whole-house air cleaners can decrease the airflow of your central heating and air conditioning system by as much as 50%. As a result, the forced air system has to work harder and longer to cool or heat your home. Increased energy consumption adds to your monthly electricity bill. In contrast, the Perfect 16 has the highest filtration efficiency coupled with one of the lowest air restrictions* in the industry. In fact, it actually improves the performance of your heating and air cooling system when when compared to conventional air cleaners.Seamless IntegrationUnlike other air cleaning systems, the Perfect 16 is s eamlessly retrofitted into your home’s existing heating and/or air conditioning system. It cleans 100% of the air in your home. No partial cleaning or limited bypass installation.Air is drawn through your home’s return grill typically located in a common area such as a hallway, then filtered through pleated micro-fiber filtration panels. This traps harmful micro-particles each and every time the air circulates through the system.Purified air goes through your central air handling unit where it is distributed to every corner of your home. The air in your house gets filtered through this system up to 125 times per day. The Perfect 16 continuously cleans and purifies the air to transform your house into a healthy home.In 1963, the brothers Klaus and Manfre d Hammes introduced the world’s first residential air cleaner. It was designed to help people who had coal burning stoves remove dust and soot from the air. Soon they discovered that people who had their air cleaners were experiencing better health. Manfred, a life-long allergy and asthma sufferer, was the first person to benefit from his own machine.Swiss Craftsmanship The Highest QualityCrafted, assembled, individually inspected and tested at IQAir’s Swiss factory, each Perfect 16 meets our high standards before it leaves our facility. IQAir expert craftsmen construct each unit with dedication and extreme attention to detail.IQAir’s passion for the highest product quality extends to our expert, professional installation practices.IQAir leads the industry with the most comprehensive installation guarantee.The Perfect 16 Delivers up to 50 Times More Filtration PowerThe Secret is the Revolutionary V2 DesignThe V2 Difference: Perfect 16’s revolutionary V2 designMost air filters have a single flat surface that fits squarely into the housing of the system. The Perfect 16’s filters are placed in a double “V” shape. The V2 design allows the Perfect 16 to use over 170 square feet of filter media. This is up to 50 times more filtration material than that of ordinary filtration systems. The additional surface area creates higher filtration efficiency, while allowing more air to pass through thesystem. A truly innovative design with substantially increased collection area provides superior filtration power over ordinary filtration systems.Featuring Unique AMF TechnologyThe Perfect 16 is the first whole-house air cleaning system to utilize advanced micro-fiber filtration technology. Filter fibers are 10 times thinner than those used in standard air filters. This allows air to easily pass through the filters, while the ultra-fine threads create an almost impenetrable barrier for pollution particles. The result is an air filter that sets a new standard for air cleaning efficiency as well as airflow.No Filter Replacements for 3 Years!Most whole-house air cleaning systems and furnace filters require monthly changing and many even require weekly cleaning. The Perfect 16 takes the worry and hassle out of frequent filter changes and servicing.The Perfect 16’s extra large filter surface area is so efficient and long lasting that you won’t need service or replacements for up to three full years.Our 10x Cleaner Air GuaranteeThe Perfect 16 is the only whole-house air purification system that is backed by an industry-leading performance guarantee. We promise you an over 90% reduction of airborne allergens and pollutants -such as dust, mold spores, bacteria, and viruses -or your money back! As part of the IQAir tradition of air cleaning excellence, each Perfect 16 is tested at the IQAir Swiss-based factory before it is shipped to our customers to ensure optimum performance. But now we’re taking this tradition to the highest level and going beyond industry standards by testing the system and guaranteeing the results right in your home.After the Perfect 16 is installed, the IQAir Authorized Installer will test and verify the installation with an advanced laser particle counter. The authorized installer will ensure that the system is removing at least 90% of particles 0.3 microns or larger. System performance will be detailed in a personalized owner’s certificate.Using advanced laser technology, an IQAir Authorized Installer will test particle levels before and after installation to guarantee results of 10X cleaner air. After testing the system, our IQAir Authorized Installer will enter the test results into a personalized owner’s certificate which certifies your home as one of the healthiest homes in America.IQAir’s Whole-House Air Cleaning System Wins Reviewboard’s Pro duct of the YearWritten by Philip Ferreira, Editor-in-Chief of Reviewboard MagazineThe home we tested the Perfect 16 in was immaculate, but like many homes it had a hidden problem –unhealthy indoor air. We used advanced laser particle counting equipment before and after installation so that our readers could see what they could really expect if they had this system installed in their own home.The Perfect 16 delivers the highest level of air cleaning effectiveness available to homeowners. Reviewboard tested the system in a real home, not in a laboratory, and we saw an almost 95% improvement in air quality.The Perfect 16 retrofits into existing heating and/or air conditioning (HVAC) systems. It uses the existing duct work of a home to provide clean air to every room of the house. The Perfect 16 utilizes IQAir’s Advanced Micro-Fiber Filtration technology. The ultra-fine fibers used in the Perfect 16’s filters are ten times thinner than the fibers used in standard air filters. This allows air to pass easily through the filter mesh while creating an almost impenetrable barrier for common household pollutants like dust, pollen, mold spores, allergens, even bacteria and viruses.We also noted that the Perfect 16 does away with a major annoyance of other whole-house air purifiers: frequent cleaning or filter changes. Most air purifier systems require cleaning or filter changes every few months. The Perfect 16 is filter replacement and maintenance free for up to three years.The Perfect 16 utilizes the circulatio n of a home’s forced air HVAC system. It does not requireadditional electricity to operate, and unlike electronic air purifiers, it produces absolutely no ozone.The Perfect 16 is a truly amazing product. In our judgment, it is the best whole-house air purification system on the market. It is exceptional in its air cleaning effectiveness and ultra-low maintenance. It’s a true winner and deserving of Reviewboard’s Product of the Year award.The Perfect 16 can be seen Sundays on ABC’s popular television show“Extreme Makeover: Home Edition”, as IQAir helps the show’s Design Team build healthy homes for deserving families. It is also currently featured in “Esquire House 360” in Beverly Hills, California.About Reviewboard – Alexa ranking lists Reviewboard Magazine as the third largest consumer product review publication in the world. Their product reviews are read each year by more than 110 million readers in 54 countries worldwide. Alexa also lists Reviewboard as the #1 user ranked consumer publication in the world.Real Homes - Real ResultsWhat difference will the Perfect 16 make in your home? Take a look at the results achieved in this old home built in 1928. It is hillside property in Los Angeles, a city known for its poor air quality. Indoor air quality s pecialists used advanced laser particle counters to measure the home’s indoor air quality before and after the installation. The instruments recorded the microscopic airborne pollution particles in the home including dust, mold, pollen, bacteria, and other irritants.This home’s air quality was improved by over 95% within 90 minutes of installation, and that’s a typical result.Location: Los Angeles County, California | Home size: 2’300 sq.ft (two story). Date: June 24, 2006 | HVAC System airflow: 1200 cfm Air Cleaning: Perfect 16 ID-2225Before the installation the air pollution levels throughout the home were at approximately 1.5 million particles per cubic foot. After the Perfect16 was installed, the air quality was improved by over 90% in just 60 minutes. After 90 minutes, air quality was improved by over 95%. The home went from an unhealthy indoor environment to one of America’s cleanest homes in just an hour and a half. These are real results achieved in real homes, the kind of results you can expect when your Perfect 16 is installed.2000-2008 The IQAir Group. All rights reserved. Technical specifications are subject to change without prior notice. IQAir, HealthPro and HyperHEPA are the registered trademarks of The IQAir Group./fanyi-1148.html。
Cat® 320Hydraulic ExcavatorThe Cat® 320 excavator brings premium performance with simple-to-use technologies like Cat GRADE with 2D, Grade Assist, and Payload – all standard equipment from the factory to boost your operator efficiencies up to 45 percent. Combine these features with a new cab, longer maintenance intervals that lower your maintenance costs up to 15 percent, and a power system that reduces fuel consumption by up to 25 percent and you have a low-cost-per-unit-of-production excavator that’s perfect for medium- to heavy-duty applications. Not all features available in all regions. Consult your Cat dealer for specific configurations available in your region.High Performance with Lower Fuel Consumption• Use up to 2 5 percent less fuel than the Cat 3 20F excavator.• Increase operating ef fi ciency up to 4 5 percent with standardCat Connect technologies that lower operator fatigue and youroperating costs, including fuel consumption and daily maintenance.• The C 4.4 ACER T™ engine can run on biodiesel up to B2 0 and meetsU.S. EPA Tier 4 Final and EU Stage IV emission standards with anaf t er t reatment system that requires no maintenance or downtime.• The advanced hydraulic system provides the optimum balanceof power and ef fi ciency while giving you the control you needfor precise digging requirements.• Match the excavator to the job with power modes; let Smar tmode automatically match engine and hydraulic power to diggingconditions.• Auxiliar y hydraulic options give you the versatilit y to use a widerange of Cat at t achments.• Available Smar t Boom™ lets the boom freely travel up and downwithout using any pump flow so operators can focus on stick andbucket work. The benefits are reduced operator stress and reducedfuel consumption.• Don’t let the temperature stop you from working. The excavatorhas a standard ambient temperature capabilit y of 4 6° C (115° F) andoptional high-ambient capabilit y of 5 2° C (12 5° F ). S t andard coldstar t capabilit y is – 32° C (–2 5° F ).Boost Efficiency and Boost Productivitywith Integrated Cat Connect Technologies• Boos t productivit y up to 4 5 percent versus traditional gradingwith s t andard Cat GR A DE with 2D system – includes indicate-onlyand laser capabilit y.– Dig with guidance to depth, slope, and horizontal distanceto grade.– The 2D system is upgradable to Cat GR A DE with Advanced 2Dor Cat GR A D E with 3D.• S t andard Grade Assist:– S t ay on grade – simply and ef f or t lessly – with single-lever digging.– Set your desired bucket angle and let Bucket Assis t automaticallymaintain the angle in sloping, leveling, fine grading, and trenchingapplications for easy, accurate, and fast jobs.– Keep the tracks on ground in lif t ing and hard digging withBoom Assist .– Automatically s t op excavator swing at operator-defined setpoints in truck loading and trenching applications with SwingAssist , which will help you use less ef f or t and consume less fuel.• S t andard Cat PAYLOAD on-board weighing system:– Achieve precise load targets and increase loading ef fi ciencywith on-the-go weighing and real-time es t imates of your payloadwithout swinging.– Track your daily productivit y such as truck target weights andload/cycle counts.– Calibration can be per f ormed in a mat t er of minutes.– Combine Payload with VisionL i nk® and remotely manage yourproduction targets.• Upgrade to optional Cat GR A DE with Advanced 2D:– Create and edit grade designs with ease on a second high-resolution 2 54 mm (10 in) touchscreen monitor.• Upgrade to optional Cat GR A DE with 3D:– Create and edit designs with ease and see the front linkage’sfull range of motion on a second high-resolution 25 4 mm (10 in)touchscreen monitor.– Know the excavator ’s exact position relative to GPS andGLONASS systems.– The machine automatically compensates for excavator pitchand roll caused by sloping ground conditions.• S t andard Product Link™ provides location, machine hours, fuelusage, productivit y, idle time, diagnostic codes, and other machinedata on demand through V i sionLink online inter f ace, helping youimprove job site ef fi ciency with lower operating cos t s.Cat® 320 Hydraulic ExcavatorWork in Comfort in the All-New Cab• Choose bet w een Comfor t and Deluxe cabs – both with automatic climate control.• Sit in wide seats that adjust for all size operators; s t ay warm with the Deluxe heated seat.• Enjoy wide spacing bet w een consoles for a more comfor t able environment .• Get in and out of the cab easier using the tip-up lef t console (Deluxe cab only).• Advanced viscous mounts reduce cab vibration up to 5 0 percent over previous excavator models.• Control the excavator comfor t ably with easy-to-reach controlsall located in front of you.• S t ow your gear with plent y of in-cab storage beneath and behind the seat , overhead, and in the consoles. A cup holder, document holder, bot t le holder, and coat hook are also provided.• Use the s t andard radio’s USB por t s and Bluetooth® technologyto connect personal devices and make hands-free calls.Simple to Operate• S t ar t the engine with a push but t on; use a Bluetooth key fob, smar t phone app, or the unique Operator ID function.• Program each joystick but t on, including response and pat t ern, using Operator ID; it will also remember climate control fanand radio set t ings.• Navigate quickly on the standard high-resolution 2 03 mm(8 in) touchscreen monitor, or with the optional 2 54 mm (10 in) touchscreen monitor, or with the aid of the jog dial control.• A second 2 54 mm (10 in) monitor is available for the advanced grade control.• Not sure how a function works or how to maintain the excavator? Always have the operator ’s manual at your finger t ips in the touchscreen monitor.Maintenance• E x pect up to 15 percent less maintenance cost than the 3 20E. (Savings calculated over 12 ,0 00 machine hours.)• Do all daily maintenance at ground level.• Check engine oil level quickly and safely with the new ground-level engine oil dipstick; fill and check engine oil on top of the machine with a conveniently located second dipstick. • Track your excavator ’s filter life and maintenance inter v als via the in-cab monitor.• Do no required maintenance on the Cat Clean Emissions Module. • Change all fuel filters at a synchronized 5 00 hours.• E x pect the new air intake filter with precleaner to last up to1, 000 hours – a 10 0 percent increase over the previous filter.• The new hydraulic oil filter provides improved filtration per f ormance, anti-drain valves to keep oil clean when the filter is replaced, and longer life with a 3, 000 hour replacement inter v al – 5 0 percent longer than previous filter designs.• The new high-ef fi ciency electric cooling fans only run when needed and reverse to keep cores free from debris.• S·O·S SM por t s simplif y maintenance and allow for quick , easyex t raction of fluid samples for analysis.Safety• Work safely under structures or near traf fi c with the s t andard 2DE-fence feature integrated right out of the factor y, which prevents any par t of the excavator from moving outside operator-defined set points to avoid hazards and job site accidents.• Access 10 0 percent of daily maintenance points from ground level – no need for you to climb on top of the excavator.• The standard ROPS cab meets ISO 12117-2:2 008 requirements. • Enjoy great visibilit y into the trench, in each swing direction, and behind you with the help of smaller cab pillars, larger windows, and a flat engine hood design.• The standard hydraulic lockout lever isolates all hydraulic and travel functions in the lowered position.• Ground-level shut-of f switch stops all fuel to the engine when activated and shuts down the machine.• A rear v iew camera is s t andard, and a right-side-view camerais optional. Upgrade to 3 60° visibilit y and you’ll easily visualize objects and personnel around the excavator in a single view.• New right-hand ser v ice plat f orm design provides easy, safe, and quick access to upper ser v ice plat f orm; the ser v ice plat f orm steps use anti-skid punch plate to prevent slipping.• Available boom and stick lowering check valves prevent reverse flow, keeping your front linkage securely in place should the hydraulic sys t em unexpectedly lose power.• The handrails comply with ISO 2 867:2011 requirements.• The lower frame meets ISO 15 818:2 017 lif t ing and tie-down requirements.Cat® 320 Hydraulic Excavator Standard and Optional EquipmentStandard and optional equipment may vary. Consult your Cat dealer for details.Standard Optional CABROPS, standard sound suppression 9 Mechanically adjus t able seat 9Air-adjustable seat with heat (Deluxe only) 9 High-resolution 2 03 mm (8 in) 9LCD touchscreen monitorHigh-resolution 2 54 mm (10 in) 9 LCD touchscreen monitorCAT CONNECT TECHNOLOGYCat Product L i nk 9Cat GR A DE with 2D 9Cat GR A DE with Advanced 2D 9 (not available on SL R)Cat GR A DE with 3D (not available on SLR) 9 Cat GR A DE with Assist 9Cat PAY L OA D9ENGINEThree selectable power modes 9Auto engine idle shutdown 94 6° C (115° F ) ambient cooling capacit y952° C (12 5° F ) high-ambient cooling capacit y9– 32° C (–2 5° F ) cold star t capabilit y9Reversing electric cooling fans 9Biodiesel capabilit y up to B2 09 HYDRAULIC SYSTEMBoom and stick regeneration circuits 9Boom and stick lowering check valves 9 Auto hydraulic warm up 9Auto t w o-speed travel 9Boom and stick drif t reduction valve 9Hammer return filter circuit 9 Combined flow/high-pressure 9 auxiliar y circuitMedium-pressure circuit 9 Quick coupler circuit for Cat Pin Grabber 9Standard Optional BOOM AND STICKS5.7 m (18'8 ") reach boom, 2.9 m (9'6") stick 98.8 5 m (29'0 ") SL R boom, 6.2 8 m (20'7 ") 9 SL R s t ickUNDERCARRIAGE AND STRUCTURES6 00 mm (24") triple grouser shoes 970 0 mm (2 8") triple grouser shoes 979 0 mm (31") triple grouser shoes 99 00 mm (3 5") triple grouser shoes 9 Tie-down points on base frame 942 00 kg (9, 300 lb) counter w eight 9for HD boom and stick470 0 kg (10, 400 lb) counter w eight 9for SL R boom and s t ickELECTRICAL SYSTEMTwo 1, 000 CCA maintenance-free bat t eries 9 Programmable time-delay L E D 9working lightsLED chassis light, lef t-hand/right-hand 9boom lights, cab lightsSERVICE AND MAINTENANCESampling por t s for Scheduled Oil Sampling 9 (S·O·S)Ground-level and plat f orm-level engine 9oil dips t icksRemote flash 9SAFETY AND SECURITYRear v iew camera 9Right-hand-side camera 9* 9* Right-hand mirror 93 60° visibilit y9 Ground-level engine shutof f switch 9Right-hand handrail and hand hold 9Signaling /warning horn 9*Europe standard; other regions optional.Cat® 320 Hydraulic Excavator Technical SpecificationsEngine Model Cat C 4.4 ACER T Gross Power – ISO 14 396/SA E J19 95 12 2 kW 16 4 hp Net Power – ISO 924 9/SA E J13 49121 kW 162 hp Engine RPMOperation 1,65 0 rpmTravel 1, 800 rpmBore 10 5 mm 4 in Stroke 127 mm 5 in Displacement 4 .4 L 269 in 3Main System – Maximum Flow (Implement) 42 9 L /min 113 gal /min Maximum Pressure – Equipment – Normal 3 5 0 00 kPa 5,0 75 psi Maximum Pressure – Equipment –Heav y L i f t Mode3 8 0 00 kPa 5, 510 psi Maximum Pressure – Travel 34 3 00 kPa 4, 974 psi Maximum Pressure – Swing 2 6 8 00 kPa 3, 886 psiOperating Weight – Nor t h America 2 2 5 00 kg 4 9,6 00 lb • Reach boom, R2.9 m (9'6 ") stick, HD 1.19 m 3 (1.5 6 yd3) bucket and 79 0 mm (31 in) triple grouser shoes, 4.2 mt (9, 300 lb) counter w eight.Operating Weight – E urope/Australia21 9 00 kg 4 8, 300 lband New Zealand• Reach boom, R2.9 m (9'6 ") stick, HD 1.19 m 3 (1.5 6 yd3) bucket and 6 00 mm (24 in) triple grouser shoes, 4.2 mt (9, 300 lb) counter w eight.Fuel Tank 3 45 L 8 6.6 gal Cooling System 2 5 L 6.6 gal Engine Oil 15 L 4 gal Swing Drive (each) 5 L 1. 3 gal Final Drive (each) 5 L 1. 3 gal Hydraulic System (including tank) 2 34 L 61.8 gal Hydraulic Tank 115 L 3 0.4 gal DEF Tank 3 9 L 10.3 gal Boom Reach 5.7 m (18'8 ") Stick Reach 2.9 m (9'6 ") Bucket 1.19 m3 (1.56 yd3) Shipping Height (top of cab) 2 960 mm 9'9 " Handrail Height 295 0 mm 9'9 " Shipping Length 95 30 mm 31'3 " Tail Swing Radius 2 830 mm 9'3 " Length to Center of Rollers 3 650 mm 12'0 " Ground Clearance 470 mm 1'7 " Track Gauge 2 380 mm 7'9 " Transpor t W i dth – 6 00 mm (24") Shoes 2 980 mm 9'9 " Transpor t W i dth – 79 0 mm (31") Shoes 3170 mm 10'5" Counter w eight Clearance 10 48 mm 3'5"Stick Reach 2.9 m (9'6 ") Bucket 1.19 m3 (1.56 yd3) Maximum Digging Depth 6 72 0 mm 2 2'1" Maximum Reach at Ground Level 9 860 mm 32'4" Maximum Cut t ing Height 9 370 mm 3 0'9 " Maximum L o ading Height 6 490 mm 21'4" Minimum Loading Height 2170 mm 7'1" Maximum Depth Cut for 24 40 mm (8'0 ")Level Bot t om655 0 mm 21'6 " Maximum Ver t ical Wall Digging Depth 519 0 mm 17'0 " Bucket Digging Force (ISO) 15 0 kN 3 8, 811 lbf S t ick Digging Force (ISO) 10 6 kN 2 3, 911 lbf Bucket Digging Force (SA E) 13 4 kN 3 0,10 4 lbf S t ick Digging Force (SAE) 10 3 kN 2 3,212 lbf Boom Reach 5.7 m (18'8 ")F o r more complete infor m ation on Cat product s, dealer ser v i ces, and indus t r y solu t ions, visit us on t h e web at ww © 2 017 CaterpillarAll righ t s reser v edMaterials and speci fi cations are subject to change wi t hout notice. Featured machines in pho t o s may include addit i onal equipment . See your Cat dealer for available options.C A T, CAT E R PIL L A R, S A F E T Y.C A , t h eir respec t i ve logos, “Caterpillar Yellow ” and the “Power Edge” trade dress, as well as corporate and product iden t i t y used herein, are t r ademarks of Caterpillar and may no t be used wi t hout permission.A E X Q 219 0-01 (12-2 017)Replaces AE X Q 2190Build Number: 0 7A (Nor t h America, Europe, A N Z)。
Cogent® Process-Scale Tangential Flow Filtration System A fully-automated, configurable, TFF system suited for manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals and cGMP process-scale applicationsData SheetThe fully automated Cogent® TFF system isdesigned to separate and purify monoclonalantibodies, vaccines, plasma, and therapeuticproteins. It is ideally suited for both pilot andproduction scale applications, therebysupporting rapid scale up from small to largescale operations.Benefiting from our leading bioprocessknowledge and engineering expertise,the Cogent® Process Scale System is theculmination of 25 years of custom systemdesign and incorporates many unique,innovative and intelligent design features.This system has a very low hold-up volumefor maximum volume concentration andoptimal product recovery, thus enhancingprocess performance.Benefits:•M odular standard options allow the unique system configuration that best matches processrequirements while minimizingupfront investment.•F ull process automation eases the consistent production of preclinical and clinical scalequantities of high-value drug products tocGMP standard.•O ptimized design and component integration ofNovAseptic® valves and TFF cassette holders result in a low minimum working volume and ensuremaximum product recovery.•D esigned to maximize TFF performances in fed-batch, concentration, total recycle orsingle pass mode.•C omprehensive services ensure rapidimplementation and optimized performance.2Configure your system according to your process needs…Option 7: Filtrate conductivityMeasurement of a wide range of products (WFI, buffer solutions, protein solutions) or post CIPOption 1: Tank (50, 100, 200L) Jacketed fortemperature regulationOption 10: Retentate pH In-process monitoring of product volumeOption 13: Tank Outlet Level SwitchAllows to stop the feed pump when air reaches this sensor. E.g: In Mini loop concentration mode, detects the end of the step (tank fully empty).Option 12: TankNovAseptic® GMP mixer Ensures producthomogeneity, specially important duringdiafiltration step. Aseptic design, minimized shearingOption 3: Transfer PumpTransfer of product / buffersinto the feed tank fromany other tank. Allowsfed-batch mode, anddiafiltration.Option 8: Filtrate pHpH monitoring duringcleaning and sanitizationproceduresOption 6: Transfer InletManifoldAllows connecting severalinlets to the transfer pumphead (product/WFI/CIP)at the same time, avoidingmany connections /disconnections...and build a consistent user experience3Total Process Controland ConnectivityThe Cogent® Process Scale system is easily controlled via the Common Control Platform® (CCP®) software, a powerful, intuitive and graphical software that provides real-time monitoring and total in-depth control of your TFF process.Using robust PCs, PLCs, and SCADA® technology, it meets the most stringent standards for connectivity,reliability and ease of use.NovAseptic® GMP mixer Embedded NovAseptic® Valves, Mixer and ConnectorsEngineered for optimal performance, reliability, durability and ease of maintenance.The design and development of each component is based on more than 20 years’ experience, focused on aseptic application. This is why we choose to call it ‘‘Aseptic by Design.”Benefits:•C reate process operations using the recipe editor, monitor or control the process in thehome screen, and create reports for the batch using the configurable report generator•D eveloped under GAMP guidelines and FDA 21 CFR Part 11 compliance-ready, including audit trails and electronic signatures for verification •S ensor combinations can be adapted to process requirements allowing the maximum confidence in process monitoring• U tilities to connect all of your separation unit operations to a central network orDCS (e.g. Delta V)• U sed on multiple unit operations CCP® software provides one familiar interface to simplifysoftware management and reduce learning curvesBenefits:•C omply with cGMP Design Qualification criteria for aseptic processing• N ovAseptic® connector ensures no dead legs and maximum product recovery with zero hold up volume.• C omply with the most stringent cleaning and sterilization requirements • M ixer is clean running and is suitable for general mixing, heat transfer and shearsensitive applications.• R educed bioburden• L ower cost of maintenance• D iamond coated mixer bearings ensure long life and optimum performance.• A bility to mix the “last drop”, ensures complete product recovery4Unparalleled UltrafiltrationPlug and PlayThe Pellicon® Process-scale Holder is uniquely designed to reduce the time required to install and removeTFF cassettes at production scale while keeping the flow path unchanged.The holder can be configured with a manual or hydraulic closure. Hydraulic closure can be done with a hand pump or with an automated hydraulic box which allows local or distant control.Biomax® membranePellicon® 3 cassettes with Biomax® membranes are designed for the filtration of therapeutic proteins, albumin, hormones, vaccines and growth factors. These advanced, high-performance cassettes are ideal for today’s processes that require higher operating pressures, temperatures and higher caustic cleaning regimes. Ultracel® membranePellicon® 3 Cassettes with Ultracel® membrane are the device of choice for today’s higher titer therapeutic antibodies as well as the more demanding filtration processes that require low protein fouling. The new D screen is optimized for applications that require higher viscosity and concentration applications.Benefits:•C ompact footprint• T FF cassettes can be installed/removed quickly • E asy to vent and fully drainable, maximizes product recovery • E asy retrofit from manual to hydraulic closure • F low path unchanged, minimizes future re-qualification and validation effort innew process applicationsBenefits:•R obust, void-free membranes for optimum product recovery and performance consistency • A ll thermoplastic design, protective end cap and integrated gasket provides great processconsistency and ease of use• P redictable and fast process scalability from lab to production scale • R obust product design ideally suited to filtration processes with higher operating pressures,temperatures and caustic cleaning regimes• A utomated manufacturing delivers unbeatable performance consistency and reliability• P roven process expertise and technical support to partner with you from development tofull scale manufacturing• O ptimized flow path for higher flux and resolutionseparation capabilityAir Integrity TestIn order to ensure that the cassettes have been installed properly and has not sustained any damage duringstorage and handling, we recommend integrity testing prior to startup and after each post use cleaning.Air Integrity Test accessories consist of a set of air pressure regulators and fittings including assembly procedureto guarantee an easy plug and play solution.Pellicon® 3 Ultrafiltration CassettesThe tangential flow filtration cassette of choice for demanding filtration processes requiring unbeatable performanceconsistency. For use in applications including: monoclonal antibodies, recombinant and non-recombinant proteins,albumin, hormones, vaccines, and growth factors.5Provantage® Bioprocess Consulting ServicesProvantage® Bioprocess Consulting Services leverage our core expertise, products, services and technologyin downstream production to help solve your business problem or challenge. Our commitment to your project outcomes and timelines is managed with our stage gate approach and a dedicated project manager.Application ExpertiseOur Biomanufacturing Sciences Network (BSN) is a global team of over 85 engineers, scientists and technology specialists who provide expertise and peer-to-peer support in process development and manufacturing. We act as an extension of your team, helping you to minimize potential risk and streamline your operations. With over 3,000 client engagements, our toolkit of best practices will ensure your project is delivered on time and within budget.Design and ImplementFrom lab-scale to pilot and manufacturing facility start-up, EMD Millipore is a partner of choice for providing consultative expertise on current best practices to integrate device, hardware and process technology, and process automation. We can provide consultative evaluations for TFF optimization and operating strategies.DevelopWith our 35+ year history manufacturing and implementing TFF technologies, EMD Millipore application specialists develop reproducible,scalable and robust TFF processes that meet your specific requirements and your required scale. OptimizeStarting with a comprehensive technical assessment and characterization of your existing TFF step, EMD Millipore application specialists can recommend and implement TFF enhancements that use best-practice operating conditions and state of the art processes to deliver an optimized and validatable TFF process at your targeted scale, in a timely manner.TransferDuring the lifecycle of a biopharmaceutical, technical transfers occur at various stages: from research to clinical development to commercial manufacturing, and from one manufacturing facility to another.EMD Millipore leverages experienced technical staff, strong project management, and good documentation practices on both sides throughout the course of transfer activities to ensure a robust and successful transfer. TroubleshootEMD Millipore has extensive experience in troubleshoot-ing and investigating manufacturing, method and process development issues. Our experienced team works together collectively with your technical project team to identify the root cause and to develop a robust, acceptable path forward.67Provantage® implementation servicesIn the biopharmaceutical industry, implementing new equipment with respect to Quality rules and guidelines can be challenging. To help you stay ahead in today’s demanding and competitive production environment,SAT and IQ/OQ Operator training CCP® Software Design CCP® Software Training Support for PQQualification package GMP •••Single Molecule cGMP package ••••Full cGMP package•••••our Provantage® Services group provides unparalleled support for implementation of the Cogent® Process Scale System. With a wide range of comprehensive packages to meet your unique manufacturing requirements, resulting in peace of mind and maximum operational flexibility.Provantage® Lab ServicesEstablishing an effective cleaning and sanitization plan for equipment used is a fundamental cGMP requirement necessary to assure the quality and consistency of your drug substance. Effective and consistent membrane cleaning and sanitization after each process cycle is the single most important factor in maintaining system performance.Cleaning and sanitization after every cycle removesresidual foulants and contaminants from the membrane, preventing batch-to-batch carry over, maintaining optimal performance and maximizing the useful life of the filter cassettes.Effectiveness is measured by the ability to control and eliminate microbial contamination, and to remove process foulants to restore membrane performance such that consistent flux and separation are achieved batch after batch.Our Provantage® TFF Cleaning Services can help you develop cleaning and sanitization procedures that assure the safety and purity of your product and maximize the useful life of your TFF cassettes.Benefits:• Q ualify your system with our IQ/OQ service protocols and use our qualified Field Service Engineers with years of product experience to ensure your system functions as specified in cGMP environments • T rain your operators with an interactive,hands-on courses for either system operation, or advanced CCP® software recipe creation training by certified trainers• G et the support of our experiencedBiomanufacturing Engineers during your Process Performance Qualification • M aintain your system with annual preventive maintenance by qualified Field Service Engineers to ensure the lifetime of the system and ultimately reduce your capital expenditures/offices To place an order or receive technical assistanceIn Europe, please call Customer Service: France: 0825 045 645Germany:***********Italy: 848 845 645Spain: 901 516 645 Option 1 Switzerland: 0848 645 645United Kingdom:***********For other countries across Europe, please call: +44 (0) 115 943 0840Or visit: /offices For Technical Service visit:/techserviceMerck Millipore, the M logo, Provantage, Biomax, Ultracel, Pellicon, Common Control Platform, CCP, Cogent, and the M mark are registered trademarks of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. NovAseptic is a registered trademark of Millipore AB.Lit. No. DS6445EN00 Rev. A 04/2015 PS-14-10900 Printed in USA.©2015 EMD Millipore Corporation, Billerica, MA 01821 U.S.A. All rights reserved.。
Cat® M314 Wheeled ExcavatorHigh Performance with Lower Fuel Consumption• Get the same productivity and results using up to 5 percent less fuel and work longer with a larger fuel tank over the M314F.• The Cat® engine matches your performance and production needs. The engine meets U.S. EPA Tier 4 Final, EU Stage V, and Korea Tier 4 Final emission standards.• Travel between sites is easier with travel speeds up to 37 km/h (22 mph).• From dirt to asphalt, the excavator matches your needs to get the job done in a timely, efficient manner.• The advanced hydraulic system provides the optimum balanceof power and efficiency while giving you the control you need for precise working requirements.• With up to 15 percent more swing torque, you can get the job done faster to move on to the next one.• The dedicated swing pump provides consistent power for better multi-tasking capabilities.• Auxiliary hydraulic options give you the versatility to use a wide range of Cat attachments.• Don’t let the temperature stop you from working. The excavator has a standard high-ambient temperature capability of 52° C (125° F) and cold start capability of –18° C (0° F).• Standard Product Link™ provides location, machine hours, fuel usage, productivity, idle time, diagnostic codes, and other machine data on demand through the VisionLink online interface, helping you improve job site efficiency and lowering operating costs.Work in Comfort• Choose between Deluxe and Premium cab options.• The Deluxe seat is heated and air adjustable while the Premium seat is heated, cooled and adjusts automatically.• Get in and out of the cab easier using the tip-up left console.• Feel more comfortable in the cab while you work with reduced cab vibrations from advanced viscous mounts.• Bluetooth® integrated radio allows for seamless mobile phone connection to listen to music, podcasts and hands-free calling.• Easily adjust to your ideal temperature with the touchscreen monitor or jog dial.• Control the excavator comfortably with easy-to-reach controls.• Stow your gear with plenty of in-cab storage beneath and behind the seat, overhead, and in the consoles. A cup holder, bottle holder, and coat hook are also provided.The Cat® M314 Wheeled Excavator offers easy-to-use controls, tilt rotator integration, a comfortable cab, and increased fuel economy. Save up to 10 percent in maintenance parts along with longer service intervals and 100 percent daily ground level maintenance to save you time and money. Not all features are available in all regions. Consult your Cat dealer for specific configurations available in your region.Cat® M314 Wheeled ExcavatorLower Maintenance Costs• Quickly check and service your machine with daily maintenance points accessible from ground level.• Check the engine oil level quickly and safely from the ground.• Save up to 10 percent in maintenance parts with the new, longer lasting filters.• Track your machine’s filter life and maintenance intervals on thein-cab monitor.• Two levels of fuel filtration protect the engine from dirty diesel.• The new hydraulic oil filter provides improved filtration performance, and longer life with a 3,000-hour replacement interval – 50 percent longer than previous filter designs.• S·O·S SM ports are located at ground level, simplifying maintenance and allowing for quick, easy extraction of fluid samples for analysis.• Keep costs down by sharing attachments with the 313 excavator.Simple to Operate• Start the engine with push-to-start button, a Bluetooth® key fob, smartphone app, or the unique Operator ID function.• Program your power mode and joystick preferences using Operator ID; the excavator remembers your settings each time you go to work.• Navigate quickly on the standard high-resolution 254 mm (10 in) touchscreen monitor or with the aid of the jog dial control.• Not sure how a function works or how to maintain the excavator? Simply access the operator’s manual on the touchscreen monitor.• The auto axle lock presses the pedal for you to reduce your overall number of actions. The machine automatically detects when the service brake and axle need to be locked or unlocked. It releases automatically when you press the travel pedal.Safety• Access daily maintenance points from ground level.• Keep your excavator secure with Operator ID. Use your PIN code on the monitor to enable the push button starting feature.• The standard ROPS cab meets ISO 12117-2:2008 requirements.• Enjoy better visibility into trenches, in each swing direction, and behind you with the help of smaller cab pillars, larger windows, and a flat engine hood design. Rearview and sideview cameras are standard along with optional 360 degree visibility system. • The service platform design provides easy, safe, and quick access to upper service platform; the service platform steps use anti-skid punch plate to prevent slipping.• The standard hydraulic lockout lever isolates all hydraulic and travel functions in the lowered position.• Ground-level shut-off switch stops all fuel to the engine when activated and shuts down the machine.2Cat® M314 Wheeled Excavator Standard and Optional EquipmentStandard and optional equipment may vary. Consult your Cat dealer for details.Combined flow/high-pressureauxiliary circuit✓Quick coupler circuit✓Wide Angle Mirrors✓Ground-level engine shutoff switch✓Handrail and hand holds on serviceplatform✓Signaling/warning horn✓3Cat® M314 Wheeled ExcavatorEngine Model Cat C4.4 Engine Power (ISO 14396)110 kW148 hp Bore105 mm 4 in Stoke127 mm 5 in Displacement 4.4 L268.5 in3• T he C4.4 meets Tier 4 Final, Stage V, and Korea Tier 4 Final emissionstandards.• N o engine power derating required below 3,000 m (9,843 ft) altitude.• E ngine power advertised is the power available at the flywheel when the engine is equipped with fan, air cleaner, exhaust gas aftertreatment, and alternator.• R ating at 2,000 rpmMain System – Maximum Flow Implement270 L/min71 gal/min Maximum Pressure – Equipment35 000 kPa5,076 psi Maximum Pressure – Travel35 000 kPa5,075 psi Maximum Pressure – Swing35 500 kPa5,149 psiSwing Speed9.1 rpm Maximum Swing Torque39 kN·m28,860 lb-ftOperating Weight Minimum15 000 kg33,069 lb Operating Weight Maximum18 000 kg39,683 lb • T ypical configurations include medium stick, 3100 kg (6,834 lb) counterweight, full fuel tank, operator, quick coupler (210 kg/463 lb), bucket (500 kg/1,102 lb) and dual pneumatic tires.Fuel Tank295 L77.9 gal Cooling System24 L 6.3 gal Engine Oil11 L 2.9 gal Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)20 L 5.3 gal Final Drive 2.4 L0.6 gal Hydraulic System (including tank)220 L58.1 gal Hydraulic Tank90 L23.8 gal Boom 5 m (16'6")Stick 2.2 m (7'3") Bucket0.76 m3 (0.99 yd3) GD Shipping Height (top of cab)3315 mm10'11" Shipping Length8210 mm26'11" Tail Swing Radius2150 mm7'1" Counterweight Clearance1260 mm4'2" Ground Clearance335 mm1'1" Undercarriage Length4920 mm16'2" Wheel Base2500 mm8'2"Boom Type VA BoomStick R2.2CB (7'3") Bucket0.76 m3 (0.99 yd3) GD Dump Height7010 mm23' Digging Height5290 mm17'4" Reach at Ground Level8650 mm28'5" Vertical Wall Digging Depth4250 mm13'11"• R ange values are calculated with a tip radius of 1387 mm (4'6"). CW-typebucket (358-8665, GD, 1000 mm/3'3", 0.6 m³/0.73 yd³, with Advansys 70 tips) and CW-20S-D.4.N quick coupler. Breakout force values are calculated with a tip radius of 1224 mm (4'0") and heavy lift on. Pin-On Bucket (358-8619, GD, 1100 mm/3'7", 0.68 m³/0.89 yd³ with Advansys 70 tips) with no quick coupler.• T he air conditioning system on this machine contains the fluorinated greenhouse gas refrigerant R134a (Global Warming Potential = 1430). The system contains 0.85 kg of refrigerant which has a CO2 equivalentof 1.216 metric tonnes.Technical SpecificationsFor more complete information on Cat products, dealer services, and industry solutions, visit us on the web at © 2020 CaterpillarAll rights reservedMaterials and specifications are subject to change without notice. Featured machines in photos may include additional equipment. See your Cat dealer for available options.CAT, CATERPILLAR, LET’S DO THE WORK, their respective logos, “Caterpillar Yellow,” the “Power Edge” and Cat “Modern Hex”trade dress as well as corporate and product identity used herein, are trademarks of Caterpillar and may not be used without permission. VisionLink is a trademark of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in the United States and in other countries.AEXQ2741 (02-2020) Build Number: 07A(ANZ, Eur, N Am)。
OIL-X Die-cast Aluminium Compressed Air FiltersGrade AO General Purpose & Grade AA High Efficiency Coalescing & Dry Particulate Filters (1/4”~ 4”)Coalescing & Dry Particulate FiltersCoalescing filters are the most important items of purification equipment in any compressed air system. They are designed to treat 6 of the 10 main contaminants found in compressed air (aerosols of oil & water and solid particulates such as atmospheric particulate, rust, pipescale and micro-organisms).The origins of modern compressed air filtration can be traced back to domnick hunter in 1963, it was the first company to use microfibre filter media for purification applications, changing the compressed air industry forever. The OIL-X filter range was the first filter range to fully utilise this ground breaking technology and has always been synonymous with high quality compressed air. Now in the 21st century, the OIL-X name remains, but the technology has evolved beyond recognition.Parker domnick hunter OIL-XSince the introduction of the first OIL-X range, Parker domnick hunter has continued to develop both thecompressed air filter and the standards governing compressed air quality.Constantly innovated, OIL-X has become the leading technology for compressed air filtration, providing the exact balance between air quality, energy efficiency andlow lifetime costs.Advantages•Meets or exceeds the requirements for delivered air quality shown in all editions of ISO8573-1, the international standard for compressed air quality •Deep pleated filter element – Filter media is constructed to reduce air flowvelocity and pressure loss whilst providing increased dirt holding capacity, and improved filtration efficiency•Flow management system - Engineered to provide smooth air flow from entry to exit, the filter element design includes a 90-degree elbow, turning vanes and conical flow diffuser to promote a consistent, optimum air flow with minimal pressure loss•Filter Media Optimisation - The flow management system also evenlydistributes compressed air flow throughout the element ensuring optimum filtration performance again with low pressure loss•Parker OIL-X coalescing and dry particulate filters are fully tested – Inaccordance with ISO12500-1 / ISO8573-2 for oil aerosol and ISO8573-4 for particulate•Filtration performance independently validated - by Lloyds Register •Parker OIL-X materials of construction are FDA Title 21 CFR compliant &EX1935/2004 exempt•Air Quality Guarantee - The only filter range to offer a one year air quality guarantee•Housing Guarantee - 10 year guarantee on filter housingsFlow RatesTo correctly select a filter model, the flow rate of the filter must be adjusted for the minimum operating (inlet) pressure at the point of installation.1. O btain the minimum operating (inlet) pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. S elect the correction factor for minimum inlet pressure from the CFMIP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. C alculate the minimum filtration capacity. Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFMIP 4. U sing the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity).Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.Filtration PerformanceTechnical DataProduct Selection & Correction Factorsand fit an external automatic drain.Grade AO General Purpose Coalescing FilterFiltration PerformanceTechnical DataFlow RatesStated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AA High Efficiency Coalescing Filter101000.00010.0010.01OIL-X Grade AO & AA Oil Carryover versus FlowPercentage of Rated FlowO i l C a r r y o v e r (m g /m ³)50750.5125Grade AO (ISO 12500-1 Inlet Challenge 40mg/m³)Grade AA (ISO 12500-1 Inlet Challenge 10mg/m³)Flow RatesTo correctly select a filter model, the flow rate of the filter must be adjusted for the minimum operating (inlet) pressure at the point of installation.1. O btain the minimum operating (inlet) pressure and maximum compressed air flow rate at the inlet of the filter.2. S elect the correction factor for minimum inlet pressure from the CFMIP table (always round down e.g. for 5.3 bar, use 5 bar correction factor)3. C alculate the minimum filtration capacity. Minimum Filtration Capacity = Compressed Air Flow Rate x CFMIP 4. U sing the minimum filtration capacity, select a filter model from the flow rate tables above (filter selected must have a flow rate equal to or greater than the minimum filtration capacity).Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.Filtration PerformanceProduct Selection & Correction Factorsversion and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AO General Purpose Dry Particulate FilterFiltration PerformanceFlow Rates Stated flows are for operation at 7 bar (g) (102 psi g) with reference to 20°C, 1 bar (a), 0% relative water vapour pressure.and fit an external automatic drain.Grade AA High Efficiency Dry Particulate Filter25%50%75%100%20406080100120Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]0140OIL-X Grade AO Coalescing FilterInitial Saturated Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)ISO12500-1 Challenge - 40mg/m³AOPX010AOPX015 & AOPX020AOPX025 & AOPX030AOPX035, AOPX040 & AOPX045AOPX050 & AOPX055OIL-X Grades AO & AA - Differential Pressure Curves25%50%75%100%Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]AOPX010AOPX015 & AOPX020AOPX025 & AOPX030AOPX035, AOPX040 & AOPX045AOPX050 & AOPX0550OIL-X Grade AO Dry Particulate FilterInitial Dry Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)1020304050607025%50%75%100%20406080100120OIL-X Grade AA Coalescing FilterInitial Saturated Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)ISO12500-1 Challenge - 10mg/m³Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]0140AAPX010AAPX015 & AAPX020AAPX025 & AAPX030AAPX035, AAPX040 & AAPX045AAPX050 & AAPX05525%50%75%100%102030405060OIL-X Grade AA Dry Particulate FilterInitial Dry Differential Pressure (25% - 100% Rated Flow)Percentage of Rated FlowD i f f e r e n t i a l P r e s s u r e [m b a r ]070AAPX010AAPX015 & AAPX020AAPX025 & AAPX030AAPX035, AAPX040 & AAPX045AAPX050 & AAPX055W DDWH©2021 Parker Hannifin Corporation. 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Maximizing the performance of your bioprocessBioscience Filtration within Parker HannifinParker Bioscience Filtration is proud to be one of the leading platforms supplying the biopharmaceutical market within the $13 billion Parker Hannifin Corporation.Parker is driven by engineering challenges, always seeking new waysto innovate, combine technologies and collaborate with customers. We listen and respond to your needs to solve your bioprocessing challenges.A commitment to qualityParker Bioscience Filtration’sbiopharmaceutical products aredesigned and manufactured to be usedwithin applications that are most criticalto patient safety. All products aremanufactured in a controlledenvironment and fully validatedwith extractable data for use inbiopharmaceutical applications.A strong focus on raw materials,full traceability of components andcontrolled release of productsensures your process deliversreproducible quality.Global supportWherever in the world you choose tomanufacture, Parker is there to helpyou get the most out of your bioprocess.With multiple laboratory andmanufacturing facilities and a networkof customer support centres operatingin 48 countries worldwide, we can offeryou local, specialized support throughoutyour entire development processfrom R&D though to commercialmanufacturing.Parker Bioscience Filtration is a global supplier of single-use solutions for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Our solutions combine our unique and innovative SciLog® sensing and control technologies with decades of filtration expertise to produce integrated automated single-use systems that will speed up development times, increase efficiency and safety, and guarantee reproducible product quality.512CELL CULTUREMAINTENANCE SYSTEMINTEGRITYTESTINGGROWTH MEDIAPREPARATION34CELL CULTURE HARVESTINGINTELLIGENTLABORATORY-SCALE SYSTEMS125CHROMATOGRAPHYPRODUCTFILTRATION WITHDISPENSEBUFFER PREPARATION& STORAGE4 3TANGENTIAL FLOW FILTRATIONVIRUS INACTIVATIONSciPure • GMP – out of the box mobile processing platforms.• TFF, NFF, media transfer, media prep and bag • Automates a 10 step final bulk filtrationSciLog SELECT GO Expanded PTFE 0.2 micronDuraPure™ Bags• DuraPure™ bags are available in theTETPOR AIRParker Hannifin Manufacturing Ltd Bioscience Filtration - EMEADurham RoadBirtley, Co. DurhamDH3 2SF, Englandphone +44 (0)191 4105121fax +44 (0)191 4105312email: bioscience.emea@parker .com www.parker .com/bioscienceParker Hannifin CorporationBioscience Filtration - North America 2340 Eastman AvenueOxnard, California, USA 93030toll free: 877 784 2234phone: +1 805 604 3400fax: +1 805 604 3401email: bioscience.na@parker .com www.parker .com/bioscienceContactfor further information© 2019 Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved. GL_BP_05_01/20 Rev. 2A Parker Hannifin Manufacturing LtdBioscience Filtration - EMEADurham RoadBirtley, Co. DurhamDH3 2SF, Englandphone +44 (0)191 4105121fax +44 (0)191 4105312email: bioscience.emea@/bioscienceParker Hannifin CorporationBioscience Filtration - North America2340 Eastman AvenueOxnard, California, USA 93030toll free: 877 784 2234phone: +1 805 604 3400fax: +1 805 604 3401email: bioscience.na@/bioscience。
Improved Filtration Performance of Continuous Alumina-fiber-reinforced Mullite Composites for Hot-Gas CleaningSatoshi Kitaoka w and Naoki KawashimaJapan Fine Ceramics Center,Nagoya 456-8587,JapanYoshinobu KomatsubaraMitsui Mining Material Co.,Omuta 836-0062,JapanAkira YamaguchiNagoya Institute of Technology,Nagoya 466-8555,JapanHisao SuzukiShizuoka University,Hamamatsu 432-8561,JapanThe effect of filtration layer morphology on filtration perform-ance at 673K was investigated for continuous alumina-fiber-reinforced mullite composite filters that capture fly ash on their outer surfaces.Two types of filtration layers were prepared on the outer surfaces:a mono-layer consisting of mullite agglom-erated particulates and a bi-layer,with mullite whiskers formed by a vapor-phase reaction and strongly adhered to the particu-lates exposed on the outer surfaces.For filters with mono-fil-tration layers,the filtration efficiency was improved slightly by increasing the filtration layer thickness.However,the maximum differential pressure increased during the filtration tests.Adhe-sion of whiskers to the outer surface decreased the maximum differential pressure to about one-third less than that with the mono-filtration layer.This low differential pressure remained constant throughout the duration of the test,with corresponding increases in filtration efficiency.I.IntroductionHOT -GAS particulate filters are key components for advanced coal-based power generation systems such as pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC)and integrated coal gasifica-tion combined cycle (IGCC).Filters should allow easy removal of dust cakes accumulated on the filter surfaces and excellent reversibility of the differential pressure during pulse cleaning.For this reason,adhesion of the dust cakes to the filters should be suppressed as far as possible.Adhesion is generally related to the formation of alkali-containing liquids in the cake and chem-ical reactions between the filter element and the fly ash.1Chem-ical reactions have a particularly strong effect on dust adhesion and make pulse cleaning difficult.To simplify the study of the interaction of fly ash with filters,we have considered a repre-sentative ash containing SiO 2and Al 2O 3(the principal constit-uents)and K 2O (one of the most reactive constituents,whichsignificantly affects the nature of the ash at high temperatures).As the SiO 2–Al 2O 3–K 2O phase diagram indicates,2mullite is one of the equilibrium phases that can form from ashes of simple composition (e.g.,SiO 2:Al 2O 3:K 2O 571:28:1wt%for Ash No.10,distributed by the Association of Powder Proc-ess Industry and Engineering,Japan;SiO 2:Al 2O 3:K 2O 563.8:35.8:0.4wt%for the fly ash that was collected from a hop-per at the PFBC demonstration plant z ).The phase diagram indicates that Al 2O 3reacts with fly ash 3and,therefore,direct contact should be avoided.Because of the poor thermal conductivity of unreinforced ce-ramic filters,however,large temperature gradients form between the inner and outer surfaces of the filters during excessive gas cleaning,or as the result of sudden ignition of char accumulated on the filtration surfaces or from a combination of the two rea-sons.Thermal stresses induced by the temperature gradient lead to catastrophic failure of the filters,4,5resulting in low reliability.To be used successfully,these filters require precise control of operating conditions and constant observation.Continuous-fiber-reinforced filters are expected to show ex-cellent damage tolerance,durability,and reliability.Oxide ma-terials are inherently stable in oxidizing environments such as the PFBC system and have more corrosion resistance to alkali species than the non-oxides SiC and Si 3N 4.6Because of the poor sinterability of mullite,if this material is used as the matrix of the fiber-reinforced filter,the composite must be sintered at high temperatures to increase the bonding strength among the mullite grains.Unfortunately,mullite fibers stable at high temperatures have not yet been produced,so that only high-purity a -Al 2O 3fiber (which has the highest thermal stability,1673K,of any oxide fiber)is available.However,if the Al 2O 3fibers are exposed on the filtration surfaces,the fibers react with the ash cakes,leading to an increased differential pressure of the filters.There-fore,the filtration surfaces of the filters should be fully covered with mullite.We have developed cylindrical composite filters that capture fly ash on their outer surfaces.3The filters consist of a mullite filtration layer and a substrate layer of continuous Al 2O 3-fiber-reinforced mullite matrix composite.The filters were fabricated by dipping a two-dimensional woven sheet of the fibers into a slurry that had been prepared from large mullite particles and an alkoxide-derived mullite precursor solution.The precursor coat-ed onto the large mullite particles formed very fine mullite45J ournalJ.Am.Ceram.Soc.,88[1]45–50(2005)DOI:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00027.xRalf Riedel—contributing editorThis research was supported in part by the Center for Coal Utilization,Japan (CCUJ),under the Next-Generation Coal Utilization Technology Development Study (Environ-mentally Friendly Coal Combustion Technology),promoted by the New Energy and In-dustrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO),under contract from the Ministry of Economy,Trade,and Industry (METI).It has also been supported by Japan Coal Energy Center (JCOAL),under a contract from METI,as a part of regional R&D consortium projects.wAuthor to whom correspondence should be addressed.e-mail:kitaoka@jfcc.or.jpManuscript No.10492.Received August 28,2003;approved July 20,2004.zWakamatsu Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion combined cycle demonstration plant of the Electric Power Development Co.,Japan.particulates during heating.These particulates accelerated the neck growth between the large particles,even at low tempera-tures.Therefore,the precursor allowed the sintering of large mullite particles without Al2O3fiber damage,resulting in in-creasedflexural strength for the composites while inhibiting de-lamination of the wovenfiber sheets.Although the morphology of thefiltration layers strongly af-fectsfiltration behavior,there is limited information on the op-timal morphology for improvingfiltration performance.In particular,if a layer consisting of particles with large aspect ra-tios,such as whiskers,is formed on thefilter surfaces,it can be expected to have a small open pore size and large open porosity, resulting in a decreased differential pressure and more efficient dust removal.In this case,the particles need to be stronglyfixed to thefilter surfaces to prevent them from falling out as a result of shock during gas cleaning.For the present study,the effect offiltration layer morphol-ogy on the performance of continuous Al2O3-fiber-reinforced mullite composites was investigated.Two types offiltration lay-ers were produced on thefiber-reinforced composites:a mono-layer consisting of mullite particulates and a bi-layer with mul-lite whiskers formed by vapor-phase reaction and strongly ad-hered to mullite particulates exposed on the outer surfaces.II.Experimental Procedure(1)MaterialsThe mullite precursor coated onto the large mullite particles ac-celerated sintering of the large particles,resulting in a lower sin-tering temperature without degradation of the Al2O3fibers.3 The precursor solution was prepared by a polymeric sol–gel process from aluminum and silicon alkoxides as follows:7First, tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)was added to dehydrated ethanol (TEOS concentration of10mol/m3).Distilled water and hydro-chloric acid were then dropped into the solution in molar ratios of2and0.1,respectively.The TEOS was partially hydroly-zed by reflux at343K for50h,producing what is hereafter called the silicon precursor.Next,aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OCH(CH3)2)3)at a concentration of10mol/m3was dis-solved in2-methyl-1-propanol at room temperature and ref-luxed at368K for24h.The solution obtained is referred to hereafter as the aluminum precursor.A mullite precursor solu-tion was synthesized by mixing the silicon precursor with the aluminum precursor(Al/Si molar ratio53)and stirring at room temperature for5h.The chemical copolymerization of partially hydrolyzed species resulted in high compositional homogeneity of the precursor solution.A slurry was prepared from the mullite precursor solution and mullite particles(KM101,mean diameter0.75m m;KCM Co.,Nagoya,Japan).The concentration of the mullite particles was25wt%.A two-dimensional woven sheet of a-Al2O3fibers (ALMAX,Al2O3purity of99.5wt%,mean diameter10m m; Mitsui Mining Material Co.,Tokyo,Japan)was vacuum infil-trated with the slurry.The infiltrated sheet was wound around an Al2O3cylindrical mold and then dried during rotation at100 rpm to prevent gravity segregation of the slurry in the sheet.The centrifugal force induced by the rotation moved part of the in-filtrated slurry to the outer surface of the sheet,resulting in the buildup of a mullite layer on the outer surface.Next,the sheet with the mold was sintered at1673K in air for2h.The cylin-drical composite obtained(outer diameter55mm,thickness 2.5mm,width150mm)is hereafter referred to as sample A.The thickness of the mullite layer on the outer surface of sample A was B5–10m m,which acted as afiltration layer.Thefiber frac-tion of the supporting layer was B30vol%.In case of dustfiltration at the exterior wall of the cylindrical composite,a decrease in pore size from the interior of the cyl-inder to its exterior,as well as a uniform size distribution of the exterior pores,was necessary for easy removal of the cake dur-ing back blowing.To achieve this,two types offilters were pro-duced using sample A as a substrate layer.For onefilter,a slurry consisting of15wt%mullite particles and the precursor solutionwas sprayed onto the outer surface of sample A,and thefilterwas sintered again at1673K,in air,for1h.Thisfilter is referredto as sample B.Anotherfilter was prepared by adhering mullite whiskersonto the outer surface of sample A by a vapor-phase reaction.This whisker-synthesizing method has been referred to in previ-ous studies.8,9First,TEOS and aluminum nitrate enneahydrateAl(NO3)3Á9H2O were dissolved in dehydrated ethanol.AlF3 powders then were added to the solution and fully mixed in.Theamount of AlF3was2wt%of the Al(NO3)3Á9H2O,and the Al/ Si molar ratio of the mixture was3.An ammonia solution wasadded to the mixture and precipitates were produced.The pre-cipitates were dried at573K for24h.A slurry consisting of thedried powder(15wt%),polyvinyl butyral(1wt%),and dehy-drated ethanol was prepared.The slurry was applied liberally to the outer surface of the sample,and the coated sample then was dried at room temperature.The cylindrical composite was placed in an airtight container andfired at1473K for2h.After firing,the surplus mullite whiskers that had formed on the outer surface were removed by ultrasonic washing in water. The edges of the remaining whiskers were strongly adhered to the mullite particles exposed on the outer surface,which was fully covered by the whiskers.Thisfilter is referred to as sample C.When the adhesion of the whiskers to the top surface was achieved at higher temperatures and for longer times than those for sample C,the whiskers on the surface grew,and neighboring whiskers combined,resulting in the formation of plate-like particles.(2)Measurement and AnalysisThefiltration surfaces and cross sections of thefilters were ob-served by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).For sample C, mullite whiskers on the surface were examined by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Chemical analysis,with a spatial resolution of B10nm,was performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and electron diffraction(ED).The po-rosity and distribution of the pores in the composite were meas-ured by mercury intrusion porosimetry.The permeability,k,of thefilters was determined from the relationship between theflow rate and the applied N2pressure, according to Darcy’s law,k¼Lu mD Pð1Þwhere D P is the differential pressure across afilter of thickness L.The superficial velocity,u,of the gas with viscosity,m,is as-sumed to be the same throughout thefilter.Thefiltration performance of the samples was evaluated us-ing an apparatus(Hosokawa Micron Corp.,Osaka,Japan)in accordance with the German VDI/DIN standard3926.10The cylindrical composites were cut into100-mm lengths,and both bases of the cylindrical samples were sealed by the holders in the apparatus.Dust-containing air was sucked inward through the samples,and the dust cakes that accumulated on the outer sur-faces were removed by cyclically blowing air outward.The dif-ferential pressure across the samples was monitored during the filtration tests.A sample offly ash,which was collected from a hopper at the PFBC demonstration plant,was used as the dust for thefiltration tests.Figure1shows the particle size distribu-tion of the dust,which has two peaks.The average diameter of the dust particles was7.4m m.Figure2shows an SEM micro-graph of the dust.Spherical particles,which were probably formed by solidification of melted dust,and agglomerated par-ticles were observed.Thefiltration performance using this dust was evaluated at673K,the upper-limit temperature of the ap-paratus,for a dust concentration of5g/m3,afiltration velocity of0.097m/s,a pulse blowing pressure of0.2MPa,a blowing interval of150s,and a total number of204blowing cycles. These tests were conducted as a preliminary assessment of the46Journal of the American Ceramic Society—Kitaoka et al.Vol.88,No.1performance of the filters,which in practice would be used at temperatures 41100K.The dust passing through the filter samples was captured with filter paper.The average dust con-centration in the clean gas after filtration was determined by di-viding the mass of the captured dust by the total amount (5.1m 3)of clean gas that passed through the filter paper.The filtra-tion efficiency,Z ,was calculated as follows:Z %ðÞ¼1ÀC =C i ðÞÂ100ð2Þwhere C i and C are the dust concentrations before and after fil-tration,respectively.III.Results and DiscussionFigure 3shows SEM micrographs of typical cross-sections and filtration layer surfaces of the samples.For sample A,the outer surface was covered with mullite particulates that had accumu-lated on the Al 2O 3fiber sheets.The thickness of the particulate layer was B 5–10m m.This layer consisted of agglomerated mul-lite particles with many pores (less than a few micrometers)among the agglomerates and acted as the filtration layer.Al-though regions among the fiber bundles were filled with the mullite particulates,there were many pores in the bundles.As shown in Fig.3,large gaps were observed among the bundles and agglomerated particulates.For sample B,the mullite par-ticulate layer,which was 20–30-m m thick,acted as the filtration layer.The filtration surface seemed less uneven,and the pores smaller,among the agglomerates of sample B than in sample A.In sample C,the whiskers were arranged on the particulate layer perpendicular to the outer surface.The thickness of the whisker layer was the same as the length (B 4m m)of the whiskers.The aspect ratio (length/width)of the whiskers was B 15.The filtra-tion surface of sample C was fully covered with whiskers.There were no large depressions,such as those of sample A,and the pores observed on the surface of sample C seemed to be smaller than those of the other samples.Incidentally,the microstructure of the substrate layer of sample C was the same as those of the other samples.The ED pattern of a single whisker corresponded to that of a single crystal of mullite.TEM–EDS analysis of the whiskers indicated an average Si/Al molar ratio of 0.34,similar to the stoichiometric composition (0.33)of mullite.No deteri-orated layers were observed at the interfaces between the mullite whiskers and the mullite particulate layers that had accumulated on the Al 2O 3fiber sheets.We propose a mechanism for the formation of whiskers per-pendicular to the outer surface based on thermodynamic argu-ments.Figure 4shows the equilibrium partial pressures of the gaseous species and stable regions of the condensed phases un-der a constant F (g)partial pressure of 1.3Â10À8Pa,calculated from the decomposition reaction of AlF 3(s)(AlF 3(s)-Al (1)13F (g))as a function of O 2partial pressures at 1473K for the Al–O–F–Si system.As shown in Fig.4,when AlF 3(s)particu-lates exist on the outer surface of the cylindrical composites,the AlF 3(s)reacts with oxygen to mainly produce AlOF 2(g)as follows:AlF 3ðs Þþ1=2O 2ðg Þ!AlOF 2ðg ÞþF ðg Þð3ÞConsequently,an oxygen potential gradient forms on the outer surface.Under O 2partial pressures of o 3.2Â10À24Pa,the partial pressure of AlF (g)is the highest of all the gaseous species in the system.The partial decomposition reaction of AlF 3(s)can be represented as follows:AlF 3ðs Þ!AlF ðg Þþ2F ðg Þð4ÞFor O 2partial pressures of 43.2Â10À24Pa,the partial pressure of the AlF decreases,and the AlF condenses into Al 2O 3.AlF ðg Þþ3=4O 2ðg Þ!1=2Al 2O 3ðs Þþ3F ðg Þð5ÞUnder O 2partial pressures of o 9.6Â10À19Pa,silicon species in the vicinity of the AlF 3(s)particulates change to Si (s),accompa-nied mostly by the production of SiF 4(g).When O 2partial pres-sures are 49.6Â10À19Pa,SiF 4(g)condenses into SiO 2as follows:SiF 4ðg ÞþO 2ðg Þ!SiO 2ðs Þþ4F ðg Þð6ÞThe Gibbs free energy for the formation of mullite from Al 2O 3and SiO 2at 1473K is À20.7kJ/mol.Therefore,when both Al 2O 3and SiO 2coexist as stable phases at higher O 2partial pressures,as shown in Fig.4,mullite may be produced accord-ing to6AlOF 2ðg Þþ2SiF 4ðg Þþ7=2O 2ðg Þ!3Al 2O 3Á2SiO 2ðs Þþ20F ðg Þð7Þ10−1100101102103Diameter, µm543210V o l u m e , %d av = 7.4 µmFig.1.Particle size distribution of the flyash.Fig.2.SEM micrograph of the fly ash.January 2005Filtration Performance of Mullite Composites for Hot-Gas Cleaning 47Because the oxygen partial pressure at convex points on the mullite particulate layer on the outer surface of the composite is higher than in the troughs,the convex points may serve as nu-cleation sites for the vapor-phase reaction,forming mullite is-lands.Since the tip of the island is exposed to a higher oxygen partial pressure than the edges,the islands will grow perpendic-ular to the outer surface to form whisker-shaped mullite crystals.Because the pore size distributions of the filtration layers alone are difficult to evaluate and separate from those of thesubstrate layers,pore size distributions were measured for the entire sample.The thickness ratios of the filtration layers to the samples were o 1%.Consequently,the measured distribu-tions correspond most closely to those of the substrate layers.The distributions of all the samples were very similar.Figure 5shows the pore size distribution of sample C,as an example.As shown,the distribution consisted mainly of three peaks.The pores 4100m m in Fig.5probably correspond to crevices be-tween the fiber bundles and/or sheets.The pores of micrometer size are probably gaps in the fiber bundles,and those measuring o 1m m correspond to the pores among the agglomerated par-ticulates and/or whiskers.Table I lists the properties of the samples.The average pore size and porosity of each sample were B 50m m and 50vol%,respectively.The sample permeabilities were 2Â10À12m 2toFig.3.SEM micrographs of typical cross sections and filtration layer surfaces in each sample.105− 5− 10− 15− 45− 35− 25− 15− 55()PLog − 40− 30− 20− 100()i P L o g Fig.4.Equilibrium partial pressures of gaseous species and stable re-gions of condensed phases under a constant F (g)partial pressure of1.3Â10À8Pa,which is calculated from the decomposition reaction of AlF 3(AlF 3-Al (1)13F (g)),as a function of O 2partial pressures at 1473K for the Al–O–F–Si system.All pressures in the figure are inpascals.10100.40.30.20.10.30.20.10C u m u l a t i v e i n t r u s i o n , m l /gL o g d i f f e r e n t i a l i n t r u s i o n , m l /gDiameter, µm0Fig.5.Pore size distribution in sample C.48Journal of the American Ceramic Society—Kitaoka et al.Vol.88,No.13Â10À12m 2.Therefore,the permeation behavior of the samples was almost the same as for the clean gas without dust.During the filtration performance tests,because the gas flow in the inward direction through the samples caused the dust to accumulate on the outer surfaces of the samples,the differential pressure across the samples gradually increased.When the dust cake on the outer surface was removed by pulse blowing,the differential pressure drastically decreased.Figure 6shows pro-files of the differential pressures for the samples during the tests.The horizontal time axis in Fig.6is too long to show the pres-sure loss signal during one filtration-blowing cycle of 150s.However,the time dependence of the maximum differential pressure is shown.To illustrate clearly the pressure loss signals after 6h,where the maximum differential pressures for the sam-ples were at steady state,magnified portions of each profile are shown in their sets.If the pressure difference suddenly increased and quickly reached a constant value,the channels in the filtra-tion layer immediately filled with the dust,blocking the flow of gas into the filter.On the other hand,if the pressure difference increased during filtration,the dust cake apparently grew with-out blocking the filtration layer.The maximum differential pressure of sample A (Fig.6(a))increased with time for B 1h,after which it remained constantat 3kPa.The pressure difference under steady-state conditions suddenly reached a constant value immediately after the dust-containing air had been sucked inward through the sample and remained constant until the air was blown outward.This result suggests that a large amount of residual ash particles had be-come trapped in the filtration layer when the air was blown outwards,thereby blocking the gas flow in the inward direction.The particles captured on the filtration layer surface probably could easily enter the pores formed among the agglomerated particles,so that they became completely surrounded by the pore walls.As shown in Fig 6(b),although the time dependence of the maximum differential pressure of sample B was similar to that of sample A when the thickness of the filtration layer was increased,the maximum differential pressure of sample B was larger than that of sample A.However,for sample C (Fig.6(c)),adhesion of the whiskers to the outer surface dramatically de-creased the maximum differential pressure to about one-third lower than those of the other two samples,and this value re-mained constant during the test.The pressure difference at steady state gradually increased as the dust-containing air was breathed,but it did not become saturated.This finding suggests that dust accumulated on the whisker surfaces could be removed easily by pulse cleaning.Table II lists the filtration properties of the samples.The fil-tration efficiencies of the samples were all very high and very similar.The amount of captured dust for the samples differed by 0.58mg/m 3,a small but significant amount.For sample A,the dust concentration in the clean gas after filtration was 1.37Â10À3g/m 3,and the filtration efficiency was 99.973%.The filtration efficiency of sample B was slightly better than that of sample A,but the increased filtration-layer thickness led to an increase in the maximum differential pressure during the filtration tests.The filtration efficiency of sample C was the highest among all the samples (Table II).The low maximum differential pressure and high filtration efficiency were achieved simultaneously by the addition of the whisker layer for the following reasons:First,the large po-rosity and small pore diameters of the whisker layer maintained high permeability.Second,because the whiskers were perpen-dicular to the outer surface,the captured dust was in point con-tact with the edges of the whiskers and,thus,easy to remove during pulse cleaning.The whiskers rarely broke away or failed during the tests,retaining the same morphology as before the testing.IV.ConclusionsThe filtration performance of alumina-fiber-reinforced mullite composite filters with respect to fly ash was evaluated at 673K.For filters with mullite particulate filtration layers,although the filtration efficiency was improved slightly by increasing the fil-tration layer thickness,the maximum differential pressure dur-ing the filtration tests also increased.Adhesion of whiskers to the top surface,with a thickness of only one grain,dramatically decreased the maximum differential pressure over that achieved with particulate filtration.A constant maximum differential pres-sure was maintained throughout the testing.The filtration effi-ciency of the whisker-containing filter was the highest of all three filters.The whiskers remained intact and did not fail during the tests.Table I.Properties of SamplesSample A BCOpen pore size (m m)525454Open porosity (vol%)544951Permeability (m 2) 2.92Â10À12 2.35Â10À12 2.75Â10À12280D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e , k P aTime, h642806428D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e , k P aD i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s u r e , k P aFig.6.Characteristic pressure loss signals for (a)sample A,(b)sample B,and (c)sample C.Table II.Filtration Performance of SamplesSampleABCDust concentration after filtration (g/m 3)1.37Â10À3 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