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自考“英语（一）”课堂听课笔记第十九章（4）2) His efforts were rewarded by success.（他的努力获得了成功。
）choose后面接不定式，表示”选定，愿意”，如：1）He chose to stay there for another week. （他决意在那儿再住一周。
）2）I chose to say nothing about it.（我决意对那件事闭口不谈。
）在名词threat后面用介词to，表示”对…的威胁”。
如：The clearance of vegetation will be a great threat to the wildlife.（把植被砍伐殆尽对野生动物将是极大的威胁。
）8. And animals are sometimes killed out of a wish to reduce numbers to help the species to survive.out of 在本句中以及前一个几句子中的意思是”出于”，如：1）He was silent out of embarrassment.（他由于窘迫而沉默。
）2）She opened the mail out of curiosity. （她出于好奇打开了邮件。
）句子中前一个动词不定式to reduce number…在句子中作定语，修饰名词wish。
如：1) They failed in their attempt to land on the island.（他们在岛上登陆的企图失败了。
）2) I have no confidence in my ability to fulfil the task.（我对本身完成这项任务的能力没有信心。
）句子中的第二个动词不定式to help the species to survive做目的状语，相当于so as to或in order to help the species…。
Lesson 19 The stuff of dreams 话说梦的本质It is fairly clear 主语that sleeping period must have some function, and 状语because there is so much of it the function would seem to very important. Speculations about its nature have been going on for literally thousands of years, and one odd finding 定语that makes the problem puzzling is that it looks very much 表语as if sleeping is not simply a matter of giving the body a rest. 'Rest', 状语in terms of muscle relaxation and so on, can be achieved by a brief period lying, or even sitting down. The body's tissues are self-repairing and self-restoring to a degree, and function best 状语when （they are）more or less continuously active. In fact a basic amount of movement occurs during sleep 定语which is specifically concerned with preventing muscle inactivity（修饰movement）.If it is not a question of resting the body, then perhaps it is the brain 强调句that needs resting? This might be a plausible hypothesis 虚拟语气were it not for two factors. First the electroencephalograph (which is simply a device for recording the electricalactivity of the brain by attaching electrodes to the scalp) shows that 状语while there is a change in the pattern of activity during sleep, there is no evidence 同位语that the total amount of activity is any less. The second factor is more interesting and more fundamental. Some years ago an American psychiatrist 定语named William Dement published experiments 定语dealing with the recording of eye-movements during sleep. He showed that the average individual's sleep cycle is punctuated with peculiar bursts of eye-movements, 状语some drifting and slow, others jerky and rapid. People 定语woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming. 状语When woken at other times they reported no dreams. 状语If one group of people were disturbed from their eye-movement sleep for several nights on end, and another group were disturbed for an equal period of time but when they were no exhibiting eye-movements, the first group began to show some personality disorders while the others seemed more or less unaffected. The implications of all thiswere that it was 强调句not the disturbance of sleep that mattered, but the disturbance of dreaming.。
初级口语教程Lesson19ALessontoLearn初级口语教程Lesson19 A Lesson to LearnLesson 19 Text A A Lesson to LearnJohn was the only son of a wealthy American businessman. Usually he was taken to school by the chauffeur in his father's beautiful car, before the chauffeur took John's father to his office. One evening his father told him that he had to go to the airport early the next day, so he would need the car at the time that John had to go to school. He said that John's mother, who possessed another car, would still be in bed at the time he had to leave the house .Well , how will I get to school if you need your car and Mummy is still in bed? John asked. His father thought this was a good opportunity to teach him a lesson about how hard life was for the less fortunate people of the world , so he answered , You'll go in the same way as every other child in the world goes-in a taxi.Text B What's Going on Here? PoLIcEMAN： What's going on here?MAN：You mean, what's happening? Well, constable, I'm trying to get out of the windowand Fred here is helping me.PoLIcEMAN：Why are you climbing through the window and not leaving by the front door?MAN： Well , you see I can't find the key and I'm in a hurry. Come on, Fied, We'rewasting time.POLICEMAN：Just a minute you two. I don't think you're telling me the truth. This isn't yourhouse, is it?MAN： No, it's my brother's. I'm staying with him for a while.PoLIcEMAN： Is he at home?MAN： I'm afraid not. He's in jail for house-breaking at the moment.Question on Text B 7. Read the following passage once. Underline the key words while reading and retell the story to your partner. Todd heard all the hammering behind theMarsey's house. He went to see what was going on. Jeff Marsey was making something from long pieces of wood.What is it? T odd asked.A pair of stilts, Jeff said.Todd knew that stilts could make you several feet taller. Jeff was putting blocks of wood on the stilts. These were for his feet to rest on. Once you got used to them, you could walk anywhere on stilts.I'm also making a pair of long pants, Jeff said. They'll come all the way down and cover the stilts. I'll look like a giant.As the summer went on, Todd forgot all about the stilts.One night Todd was watching television. His cousin came running in the front door. He'd never seen her so excited.You'd better call the police , she said.Why? asked Todd.I was walking home, she said. I looked up and saw a -a giant. He was following me. He wore big baggy pants. He was very stiff and straight. Each step was a huge step. I'm going to call the police.Wait, said Todd. It wasn't a giant. You'll be surprised when I tell you who it was!。
11年自考英语（一）课堂笔记（unit19）Text A Animals at Risk：Who Cares？本课主要单词1.Species n.（单复数同形）种，类1）There are more than 250 species of shark in the world.（世界上有250多种鲨鱼。
）2）Darwin wrote “The Origin of Species.” （达尔文写了《物种起源》。
）3）She feels a species of nervousness.（她有一种紧张的感觉。
）2.Extinct adj. dead，wiped out，no longer existing（火熄灭了；消亡了的；灭绝了的）extinction n.1）Please make sure that the fire is extinct before you leave.（在你离开前，请确保炉火已灭。
）2）All hope was extinct.（所有的希望都落空了。
）3）This species will be extinct in a few decades.（几十年后这个物种将会灭绝。
）4）Pandas are in danger of extinction.（大熊猫正面临灭绝的危险。
）5）The sudden extinction of lights in the room frightened the children.（室内灯光突然熄灭把孩子们吓坏了。
）请指出下面句子中的错误：The total extinction of this species is inevitable.句子中的total应去掉，因为extinction已包含“所有”的意思，再用total就多余子。
3.Pace n. 步速；速度；节奏；步v. 踱步；用步量1）The tree is ten paces from the house.（树与房屋相距十步。
新概念英语四册课堂笔记：Lesson 19 EnglishSocial DifferencesLesson 19 English Social Differences 英国社会的差异A gentleman is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. He is allowed to cultivate hobbies, eveneccentricities, but must not practise a vocation. He must know how to ride and shoot and cast a fly. He should have relatives in the army and navy and at least one connection in the diplomatic service. But there are weaknesses in the English gentleman's ability to rule us today. He usually knows nothing of political economy and less about how foreign countries are governed. He does not respect learning and prefers 'sport '.The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English gentleman wants to sell. He attends anadequately to technological development. Disbelieving in the necessity of large-scale production in the modern world, he ispassionately devoted to excessive secrecy, both in finance and method of production. He has an incurable and widespread nepotism in appointment, discounting ability and relying upon a mystic entity called 'character,' which means, in a gentleman's mouth, the qualities he traditionally possesses himself. His lack of imagination and the narrownessof his social loyal ties have ranged against him one of the fundamental estates of the realm. He is incapable of that imaginative realismwhich admits that this is a new world to which he must adjust himself and his institutions, that every privilege he formely took as of right he can now attain only by offering proof that it is directly relevant to social welfare.New words and expressions 生词短语professional n. 职业的hobby n. 业余爱好cast a fly 垂钓govern vt. 治理grave a. 严重的inadequately ad. 不充分地devoted a. 热心的incurable a. 不可救药的discount vt. 看轻entity n. 存有，本质quality n. 品质realm n. 王国privilege n. 特权cultivate vt. 培养eccentricity n. 怪癖diplomatic service 外交部门adequacy n. 适当sufficiently ad. 充分地disbelieve vt. 不相信excessive a. 过度的neotism n. 裙带关系mystic a. 神秘的narrowness n. 狭隘estate n. 社会阶层realism n. 现实主义adjust vt. 使适合relevant a. 相关的difference n. 差异1.professional n. 职业的通常略写为 prof [反]amateur[辨异]profession, occupation, jobprofession “专业”，强调 highly skilled/highly educated, such as lawyer, doctor, IT engineer,architectoccupation： normal and general, everybody can have an occupation.job 不但指工作，还能够表示干活，例如家务活。
自考公共英语（一）课文翻译（unit19）Unit 19Text A动物处境危险：谁来关心一种动物，如果不能在每一代都生育出足够的后代以便与死亡率保持同步，它就开始灭绝。
按照岩石中找到的化石证据，我们可以说，自有生命以来的千百万年中，许多物种已经灭绝。
这是一个自然的过程，一种动物如果过分特化，不能随环境的变化而改变，或者不得不与比它更有适应性，更强大的动物进行竞争，那么这种动物注定要灭绝。
由于近几个世纪以来技术的巨大发展，人类大量捕杀动物，使它们无法繁殖足够的后代，或者以惊人的速度彻底改变更物保存的自然环境，从而毁灭了或几乎毁灭了一些物种。
我们可以举出许多自然环境正在迅速改变的例子，亚马逊尼亚国家公园就是一个例子。
由于自然植物在这些或类似的地方被破伐殆尽，许多动物物种完全有可能灭绝。
大量动物被猎杀作为肉食。
北美洲水牛便是因捕猎而濒临灭绝物种的一个例子。
动物数量常常如此之大，以致捕猎者可能意识不到它们存在灭绝的危险，但即使人们广泛宣传这种危险，捕猎者也会因经济利益如此巨大，无视物种灭绝的危险。
这种态度已使捕猎者为了取得毛皮，象牙或仅仅为了取得一些装饰品而捕猎动物。
与此略有不同的是，旅游者们猎杀动物是为了获取纪念品。
有些大型动物，例如狮子和老虎，在世界一些地方已被杀尽。
但还需要了解的是，人们有时出于害怕而猎杀某些动物。
许多大型猫科动物因此被杀害的。
有时人们捕杀动物是想减少它们的数量，使该物种得以保存。
捕杀加拿大海豹据称就是出自这一目的，而利用其毛皮做服装只是副产品。
许多人十分关心动物和野生生物的庇护。
庇护濒临灭绝的物种，不论其原因是什么，办法之一是将这些物种迁移到动物园和公园，并在那里饲养。
以后如果动物保存的环境还存在，并且人类不再捕杀它们，我们总有可能把它们的后代繁殖到足够数量以便有朝一日把它们放归自然！另一种办法是建立野生动物禁猎区和野生动物园并且雇用人员照看它们，以此庇护动物在自然环境里生活。
