The research and demonstration of some major geological problems of Three Gorges Project

giving学术英语1. The professor is giving a lecture on quantum mechanics.教授正在进行一场关于量子力学的讲座。

2. The researcher is giving a presentation at a conference.研究人员正在会议上进行演讲。

3. The scientist is giving a demonstration of his latest experiment.科学家正在进行他最新实验的演示。

4. The teacher is giving instructions to the students.老师正在给学生们讲解指导。

5. The academic journal is giving valuable insights into the field of neuroscience.这本学术期刊为神经科学领域提供了宝贵的见解。

6. The conference is giving participants the opportunity to network with fellow professionals.会议为参与者提供了与同行专业人士交流的机会。

7. The university is giving scholarships to outstanding students.大学正在向优秀学生提供奖学金。

8. The research institute is giving grants to support innovative projects.研究机构正在提供拨款支持创新项目。

9. The professor is giving feedback to the students on their research proposals.教授正在就学生们的研究计划提供反馈。

10. The academic conference is giving researchers a platform to showcase their findings.学术会议为研究人员提供了展示他们的研究成果的平台。

试剂纯度级别（Reagent purity level）Reagent purity levelPart oneChinese appellation, English appellation, code name, label color, impurity content, application rangeA level of GR or guaranteed reagent Guarantee Reagent G.R green are rarely applicable to scientific research experiment and precision analysis, can be used as reference materialTwo grade analysis or analytical reagent Analytical, Reagent, A.R red is rare, purity is second only to grade one, used in general scientific research and demanding quantitative and qualitative analysis experimentsThree grade chemical pure or chemical pure reagent Chemical, Pure, C.P blue less, purity is inferior to two grade products, suitable for higher requirements of chemical experiments and demanding high analysis experimentsFour experimental reagents Laboratory, Reagent, L.R yellow more, purity inferior to grade three products, used for less demanding general chemical experimentThe industrial developing and not fixed, common quality fraction for middle school chemistry experiment is low, low priceSecond partUltrapure reagent:UP-S grade (that is, class MOS): metal impurities of less than 1ppb, suitable0.35 to 0.8 micron integrated circuit processing technology.Grade Pure (ICP-Mass) for plasma mass spectrometry:The content of most impurity elements is below 0.1ppb, which is suitable for Mass (ICP)Routine analysis work.(ICP, Pure, Grade) for plasma emission spectrometry:The majority of impurity elements are below 1ppb, suitable for plasma emission spectrometers (ICP)Routine analysis work.Atomic absorption spectrometry pure grade reagent (AA, Pure, Grade):The vast majority of impurity elements are below 10 ppb, suitable for atomic absorption spectrometry (AA)Routine analysis work.AR (Analytical, reagent analysis, pure);BC (Biochemical biochemical reagent);BP (British, Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia);BR (Biological, reagent, biological reagent);BS (Biological, Stain biological stain);CP (Chemical, pure, chemically pure);EP (Extra, Pure, super pure);FCM (For, Complexometry complexometric titration);FCP (For, chromatography, purpose chromatography);FMP (For, microscopic, purpose microscope);FS (For, synthesis synthesis);GC (Gas, chromatography gas chromatography);GR (Guaranteed reagent gr);HPLC (High, Preussuer, Liquid, chromatography high pressure liquid chromatography);Ind (Indicator indicator);LR (Laboratory, reagent, experimental reagent);OSA (Organic, analyfical, standard organic analysis standard);PA (for Pro analysis analysis);Pract (Practical use internship);PT (Primary eragent reference reagent);Pur (Pure, purum, pure);Puriss (Purissmum ultra pure);SP (Spectrum, pure, spectral purity);Tech (Techincal, grade, industrial);TLC (Thin, Layer, chromatography thin layer chromatography);UV (Ultra, violet, pure, spectro pure, optically pure, violet spectrophotometry, pure)Ultra high purity is more than 99.99%GR = 99.8%Pure analysis of more than 99.7%Industrial pureThis product is applicable to strict laboratory work, such aswashing, dissolving or used as raw materials in the production of.Synthetic pureThese products are suitable for organic synthesis and prefabrication applications.Extra pureThese products are suitable for general laboratory work and, in most cases, conform to most Pharmacopoeia (BP, USP, etc.) standards.Pharmacopoeia classThe purity of these chemicals conforms to the Pharmacopoeia standards, such as (NF, BP, USP, Ph, Eur, DAB, DAC, JP, Ph, Franc.)Analytically pureThis type of product is suitable for most analysis, research and quality control.Gr (GR)These products are suitable for laboratory use,Each batch of products is subjected to strict quality control to ensure consistent analysis results. This level is equivalentto most of the manufacturer's analytical grade (A.R.), reagent grade (R.G.).ACS reagentACS reagent meets the American Chemical Association's analytical reagent and is widely used in research and development, quality control.HPLC reagentThis product is suitable for high performance liquid chromatography, has a different quality in this type of product, the quality of different reagents used by whether these agents will be used for preparative chromatography or for parallel analysis or gradient analysis. Such products includehigh-purity solvents that meet stringent UV light absorption values, specifications, and ion pair reagent specifications.ion pairing agentIon pair chromatography for the analyte in reverse chromatography to separate (including ionic compounds), it is used to increase to Movil and analyte ion neutral compounds formed by the combination, so that the analyte is easily reversed HPLC chromatography. We provide special HPLC grade cationic and anionic reagents to ensure the smooth progress of the separation process.Pesticide residue levelThe specially detected solvent can avoid more than 1/1000 of organic impurities. Such solvents are specially purified by glass in a number of steps. Keep the internal conditions stable in the bottle and avoid any possible contamination.Dry and anhydrous gradeThis solvent has very low water content and is suitable for analysis or organic synthesis. The drying solvent traditionally follows Karl FischeFor the analysis of the content of water I method for the determination of anhydrous solvent has gradually become a new part of the organic and inorganic chemical technology research indispensable, in our catalog, you can find a super dry solvent or molecular sieve with super dry solvent.Peptides and DNA synthetic gradeThe most distinctive features of these products are low UV absorption and low moisture content.Pure spectrumThese solvents have very high UV permeability and are suitable for rigorous IR spectroscopic tests.Food / FCC gradeProducts comply with the food chemical Codex (FCC) specification and maximum impurity content limits.Molecular biology levelThese products guarantee no enzyme, thus avoiding the interference of the analysis process, and the products are sufficiently transparent to be used in molecular biology.Biotechnology / biochemical gradeHighly purified reagents are suitable for biochemical research and analysis, and the critical parameters involved are no inhibitors, such as trace amounts of heavy metals, enzymes, coenzyme and enzyme ligands.Microbial gradeWe offer hundreds of microbial products, some dehydrated medium, adjuvant, and other demonstration systems.Phosphor gradeOur fluorescent HPLC grade is gradient and fluorescent controlled, particularly suitable for fluorescent HPLC analysis of PAH.microscopyProvide various types of chemical reagents for microscopy.PCParticularly stable tetrahydrofuran is suitable for FPC (gel permeation chromatography). Because it does not damage peroxoides, these tetrahydrofuran are used for column storage.Cell culture levelThe cell culture level includes cell media, laboratory specimens, biological extracts, selective and sterile reagents for a variety of uses.Protein levelProteomics is the use of qualitative and quantitative methods to compare proteins in different conditions or in different biological processes. We provide reagents in this regard.histological gradeWe provide solvents and reagents suitable for tissue research purity.Ultrapure gradeUltra pure grade is used in inorganic trace analysis, impurities must be controlled at ppt or ppb levels, and each reagent will be delivered together with a complete test certificate.Electronic / VLSI/ ULSI/ SLSI VLSI levelThese products are used in the semiconductor industry, and thevalues of cations, anions and particles are guaranteed to reach ppm to ppb levels. Our chemicals are suitable for cleaning and etching of all products in the semiconductor manufacturing process.ASTM productsIt is useful to analyze the oil derivatives when reagents and instruments conform to the guidelines of the astm.Low mercury content acidThese products are used for mercury analysis in environmental protection analysis to ensure that no mercury in the acid is added to the sample to cause disturbance.AA and ICP standard solutions, 1000ppmThey are made of high purity salts and acids and bases. The concentration was determined by titration and gravimetric analysis. They are used for atomic absorption spectrometry, polarography, or colorimetric techniques, and their accuracy is referenced by the United States Standards and Standards Institute of technology.Volumetric standard solutionFor measuring capacity, the accuracy is referenced by the United States Standards and Institute of technology standards.pH buffersWe provide a large number of pH buffer solutions to calibrate the pH meter. The accuracy is referenced by the United States Standards and Technology Institute standards. Color pH 4, 7, 10 solution is easy to distinguish.Murphy reagentKarl phenanthrene titration is used to determine moisture content in many different samples, including industrial and laboratory quality control. Our chi reagent does not contain toxic pyridine. It has a good cushioning capacity, allowing faster and more steady to the titration end.。

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Volume286Board of Series editorsLeopoldo Angrisani,Napoli,ItalyMarco Arteaga,Coyoacán,MéxicoSamarjit Chakraborty,München,GermanyJiming Chen,Hangzhou,P.R.ChinaTan Kay Chen,Singapore,SingaporeRüdiger Dillmann,Karlsruhe,GermanyHaibin Duan,Beijing,ChinaGianluigi Ferrari,Parma,ItalyManuel Ferre,Madrid,SpainSandra Hirche,München,GermanyFaryar Jabbari,Irvine,USAJanusz Kacprzyk,Warsaw,PolandAlaa Khamis,New Cairo City,EgyptTorsten Kroeger,Stanford,USATan Cher Ming,Singapore,SingaporeWolfgang Minker,Ulm,GermanyPradeep Misra,Dayton,USASebastian Möller,Berlin,GermanySubhas Mukhopadyay,Palmerston,New ZealandCun-Zheng Ning,Tempe,USAToyoaki Nishida,Sakyo-ku,JapanFederica Pascucci,Roma,ItalyTariq Samad,Minneapolis,USAGan Woon Seng,Nanyang Avenue,SingaporeGermano Veiga,Porto,PortugalHaitao Wu,Beijing,ChinaJunjie James Zhang,Charlotte,USAAbout this Series“Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering(LNEE)”is a book series which reports the latest research and developments in Electrical Engineering,namely:•Communication,Networks,and Information Theory•Computer Engineering•Signal,Image,Speech and Information Processing•Circuits and Systems•BioengineeringLNEE publishes authored monographs and contributed volumes which present cutting edge research information as well as new perspectives on classicalfields, while maintaining Springer’s high standards of academic excellence.Also con-sidered for publication are lecture materials,proceedings,and other related mate-rials of exceptionally high quality and interest.The subject matter should be original and timely,reporting the latest research and developments in all areas of electrical engineering.The audience for the books in LNEE consists of advanced level students, researchers,and industry professionals working at the forefront of theirfields.Much like Springer’s other Lecture Notes series,LNEE will be distributed through Springer’s print and electronic publishing channels.More information about this series at /series/7818Logistics Engineering Institution,CMES EditorProceedings of China Modern Logistics EngineeringInheritance,Wisdom,Innovation and Cooperation123EditorLogistics Engineering Institution,CMESBeijingChinaISSN1876-1100ISSN1876-1119(electronic)ISBN978-3-662-44673-7ISBN978-3-662-44674-4(eBook)DOI10.1007/978-3-662-44674-4Library of Congress Control Number:2014948758Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London©Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg2015This work is subject to copyright.All rights are reserved by the Publisher,whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,specifically the rights of translation,reprinting,reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronic adaptation,computer software,or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system,for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location,in its current version,and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names,registered names,trademarks,service marks,etc.in this publication does not imply,even in the absence of a specific statement,that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made.The publisher makes no warranty,express or implied,with respect to the material contained herein.Printed on acid-free paperSpringer is part of Springer Science+Business Media()ForewordWith the rapid development of Chinese economy and economic globalization, China’s logistics industry has connected to the international market at great speed, logistics engineering has made remarkable development,and logistics technology and equipment market have kept growing.Logistics engineering is an integrated multidisciplinary technology;the tech-nological progress of logistics engineering has undoubtedly promoted the devel-opment of modern logistics greatly.In recent years,the Chinese government’s enhanced policy of support to the logistics industry,and the activeness of the logistics market has greatly promoted the rapid development of logistics engineering.Proceedings of China Modern Logistics Engineering was edited by Logistics Engineering Institution,CMES,which collected44thesis covering enterprise logistics,logistics systems and management,logistics warehousing and distribution technology and management,lifting machinery technology,conveying machinery technology,and otherfields;it reflects the latest research achievement of China’s logistics engineering.This book can serve as a reference book for teachers,graduate students,and undergraduate students from college/university of logistics management,logistics engineering,transportation,business administration,e-commerce,and industrial engineering.The book can also be used as a reference book for logistics profes-sionals,including scholars,researchers from colleges,and technical personnel of enterprises.Conference Program CommitteeChairsMr.Daming LuPresident,Logistics Engineering institution,CMES Dean,Beijing Materials Handling Research Institute Mr.Qifan BaoVice President,Logistics Engineering institution,CMES Prof.Guohua WangUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingProf.Kenneth C.WilliamsUniversity of Newcastle,AustraliaMembersProf.Yuqing GuoWuhan University of Science and TechnologyProf.Dexin TaoWuhan University of TechnologyProf.Weigang SongNortheastern UniversityProf.Changsheng LiuCentral South University of Forestry and Technology Prof.Linjing XiaoShandong University of Science and Technology Prof.Nianli LuHarbin Institute of TechnologyProf.Qicai ZhouTongJi Universityviii Conference Program Committee Prof.Shunde GaoDalia University of TechnologyProf.Haim KalmanBen-Gurion University of the NegeyProf.V.K.AgarwalIndian Institute of Technology Industrial Tribology,ITMMECMr.Heqian YuSenior Engineer,Beijing Materials Handling Research InstituteMr.Gening XuDoctor/Vice Dean,Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyMr.Wenjun MengDoctor/Dean,Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyMr.Jianguo ZhangGeneral manager,Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries Co.,Ltd.Mr.Renhu PanDoctor/Vice President,Fujian Longking Co.,Ltd.Mr.Fusheng QiuGeneral manager,Shanghai Logiwis Engineering Co.,Ltd.Mr.Deyuan FuSenior Engineer,Beijing Materials Handling Research InstituteMr.Qingmin QiVice Dean,Beijing Materials Handling Research InstituteMr.Yaping ZhengDirector,Logistics Engineering institution,CMESContentsPart I Logistics Systems and Management Research(LSMR)1Research on Distribution Center Logistics EquipmentRisk Management (3)Qicai Zhou,Xiaolei Xiong and Hang Fang2Research on Logistics Center Layout Based on SLP (17)Yannan Liu and Qilan Zhao3System Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Two-StageRemanufacturing Reverse Supply Chain (29)Yiwei Mo,Liwei Li and Wei Huang4Research and Demonstration of Dynamic Intelligent Logistics System of the Collection and Transportation Processof Giant Municipal Garbage (39)Shuang Xu,Guangming Li,Haitao Ou and Wenqing Wu5Research on the Stairs Evacuation with Fluid Wave Theory (51)Xun Weng,Zhiyuan Su,Wenshuo Liu and Qianqing Xu6An Approach to Integrated Cellular Layout Design Based on Logistics Cost Optimization (61)Yongqian Zheng,Kuixue Ding and Kefeng Cen7The Inventory Demand Forecasting Model of the Regional Logistics Network in Supply Chain (73)An-Quan Zou and Ren-Cun Huang8Research on Logistics Marketing Based on LocalCharacteristic Economy Industrial Cluster (85)Xiaoyuan Shi9Based on AHP and Cluster Analysis for ClassificationMethod of Emergency Supplies (95)Zhiyuan Su,Xun Weng and Lei Zhang10Green Supply Chain Management System of ModernEnterprise Construction Strategy (105)Xiaoyuan Shi11Based on FCM Disaster Area Management at Different Levels (115)Chaowei Zheng,Xun Weng,Zhiyuan Su and Zhijun Zhuang12Life Cycle Inventory of Multi-mode Transport Systemfor Designing Green Logistics (125)Lu Li and Suiran YuPart II Lifting Machinery Technology Research(LMTR)13Dynamic Reliability of the Weight Index Model Researchof Residual Fatigue Life of the Crane Boom (137)Fuhai Cai,Fuling Zhao,Xin Wang,Shunde Gao and Liming Chen14Study of the Opening Angle Influence of Y-shaped Guying System on the Buckling Stability of Telescopic Boom Crane (155)Li Chen,Rumin Teng,Yahui Zheng,Haibo Chi,Wei Xuand Na Hou15Design of New Hydraulic Pushing Device (165)Qicai Zhou,Jiong Zhao,Xiaolei Xiong and Haiyan He16The Improvement of Running Condition on the Cranewith the Wheel Flange (173)Jigui Kuang,Dabao Liu,Xuequan Xiao and Hao Wu17Lightweight Design for the Combinatorial Jib (179)Jiong Zhao,Qicai Zhou,Wenjun Li and Zailei Zhou18Research on the Overload Protection Systemof Knuckle Boom Crane (189)Kun Song,Yaofeng Xue,Lei Xu and Bo Zhang19Research on Energy Consumption of Variable FrequencyControl for Portal or Overhead Crane (199)Lili Ma and Wenming Cheng20User-Oriented and Visualized Optimization for Crane Design (209)Yuanfang Tao and Chaofei Hong21Design of the Special Spreader of Super-Tonnage Crane (217)Jiong Zhao,Xiaolei Xiong,Wenjun Li and Yujun Hu22Research of Crane Parametric Collaborative Design Platform (229)Zongyan Wang,Fen Yang,Jian Zhao,Jian Li and Rongbin Zhai23Mechanical Performance of Crane’s Main Girderswith Corrugated Webs (243)Guo-qian Wei,Hai-tao Dong,Yue Li and Qin Fan24The Electric Control Scheme of2500t Ring Crane (255)Xiaolei Xiong,Jiong Zhao,Qicai Zhou and Li ZengPart III Logistics Warehousing and Distribution TechnologyManagement(LWDT)25Research on Picking Route Optimization for One Stackerin Multiple Aisles Automated Storage and Retrieval System (265)Ailan Feng,Zhanzhen Di and Wenying Ding26A Cellular Ant Algorithm-Based Method for SolvingStereo Warehouse Slotting Optimization Problem (273)Meng Jin,Xihui Mu,Fengpo Du and Lei Luo27Research on Process Optimization of Automated Warehouse (283)Wei Yang,Dan Li,Chen Yan and Yuxiao Du28Research and Implementation of Condition-BasedMaintenance System for Stack Crane in AutomaticStorage and Retrieval System (291)Sixia Fan,Qicai Zhou,Jiong Zhao and Xiaolei Xiongxii Contents Part IV Conveying Machinery Technology Research(CMTR)29The Research of Integrated Supply Chain Model Restedon Joint Ordering (303)Wenxue Ran and Yang Yu30The Necessity of Construction of the Three GorgesEmergency Logistics Base and Its Measures (313)Juan Wang,Weijun He and Yasan Fu31Resistance Analysis for Bulk Materials in the VerticalSection of Pipe Scraper Conveyor (327)Yanping Yao,Wenjun Meng,Ziming Kou and Zhicheng Liao32Material Uninterrupted Feeding Technology and FeedingSpeed Control Research of Large ElectroslagRemelting Furnace (337)C.Z.Wang and J.C.Song33Structure Weight Reduction of Ship Unloader Basedon the Orthogonal Experiment Method (347)Suiran Yu,Jingxing Qian and Jianguo ZhangPart V Enterprise Logistics(EL)34Given Target Position Path Planning of ConcretePump Vehicle (361)Xin Wang,Hui Jin,Xuyang Cao,Shunde Gao and Shujun Ming35A New Hybrid Topology Optimization Method CouplingESO and SIMP Method (373)Hongyu Jiao,Qicai Zhou,Sixia Fan and Ying Li36An Integrated Conceptual Design Calculation Methodfor Logistics Machinery Based on Working Conditionand Load Combination (385)Zhiyi Pan,Shunde Gao,Xin Wang and Xuyang Cao37Improved Heuristic Procedure for Mixed-Model U-lineBalancing Problem with Fuzzy Times (395)Zeqiang Zhang and Wenming ChengContents xiii 38Research and Building of Database Model of LogisticsBusiness Platform (407)Li Li,Gaoyuan Meng,Xiaoping Liao and Wengui Su39Research on Multi-service Demand Path Planning Basedon Continuous Hopfield Neural Network (417)Yitong Zhang and Gang Zhao40A Graded Optimization-Based Approach to Remanufacturing Production Decision (431)Yiwei Mo,Zhili Huang and Wei Huang41Research About Slider Nonlinear Contact Analysisof the Telescopic Boom with Cylinder Supporting (441)Shilin Shen,Zhongpeng Zhang and Bin Gu42Research on Automatic Layout Planning and Performance Analysis System of Production Line Based on Simulation (455)Lv Chao,Liu Shuang,Shiming Wang and bei Cai43Optimization Study Based on Lean Logisticsin Manufacturing Enterprises (463)Xiaoyan Wang44Power Assembly and Monitoring Management Systemof Lithium Ion Battery in Mine (473)Zhihao Yu,Chuanyu Sun,Jiancheng Fang and Linjing XiaoAbout the EditorsMr.Daming LuPresident,Logistics Engineering institution,CMESDean,Beijing Materials Handling Research InstitutePersonal ProfileSince the early1980s,Daming Lu mainly engaged in the development of material handling equipment and logistics systems for automatic control research,and started to focus on large logistics system planning since the1990s.He has suc-cessfully hosted more than10large logistics system and distribution center projects, and won many awards,such as:the third prize for progress of National Science and Technology,first prize for progress of China Machinery Industry Science and Technology,second prize for progress of Beijing Science and Technology, and so on.Main Works1.“The Application of Automated High-rise Warehouse in Light Sensitive Sub-stance Industry”ISBN7-111-04388-X/TH.2.“The status and development of our material handling technology and equip-ment”Published in:(Journal of Modern manufacturing).3.“Bulk handling system in Cargo Department of Air China”Published in:(Journal of Logistics&Material Handling).e-mail:********************.comPhone:0086-10-64031452xvxvi About the Editors Prof.Wang GuohuaBeijing University of Science and TechnologyPersonal ProfileProfessor Wang Guohua is a famous Chinese logistics expert,who began to engage in the Chinese logistics industry education,publicity,development and research work since the late1970s,mainly related to“logistics management”,“manufac-turing logistics,”“supply chain management”and other aspects of the research.He presided over and carried out more than30Chinese key projects and enterprises on logistics projects,and received a number of scientific and technological progress awards.He has published80dissertations,was chief editor in participation com-pilation discussing many state-level,bureau-level scientific research topics,and also responsible for participates.Main Works1.“Supply Chain Management of Coal Enterprises and its Performance Evalua-tion”Published in:(Journal of Logistics&Material Handling)2.“Logistics Engineering and technological innovation”Published in:(Journal of Shandong University of Sciences and Technology), Volume24,20053.“Based on the three-phase simulation method AS/RS logistics system planning”Published in:(Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing),Vol-ume29,20074.“Vehicle distribution system in the LNG supply”Published in:(Journal of Logistics Technology),Volume10,2008e-mail:**************Phone:0086-10-62332121。

论《宫体诗的自赎》申茜【摘要】The Ransom of Gongti Poetry which was written by Wen Yiduo has a distinct personality and strong characteristics of the times. Besides, the research for the poetry made a very important contribution to the recently study. On the research method, Wen Yiduo took the theoretical method of evaluation. When describe the research, he used vivid metaphor and representation to make a brilliant demonstration. However, with the time limitation in the research, there were some insufficient exist in Mr. Wen's study.%闻一多先生的《宫体诗的自赎》一文颇具个性和时代特色，对当时的学术界有重要的贡献。

在研究方法上，运用了进化论的理论方法；在表述研究成果时，运用生动的比喻、形象的描述、诙谐的笔调，形成了精彩的论证和独特而灵活的风格。

但囿于学术研究的时代局限性，闻先生对于宫体诗的界定、评价等方面存在不够严密之处。

【期刊名称】《大众科技》【年(卷),期】2013(000)009【总页数】3页(P151-152,144)【关键词】闻一多;《宫体诗的自赎》;进化论;具体方法;宫体诗【作者】申茜【作者单位】广西师范学院文学院，广西南宁 530000【正文语种】中文【中图分类】H152闻一多的《宫体诗的自赎》对宫体诗进行了创造性的现代阐释和历史观照，在当时的学术界有其重要的影响。

第1篇一、活动背景随着我国教育事业的不断发展，英语作为一门重要的外语学科，其教学质量和效果备受关注。

为了提高英语教师的教学水平，激发教师的教学热情，我校英语教研组于近期组织开展了英语赛教活动。

本次活动旨在为教师提供一个展示自我、相互学习、共同进步的平台，进一步推动英语教学的改革与发展。

二、活动目标1. 提高英语教师的教学水平，促进教师专业成长；2. 激发教师的教学热情，增强团队凝聚力；3. 促进教师之间的交流与合作，共同探讨英语教学的有效方法；4. 推动英语教学的改革与发展，提高英语教学质量。

三、活动内容1. 研讨会：组织英语教师围绕“如何提高英语教学质量”这一主题进行深入研讨，分享教学经验，共同探讨解决教学难题的方法。

2. 课堂观摩：邀请优秀英语教师进行示范课展示，让其他教师观摩学习，取长补短。

3. 教学设计比赛：要求教师根据指定的教学内容，设计一堂精彩的英语课，并进行现场教学展示。

4. 教学反思：要求教师在赛教活动结束后，撰写教学反思，总结经验教训，为今后的教学工作提供借鉴。

四、活动过程1. 筹备阶段：成立赛教活动筹备小组，制定活动方案，明确活动目标、内容、时间、地点等。

2. 宣传阶段：通过校内广播、海报、微信群等多种渠道，广泛宣传赛教活动，激发教师参与热情。

3. 实施阶段：（1）研讨会：邀请专家进行专题讲座，引导教师深入思考英语教学问题，提升教学理念。

（2）课堂观摩：组织教师观摩优秀示范课，学习借鉴先进的教学方法。

（3）教学设计比赛：教师根据指定教学内容，设计一堂精彩的英语课，并进行现场教学展示。

（4）教学反思：教师撰写教学反思，总结经验教训，为今后的教学工作提供借鉴。

4. 总结阶段：对赛教活动进行总结，评选出优秀个人和团队，颁发奖品和荣誉证书。

五、活动成果1. 提高了英语教师的教学水平，促进了教师专业成长；2. 增强了团队凝聚力，激发了教师的教学热情；3. 促进教师之间的交流与合作，共同探讨英语教学的有效方法；4. 推动了英语教学的改革与发展，提高了英语教学质量。

课题研究突破点与实践价值范文课题研究的突破点在于通过深入分析和探讨，找到破解难题的方法和方向。

这将为相关领域的实践提供有益的借鉴和指导。

The breakthrough point of the research topic lies in finding the methods and directions to solve the problems through in-depth analysis and exploration. This will provide beneficial reference and guidance for the practice in the related fields.通过对现有理论和实践经验的总结和归纳，可以找到新的研究视角和方法，有助于开拓学科研究的新领域。

By summarizing and generalizing the existing theories and practical experiences, new research perspectives and methods can be found, which will contribute to exploring new fields of academic research.在探索新的研究方向时，需要充分发挥创造性思维和开拓精神，不断尝试和实践，才能取得突破性的成果。

In exploring new research directions, it is necessary to fully leverage creative thinking and pioneering spirit, and continuously try and practice, in order to achieve breakthrough results.研究的实践价值在于通过理论和实证相结合，为现实问题的解决提供有效的方案和依据。

国家重点研发计划项目结题要求标准Completing a national key research and development project is an important milestone for researchers and scientists. It is a moment of pride and accomplishment, showcasing years of hard work, dedication, and innovation. The requirements set for the completion of such projects are stringent, reflecting the high standards and expectations placed on the research and development community.国家重点研发计划项目的结题要求严格而具有挑战性，反映了对研究和开发社区的高标准和期望。

完成这样的项目是研究人员和科学家的重要里程碑，是努力工作、奉献和创新多年的骄傲和成就的体现。

One of the key requirements for completing a national key research and development project is the demonstration of tangible results and outcomes. This includes the development of new technologies, products, or solutions that have the potential to make a significant impact in their respective fields. Researchers are expected to showcase how their work has contributed to advancing knowledge, addressing key challenges, and ultimately benefiting society as a whole.完成国家重点研发计划项目的一个关键要求是展示有形的结果和成果。

Brief Introduction了解对方客户的商品生产主体——工厂——是对外贸易中必不可少的一环。

工厂的设备、规模和工人的素质以及决策者的管理能力都决定着以后产品的质量和信誉。

作为索取资料、电话传真问询、浏览网页的必要补充步骤，参观工厂可以让客户最直接、最客观地了解生产方公司，对日后的贸易成功意义重大。

Basic Expressions1. We look forward to our tour of your plant.我们盼着参观你们工厂。

2. If it is not too much trouble, we would like to talk to some of the technicians.如果不是太麻烦的话，我们想与一些技术员谈一谈。

3. We learned a lot about your facilities and the process of wine making.关于你们的酿酒设备和酿酒过程，我们了解了不少情况。

4. We’re interested in learning about your food-making and pack- aging process.我们想向你们学习食品加工和包装过程。

5. It was very kind of you to give me a tour of the plant.谢谢你陪同我参观工厂。

6. You will surely know the products better after the visit.参观工厂参观后你对我们的产品肯定会更了解。

7. Let me give you this list of departments first.我先给你这份各个部门的清单。

8. Next to each department is its location and the name of the manager.在每个部门的旁边都标有其具体位置和经理的姓名。

3-U5中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。

自古以来，茶就被誉为中华民族的“国饮”。

无论是文人墨客生活中的“琴棋书画诗酒茶”，还是平民百姓生活中的“柴米油盐酱醋茶”，茶都是必备品。

同时，中国又是文明古国，礼仪之邦。

凡是来了客人或朋友，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪必不可少。

随着中外文化交流和商业贸易的发展，中国茶及茶文化传向了全世界。

现在五大洲有不少国家种茶，也有很多国家从中国进口茶。

中国茶和中国的丝绸及瓷器一样，已经成为中国在全世界的代名词。

China is the hometown of tea and the birthplace of tea culture. Since ancient times, tea has been known as the "national drink" of China. In both the Chinese scholars' seven daily necessities, namely music, chess, calligraphy, painting, poetry, wine and tea and common people's seven ones, namely firewood, rice, oil, salt, soy sauce, vinegar and tea, tea is listed as one of the necessities. Meanwhile, China is a country with ancient civilization and a land of courtesy. The practice of making and serving tea is essential whenever there are guests or friends. With the development of cultural exchange, commerce and trade between China and other countries, Chinese tea and tea culture spread to the world. Today, a number of countries across the five continents grow tea plants, and many countries import tea from China. Chinese tea, like Chinese silk and chinaware, has become synonymous with China in the world.3-U6《孙子兵法》（The Art of War）是我国古代著名的军事家（strategist）孙武的著作。

High school English education is an essential part of students' academic journey, fostering their linguistic skills, critical thinking abilities, and cultural literacy. The curriculum typically spans across various dimensions, including reading comprehension, writing proficiency, speaking and listening skills, grammar, vocabulary development, and literary analysis. Below is a detailed description of the high school English learning process, highlighting its multi-faceted nature and adherence to high-quality standards.**1. **Introduction and Foundation Building (Approximately 600-700 words)** The high school English curriculum commences with laying down strong foundational skills. Students revisit and refine basic grammar rules, sentence structures, and vocabulary acquisition. They delve into fundamental literary devices like similes, metaphors, and personification, enabling them to appreciate and interpret texts more profoundly.Textbook readings often include classic and contemporary literature from diverse genres such as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and drama. These texts serve as vehicles for honing reading comprehension skills. Teachers guide students through close reading exercises, asking them to identify themes, analyze characters, and discern authorial intent. This stage emphasizes active engagement with texts and fosters a habit of reflective reading.Moreover, writing instruction begins with the basics of essay structure - introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion - before moving on to more complex formats like argumentative, narrative, and descriptive essays. Students learn to craft clear thesis statements, develop supporting evidence, and integrate quotes from texts effectively.**2. **Intermediate Development and Mastery (Approximately 400-500 words)** As students progress, they engage in more advanced literary analysis, exploring different periods and movements in literature. This phase involves studying Shakespearean plays, American classics, and global literatures, among others. It equips them with the ability to recognize cultural contexts, historical influences, and social commentary within literary works.In terms of writing, this stage focuses on refining research skills, citation methods, and integrating primary and secondary sources. They write term papers, conduct research projects, and participate in peer reviews to hone their editing and revising skills. Additionally, creative writing assignments encourage originality and voice development.Speaking and listening skills are also integral parts of this phase. Class discussions, debates, presentations, and collaborative projects foster effective communication and public speaking. Students may even engage in speech competitions or dramatic performances to practice these skills in real-world scenarios.**3. **Advanced Application and Critical Thinking (Approximately 300-400 words)**At the advanced level, high school English education shifts towards college-preparatory work. Students read complex texts, both fiction and non-fiction, that challenge them to think critically about societal issues, moral dilemmas, and philosophical questions.Writing tasks at this level often require sophisticated rhetorical strategies and nuanced arguments. They might be asked to compose analytical essays, personal narratives, or persuasive speeches that reflect deep understanding and independent thought. Research papers become more extensive, requiring in-depth analysis, synthesis of multiple perspectives, and demonstration of original insights.Additionally, students are introduced to AP English courses where they prepare for standardized tests, which assess their ability to read and comprehend challenging material, analyze arguments, and write effectively under time constraints.**4. Assessment and Evaluation (Approximately 100-200 words)**Assessment in high school English is multifaceted, ranging from formative assessments like class participation, homework, and quizzes to summative assessments like unit tests, essays, and final projects. Teachers employ rubricsto evaluate students' written work based on content, organization, style, and mechanics.Furthermore, standardized testing, such as end-of-course exams or the SAT/ACT writing sections, provide external benchmarks for measuring student achievement against national or international standards.**5. Conclusion (Approximately 100 words)**In summary, the high school English curriculum operates on a continuum of learning that starts with building core language skills and culminates in advanced critical thinking and expression. It adheres to high standards by emphasizing depth over breadth, ensuring students not only master the mechanics of language but also cultivate a love for literature and a knack for articulate communication. By engaging with rich, diverse texts and rigorous writing tasks, students gain the tools necessary for success in higher education and beyond.While this overview outlines a general framework, it's crucial to note that individual schools and districts often tailor their English curricula to suit local needs and educational goals, always aiming for a comprehensive, dynamic, and challenging learning experience.This roughly 1400-word explanation underscores the importance of a multifaceted and rigorous approach to high school English education, one that prepares students for the complexities of our interconnected world while nurturing their intellectual curiosity and passion for lifelong learning.。

玉米种植装备信息感知及控制关键技术研究与示范Corn planting equipment information perception and control key technology research and demonstration is an essential aspect in modern agriculture. With the advancement of technology, it is crucial to explore and develop cutting-edge techniques to enhance efficiency and productivity in corn cultivation. From precision planting to autonomous machinery, there are numerous opportunities to revolutionize corn farming practices.玉米种植设备信息感知和控制关键技术的研究与示范是现代农业中一个重要方面。

随着技术的进步，探索和开发前沿技术以提高玉米种植的效率和生产力至关重要。

从精准播种到自动化机械，有许多机会可以彻底改变玉米种植的实践。

One significant aspect to consider in the research and development of corn planting equipment is the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology. By utilizing sensors and connectivity, farmers can monitor and control various aspects of the planting process remotely. This not only saves time and resources but also allows for real-time data collection and analysis for continuous improvement.在玉米种植设备的研究和开发中需要考虑的一个重要方面是整合物联网（IoT）技术。

1. Risks to subjects are minimized by:∙using procedures consistent with sound research design and which do not unnecessarily expose subjects to risk, and∙when appropriate, by using procedures already being performed on the subjects for diagnostic or treatment purposes∙Investigators have appropriate qualifications and/or licensure to carry out the procedures involving human participants with an acceptable degree of potential risk.∙Investigators have adequate facilities and equipment to conduct the research with an acceptable degree of potential risk.Categories of risks: physical, psychological, social, economic, invasion of privacy, breach of confidentiality2. Risks to subjects are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits, if any, to subjects, and the importanceof the knowledge that may reasonably be expected to result.prospect of direct benefit to individuals*Minimal risk means the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are notgreater in and of themselves than those ordinarily encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine physical or psychological examinations or tests (45CFR46.102(h)(i), 21CFR50.3(k)).**A research benefit is considered to be something of health-related, psychosocial, or other value to an individual research subject, or something that will contribute to the acquisition of generalizable knowledge. Money or other compensation for participation is not considered to be a benefit, but rather compensation for research-related inconveniences.In evaluating risks and benefits, the IRB should consider only those risks and benefits that may result from the research (as distinguished from risks and benefits of therapies subjects would receive even if not participating in the research). The IRB should not consider possible long-range effects of applying knowledge gained in theresearch (ie, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among those research risks that fall within the purview of its responsibility.3. Selection of subjects is equitable.In making this assessment the IRB should take into account the purposes of the research and the setting in which the research will be conducted and should be particularly cognizant of the special problems of research involving vulnerable populations, such as children, prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons.4. Informed consent will be sought from each prospective subject or their legally authorized representative, unlessthe IRB has approved a waiver or alteration of this requirement.Consent shall be sought only under circumstances that provide the prospective participant sufficient opportunity to consider whether or not to participate and that minimizes the possibility of coercion or undue influence. The information shall be in language understandable to the participant or representative. No informed consent, oral or written, may include any exculpatory language through which the subject is made to waive or appear to waive any of their legal rights, or releases, or appears to release the investigator, sponsor, institution, or its agents from liability for negligence. (45CFR46.116, 21CFR50.20)The following information shall be provided to each participant:(a) a statement that the study involves research, an explanation of the purposes of the research, and the expectedduration of the subject’s participation, a description of the procedures to be followed, and identification ofany procedures that are experimental(b) a description of any reasonably foreseeable risks or discomforts to the participant(c) a description of any benefits to the subject or others which may reasonably be expected from the research(d) a disclosure of appropriate alternative procedures or courses of treatment, if any, that might be advantageous(e) a statement describing the extent, if any, to which confidentiality of records identifying the participant will bemaintained (if FDA-regulated research, must include that the records may be inspected by the FDA)(f) (for research involving more than minimal risk) an explanation as to whether any compensation and anexplanation as to whether any medical treatments are available in injury occurs and, if so, what they consist of, or where further information may be obtained(g) an explanation of whom to contact for answers to pertinent questions about the research and researchsubjects’ rights, and whom to contact in the event of a research-related injury(h) a statement that participation is voluntary, refusal to participate or discontinue participation will involve nopenalty or loss of benefits to which the subject is otherwise entitled(i) (when appropriate) a statement that the particular treatment or procedures may involve risks to the subjectwhich are currently unforeseeable(j) (when appropriate)anticipated circumstances under which the subject’s participation may be terminated by the investigator without regard to their consent(k) (when appropriate) any additional costs to the subject that may result from participation(l) (when appropriate)the consequences of a subject’s decision to withdraw from the research and procedures for orderly termination of their participation(m) (when appropriate) a statement that significant new findings developed during the course of the research which may relate to the subject’s willingness to continue participation will be provided to them(n) (when appropriate) the approximate number of subjects involved in the study5. Informed consent will be appropriately documented, unless the IRB has approved a waiver of therequirement.6. When appropriate, the research plan makes adequate provision for monitoring the data collected toensure the safety of subjects.7. When appropriate, there are adequate provisions to protect the privacy of subjects and to maintain theconfidentiality of data.8. When some or all subjects are likely to be vulnerable to coercion or undue influence, such as children,prisoners, pregnant women, mentally disabled persons, or economically or educationally disadvantaged persons, additional safeguards have been included in the study to protect the rights and welfare of these participants.9. The IRB has sufficient knowledge of the local research context; either through a member(s)’ personalexperience, or through communications with outside consultants possessing experience with the subjectpopulation, or the surrounding community. (45CFR46.107(a), 21CFR56.107(a))10. The appropriate approval period has been determined (continuing review must occur at intervals appropriateto the degree of risk, but not less than once per year). (45CFR46.103(b)(4), 21CFR56.103(a))The IRB must find and document that:(1) The research or demonstration project is to be conducted by or subject to the approval of state or localgovernment officials and is designed to study, evaluate or otherwise examine:(i) public benefit of service programs(ii) procedures for obtaining benefits or services under those programs,(iii) possible changes in or alternatives to those programs or procedures, or(iv) possible changes in methods or levels of payment for benefits or services under those programs,AND(2) the research could not practicably be carried out without the waiver or alteration. (45CFR46.116(c))OR(1) The research will involve no more than minimal risk to subjects(2) the waiver or alteration will not adversely affect the rights and welfare of the subjects(3) the research could not practicably be carried out without the waiver or alteration, and(4) when appropriate, the subjects will be provided with additional pertinent information after participation.(45CFR46.116(d))The informed consent requirements in this policy are not intended to preempt any applicable federal, state or local laws which require additional information to be disclosed in order for informed consent to be legally effective.The IRB must find and document that:(1) That the only record linking the subject and the research would be the consent document and the principalrisk would be potential harm resulting from a breach in confidentiality. Each subject will be given theopportunity to sign, if they wish. The IRB may require the investigator to provide subjects with a writtenstatement regarding the research.OR(2) That the research presents no more than minimal risk of harm to subjects and involves no procedures forwhich written consent is normally required outside of the research context. The IRB may require theinvestigator to provide subjects with a written statement regarding the research.2. Adequate provisions will be made for soliciting the permission of each child’s parent or guardian (unless a waiveris appropriate)3. The research is approvable under one of the following permissible categories:Research not involving greater than minimal risk to children. (45CFR46.404)Research involving greater than minimal risk, but potential for direct benefit (45CFR46.405)∙The intervention or procedure holds out the prospect of direct benefit for the individual participant, or by a monitoring procedure that is likely to contribute to the subject’s well-being;∙The risk is justified by the anticipated benefit to subjects; and∙The relation of the anticipated benefit to the risk is at least as favorable to the subjects as that presented by available alternative approachesResearch involving greater than minimal risk, with no potential for direct benefit, but likely to yield generalizable knowledge about the subject’s disorder or condition. (45CFR46.406)∙The risk represents a minor increase over minimal risk;∙The intervention or procedure presents experiences to subjects that are reasonably commensurate with those inherent in their actual or expected medical, dental, psychological, social or educational situations;and∙The intervention or p rocedure is likely to yield generalizable knowledge about the subject’s disorder or condition which is of vital importance for the understanding or amelioration of the subjects’ disorder orconditionResearch not otherwise approvable, which presents an opportunity to understand, prevent, or alleviate a serious problem affecting the health or welfare of children. (45CFR46.407)∙Must present a reasonable opportunity to further the understanding, prevention or alleviation of a serious problem affecting the health or welfare of children.∙Must be conducted in accordance with sound ethical principles.∙Requires approval by a federal HHS panel (and/or FDA panel) of experts in applicable disciplines, in addition to a public review and comment period.4. Wards of the state: Children who are wards of the state or any other agency, institution, or entity can be included in research approved under the last 2 categories only if the research is:∙Related to their status as wards; the IRB shall require appointment of an advocate who has the background and experience to act in the best interests of the child, and is not otherwise associated withthe research, investigator, or guardian organization; or∙Conducted in schools, camps, hospitals, institutions or similar settings in which the majority of children are not wardsAssent: a child’s affirmative agreement to participate in research. Mere failure to object should not, absent affirmative agreement, be construed as assent. In determining whether children are capable of assenting, the IRB should take into account the ages, maturity and psychological state of the children involved.Parent/Guardian permission: The IRB may find that permission of one parent or guardian is sufficient for research under 46.404 or 46.405. Where research is covered by 46.406 and 46.407, and permission is to be obtained from parents, both parents must give permission unless one parent is deceased, unknown, incompetent, or not reasonably available, or when only one parent has legal responsibility for the care and custody of the child.。

绝密★启用前2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英 语（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。

2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

Section I Structure and Vocabulary（略）Section II Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34 and will strictly control the amount of 35 that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he 37 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38 sufficient control.39 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40 of media protest when he said the 41 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 45 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 47 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49 witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their2001年英语试题第2页（共14页）stories in court to 50 guilty verdicts.31. [A] as to [B] for instance [C] in particular [D] such as32. [A] tightening [B] intensifying [C] focusing [D] fastening33. [A] sketch [B] rough [C] preliminary [D] draft34. [A] illogical [B] illegal [C] improbable [D] improper35. [A] publicity [B] penalty [C] popularity [D] peculiarity36. [A] since [B] if [C] before [D] as37. [A] sided [B] shared [C] complied [D] agreed38. [A] present [B] offer [C] manifest [D] indicate39. [A] Release [B] Publication [C] Printing [D] Exposure40. [A] storm [B] rage [C] flare [D] flash41. [A] translation [B] interpretation [C] exhibition [D] demonstration42. [A] better than [B] other than [C] rather than [D] sooner than43. [A] changes [B] makes [C] sets [D] turns44. [A] binding [B] convincing [C] restraining [D] sustaining45. [A] authorized [B] credited [C] entitled [D] qualified46. [A] with [B] to [C] from [D] by47. [A] impact [B] incident [C] inference [D] issue48. [A] stated [B] remarked [C] said [D] told49. [A] what [B] when [C] which [D] that50. [A] assure [B] confide [C] ensure [D] guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)2001年英语试题第3页（共14页）Text 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.2001年英语试题第4页（共14页）Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciencessuch as ________.[A] sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that ________.[A] there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ________.[A] the process of specialization and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is ________.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide -- the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then,2001年英语试题第5页（共14页）however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access — after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure -- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on — were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55. Digital divide is something ________.[A] getting worse because of the Internet2001年英语试题第6页（共14页）[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it ________.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment58. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on ________.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsText 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made2001年英语试题第7页（共14页）narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry[D] aims of a journalism credibility project60. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ________.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial2001年英语试题第8页（共14页）61. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ________.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[D] educational background[C] world outlook62. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its________.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderText 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Won’t the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”There’s no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer’s demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world’s wealth increases.2001年英语试题第9页（共14页）Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil Trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing — witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan — but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won’t multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition” on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds [B] to invest more abroad[C] to combine and become bigger [D] to trade with more countries64. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ________.[A] the greater customer demands [B] a surplus supply for the market[C] a growing productivity [D] the increase of the world’s wealth65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that ________.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil Trust might have threatened competition66. Toward the new business wave, the writer’s attitude can be said to be ________.optimistic [B]objective[A]biasedpessimistic [D][C]2001年英语试题第10页（共14页）Text 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting” has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all,” preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life,” and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting — also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” — has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anti-consumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-’90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline — after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late ’80s — and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.2001年英语试题第11页（共14页）For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the ’80s, downshifting in the mid-’90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life — growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one — as a personal recognition of your limitations.67. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ________.[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine69. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by ________.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle[B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress[D] anti-consumerism70. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of ________.[A] the quick pace of modern life[B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences[D] the economic situation2001年英语试题第12页（共14页）Section IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”2001年英语试题第13页（共14页）Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder — kitchen rage.Section V Writing76.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2001年英语试题第14页（共14页）。

Youdan Shuai digitization integration in other cities still need to be optimized. As an open city in the Chengdu Economic Circle, Meishan city adheres to the implementation of the digital economy development strategy in Sichuan Province, cultivates and strengthens new drivers of the digital economy, actively creates a digital economy industrial park, and promotes the deep integration of the digital economy in the city. This paper analyzes the current status and development of digital economy in Meishan city based on recent economic development statistics.2　Current Status of Digital Economy Development in Meishan CityMeishan City has been actively implementing the digital economy development strategy of Sichuan Province. In 2019, the Meishan Municipal Government issued the "Meishan City Digital Economy Development Plan (2019-2023)", which proposed a clear goal. By 2023, Meishan City should form a basic digital economy development system, with a total digital economy output value of about 70 billion yuan and a proportion of GDP that is equal to the provincial average level [4].Meishan's digital economy is developing rapidly, ranking third in Sichuan province in 2021.2.1　Digital Economy Promotes Agricultural ModernizationMeishan City is located in the southwest of Chengdu Plain, which has a superior geographical location, suitable climate, and abundant water and plant resources, providing abundant conditions for agriculture products. Products such as Danling orange, Hongya green tea, and Pengshan grape are characteristic indication in Meishan City. Among them, citrus cultivation has a long history and has become the leading agricultural industry and the primary industry for increasing income and assisting agriculture in this city. Under the strategic deployment of rural revitalization, agricultural development is gradually integrating with the digital economy, and the use of digital technology provides new ideas for rural revitalization. Utilizing digital butlers to comprehensively monitor the growth status and basic environment of crops, analyzing data to respond to environmental changes, and efficiently adjusting the temperature, light, water, and soil required for planting, not only improves crop growth efficiency but also saves costs. With the development of the internet and the rise of e-commerce platforms, local agricultural products are sold online and live streamed through the internet, expanding sales channels, and solving the problem of difficult crop sales. Therefore, the digital agricultural production and management in Meishan City promote the developmentofFig. 1　Overview of digital economy development in China 50Development Economics of China traditional agriculture towards digital agriculture, continuously accumulate experience in building digital villages and modern agriculture, and promote the deep integration of digital economy and agriculture [5].2.2　Digital transformation in industrial developmentIn 2023, Meishan City will focus on constructing 96 industrial projects, accounting for over 70% of the city's key construction industrial projects this year. With the resumption of work and production of 30 key industrial projects under construction and 829 industrial enterprises above designated size in the city, the manufacturing industry has made a full start in its sprint [6]. The RFID intelligent archive cabinet project has been invested in Danling Yihong Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., located in the Industrial Park of Meishan City. With government approval, the company has become a demonstration project for the integration of digital economy and real economy. This project combines intelligent and information-based archive data management, collects and monitors data from various stages of each case data flow, dynamically manages case flow, and has the advantages of high efficiency and automation. The Meishan Municipal Government aims to rebuild industrial Meishan, improve the cloud coverage rate of the city's government system, encourage local enterprises to deeply communicate and cooperate with global leading digital communication technology enterprises, increase basic investment, utilize cloud technologies such as intelligent manufacturing, intelligent finance, and intelligent management, empower deep integration of industry and digitization, and promote high-quality development of the city.2.3　Digital economy stimulates the vitality of culture and tourismMeishan City has famous tourist attractions such as Sansu Temple, Wawu Mountain, Pengzu Mountain, Jiulong Mountain Forest National Park, and Heilong Beach, making it an excellent tourist destination. Meanwhile, as the former residence of Su Dongpo, Meishan City has a rich historical and cultural heritage and abundant cultural resources. With the continuous development of moderndigital technology, the city has also increased the digital content of cultural and tourism. ModernFig. 2　Digital Economy Ranking in Sichuan Province in 202151Youdan Shuai interactive technologies such as 3D naked eye, virtual reality, and holographic imaging provide visitors with a visual experience through the combination of sound, light, electricity, and cultural relics, such as the "Wen Qu Xing Su Shi" 3D public welfare cultural course developed by Sansu Temple. In addition, cloud based roaming projects such as online live streaming and virtual museums also bring convenience to online audiences. 3D laser scanning is used to establish a 3D digital model. By measuring the model, it is possible to detect and observe cultural relics from multiple angles and all directions. These modern new technologies not only enhance the public's tourism experience and promote the development of cultural tourism in Meishan City, but also play a positive role in the protection of historical heritage, providing accurate data for future cultural relic reconstruction, inheritance, and other work. Data driven and technological support continue to stimulate new vitality in the development of cultural and tourism industries. As a tertiary industry, the cultural and tourism industry also provides a new development space for promoting the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy.3　Industrial Structure and Digital Economy Integration in Meishan CityA reasonable industrial structure can maximize the development of the regional economy. Optimizing industrial structure has also become an important factor in promoting regional economy [7]. Fig.3 shows the proportion of the three major industries in Meishan City's GDP from 2017 to 2022 [8].From Fig.3, we can know that the GDP of Meishan City steadily increased, and the proportion of the three major industries in the city's GDP has been constantly changing from 2017 to 2022. In 2017, the GDP of Meishan City was 111.723 billion yuan, with the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries accounting for 14.9%, 45.5%, and 39.6% respectively. In 2018, the Meishan City ’s GDP was 125.602 billion yuan. The first, second, and third industries account for 14.8%, 44.2%, and 41% respectively. In 2019, the GDP of Meishan City was 138.20 billion yuan. The first, second, and thirdindustries account for 14.4%, 38.2%, and 47.4% respectively. In 2020, the GDP of Meishan City wasFig. 3　The proportion of the three major industries in Meishan City's GDP from 2017 to 202252Development Economics of China53142.374 billion yuan. The contribution rates of the three industries to GDP growth are 20.2%, 32.7%, and 47.1%, respectively. In 2021, the GDP of Meishan City was 154.787 billion yuan. The contribution rates of the three industries to GDP growth are 13.0%, 34.1%, and 52.9%, respectively. In 2022, the GDP of Meishan City was 163.551 billion yuan. The contribution rates of the three industries to economic growth are 18.6%, 34.4%, and 47.0%, respectively.Between 2017 and 2022, the proportion of the tertiary industry in GDP continued to rise, rising to 47% overall, with a growth rate of 18.1%. This indicates that the development trend of the tertiary industry in Meishan City is relatively good, achieving and maintaining optimized development, becoming a pillar industry of Meishan's economy. In the industrial structure, the larger the proportion of the tertiary industry in the GDP of a region or country, the higher the level of modern economic development of that region or country. The upgrading of industrial structure, industrial upgrading, and the added value of products are the factors that affect GDP growth. The digital economy, as a new form of economy, integrates into the traditional real economy to promote its upgrading, forming changes in traditional economic formats, optimizing industrial structure upgrading, and continuously expanding the proportion of the tertiary industry. Its development positioning as a cultural and tourism city has continued to expand the infrastructure of informatization digitization. The deep integration of the digital economy with the tertiary industry can once again optimize its industrial structure and promote its sustainable economic development.4　The issues in the development of digital economy in Meishan City4.1　Small scale of new technology infrastructureThe number of 5G base stations is insufficient, and the large-scale deployment cannot meet the development needs. The server shelving rate and utilization rate are low, and there is a significant gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the overall layout of the city's network infrastructure is imbalanced and insufficient. The construction of new technology infrastructure such as the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and blockchain is also relatively slow, leading to a lack of close business connections between enterprises [9]. The main advantages of Meishan City are the manufacturing of basic materials and components, processing and assembly, which are located at the lower end of the value chain and lack terminal products that can lead the market. As a result, the competitiveness of enterprises is weak.In addition, the average grain yield in this city is relatively low, mainly growing some small crops, such as sweet potatoes, rapeseed, rice, peanuts, etc., lacking the support of corresponding new operating tools and digital management technology, unable to improve production efficiency, and difficult to predict market trends. The digital economy has not yet formed an independent and complete industrial cluster, and new technologies have not effectively empowered various industries for digital transformation.4.2　Lack of enthusiasm for industrial digital transformationThere are significant differences in the perception of industry digitization among enterprises, with insufficient enthusiasm for investing in core technologies and service supply [10]. For many small and medium-sized enterprises, they also face multiple problems and pressures. There is no mature model enterprise to lead, with insufficient funds and high trial and error costs. The understanding of industrial internet, big data, and cloud computing needs to be deepened.The arable land resources in Meishan City are becoming increasingly scarce, while traditional grain yields are low and transportation is inconvenient, which has become one of the reasonsYoudan Shuai 54hindering the external sales and processing conversion rate of crops. With the intensification of urbanization, a large number of rural laborers have entered cities, and most of the remaining farmland is cultivated or abandoned by the elderly. Without the introduction of innovative technologies, agriculture cannot have high-quality development and high returns, and farmers' motivation to grow grain is decreasing, hindering the digital transformation of traditional agriculture.4.3　Platform construction lacking innovative resourcesThe proportion of local research and experimental development funding to GDP is 0.76%, which is about one-third of the provincial level. The original public welfare research and development institutions mainly focus on traditional industrial layout, while universities, research institutions, and vocational colleges have less resource allocation in fields such as cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence. The proportion of enterprises establishing technology centers is only about 13%. Without professional research in advantageous fields, it is impossible to lead enterprises and innovative projects, and there is a lack of prediction for future projects with competitive advantages, resulting in a certain degree of information gap. Lack of attractiveness for innovative talents, lack of coordinated and dynamic management of talent resources, and inconsistency between the talent introduced for the industry and the needs of industrial development, hindering the full utilization of talent resources and hindering industrial innovation and development.5　ConclusionIn summary, the infrastructure construction of Meishan City has shown a growing trend, while the digital economy data that determines the degree of penetration is also constantly expanding. However, by comparing the gap between provincial capital cities and excluding market factors, it can be concluded that the current level of digital economy development in Meishan City is still at a relatively low level.References[1] Jinping Xi. "Continuously strengthening, optimizing, and expanding China's digital economy". Qiushi [J]. 2022 (2).[2] Lifeng He. "Continuously strengthening, optimizing, and expanding China's digital economy, accelerating thedevelopment of digital industries, and building a digital China". Macroeconomic management [J]. January 2023 (1).[3] The State Council. "The 14th Five Year Plan for the Development of the Digital Economy" [R]. No. 29. 2021.[4] Sichuan Provincial People's Government. "Evaluation Report on the Comprehensive Development Level of DigitalEconomy in Sichuan Province (2022)" [R]. No. 32. 2022.[5] Liu Chuanming, Yin Xiu, Wang Linshan. "Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of Digital EconomyDevelopment in China" [J]. China Science and Technology Forum, March 2020 (3): 97-109.[6] Dongpo District Economic and Information Technology Bureau, "All Key Industrial Projects under Construction andIndustrial Enterprises above Designated Size in Meishan Will Resume Work and Production" [R]. 2022.[7] Zhong Yexi, Mao Weisheng. "Spatial pattern and influencing factors of digital economy in the Yangtze RiverEconomic Belt" [J] Journal of Chongqing University (Social Sciences Edition), 2020 (05).[8] National Bureau of Statistics. /.[9] Meishan City People's Government, "Meishan City's 14th Five Year Plan for the Construction of New Infrastructure"[R]. 2021.[10] United Nations International Telecommunication Union. "Measuring Digital Development: Facts and Figures in2022" [R], 2022.Development Economics of China2023, VOL. 7, NO. 1, 55-62DOI: 10.47297/wspdecWSP2515-797309.20230701Research on China's Short-term Cross-border Capital Flows under the Impact of US Economic Policy UncertaintyJiaxuan LiSichuan UniversityABSTRACTThe outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, followed by conflicts between Russiaand Ukraine and the escalation of trade conflicts between China and theUnited States, have caused turbulence in the global economic and finan‐cial environment. All countries have introduced macroeconomic policiesto deal with the crisis, and the uncertainty of economic policies has in‐creased, affecting cross-border capital flows. In particular, the impact ofeconomic policy uncertainty in the United States, the world's number onepower and an important relationship partner, on our economy should notbe overlooked. On the basis of existing studies, this paper selects themonthly economic data from January 2015 to December 2022, takes theoutbreak of COVID-19 as the node, and uses VAR model to analyze the im‐pact of US economic policy uncertainty on China's short-term capital flowin two periods before and after the epidemic.KEYWORDSShort-term Cross-border Capital Flow; COVID-19; VAR ModelI　IntroductionIn 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic broke out. The economy, trade, people's life and other aspects of the world is affected a lot. As of now, countries with good epidemic control have gradually resumed international trade, in addition to constantly monitoring large-scale outbreaks of the epidemic.The United States, as the world's most powerful superpower, has a GDP (calculated at exchange rates) that is second to none in the world, with a total GDP of 20 trillion yuan, accounting for approximately 22% of the world's total production, and a per capita GDP of up to 60000 US dollars. In terms of exports, imports, and FDI, it ranks among the top two in the world. And the United States is also the world's largest consumer and importer, therefore, economic and trade relations with other countries are also inevitable. Therefore, changes in the supply and demand relationship in the US market will have a significant impact on consumers and producers around the world. Moreover, the US monetary policy and instability in financial markets will also spread to other countries around the world through US dollar assets. The uncertainty displayed by the United States internationally is increasingly attracting widespread attention internationally, and it will also have a significant impact on China's short-term cross-border capital flows.Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, various international uncertainties have increased. Under such background, there is a dual pressure of slowing down China's economic growth rate. This paper uses the latest statistical data to analyze the impact of the US economic policy uncertainty on short-term cross-border capital flows in China. Exploring its mechanism and effects will provide a more detailed theoretical basis for China's macroeconomic decision-making.。

Personal StatementCouching on the comfortable sofa in the library, I opened the wireless button in my laptop, got quick connection to Wifi, and logged in the website to search for the information I wanted for my due assignments. Yes! This is not a dream scenario, but a reality in my campus life. The wide coverage of wifi network on the Campus of Renmin University of China dawned on me that communication technology has penetrated into every corner of our life, throwing us into the endless stream of information. Besides, the powerful IPV6 network featured by stability and fast speed also made me realize the power and prospect of communication technology, further prompting to delve into this realm.All the way down through my high school and undergraduate years, I have been making abundant preparation for my further study in communication engineering, a branch of electrical engineering. In my high school, I placed great emphasis on laying a foundation in my knowledge reserve in physics and math. Since high school, apart from the coursework learning in basic knowledge on Physics and math, I also tried to keep myself updated with the latest books including Feynman Lectures, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, General Theories of Relativity, and The Biographies of Physicists, all of which gave me a fresh taste of knowledge. Besides, my great achievements in related scientific contests are a good demonstration of my interest and talent in those subjects. I, together with my classmates, scooped the First Prize in Creative Physics Experiments. Besides, we once conducted a research into the Mpemba Effects, which helped us win the second prize in Creative Thesis. The subsequent transformation from an automobile model to water motor vehicle helped me win the second prize in the innovation contest. In addition, I also joined the National Contest for Middle School Students, which helped me to be admitted into one of the top universities of our country, Renmin University of China. While majoring in Physics in Renmin University of China, I never ceased my self-enhancement through participation into various academic research and competitions. One of my greatest achievements is the third prize in the National Mathematical Contest of College Students, National Final, which further nurtured my logical thinking and problem-solving capability by applying knowledge into practice. This competition gave me sheer confidence and consolidated my pursuit in scientific research. To improve my computer programming and network design skills, I secured a place as an assistant school network administrator, during which I received much training by skilled teachers in computer science. Finally, my efforts paid off, as I harvested scholarships in consecutive years and won complimentary words from teachers and classmates.Outside of academia, I was also actively engaged in improving my practicality within industry. Owing to my outstanding academic performances, I secured an internship placement at Hisense Intelligence Institute, a national key laboratory, where I was assigned to join the research and development of machine learningof TV and its interactive functions. During the period of time, I familiarized myself with the fundamental knowledge of programming and simple application of C，C++，and Java languages. To polish my skills in C programming languages, I spent days and nights in researching the book The C Programming Language written by Dennis M. Ritchie, which greatly facilitated my understanding in C programming languages and will help with my future study in your program. The most rewarding and exciting experience in my internship cam in my design of a program which could incorporate all the request of various singers, songs and album information into the database and help TV obtain media information from network and establish written database, a key to providing the service of search and recommendation to users. Later, based on my own experience and speech recognition technology in the institute, I came up with the idea of integrating socializing function into TV. All the problems could be solved with the help of speech recognition technology. Before long, I designed a social network, where everyone could post their comments in real time, which will be shown on TV in the form of captions. The new design would undoubtedly make it more interesting. Although I couldn’t transform the idea into products due to some objective reasons, I have made a conceptual video to exhibit my philosophy. The video has already been uploaded on Youtube. Those qualifications will definitely help me to excel in future research in your esteemed university.Never being a technical geek, I have developed a wide range of hobbies, which I believe will contribute to the vitality of your student community. A versatile person as I am, I have tried my hands at various student clubs and colorized my life through various channels. During one summer holiday, I attended the course, American Literature and History in Films, delivered by Dr. Michael Wutz from America and wrote two papers, Viewing of Land Culture from Gone with the Wind, and Director.Kubrick or : How We Learned to Stop Inhibiting the Human Nature and Emancipate It, the latter of which was rated as publishable by the professor. During undergraduate studies, I served as the administrator of the film section of the ipv6 website, providing students with a vast collection of latest films. Out of enormous interest in sports, I joined the Swimming Association and was selected into the mountaineering team to accept rigorous training. In the summer holiday of 2011, I successfully conquered the Yu Zhu Peak in Qinghai, with an elevation of 6178 meters. Besides, I have already bag-packed to numerous places both at home and abroad with my parents, covering European countries, Australia, Korea and so on, among which the most impressive experience was my 8-month experience in Portsmouth Priory School in England when I was a junior school student. All these experiences shaped me who I am today: an individual armed with outstanding intercultural competence, who is willing to embrace any challenges lying ahead.While I was doing my graduation design on quantum communication, one of the most advanced technologies, which combines both Physics and communicationconcepts, I felt that my knowledge in communication engineering was far from enough, thus my desire to apply for postgraduate program in EE with the concentration in communication engineering. Browsing the information on USC’s official website, I was enchanted by the innovative curriculum your program provides. Your program in EE focuses on the research multimedia creative technology and computer networks, which fall into my intended scope of research interest in data networks and multimedia in your university. With these taken into consideration, I just can not wait to join your program to unveil my potential in communication engineering. Upon graduation from your program, I aspire to conduct further research in my PH.D study. With my efforts, it is my firm belief that I will make innovation and make a difference in the field of communication engineering.。

词类转译I. Noun converting to verbs:1.The shadow cast by an object is long or short according as the sun is high up in the heaven ornear the horizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。

3.High precision implies a high degree of exactness but with no implication as to accuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。

5.They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase.6.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。

7.He is an enemy to reform.8.他反对改革。

9.Difference between the social system of states shall not be an obstacle to their approach andcooperation.10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。

teacher than I.11.. I am afraid I can’t teach you English. I think my daughter is a better12.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。

13.The operation of a computer needs some knowledge of English.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。

结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译A. 具有动态意义的名词（1）“… of …”　1. These depressing pumps ensure contamination-free transfer of abrasive fluids such as acids, dyes and alcohol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2. It has also provided the bases for the traditional methodology of science: objective observation and description of some phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis or hypotheses about the events observed and possible relationships among them, the use of these to predict future events, the verification of the hypotheses and, on this basis, the construction of a theory of some area of natural activity.3. What is needed in the case of noise is a study of large numbers of people living under noisy conditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。

农业灾害研究2019,9（3）；5-6,19田间筛选防治姜瘟病的药剂与方法王永存1王向东1付丽军1,闫红波1高桂芹21.唐山市农业科学研究院，河北唐山063001;2.唐山市气象局，河北唐山063300摘要通过分析姜瘟病发生时间与当时气候因素（温度、降雨量）的相关性，确定姜瘟病防控关键时期。

选取市场上常用于防治姜瘟病的几种药剂进行田间药效试验，以筛选最佳药剂。

经多年的试验示范，筛选出了对姜瘟病具有较好防治效果的药剂——枯草芽抱杆菌、荧光假单胞菌、20%噻菌铜悬浮液、46%氢氧化铜分散剂。

并提炼出一套较完整的姜瘟病综合防治方法，防治效果显著。

关键词筛选;姜瘟病；药剂中图分类号:S436.32文献标识码:A文章编号：2095-3305(2019)03-005-02DOI:10.19383/ki.nyzhyj.0019.03.003生姜是姜科姜属草本植物，在我国有悠久的栽培历史，其栽培面积和总产量居世界首位P。

在我国北方，河北省是生产生姜的大省之一，唐山市种植生姜的面积和产量占河北省生姜总面积和总产量的80%,河北省常年生姜总产量约30万a。

生姜是药食同源植物，其营养价值和经济价值较高,近几年其栽培面积逐年递增。

由于生姜种植技术性相对要求较高，种植区域较为集中，河北省种植生姜的区域主要分布在唐山市丰润和秦皇岛抚宁2个区。

种植区域过于集中，造成了生姜重茬种植严重，姜瘟病发生较为普遍。

姜瘟病属于细菌性病害［。

其病原物为青枯假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas se lanacearum）,通过种姜、肥水、土壤等途径传播侵染植株。

田间一旦发生姜瘟病,病情发展迅速，几乎没有有效的防治方法,减产幅度达20%-80%,且栽培田3~5年不能栽培生姜，造成姜农用地成本增加。

目前,尚没有理想的抗病品种和杀菌药剂，生产上急需一套有效防治姜瘟病的方法。

唐山市农业科学研究院生姜课题组一直致力于生姜高产栽培及病虫害防治技术研究经多年的试验示范，筛选出了对姜瘟病具有较好防治效果的药剂，并提炼出一套较完整的姜瘟病综合防治方法,防治效果显者。

学术诚信英语作文Academic Integrity in English CompositionIn the realm of academia, integrity is the cornerstone upon which the edifice of knowledge is built. It is the ethical code that guides students and scholars in their pursuit of truth and the advancement of intellectual thought. In English composition, academic integrity is not merely an ideal but a necessity, ensuring that the work produced is original, honest, and reflective of the writer's own insights and understanding.The importance of academic integrity in English composition can be discussed under several key aspects:1. Originality: Plagiarism, the act of presenting another's work as one's own, is a cardinal sin in academic writing. It undermines the credibility of the writer and devalues the currency of academic discourse. Students must strive to develop their own voice and ideas, supported by thorough research and proper citation of sources.2. Citation and Referencing: Properly citing sources is a mark of respect for the original authors and a demonstration of the writer's diligence in research. It also provides a roadmap for readers to follow the trail of ideas and engage with the broader scholarly conversation.3. Honesty in Representation: It is crucial to present information accurately, without distorting or manipulating facts to fit a preconceived narrative. This includes being transparent about the limitations of one's research and acknowledging the contributions of others.4. Collaboration and Individual Work: While collaboration can be a valuable part of the learning process, it is essential to distinguish between collaborative efforts and individual work. In the latter, each student must take responsibilityfor their own contributions and ensure that group work is conducted ethically.5. Avoiding Cheating and Fabrication: Cheating, whether it be through the use of unauthorized materials during exams or the fabrication of data, is a direct affront to academic integrity. It not only harms the individual's academic record but also the reputation of the institution.6. The Role of Instructors: Educators play a pivotal role in fostering a culture of academic integrity. They must setclear expectations, provide guidance on ethical writing practices, and enforce policies that discourage dishonest behavior.7. Consequences of Breaching Integrity: Understanding the severe repercussions of academic dishonesty, which can range from failing a course to expulsion, is a strong deterrent. It is important for students to internalize the value ofintegrity beyond the fear of punishment.8. Promoting a Culture of Integrity: Institutions should promote a culture where integrity is valued and expected. This includes providing resources such as writing centers and workshops to help students develop their skills in an ethical framework.In conclusion, academic integrity is the lifeblood of scholarly work in English composition. It requires a commitment to honesty, originality, and respect for the work of others. By upholding these principles, students not only protect their own academic reputation but also contribute to the integrity and advancement of the academic community as a whole.。