初中英语学科知识及教学能力必背资料

教资•初中英语•科三《英语学科知识与教学能力》第一章考点总结●非谓语V.●不定式●to do●分词●现在分词●doing●过去分词●done●动名词●基本用法●做主语●可以用it做形式主语It is no use saying that again and again. (动名词saying, it做形式主语)●Painting is his hobby.(Painting做主语)●做表语●My favorite sport is swimming.●作定语表示所修饰词的用途或性能●Don't forget to bring the sleeping bags.(动名词sleeping作为定语，修饰bags。

)●固定搭配后面+doing●consider考虑●suggest, advice建议●look forward to期待●excuse, pardon抱歉●admit承认●delay, put off迟到●fancy想要，喜欢●avoid避免●Can't help情不自禁●mind介意●allow, permit允许●escape逃跑，逃避●动名词的复合结构名词所有格/ 形容词性物主代词+动名词（one's doing）●介意我开窗。

Mind my opening。

(主要强调人“我”)●Her being late made boss angry(复合形式, 在动词made前做主语)●时态语态●●独立主格有两个句子，且两个句子的主语不是指同一个。

●句子中已经有完整的谓语时●there being+名词/代词表示“有”●There being nothing else to do, they went home.●it being+名词/代词表示“是”●It being a holidaym, all the shops were shut.●名词/代词+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前没有修饰词●A young lady came over, dictionary in hand.●with/without+宾语+介词短语介词短语前后的名词前有修饰词●A young lady came over, with a dictionary in her hand.。

《英语学科知识与教学能力》（初级中学）一、考试目标1.英语学科知识与能力具有扎实的英语语言基础知识和语言能力；具备从事初中英语教学所需要的英语语言能力；能理解有关英语国家的语言、历史和文化等相关知识。

2.英语学科教学知识与能力掌握外语教学基本理论、英语教学专业知识与国家英语课程标准内容等学科教学知识，并能用以指导初中英语教学。

3.英语学科教学设计能力能够根据英语学科特点，针对初中学生的认知特点、语言水平和学习需要选择并设计合理的教学内容，形成完整合理的教学方案。

4.英语学科教学实施能力理解初中英语课堂教学实施的基本原则和方法，具备实施语言课堂教学的基本能力；能够根据教学设计，结合教学实际情况，采用恰当的教学手段，引导学生进行有效学习。

5.英语学科教学评价知识与能力了解初中英语课堂教学评价的基本知识和方法，能够对学生的语言学习进行恰当的评价；了解教学反思的基本方法和策略，能够对自己的课堂教学实践进行反思，提出改进的思路。

二、考试模块内容与要求（一）语言知识与能力1.掌握英语语言的基础知识，了解语言研究中与英语教学相关的基本概念和知识，并能在课堂教学中加以运用。

2.具有良好的英语语言运用能力，包括用英语进行书面表达、获取教学资源和信息、表达思想情感和与学生良好沟通的能力；能够筛选并改编适合初中学生英语水平的语言材料。

3.能够在语篇中理解英语国家的语言、历史和文学等相关的社会文化知识。

（二）语言教学知识与能力1.了解外语教学基本理论，理解语言观、语言学习观、语言教学观等对初中英语教学的指导作用。

2.理解《义务教育英语课程标准（2011 年版）》的目标内容（语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识），以及课程标准的其他相关知识，并能在教学设计与实施中运用。

3.掌握英语语言知识（语音、词汇、语法、语篇等）的教学基本原则、讲解和练习方法。

4.掌握英语语言技能（听、说、读、写）的教学原则和训练方法。

5.能结合中外社会文化语境，设计并实施英语知识和技能的教学与训练。

初中英语教学大纲中要求掌握的各类单词
1.基础词汇：包括常见的名词、形容词、动词和副词等。

要求学生掌握常见的单词，能够理解和使用这些单词进行基本的对话和表达。

2.专业词汇：根据教材所涉及的主题或学科，要求学生掌握一些专业词汇，比如科学、地理、历史等方面的词汇，以便学生能够理解和阅读相关的教材和文章。

3.词组和固定搭配：要求学生掌握一些常见的词组和固定搭配，比如动词短语、形容词短语和副词短语等，以提高学生的语言表达能力。

4.同义词和反义词：要求学生学会辨析同义词和反义词，提高学生的词汇量，扩大学生的词汇视野。

5.各类词汇拓展：要求学生通过学习词根、词缀和派生词等，拓展词汇量，提高学生的词汇掌握能力。

总的来说，初中英语教学大纲要求学生掌握各类单词，注重学生的词汇量和词汇掌握能力的提高，以便学生能够更好地理解和使用英语进行交流和表达。

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) —What did Mr. Black do in the middle of the night? —Well，I’m not sure, but he was often heard→ ←.A. singing the same songB. to sing the same songC. sing a same songD. to be playing same song2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) There was one shop in the town of Mufulira, which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter, a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting, but when their turn came to be served, were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing, and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in.I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand, he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employer when speaking to his servants.I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English, "Even though you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you."I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out, for he was one of the old schools; however, I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore, all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did, and I well remember him saying tothe manager, "Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council, and you treat him like a common servant. "The manager of the drugstore apologized and said, "If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was, then, of course I should have given him proper service. "I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store? I want to prove that any man of any color, whatever his position, should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. Why didn't the writer wait at the window of the drugstore like other black African?→ ←A. Because he thought he was educated and should be treated differently.B. Because he thought, being an important person, he should not be kept waiting.C. Because he thought his white friends would help him out.D. Because he wanted to protest against racial discrimination.3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher gets an incorrect answer from students, it is most appropriate for him or her to say"_____"in order to encourage them.A. No, I don't like your answers.B. Nonsense, it is not what I want!C. Your answer is far beyond the point.D. You missed the point, but I'm glad you mentioned another point.4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I’m going to study engineering in Peking University tomorrow.—→ ←.A. All the best in your studyB. All the best with your studyC. All the best in your businessD. All the best in your new job5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. The passage suggests that mobile office is necessary, especially when→ ←.A. you need to make some urgent modifications on your workB. you need to read and reply faxes and e-mailsC. you are out of the office to attend meetingsD. you can put the mobile office into your pocket6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following assumptions about vocabulary learning contradicts the modem language teaching theories?_______A. The best way to learn words is to use them.B. The best way to learn vocabulary is via rote-learning.C. An English dictionary is an important aid to students.D. Learning a word involves learning more than just the word itself.7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —What about→ ←supper that we had in that restaurant last week?—Well,→ ←most worst one indeed.A. /; theB. /;aC. the ; theD. the; a8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) "There is a senseless notion that children grow up and leave home when theyre 18, and the truth is far from that," says sociologist Larry Bumpass of the University of Wisconsin. Today, unexpected numbers of young adults are living with their parents, "there is a major shift in the middle class," declares sociologist Allan Schnaiberg of Northwestern University, whose son, 19, moved back in after an absence of eight months.Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest. The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its pleasantness particularly attractive to young people.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally hurt survivors back to parental shelters. For some, the expense of anaway-from-home college education has become so excessively great that many students now attend local schools. Even after graduation, young people find their wings clipped by skyrocketing housing costs.Living at home, says Knighton, a school teacher, continues to give her security and moral support. Her mother agreed, "Its ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent. It makes sense for kids to stay at home. " But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. Michelle Del Turco,24, has been home three times and left three times. "What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains. "He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to hide away or meet them at friends house.Just how long should adult children live with their parents before moving on? Mostpsychologists feel lengthy home comings are a mistake. Children, struggling to establish separate identities, can end up with "a sense of inadequacy, defeat and failure." And aging parents, who should be enjoying some financial and personal freedom, find themselves stuck with responsibilities. Many agree that brief visits, however, can work beneficially.One of the disadvantages of young adults returning to stay with their parents isthat→←.A. there will inevitably be inconveniences in every day lifeB. most parents find it difficult to keep a bigger family goingC. the young adults tend to be overprotected by their parentsD. public opinion is against young adults staying with their parents9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Polyester (聚酯)is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.Since 1982 it has opened three new factories producing "Melinar", the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in giant two-liter containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them, A new plastic had to be made.Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be reused. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming. The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICIs commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester?_→←A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.C. The public like traditional glass bottles.D. Shop-keepers dislike reusable bottles.10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The mode of operation in passing laws in the U. S. Congress has many____but there is no attempt being made to improve it.A. optionsB. solutionsC. advantagesD. drawbacks11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Sam h as been appointed→ ←manager of the engineering department to take→ ←place of George.A. /;/B. the; /C. the; theD. /; the12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the overall goal of English teaching in basic education stage?→ ←A. Increase students' vocabulary and grammar of the knowledge.B. Improve the students' English learning and foreign cultural interesting.C. Cultivate the students' ability of listening and spoken English.D. Cultivate students' comprehensive capability of language.13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The notice has been told everyone→ ←a party will be held in the open air tomorrow.A. whetherB. whenC. whereD. that14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The classroom teaching environment consists of classroom environment and→ ←.A. social environmentB. communication environmentC. practice environmentD. game environment15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a suitable pre-listening activity?______A. Writing a similar text.B. Discussing a relevant picture.C. Writing questions about the topic.D. Associating vocabulary with the topic.16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage TwoRespect is not included in the marriage vows. No illustrated books show how to achieve it. And yet it is central to a lasting, satisfying marriage.What is this thing called respect? It is not the same as admiration. "When you fall in love, you admire the other, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds, associate clinical professor of psychiatryat the New York University, School of Medicine.” You look up to someone-much the way a child idealizes a parent.”Such romantic admiration thrives and even depends on the illusion that he or she is "perfect for you.95 Thafs why it doesnt last. "You come to see that the person you married isnt exactly what you expected.", says Francine Klagsbrun. "There are differences of personality, of approaches to life, different ways of doing things. ”You can try to change your mate back into your fantasy. But for the marriage to last and grow its better to →agree to disagree←, to learn to let each other be. Only by taking this path can you begin to develop real respect toward each other.“I have one patient whose husband loves sports，especially tennis，”says Dr. Symonds.” She would prefer to go to the theatre, or to stay at home and read. She could simply say, ‘We have different tastes.’ Instead, she says, How can he waste his time and money that way? She puts him down."The put-down is the chief symptom and weapon of lack of respect or contempt. "Contempt is the wors t kind of emotion.” says Symonds. "You feel the other person has no worth.’ We’ve all seen marriages in which one or both partners attack the other quite savagely in the guise of Its for your own good. Any "good" is→ undone ←by the hostile tone. A wife nag s her husband to be more ambitious and makes him feel like a failure because he prefers craftsman- ship or community projects to the competitive business world. Or a husband accuses his wife of wasting time whenever she gets together with a friend. "Why isnt she doing something productive?"In good marriage partners nurture each others self-esteem. They may express humorous incomprehension of one anothers preferences, but they never make the other person feel like an idiot. "Martyrs idea of a vacation is to go down to the basement on a sunny day and spend time woodworking, "says Dr. Alexandra Symonds of her husband, psychiatrist and surgeon Martin Symond.But theres fondness in the gibes and firm support for the others right to be himself. Respect is expressed in words like. ul dont want to go to the concert, but you have a great And occasionally, "Sure, III come with you. Just dont him angry if I fall asleep. " Respect, then is appreciation of the separateness of the other person, of the ways in which he or she is unique. These things take time to discover and accept.Thats the paradox of a good marriage: only by respecting each other as you are do you open the door to change. The root meaning of the word respect is "to look at". Respect is a clear yet loving eye. It sees what is really there, but it also sees what is potentially there and helps bring it to fruition. Respect is the art of love by which married couples honor what is unique and best in each other.The underlined word "undone" in Paragraph 7 suggests that_____.A. what you said reversed what you meantB. what you said was not what you meantC. what you said meant nothing to your partnerD. what you said failed to touch the heart of your partner17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is believed that the feeding patterns parents→ ←on their children can determine their adolescent and adult eating habits.A. compelB. imposeC. evokeD. necessitate18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?—→ ←, does it?A. It takes no timeB. It counts for nothingC. It doesn’t hurt to askD. It doesn’t make sense19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he / she aims at developing students, ( ).A. discourse awarenessB. cultural awarenessC. strategic competenceD. linguistic competence20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —Excuse me. Could you tell me→ ←?—Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.A. where can I buy some CDsB. where I can buy some CDsC. when can I buy some CDsD. when I can buy some CDs21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Trees should only be pruned when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and, fortunately, the number of such reasons is small. Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches, and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have a desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the centre and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease, but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce which has been pruned smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hurts and then paint it with one of the substances available from gardenshops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually without interference fromthe leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed If this does happen,it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly. Pruning should be done to→ ←.A. make the tree grow tallerB. improve the shape of the treeC. get rid of the small branchesD. make the small branches thicker22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ionsin the air can have an ill effect on peopled physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generallythere is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharavare blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets, duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air, many people experience un- pleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earth- quakes snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee fromtheir burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling ofwell-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountainswith tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionizers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionizers not onlydean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims andare skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore, people can only make up theirown minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat. Some scientists believe that→ ←.A. watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB. the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC. neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD. earthquake is destructive23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following best describes first language acquisition?→ ←A. Care-taker talkB. Minimal pair practiceC. Selected inputD. Timely error correction24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←method of teaching writing pays great attention to the accuracy of the final product but ignores the process, which the students go through to reach the final goal.A. Form-orientedB. Product-orientedC. Content-orientedD. Process-oriented25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When he first arrived in China，he wondered what the future might have→ ←for him. But now all his worries are gone.A. in timeB. in needC. in preparationD. in store26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is reported that some scientists in the United States have found a new→ ←for Cancer.A. wayB. answerC. approachD. cure27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If you don't go to the cinema weekend,→ ←.A. nor do IB. nor will IC. so do ID. so will I28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00分)Passage OneDonnas’ fourth grade classroom looked typically traditional. Yet something seemed different that day when I entered it for the first time. My job was to make classroom visits and encourage implementing a training program focusing on language arts, ideas that would empower students to feel good about them and take charge of their lives. Donna was one of the volunteer teachers in this project.I sat in the back and watched. All the students were working on the task, filling their notebook paper with thoughts and ideas. A student next to me was filling her page with "I can’t kick the soccer ball." I can’t do long division with more than three numerals." He r page was half full and she showed no signs of letting up. I walked down the row glancing at students papers. Everyone was writing down things they couldnt do.By this time the activity engaged my curiosity. I decided to check with the teacher to see what was going on but I noticed she too was busy writing "I cant get Johns mother to come for a teacher conference." "I cant get my daughter to put gas in the car," "I cant..."Curious and puzzled about what they were doing, I returned to my seat and continued my observations.Students wrote for another ten minutes. They were then instructed to fold the papers in half and bring them to the front. They placed their "I Can’t”statements into all empty shoe boxes. Then Donna added hers. She put the lid on the box, tucked it under her arm and headed out the door and down the hail.Students followed her. I followed the students. Half way down the hall way, Donna entered the custodians room, came out with a shovel, and marched the students out to the farthest comer of the playground. There they began to dig. They were going to bury their "I Cant’s"The digging took over then minutes with dirt. Students stood around the freshly dug grave. At this point Donna announced, "Boys and girls, please join hands and bow your heads." They quickly formed a circle around the grave.They lowered their heads and waited. Donna delivered the eulogy. "Friends, we gathered here today to honor the memory of I Cant. While he was with us on earth, he touched the lives of everyone, some more than others. We have provided I Cant with a final resting place and a headstone that contains his epitaph. He is survived by his brothers and sisters, I Cant, I Will, and Im going to right away. They are not as well known as their famous relative and are certainly not as strong and powerful. Perhaps some day, with your help, they will make an even bigger mark on the world. May I Cant rest in peace and may everyone present pick up their lives and move forward in his absence."According to the passage, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Donna was a volunteer teacher of the training program.B. The author knew what was going to happen when he / she entered the classroom.C. Donnas5 fourth grade classroom appeared to be traditional, resembling many others the author had seen in the past.D. Everyone, regardless of gender, age, and occupation, may encounter many "I can t" in life.29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific, and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen to your business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients. But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With thedevelopment of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phonewith data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.In the eyes of the author, mobile office→ ←.A. has some fatal shortcomingsB. is too expensive to affordC. would be realized in the futureD. has both advantages and disadvantages30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Tom’ s school was on the other side of the road, so he wastold to watch out cars when______the street.A. crossingB. crossC. crossedD. to cross31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In writing,→ ←will give students the opportunityto select from the list those useful ideas to be included in their writing and also to seehow these ideas can be put together in a coherent or logical way to present a convincing argumentA. brainstormingB. mappingC. outliningD. editing32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of consonants differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][z][3][θ]B. [t][z][?][e]C. [s][v][3][p]D. [p][d][z][S]33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You'd better go to bed. There isn't anything on TV worth→ ←up for.A. gettingB. stayingC. risingD. waiting34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We spent a day in the country and picked a lot of flowers.Our car was full of flowers inside! On the way home we had to stop at traffic lights, and there my wife saw the bookshelf. It stood outside a furniture shop. "Buy it," she said at once, "we’ll carry it home on the roof- rack(车顶架). I've always wanted one like that." What could I do? Ten minutes later I was twenty dollars poorer, and the bookshelf was tied。

(完整版)初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点一、学科知识重点1. 英语词汇：学生需要掌握常用单词、短语和固定搭配，建议使用词汇图表和词汇卡片进行记忆和巩固。

2. 语法知识：学生需要掌握基本的句型结构、时态、语态和复合句的使用方法。

教师可以通过练、讲解和示范句子使用来帮助学生掌握。

3. 阅读理解：培养学生阅读理解能力是英语学科的重要目标。

学生需要通过阅读各种类型的文本，进行细节、推理和主旨等层次的理解。

4. 听力理解：学生需要通过听取英语材料来提高听力理解能力。

教师可以利用录音和多媒体设备进行听力训练，让学生熟悉各种不同的语音和语速。

5. 口语交际：学生需要进行日常生活及情景对话练，提高口语表达能力。

教师可以设计各种情境对话，让学生进行真实的口语交流。

二、教学能力重点1. 教学方法：教师应根据学生的不同特点和学科知识的复杂性，采用灵活多样的教学方法，例如讲授、练、小组合作等，以促进学生的积极参与和主动研究。

2. 课堂管理：教师需要具备良好的课堂管理能力，包括制定并执行课堂纪律、组织合作研究活动、关注学生的情感需求等，以创设积极、和谐的研究氛围。

3. 评价与反馈：教师需要及时进行学生研究情况的评价，并给予具体的反馈和指导。

评价方式可以包括口头反馈、书面评价和小组评价等，以帮助学生改进研究效果。

4. 激发学生的研究兴趣：教师应鼓励学生通过多样化的研究任务和活动来培养研究兴趣，例如利用游戏、音乐和影视资源等，激发学生的主动研究意愿。

5. 积极引导学生自主研究：教师应培养学生的研究能力和自主研究能力，例如教授研究方法、培养学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力，从而使学生能够独立进行研究和思考。

以上是初中英语学科知识与教学能力的主要重点。

教师应尽力帮助学生掌握学科知识，培养学生的学习能力和自主学习能力，以便学生能够在学科学习中取得更好的成绩。

希望本文档能对教师们在教学实践中有所帮助。

教资•初中英语•《学科知识与教学能力》考点总结●听力教学●模式●自下而上的听力教学模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●强调语言知识对听力的影响●安排适当听力技能的训练，及词汇、语法知识的讲解听力理解前●自上而下的听力教学模式top-down model （宏观→ 微观）●侧重背景知识的作用●交互式的听力教学模式interactive model （自下而上 & 自上而下的结合）●克服语言、文化障碍听力教学的理想模式●过程（PWP）⭕注重听中●听前环节pre-listening●准备环节激发学习动机，激活已有图式（schema)，帮助学生做好提前准备●活动●介绍相关背景知识●教授生词或重难点句型●学生预测听力材料内容●呈现图片、播放影像，提出开放性问题，引导讨论相关话题●听中环节while-listening●关键环节主要目标：培养信息理解能力、训练听力技能●活动●培养辨音能力的活动discrinination●辨别语音、重弱读、意群●选择听到的单词、句子●根据录音排列单词、句子、图片等●培养交际信息辨别能力的活动identify communication signals●识别对话中的新信息指标语、例证指示语、话题中止语、话题转换指示语等●培养大意理解能力的活动listen for the gist ( 宏观角度 )●理解对话或独白的主题、意图、大意●听录音，判断听前预测是否正确●培养细节理解能力的活动listen for specific information ( 微观角度 )●获取具体信息●培养推理判断和预测能力的活动infer and predict●根据语气、对话内容，推断说话人的意图、态度、说话人之间的关系、预测下文●推测个别表达的作用、代词的指代内容、说话人的身份和态度、对话发生的时间和地点、接下来的情节●培养词义猜测能力的活动guess word meaning●猜测听力材料中出现的陌生表达方式含义●培养记笔记能力的活动take notes●根据听力材料的类型、要求，用简单的符号、数字、有代表性的字母记录所听信息●注意●精听careful listening●通过听材料，把材料内容感知一遍，加深学生对材料细节内容的理解●泛听extensive listening●初步听材料并回答问题，初步了解文章的主旨大意和基本内容●听后环节post-listening●作用：巩固与深化加工重组型信息，加深理解●活动●重要的生词和语法作解释和扩展帮助巩固和拓展所学知识●针对听力材料多角度提问●跟读听力、复述听力材料内容、讨论相关话题●编创对话、角色扮演，培养合作意识●培养想象力、书面表达能力●培养批判思维●评价对话或语篇中事件或说话人的做法●体会对话或语篇背后隐含的意义●策略●培养学生良好的语感●培养语音感觉●培养语意感觉●培养对语言感情色彩的感觉●培养学生良好的听力习惯●听前环节浏览信息●边听边记录，边听边记忆●遇到无法听懂的词句，继续听下去●营造轻松的听力氛围●缓解压力，增强信心●口语教学●内容●语言形式language form●语言内容language content●（交际）功能functions●（文化与交际）策略strategies●原则●平衡流利性与准确性●口语要流利、准确流利：语言顺畅、意义完整表达准确：语音形式正确使用●模仿性口语●及时纠错●交际性口语●允许错误的发生，尽量不打断学生的思路●情境化原则●针对不同教学内容，创设贴近学生生活经历的话语情境●真实性、可操作性，培养跨文化交际的意识和能力●激励性原则●尽可能多的为学生开口说英语创造机会●克服紧张、害怕出错的心理，及时加以肯定和鼓励，及时表扬●信息沟原则●信息沟（information gap)：不同人掌握信息方面存在的差距也叫信息不对称●由于这种差距，人们才有了交际活动●调查survey●讨论discussion●采访interview●发展口语策略原则●加强口语策略的讲解和训练●策略：引出话题、维持交谈、转移与终止话题、引起注意、表示倾听和理解、插话、回避、转码、释义、澄清、求助●听说结合原则●增加语言知识类的语言输入●积累话题的素材●活动多样化原则●兴趣、主动性、参与性●过程( PWP )●说前环节pre-speaking●首要任务：让学生明确口语活动的话题●活动●头脑风暴、阅读材料减少学生的表达障碍●播放语口语活动相关的听力材料了解话题，积累语言素材●说中环节while-speaking●任务注意●学生：在规定的时间内完成口语活动●教师：巡场●活动：要有梯度（简单→ 难）●活动●控制性和机械性活动controlled or mechanical activities●扩展句子expand sentences●朗读read aloud●模仿imitate●复述retell●听写dictate●翻译translate●背诵recite●半控制性或半机械性活动semi-controlled or semi-mechanical activities●情景对话situational conversation●图片描述describe pictures●开放性和创造性活动open or creative activities●涉及信息相互传递，围绕某一话题/问题，以结对/ 小组合作的方式开展●活动●采访interview●调查survey●自由交谈free talk●猜谜游戏guessing game●小组讨论group discussion●角色扮演role-play●辩论debate●即兴演讲impromptu speech●说后环节post-speaking●安排展示和评价活动，帮助学生纠正错误●阅读教学●模式●自上而下的模式top-down m model （宏观→ 微观）●重视背景知识导入，运用自己的知识对文章的下文进行预测●优点●着眼于从整体上把握文章，培养学生的速度能力●缺点●不利于积累和掌握基础语言知识●自下而上的模式bottom-up model （微观→ 宏观）●对材料的理解：从比较小的语言文字单位到比较大的单位●过程：“刺激-反应-强化”阅读，是各项基本的阅读能力的培养和强化●优点●更注重细节●缺点●不利于阅读速度的提升●不能从更高的角度理解文章的深层含义●交互补偿的模式interactive compensatory model●是以上两种模式的结合●过程（ PWP ）⭕注重读中●读前环节pre- reading●激发阅读动机，激活背景知识，减少阅读障碍，做好阅读准备●活动●呈现图片、视频、标题、谜语，预测阅读材料的主题、语境/ 主要内容●教授重点单词、短语、句型●呈现标题、图片、播放视频，介绍阅读材料的背景知识●提出开放性问题●读中环节while-reading●阅读为主，帮助理解阅读材料，训练阅读技能●活动●判断预测是否正确，总结文章大意或段意，给阅读材料拟定标题●找到事实性问题的答案，判断正误，提取信息，完成表格，补全句子，将材料中的事件进行排序●读后环节post-reading●开展评价性和应用性活动，巩固和拓展知识●活动●学生评估自己阅读过程中的表现●根据一定的线索（如：思维导图）复述材料内容，加深阅读材料的理解和记忆●角色扮演●采访活动，调查活动，讨论活动●教师指导学生进行写作，提升书面表达能力●学生对故事类语篇进行简单的续编●制作展板/ 海报，培养创作和动手能力●基本技能●略读/ 跳读skimming●尽可能快的速度，有选择的阅读，跳过某些细节，只抓住文章大意●可着重关注起始段和结尾段、段落的主题句、与主题句相关的信息、标题、架构●寻读/ 查读scanning●通过快速阅读，在文字资料中查询特定的细节信息，带有明确的目的性●利用关键词、小标题、图片、表格等快速定位●猜测词义word-guessing●扩大词汇量的有效方法●利用上下文、同义词、反义词、构词法●预测predicting●借助标题、图片等信息，对文章题材、题材、结构脉络、内容等进行预测文章体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文题材：经济、政治、历史、文化、科普●推理inferring●透过表面意思，领悟言外之意、语气、态度●识别指代关系recognizing the reference●分析、判断、整体阅读、归纳和总结●策略●泛读与精读相结合●阅读与说、写相结合●阅读是一种语言输入，最终应转化为语言输出●激发学生阅读兴趣●阅读材料：趣味性●阅读任务：多样性、丰富性●不同文体侧重不同要点●布置不同的阅读任务●写作教学●模式●重结果product-oriented approach●注重写作成品●重过程process-oriented approach●写作内容与写作过程并重●重内容content-oriented approach●强调写作内容的丰富性主张通过不同渠道收集素材，丰富写作内容●过程( PWP ) ⭕注重写前●写前环节pre-writing●激发写作动机，帮助积累素材，明确写作思路和文章结构（格式），为初稿写作做准备（语言形式、语言结构，词、句型）●活动●头脑风暴brainstorming●讨论或调查discussion/ survey●分析范文analyzing the sample article●绘制思路图/ 思维导图drawing a mind map●用途●可以帮助学生记录并整理思路●学生：组织学习内容，整理知识框架，提升学习效率●教师：制定教学计划，整理教学设计，展示教学内容，提升教学效率●注意事项●相关性●灵活性●适度性●写提纲drawing up an outline●写中环节while-writing●要求：注意检查单词，拼写标点，句子表达，文章结构，时间，内容，主题●写后环节post-writing●对初稿进行推敲、润色、修改、评析、分享●活动●自改与互改self-editing and peer-editing●修订revising●对文章进行修改完善●分享和评价sharing and evaluating●邀请几名学生分享自己的文章，并给予评价●形式●控制性写作controlled writing （重复、机械、练习）●抄写copying●填空blank-filling●完成句子completion●句型转换transformation●造句making sentences●指导性写作guided writing （限制）●段落写作●摘要性写作●基于调查问卷的写作●表达性写作expressive writing （开放性）●随意写作●学生可以随意写他们想写的任何事情●叙述和描述细节●语言水平高的学生，可以根据他们所熟悉的主题写一些小文章●原则●模仿性与应用性相结合●重过程与重结果相结合●写作与听说、阅读有机结合●学习性写作和交际性写作相结合。

1. 语法知识与应用语法知识是英语学习的重要组成部分，初中生在学习过程中需掌握并灵活运用各类语法知识。

包括但不限于：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、介词、连词、冠词等知识点。

通过掌握这些知识，学生能够准确地运用语法规则，提高写作和口语表达的能力。

2. 阅读理解和写作技巧阅读理解是初中英语学习的重点，也是提高语言能力的关键。

在阅读理解中，学生需要通过理解文章的主题、推理作者观点、理解词语和句子的具体意义等来进行文章的分析和理解。

写作技巧方面，学生需要掌握各类写作形式，如记叙文、议论文、说明文等，并学会运用各类句式和词汇来扩展写作的表达能力。

3. 听力训练与口语表达听力训练能够帮助学生提高对英语语音、语调和语速的理解。

通过听力训练，学生能够提高听力水平，在日常交流和听取课堂讲解时能够更加准确地听懂英语表达。

同时，口语表达是英语学习中不可忽视的一部分。

初中阶段，学生需要通过各种口语练习来提高自己的口语表达能力，培养流利自然的口语表达习惯。

4. 词汇积累与拓展在学习英语的过程中，词汇是非常重要的一部分。

学生需要通过积累并记忆大量的词汇来提高自己的英语水平。

同时，在词汇学习中，学生也需要了解词汇搭配和用法，以及如何运用词汇来进行准确的表达和理解。

5. 学科教学常识学科教学常识是指教师应该具备的一些教学基本素养。

包括但不限于：教学目标的确定、教学方法的选择、教学资源的利用、教学评价的方式等。

教师通过掌握学科教学常识，能够更好地指导学生学习，提高学生的学习效果和成绩。

总结：初中英语学科专业知识及学科教学常识是初中英语学习中不可或缺的一部分。

通过掌握语法知识、阅读理解和写作技巧、听力训练与口语表达、词汇积累与拓展以及学科教学常识，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，并在学习过程中获得更好的成绩。

同时，教师在教学中也需具备学科教学常识，以更好地指导学生学习。

人教版初中英语知识点
人教版初中英语是中国人民教育出版社出版的初中英语教材，目前已经出版了七个年
级的教材。

以下是人教版初中英语的一些知识点：
1. 词汇
- 初中英语的词汇主要包括基础词汇、固定搭配和常用短语等。

- 学生需要掌握词汇的拼写、读音和词义。

2. 语法
- 人教版初中英语注重语法的学习和运用，主要包括句子结构、时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气等。

3. 听力
- 初中英语的听力训练旨在提高学生的听力理解能力，尤其是对于日常对话和简单的文章。

- 学生需要学会听懂并回答一些简单问题，并能理解并执行听到的指令。

4. 口语
- 初中英语的口语训练主要围绕日常交流、问答和表达意见展开。

- 学生需要学会用简单的语言进行交流，并能流畅地表达自己的意思。

5. 阅读
- 初中英语的阅读训练注重学生对文章的理解和分析能力。

- 学生需要学会提取关键信息、理解文章的主题和主旨，并能回答相关问题。

这些只是人教版初中英语的一些基本知识点，实际内容还包括课文学习、写作、听写、口语练习等。

如需更详细的信息，建议参考具体的教材资料。

第一局部语言知识及能力第一章英语语言知识二、语音〔〕P781、语音分类发音方式发音部位- 清浊音〔〕- 浊辅音〔〕2、音系学〔〕P79（1）同化规那么〔〕顺同化〔前面带偏后面〕逆同化〔后面带偏前面〕互一样化（2）音节〔〕重音〔〕声调〔〕（3）语音变化〔〕连读爆破音失去爆破；不完全爆破鼻腔爆破；舌边爆破三、形态学〔〕1、词素重点！P87〔1〕自由词素；黏着词素〔2〕词根；词缀〔前缀、后缀〕；词干〔3〕屈折词缀不同形式〔4〕派生词缀改变词性与意义2、〔1〕屈折变化不同形式〔2〕词的形成：复合法派生法〔前缀化后缀化〕3、常见构词法P89新创词；混成法截断法；首字母连写词首字母拼音词；逆构词法类似构词借词法：借词〔法语中借来〕混合借词〔本国加外来〕转移借词〔借用意义〕翻译借词〔从别种语言翻译而来〕4、词义变化词义扩大小鸟鸟类；词义缩小年轻人女孩词义转移；词性转换；俗词源〔错多了成了对的〕四、句法学〔〕P911、句法关系组合关系〔〕构成同一形式、序列或构造聚合关系〔〕各要素可相互替换共现关系〔不同集合的词语一起组成句子〕2、句子构造与成分直接成分分析法〔分析法〕. 用树形图〔〕一般句子，主谓宾之类的向心构造一个词或词组可以确定为中心〔〕或中心词〔〕一般名词/动词/形容词短语离心构造没有确定的中心或中心词 . 一般动宾/系表构造深层构造〔含义一样，说法不同〕表层构造〔句子表述方式〕五、语义学〔〕P931、涵义关系〔〕词汇关系（1）同义关系〔〕同义词文体差异() ；地域差异搭配差异()() ；情感差异；语义差异（2）反义关系〔〕反义词意义相反词等级反义互补反义反向反义关系（3）上下义关系〔〕种类与成员包括上坐标词〔〕与下义词〔〕（4）一词多义〔〕（5）同音/同形异义现象〔〕同音异义同形异义完全同音同形异义岸边；银行2、句子逻辑关系充分必要条件“S P〞P就是S的真值条件〔〕P（1）同义关系“X Y.〞同真同假P95（2）矛盾关系“X Y.〞一真一假（3）蕴含关系“X Y.〞X小，Y大X：Y：（4）预设关系“X Y.〞Y是前提X：Y：a六、语用学〔〕P961、言语行为理论〔〕（1）发话行为〔说话人表达字面意思〕（2）行事行为〔说话人表达意图〕a .（3）取效行为〔作用于听话人的效果〕言外之意〔〕：阐述类；指令类；承诺类；表达类；宣告类2、会话含义理论〔〕违反P97合作原那么〔会话有共同目标〕（1）数量准那么〔信息充分〕（2）质量准那么〔说实话〕（3）相关准那么〔说相关的事〕（4）方式准那么〔清楚简洁防止歧义〕会话含义〔用会话准那么暗示意义〕（1）可推导性〔含义能理解〕（2）可取消性〔〕〔因素变化，含义变化〕（3）不可别离性〔含义依附于内容〕（4）非规约性〔含义不确定〕七、修辞学〔〕问法：修辞策略P981、明喻2、隐喻〔暗含比拟〕3、拟人〔把事物或概念当做人〕4、借代〔用事物的名称代替亲密相关的另一事物〕5、提喻〔局部代替整体或整体代替局部〕6、婉言7、反语〔意思相反〕8、讽喻9、夸大〔夸大或缩小使表达生动有趣〕10、移位修辞11、矛盾修辞12、双关语〔谐音双关；语义双关〕八、语言教学P1001、中介语〔〕2、比照分析〔〕3、错误分析〔〕〔1〕错误〔因为知识缺乏〕失误〔不注意犯错〕〔2〕语际错误〔迁移错误〕因为母语语内错误〔开展性错误〕因为过度概括语言规那么(错) 4、错误性质：省略〔少成分〕；添加〔多成分〕；形式错误〔〕；双重标记〔’t 〕；顺序错误〔〕5、我国外语学习者错误类型〔1〕负迁移/干扰因为母语〔2〕过度类推/过度概括因为过度概括语言规那么〔3〕语用错误违反对方的文化习俗6、第二外语习得理论〔〕〔1〕语言习得与学得假说〔习得与学得两条不同的途径〕〔2〕语言监察假说〔学习者自己监视控制语言输出质量〕〔3〕语言输入假说〔接触理解可理解性语言输入〕〔4〕情感过滤假说〔输入与吸收受到动力、性格、情感状态〕〔5〕自然顺序假说〔可以不按任何语法顺序来教学〕第二章英语语言运用能力一、教学中的非语言交际1、非语言手段P118环境语〔座位安排、时间信息、室内标示装饰、声音灯光等〕客体语〔个人，衣着化装、个人用品等〕2、非语言行为体态语〔身姿、手势、表情、目光〕副语言〔声音音质、音量、语调、语速〕第三章英语国家的语言、历史与文学三、语言、文化与社会1、局部构造P131毗邻对〔〕一轮对话（1）毗邻对的条件相关性〔〕优选构造非优选构造相关缺失（2）毗邻对的扩展根毗邻对〔被其他会话扩展之前的毗邻对〕前扩展，指前序列〔〕，包括邀请、请求、完毕、宣告中扩展，包括插入序列〔〕与旁侧序列〔〕后扩展，指后序列〔〕，包括会话修正与主体化2、会话修正会话修正机制三个局部：修正源〔〕、修正的发起〔〕、修正〔〕词汇启动〔〕非词汇启动〔..〕四、语言及文字1、小说语言P134（1）小说及视角第一人称表达者〔I〕第三人称表达者〔〕（2）语言表达及思想表达直接言语〔“F**k 〞〕间接言语〔〕自由间接言语第二局部语言教学知识及能力第一章初中英语课程标准一、初中英语课程根底知识1、英语课程的性质P149.〔工具性与人文性〕2、英语课程的设计思路5 . 2二、英语课程的分级标准P1541、语言技能〔〕2、语言知识〔〕〔语音、词汇、语法、功能与话题〕3、情感态度〔〕〔兴趣、动机、自信、意志与合作精神；祖国意识与国际视野〕4、学习策略〔〕〔认知、调控、交际、资源〕5、文化意识〔〕〔历史地理、风土人情、传统习俗、生活方式、行为标准、文学艺术、价值观念〕三、英语课程的实施建议P1611、教学建议（1）面向全体学生，为每个学生学习英语奠定根底（2）注意语言实践，培养学生的语言运用能力（3）加强学习策略指导，培养学生自主学习能力（4）培养学生的跨文化交际意识，开展跨文化交际能力（5）结合实际教学需要，创造性地使用教材（6）合理利用各种教学资源，提高学生的学习效率（7）组织生动活泼的课外活动，拓展学生的学习渠道（8）不断提高专业水平，努力适应课程要求第二章初中英语教学根本理论一、语言观〔〕P1731、语言的概念a .2、语言的本质特征/设计特性〔〕〔1〕任意性〔表达了规约性〕〔2〕二重性〔, 基层与高层〕〔3〕创造性能产性〔4〕移位性〔赋予, 概括与抽象〕〔5〕文化传习性3、语言的功能〔〕（1）信息功能（2）人际功能（3）施为功能（4）情绪功能（5）应酬功能（6）娱乐功能（7）元语言功能4、语言学角度的语言观（1）构造语言观a : , , .（2）功能语言观a a .（3）交互语言观〔, 交互性与动态〕a , .二、语言学习观〔〕P1761、语言学习理论（1）行为主义学习理论“ a a ( ), 〞.（3）构建主义学习理论a .最近开展区理论三、语言教学观〔〕P1781、语言教学理论〔构造主义教学理论、认知主义教学理论、社会语言学理论〕四、外语教学法的主要流派1、语法翻译法2、听说法〔句型操练、比照分析法〕3、全身反响教学法P1814、认知教学法〔提高, 得体性〕5、交际法〔包含功能与意念〕P183（1）交际能力〔〕语法能力、社会语言能力、语篇能力、策略能力、语言能力、语用能力、流利性〔2〕3P教学模式：6、任务型教学P184（1）目标任务；教学任务（2）任务的四个构成元素：、、、（3）信息差/信息沟〔强调, , , 情景、写作、会话与意义建构〕（5）任务型教学的三个环节：前任务、任务环〔、、〕、语言聚焦〔、〕第三章初中英语语言知识教学一、语音教学P1921、语音教学的内容2、发音知识教学〔, , 单音、字母、音标〕3、语流教学〔, , , 重音、节奏、语调〕4、语音教学的原那么〔, , , , , 准确性、长期性、整体性、交际性、针对性、趣味性原那么〕5、语音的教学方法P195（1）听音感知练习方法：最小对立体()、排序、区分异同、同中选异、填空（2）模仿讲解、、亲自示范，反复模仿、练习（3）发音练习练习方法：听音模仿、填空、借助图片、借助情景造句、运用绕口令（4）语流教学〔见上〕慢动作〔〕二、词汇教学P197 理论构成：承受性/消极词汇与产出性/积极词汇1、教学内容（1）词汇的意义 .a : .词汇意义包括、概念意义与关联意义概念意义：词典中意思，即字面意思/词汇的外延、关联意义：文化含义及语境意义，又称词汇的内涵( )（2）词汇的用法包括：搭配、词组、习语、风格、语域（3）词汇信息包括：词类、前缀、后缀、拼写、发音、语法特征（4）词汇记忆策略防止死记硬背构词法猜想词义2、教学原那么（1）音形义结合、、（2）词块整体教学( 搭配)（3）具体语境中教（4）循序渐进（5）反复练习稳固记忆（6）培养自学词汇能力猜想词义3、教学方法P200（1）呈现词汇:直观呈现构词法、()同义反义词、翻译、举例、问答结合语境/创设情境运用词汇学习策略，如归类/推理/类比/查字典〔2〕稳固词汇：a 贴标签/找茬/描述绘画/玩游戏〔宾果〕/词汇联想三、语法教学P2011、教学内容语法具有三维性：, 形式、意义与用法语义包括语法形式、构造的语法意义与内容意义教学任务：语法规那么的认知/操练/应用、语法意识的生成2、教学原那么〔交际性/实践性、集中分散相结合、趣味性/通俗性〕(1) .(2)'s .(3) .(4) 's .3、教学方法P202〔1〕演绎法〔讲解规那么，结合实例分析用法，句型练习〕: a 脱离上下文（2）归纳法〔学生自行归纳语法规那么〕（3）引导发现法〔学生归纳总结语法规那么，教师强化其形式意义〕四、语篇教学P2041、概念与构造（1）概念语篇可以是、对话、独白，包括书面语、口语，形式上是衔接的，语义上是连贯的（2）构造模式语段/句群、句际关系〔并列、顺序、层递、转折〕（3）衔接手段逻辑纽带〔, , , 〕语法纽带〔时态什么的〕词汇纽带〔重复、()同义/反义词〕’训练方式：’s .a .( )2、教学内涵’ .( , a )3、教学方法P207整体性效能〔用知识迁移实现，重在应用能力培养〕、语篇的整体把握第四章初中英语语言技能教学P212一、听力教学1、影响听力的主要因素（1）客观因素：语言特征〔语速音调停顿连读〕、听力任务、文化背景知识（2）主观因素：心理因素、知识技能因素、方法及策略因素2、听力教学的要领（1）合理选择听力材料〔真实性、可理解性、多样性〕（2）建立专门的听力训练体系（3）优化心理气氛，降低焦虑感〔调动兴趣、放松〕（4）重视听的过程中的技巧训练预测、猜想、连贯记忆〔〕、识别语段标记（5）科学设计听力练习3、听力训练的类型P216（1）精听〔辨音、填空、听写〕听写形式：听释、快速听写、听写大意、完形听写、纠错听写、线索听写（2）泛听( )（3）随意听4、听力教学模式（1）“自下而上〞〔强调语言知识〕（2）“自上而下〞〔侧重背景知识〕5、听力教学的过程P218（1）听前环节〔a 〕（2）听中环节〔辨音、获取主要信息、预测、猜词悟义〕（3）听后环节〔a 作文、讨论〕二、口语教学P2191、口语的特点〔构造不完整性、人与场合严密依存性〕〔1〕语法特征:.语法.俗语( , 歇后语/口语词/俚语/短语动词)构造特征：往往借助补白词〔, , 〕形象特征：说话人的表情、语气及态度等身体语言；音质/声调/重音/停顿（2）口语的交际特点“说〞受语言规那么支配/时间因素制约/对方反响影响2、口语教学的要领（1）在听的根底上培养说的能力〔使输入的信息量大于输出的信息量〕（2）组织多样化的口语活动形式口语活动类型：前交际活动〔操练/模仿/重复〕与交际活动〔信息差活动/解决问题活动/讨论/辩论/采访/游戏〕（3）正确处理准确及流利的关系( ’t )（4）创造浓厚外语气氛，鼓励学生敢说乐说a :（5）合理选择口语组织形式，增加学生开口的时机〔小组形式/单双人活动〕3、口语训练的方法模仿性、独白性、表演性的口语表达三、阅读教学P2231、外语阅读的类型（1）根据阅读方式与技巧的不同划分适应性阅读认读朗读默读学习型阅读主旨浅显信息量大，强调阅读速度理解性阅读材料真实、题材广泛、体裁多样，难度较高（2）根据阅读方式与技巧的不同划分面式读法/略读〔掌握全文大意或中心思想；报刊、新书〕点式读法/寻读/跳读〔查找具体信息；时间、人名、地点、数字〕线式读法/精读〔详细地阅读，深入分析、理解与记忆〕纵式读法/泛读〔广泛地阅读，阅读速度、快速理解能力、拓宽视野〕（3）根据阅读理解的层次划分字面理解〔依靠语言知识/能力识别词义与语法构造〕推断性理解〔经历、直觉、逻辑判断理解未明示信息〕评价性理解/应用性理解〔理解文章信息的价值〕欣赏性理解〔情感熏陶与思想启迪〕2、阅读教学的要领P226（1）合理选择阅读材料难度〔难于略高于学习者现有水平〕趣味性〔充满可读性，激发求知欲与好奇心〕真实性〔英语本族语者撰写〕广泛性〔内容反映历史、人物、风土人情、文化习俗以及时尚流行，体裁与题材丰富多样〕（2）建立分析性〔精读〕及综合性〔泛读〕相结合的阅读教学体系分析性阅读及综合性阅读教学的分工改良现行分析性阅读教学模式，落实阅读训练综合性阅读教学应正规化、课程化（3）重视阅读三要素的培养词汇、理解〔主题句〕、速度（4）重视阅读过程中的技巧训练预测、抓中心思想、获取特殊信息、推理〔〕、确认语篇3、阅读教学的模式P229（1）自上而下模式为主〔读前环节活动的开展〕（2）自下而上模式为辅〔小到大的语言文字单位，重视词汇教学〕a（3）交互补偿模式4、阅读教学的过程（1）读前环节〔背景知识、写作风格、西方风俗〕a a a a（2）读中环节〔保障充足阅读时间、阅读技能训练〕（3）读后环节〔思维与实践活动〕四、写作教学P2311、写的教学要领（1）激发写作动机; 交际目的读者意识（2）指导写作技巧：写的单项训练〔结合语音教学〕语篇写作技巧〔构思技巧；过程构思、文本构思；范文是有力工具〕（3）根据不同文体风格指导相应的写作策略正式文体〔第三人称〕: a 语言准确优先有序的构造有构造的模式专用名词与定义非正式文体〔一、二人称〕: 多为短句、简单句（4）分阶段设计教学活动，训练写作技能控制性写作〔填空/抄写/句型转换〕指导性写作〔续写/复写/缩写/转写〕自由写作（5）写、改、评相结合2、写作教学的模式（1）注重结果〔给题目写改，注重语篇整体〕（2）注重内容〔收集材料组织文章修改，写前准备〕（3）注重过程〔准备写作修改再改，写作能力〕3、写作教学的过程（1）写前环节的任务与活动〔激发写作动机〕a , , .（2）写中环节的任务与活动〔组织成文〕（3）写后环节的任务与活动〔点评与反响〕第三局部教学设计第一章教学设计技能一、教学设计概述P2411、概念：传统的教学设计即备课考虑“如何学〞最核心的局部是教案’s a 教学大纲提前 .2、教学设计原那么目标性原那么多样性原那么灵活性原那么可学性原那么衔接性选择可行性原那么3、教学设计的根本要求A ,, , , , , 's .4、教学设计新理念（1）学生参及课堂设计的自主性（2）教学设计贯穿课堂教学的全过程（3）教学设计确实定性及不确定性相统一5、教学设计的模式分析设计评价分析：学习需求〔学习目标分析是关键〕、学习者、学习内容设计：教学策略、教学过程〔任务呈现任务准备任务完成语言稳固〕、教学技术评价：教学目标是否达成是评价教学设计有效性的关键反响修正〔〕：教学评价能够提供大量的教学反响信息6、英语教学设计的具体形式（1）表格式分别陈述学生/教师活动，说明活动目的/意图，突出教学设计的理念（2）流程图式展示教学过程〔格式不同〕（3）表达式二、学情分析P2481、学习者分析（1）认知特征（2）学习风格崇尚权威型；分析型；具体型；交际型（3）学习方式承受性；体验性；自主性；合作性；探究性2、学习需求分析（1）的内涵学习目前状态及期望状态之间的差距（2）学习需求分析的内容与方法数据采集；分析三、教学内容分析P2511、教学内容的选择把握根底性〔词汇/句法构造/语言能力/学习策略/文化知识〕适应性〔年龄/认知特点〕高频性〔经常使用的〕趣味性〔激发学习兴趣，保证学习有效性〕2、正确理解教材（1）分析教材 a（2）处理教材的方法〔法：〕（3）教材的使用：活化教材、挖掘资源、选准话题〔探究性、开放性、生成性〕a , :3、辅助教学材料的筛选（1）教学材料筛选的原那么：启发式、因材施教、动态生成、适时适度（2）教学材料筛选的策略：遵循理念、吃透教材、研究学生（3）辅助教学材料的分类：知识类、技能类、课外活动类、教学辅助类、自主学习类四、教学目标P2551、教学目标的陈述内容三个维度：知识及技能、过程及方法、情感态度及价值观2、教学目标的陈述要素以行为目标来陈述教学目标，包括四个要素：模式主体或听众〔程度副词/百分比/范围副词〕+主语〔〕行为条件, , a ,程度/标准3、教学目标的陈述方式按照层级划分有三种〔, 〕（1）结果性目标〔知识及技能〕（2）体验性目标或表现性目标〔过程及方法、情感态度及价值观〕4、教学目标的陈述原那么全面、恰当〔目标层次性/内容与已有知识一致性/教学活动连贯性〕、具体、准确五、教学重难点P2591、教学重难点的涵义（1）教学重点称为学科教学的核心知识（2）教学难点（3）教学重难点的关系教学重点：、稳定性、长期性教学难点：、暂时性、相对性2、教学重难点确实定（1）深刻理解课程标准熟悉与贯彻执行课程标准的内容要求（2）深入研究教材教材是教学的主要依据（3）了解学生的实际情况学生是教学的对象/主体（4）善于总结经历虚心学习、不断提高自身教学素质与能力3、突出重点、突破难点的方法比喻说明法、列表比照法、练习法、多媒体辅助教学法、游戏活动法六、教堂教学过程设计P260教学过程〔〕实现教学、开展与教育三大功能1、课堂导入活动的设计导入应到达“3A〞的成效：鼓励启发；引起注意；促进（1）课堂导入的方法复习导入法〔新旧知识的联结点〕、直观导入法〔直观教具或多媒体手段〕情境导入法〔音乐/故事/游戏导入〕、悬念导入法〔呈现一系列问题〕（2）考前须知导入时间不宜过长〔5’/45’〕；符合教学目标/内容；从学生实际出发〔年龄、性格、认知特征〕；方式新颖有创意2、语言学习及实践活动的设计〔呈现、讲解、练习稳固与实践新语言知识〕（1）呈现活动的设计〔〕问题呈现、情景呈现、故事呈现〔完整故事贯穿整个课堂教学〕、直观呈现〔简笔画/图片/模型/幻灯片/身势语〕（2）练习及稳固活动的设计〔〕机械性练习控制式的练习频率高无需过多思考，不超过8，1~2项练习内容，学生个体/全班练习为主，立即纠错练习形式：模仿、跟读、重复、替换练习、简单答复活动半开放性练习半控制式的意义性练习需要理解与思考，10，3~4项，配对练习为主，相互更正，频率低练习形式：采访活动、重述故事、运用语言构造与已学知识进展对话练习（3）语言实践活动的设计〔〕小组活动，规定活动主题，1~2个任务，10，提醒学生注意人物身份与具体场合3、学习评论活动的设计（1）形成性评价的设计评价标准设计结合具体情况分为几个阶段，诊断性/过程性/目标达成评价标准评价过程设计安排什么阶段开展评论，开展什么样的评论评价内容设计知识到理解、理解到应用、理解到分析与综合，最后再到评价教师要分解课堂教学的过程，根据教学过程的要求设计评价内容评价方式〔活动〕设计评价内容是理解能力——选择、匹配、正误判断、排序、逻辑识别应用能力——提问、讨论、课件制作、演讲、表演参及度——问卷、量卷、反思性问题评价反响设计定性的方式描述学生表现、定量的方式〔数量方式呈现评价结果〕反响方式：即时反响与延迟反响、教师反响与学生反响（2）终结性评价的设计测试时最常用〔人们最信赖〕的终结性评价方式客观题的设计填空、匹配、图表填空主观题的设计简答题、论述题、写作需要明确的评分标准4、课堂总结活动的设计整个教学过程的最后一个环节（1）课堂总结的作用对教学进展归纳梳理；促进学生掌握/记忆新知识；为进一步学习架桥梁，为复习提供依据（2）课堂总结的方式总结式运用准确精炼的语言对主要内容、知识构造、技能技巧进展总结还可采用：归纳演示、师生问答、列表看图、专项操练悬念式设计悬念〔问问题〕，引发学生求知欲，对预习起到指导作用延伸式将简述内容有机地向外延伸〔组织进一步活动〕练习式普遍采用，练习题应针对性强、有代表性、难度与题量均适中探索式探讨难以理解的内容七、教学板书的设计P2681、语言板书的要求语言准确，书写标准；层次清楚，重点突出；精练简明，画龙点睛；速度适宜，适时呈现2、板书设计的布局正板书与副板书布局一般分为：中心板、两分板、三分板3、板书的形式（1）辅助板书的教学手段：简笔画、图解（2）板书的类型：提纲式、比拟式、词语式、创意式、发散式、模块式第二章不同课程的教学设计一、英语课型概述P2761、英语课型的分类（1）从课的性质与任务划分新授课、稳固课、复习课、活动课〔演讲、话剧表演〕（2）从教学内容划分语音课、词汇课、语法课、听说课、阅读课与写作课2、教学模式（1）英语教学中常用的教学模式3P教学模式适用于语言知识〔语言、词汇、语法〕教学、、呈现、操练、应用a教学模式适用于语言技能〔听说读写〕教学〔复习导入〕、〔呈现讲解〕、〔运用评价〕任务型教学模式以完成某种交际任务为目标，不只为了掌握语言知识、、详见本文档P8任务型教学探究式教学模式通过问题设置培养学生语言运用能力教学过程：问题呈现小组合作研究解决方案收集信息/解决问题呈现解决方式评价（2）教学模式的功能3、课型及教学模式的区别及联系课型：客观存在；教学模式：主观的认识与改造二、主要课程的教学设计P2781、听说课2、阅读课3、读写课4、词汇课5、语法课第四局部教学实施及评价第一章课堂教学根本策略一、课程教学根本步骤及方法P2991、教学根本步骤（1）教学启动〔复习与激活已有知识〕（2）语言学习导入、新知呈现、讲解、例释、操练、稳固（3）语言运用实践、运用训练〔〕、运用实践〔语言输出/展示成果〕（4）总结应该及布置作业衔接起来2、课程教学方法（1）选择教学方法的原那么：掌握丰富的教学方法；教学有法、教无定法（2）选择教学方法的依据：课程标准、环境与条件、教材或课型、学生实际情况、（3）教学方法的优化选择组合调整二、教学情境的创设p3021、创设教学情境的意义语境归为五大要素：、、、、背景、交际者、交际目的、交际渠道与话题2、创设教学情境的要求真实自然、贴近生活；目标明确有意义；难度适当、照顾层次、扩大参及面3、创设教学情境的方法（1）基于生活联系现实生活，挖掘利用学生经历（2）注重形象性感性可见摸得着，形象具体（3）表达学科特点表达学科特色，紧扣教学内容，凸现学习重点（4）内含问题目的性、适应性与新颖性（5）融入情感包含场景，内含情感4、教学情境的类型：故事情境、模拟情境、生活情境、问题情境三、课程教学中的互动模式P3051、课堂教学活动的组织形式〔1〕课堂活动的特点：互交性、平等性、多样性、有效性、趣味性、科学性〔2〕教学活动的组织策略：抓好“三度〞〔广度深度延展度〕；关注细节讲究技巧2、课堂教学中的人际互动（1）教师的角色控制者评估者(“〞) 合作组织者( ) 提示者(“〞)资源提供指导研究诱导(’t )（2）学生的分组模式班级活动( 构造控制)全班共同参及步调一致展示型活动〔〕小组活动( ) 教师是3~6人异质分组交际性活动〔游戏、角色表演、访谈、信息差活动〕结对活动( )2人训练型活动〔模仿对话、复述/对话练习、检查词汇、完成表格〕。

教学实施：2.课堂管理Classroom management(P334)(1)概念课堂管理是指教师为了有效利用时间、创设良好的学习环境、减少不良行为而采取的各种活动和措墙.3.课堂中教师角色(选择、简答，情景分析)(P336)指导者(Instmctor)：指导学生自主学习，指导学生评价自己.控制者(Controller)：控制课堂进度,活动方向、课堂纪律。

者(Assessor):纠正错误，给予反馈。

组织蕾(Organizer)：交代任务，发出指令促进者(F ac ilit a top'Prompter)：创造学习环境『激发学习动机，提供有效信息等。

参与者(Participant)：普通人员，参与活动3研究者(Research/):研究教学，撰写论文(5)课堂纪律classroom discipline概念：为了维持正常的教学秩序，办调学生的行为，保证课堂目标的实现而制定的要求学生共同遵守的课堂行为规范。

(4)提问方式(选择、简答，情境分析)展示性问题(display qiiE k加n卜答案唯一,教师知道答案，通常用来检测学生对知识、文章内容的理解。

也叫封闭性问题(close question)参考性问题(refeiMitial question)：没有固定答案p需要总结，归纳或分析。

考察学生分析问题、解袂问题的能力"也叫升放性问题(opeu questiuu)。

（2）课堂提问的作用（冏答）教学情境分析）（3）课堂提问的注意事项（简答，教学情境分析）:D增进师生交流集中学生注意引起学生兴趣促进思维发展锻炼表达能力检验学习效果（3）反馈作川：（简答，教学情境分析）学生的错误。

发学生的兴趣C持课堂交流，使教学活动能够顺利进行.调关键信息.课堂提问要有针对性（用烧目标）课堂提问要有启发性（引导学生）照堂提问要有趣味性（灵活多样）课堂提问要有广泛性（面向全体）课堂提问要有积极性（鼓励引导）（2）反馈形式之头反馈VS书面反馈（Oral VS Written）（课堂追问：批改作业等）直接反馈VS「可接反馈（Direct VS Indirect）"No.this is not Ihe right answer.LLHe is a girl…？"“Are you sure?"E读,升调等〉6 纠错Correclion<P342)在课堂活动中，纠错可视为反馈的一种方式.（1）分类接纠情<Explicit correction）指的是教师在学生出现错误时，打断学生的活动,说出正确的答案，井让学生改正.纠惜（ItnpliciT correction）学生出现错误时，教师并不立即纠正，而是间接棉假学生，使其意识到错误并改正。

英语学科知识与教学能力初级中学简答题汇总(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--英语学科知识与教学能力（初级中学）简答题根据题目要求完成下列任务，用中文作答。

1．课堂导人是初中英语课堂教学常用的步骤之一。

以课文“Christmas”为例，写出四种常见的导入方法并各举一例说明。

[参考答案](1)歌曲导入法(2) “同学们，你们今天开心吗我看大家都非常有精神，这样的状态很不错。

那在上课之前，老师先给大家播放一首歌曲Marry Christmas，如果会唱的话，你可以跟着节拍一起唱，好吗(播放歌曲)同学们，歌曲听完了，大家觉得这首歌曲熟悉吗……对，非常不错，这首歌曲是在欢唱圣诞节。

老师这儿有个问题：你们知道圣诞节的来历吗……好多同学都不是很清楚，那么今天老师将带领大家一起走进圣诞节，在英语的海洋中一起感受圣诞节的快乐。

”(2)图片导入法(3) “How are you．bovs and girls同学们好，很高兴再次见到大家。

今天的这节课老师带来了几幅图片，现在请大家看大屏幕，从第一幅图中，大家看到了什么……对，这是我们都非常熟悉的圣诞老人，大家的反应速度真快。

现在请看第二幅图，大家看到了什么呢我听到有同学说圣诞树、圣诞袜，噢，还有红色的圣诞帽，大家观察得非常仔细。

那么现在老师有一个问题了，你们知道为什么圣诞节要摆放圣诞树，并戴圣诞帽吗圣诞老人又是从哪里来的呢带着这些问题，让我们一起走进今天的课堂，来学习与圣诞节相关的知识。

”(4)(3)视频导入法(5) “同学们，在今天上课之前，请大家先看一段视频。

(播放视频)视频结束了，同学们，What can you see in this video你们看到了什么好的，我听到有同学说看到了圣诞老人驾着雪橇在挨家挨户地送礼物，还有的同学看到了艾米一家在准备圣诞晚会。

大家观察得都非常仔细，请给自己鼓鼓掌，好吗那同学们有没有思考过一个问题，你们知道圣诞节是怎么来的吗看来大家都不知道。

初中英语知识点大
初中英语主要包括语法、词汇、听力、阅读、写作和口语等方面的知
识点。

下面将详细介绍每个方面的主要知识点。

一、语法知识点
1.动词时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、
过去进行时、过去将来时等。

2.名词：单数名词和复数名词的形式变化、物质名词、可数名词和不
可数名词等。

3.形容词和副词：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、形容词的位置、
形容词和副词的修饰等。

4.代词：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、疑问代词等。

5.介词：表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的介词、介词短语的用法等。

6. 并列连词：and、or、but等的用法、连词短语的用法等。

7.从句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。

8.非谓语动词：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。

二、词汇知识点
1.基础词汇：常用的英语单词、动词、名词、形容词、副词等。

2.主题词汇：学校、家庭、食物、运动、旅行、自然等。

3.同义词和反义词：词义的相似和相反关系。

4.词根和词缀：常见的词根和词缀的意义和作用。

三、听力知识点。

初中英语教资必背单词摘要：一、前言二、初中英语教资必背单词的重要性三、如何高效背诵初中英语教资必背单词四、记忆方法与技巧1.制定计划与目标2.创造语境3.制作单词卡片4.定期复习与自测五、总结正文：一、前言作为一名初中英语教师，掌握必背单词是提高教学质量的基础。

本文将介绍初中英语教资必背单词的重要性及高效背诵方法。

二、初中英语教资必背单词的重要性1.提高学生学习兴趣：教师熟知必背单词，能更好地教授学生，提高学生学习兴趣。

2.丰富课堂教学：掌握必背单词有助于拓展课堂内容，提高教学质量。

3.增强教师自身素养：作为一名英语教师，掌握必背单词是基本素质。

三、如何高效背诵初中英语教资必背单词1.制定计划与目标：根据自己的实际情况，合理安排时间和内容，确保按计划完成。

2.创造语境：通过实际语境，如英语角、英语电影等，增强对单词的记忆。

3.制作单词卡片：将单词、词义、例句等信息写在卡片上，方便随时查阅。

4.定期复习与自测：按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，定期复习，巩固记忆。

四、记忆方法与技巧1.制定计划与目标：根据自己的实际情况，合理安排时间和内容，确保按计划完成。

2.创造语境：通过实际语境，如英语角、英语电影等，增强对单词的记忆。

3.制作单词卡片：将单词、词义、例句等信息写在卡片上，方便随时查阅。

4.定期复习与自测：按照艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，定期复习，巩固记忆。

五、总结掌握初中英语教资必背单词是提高教学质量的基础。

通过制定计划、创造语境、制作单词卡片及定期复习等方法，教师可以更高效地背诵必背单词。

初中英语学科知识与教学能力是初中英语教师必备的核心能力。

它涵盖了英语语言知识、语言技能、教学方法和评价手段等多个方面。

首先，英语语言知识是教学的基础。

教师需要掌握足够的词汇、语法、语音等基础知识，能够流利、准确地使用英语，并能够解释复杂的语言现象。

此外，教师还需要了解英语国家的文化、历史和社会背景，以便更好地教授英语。

其次，语言技能是教学的关键。

教师需要培养学生的听、说、读、写四项技能，并能够运用这些技能进行交际。

教师需要设计各种教学活动，如角色扮演、小组讨论、写作等，以帮助学生提高语言技能。

此外，教学方法也是教学能力的重要组成部分。

教师需要掌握各种教学方法，如讲授法、讨论法、任务型教学法等，并根据学生的实际情况选择合适的教学方法。

同时，教师还需要能够运用现代信息技术手段，如多媒体、网络等，提高教学效果。

最后，评价手段是教学的重要环节。

教师需要设计合理的评价手段，如考试、作业、口头测试等，以了解学生的学习情况并及时调整教学策略。

总之，初中英语学科知识与教学能力是初中英语教师的核心能力，需要不断学习和提高。

只有具备了这些能力，才能更好地教授英语，帮助学生提高英语水平。

2024年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共100题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. acCelerate, accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingB. acceLerate, accelerated, acceLeration, acceleratingC. acCelerate, Accelerated, acceleration, acceleratingD. accelerate, accelerated, acceleration, Accelerating2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. Individual, inDividualism, IndividualiZationB. individual, individualism, IndividualiZationC. inDividual, indiviDualism, inDividualiZationD. individual, individualism, IndividuaLization3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The public transportation is very convenient in that bigcity,so there→ ←be any difficulty in traveling around.A. mustn'tB. wouldn'tC. shouldn'tD. needn't4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a teacher makes a lesson plan, he should do all of the following EXCEPT→ ←A. design techniques that have easy and difficult aspects of itemsB. try to design techniques that involve all studentsC. take into consideration the different demands and needs of all studentsD. cater only to the top range students to make sure the progress of teaching5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Thomas Butler stepped off a plane in April 2002 on his return to the United States from a trip to Tanzania, he set in motion a chain of events that now threatens to destroy his life. A microbiologist at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Butler was bringing back samples of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis for his research. Yet on re-entering the country, he is alleged to have passed right by US customs inspectors without notifying them that he was carrying this potentially deadly cargo. That move and its consequences have led the federal government to prosecute Butler for a range of offences. If convicted on all counts, he could be fined millions of dollars and spend the rest of his life in jail.The US scientific community has leapt to butlers defense, arguing that his prosecution is over- zealous, alarming and unnecessary. The presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine have written to Attorney General John Ashcroft, claiming that the case could endanger research into countering the threat of bioterrorisrn. And the academys human-rights committee has asked its members to write letters on Butters behalf and to donate funds for his defense.Those who defend Butler argue that the rules governing the import of pathogens are so restrictive that bending them is the only option for researchers who are working to provide protection from deadly diseases that afflict the developing world. Why, they ask, prosecute Butler for infractions of rules that made his work more difficult without serving a useful purpose?The supporters consider that the charge laid against Butler merely reflects the determination of federal prosecutors to throw the book at Butler to make an example of him to others. Many researchers now fear falling victim to an overzealous prosecution if they fail to dot all the island cross all the area on their paperwork. Some US microbiologists are so frightened of being hauled off in handcuffs for a minor administrative oversight that they have decided to avoid biodefence research entirely-despite the current funding boom in the field.Whether Butler is a villain or a scapegoat is now for a jury to decide. But whatever verdict is eventually reached, scientists who are lobbying on Butlers behalf would do well to consider public perceptions. If the rules governing the import of pathogenic bacteria make no sense, then microbiologists must make that ease clearly, and lobby for the regulations to be changed. Researchers are also justified in making statements to help ensure that any punishment that Butler might receive is proportionate.But researchers risk a damaging public protest if the main message that emerges is that his peers think he was justified in carrying samples of the plague bacterium onto a commercial flight. Appearing to deny the importance of rules designed to protect the public from deadly pathogens, however unwieldy those rules may be in practice-will not engender trust. It will not foster a culture of responsibility. And it would show disregard for the publics faith that scientific research will be conducted as safely and as competently as possible.Thomas Butler was charged with→←.A. carrying prohibited research materialsB. handling a potentially deadly substance illegallyC. posing the bioterrorism threatD. shipping plague samples back to Tanzania6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When families gather for Christinas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.Last week royal doulton, the largest employer in stoke on trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs-one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for royal doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("chew with your mouth closed. "keep your elbows off the table.") Must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current sociallife→←.A. are still a must on certain occasionsB. are bound to return sooner or laterC. are still being taught by parents at homeD. can help improve personal relationships7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds differs only in one distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][e][k][e]B. [p][t][f][s]C. [i][i][e][b]D. [p][i][b][s]8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When Thomas Butler stepped off a plane in April 2002 on his return to the United States from a trip to Tanzania, he set in motion a chain of events that now threatens to destroy his life. A microbiologist at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Butler was bringing back samples of the plague bacterium Yersinia pestis for his research. Yet on re-entering the country, he is alleged to have passed right by US customs inspectors without notifying them that he was carrying this potentially deadly cargo. That move and its consequences have led the federal government to prosecute Butler for a range of offences. If convicted on all counts, he could be fined millions of dollars and spend the rest of his life in jail.The US scientific community has leapt to butlers defense, arguing that his prosecution is over- zealous, alarming and unnecessary. The presidents of the National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine have written to Attorney General John Ashcroft, claiming that the case could endanger research into countering the threat of bioterrorisrn. And the academys human-rights committee has asked its members to write letters on Butters behalf and to donate funds for his defense.Those who defend Butler argue that the rules governing the import of pathogens are so restrictive that bending them is the only option for researchers who are working to provide protection from deadly diseases that afflict the developing world. Why, they ask, prosecute Butler for infractions of rules that made his work more difficult without serving a useful purpose?The supporters consider that the charge laid against Butler merely reflects the determination of federal prosecutors to throw the book at Butler to make an example of him to others. Many researchers now fear falling victim to an overzealous prosecution if they fail to dot all the island cross all the area on their paperwork. Some US microbiologists are so frightened of being hauled off in handcuffs for a minor administrative oversight that they have decided to avoid biodefence research entirely-despite the current funding boom in the field.Whether Butler is a villain or a scapegoat is now for a jury to decide. But whatever verdict is eventually reached, scientists who are lobbying on Butlers behalf would do well to consider public perceptions. If the rules governing the import of pathogenic bacteria make no sense, then microbiologists must make that ease clearly, and lobby for the regulations to be changed. Researchers are also justified in making statements to help ensure that any punishment that Butler might receive is proportionate.But researchers risk a damaging public protest if the main message that emerges is that his peers think he was justified in carrying samples of the plague bacterium onto a commercial flight. Appearing to deny the importance of rules designed to protect the public from deadly pathogens, however unwieldy those rules may be in practice-will not engender trust. It will not foster a culture of responsibility. And it would show disregard for the publics faith that scientific research will be conducted as safely and as competently as possible.The author believes that scientists should→←.A. advocate for the abolition of import rulesB. speak in defense of Butlers behaviorC. give careful attention to public healthD. learn a lesson from Butlers case9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) No country can→ ←China in astronomy these days.A. suitB. fitC. matchD. catch10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They→ ←at least 150 km an hour.A. should have been goingB. must have been goingC. could have goneD. would have gone11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mobile office is the mutual product of economic, scientific,and social progress. Mobile of rice has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business, what would happen toyour business routine? Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machineor e-mail box, but you can't read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clientsneed you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the officenor carrying relevant documents, what can you do? Maybe you have to say "sorry" to the clients.But, your business will be affected, the clients will be unhappy and disappointed becauseof your delay, and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, display, modify, or readsome materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clientsis to let your office "move" with you. Thus，you can have convenient, prompt, safe, reliable,and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime. With the development of communications technology, network application, and wireless interconnection, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phonewith data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at thesame time, it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface(接口，界面)and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will make your career unimpeded, and will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoymore colorful life and better working environment, and users' living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises' production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised. Which of the following statement best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?→ ←.A. When you leave your office, you should not forget your business routine.B. You will lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.C. When you leave your office, your business routine would be harmed.D. When you can't meet the need of your clients, you should say "sorry".12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) ______ helps students facilitate their process of accumulating vocabulary，broadening scope of vision, and increasing target language exposure.A. ScanningB. Extensive readingC. SkimmingD. Intensive reading13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors down, outside the home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot tee n sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, pointing to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himself in a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t respond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was standing at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.When firefighters arrived, plumes of black smoke were billowing from the back of the house as flames engulfed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital, where he was treated for smoke inhalation and released. No one else was injured. The cause of the blaze is still under investigation."You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of →composure←," says Mark Maunder, Gresham Fire Department battalion chief.The Ma family relocated. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. “Thank you for saving my son.” Alex said. “You are his hero forever.”What did Eduardo mean when he said to his son “...we should give them some privacy”？→ ←.A. He was indifferent to his neighbors.B. He wanted his son to do his homework.C. He would like to concentrate on his own work.D. He thought that nothing unusual occurred in the neighborhood14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I think science is more useful than art.—I disagree. I think art is→ ←science.A. not so useful asB. less useful thanC. the most useful ofD. as useful as15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) →←is best known for the techniqueof dramatic monologue in his poems.A. Will BlakeB. W. B. YeatsC. Robert BrowningD. William Wordsworth16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. Consequent, conseQuences, consequentialB. consequent, Consequences, conseQuentialC. Consequent, Corivsequences, conseQuentialD. consequent, consequences, Consequential17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) As they haven't a child of their own, they are going to→ ←a little girl.A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adopt18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories, destroying fourteen homes. Seven others were so badly damaged that their ownershad to leave them, and fifteen others had broken windows or broken roofs. One person was killed, several were badly hurt and taken to hospital, and a number of other people received smaller hurt. Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after the storm.A farmer, Mr.Tan, said that the storm began early in the morning and lasted for over an hour."I was eating with my wife and children, "he said, "When we heard a loud noise. A few minuteslater our house fell down on top of US. We tried our best to climb out but then I saw thatone of my children was missing. I went back inside and found him. safe but very frightened."Mr s. Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she felt that her housewas moving. She ran outside at once with her children ."There was no time to take anything,"she said, "A few minutes later, the roof came down."Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought them food, clothes and shelter.The underlined word “shelter” in this passage means→←.A. something to eatB. something to wearC. somewhere to studyD. somewhere to stay19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) you told me→ ←true?A. Is what; /B. What;/C. That; isD. What about; is20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following questions can be used in the questionnaire for asseswsing participation?→ ←A. Did you get all the questions right in today’s class?B. Did you finish the task on time?C. Can you use the strategies we have learned today?D. What did you do in your group work today?21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?→ ←A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the English phoneme /θ/ ?( )A. A voiceless dental fricativeB. A voiceless alveolar fricativeC. A voiceless dental plosiveD. A voiceless alveolar plosive23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?______A. Black shoes.B. Black holes.C. Black bloxes.D. Black boxes.24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What aspect of vocabulary is trained in the following?→ ←The teacher asks students to read the following passage to tell the writer's attitude to-wardsthe woman he is interviewing.Tall, tanned and debonair, Hazel Henderson is an unlikely revolutionary. She greets me witha warm smile and orders a port of tea, unlike the well-heeled matrons staying at this comfortable hotel.A. registerB. connotationC. collocationD. constitution25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativityhas remained constant to artists. No matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.Landscape(风景)is another unchanging element of art. It can be found from ancient times through the 17th-century Dutch painters to the 19th-century romanticists and impressionists. In the 1970s, Alfred Leslie, one of the new American realists, continued this practice. Leslie sought out the same place where Thomas Cole, a romanticist, had produced paintings of the same scene a century and a half before. Unlike Cole who insists on a feeling of loneliness and the idea of finding peace in nature, Leslie paints what he actually sees. In his paintings, there is no particular change in emotion, and he includes ordinary things like the highway in the hack: ground. He also takes advantage of the latest developments of color photography to help both the eye and the memory when he improves his painting back in his workroom. Besides, all art begs the age-old question: What is real? Each generation of artists has shown their understanding of reality in one form or another. The impressionists saw reality in brief emotional effects, the realists in everyday subjects and in forest scenes, and the Cro-Magnon cave people in their naturalistic drawings of the animals in the ancient forests. To sum up, understanding reality is a necessary struggle for artists of all periods. Over thousands of years the function of the arts has remained relatively constant. Past or present, Eastern or Western, the arts are a basic part of our immediate experience. Many and different are the faces of art, and together they express the basic need and hope of human beings. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?→ ←A. History of the arts.B. Basic questions of the arts.C. New developments in the arts.D. Use of modem technology in the arts.26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The study of language development over a period of time is generally called→ ←linguistics.A. appliedB. synchronicC. comparativeD. diachronic27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Would you like→ ←music?A. to listen toB. to listeningC. listeningD. listening to28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following sets of English sounds has the same distinctive feature?→ ←A. [v][b][?][e]B. [f][z][?:][r]C. [f][r][h][u]D. [p][h][z][s]29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Mother told me that a frie nd in need→ ←a friend indeed.A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the teacher doing by saying "Who wants to have a try"?→ ←A. Controlling discipline.B. Giving prompt.C. Evaluating students' work.D. Directing students' attention to the lesson.31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←is the home of golf.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following statements is NOT a way of presentingnew vocabulary?→ ←.A. definingB. using real objectsC. writing a passage by using new wordsD. giving explanations33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) In writing,→ ←will give students the opportunityto select from the list those useful ideas to be included in their writing and also to seehow these ideas can be put together in a coherent or logical way to present a convincing argument.A. brainstormingB. mappingC. outliningD. editing34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon, and evening. There werelittle old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. "Come on!" My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening. "You'll feel great."Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judgingfrom the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my opinion.First of all, jogging is very hard on the body. Your legs and feet a real pounding(追击)ruining down a road for two or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had somethingelse to worry about Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging. Putting one foot in front of the other forforty-five minutes isn't my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say,"I love being out there with just my thoughts." Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and mostof them were on how much my legs hurt.And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week,it was practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain level, and pain isn'tfun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I’m walking two mi les three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape. From the writer's experience, we can conclude that→ ←.A. not everyone enjoys joggingB. he is the only person who hates joggingC. nothing other than jogging can help people keep fitD. jogging makes people feel greater than any other sports35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You must→ ←the rubbish before you leave the office.A. dispose ofB. deal withC. cope withD. treat with36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Passage OneWe find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把...按含爸力分班)pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade. Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups, and this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop their leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal. The writer argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student's ______ .A. personal qualities and social skillsB. total personalityC. learning ability and communicative skillsD. intellectual ability37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is a slip of tongue?→ ←A. No cross, no crown.B. No pains, no gains.。

2023年教师资格（中学）-英语学科知识与教学能力（初中）考试备考题库附带答案第1卷一.全考点押密题库(共50题)1.(单项选择题)(每题2.00 分) If a teacher asks students to collect, compare and analyze certain sentence patterns, he / she aims at developing students, ( ).A. discourse awarenessB. cultural awarenessC. strategic competenceD. linguistic competence正确答案：D,2.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Songs can have a powerful effect on people. Play "Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves" to many baby boomers, for example, and chances are they'll run off, hands over their ears. Songs can have a powerful effect among birds, too. Consider the black-capped chickadee. When it sings its "chick-a-dee" song, its flock mates come running. The song is a warning that a hawk, owl or other predator is perched nearby, and the other chickadees arrive to harass the enemy until it leaves.Researchers from the University of Montana have discovered that this warning call is a coded signal. By varying the call, a bird communicates to other birds the size of the predator, and thus the scope of the danger. "This is so far the most finely detailed alarm call system that we've found," said the lead researcher, Christopher N. Templeton, who is now a doctoral student at the University of Washington. The findings appear in the current issue of the journal Science.Mr. Templeton and his colleagues exposed chickadees to 15 different species of predators and recorded and analyzed the calls the birds made. In addition to "chick-a-dee", the birds make a high-pitched "seer" call when they spy a predator flying in the air. Upon hearing this call, the other birds either dive for cover or remain motionless so as not to be spotted.But it's the "chick-a-dee” call that the researchers focused on. "They change a number of different features about these calls." Mr. Templeton said. "But most are not audible to us except the number of dees' at the end. "They found that the birds varied the number of "dee" sounds depending on the size of the predator. More "dees"-as many as 21 in one case-were sounded for smaller predators like the Northern pygmy-owl. Because chickadees are small and fast, smaller, more agile predatorsare more of a threat than larger ones.The more "dees", the more chickadees show up to harass the predator, by dive-bombing it or making noises in its face. "The goal is to drive it out of their territory so that it isno longer a threat," Mr. Templeton said. This "mobbing" response to the calls is probably learned behavior, he said, a way that birds teaches their young about risks. "It's a meansby which adults tell the kids in the flock, these guys are dangerous."Mr. Templeton said. When a black-capped chickadee sings its song,→ ←A. some predator's habitat must have been nearbyB. all of its flock mates arrive to drive the enemy outC. the song carries exact information about threat of predatorD. the song warns other species to stay out of the territory正确答案：C,3.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) English teachers often ask students to→ ←apassage to get the gist of it.A. skimB. scanC. predictD. describe正确答案：A,4.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle's husband, an engineer, tookhis four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seenor heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and withoutso much as a note or a good bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts,their worries and their confused families behind them.Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home-the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride andself-confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive. "It's typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people's pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty." Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse(配偶)because→←.A. their spouse would feel no pain during the deathB. their spouse death would not blow their pride and confidenceC. a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failureD. their spouse death would make them feel less painful正确答案：D,5.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) If it→ ←，they’ll have a sports meeting in their school.A. isn't rainB. doesn't rainC. didn't rainD. won't rain正确答案：B,6.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) One evening, while Marcos Ugarte was doing his homework and his father, Eduardo, prepared lesson plans, they heard someone yelling outside. Eduardo, 47, and Marcos, 15, stepped onto the porch of their home in Troutdale, Oregon, and saw a commotion four doors down, outside the home of their neighbors, the Ma family. “I didn’t think anything was wrong.” Eduardo recalls. “I told Marcos we should give them some privacy.” He headed back inside, but Marcos’s eye was caught by a glow from the Ma house."Dad, the house is on fire!” Marcos cried.Clad only in shorts, the barefoot teen sprinted toward the Ma’s home with his dad. Grandmother Yim Ma, mother Suzanne Ma, and son Nathan Ma were gathered on the front lawn yelling for help. When the Ugartes got there，they saw father Alex Ma stumbling down the stairs, coughing, his face black with soot."Is anyone else in the house?” Eduardo asked."My son!” Alex managed to say, po inting to the second floor Eduardo started up the stairs, but thick, black smoke, swirling ash, and intense heat forced him to his knees. He crawled upstairs and down the hall where Alex said he would find Cody, eight, who had locked himselfin a bedroom.As the fire raged across the hall, Eduardo banged on the bedroom door and tried to turn the doorknob. Cody didn’t respond Eduardo made his way back downstairs.Meanwhile, Marcos saw Yim and Suzanne pulling an aluminum ladder out of the garage. “Cody was st anding at the window, screaming for help,"says Marcos, "I knew I had to do something.” He grabbed the ladder, positioned it near the window, and climbed toward the boy.When Marcos reached the window, he pushed the screen into the room and coaxed Cody out. “It’s OK.” Marcos told him. “I‘ve got you.”Holding Cody with one arm. Marcos descended the ladder.When firefighters arrived, plumes of black smoke were billowing from the back of the house as flames engulfed the second floor. Emergency personnel took Cody to a nearby hospital, where he was treated for smoke inhalation and released. No one else was injured. The cause of the blaze is still under investigation."You just don’t see a teenager have that kind of →composure←," says Mark Maunder, Gresham Fire Department battalion chief.The Ma family relocated. The day after the fire, Alex visited Marcos. “Thank you for saving my son.” Alex said. “You are his hero forever.”What did Eduardo mean when he said to his son “...we should give them some privacy”？→ ←.A. He was indifferent to his neighbors.B. He wanted his son to do his homework.C. He would like to concentrate on his own work.D. He thought that nothing unusual occurred in the neighborhood正确答案：D,7.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We keep in touch→ ←writing often.A. withB. ofC. onD. by正确答案：D,8.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When you are learning English, listening, speaking and writing are important, but reading can also be very helpful. When you read, you can not only learn some new words, but also you can learn how to use these English words. When you read, it gives you a good example for writing.Try to read at the right level(水平). Read something that you can (more or less) understand. If you need to stop every three words to use a dictionary, it is not interesting.Try to increase the number of your new words. If there are four or five new words on a page, write them in your notebook. But you don't have to write them while you read. Instead, try to guess their meaning as you read: mark them with a pen. Then come back when you have finished reading to look them up in a dictionary and write them in your own vocabulary book. Then try to remember them.Try to read regularly. For example, read for a short time once a day. Fifteen minutes every day is better than two hours every Sunday. Fix(固定)a time to read and keep to it. You could read for fifteen minutes when you go to bed, or when you get up or at lunchtime.Read what interests you. Choose a book or a magazine about a subject that you like, because you are going to spend time and money reading it. So, choose an interesting book. You can also read newspapers. There are many English newspapers in China. For example, 21st Century Teens. It is easy enough for you to understand it. There is something interesting in it. If you meet a few new words on a page while reading,→ ←.A. give up readingB. guess the meaning at firstC. write them down at onceD. look them up in a dictionary at once正确答案：B,9.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) You don't need to make fancy foods to impress guests——it is something simple but good will do.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who正确答案：B,10.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When a reader tries to guess the meaning of a new word based on the contextual clue, which one of the following approaches is he usin g?→ ←A. Bottom-up ApproachB. Top-down ApproachC. Interactive ApproachD. Situational Approach正确答案：B,11.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?→ ←A. genderB. numberC. caseD. voice正确答案：D,12.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←in health, he insisted on doing the experiment.A. As he was poorB. Poor as he wasC. Poor was heD. Poor he was though正确答案：B,13.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class. "You could win prizes, "our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing, "The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster. "We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I'm going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one comer of our poster and let the space draw the viewer's attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students' desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always-always-rewarding the same old winners.I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can't say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it.I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turned it in.Minutes passed.No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, what poster? When the teacher gave me an envelopewith a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me. The underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 most probably means→ ←.A. formed an idea forB. made an outline forC. made some space forD. chose some colors for正确答案：A,14.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The most typical type of post-listening task is→ ←.A. answering questionsB. multiple-choice questionsC. note-talkingD. gap-filling正确答案：B,15.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) By nine o'clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reachedthe top of Mount Qomolangma,→ ←appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of whichB. on whichC. from whichD. above which正确答案：D,16.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) He stepped aside→ ←pass.A. so as let meB. in order let meC. so as to let me toD. in order for me to正确答案：D,17.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following is NOT a U. S. news and cable network?→ ←A. ABCB. CNNC. CBSD. BBC正确答案：D,18.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What's the teacher doing by saying "Who wants to have a try"?→ ←A. Controlling discipline.B. Giving prompt.C. Evaluating students' work.D. Directing students' attention to the lesson.正确答案：B,19.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which one does not belong to subjectivity quiz questions in the following English tests?→ ←A. the written expressionB. oral testC. translateD. close test正确答案：D,20.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —I think science is more useful than art.—I disagree. I think art is→ ←science.A. not so useful asB. less useful thanC. the most useful ofD. as useful as正确答案：D,21.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment,→ ←should make great differences in our life next summer.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. they正确答案：A,22.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) The capital of Australia is→ ←.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. CanberraD. Perth正确答案：C,23.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Being→ ←of money, she managed to save enough fora holiday.A. economicsB. economicalC. economiesD. economic正确答案：B,24.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —How did you play in the match?—Well, our team was ahead by two to zero during the first half, but we→ ←in the last ten minutes.A. had lostB. have lostC. were losingD. lost正确答案：D,25.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) —John, when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?—→ ←. I'll be off to London then.A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None正确答案：B,26.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Songs can have a powerful effect on people. Play "Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves" to many baby boomers, for example, and chances are they'll run off, hands over their ears. Songs can have a powerful effect among birds, too. Consider the black-capped chickadee. When it sings its "chick-a-dee" song, its flock mates come running. The song is a warning that a hawk, owl or other predator is perched nearby, and the other chickadees arrive to harass the enemy until it leaves.Researchers from the University of Montana have discovered that this warning call is a coded signal. By varying the call, a bird communicates to other birds the size of the predator, and thus the scope of the danger. "This is so far the most finely detailed alarm call system that we've found," said the lead researcher, Christopher N. Templeton, who is now a doctoral student at the University of Washington. The findings appear in the current issue of the journal Science.Mr. Templeton and his colleagues exposed chickadees to 15 different species of predators and recorded and analyzed the calls the birds made. In addition to "chick-a-dee", the birds make a high-pitched "seer" call when they spy a predator flying in the air. Upon hearing this call, the other birds either dive for cover or remain motionless so as not to be spotted. But it's the "chick-a-dee” call that the researchers focused on. "The y change a number of different features about these calls." Mr. Templeton said. "But most are not audible to us except the number of dees' at the end. "They found that the birds varied the number of "dee" sounds depending on the size of the predator. More "dees"-as many as 21 in one case-were sounded for smaller predators like the Northern pygmy-owl. Because chickadees are small and fast, smaller, more agile predators are more of a threat than larger ones.The more "dees", the more chickadees show up to harass the predator, by dive-bombing it or making noises in its face. "The goal is to drive it out of their territory so that it is no longer a threat," Mr. Templeton said. This "mobbing" response to the calls is probably learned behavior, he said, a way that birds teaches their young about risks. "It's a means by which adults tell the kids in the flock, these guys are dangerous."Mr. Templeton said. It can be inferred from the article that "Gypsies, Tramps and Thieves" is→ ←A. Gypsie's songB. an alarm call to hint at dangerC. a bad song referring to crimesD. a warning that the police is nearby正确答案：C,27.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following correctly describes the word stress?→ ←A. Expert, imPortant, CHina, baBoonB. expert, imporTant, CHina, BaboonC. Expert, Important, china, baBoonD. exPert, imPortant, CHina, Baboon正确答案：A,28.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) What made him so happy?→ ←as the model student in school.A. He being electedB. His electingC. His being electedD. His been elected正确答案：C,29.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to makea dogsled trip to the Noah Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at homein frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsledtrip across Ellesmere Island, in the Canadian Arctic. The sea ice in that region should stillbe frozen. "We want to take our audience to the front lines of global warming, "says Steget.The team will be uploading videos, stories and photos to the website global-warming, comas they march along, allowing armchair adventurer's and kids in classrooms to follow their progress day to day. "We can actually bring the audience up there," Steger says.Steger's team will include some already-famous young explorers. Sam Branson, the 22- year-oldson of British airline tycoon(大亨)Richard Branson, is an experienced Arctic traveler. Alsoon the journey will be 27-year-old Norwegian Sigrid Ekran. Last year, Ekran became only the second woman in history to win Rookie(新秀)of the Year for the Iditarod Sled Dog Race.What they will see may be surprising. Even Steger doesn't know exactly what to expect. Climate change has already reshaped the geography of the Arctic, "Within a decade or less, it's goingto be impossible to reach the North Pole by dog team, without flotation (漂流),"says Steger. Climate change is happening, but people can change too. Their willingness to change will determine the shape of Earth's future. Steger is the following except→ ←.A. a sixty-four-year old manB. a very famous polar explorerC. a devoted environmentalistD. a famous British airline tycoon正确答案：D,30.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) He resented ______ to wait and expected the minister ______him immediately upon his arrival.A. to be asked, to seeB. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeingD. being asked, seeing正确答案：B,31.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) → ←means reading quickly to get the gist, the main idea of the text.A. SkimmingB. ScanningC. Speed-readingD. Paraphrase正确答案：A,32.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) It is futile to discuss the matter further, because→ ←going to agree upon anything today.A. neither you nor I areB. neither you nor me isC. neither you nor I amD. neither me nor you are正确答案：C,33.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) I've never seen→ ←before.A. such a interesting filmB. so interesting filmC. such an interesting filmD. so film interesting正确答案：C,34.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) When families gather for Christinas dinner, some will stickto formal traditions dating back to grandmas generation. Their tables will be set with the good dishes and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware and stainless informality, with dresses assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain,it spells economic hard times.Last week royal doulton, the largest employer in stoke on trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs-one-fifth of its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery(陶瓷)region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffsin stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for royal doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, rightly, that its better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?Yet the loss of formality has its down side. The fine points of etiquette(礼节)that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("chew with your mouth closed. "keep your elbows off the table.") Must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.The trend toward casual dining has resulted in→←.A. bankruptcy of fine china manufacturersB. shrinking of the pottery industryC. restructuring of large enterprisesD. economic recession in great Britain正确答案：B,35.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Around the world more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities. Now, there are people who look for an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds.I would consider bungee jumping to be a good example of such an activity. You jump from a high place 200 meters above the ground with an elastic rope tied to your feet. You fall at up to 150 kilometers an hour until the rope stops you from hitting the ground. It is said that about 2 million people around the world have now tried bungee jumping. Other activities which most people would say are as risky as bungee jumping includes jumping from tall buildings and diving into the sea from the top of high cliffs.Why do people take part in such activities as these? Some psychologists suggest that it is because life in modem societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, people’s lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food, diseases could not easily be cured, and life was a continuous battle for survival.Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in quite safe conditions: they buy food in shops, and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. The answer for some of these people is to look for danger in activities such as bungee jumping. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?→ ←A. About 200,000 people in the world have tried bungee jumping.B. In order to keep one safe, a rope is tied to feet of the jumping.C. Diving into the sea from the top of the cliffs is much more dangerous than bungee jumping.D. Many people nowadays feel life dull because they haven’t tried bungee jumping.正确答案：B,36.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Which of the following consonant clusters may not serve as the beginning of a word?( )A. / spr /B. / skw /C. / str /D. /swt /正确答案：D,37.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Who is the author of The Scarlet Letter?→ ←.A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Henry DavidC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne正确答案：D,38.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were: only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market which are capable of doing the work which used to be done by much larger and more expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them.The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors, or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of routine work, such as retyping letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager's point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing routine jobs automatically outside office hours. But is it all good? If a lot of routine secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units. The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed Safety screens to put over a YDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them. Whatever the arguments for or against word processors, they are a key feature of this revolution in office practice. Ten years ago, smaller companies did not use large computers because→ ←.A. these companies had not enough money to buy such expensive computersB. these computers could not do the work that small computers can do todayC. these computers did not come onto the marketD. these companies did not need to use this new technology正确答案：A,39.(单项选择题)(每题 2.00 分) Do you want to see the effects of global warming? Then head north. Will Steger is going to take all of us there. Steger, 64, the first person to make a dogsled trip to the Noah Pole, is a very famous and admired polar explorer. He's at home in frozen parts of the world where few humans ever step on. Steger is also a devoted environmentalist who was early to ring the alarm bell on global warming. He saw its effects firsthand in frequent polar expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctica.Steger is about to lead a team of six young adventurers on a 1,400-mile,60-day-long dogsled。

初中英语学科知识与教学能力重点初中英语学科知识与教学能力是教师在教授初中英语课程时需要具备的核心能力。

本文将重点介绍初中英语学科知识和教学能力的关键内容。

初中英语学科知识重点1. 词汇掌握：学生应掌握并熟练运用常用的英语单词和短语，构建英语词汇基础。

2. 语法知识：学生需要掌握基本的英语语法知识，如时态、语态、句型等，以便正确地表达和理解英语句子和段落。

3. 阅读理解：学生应培养良好的阅读惯，能够理解并获取英语文本中的信息，包括主旨、细节、推理等。

4. 听力理解：学生需要通过听取英语材料来理解并获取相关信息，包括对话、短文等。

5. 写作能力：学生应能够根据要求进行英语写作，包括句子表达、段落组织、语法和拼写等方面的要求。

6. 口语表达：学生应培养流利、准确地用英语进行口语表达的能力，包括对话、演讲、讨论等。

初中英语教学能力重点1. 教学设计：教师应根据学生的实际情况和学科要求设计合理的教学计划和教学活动。

2. 教学能力：教师应具备良好的教学能力，包括清晰的语言表达能力、逻辑思维和组织能力。

3. 教学方法：教师应选择合适的教学方法和教学资源，灵活运用各种教学手段提高学生的研究效果。

4. 评价能力：教师需要对学生的研究情况进行评价，并根据评价结果提供有效的反馈和指导。

5. 班级管理：教师需要进行有效的班级管理，包括组织学生、管理教材和资源等。

初中英语学科知识和教学能力是教师在教授初中英语课程时必备的关键能力。

只有具备扎实的学科知识和良好的教学能力，教师才能更好地指导学生，提高学生的英语研究效果。

不同学校和地区的教育要求可能会有所不同，教师需要根据具体情况结合教学大纲和学生的实际情况进行针对性的教学。

教师资格证初中英语学科知识与教学能力语法总结一一、词类：英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：oh, well, hi, hello.二、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

初中英语教材教法知识及考试复习资料
一、教材教法知识
教材是教师教授英语课程的基础，合理运用教材教法可以提高学生的研究效果。

以下是初中英语教材教法的一些重要知识点：
1. 教材选择：根据学生的实际情况和研究目标，选择适合的教材，如课程标准规定的教材或经过合理筛选的教材。

2. 教材分析：对教材进行系统性分析，了解教材的结构、内容和语言特点，以便进行有针对性的教学。

3. 教材评价：对教材进行评价，包括评估教材的综合质量和适用性，并及时调整使用教材的策略。

4. 教材的组织：合理组织教材的内容和语言点，使学生逐步掌握英语的基本知识和技能。

5. 教材的使用：合理运用教材的不同部分和教学资源，如课文、练和听力材料，提高学生的语言应用能力。

二、考试复资料
复是考试前的重要准备工作，以下是初中英语考试复的一些资
料建议：
1. 教科书：认真复教科书中的所有单元，包括课文、语法规则
和练题等。

2. 笔记：整理课堂笔记，重点复教师讲解的重要知识点和关键
例句。

3. 题册：多做课后题，加强对知识点的理解和运用能力。

4. 参考书：选择一些高质量的参考书，如语法书、词汇书和阅
读理解等专项练书籍。

5. 试题库：做一些历年的真题和模拟试题，熟悉考试的题型和要求。

6. 同学讨论：与同学进行讨论和交流，相互纠错和解答疑惑。

7. 辅导班：参加一些针对考试复的辅导班，接受专业的指导和辅导。

以上是初中英语教材教法知识及考试复习资料的相关内容，希望对您的学习有所帮助。