Australian hollow section_standard

CLASS 1Restricted Access VehiclesOversizePeriod Permit Operating ConditionsVersion 03.3C O N T E N T SDefinitions 1 Introduction 4 One 5 Section1. Access Approval (5)1.1 RAVS to which these Operating Conditions Apply (5)1.2 Permitted Roads (5)1.3 Travel Speed (5)1.4 Local Government Roads (6)1.5 Other agency approvals (6)1.6 Western Australian Heavy Vehicle Accreditation (6)1.7 Permit Revocation (6)1.8 Permit Amendments (6)1.9 Permit to be Carried in the Vehicle and Produced on Request (6)2. Route Suitability (7)2.1 Damage (7)2.2 Route Assessment (7)2.3 Height Restrictions (7)2.4 Other Travel Restrictions (8)2.5 Narrow Bridges (8)2.6 Rail Crossings (8)3. Warning Devices (8)3.1 Warning Lights (8)3.2 Warning Signs and Flags (9)3.3 Delineators (9)3.4 Headlights (9)3.5 Additional Warning Devices at Night-time (9)4. Pilot Vehicle Requirements (9)4.1 Requirements for a Pilot Vehicle (9)4.2 Headlights on a Pilot Vehicle (10)4.3 What a Pilot Vehicle may Carry (10)4.4 Where a Pilot Vehicle must be Driven (10)4.5 Communication between Drivers (10)4.6 Standard Pilot Requirements (11)4.7 Central Zone Pilot Requirements (11)4.8 Transportable Buildings (11)4.9 Swimming Pools (12)5. Loading (12)5.1 Carrying of Other Goods (12)5.2 Carrying of Multiple Large Indivisible Items (12)5.3 Loading of a Rigid Vehicle and Pig Trailer (13)5.4 Carrying of Large Indivisible Items in Multi-Modal Containers (13)5.5 Minimising Dimensions (13)5.6 Empty Travel to and from (13)5.7 Overhang and Projection (14)6. Curfews (14)6.1 Times of Travel (14)6.2 Night Time Travel (14)6.3 Metropolitan Curfew Area (15)6.4 Public Holiday Curfews (16)7. Safe Travel (16)7.1 Delays (16)7.2 Poor Visibility (17)7.3 Minimum Following Distance (17)7.4 Convoy Travel (17)7.5 Operational Control (17)7.6 Parking (stopping on a carriageway - heavy and long vehicles) (17)7.7 Road Train Assembly Area Safety (17)Section Two 18 Division 6 Warning Lights (18)Division 7 Warning Signs (18)Appendix 1 Structures not Suitable for 5.5 m Loaded Height (21)Appendix 2 Overhead Telecommunication and Electrical Transmission Cable Controllers (23)Appendix 3 Narrow Bridges on Highways and Main Roads (24)Appendix 4 Minimum Pilot Requirements (25)Appendix 5 Minimum Pilot Requirements for Travel within the Perth or Fremantle Central Zones (26)Appendix 6 Perth Central Zone Map (27)Appendix 7 Fremantle Central Zone Map (28)Appendix 8 Size and Projection of Loads on Vehicles (29)Appendix 9 Size and Projection of Loads on Vehicles (32)Appendix 10 Mandurah Curfew Map (33)D E F I N I T I O N SThe following are definitions for terms used in these Operating Conditions. Refer to the definitions in the Road Traffic Act 1974 and any subsidiary legislation to this Act for the meanings of any terms not defined in this section. If a definition in the Road Traffic Act 1974 or the subsidiary legislation conflicts with a definition in this section, the definition in this section prevails for the purpose of these Operating Conditions.Agricultural Vehicle: means an agricultural implement or agricultural machine.Authorised Person: means a person authorised by the Commissioner of Police under Regulation 271 of the Road Traffic Code 2000.Table of Permitted Roads for Network 2: means the Table of Permitted Roads for RAV Permit Network 2, published electronically on Main Roads website .au/heavy vehicles or available on CD-ROM from Main Roads Heavy Vehicle Operations.Table of Permitted Roads for RAV Network 5: means the Table of Permitted Roads for RAV Permit Network 5, published electronically on Main Roads website .au/heavy vehicles or available on CD-ROM from Main Roads Heavy Vehicle Operations.Table of Permitted Roads for RAV Network 9: means the Table of Permitted Roads for RAV Permit Network 9, published electronically on Main Roads website .au/heavy vehicles or available on CD-ROM from Main Roads Heavy Vehicle Operations.Combination: means a group of vehicles consisting of a motor vehicle connected to one or more vehicles.Curfew: means a period when the movement of an oversize vehicle is not permitted.Daytime: means the period between sunrise and sunset as determined by the Perth Observatory, taking into account the particular location and date.Director General: means the Director General of the Department for Planning and Infrastructure.Dog Trailer: means a trailer (including a trailer consisting of a semi-trailer and dolly converter) with:(a) one axle group or single axle at the front that is steered by connection to the towingvehicle by a drawbar; and(b) one axle group or single axle at the rear.Electronic device: means a device that facilitates continuous two-way radio communication.Front Projection: means the distance from the headlights (measured from the front of the lens) to the front of the vehicle or load.Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM): means the maximum loaded mass of a vehicle:(a) as specified by the manufacturer; or(b) as specified by the relevant authority if;(i) the manufacturer has not specified a maximum loaded mass;(ii) the manufacturer cannot be identified; or(iii) the vehicle has been modified to the extent that the manufacturer’s specification is no longer appropriate.Large Indivisible Item: means an item that;(a) cannot be divided without extreme effort, expense or risk of damage to it; and(b) cannot be carried on any vehicle without exceeding a mass or dimension limit in the RoadTraffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002 or the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards)Rules 2002.Low Loader: means a gooseneck semi trailer with a loading deck no more than approximately 1 m above the ground.Low Loader Dolly: means a mass distributing device that;(a) is usually coupled between a prime mover and a low loader;(b) consists of a gooseneck rigid frame(c) does not carry any direct load itself; and(d) is equipped with one or more axles, a king pin and a fifth wheel coupling.Main Roads WA (or Main Roads): means Main Roads Western Australia.Metropolitan Region: means that area that comprises the following Local Governments:∙ Armadale ∙ Bassendean ∙ Bayswater ∙ Belmont∙ Cambridge ∙ Canning ∙ Claremont ∙ Cockburn∙ Cottesloe ∙ East Fremantle ∙ Fremantle ∙ Gosnells∙ Joondalup ∙ Kalamunda ∙ Kwinana ∙ Melville∙ Mosman Park ∙ Mundaring ∙ Nedlands ∙ Peppermint Grove∙ Perth ∙ Rockingham ∙ Serpentine Jarrahdale ∙ South Perth∙ Stirling ∙ Subiaco ∙ Swan ∙ Victoria Park∙ Vincent ∙ WannerooNight time: means the period between sunset and sunrise as determined by the Perth Observatory, taking into account the particular location and date.Oversize : in relation to a vehicle, means having a dimension that, incuding the dimension of any load, exceeds a relevant dimension limit in Part 3 or the Vehicle Standards (whether or not the vehicle is also overmass)Permit: means a Permit issued under Regulation 25 of the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002, inclusive of its supporting documentation.Pig Trailer: means a trailer having one axle group or single axle near the middle of its load-carrying surface, and connected to the towing vehicle by a drawbar.Platform Trailer: means a single trailer, or a trailer made up of one or more separate but similar trailer sections connected to each other, that functions as a vehicle platform designed to carry a large indivisible item, and has steerable axles.Prime Mover: means a motor vehicle built to tow a semi trailer.RAV: for the purpose of these permit conditions means a vehicle to which these condition apply.Rear Overhang: means the distance between the rear overhang line and the rearmost part of the vehicle or load.Rear Overhang Line: means the centreline of the rear axle (in the case of a single axle) or rear axle group of the vehicle.Rear Projection: means the distance from the rear of the vehicle to the rearmost part of the load, in the case of a rear-projecting load.Restricted Access Vehicle (RAV): means a vehicle that alone, or together with any load, exceeds oneor more of the following limits:(a) a mass limit prescribed in Part 3 of the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002;or(b) one of the following dimension limits:(i) a width of 2.5 m;(ii) a height of 4.3 m;(iii) a length of 12.5 m in the case of a motor vehicle that is not part of a combination or19 m in the case of a combination; or(iv) any other dimension limit specified in the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards)Regulations 2002 or the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Rules 2002.Rigid Vehicle: means any motor vehicle that has the capacity to carry a large indivisible item.‘S’ dimension: means the distance, on a semi-trailer or dog trailer, between the point of articulation atthe front of the trailer and the rear overhang line.Semi Trailer: means a trailer (including a pole type trailer) that has:(a) one axle group or single axle to the rear; and(b) a means of attachment to the prime mover that results in some of the load being imposedon the prime mover.Special Purpose Vehicle: means a motor vehicle, other than a tow truck or an agricultural vehicle, built for a purpose other than carrying a load, except for water in the case of concrete pumps and fire trucks. Vehicle: means a motor vehicle, trailer or combination, including:(a) the equipment fitted to, or forming part of, the vehicle; and(b) in Part 3 of the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002, any substances thatthe vehicle is carrying that are essential for its operation.Vehicle Standards: means the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Rules 2002.Vehicle Standards Regulations (VSRs): means the Road Traffic (Vehicle Standards) Regulations 2002.INTRODUCTIONA C l a s s1O v e r s i z e P e r m i t i s o n l y f o rt h e t r a n s p o r t o f l a r g e i n d i v i s i b l e i t e m s.A large indivisible item is an item that cannot be divided without extreme effort, expense or risk of damage to it and cannot be carried on any vehicle without exceeding a Mass or Dimension Limit in the Vehicle Standards.For the purpose of these Operating Conditions, indivisible items include, but are not limited to:(a) a bulldozer (blade off but carried);(b) an excavator with spare attachments;(c) large earthmover tyres; and(d) swimming pools packaged and consigned for export (maximum loaded height must notexceed 5.3 m).For the purpose of these Operating Conditions, loads that are not regarded as large indivisible items include, but are not limited to:(a) car carrying vehicles;(b) inter modal containers (except in specific cases); and(c) livestock carrying vehicles.In these Operating Conditions, a RAV means a Class 1 vehicle that exceeds one or more of the following dimension limits and is designed to carry or is carrying a large indivisible item:(a) 2.5 m wide;(b) 4.3 m high; and(c) 19 m combination length.These Operating Conditions also apply to a vehicle that has been built to exceed a dimension limit for the purpose of conducting driver training, including Accredited Pilot training.NOTE: For the purposes of these Operating Conditions, a RAV is also known as an “Oversize Vehicle”.SECTION ONE 1. ACCESSAPPROVAL1.1 RAVS to which these Operating Conditions ApplyType MaximumLength(m)MaximumWidth(m)MaximumHeight(m)Rigid Vehicle 12.5 5.5 5.5Rigid Vehicle plus Pig Trailer * 22.01 5.5 5.5 Rigid Vehicle plus Dog Trailer - Category A *(Overall unladen combination length does not exceed 19 m)19.0 5.5 5.5Rigid Vehicle plus Dog Trailer - Category B *(Overall unladen combination length exceeds 19 m)25.0 3.5 4.6Articulated Vehicle (Prime Mover & Single Semi Trailer) * 30.0 5.5 5.5Low Loader Combination (with or without dolly) * 30.0 5.5 5.5 * The trailer in these combinations must not be a “platform trailer”.1.2 PermittedRoads1.2.1 A RAV described at clause 1.1, except for a rigid vehicle towing a trailer that is over 20 m long incombination, may be driven on any public road within the State of Western Australia, except aroad as specified below:(a) KwinanaFreeway;(b) Mitchell Freeway; and(c) Graham Farmer Freeway.1.2.2 A RAV that is a rigid vehicle towing a trailer that is over 20 m long in combination may only bedriven on any public road within the State of Western Australia specified in the Class 2 & 3 RAVPeriod Permit, Table of Permitted Roads for Network 2, except a road as specified below:(a) KwinanaFreeway;(b) Mitchell Freeway; and(c) Graham Farmer Freeway.1.2.3 Despite sub-clause 1.2.2, a RAV that is a rigid vehicle towing a trailer that is over 20 m long incombination may leave a road specified in the Class 2 & 3 RAV Period Permit, Table of PermittedRoads for Network 2, to gain access to any road to facilitate pick-up or delivery, by the mostpractical and direct route to and from a road specified in the Class 2 & 3 RAV Period Permit,Table of Permitted Roads for Network 2.1.2.4 Notwithstanding the access outlined at sub-clause 1.2.3, the freeway restriction outlined at sub-clause 1.2.2 applies.1.3 TravelSpeedMaximum speed for oversize vehicle/combination:Width Speed (km/h)Up to and including 3.5 m wide 100Over 3.5 m wide 80or the posted legal speed limit, whichever is the lower.1 Overall length of vehicle and load may be up to 22.0 m long. Overall length of vehicle when unladen must not exceed 20.0 m. Refer clause 5.3.1.4 Local Government Roads1.4.1 Where the RAV exceeds 4.5 m in width or 25 m in overall length and is travelling outside theMetropolitan Region, or in the following outer Metropolitan Local Governments of Armadale,Kalamunda, Joondalup, Mundaring, Rockingham, Serpentine - Jarrahdale, Swan or Wanneroo, the operator or driver of the RAV must have obtained Local Government approval to travel on the roads that are controlled by the relevant Local Government.1.4.2 Any conditions imposed on such travel by the relevant Local Government shall becomeconditions of Permit and must be complied with.1.4.3 Where any condition imposed by a Local Government contradicts a permit condition, thecondition that imposes additional restrictions applies.1.5 Other agency approvals1.5.1 The driver of a RAV must carry in the driving compartment a copy of all other agency approvalsobtained under sub-clauses 1.4.1, 2.3.3 and 2.6.1, where these have been issued in writtenformat.1.5.2 The driver of a RAV must produce a copy of all other agency approvals required under sub-clauses 1.4.1, 2.3.3 and 2.6.1 for inspection at the request of a Police Officer, Police TrafficEscort Warden, authorised Main Roads Personnel or Accredited Pilot.1.6 Western Australian Heavy Vehicle AccreditationA Class 1 RAV Permit is issued subject to the condition that the owner or operator of the vehicle to which the permit applies:(a) holds a valid Accreditation certificate issued under Regulation 23(2) of the VSRs; or(b) is otherwise exempted from the requirements of Accreditation by Main Roads WA.Revocation1.7 PermitA Class 1 RAV Permit is subject to temporary revocation when road and/or traffic conditions are considered to be unsuitable. Verbal notification by Main Roads WA personnel, Police Officers or Police Traffic Escort Wardens will be considered as sufficient for immediate temporary revocation.Amendments1.8 PermitA Class 1 RAV Permit is subject to any amendments and/or revocations contained in relevant “Heavy Vehicle Updates” issued by Main Roads as published in the press or displayed on the Main Roads website (.au), or in the Government Gazette.1.9 Permit to be Carried in the Vehicle and Produced on Request1.9.1 The driver of a RAV must carry in the driving compartment a copy of the Permit and the Class 1Oversize Operating Conditions, which form part of the permit, under which the vehicle is beingdriven.1.9.2 The driver of a RAV must carry clearly legible up to date copies of the Class 2 & 3 RAV PeriodPermit Table of Permitted Roads in the vehicle driving compartment, with respect to roads thatthe RAV is travelling on under the provisions of sub-clauses:(a) 1.2.2 or 1.2.3;(b) 4.6.2;or(c) 6.2.1;(d) 6.3.4.In this clause “up to date” means the Class 2 & 3 RAV Period Permit Table of Permitted Roads amended by the Commissioner of Main Roads and includes any Road Table Addendum andapplicable HVO Update that may be published on Main Roads website (.au).1.9.3 The person driving the RAV to which a RAV permit applies must produce the Period Permit,Class 1 Oversize Operating Conditions, and any Class 2 & 3 RAV Period Permit Table ofPermitted Roads applicable under sub-clause 1.9.2, for inspection at the request of a PoliceOfficer, Police Traffic Escort Warden, authorised Main Roads Personnel or Accredited Pilot. The Operating Conditions and applicable Road Tables may be in hard copy (printed) or electronic(computer) form. In the case of electronic form, the driver must be able to produce them in areadable format upon request.SUITABILITY2. ROUTE2.1 Damage2.1.1 A RAV must not be driven along a route if to do so would be likely to cause:(a) disruption to telecommunication, electricity, rail, gas, water or sewage services; or(b) damage to a road (including a bridge), structure, rail crossing or tree.2.1.2 The driver of the RAV must report any damage to a road, structure, rail crossing or serviceinfrastructure to the relevant property owner or service provider as soon as possible.Assessment2.2 Route2.2.1 Prior to departure the driver/operator of the RAV must investigate the route of travel to ensurethat it is suitable for use and that it can be driven along without contravening clauses 2.1, 2.3, 2.5 and 2.6.2.2.2 The driver of the RAV must ensure compliance with the permitted dimension limits, relevantconditions and subsequent route restrictions by measuring the RAV with a suitable measuringdevice prior to departure.2.2.3 The driver/operator of a RAV must give thorough consideration as to route suitability where theRAV will travel over rail crossings, particularly where:(a) the RAV will be turning from or into a side road next to a rail crossing; and(b) ground clearance may be a concern, such as when the RAV is a low-loader.Restrictions2.3 Height2.3.1 There are a number of overhead structures that restrict the allowable transport height on theState’s Road Network. In the tables shown at Appendix 1 is a list of these structures with avertical clearance of less than 5.5 m.The RAV must not travel under these structures if the overall height exceeds the height specified for the relevant structure in Appendix 1.NOTE: Main Roads WA may provide relevant information on its website relating to changes in the listed structures with height restrictions.Highway,Kununurra: RAVs exceeding 4.5 m in height must not travel on Victoria2.3.2 VictoriaHighway without Water Corporation approval. RAV drivers must initially contact the WaterCorporation Dams Controller 24 hours prior to crossing the Ord River Diversion Dam, ontelephone 0417 189 612 (or 08 9168 0777 asking to be put through to the Dams Controller) fortravel under the Gantry Crane Structure on Victoria Highway over Ord River Diversion Dam.Maximum clearance is 4.5 m with the crane cab under its gantry, and the maximum clearance is6 m when the crane cab is moved clear of the road. The Pilot must stop all oncoming traffic if theload width is in excess of 3.5 m. Seasonal width restrictions apply from April to December, when one lane may be closed between 6:30 am to 4:30 pm Monday to Friday.2.3.3 Overhead Cables: In addition to the overhead structures there are also telecommunication andelectricity transmission cables that are owned by a number of different groups.A RAV that exceeds 4.3 m in height must not be driven on a road without the operator or driverof the RAV having obtained current, written approvals from all the relevant Cable Operatorsshown in Appendix 2.2.4 Other Travel Restrictions2.4.1 (a) RAVs travelling southbound over the Mandurah Estuary Bridge must keep to the lefthand lane.travellingnorthbound over the Mandurah Estuary Bridge:(b) RAVs(i) must use two accredited pilots to cross the bridge when in excess of 3.0 m inwidth; and(ii) must not commence travel across the bridge unless the lead pilot has stopped all southbound traffic at a point north of the bridge when in excess of 3.5 m in width.The RAV must use the truck parking bay at the southern end of the bridge, andthe rear pilot must stop all northbound traffic at a point south of the bridge, whilewaiting for the lead pilot to stop southbound traffic.2.4.2 Despite sub-clause 2.4.1, where a RAV is travelling over the Mandurah Estuary Bridge under anadditional Permit that specifies other conditions controlling the movement of the vehicle withrespect to its travel path relative to the bridge lanes and required actions of pilots, then thoseother conditions shall take precedence over the requirements set out above.2.4.3 (a) RAVs travelling through Southern Cross from the west requiring access to locations tothe north of Southern Cross must use Three Boys Rd (between Great Eastern Hwy andSouthern Cross Bullfinch Rd).(b) RAVs travelling through Southern Cross from the east requiring access to locations to thenorth of Southern Cross must use Polaris St, Koolyanobbing Rd and Cameron Rd(between Great Eastern Hwy and Southern Cross Bullfinch Rd).Bridges2.5 Narrow2.5.1 There are a number of single lane (narrow) bridges on the State’s highways and main roads.Listed in Appendix 3 are the narrow bridges on the State’s highways and main roads. If the load on a RAV exceeds the “width between kerbs” (WBK) shown for the relevant bridge, then the RAV must be loaded to ensure that it has a minimum 1.2 m ground clearance. This will allow the load to clear the bridge handrails.2.5.2 There are also a large number of narrow bridges on Local Government and CALM roads. Therequirements at clauses 2.1 and 2.2 must be complied with to ensure that the journey isundertaken safely.2.6 RailCrossings2.6.1 The prior written approval of the relevant rail access provider shown in Appendix 2 must beobtained where a RAV will take over 10 seconds to travel over and fully clear any rail crossing. 2.6.2 Approval must be sought from the relevant rail access provider at least four hours prior to theRAV crossing such a rail crossing.2.6.3 Any conditions imposed on such travel by a rail access provider shall become conditions ofPermit and must be complied with.3. WARNINGDEVICESLights3.1 Warning3.1.1 A RAV must display a warning light if it is wider than 3 m or longer than 25 m.3.1.2 Warning lights required on a RAV must comply with the requirements of SECTION TWO of theseconditions, clauses 39 to 41.3.1.3 Despite sub-clause 3.1.2, a RAV must not have a warning light switched on when travelling atnight time.3.2 Warning Signs and Flags3.2.1 A RAV, that is wider than 2.5 m, or longer than 25 m, must have:(a) one warning sign at its front;(b) one warning sign at its rear or, if it is carrying a rear-projecting load, at the rear of the load;and(c) four brightly coloured red, yellow, or red and yellow flags, each at least 450 mm long and450 mm wide. One flag must be positioned at each side of both the front and rear of thevehicle or if there is any projecting load, at each side of both the front and rear of theprojecting load.3.2.2 A RAV that is not wider than 2.5 m, and whose length is more than 22 m but not more than 25 m,must have one warning sign at its rear or, if it is carrying a rear-projecting load, at the rear of the load.sub-clause 3.2.1, a RAV must not have a warning sign at its front when travelling at3.2.3 Despitenight time.3.2.4 Warning signs required on a RAV must comply with the requirements of SECTION TWO of theseconditions, clauses 42 to 49.3.3 Delineators3.3.1 If a load projects more than 150 mm beyond one side of a RAV, and the projection is less than500 mm thick from top to bottom, there must be:(a) a warning light attached to the vehicle; and(b) at least two yellow, rigid pieces of material (known as “delineators”), one attached to thefront and the other attached to the rear of the projection.3.3.2 If the load projects more than 150 mm beyond both sides of the vehicle, there must be fourdelineators – one attached at each side at the front of the projection and one attached at eachside at the rear of the projection.3.3.3 A delineator must:(a) be at least 300 mm long and at least 300 mm wide;(b) comply with Class 1 or 2 of Australian Standard AS 1906-1990 Retro-reflective Materialsand Devices for Road Traffic Control Purposes as amended and in force at thecommencement of these regulations;(c) if at the front of the projection, be attached so that its reflective surface is facing forwardof the vehicle; and(d) if at the rear of the projection, be attached so that its reflective surface is facing rearwardfrom the vehicle.3.4 HeadlightsA RAV must have its low-beam headlights on while travelling in the daytime.3.5 Additional Warning Devices at Night-timeSubject to Clause 6.2, a RAV travelling at night time must display:a) Lights showing yellow to the front and red to the rear (known as “side markers”) no more than 2metres apart along both sides of the vehicle; andb) For low loaders having 8 tyres per axle and which are unable to be minimised below 2.7 metresin width, yellow or white lights (known as “front clearance lights”) on the front of the trailer deck, one on each side of the trailer, as near as is practical to the front outer edge and clearly visible to oncoming traffic.4. PILOT VEHICLE REQUIREMENTS4.1 Requirements for a Pilot Vehicle4.1.1 A pilot vehicle must have four or more wheels and a GVM of:(a) 6.5 t or less in the case of a rear pilot vehicle if two pilot vehicles are required; or(b) 4.5 t or less in any other case; and(c) The driver of a pilot vehicle that is accompanying a RAV must be an Accredited Pilot whois an Authorised Person, unless otherwise exempted in writing by Main Roads WA.4.1.2 Despite paragraph 4.1.1 (c), a person who is not an Accredited Pilot and an Authorised Person,may drive a pilot vehicle if:(a) The person is participating in a training exercise to become an Accredited Pilot and thetraining exercise is being conducted by a training provider who is registered by theTraining Accreditation Council; and(b) The RAV being escorted is not transporting a load for profit or reward; and(c) There is an Accredited Pilot who is an Authorised Person in the pilot vehicle.4.1.3 A pilot vehicle must have a warning sign on its roof.4.1.4 Warning signs required on a pilot vehicle must comply with the requirements of SECTION TWOof these conditions, clauses 42 to 46 and clauses 50 to 52.4.1.5 A pilot vehicle must have one or two warning lights. A pilot vehicle must only have a warning lightattached:(a) above or below the sign; or(b) at each side of the sign.4.1.6 Warning lights required on a pilot vehicle must comply with the requirements of SECTION TWOof these conditions, clauses 39 to 41.4.2 Headlights on a Pilot Vehicle4.2.1 The low-beam headlights on a pilot vehicle must be switched on when it is accompanying a RAV.4.2.2 When accompanying a RAV that is in excess of 4.5 m wide, front pilot vehicles must also have twoadditional “alternating flashing white lights” known as Wig Wag lights on the front of the pilotvehicle no less than 500 mm above ground level and no more than 1000 mm above ground level.4.2.3 Wig Wag lights must have a maximum power of 55 watts output and be either:Round Minimum 150 mm diameterMaximum 180 mm diameterRectangular Minimum 100 mm x 50 mmMaximum 180 mm x 100 mm4.3 What a Pilot Vehicle may CarryA pilot vehicle must not tow a trailer or carry a load, but it may carry tools, equipment or substances for use in connection with the RAV that it is accompanying or for restraining the load on that vehicle.4.4 Where a Pilot Vehicle must be Driven4.4.1 When one pilot vehicle accompanies a RAV, the pilot vehicle must travel:(a) behind the RAV if they are on a divided road; or(b) in front of the RAV if they are on a road that is not divided.4.4.2 When two pilot vehicles accompany a RAV, one pilot vehicle must travel in front of the RAV andthe other behind it.4.4.3 A pilot vehicle must travel at a suitable distance from the RAV it is accompanying to giveadequate warning to other road users of the presence of the RAV, taking into account trafficspeed, weather, visibility, road geometry and other driving conditions. This distance is to becontrolled by the pilot.4.4.4 When RAVs are travelling in a convoy, pilot vehicles must travel in positions relative to the RAVsas if they are one single RAV.4.5 Communication between DriversA RAV and any accompanying pilot or escort vehicles must have an electronic device that allows the drivers to communicate continuously and effectively with each other.。

常用高尔夫球场中英文单词1.Access: 通道、道路2.Acceptance check: 验收3.Acceptance of concealed work: 隐蔽工程验收4.Acid soil: 酸性土5.Acre: 英亩6.Aeration: 打孔7.Air compressor: 鼓风机8.Airport: 飞机场9.Air valve: 排气阀10.Algae: 青苔11.Alkali soil: 碱性土12.Annual plant: 单年生植物13.Ant: 蚂蚁14.Approach: 果岭前缘区域15.Apron (collar): 果岭环16.Area: 面积17.As-built drawing: 竣工图纸18.Assistant: 助理19.Australia: 澳大利亚20.Axe: 斧头21.Backfill: 回填22.Backhoe: 两头忙23.Back-up: 备用24.Ball, golf: 高尔夫球25.Bamboo: 竹子26.Bearing: 轴承27.Bedknife: 底刀（剪草机）28.Bentgrass: 本特草29.Bermuda grass: 百慕大草30.Bid: 招、投标31.Bitumen: 沥青32.Bird: 鸟33.Blend: 混合（草种）34.Bluegrass: 草地早熟禾35.Boaster pump: 加压泵36.Boot: 高邦鞋37.Boss: 老板38.Boulder: 大石头39.Brass: 铜40.Brick: 砖41.Brick laying：砌砖42.Bridge: 桥梁43.Britain, UK: 英国44.Bucket：斗、桶45.Bulldozer: 推土机46.Budget sheet: 预算表47.Bunker: 沙坑48.Bunker rake: 扒沙机49.Burning: 焚烧50.Bushes: 草丛51.Cable, wire: 电线52.Caddie: 球童53.Calculator: 计算器54.Camera: 相机55.Cap, hat: 帽子56.Carpenter: 木工57.Cart path: 球车道58.Casing pipe: 套管59.Cast-in-situ: 现场浇注60.Cast iron: 铸铁61.Catch basin: 集水井62.Catchment area: 汇水面积63.Cement: 水泥64.Centimeter: 公分、厘米65.Charger: 充电器66.Chart: 表格67.China: 中国68.Chicken manure: 鸡粪肥69.Civil engineer: 土建工程师70.Clay: 黏土71.Clearing: 清场72.Climate: 气候73.Clubhouse: 会所74.Clippings: 草屑75.Coarse sand: 粗砂76.Coffee tree: 咖啡树pactor: 压路机paction: 压实、夯实puter: 电脑80.Cool-season grass: 冷季型草81.Coordinate: 坐标、协调82.Concealed work: 隐蔽工程83.Concrete: 混凝土84.Concrete mixer: 搅拌机85.Contract：合同86.Contractor: 施工队87.Construction: 建造88.Contour: 等高线89.Cost: 费用、造价90.Crane: 起重机91.Crane, bird: 鹤鸟92.Cultivar: 品种（植物）93.Culvert, pipe: 水泥管94.Curbing, cart path: 路牙（球车道）95.Curing, concrete: 硬化、养护（水泥）96.Cut: 挖97.Cut & fill：挖、填98.Data: 数据99.Deep: 深100.Density: 密实度101.Design: 设计102.Designer: 设计师103.Diameter：直径104.Diesel: 柴油105.Direction: 方向106.Disease: 疾病107.Distance: 距离108.Divot: 球疤109.Dogleg hole: 狗腿洞110.Drain: 明沟111.Drainage, storm water: 排水112.Drainage plan: 排水图113.Driver: 司机114.Driving range: 练习场115.Dry season: 旱季116.Dumpy level: 水准仪117.Eagle: 老鹰118.Earthwork: 土方工程119.Earthworm: 蚯蚓120.Elasticity: 弹性121.Electric: 电力122.Elevation: 高程123.E-mail: 电子邮件124.English: 英文、英国人125.Engineer: 工程师126.Entrance: 主入口127.Environment: 环境128.Equipment: 设备129.Erosion: 沙土流失130.Excavator: 挖掘机131.Expansion joint: 伸缩缝132.Fairway: 球道133.Fax: 传真134.Fertilizer: 肥料135.Fertilizer spreader: 施肥斗136.Fescue grass: 高羊茅137.Ficus tree: 榕树138.File, filing: 文件夹、归档139.Fill: 填方140.Fine sand: 细沙141.Finishing work: 细修142.Flag: 旗子143.Flange：法兰144.Flow: 流动（水）145.Flowers: 花146.Footbridge: 步行桥147.Fountain: 喷泉148.Fumigation: 熏蒸149.Fungi: 真菌150.Fungicide: 杀菌剂151.Generator: 发动机152.Germination: 发芽153.Glue: 胶水154.Golf cart: 球车155.Golf club: 球会，球杆156.Golf course: 高尔夫球场ernment: 政府158.Granite: 花岗岩159.Grass: 草160.Grassy hollow: 草坑161.Grassy mound: 草包162.Gravel: 石头163.Gravity: 地心引力164.Green: 果岭165.Grid: 网格166.Ground cover: 地被167.Grow-in: 成长期168.Grubbing: 清场、清表169.Grub: 蛴螬（虫）170.Halfway house: 中途休息亭171.Hammer: 锤子172.Handphone: 手机173.Hand rake: 耙子174.Hand tamper: 手夯锤175.Hanoi: 河内176.Hazard: 障碍177.Highland: 高原178.Hectar: 公顷179.Helmet: 安全帽180.Herbicide: 除草剂181.Heron, bird: 鹭鸟182.Herringbone drainage: 鱼骨排水183.Hoe: 锄头184.Hole: 洞185.Hose: 水喉186.Hotel: 酒店187.Humidity: 湿度188.Hybrid: 杂交品种189.Hydraulic: 液压190.Hydroseeding: 喷播191.I beam: 工字钢192.Insect: 昆虫193.Insecticide: 杀虫剂194.Inspection: 检查195.Installation: 安装196.Internet: 互联网197.Iron：铁198.Irrigation: 喷灌199.Irrigation, manual: 喷灌，手动200.Irrigation, automatic: 喷灌，自动201.Irrigation plan: 喷灌图202.Jack: 千斤顶、杰克（人名）203.Japan: 日本204.Key: 主要，钥匙205.Kitchen: 厨房206.Korea: 韩国nd: 土地nd form: 地形nding area (LA/IP/TP): 落球点ndscape: 景观ndslide: 塌方nguage: 语言teral pipeline: 支管（喷灌）wn: 草地yer: 层216.Leaking: 漏水217.Length: 长度218.Levelling: 平整219.Limestone: 石灰220.Lime powder：白灰221.Low: 低222.Loader: 装载机223.Lunar New Year: 农历新年224.Machine: 机械设备225.Main pipe: 主管道（喷灌）226.Maintenance: 保养227.Malaysia: 马来西亚228.Management: 管理229.Mark: 标记230.Masterplan: 总规图231.Mechanic: 机修工232.Meeting: 开会233.Metal: 金属234.Meter: 米、公尺235.Mixture: 混合236.Monsoon: 季候237.Mortar: 水泥砂浆238.Motorbike: 摩多车239.Mound: 小山丘240.Mountain course: 山地球场241.Mower: 剪草机242.Natural: 自然243.Nematode: 线虫244.Nitrogen: 氮245.Nursery: 苗圃246.NPK: 氮、磷、钾247.Off-site mixing: 场外混合anic material: 有机物质249.Outlet, pipe: 外排（排水）250.Out-of-bound: 界外251.Overflow: 溢洪252.Overlap: 重叠253.Overtime: 加班254.Palm tree: 棕榈树255.Par: 杆数256.Paspalum grass: 夏威夷草（海滨雀稗）257.Paspalum ‘Salam’: ‘沙浪姆’海滨雀稗258.Paspalum ‘Platinum’: ‘白金’海滨雀稗259.Pea gravel: 小石子260.Peat soil: 泥炭土261.Permanent: 永久262.Pest: 病虫害263.Petrol: 汽油264.pH: 酸碱值265.Pine tree: 松树266.Pipe: 管道267.Pipe fitting: 管件268.Plan: 图纸269.Planning: 规划、计划270.Plant: 植物271.Planting: 植草、种植272.Planting bag: 营养袋273.Plumber: 管道工274.Plywood: 三合板275.Practice green: 练习果岭276.Precast: 预制277.Pressure: 压力278.Pressure test: 压力测试279.Print: 打印280.Printer: 打印机281.Probe, sand: 探测棒（沙）282.Progress: 进度283.Project manager: 项目经理284.Pump: 泵285.Pumphouse: 泵房286.Purchasing: 采购287.Purity: 纯度288.Putting green: 推杆果岭289.PVC spiral pipe: PVC 波纹管290.PVC sheet: PVC 薄膜291.QCV: 快速取水器292.Quality: 质量293.Quarter: 宿舍294.Radius：半径295.Railroad tie: 枕木296.Rain season：雨季297.Rake: 耙子298.Ratio: 比率299.Record: 记录300.Reinforced concrete: 钢筋混凝土301.Repair: 修理302.Reservoir: 水库303.Road: 道路304.Rock: 石头305.Roller, disc: 切插式滚筒306.Roller, smooth: 滚筒307.Root: 根（树、草）308.Root zone mix: 果岭混合层309.Rotary mower: 旋刀剪草机310.Rubble wall: 毛石墙311.Rubber boot: 水鞋312.Rough: 长草区313.Rust: 锈314.Safety: 安全315.Sand: 沙316.Sample: 样板317.Sand capping: 铺沙318.Sandy soil: 沙土319.Saw: 锯子320.Scale: 比例321.Scan: 扫描322.Schedule：进度323.Score card: 积分卡324.Section: 部分325.Sediment pond: 沉淀湖326.Seed: 种子327.Seeding: 播种328.Seedling: 幼苗329.Selective Herbicide: 选择性除草剂330.Settlement: 沉淀331.Shallow: 浅332.Shaping: 造型333.Shaper: 造型师334.Short circuit: 短路335.Shovel: 铲子336.Shrink: 收缩337.Shrub: 灌木338.Sieve: 筛子339.Singapore: 新加坡340.Signal: 标识、指示341.Silt: 淤泥342.Site office: 现场办公室343.Sketch: 草图344.Slope: 斜坡345.SMS: 短消息346.Sod: 草皮347.Sod cutter: 起草皮机348.Soil: 土壤349.Soil analysis：土壤分析350.Spare part: 配件351.Species: 品种（动植物）352.Spiral pipe: 波纹管353.Sprayer: 喷药器354.Sprig: 草茎355.Spring: 春天356.Sprinkler: 喷头357.Staking: 设桩、放线358.Standard: 标准359.Straight: 直360.Steel: 钢361.Steep: 陡362.Stolon: 草茎363.Stone: 小石头364.Store: 仓库365.Storm drainage: （雨水）排水管366.Storm shelter: 避雨亭367.Stump: 树头368.Subsoil (subsurface) drainage: 盲排369.Summer: 夏季370.Superintendent: 总监371.Supervisor: 主管372.Surveyor: 测量员373.Swale: 洼地374.Swing joint: 千秋架375.Tape: 皮尺376.Temperature: 温度377.Temporary：临时378.Tee box: 发球台379.Tee joint: 三通380.Telephone: 电话381.Testing: 测试382.Thailand: 泰国383.Thatch: 枯草层384.Three-gang mower: 三联机385.Three-phase power: 三相电386.Ticket: 票387.Tifway 419: 419 草388.Tight: 紧密389.Toilet: 厕所390.Tool: 工具391.Topdressing: 覆沙392.Topsoil: 表土393.Track: 履带（机械）394.Tractor, agriculture: 拖拉机395.Training: 培训396.Tree: 树木397.Trench: 壕沟398.Trencher: 开沟机399.Tripod: 三脚架400.Tropical: 热带地区401.Truck: 卡车402.Turf: 草坪403.Typhoon: 台风404.Tyre: 轮胎405.Underground: 地下406.Underground water: 地下水407.Undulation: 起伏408.Unit: 单位409.Urea: 尿素A: 美国GA: 美国高协GA Green: 美高协果岭413.Valve: 阀门414.Variety: 品种415.Vegetation: 植被416.Verticutting: 垂直切割417.Vietnam: 越南418.V olume: 体积419.Walkie talkie: 对讲机420.Warm-season grass: 暖季型草421.Washed gravel: 水洗石子422.Waste bunker: 沙道423.Water cock: 水龙头424.Waterfall: 瀑布425.Watering: 浇水426.Water level: 水位427.Waterlogged: 积水428.Waterproof: 防水429.Weather: 天气430.Weed: 杂草431.Weed, broadleaf: 阔叶杂草432.Welding: 焊接433.Well: 井434.Wet: 湿435.Wetlands: 湿地436.Wet well: 湿井437.Wheelbarrow: 手推车438.White sand: 白沙439.Width: 宽度440.Wild: 野生441.Wilt: 干枯442.Wind: 风443.Winter: 冬季444.Wood: 木，丛林445.Worker: 工人446.Working drawing: 施工图447.Worm: 虫448.Yard: 码449.Yardage:码数450.Zero: 零451.Zone: 区域Zoysia grass: 台湾草当我被上帝造出来时，上帝问我想在人间当一个怎样的人，我不假思索的说，我要做一个伟大的世人皆知的人。

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图纸上英文缩写篇一ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech Engrs ASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B ＆S Brown ＆Shape 棕色＆形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL Counerdrill CDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围, 外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator Movement FIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地, 液体, 冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H ＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围, 外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator Movement FIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地, 液体, 冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽H ＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译NTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsotetcOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece,Pitch Circle 件，节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package,Packing 包装PL Parting Line,Places,Plate PNEU PncumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position,Postive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product,Production 产品，产量PSI Pounds per Square Inch PT Part,Point 零件，点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden,A-Scale RB Rockwell Harden,B-Scale RC Rockwell Harden,C-Scale RECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REFReference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release,Relief 释放，缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Requird 有需要REE Retainer,ReturnREV Reverse,Revision,Revolution RFS Regardless of Feature Size RGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection Weld SAE Society of Automotive Engrs SCH Schedule 进度表图纸上英文缩写篇二图纸上英文缩写图纸上英文缩写缩写全称翻译ACCESS Accessory 附件ADJ Adjustable,Adjust 调整ADPT Adapter 使适应ADV Advance 提前AL Aluminum 铝ALLOW Allowance 允许ALT Alternate 改变ALY Alloy 合金AMT Amout 数量ANL Anneal 锻炼ANSL Amer Natl Stds InstituteAPPROX Approximate 大约ASME Amer Society of Mech Engrs ASSEM Assemble 装配ASSY Assembly 装配AUTH Authorized 授权的AUTO Automatic 自动的AUX Auxiliary 辅助的AVG Average 平均AWG American Wire GaugeBC Bolt Circle 螺栓圆周BET Between 之间BEV Bevel 斜角BHN Brinell Hardness Number 布氏硬度值BLK Blank ,Block 空白B/NM Bill of Material 材料费BOT Bottom 底部BP or B/P Blueprint 蓝图BRG Bearing 轴承BRK Break 破裂BRKT Bracket 支架BRO Broach 钻孔BRS Brass 黄铜BRZ Bronze 青铜B ＆S Brown ＆Shape 棕色＆形状BSC Basic 基本的BUSH Bushing 套管BWG Birmingham Wire GaugeC TO C Center-to-Center 中心到中心CAD Computer-Aided Drafting 电脑辅助设计CAM Computer-Aided MfgCAP Capacity 容量CAP SCR Cap Screw 螺帽CARB Carburize 使渗碳CBORE Counterbore 扩孔CCW Counter Clockwise 逆时针CDRILL Counerdrill CDS Cold-Drawn Steel缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围, 外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator Movement FIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地, 液体, 冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GR Grade 等级GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H ＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译EFF Effective 有效的ENCL Enclose,Enclosure 附上ENG Engine 引擎ENGR Engineer 工程师ENGRG Engineering 工程学EQLSP Equally Spaced 等距EQUIV Equivalent 相等EST Estimate 估计EX Extra 额外EXH Exhaust 消耗EXP Experimental 实验性的EXT Exension,External 范围, 外部FAB Fabricate 伪造FAO Finish All OverFDRY Foundry 铸造FIG Figure 数据FIL Fillet,fillister 带子FIM Full Indicator Movement FIN FinishFLX Fixture 结构FLX Floor.Fluid,Flush 基地, 液体, 冲洗FLEX Flexible 易弯曲的FLG Flange 边缘FORG Forging 锻炼FR Frame,Front 边框FIG Fitting 装置FURN Furnish 提供FWD Forward 向前GA Gage,Gauge 测量GALV Galvanized 电镀GRD Grind 磨碎GRV Groove 凹槽GSKT Gasket 垫圈H ＆G Harden and Grind 加硬和磨碎HD Head 主要的HDL Handle 处理HDLS Headless 无领导的HDN Harden 使硬化HDW Hardware 硬件HEX Hexagon 六边形HGR Hanger 衣架HGT Height 高度HOR Horizontal 水平的HRS Hot-Rolled SteelHSG Housing 外罩HT TR Heat Treal缩写全称翻译NTS Not to ScaleOA Over All 所有OBS ObsotetcOC On CenterOD Outside Diameter 外直径OPP Opposite 对立OPTL Optional 可选择的OR Outside Radius 外半径ORIG Original 初始的PAT. Patent 专利PATT Pattern 形式PC Piece,Pitch Circle 件，节距圆PCH Punch 打孔PD Pitch DiameterPERF Perforate 打孔PERM Permanent 永久的PERP Perpendicular 垂直的PFD Preferred 首选的PKG Package,Packing 包装PL Parting Line,Places,Plate PNEU PncumaticPNL Panel 面板POL Polish 磨光POS Position,Postive 位置PR Pair 对立PRI Primary 基本的PROC Process 程序PROD Product,Production 产品，产量PSI Pounds per Square Inch PT Part,Point 零件，点QTR Quarter 四份之一QTY Quantity 数量QUAL Quality 质量R Radius 半径RA Rockwell Harden,A-Scale RB Rockwell Harden,B-Scale RC Rockwell Harden,C-Scale RECD Received 巳收到的RECT Rectangle 长方形REF Reference 相关的REINF Reinforce 增强REL Release,Relief 释放，缓解REM Remove 移除REQD Requird 有需要REE Retainer,ReturnREV Reverse,Revision,Revolution RFS Regardless of Feature Size RGH Rough 粗糙的RH Right Hand 右手RIV Rivet 起皱RM Ream 扩展RND Round 周围RPM Revolutions per MinuteRPW Resistance Projection Weld SAE Society of Automotive Engrs SCH Schedule 进度表图纸英文缩写参考篇三Acronyms and Abbreviations in Engineering Complied by Allan Wise, based in Australia ( 根据澳标)AA - AmpereA/C - Air ConditioningA/H - After HoursAB - As BuiltAEC - Architecture, Engineering, and ConstructionAFL - Above Floor Level AFL - Above Finished LevelAG - Agricultural pipe drainAGL - Above Ground LevelAHD - Australian Height DatumAHU - Air Handler UnitAPPROX - ApproximatelyAS - Australian StandardASCII - American Standard Code for Information InterchangeATF - Along T op FlangeBB - Basin or BottomBLDG - BuildingBNS - Business Network ServicesBOT - BottomBQ - Bendable QualityBSP - British Standard PipeBT - Bath TubBT - Boundary TrapBTM - BottomBW - Both WaysCC - C shaped steel purlinC/C - Cross CentresC.J. - Control Joint (or Construction Joint)CAD - Computer Aided Design. Less commonly use is Computer Assisted Drafting.CCTV - Closed Circuit T eleVision CFW - Continuous Fillet Weld CHS - Circular Hollow Section CL - Center LineCLG - Control JointCLR - ClearanceCMU - Cement Masonry Unit CNJ - Construction JointCOL - ColumnCOMMS - Communications CONN - ConnectionCONT - ContinuousCS - Cleaners SinkCT - ControllerCTR(S) - Centre/SCTRL - ControlCTRS - CentersCU - Dental CuspidorCVR - Cover °C - Degrees CelsiusDDAR - Dressed All RoundDD - Design DrawingDIA - DiameterDIM - DimensionDN - Diameter NominalDP - Down PipeDR - DryerDW - DishwasherDWG - Drawing DWG(S) - Drawing/SEEA - Equal Angle (steel)EF - Each FaceEL - Elevated LevelEL - ElevationELEC - ElectricalEQ - EqualEQUIP - EquipmentEW - Each WayEWB - Electric Water BoilerEWC - Electric Water CoolerFFB - Footing BeamF‟c - Characteristic Concrete StrengthFCU - Fan Coil UnitFL - Floor LevelFOC - Fibre Optic CableFS - Far SideFSBL - Full Strength Butt WeldFTG - FootingFTP - Fibre T ermination Panel (fibre optical cable)FW - Fillet WeldFWF - From Web Face (steel)GGALV - GalvanizedGCI - Galvanized corrugated iron.GIS - Graphic Information SystemGSM - Global System of Moblie or “Groupe Speciale Mobile” in FrenchHH - Prewash Hose ReelHOR - HorizontalHORIZ - HorizontalHP - High PressureHWB - Hair Wash BasinIID - Inside DiameterIE - Invert ElevationIL - Invert LevelIO - Inspection OpeningIP - Intersection PointISO - International Standard Organisation prefered)JJIS - Japanese Industry StandardKkHz - KilohertzK.J. - Key JointKS - Kitchen SinkKWh - Kilo Watt Hour (metre)LL - Steel AngleLAN - Local Area NetworkLGX - Line Group Cross (Connector, fibre optical cable) LH - Left HandLPG - Liquid Petroleum GasLT - Laundry TroughMm - Metres (English) or MetersMAX - MaximumMDF - Main Distribution Frame (T elecommunications) MFR - ManufacturerMHz - Megahertz Micky Mouse - A toy project, of very low quality.MIN - MinimumMISC - MiscellaneousM.J. - Movement Jointmm -MillimetresMS - Mild SteelNNC - Normally ClosedNET - NetworkNo. - NumberNOM - NominalNS - Near SideN.S.O.P . - Not Shown On Plan NTS - Not T o ScaleNZS - New Zealand StandardOOA or O/A - OverallOD - Outside DiameterOPT - OptionalPPCD - Pitch Circle Diameter PFC - Parallel Flange Channel PL - PlatePT - Pressure T appingPVC - Ploy Vinyl ChlorideQQTY - QuantityRR - RadiusRAD - Radius or radialREF - ReferenceREINF - ReinforcementREQ‟D - RequiredREV - RevisionRH - Right HandRHS - Rectangular Hollow Section RL - Reduced Level or Relative LevelSS - SinkSAN - SanitarySDU - Sanitary Disposal UnitSF - Strip FootingSHR - ShowerSHS - Square Hollow SectionSIM - SimilarSQ - SquareSS or S/S - Stainless SteelSL - Structural LevelSSL - Structural Slab LevelSTD - StandardTT - T opTB - Tie BeamTEMP - T emperatureTFC - T aper Flange ChannelTHK - ThickTO or T.O. or T.OFF - T op OffTR - Laundry TroughTUN - TundishTYP - TypicalUU/S - Under SideUA - Unequal Angle (steel)UB - Universal Beam (steel)UC - Universal Column (steel) UNO - Unless Noted Otherwise UON is FFL - Finished Floor Level UON - Unless Otherwise NotedUR - UrinalVVER - VerticalVERT - VerticalWW AN - Wide Area NetworkWB - Welded Beam (steel)WC - Welded Column (steel)WC - Water Closet (toilet)WC(P) - Water Closet With …P‟ Trap WC(S) - Water Closet With …S‟ TrapWD - Working DrawingWM - Washing MachineWP - Water Proof or Work PointX X - By. Example, “N12 x 1200 long” also means “N12 by 1200 long”.ZZ - Zulu (Greenwich Mean Time)Z - Z shaped steel purlin Special Characters °C = Degrees Celsius Ø = Diameter …# = NumberPL:plate钢板PFC ：parallel flange channel 槽钢TFC ：taper flange channel槽钢TYP ：typical ：典型的CHS ：circular hollow section 圆通SHS ：square hollow section 方通（正方形）RHS ：Rectangular hollow section 方通（长方形）RC:Reinforced Concrete,钢筋混凝土GJ 刚架LT 檩条LaT 拉条SC 水平支撑（剪刀支撑）GL 钢梁CL 次梁ZC 柱间支撑XG 梁（柱）间系杆TL 托梁QL 墙梁XT 斜拉条MZ 门边柱ML 门上梁YC 隅撑CG 撑杆HJ 桁架GTG 檐沟（天沟）GJZ 刚架柱GJL 刚架梁GLT 刚性檩条GXG 刚性系杆YXB 压型金属板WLT 屋脊檩条SQZ 山墙柱FHB 复合板GXG 刚性系杆YXB 压型金属板SQZ 山墙柱GLT 刚性檩条。

钢构件英文缩写在钢结构和建筑行业中，钢构件通常有一些常见的英文缩写。

这些缩写可能因国家、地区或行业标准的不同而有所变化。

以下是一些常见的钢构件英文缩写：HSS - Hollow Structural Section，空心结构型材（如方管、圆管等）CHS - Cold-Formed Hollow Section，冷弯空心型材I-Beam 或UB - Universal Beam，工字梁（英制称呼，在公制中可能有不同的命名）UC - Universal Column，H型钢柱（在某些地区这样称呼）C-Channel 或UPE - Channel Beam，槽钢L-Angle 或Angle Bar，角钢Plate 或PL -钢板Bar 或Rod -圆钢或钢筋BF - Beam Flange，梁翼缘BW - Beam Web，梁腹板BFT - Beam Flange Thickness，梁翼缘厚度BWT - Beam Web Thickness，梁腹板厚度RHS - Rectangular Hollow Section，矩形空心型材SHS - Square Hollow Section，方形空心型材BSP - Bolt, Screw, or Pin，螺栓、螺钉或销钉WP - Weld Point 或Weld Preparation，焊接点或焊接坡口Gusset Plate 或GP -加劲板或连接板Brkt 或Bracket -支架或托架Truss -桁架（由多个杆件组成的结构）Girder -主梁（通常用于大型结构）Joist -次梁或小梁Purlin -檩条（屋顶或墙面结构的支撑构件）Bolt -螺栓连接件Nut -螺母Washer -垫圈Rivet -铆钉Weld 或WLD -焊缝Fillet Weld -角焊缝Butt Weld -对接焊缝Stiffener 或Stiffening Rib -加强筋或加强肋SS - Steel Structure，钢结构MS - Mild Steel，低碳钢HS - High Strength Steel，高强度钢ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials，美国材料与试验协会（一个制定材料规范的机构）EN - European Norm，欧洲标准JIS - Japanese Industrial Standard，日本工业标准BS - British Standard，英国标准AS - Australian Standard，澳大利亚标准ISO - International Organization for Standardization，国际标准化组织CNC - Computer Numerical Control，计算机数控（用于精确切割和成型钢构件）CAM - Computer-Aided Manufacturing，计算机辅助制造CAD - Computer-Aided Design，计算机辅助设计BIM - Building Information Modeling，建筑信息模型RF - Roof Framing，屋顶框架SF - Shear Force，剪力BM - Bending Moment，弯矩AISC - American Institute of Steel Construction，美国钢结构学会SCS - Steel Construction System，钢结构系统SDF - Steel Decking Frame，钢平台框架MT - Metric Ton，公吨KSI - Kilopounds per Square Inch，千磅每平方英寸（一种压力或应力单位）PSI - Pounds per Square Inch，磅每平方英寸（另一种压力或应力单位）GRP - Glass Reinforced Plastic 或Glass Reinforced Polymer，玻璃纤维增强塑料或聚合物（虽然不是钢，但在结构工程中经常与钢一起使用）GFRP - Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer，玻璃纤维增强聚合物（同上）CFRP - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer，碳纤维增强聚合物（一种高性能复合材料）Pre-fab 或Prefabrication -预制（在工厂中制造钢构件然后在现场组装的过程）Erection -钢结构安装（在工地上组装和固定钢构件的过程）Galv 或Galvanizing -镀锌（一种防腐蚀处理方法）HDG - Hot Dip Galvanizing，热浸镀锌Paint Coating 或Painting -涂漆（另一种防腐蚀和美观处理方法）POWDER COATING -粉末涂装（一种干式涂装工艺）Bolt Grade -螺栓等级（表示螺栓的机械性能和化学成分）Fastener -紧固件（包括螺栓、螺母、垫圈、销钉等）Clip Angle -斜支撑角钢（用于支撑钢梁或钢柱的角钢）Seismic Design -抗震设计（使结构能够抵抗地震力的设计）Wind Load -风荷载（风对结构产生的力）Snow Load -雪荷载（雪对结构产生的力）Live Load -活荷载（可变荷载，如人、车辆、设备等）Dead Load -恒荷载（结构自重和其他永久性荷载）Buckling -屈曲（受压构件在达到其临界荷载时发生的失稳现象）Yield Point -屈服点（材料开始发生塑性变形的应力点）Ultimate Strength -极限强度（材料在破坏前能承受的最大应力）Fatigue -疲劳（材料在循环应力作用下发生的渐进性损伤）Creep -蠕变（材料在长时间持续应力作用下发生的缓慢变形）DWG - Drawing，图纸DXF - Drawing Exchange Format，图纸交换格式（一种CAD数据文件格式）DGN - Design File Format，设计文件格式（另一种CAD数据文件格式）Revit -一种BIM建模软件平台名称。

Acronyms and Abbreviations in Engineering Complied by Allan Wise, based in Australia ( 根据澳标)AA - AmpereA/C - Air ConditioningA/H - After HoursAB - As BuiltAEC - Architecture, Engineering, and ConstructionAFL - Above Floor LevelAFL - Above Finished LevelAG - Agricultural pipe drainAGL - Above Ground LevelAHD - Australian Height DatumAHU - Air Handler UnitAPPROX - ApproximatelyAS - Australian StandardASCII - American Standard Code for Information InterchangeATF - Along Top FlangeBB - Basin or BottomBLDG - BuildingBNS - Business Network ServicesBOT - BottomBQ - Bendable QualityBSP - British Standard Pipe LL - Steel AngleLAN - Local Area NetworkLGX - Line Group Cross (Connector, fibre optical cable)LH - Left HandLPG - Liquid Petroleum GasLT - Laundry TroughMm - Metres (English) or MetersMAX - MaximumMDF - Main Distribution Frame (Telecommunications)MFR - ManufacturerMHz - MegahertzMicky Mouse - A toy project, of very low quality.MIN - MinimumMISC - MiscellaneousM.J. - Movement Jointmm - MillimetresMS - Mild SteelNNC - Normally ClosedNET - NetworkBT - Bath TubBT - Boundary TrapBTM - BottomBW - Both WaysCC - C shaped steel purlinC/C - Cross CentresC.J. - Control Joint (or Construction Joint) CAD - Computer Aided Design. Less commonly use is Computer Assisted Drafting.CCTV - Closed Circuit TeleVisionCFW - Continuous Fillet WeldCHS - Circular Hollow SectionCL - Center LineCLG - Control JointCLR - ClearanceCMU - Cement Masonry UnitCNJ - Construction JointCOL - ColumnCOMMS - CommunicationsCONN - ConnectionCONT - ContinuousCS - Cleaners SinkCT - ControllerCTR(S) - Centre/SCTRL - ControlCTRS - CentersCU - Dental Cuspidor No. - NumberNOM - NominalNS - Near SideN.S.O.P. - Not Shown On PlanNTS - Not To ScaleNZS - New Zealand StandardOOA or O/A - OverallOD - Outside DiameterOPT - OptionalPPCD - Pitch Circle DiameterPFC - Parallel Flange ChannelPL - PlatePT - Pressure TappingPVC - Ploy Vinyl ChlorideQQTY - QuantityRR - RadiusRAD - Radius or radialREF - ReferenceREINF - ReinforcementREQ'D - RequiredREV - RevisionRH - Right HandRHS - Rectangular Hollow Section RL - Reduced Level or Relative LevelCVR - Cover°C - Degrees CelsiusDDAR - Dressed All RoundDD - Design DrawingDIA - DiameterDIM - DimensionDN - Diameter NominalDP - Down PipeDR - DryerDW - DishwasherDWG - DrawingDWG(S) - Drawing/SEEA - Equal Angle (steel)EF - Each FaceEL - Elevated LevelEL - ElevationELEC - ElectricalEQ - EqualEQUIP - EquipmentEW - Each WayEWB - Electric Water BoilerEWC - Electric Water CoolerFFB - Footing BeamF'c - Characteristic Concrete Strength FCU - Fan Coil Unit SS - SinkSAN - SanitarySDU - Sanitary Disposal UnitSF - Strip FootingSHR - ShowerSHS - Square Hollow SectionSIM - SimilarSQ - SquareSS or S/S - Stainless SteelSL - Structural LevelSSL - Structural Slab LevelSTD - StandardTT - TopTB - Tie BeamTEMP - TemperatureTFC - Taper Flange ChannelTHK - ThickTO or T.O. or T.OFF - Top OffTR - Laundry TroughTUN - TundishTYP - TypicalUU/S - Under SideUA - Unequal Angle (steel)UB - Universal Beam (steel)UC - Universal Column (steel)UNO - Unless Noted Otherwise (UON isFFL - Finished Floor LevelFL - Floor LevelFOC - Fibre Optic CableFS - Far SideFSBL - Full Strength Butt WeldFTG - FootingFTP - Fibre Termination Panel (fibre optical cable)FW - Fillet WeldFWF - From Web Face (steel)GGALV - GalvanizedGCI - Galvanized corrugated iron.GIS - Graphic Information SystemGSM - Global System of Moblie or "GroupeSpeciale Mobile" in FrenchHH - Prewash Hose ReelHOR - HorizontalHORIZ - HorizontalHP - High PressureHWB - Hair Wash BasinIID - Inside DiameterIE - Invert ElevationIL - Invert LevelIO - Inspection OpeningIP - Intersection PointISO - International Standard Organisation prefered)UON - Unless Otherwise NotedUR - UrinalVVER - VerticalVERT - VerticalWWAN - Wide Area NetworkWB - Welded Beam (steel)WC - Welded Column (steel)WC - Water Closet (toilet)WC(P) - Water Closet With 'P' Trap WC(S) - Water Closet With 'S' Trap WD - Working DrawingWM - Washing MachineWP - Water Proof or Work PointXX - By. Example, "N12 x 1200 long" also means "N12 by 1200 long".YZZ - Zulu (Greenwich Mean Time)Z - Z shaped steel purlinSpecial Characters°C = Degrees CelsiusØ = Diameter'# = Number。

澳大利亚视觉艺术课程国家标准介绍（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

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序言本标准由澳大利亚新西兰联合标准协会（Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee）的澳大利亚成员方参考自MT-014金属的腐蚀性，用于替代《AS2345-1992，铜合金的抗脱锌性》。

在向澳大利亚标准协会和新西兰标准协会的相关人士之后，双方协会决定将此标准发展为澳洲标准，而非澳大利亚或新西兰标准。

此修正的目的在于，再次确认该程序，并更新参考文献和版式。

本标准附录C的测试方法，以国际标准组织出版的《ISO6509:1981，金属及其合金的腐蚀性-铜的抗脱锌性能测定》为基础，但含有更多关于测试程序的详细信息，特别是关于脱锌的测量。

本标准中使用的“规范性”（normative）和“参考性”(informative)二词是用来定义所用附录的性质的。

一个规范性附录是整个标准不可缺少的部分，而一个参考性附录则仅仅具有提供信息和指导的作用。

目录前言1.范围2.参考文献3.定义4.一般要求附录A．购买指南B．I类合金举例列表C．评估含锌的铜合金脱锌敏感度的测试方法D．关于影响铜合金抗脱锌性能因素的一般信息前言当铜合金的锌含量不超过15%，并且α黄铜由于足量的砷和锑而受抑制时，在水或土壤的环境下，会对一种叫脱锌的腐蚀现象产生抵抗力，这是普遍认同的观点。

另外，一些（α+β）黄铜在有一定的结构特性和α相抑制的情况下，也会有抗脱锌能力。

本标准提供了一种加速的测试方法，用于评估铜和其他含锌的合金的脱锌敏感度。

它能够测量深度，但无法说明脱锌方式。

澳大利亚标准协会澳洲标准铜合金的抗脱锌性１. 范围本标准专述了含锌铜合金对一种叫脱锌的腐蚀现象，确定其抵抗力的过程，分如下两个步骤：（ａ）根据合金的化学组成部分将其分成两组，它们的化学组成同时被用来评估脱锌敏感性；（ｂ）根据化学成分已被评估其抗脱锌性的合金，可以不进行测试。

敏感合金可通过测试得到进一步的评估，但测试应在完成全部制造程序后在实验室的加速条件下进行。

澳大利亞標準銅合金的抗脫鋅(DR)翻譯:校對:審核:1999年9月1日前言普遍認為,含鋅量不大於15%,適量的As和Sb的含量使α銅有一定抗脫鋅能力,這類銅合金置於水或土壤的環境中對那種叫做″脫鋅″的腐蝕現象具有抵抗作用.此外,有些α-β銅如果具有一定的結構特性並且α銅具有抗力也會有脫鋅抗力.此標準給出了銅和其它銅合金對脫鋅易感性的快速評估方法,它給出了衡量的深度,但沒有給出脫鋅方式的信息.澳大利亞標準銅合金的抗脫鋅(DR)1.範圍:此標準專述了測試含鋅的銅合金對被稱為脫鋅的腐蝕形式的抵抗力(Dezincification Resistance—DR) ,測試分如下兩個步驟:(a)基於合金的化學成分,把這些合金分成兩組,它們的化學組成元素常被用來評估其脫鋅敏感性.(b)對於那些基於其化學元素已評估過具有抗脫鋅能力的合金不需測試.具有敏感性的合金可通過測試做進一步的評估,但測試應在完成了全部制造程序後在實驗室條件下進行.進行了這樣的測試並且達到了評估標準的這類合金可被認為具有抗脫鋅性能.此標準也闡述了輿飲用水或土壤接觸的銅鋅合金的抗脫鋅要求.注解:在詢盤或定購時由購買者提供的有關信息收錄在附錄A中.2.參考文獻:此標準參考了如下文獻:AS1562 銅及銅合金----------銅錠及鑄件1566銅及銅合金----------輾壓平低產品1567銅及銅合金----------鍛制的條､棒及部件2738銅及銅合金----------成分及設計2738.2第二部分:鍛制產品2738.3第三部分:鑄造產品SAA-MP52 管道及排水產品審核程序手冊3.定義:此標準中使用了下列各定義:3.1脫鋅腐蝕:銅/鋅合金脫鋅之後剩下多孔或松軟的銅,此類腐蝕稱之為脫鋅腐蝕.3.2抗脫鋅銅/鋅合金:那些具有合適的化學組成元素及物理特性/從而使其達到此標準中去鋅測試要求的合金.3.3測試零件:用通過了一些機械操作的試樣制成的用於測試的零部件.3.4測試樣品:用抽樣程序從一批量或托運貨物中選擇的一部分金屬或一組貨物.3.5試樣:為使用一特殊的測試而從測試樣品中提取的一部分金屬或單個產品.3.6非正式附錄:給出附加信息,推荐,指南或其它非強制性聲明的附錄.3.7正式附錄:理解或執行此標準的必需的附錄.4.一般要求4.1概述:銅件的抗脫鋅是基於其化學組成要素或在完成全部制造及熱處理程序之後通過測試得到評估的.注解:為控制質量起見,脫鋅測試也可在零配件制造過程中進行.4.2可接受要求:銅合金的化學組成元素或它通過脫鋅測試的能力是否合乎稿抗脫鋅要求的判別如下: (a)I類合金: I類合金的含鋅量不超過15%並且其化學組成元素合格,不需對它們進行抗脫鋅測試.注解:I類合金的樣品在附錄B表B1中給出.(b)II類合金: II類合金即是不符合I類要求並且對脫鋅具有敏感性的所有合金,因為此類合金的某些合金仍具有抗脫鋅能力(通過熱處理或特殊的成分控制),所以它們應根據附錄C專述的方法測試,每一樣品脫鋅滲透的平均深度不大於表1給定的數值可被認為是合格品.表1根據附錄C進行測試時銅合金滲透深度的合格標準產品類型平均深度μm(最大)(A)鍛造和鑄造(包括連續鑄造棒材)(B)擠壓條棒----------縱向橫向100 300 100正常情況下,對產品抗脫鋅的評估通常是在完成全部制造程序之後但在安裝生產進行.任一銅焊操作溫度超過600℃可改變合金的抗脫鋅特性.在制造過程中進行這類銅焊操作時,相關的平均深度標準要提高100µm.注解:1.符合SAA.MP52 009項說明的用於軟纖焊的低溫不會引致產品抗脫鋅能力的重大改變.2.脫鋅及影響銅合金抗脫鋅因素的有關信息在附錄D中給出.4.3辯認標記:符合此標準各項要求的每一零配件應印上清晰的永久的”DR”標記.購買指南(非正式)A1 概述:澳大利亞標準中包括相關產品的技術要求,但這並不意味著它已構成了合同的全部必要條款,此附錄包含了在詢盤或訂購時由購買方所提供的有關建議,推荐信息.A2由購買者提供的有關信息: 購買者在詢盤和訂購時應提供下列信息:(a)產品說明,包括明確的合金設計.(b) 產品或零部件的辨識及制造方法.(c) 測試所要求的類型,如化學分析或根據附錄C的測試方法.(d)如合適的話,應當遵守的抽樣程序的細節.(e)所參考澳標,即:AS2345I類合金各樣品的登錄(非正式)B1範圍:此附錄表格B1給出了I類合金的一些樣品及它們化學成分表.備注:表中B1一些合金的不純限度並不完整,故應考慮到這些合金化學成分的具體規格,而這些在AS1565,AS1566,AS1567,AS2738和AS2738.2中已給出.AS2345-1992第 頁表格B1I 類合金的一些樣品化學成分百分含量 銅 鉛鐵 錫 鋅 鋁 磷 鎳 鉍 硅 銻合金表 示方法 合金 名稱 最小 最大 最小最大最小最大最小最大最小最大 最小最大最小最大最小最大最小最大精鍛造合金 210 220 鑄造合金 C83410* C83600* C83810* C92310* C92410* C92610*95/5鍍金金屬90/10鍍金金屬 砂鑄 黃銅 纖焊黃銅85/5/5/5鉛炮銅 83/3/9/5 鉛炮銅 88/8/4 炮銅 87/7/3/3 鉛炮銅 88/10/2 炮銅 94.0 89.088.0 84.0 REM REMREM REM 96.0 91.0 91.0 86.0 …. …. …. …. …. …. …. 4.0 4.0 0.30 2.5 0.30 0.03 0.050.10 6.0 6.0 1.5 3.51.5…. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.30 0.5 …. 0.20 0.15 …. …. 1.0 4.0 2.0 7.5 6.0 9.5 …. …. 2.0 6.0 3.5 8.5 8.0 10.5 REM REM REM 4.0 7.5 3.5 1.5 1.7 …. …. …. 6.0 9.5 4.5 3.0 2.8 …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. …. 0.05 …. …. …. …. …. 0.05 1.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 …. …. …. …. 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.03 …. …. …. 0.25 …. …. 0.25 ….*進一步的信息請看AS1565 備注:REM 表示合金的其它成份由特殊原素組成附錄C對含鋅的銅合金腐蝕脫鋅敏感度評估的測試方法C1範圍:這一附錄列舉了II類合金脫鋅敏感度的評估方法.C2原理:把準備好的測試件浸泡在銅(II)氯化物溶液中達24小時,任何脫鋅效果的深度應用顯微鏡觀察測試.C3試劑:需要如下試劑:(a)水,蒸餾過或經過濾礦質.(b)銅(1I)氯化物測試溶液,把12.8克可分解的CuCl2.2H2O溶於水中並生成1.0L±10mL的溶劑.(c)乙醇或其它合適溶劑(可分解類).C4器具:需要如下器具:(a) 一帶有密封蓋的玻璃容器,以防止測試溶液的揮發(見圖C1).(b)一個水或油浴鍋或其它加熱方式,溫度控制維持在測試溫度的±3℃範圍內.(c)一個安裝有台式測微計的顯微鏡及一個至少能放大100x的校正測試刻度盤, 測試刻度盤準確度為±0.5μm.(d)一個適當的溫度計,準確度為±0.5℃.(e)金相拋光設備.C5測試零部件的準備C5.1概述:除非在相關產品標準中另有專門陳述,測試零部件應根據C5.2進行選擇並從每一測試樣品中準備,準備方式應保証.由於鋸拉,研磨或銼削操作而導致的熱或機械變形不會對金屬晶粒結構產生不利影響.浸泡到測試溶液中的每一測試零配件面積不應低於50m㎡,除非此零配件的截面太小,不適於此尺寸在這種情況下應準備最大的實際測試面積.C5.2測試零部件的選擇應如下選擇:(a) 對於擠壓棒材,拉伸管及由這些產品機加的部件,先切開一測試零件以暴露其表面,表面應與晶粒線向平行;然後切開第二部件,暴露其表面,使其與晶粒線向垂直,由棒材樣品加工的測試零部件的切開方式應使切點包括在軸和邊緣之間的中間點.(b)對於鑄件和鍛件:從鑄件或鍛件最厚剖面切開測試零件,如對鑄件或鍛件進行機加,則在機加前應選好最厚部分.(c)對於連續鑄造過的棒材或由連續鑄造棒材機加成的零配件:可從位於軸和邊緣之間的中點將此測試零件切開.(d)對於一起經過銅焊的零配件:從與銅焊接頭相鄰的切下一測試零件,如果接頭是由擠壓棒材制成,則根據(a)項切下兩個測試零件,如果銅焊接頭的零配件是用II類合金製造的,則它們都須進行測試.在選擇過程中或在檢查過程的任何階段,如測試到砂眼,裂縫或其它相似缺陷時則應匆重新制作試樣.C5.3安裝測試零件:用一適當的電力絕緣材料如酚醛類或丙烯酸類樹脂(見圖C2)安裝每一測試零件,在安裝時,用优質研磨紙研磨測試零件表面而且在紙上加水起到潤滑作用.研磨濕度為P1200或用相關等級的拋光紙以產生相同的光潔度.C6過程C6.1浸泡測試零件應如下浸泡:(a)把測試零件完全浸泡到一個尺寸適度且裝有未用過的測試溶濟的玻璃器皿中,這時應保証測試表面在一直立平面上,而且應至少高於玻璃器皿底部15mm(見圖2),浸泡測試表面每100m㎡應至少用250mL的測試溶劑.注:1.浸泡期間為確保試樣正確放置可在試樣支架底部做一平面.2.不可在一個器皿中測試不同的銅合金.(b) 用一適當的封蓋蓋住玻璃器皿以防止測試溶液揮發而影響濃度.(c) 把裝有測試溶濟和測試零件的玻璃器皿放入水或油浴鍋或其它設備中加熱,溫度控制在75±3℃.(d) 把測試零件浸泡到測試溶劑中達24±0.5小時,浸泡時間即測試零件浸泡在測試溶劑中的時間.(e) 在測試時間達24小時後把測試零件從測試溶劑中拿出並用蒸餾水或已去過礦質的水沖洗,然後用乙醇或其它合適的溶劑沖洗,接著把它晾干.圖2安裝材料中測試零部件的典型位置C6.2用於脫鋅評估已浸泡過了的測試零件的準備:剖開每一測試零件使之達到和穿過浸泡表面的中間點,通過每一浸泡測試零件表面的剖面全長應不小於5mm,但小塊的測試零件,應盡量取部件能得到的最大長度(見5.1款).對於直徑大於25mm的棒材,其剖面長度應不少於10mm,剖開的測試零件和安裝材料在連續金相磨光過程中可再安裝到裝卸設備上,用优質的研磨紙和水潤滑劑磨削剖開的測試零件,研磨濕度為P1200或用相關等級的拋光紙以產生相同的光潔度.用0-1μm的拋光化合物進行最後的拋光,檢測前,用乙醇或其它適當的溶濟清潔和涼干已準備好的表面以防鏽.注:使用適當的腐蝕劑如:酸氯化鐵可幫助檢查零部件表面.C6.3去鋅測量:從測試溶劑中提出後,對脫鋅程度的測量應越快越好,過程如下:(a)在浸泡表面總長度上將表面至少分25等份,用顯微鏡測量並記錄脫鋅深度,每一位置的脫鋅深度即是測試零部件最大脫鋅穿透度到表面的距離,此距離可從微切面的表面沿與表面垂直的一條線測得(見圖3).沿安裝材料和測試零件之間表面線上的邊緣部分,在浸泡到測試溶液之後,可顯示出更大的脫鋅深度,在這種情況下,應避開邊緣部分進行測試.測試零件的浸泡可導致浸泡在測試溶液中的浸泡表面上一層金屬剝離,在這一情況下,對脫鋅層的測試應在浸泡後的測試表面進行.(見附圖4)(b) 從25個或更多的等分點測量的讀數計算平均脫鋅深度.圖3:在α-β(銅-鋅)合金中產生脫鋅深度的測量圖例注解:1.此圖例只顯示擠壓棒材的縱向部分,β相以桁條形式出現.2.對於鑄造產品,β相的方向性並不明顯,但可使用相同的測量原理.3.在每一測量位置測量出實際的去鋅情況是很重要的,在此圖例中,不管已脫鋅的β相桁條與這些測量位置相距多近,還是有兩處脫鋅讀數為零.C7測試報告應包括如下信息:(a)測試機構之名稱(b)產品品名(c)測試部件的品名及相關產品規格(d)測試部件的數目及浸泡面的總面積,單位為m㎡(e)所取深度測量數目及脫鋅平均深度(f)所用放大倍數(g)是否符合本標準中表1之要求(h)所參考之測試方法,如AS2345附錄C(I)報告數目與測試數值附錄D有關影響銅合金抗脫鋅(DR)的一般信息D1概述:此附錄包含的信息有脫鋅的本質,敏感銅合金的不同類型及有關熱處理建議和易感合金的銅焊.D2脫鋅的本質:易感合金,通常是含有超過15%鋅的未明令禁用的黃銅在接觸自然水或已處理過的水時會發生脫鋅.脫鋅,正如其名字所示是一腐蝕過程,在此過程中,黃銅合金浸入水後其含鋅成分會优先析出,最後僅留下多孔銅殘余物,脫鋅的過程既可是局部的,如在水龍頭底座常發生脫鋅作用,也可是整體的,從整體上影響安裝的整個表面,在一些情況下,腐蝕很嚴重以致導致漏水或破裂,因為多孔銅的機械力度很低. 在一些PH值相對較高的軟性水中去鋅過程中所溶解的鋅將會沉淀析出為鋅鹽,這種叫作“meringue”脫鋅的現象會導致裝置的水道被這大塊腐蝕物部分或全部阻塞.D3達到抗去鋅作用的方法D3.1概述:絕大多數含大約37%鋅的銅合金可達到抗脫鋅效果,方法是: 通過適當控制化學成份或某組化學成份,合適的制程和熱加工(鑄造,鍛造或熱壓等)後的熱處理.銅合金可分為如下兩組:(a) α黃銅(Alpha):這些銅只有α相的微型結構並且如果α相沒有防腐性的話,在含鋅超過15%時易去鋅,此時通常通過加非常少的砷而達到抗脫鋅效果,加砷量應少到不會對人體健康產生危害.這些含有少於35%的鋅的銅,可致冷成形,不需要經過熱處理來提高其去鋅抵抗力,這類防腐蝕的合金抗脫鋅的程度非常高.(b) α-β(雙相)黃銅:這些黃銅都包含α和β相也可包括少量的γ相,α相要求具有防腐性,β相不具有防腐性,為達到抗脫鋅效果,β相的數量和β相晶粒的尺寸應盡可能地保留小些,而這些可通過嚴格控制化學組成因素和制造過程來達到.如必要時,進行熱處理即可取得.注:砷若受鐵,錳或鎂雜質的影響會減弱其防腐性能.D3.2銅合金的熱處理如需要的話,熱處理應在熱加工(如鍛⎦鑄等)後再進行,方法如下:(a) 對於機加成零組件的棒材:對此類棒材通常要先熱處理,根據需要,供應商應給出一個測試証據以証明棒材的質量符合這一標準的要求.(a)對於用於鍛造的棒材:由於鍛造過程的溫度抵消了任何熱處理效果,用於鍛造的棒材通常是處於非熱處理狀態,鍛造者有責任.根據棒材供應商的建議對鍛件進行熱處理,鍛造者可合理地要求棒材供應商提拱測試証明,表明其材料是抗脫鋅銅合金,當根據提供者的建議進行鍛造和熱處理時應能通過標準所專述的抗脫鋅測試,需指出的是一些鍛件是通過把熱鍛件浸入水中淬冷來進行熱處理的.然而要想通過抗脫鋅測試,這類熱處理型的鍛件應有適當的化學組成因素,而且可在合適的溫度中進行淬火.只有仔細的控制才能取得可靠的效果,盡管有專門生產的抗脫鋅銅合金來適應專門的制造過程,但絕大多數α-β銅合金在500℃的溫度下可進行熱處理,經過四小時後再進行空氣冷卻. (c) 對用於鑄件的銅錠:銅錠的組成成分會是砂鑄或壓鑄件生產而發生很大變化,鑄件通常無須熱處理,然而有必要遵守銅錠供應者的建議.α-β銅合金用正確製造和熱處理,可產生一定程度的抗脫鋅能力,且這種抗脫鋅能力並不比具有脫鋅性能的α銅合金小.D4銅焊對抗脫鋅能力的影響:任何在600℃以上進行的銅焊毫無疑問會影響絕大多數銅合金的抗脫鋅能力,因此,避免局部過熱而產生熱節,低溫焊接是可行的.。

AS 4750—2003Australian Standard ™Electrogalvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow and open sectionsAS 4750 a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .This Austra lia n Sta ndard wa s prepared by Committee MT-009, Meta l Finishing. Itwa s a pproved on beha lf of the Council of Sta nda rds Australia on 3 June 2003 a ndpublished on 11 July 2003.The following are represented on Committee MT-009:Australian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryAustralian Industry GroupAustralian Institute of Metal FinishingAustralian Paint Manufacturers AssociationDepartment of DefenceGalvanizers Association of AustraliaInstitute of Materials Engineering AustraliaPowder Coaters AssociationThe Royal Australian Chemical InstituteSociety of Automotive Engineers—AustralasiaTelstra CorporationKeeping Standards up-to-dateSta nda rds a re living documents which reflect progress in science, technology a ndsystems. To ma inta in their currency, a ll Sta nda rds a re periodica lly reviewed, a ndnew editions re published. Between editions, mendments m y be issued.Sta nda rds ma y a lso be withdra wn. It is importa nt tha t rea ders a ssure themselvesthey a re using a current Sta nda rd, which should include a ny a mendments whichmay have been published since the Standard was purchased.Deta iled informa tion a bout Sta nda rds ca n be found by visiting the Sta nda rdsAustra lia web site a t www.sta nda .a u a nd looking up the releva nt Sta nda rdin the on-line catalogue.Alternatively, the printed Catalogue provides information current at 1 January eachyear, and the monthly magazine, The Global Standard , has a full listing of revisionsand amendments published each month.We a lso welcome suggestions for improvement in our Sta nda rds, a nd especia llyencoura ge rea ders to notify us immedia tely of a ny a ppa rent ina ccura cies ora mbiguities. Conta ct us via ema il a t ma il@sta nda .a u, or write to the ChiefExecutive, Sta nda rds Austra lia Interna tiona l Ltd, GPO Box 5420, Sydney, NSW2001.This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 02360 and DR 02361.a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .AS 4750—2003Australian Standard ™Electrogalvanized (zinc) coatings onferrous hollow and open sectionsOriginated as AS 4750(Int)—2000 and AS 4751(Int)—2000.AS 4750(Int)—2000 and AS 4751(Int)—2000 revised, amalgamatedand redesignated as AS 4750—2003.COPYRIGHT© Standards Australia InternationalAll rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by anya f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .AS 4750—2003 2PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Australian members of the J oint StandardsAustralia/Standards New Zealand Committee MT-009, Metal Finishing, to supersedeAS 4750(Int)—2000, Electrogalvniz ed (z inc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections andAS 4751(Int)—2000, Electrogalvaniz ed (z inc) coatings on ferrous open sections . Afterconsultation with stakeholders in both countries, Standards Australia and Standards NewZealand decided to develop this Standard as an Australian Standard rather than anAustralian/New Zealand Standard.Attention is drawn to the fact that these Interim Australian Standards have been combinedby the Committee due to their similar nature so that the new Standard will now coverhollow and open sections.The objective of this Standard is to specify requirements for coatings on ferrous hollow andopen sections, manufactured from electrogalvanized zinc strip as distinct from hot-dipgalvanized strip.There are no International (ISO) Standards that cover these electrogalvanizing processes.Related Standards are AS/NZS 4791, Hot-dip galvaniz ed (z inc) coatings on ferrous opensections, applied by an in-line process and AS/NZS 4792, Hot-dip galvaniz ed (z inc)coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or a specialized process.The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the appendix to which they apply. A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral partof a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance.a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .3 AS 4750—2003CONTENTSPage1 SCOPE (4)2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (4)3 DEFINITIONS (5)4 PROCESS (6)5 APPEARANCE AND FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS................................................6 6 DESIGNATION. (7)7 SELECTION OF TEST SPECIMENS........................................................................7 8 ZINC COATING MASS.............................................................................................7 9 ADHERENCE OF COATING (9)10 WELD COATING (10)APPENDICESA PURCHASING GUIDELINES (11)B MEANS OF DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE WITH THIS STANDARD (12)C GENERAL INFORMATION ON FACTORS THAT AFFECT THECORROSION OF ZINC COATED STEEL (14)D RENOVATION OF DAMAGED AREAS (17)E TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF ELECTROGALVANIZED SECTIONS (18)F DETERMINATION OF COATING MASS AND LOCAL THICKNESS (19)a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .AS 4750—2003 4STANDARDS AUSTRALIAAustralian StandardElectrogalvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow and open sections1 SCOPEThis Standard specifies requirements for the classification, mass, quality and testing of zinc coatings on welded hollow steel sections and on open steel sections produced from electrogalvanized strip.Matters relating to the quality, properties, or dimensional requirements of the basis steel sections are outside the scope of this Standard.NOTES:1 Advice and recommendations on information to be supplied by the purchaser at the time ofenquiry or order are contained in the purchasing guidelines set out in Appendix A.2 Alternative means for determining compliance with this Standard are given in Appendix B.3 For requirements for the basis metal of hollow sections see relevant product Standards, e.g.AS 1074 and AS 1163.4 General information on factors that affect the corrosion of zinc coated steel is given inAppendix C.5 In this Standard, hollow and open sections will be referred to as ‘sections’ unlesscircumstances require clarification.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTSThe following documents are referred to in this Standard:AS1074 Steel tubes and tubulars for ordinary service1163Structural steel hollow sections 1199Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes 1199.0Part 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859 attribute sampling system 1199.1Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection. 2331 Methods of test for metallic and related coatings 2331.1.1 Method 1.1: Local thickness tests—Micrographic examination of cross-sections 2331.1.3 Method 1.3: Local thickness tests—Magnetic method 2331.1.4 Method 1.4: Local thickness tests—Magnetic induction and eddy current methods 2331.2.1 Method 2.1: Tests for average coating mass per unit area or for thickness—Dissolution methods—Strip and weigh, and analytical 2331.2.3 Method 2.3: Tests for average coating mass per unit area or for thickness—Hydrogen evolution method for zinc coatings 2331.3.1 Method 3.1: Corrosion and related property tests—Neutral salt spray (NSS) test 2505 Methods for bend and related testing of metals 2505.1 Method 1: Sheet, strip and plate a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .The remainder of this document is available for purchase online at /shopT h i s i s a f r e e 6 p a g e s a m p l e . A c c e s s t h e f u l l v e r s i o n o n l i n e .AS 4750-2003 Electrogalvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow and open sections。

Dixon (Asia Pacific) Pty Ltd170 Francis Road Wingfield, SA 5013PO Box 2491 Regency Park, SA 5942AustraliaPhone(08) 8202 6000Fax (08) 8202 6099.auABN 35 075 100 239Through it's divisions and affiliated companies, Dixon is recognised as the premier manufacturer and supplier of hose fittings, pipe, valves, specialty mining products and accessories spanning a wide range of industrial uses. Dixon's reach includes products for food, dairy processing, beverage and brewery, mobile tankers, mining,construction, chemical processing, petroleum, oilfields, refining, nuclear and manufacturing.Dixon pays strict attention to the values that have formed the core of its success for decades: unmatched customer service, quality products, and the core values of responsibility, respect, caring, citizenship, trust and fairness.Shoulde r ed Piping Systems and Couplinged Piping Systems and Coupling Guide 2006Guide 200In today’s world of mining and mineral processing, the process of facility design and engineeringmoves at a rapid pace. Fast track construction is often the rule, not the exception. When it comes to piping,The Minsup™ Shouldered Piping System can help you manage those accelerated schedules whilst meeting or exceeding design standards, savingyou money in the process.The range comprises: shouldered pipe, shouldered valves, 2 and 4 bolt couplings, quick release couplings and the new interlock shouldered couplings.3Room 203Building 3, No. 1000 Xiechun Road Jiading DistrictShanghai PRC 201804Phone +86 021 6089 9980Fax+86 021 6992 2177River Place62 Havelock Road Apt #09-07Singapore 169659Phone +65 6693 5977*****************************.au******************************.auDixon Asia Pacific Private Limited6 Union Circuit Yatala QLD 4207Phone (07) 3807 1415Fax(07) 3807 1843Phone• No loose parts. Captive washer on the nut and the bolt is retained in the housing.• Suitable for pressure or vacuum applications. • Single bolt design.• ‘No Pinch’ housing design assures a positive gasket seal. • High pressure applications. • Patented design.• 3 simple steps to assemble freight costs.Housing: SG Iron - ISO 1083:400-250-15 SGI Lever: SG Iron - ISO 1083:400-250-15 SGI Side Plates: 4” & 6” - ISO 1083:400-250-15 SGI Other sizes are pressed mild steel. Gasket: Buna-N Finish: Zinc Plated- Offset Tee - Flanged Adaptor - Blank end - Setting Piece - Y piece - Concentric Reducers - CrossAlso available in theMinsup TM Shouldered Piping System range:Dimensional Characteristics* Australian pipe sizesMaterials: BS 1387:1985 - Standard specifications for screwed and socketed steel tubes and tubulars and for plain end steel tube suitable for welding and for screwing to BS21 pipe threads.Max Working Pressure: 3500 KPaHot Dip Galvanised: Min. 300g/m 2 coverage conforming to AS/NZS 4792 - Hot dipped galvanised (zinc) coating on ferrous hollow section, applied by a continuous or a specialised process.*Working pressure (capacity) as tested to AWWAC606 requirements for grooved and shouldered joints Safety factor of 3:1 on burst pressure.Material: SG iron to ISO 1083:400-250-15 SGI. Bolts & Nuts: Metric; grade 4.6 to AS1112.Working pressure (capacity) as tested to AWWA C606 requirements. Safety factor of 3:11 23Nominal Bore mm 50 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600OD mm 60.3 88.9 114.3 165.1 219.1 273.1 323.9 355.6 406.4 457.0 508.0 609.6Working Pressure MPa psi 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.0 4.0 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6755755755580580260230230230230230230Part #08/048/20/00008/048/20/00208/048/20/00308/048/20/00508/048/20/00608/048/20/00708/048/20/00808/048/20/02008/048/20/02108/048/20/02208/048/20/02308/048/20/024Pipe Size DN Pipe OD (mm) Part # Working PressureMPa PS I 50 80 100 150 20060.3 88.9 114.3 165.1 219.1FKG-502L-65 FKG-502L-88 FKG-502L-114 FKG-502L-165 FKG-502L-2193.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 2.5500 500 500 360 360O . D .Tee (equal)Adaptor ScrewedElbow 45°45°Elbow 90°90°Bolted CouplingQuick Release CouplingInterlock CouplingShouldered Mining PipeFront and Side view of Quick Release CouplingTop and Side view of Bolted CouplingInterlock Coupling and shouldered PipeBSP F x 2” Shouldered 2“ Shouldered x 2” Shouldered BSP F 1” x 2” Shouldered Shoulderd Lever Operated Butterfly Valve Part # 08/048/19/000G 08/048/19/002G 08/048/19/003G 08/048/19/005G 08/048/19/006G2.42.42.42.42.4Working* Pressure MPa NominalBore mm 50 80 100 150 200OD mm 60.3 88.9 114.3 165.1 219.1Quick Release CouplingsMaterial Specifications Material SpecificationsShouldered Piping Systems AccessoriesMinsup Ball Valve / Butterfly ValvesHousing Material Ductile iron to ISO 1083 Bolts High Tensile Finish Electro Galvanised Safety Factor3:1Specifications Shouldered Gate Valve。

Structural Tubular Steel Pipe (CHS), Square Tube (SHS) & Rectangular Tube (RHS)we’ll see it throughOrrcon Steel is a leading distributor and manufacturer of steel, tube and pipe in Australia. Our distribution centres are strategically located in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia providinga national distribution network. This network is complemented by an extensive spread of resellers and stockists in metropolitan and rural Australia.Orrcon Steel offers a wide range of Electric Resistance Welding (ERW) Carbon Steel Structural Tubulars. Our Structural Tubular Products are a significant part of our production and are used across a wide range of structural applications from building structures to major sporting arenas, major mining and industry infrastructure, and for aesthetic structural use such as airports and shipping terminals.Orrcon Steel manufactures and stocks product in size ranges from 25.4mm OD up to 610mm OD circulars, 20mm to400mm squares and 38x25mm to 400x300mm rectangles. Some gauges within this range will be sourced frompre-qualified suppliers which may involve longer lead times. Sizes outside this range are available subjectto enquiry.Structural tubulars, including CHS, SHS and RHSare manufactured to the Australian Standard forstructural steel hollow section AS/NZS 1163 andcover steel grades C250L0,C350L0,C450L0.2 |Structural Tubular SteelHOLLOW SECTION SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Australian Standard AS/NZS 1163 Structural Steel Hollow Sections is the current applicable standard used by the Australian Construction Industry for all steel hollow sections used in any building construction in Australia and New Zealand. The standard embraces some unique testing requirements. These include but are not limited to:a. A ll test pieces for tensile and impact testing shall be cut so that the major axis is in the longitudinal direction.b. A ll test pieces for cold flattening testing shall be cut in the transverse direction.c. F or all tensile and impact testing, the test pieces shall be aged by heating to a temperature between 150° C and 200° C for a period not less than 15 minutes.d. T he mass of a length of hollow section shall not be less than 96% of the specified mass of the nominal section.e. H ollow sections produced by electric resistance welding shall have the external weld upset removed. Circular sections ≥ 168.3 OD are internally scarfed to remove internal weld upset. It is not mandatory to remove the internal weld upset.SURFACE FINISHESA variety of surface finishes are available across thesize range of structural tubulars but not all finishes are available in all sizes. If in doubt please contact your nearest Orrcon Steel office regarding a particular items availability.Current surface finishes include:SMARTCOTE™ – Painted blue/black water based acrylic primer.ALLGAL™ – Electro-galvanised internal and external surface.ALLGAL™ PCQ – Powder coat quality – no tube mark, oiled.Hot Dip Galvanised – Internal and external surface.Oiled – lightly oiled for short term corrosion protection.NOPC – No oil, paint or coating.ADDITIONAL SERVICESProcessing – Orrcon Steel offers processing options including laser tube cutting, pack cutting, pipe threading, shouldering and roll grooving.MINIPAKS® – Easier to handle, store, and transport. Special length MINIPAKS® available ex rolling as per rolling program. Minimum order quantities may apply.Jet Rolling – Rolling of product outside the normal schedule.3 we’ll see it throughQuality ISO 9001Orrcon Operations Pty Ltd ABN 92 094 103 090 Head Office - 121 Evans Road, Salisbury, QLD 4107 Telephone (07) 3274 0500 Facsimile (07) 3274 0517Distributed byAlthough all care has been taken in thepreparation of information in this brochure,Orrcon Operations Pty Ltd cannot acceptliability for errors or omissions, or for the useof this brochure. You should always satisfyyourself as to the accuracy of the information andapplicability to your circumstances.Orrcon Steel Structural Product CatalogueMRK-BRO-CRP-008 Printed June 2011。

AS 4100-1998澳大利亚标准钢结构前言本标准是澳大利亚标准委员会“BD/1，钢结构”为了替代AS 4100—1990而编写的。

本标准的目标是向钢结构设计者提供有关建筑物和其他结构中的钢结构构件（用于承载目的）的规范。

本标准的这一新版本中包括：修正案1号——1992，2号——1993，3号——1995和修订版草案4号（出于公众评论目的而发行）DR 97437。

修订班草案4号并没有作为一个通用文件而单独出版发行。

修正案1号—1992包含下列主要变更：（a）钢材强度符合AS 1163和AS/NZS 1594的要求（表2.1）（b）加强腹板的抗剪弯曲载量（5.11.5.2部分）（c）承载弯曲载量（5.13.4部分）修正案2号—1993包含下列主要变更：（a）弯曲和剪力交互作用的方法（5.12.3部分）（b）中间部分横向腹板加强构件的设计最小面积（5.15.3部分）（c）构件承受组合作用的剖面载量（8.3部分）（d）对接焊缝的强度评估（9.7.2.7部分）（e）疲劳（11部分）修正案3号—1993包含下列主要变更：（a）腹板边缘的抗压承载作用（5.13部分）（b）构件承受组合作用的剖面载量（8.3部分）（c）抗压构件的平面内、外载量（8.4.2.2部分和8.4.41部分）（d）对接焊缝的强度评估（9.7.2.7部分）（e）地震（13部分）修正案4号包含下列主要变更：（a）钢材强度符合AS/NZS 3678、AS/NZS 3679.1和AS/NZS 3679.2的要求（表2.1）（b）紧固件的最小边缘距离（9.6.2部分）（c）容许使用温度，根据钢材类型和厚度（表10.4.1）（d）钢材类型和钢材等级之间的关系（表10.4.4）（e）同心支撑框架的焊接，用于处在地震设计D类和E类作用下的结构（13.3.4.2部分）本标准使用了“标准”和“提供信息用”这两个术语以对附录的适用范围几逆行能够详细说明。

“标准”附录是标准的一个主要组成部分，而“提供信息用”则仅仅是用来提供信息和指导性意见的。

This is a licensed electronic copy of a document where copyright is owned or managed by Standards Australia International.AS 1735.12—1999Australian Standard ™Lifts, escalators and moving walksPart 12: Facilities for persons with disabilities Building Code of Australiaprimary referenced Standard e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee ME/4, Facilities in Lifts for People with Disabilities. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 19 March 1999 and published on 5 May 1999.The following interests are represented on Committee ME/4:Association of Consulting Engineers, Australia Association of Independent Lift Companies Australian Building Codes Board Australian Chamber of Commerce and Industry Australian Elevator Association Department of Industrial Affairs, S.A.Department of Training and Industrial Relations, Qld Institution of Engineers, Australia Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia New Zealand Lifts and Escalator Association Property Council of Australia Victorian WorkCover Authority Work Health Authority, N.T.WorkCover Authority, N.S.W.Workplace Standards Authority, Tas.WORKS Australia Department of Administrative Services WorkSafe Western AustraliaAdditional interests participated in preparation of Standard:ACROD Limited Australian Committee of Independent Living Centres Australian Quadriplegic Association National Federation of Blind Citizens of AustraliaReview of Australian Standards . To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australian Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .AS 1735.12—1999Australian Standard ™Lifts, escalators and moving walksPart 12: Facilities for persons with disabilitiese d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .AS 1735.12—19992PREFACEThis Standard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee ME/4, Lift Installations, to supersede AS 1735.12—1994.This Standard is the result of a consensus among Australian and New Zealand representatives on the Joint Committee to produce it as an Australian Standard.This edition includes technical changes to render the Standard applicable to public buildings only, and compatible with the Building Code of Australia.The term ‘informative’ has been used in this Standard to define the application of the appendix to which it applies. An ‘informative’ appendix is for information and guidance only.© Copyright – STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia.Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively in-house by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia.Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively in-house by the creators of the programs.Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified.The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .3AS 1735.12—1999CONTENTSPageSECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL1.1SCOPE (5)1.1APPLICATION (5)1.2REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (5)1.3DEFINITIONS (5)SECTION 2 LIFT CAR SIZE (6)SECTION 3 CAR FLOORS 3.1SURFACES.................................................................................................................63.2ACCESS TO SAFETY GEAR.....................................................................................6SECTION 4 DOORS 4.1TYPES.........................................................................................................................74.2PASSENGER-PROTECTION SYSTEMS ..................................................................74.3DOOR OPEN DWELL TIME.....................................................................................7SECTION 5 CAR WALLS AND FITTINGS 5.1SURFACES ADJACENT TO CONTROL BUTTONS................................................85.2PROTRUDING EDGES..............................................................................................85.3HANDRAILS..............................................................................................................85.4SEATS.........................................................................................................................9SECTION 6 LEVELLING OF LIFT CARS............................................................................11SECTION 7 CONTROL BUTTONS 7.1PROVISION AT LANDINGS...................................................................................127.2PROVISION IN LIFT CARS....................................................................................127.3LOCATION...............................................................................................................127.4DESIGN....................................................................................................................13SECTION 8 INFORMATION 8.1AUTOMATIC AUDIBLE INFORMATION.............................................................168.2VISIBLE INFORMATION.......................................................................................168.3TACTILE INFORMATION......................................................................................168.4SHAPE OF CHARACTERS......................................................................................168.5INDICATION OF TRAVEL DIRECTION................................................................178.6PROVISION IN LIFT CARS....................................................................................17SECTION 9 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 9.1PROVISION..............................................................................................................199.2ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF COMMUNICATION...................................................199.3LIFT IDENTIFICATION FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM...............................199.4PERMANENTLY ATTENDED LOCATION...........................................................19e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .AS 1735.12—19994PageSECTION 10 LIGHTING10.1COMPLIANCE WITH AS/NZS 1680.0 (20)10.2GENERAL LIGHTING WITHIN LIFT CARS (20)10.3LIGHTING OF LIFT CAR CONTROLS (21)APPENDIX A TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF A LIFT ENTRANCE (22)INDEX (23)e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .5AS 1735.12—1999STANDARDS AUSTRALIAAustralian Standard Lifts, escalators and moving walks Part 12: Facilities for persons with disabilitiesS E C T I O N 1 S C O P E A N D G E N E R A L1.1 SCOPEThis Standard sets out requirements for facilities in passenger lifts that are specifically designed to assist persons with disabilities. It is complementary to AS 1735.1, AS 1735.2and AS 1735.3.Where any conflict arises between Parts of AS 1735, the provisions of this Part shall take precedence.1.1 APPLICATION 1.1.1 General This Standard applies to newly installed lifts in the public access path, in newly constructed lift wells in other than private residences, and for which a building authority having jurisdiction stipulates the provision of facilities for persons with disabilities.1.1.2 Building Code of Australia This Standard will be referenced in the Building Code of Australia (BCA) by way of BCA Amendment No 5 to be published by 1 July 1999, thereby superseding the previous edition,AS 1735.12—1994, which will be withdrawn 12 months from the date of the publication of this edition.1.2 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS The following documents are referred to in this Standard:AS 1259Acoustics—Sound level meters 1259.1Part 1:Non-integrating 1735Lifts, escalators and moving walks 1735.1Part 1:General requirements 1735.2Part 2:Passenger and goods lifts—Electric 1735.3Part 3:Passenger and goods lifts—Electrohydraulic 2659Guide to the use of sound measuring equipment 2659.1Part 1:Portable sound level meters AS/NZS 1680Interior lighting 1680.0Part 0:Safe movement 1.3 DEFINITIONS e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .AS 1735.12—19996S E C T I O N 2 L I F T C A R S I Z EThe minimum lift car internal dimensions shall be 1100 mm wide by 1400 mm deep between the inside of the closed car doors to the inside back wall of the car. In the case of a through entrance car, the 1400 mm depth shall be measured between the inside of closed car doors.The minimum clear width of car door openings shall be not less than 900 mm.S E C T I O N 3 C A R F L O O R S 3.1 SURFACES Any carpet shall have a pile length above the carpet substrate of not more than 6 mm.NOTE: Car floor surfaces should be firm and slip resistant.3.2 ACCESS TO SAFETY GEAR Where Type C safety gear as classified by AS 1735.2 is used, it shall be possible for a lift mechanic to gain access to the release mechanism of the safety gear while the lift car is occupied by a person in a wheelchair.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .7AS 1735.12—1999S E C T I O N 4 D O O R S4.1 TYPESLift car doors and landing doors shall be of the horizontally sliding type, power-operated,and automatically controlled.4.2 PASSENGER-PROTECTION SYSTEMSLift car doors shall be fitted with a passenger-protection system which, while activated, will hold the doors in the open position. The system shall not be nullified by objects with a reflective surface, and shall consist of one of the following:(a)A system comprising a safety shoe fitted to the front edge of the lift car doors,together with a series of beams between the car doors and the landing doors which shall be capable of detecting a 12 mm diameter rod moving at a speed of 0.5 m/s at right angles to both its longitudinal axis and the detection beams of the device at any position for each of the heights 50, 150, 500, and 1000 mm above the level of the upper surface of the lift car door sill NOTE: See Appendix A for a typical arrangement of a lift entrance.(b) A series of beams which shall be able to detect a 75 mm diameter rod at any position across the section of the door opening between 50 mm and 1550 mm above the level of the upper surface of the lift car door sill while the door is within 600 mm of being fully closed In the event of a circuit failure of the passenger-protection system, the doors shall be designed to remain open for not less than 20 s, provided that the kinetic energy of the door will not exceed 3.4 J and an audible warning is sounded in the car as the doors are closing.NOTE: Additional passenger-protection systems may be provided.4.3 DOOR OPEN DWELL TIME When the doors are responding to a landing button, they shall remain fully open for a minimum of 6 s, subject to the variations noted in the remainder of this Clause.Where more than three lifts are installed in line and are arranged interconnected in operation, this dwell time shall be extended to 8 s in the case of the lifts furthermost from the centre of the lift lobby.The door open dwell times may be—(a) shortened by three seconds, if the lift system provides at least three seconds of advanced warning of arrival at the floor; or (b) cancelled by a person or object crossing the lift entrance; or (c) cancelled by the operation of the car door close button or car control button.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .S E C T I O N 5 C A R W A L L S A N D F I T T I N G S5.1 SURFACES ADJACENT TO CONTROL BUTTONSSurfaces (including button coverplates), within 300 mm of car control buttons, that are parallel to the face of the buttons and the button cover plate shall have a finish that reduces glare and reflection.NOTE: Glass surfaces may need special treatment to comply with this requirement.5.2 PROTRUDING EDGESTo prevent injury from accidental contact, edges protruding from the walls shall be rounded or protected, and the ends of handrails directly facing a doorway shall be returned to the wall (see Figure 5.2).Handrails, car-operating panels, seats, and other fittings shall not obstruct or reduce the clear doorway opening to less than the width of the door.5.3 HANDRAILS 5.3.1 Provision of a handrail A handrail shall be provided, which shall have a length of not less than 600 mm additional to—(a) any length of the handrail having a clearance above the handrail of less than 5 mm as permitted by Clause 5.3.2(f); and (b) any length of the handrail having the clearance to the wall filled in as required by Clause 5.3.2(g).The handrail shall be not more than 500 mm from any button or operating device required to be used to operate the lift, as shown in Figure 5.3.2. This requirement shall apply to at least one control panel.5.3.2 Dimensions and location of handrails Handrails shall comply with the following (see Figures 5.3.1 and 5.3.2):(a) The cross-section of handrails shall be circular for not less than 270° around the uppermost surface, with a diameter of not less than 30 mm or more than 50 mm.NOTE: The cross-section of the lowest 90° is optional; however, fully circular cross-sectioned handrails are preferred.(b) Obstructions shall be located not less than 15 mm below the cross-section described by Item (a), as shown in Figure 5.3.1.(c) Exposed edges and corners of handrails shall have a radius of not less than 5 mm.(d) The top of handrails shall be not less than 850 mm nor more than 950 mm above the level of the upper surface of the door sill of the lift car.(e) Handrails shall be securely fixed so that there is no obstruction to the passage of a hand along the grip as specified by Figure 5.3.1, except where it may pass underneath the car control station as permitted by Item (f) and where the handrail may be returned to the wall as required by Item (g).(f)Clearances above the handrail, including clearances to control panels, shall be either less than 5 mm or not less than 100 mm.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .(g) Handrails shall be positioned with clearances to the wall of not less than 50 mm;however, where the end of a handrail is returned towards the wall to comply with Clause 5.2, any clearance of less than 50 mm shall be filled in.5.4 SEATSHinged seats shall not be fitted in lift cars.Fixed seats, where fitted in lift cars, shall not encroach upon the minimum area required by Section 2.FIGURE 5.2 POSITIONS OF HANDRAILS AT DOORWAYSe d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES FIGURE 5.3.1 SHAPE OF HANDRAILSDIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRESFIGURE 5.3.2 POSITION OF HANDRAIL FROM CONTROLSe d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .S E C T I O N 6 L E V E L L I N G O F L I F T C A R SOn the date of the acceptance test, the lift equipment shall be capable of stopping the lift car so that the door sill of the lift car is not more than 12 mm above nor more than 12 mm below the door sill of the landing sill (a 12 mm tolerance on levelling accuracy)—(a)at each landing served;(b)for each direction of travel; and (c) with the lift car empty and with the lift car loaded with its rated load.Automatic relevelling may be used to achieve this tolerance on levelling accuracy.NOTE: The levelling accuracies should be measured as part of the acceptance test. Where the levelling accuracies are within this tolerance on the date of the acceptance test, the lift equipment is deemed to be capable of stopping the lift car within a 12 mm tolerance on levelling pliance with this tolerance on levelling accuracy during the acceptance test establishes that the lift equipment is capable of providing a reasonably accurate floor levelling performance thereafter. Notwithstanding compliance with this tolerance on levelling accuracy during the acceptance test, it is accepted that levelling accuracies may exceed this 12 mm tolerance on occasions during the life of the lift equipment.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .S E C T I O N 7 C O N T R O L B U T T O N S7.1 PROVISION AT LANDINGSEach landing served shall be provided with one or more control buttons to call a lift.Where up and down buttons are provided on a landing, and are not located vertically within 200 mm of each other, a tactile symbol and Braille equivalent shall be provided and shall be located either above or to the left or on the face of the respective button (see Clause 8.3 and Figure 8.4.2(d)).7.2 PROVISION IN LIFT CARS7.2.1 Number of control panelsWhere either the width or depth of the car, as defined in AS 1735.2, is less than 1400 mm,not less than two control panels shall be provided in positions that are accessible, one to the left and one to the right of a person entering the lift car. In other situations, not less than one control panel shall be provided in a position that is accessible, either to the left or to the right of a person entering the lift car.7.2.2 Control buttons on control panels Each control panel required by Clause 7.2.1 shall contain all the buttons required by AS 1735.2, except that–(a) the communication button shall be located at the right-hand end of the lowest row of control buttons as viewed when facing the control panel;(b) the communication button shall be identified by a visible symbol (see Figure 8.4.2(c))located on the button face;(c) the emergency stop button or switch need not be positioned on the above control panels; and (d) where a second control panel is required by Clause 7.2.1, a second stop button is not required.A tactile symbol (see Clause 8.3 and Figure 8.4.2(c)) and Braille equivalent, located above or to the left or on the face of the respective buttons, shall be provided.7.2.3 Key pads Where key pads are provided, they shall be in a standard telephone key pad arrangement and shall be located at a height of 900 mm to 1100 mm from the floor. A tactile dot shall be provided in the centre of the number 5, unless the tactile symbol is on the face of the button. The buttons shall comply with Clause 7.4.7.3 LOCATION 7.3.1 Height above floor The centre of the buttons required by Clause 7.1 shall be not less than 900 mm nor more than 1200 mm above the landing floor.The centre of the front face of any control buttons in lift cars that are required by Clause 7.2.2 and any security operating device shall be located at a height above the car floor of not less than 700 mm nor more than 1250 mm.NOTES:e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .7.3.2 Distance from cornersEach control button required by Clause 7.2 shall be located where it is able to be tangentially touched by a horizontal disc with a radius of 300 mm, where located adjacent to a door entrance, and 400 mm for all other locations. This disc shall not intersect any other object while the lift doors are closed (see Figure 7.3.2).NOTE: The disc does not have to touch the tactile symbols7.3.3 At lift landingsControl buttons shall be located adjacent to the lift entrances and shall not be closer than 500 mm from any internal corner or fixed obstruction (see Clause 7.1).NOTE: Control buttons should not be located on a wall surface that is likely to cause damage to a sliding hand; for example, rough masonry wa7.3.4 Security system operating devicesOperating devices (i.e. key switches or card readers) for security systems shall be located in accordance with the requirements of Clauses 7.3.1, 7.3.2 and 7.3.3.7.4 DESIGN 7.4.1 Operation 7.4.1.1 Movement Control buttons shall require a movement of not less than 0.5 mm and not more than 3 mm,to cause operation of the contact.7.4.1.2 Force The force normal to the centre of the button required to operate each control button shall be not less than 2 N and not more than 5 N. Where tactile symbols are provided on the face of the button, the force required to operate the button shall be not less than 3.5N and not more than 5N.7.4.2 Size The smallest dimension of the face of control buttons shall be not less than 19 mm.7.4.3 Separation The separation between the moving parts of adjacent control buttons shall be not less than 10 mm.7.4.4 Projection The moving part of a control button or its surround shall project not less than 1 mm beyond the face of the control panel excluding any tactile. Where the moving part of the control button is flush with the surround, the surround shall not be more than 10 mm from the edge of the moving part of the button.7.4.5 Surface The face of each control button shall comply with one or more of the following requirements (a) The surface shall be capable of retaining the hemispherical end of a 10 mm diameter timber dowel while the dowel is aligned 20° from normal to the face of the button and axially loaded with a force of 6 N.NOTE: This loading ensures that a timber dowel will not slip off the button while it is operating the button.(b) The surface shall contain a recess that shall be not less than 2 mm deep with rounded corners at the bottom of the recess with a radius not more than 2 mm.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .7.4.6 Edges and cornersThe edges and corners of control buttons shall be smooth and rounded.7.4.7 InclinationThe front face of control buttons, which are required by Clause 7.2, which are centred not less than 900 mm above the car floor, shall be vertical or face upwards with an inclination to the vertical of not more than 15°.The front face of control buttons, which are required by Clause 7.2 and which are centred less than 900 mm above the car floor, shall face upwards with an inclination to the vertical of not less than 15° and not more than 30°.The front face of the control panel need not be inclined.7.4.8 HighlightControl buttons shall contrast with their surrounding surface by one of the following means:(a) Continuous illumination from within the button.(b) A coloured border on or around the button. Such coloured identification shall be at least 3 mm wide around the button, or the button shall be in contrast to the surrounding area, with a luminance factor of not less than 0.3, in contrast to that of the background.7.4.9 Identification of control buttons Control buttons required by Clause 7.2.2, except the stop button and the communication button, shall be identified by—(a) contrasting characters not less than 10 mm high and Braille equivalent, adjacent to or on the button; and (b) tactile characters not less than 12 mm high adjacent to or on the button.NOTE: It is permitted for characters to combine contrast and tactility.e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .FIGURE 7.3.2 PERMITTED POSITIONS OF THE CAR CONTROL BUTTONSe d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .S E C T I O N 8 I N F O R M A T I O N8.1 AUTOMATIC AUDIBLE INFORMATIONFor lifts serving more than 3 floors, automatic audible information, adjustable between 35dB(A) and 55dB(A), shall be provided in the lift car. Each time the lift stops in response to a car call, the floor shall be orally identified in English.For lifts serving 3 floors or less, a tone shall sound when the lift passes or arrives at a floor.8.2 VISIBLE INFORMATIONVisible information shall be given by characters complying with Clause 8.4 and having a luminance factor not less than 0.3, in contrast to that of the background.8.3 TACTILE INFORMATION Tactile information shall comply with the following:(a) The shape of the characters shall comply with Clause 8.4.(b) The nominal thickness of the character outlines or symbols shall be not less than 6 percent or more than 15 percent of the height of the character (see Table 8.3).(c) The spacing between characters shall be not less than twice the thickness of the character outlines.(d) The characters shall protrude not less than 0.8 mm from the background.(e) Any raised borders or protrusions, such as screw heads or other fixing means, shall not protrude more than necessary nor shall they be located within 5 mm of any tactile character or symbol.TABLE 8.3THICKNESS OF CHARACTER OUTLINES millimetres Overall height of character h Thickness of outline of character ≥0.06 h ≤0.15h 1260≥0.72 ≤1.8≥3.6 ≤9.08.4 SHAPE OF CHARACTERS 8.4.1 Numbers and letters Numbers and letters shall be similar in shape to those shown in Figure 8.4.1. The number ‘one’ shall not have any serif that distorts it to such an extent that it could be read as the number ‘seven’.8.4.2 Symbols e d t o Q u e e n s l a n d E l e v a t o r s P t y L t d o n 11 A u g 2003. 1 u s e r p e r s o n a l u s e r l i c e n c e o n l y . S t o r a g e , d i s t r i b u t i o n o r u s e o n n e t w o r k p r o h i b i t e d .。

AS/NZS 1735.18:2002澳大利亚/新西兰标准电梯，自动扶梯和自动人行道第18节：自动控制的私人住宅用乘客电梯前言这个标准是由澳大利亚标准和新西兰标准委员会ME-004共同制定的，电梯安装，用来替代标准AS1735.16-1993，即是：电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道，第16节：采用自动控制的带限制功能的乘客电梯。

制定这个标准的目的是为在私人住宅区安装小型、低速乘客电梯提供帮助。

标准中使用了“提供信息的”这个单词，主要是用来定义所采用的附录的应用场合。

一个“提供信息的”附录只是用来提供信息或者参考。

内容第一节总章1.1 范围 (6)1.2 参考文献 (6)1.3 定义 (7)第二节设计限制2.1 速度 (8)2.2 行程 (8)2.3 额定负载 (8)2.4 轿箱尺寸 (8)2.5 安全因子 (8)第三节材料3.1 概要 (9)3.2 耐久性 (9)第四节驱动机械4.1 概要 (10)4.2 轴及其附属部分 (10)4.3 驱动方向 (10)4.4 手动操作 (10)4.5 设备固定 (10)第五节悬挂及其支撑系统5.1 方式 (12)5.2 钢索 (12)5.3 链条 (15)5.4 齿轮齿条 (15)5.5 螺杆驱动 (15)5.6 液压 (16)第六节井道6.1 支撑结构 (17)6.2 井道封装 (17)6.3 井道表面 (17)6.4 轿箱顶部超行程 (18)6.5 轿箱间隙 (18)6.6 地坑不能超过建筑最底层 (20)第七节导轨7.1 规定 (22)7.2 长度 (22)7.3 导轨及其固定物 (22)7.4 导轨偏移 (22)第八节导轨器8.1 概要 (23)8.2 滚子导轨器 (23)第九节缓冲器9.1 底部缓冲器 (24)9.1 顶部缓冲器 (24)第十节安全钳10.1 规定 (25)10.2 材料 (25)10.3 结构 (25)10.4 执行器 (25)10.5 释放 (25)10.6 性能 (25)第十一节配重块11.1 概要 (26)11.2 防护 (26)第十二节轿箱12.1 框架 (27)12.2 封装 (27)12.3 入口数量 (27)12.4 轿箱入口安全保护 (27)12.5 高度 (28)12.6 轿箱顶 (28)12.7 通风 (28)12.8 抢救手段 (28)12.9 轿箱底防护 (29)第十三节轿厢门13.1 层站门规定 (30)13.2 类型 (30)13.3 宽度 (30)13.4 高度 (30)13.5 建造 (30)13.6 开门力 (30)13.7 层站门自锁 (30)13.8 门铰链上光 (31)第十四节门锁和门开关14.1 轿箱 (32)14.2 停层 (32)第十五节控制装置15.1 位置 (34)15.2 操作控制按钮 (34)15.3 可逆型接触器 (34)15.4 操作回路 (34)15.5 防爬调平装置 (35)15.6 轿箱入口阻碍物传感器控制器 (35)第十六节电气16.1 电源 (36)16.2 配线 (36)16.3 回路制动器或开关 (36)16.4 门锁回路 (37)16.5 电机防护 (37)16.6 停层开关 (37)16.7 限位开关 (38)16.8 反相继电器 (38)16.9 安全钳开关 (38)16.10钢索或链条开关 (38)16.11井道挡板开关 (38)16.12安全阀测试电闸 (39)16.13地坑停层开关 (39)16.14滑轮或平台停止开关 (39)16.15闭锁装置开关 (39)16.16支撑螺母安全开关 (39)第十七节照明17.1 常用照明 (40)17.2 紧急照明 (40)17.3 地坑和顶部照明 (40)17.4 控制设备照明 (40)第十八节通讯18.1 规定 (41)18.2 可到达性 (41)18.3 电话系统 (41)18.4 声音报警 (41)第十九节公告19.1 载重牌 (42)19.2 标示牌 (42)19.3 紧急指示 (42)附录A 维修保养 (43)B 电梯类型选择指南 (44)澳大利亚/新西兰标准电梯，自动扶梯和自动人行道第18节：自动控制的私人住宅用乘客电梯第一节总章1.1 范围这个标准是特别为安装在私人住宅区的自动控制的小型低速乘客电梯制定的，定义在标准AS 1735.1中。

SECTION 11.1范围：本标准规定了插头和插座必须的安全要求，为了在低压或超低电压的家用电器或类似的用途（超底压的插头插座见附录E）。

本标准不能用于以下：（a）、家用电器或类似用途的工具连接器（见标准AS3109.1）（b）、在安装电线系统用的插头插座（c）、工业用的插头插座和连接器1.2应用1.2.1标准AS 3100的一般要求：本标准应与AS3100 标准结合阅读，AS3100标准的适当的规定用于插头插座的结构及正常输送电流部分的绝缘和安全保护。

1.2.2 本标准的规定要求：如果插头插座满足所有的适当的要求及通过于此指定的相关的测试该插头插座被认为是符合标准。

注释：插头、插座和标准AS3123中指定的类型的接合保留方式的连接器、或类似的不须要遵从这个标准的所有通用尺寸要求，而且零件的安全功能不能被削弱。

在适当的地方应用与指定的插柱外形有关的尺寸1.3参考文件：本标准参考下列文件：（略）1.4定义：为了本标准的目的，AS3100及下列术语的定义被应用1.4.1不可再接线的插头：软电线电缆和插头形成一个整体（带线插头）（a）、软电线电缆不能与起固定作用的零件分离；或着（b）、软电线电缆不能被手或被用于一般用途的工具所代替1.4.2插头：1.4.3可接线插头1.4.4插座SECTION 2 PLUGS2.1端点和内部连接2.1.1材料：接线端和内在的连接，主要为了输送电流应是有足够的硬度和刚性且抗腐蚀的金属材料。

2.1.2接线端的结构：接线端应有适当的尺寸和形状以与插头标示的电流相应的导电能力的电线的导体相适应。

在导体被放在接线端螺丝钉的胫的周围和被夹在螺丝钉头部的下面的地方，应提供防止导体或导体束的滑动或摆动的工具，应用以下的要求：（a）、当接线端的螺丝钉被拧进螺纹的极限时，螺丝钉头部和垫圈或导体保持力的其它方法之间的距离≤0.4mm。

（b）、螺丝钉应有足够的长度能从垫圈或导体保持力的其它方法完全退出，这样导体可以容易的放在胫的周围。

STANDARDS USED BY ELECTRICAL REGULATORY AUTHORITIES FOR TYPE TESTING OF PRODUCTSTYPE OF PRODUCT STANDARDAerial amplifier AS/NZS 60065Air cleaner AS/NZS 3350.2.65 or AS/NZS 60335.2.65 Air conditioner AS/NZS 3350.2.40 or AS/NZS 60335.2.40 Air curtain AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Appliance connector AS/NZS 60320.1Appliance inlet socket AS/NZS 60320.1Aquarium heater AS/NZS 3350.2.55 or AS/NZS 60335.2.55 Aquarium pump AS/NZS 3350.2.41 or AS/NZS 60335.2.41 Arc welding machine AS/NZS 3195Audio appliances AS/NZS 60065Autoclave AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Ballast (electronic) AS/NZS 61347.2.3Ballast (conventional) AS/NZS 61347.2.8Barbecue (outdoor) AS/NZS 3350.2.78 or AS/NZS 60335.2.78 Battery charger (automotive) AS/NZS 3350.2.29 or AS/NZS 60335.2.29 Battery charger (general) AS/NZS 3350.2.29 or AS/NZS 60335.2.29 orAS/NZS 60950Battery charger (industrial, transformer type) AS/NZS 61558Bayonet lampholder adaptor AS 3119Bayonet lampholder—15 or 22 mm AS 3117Beauty therapy equipment AS/NZS 60335.1Bell (alarm) AS/NZS 3100Beverage dispenser AS/NZS 3350.2.75 or AS/NZS 60335.2.75 Blanket AS/NZS 3350.2.17 or AS/NZS 60335.2.17 Blower (garden use) AS/NZS 60335.2.100Bread toaster/Breadmaker AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9 Business equipment AS/NZS 60950Bustrack system AS/NZS 3100Cable thermoplastic (for fixed wiring) AS/NZS 5000.1 and AS/NZS 5000.2 Capacitor for discharge lamps AS 2644Cash register AS/NZS 60950Ceiling rose AS 3113Chair (motorized) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Chair (massage) AS/NZS 3350.2.32 or AS/NZS 60335.2.32Circuit-breaker (not miniature) AS 3947.2 or AS 2184Circuit-breaker (miniature) AS 3111 or AS/NZS 60898.1 or AS/NZS 61009.1 Circular saw (portable) AS/NZS 60745-2-5Clock AS/NZS 3350.2.26 or AS/NZS 60335.2.26Clipper (animal) AS/NZS 3350.2.8 or AS/NZS 60335.2.8Clothes dryer (rotary) AS/NZS 3350.2.11 or AS/NZS 60335.2.11Clothes dryer (cabinet) AS/NZS 3350.2.43 or AS/NZS 60335.2.43Coffee percolator AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15Compact fluorescent lamp ballast (electronic) AS 61347.2.3Compact fluorescent lamp ballast (conventional) AS 61347.2.8Compressor (refrigerant) AS/NZS 3350.2.34 or AS/NZS 60335.2.3460950 Computer AS/NZS Condenser (air cooled) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Conditioning device (portable) AS/NZS 3197Conduits and fittings AS/NZS 2053Connector (appliance) AS/NZS 60320.1Connector (fixed wiring) AS/NZS 3131Connector (industrial) AS/NZS 3123Control device (portable) AS/NZS 3197Controls (automatic) AS/NZS 3161 (for thermostats)Cooking appliance (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9Cooking appliance (portable, liquid) AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15Copying machines AS/NZS 60950Cord extension socket AS/NZS 3120Cord (supply flexible) AS/NZS 3191Cord-line switch AS 3127Cord-line trimmer AS/NZS 60745Data handling equipment AS/NZS 60950Decorative lighting outfit AS/NZS 60598.2.20Deep fryer AS/NZS 3350.2.13 or AS/NZS 60335.2.13 Dehumidifier AS/NZS 3350.2.40 or AS/NZS 60335.2.40 Dishwasher (commercial) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Dishwasher (domestic) AS/NZS 3350.2.5 or AS/NZS 60335.2.5Dispensing machine AS/NZS 3350.2.75 or AS/NZS 60335.2.75Display cabinet (illuminated) AS/NZS 60598.1Door opener AS/NZS 3350.2.95 or AS/NZS 60335.2.95Drill (handheld) AS/NZS 60745.2.1Duct heaters AS 3102Ducted skirting AS/NZS 42964296 Ducting AS/NZS Edge trimmer AS/NZS 3350.2.91 or AS/NZS 60335.2.91Edison screw lampholder AS 3140Enclosure for Switchgear or controlgear AS/NZS 3439.3Fabric steamer AS/NZS 3350.2.85 or AS/NZS 60335.2.85Facsimile machine AS/NZS 60950Fan AS/NZS 3350.2.80 or AS/NZS 60335.2.80Fence energizer AS/NZS 3350.2.76 or AS/NZS 60335.2.76Fixed wiring connector AS/NZS 3131Flexible heating pad AS/NZS 3350.2.17 or AS/NZS 60335.2.17Flexible cord (for supply) AS/NZS 3191Floodlight (fixed) AS/NZS 60598.2.1Floor sander (commercial) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Floor polisher/scrubber AS/NZS 3350.2.10 or AS/NZS 60335.2.10Floor lamp AS/NZS 3128* or AS/NZS 60598.2.4Fluorescent lamp ballast (electronic) AS/NZS61347.2.361347.2.8Fluorescent lamp ballast (conventional) AS/NZSFluorescent lamp starter (glow) AS/NZS 60155Food mixer/processor (commercial) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Food preparation appliance (household) AS/NZS 3350.2.14 or AS/NZS 60335.2.1460335.2.89Food refrigeration cabinets (commercial) AS/NZSFood waste disposers AS/NZS 3350.2.16 or AS/NZS 60335.2.16 Freezer AS/NZS 3350.2.24 or AS/NZS 60335.2.24 Frypan AS/NZS 3350.2.13 or AS/NZS 60335.2.13 Gaming machine (electronic) AS/NZS 60950Garment/fabric steamers AS/NZS 3350.2.85 or AS/NZS 60335.2.85 General purpose outlet AS/NZS 3112Glasswasher (commercial) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Glue gun AS/NZS 3350.2.45 or AS/NZS 60335.2.45 Griller (commercial) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Griller (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9 Grinder (portable) AS/NZS 60745.2.3Hair dryer (helmet type) AS/NZS 3350.2.23 or AS/NZS 60335.2.23 Hair dryer (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.23 or AS/NZS 60335.2.23 Hair care appliances AS/NZS 3350.2.23 or AS/NZS 60335.2.23 Hair clipper AS/NZS 3350.2.8 or AS/NZS 60335.2.8 Hand dryer AS/NZS 3350.2.23 or AS/NZS 60335.2.23 Handlamp (inspection) AS/NZS 60598.2.8Heat pump AS/NZS 3350.2.40 or AS/NZS 60335.2.40 Heater (duct type) AS 3102Heater (room) AS/NZS 3350.2.30 or AS/NZS 60335.2.30 Heater (sauna) AS/NZS 3350.2.53 or AS/NZS 60335.2.53 Heater (thermal storage) AS/NZS 3350.2.61 or AS/NZS 60335.2.61 Heating pad (flexible) AS/NZS 3350.2.17 or AS/NZS 60335.2.17 Heating tool AS/NZS 3350.2.45 or AS/NZS 60335.2.45 Hedge clipper AS/NZS 60745.2.15Hi-Fi equipment AS/NZS 60065High pressure water cleanerAS/NZS 3350.2.79 or AS/NZS 60335.2.79 (commercial/industrial)Hob AS/NZS 3350.2.6 or AS/NZS 60335.2.6 Hot dog steamer AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15 Hotplate (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9 Hotplate unit (hob) AS/NZS 3350.2.6 or AS/NZS 60335.2.6 Humidifier AS/NZS 3350.2.98 or AS/NZS 60335.2.98Immersion heater (fixed) AS/NZS 3350.2.73 or AS/NZS 60335.2.73 Immersion heater (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.74 or AS/NZS 60335.2.74 Industrial plugs and sockets AS/NZS 3123Information technology equipment AS/NZS 60950Infra-red motion sensor luminaire AS/NZS 60598.2.1Infra-red therapeutic lamp AS/NZS 3350.2.27 or AS/NZS 60335.2.27 Insect repellent device (vaporiser) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Insect electrocutor AS/NZS 3350.2.59 or AS/NZS 60335.2.59 Inspection handlamp AS/NZS 60598.2.8Ironing press AS/NZS 3350.2.44 or AS/NZS 60335.2.44 Iron AS/NZS 3350.2.3 or AS/NZS 60335.2.3 Jigsaw AS/NZS 60745.2.11Jug AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15 Kettle AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15 Kitchen machine AS/NZS 3350.2.14 or AS/NZS 60335.2.14 Laboratory equipment AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Lampholder (BC 15 or 22 mm) AS/NZS 3117Lampholder adaptor (BC to any) AS/NZS 3119Lampholder (ES 14 or 27 mm) AS/NZS 3140Lawn care appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.91 or 3350.2.92 or AS/NZS60335.2.91 or 60335.2.92Lawnmower AS/NZS 3350.2.77 or AS/NZS 60335.2.77 Light fitting (fixed) AS/NZS 60598.2.1Light fitting (portable) AS/NZS 3128* or AS/NZS 60598.2.4 Lighting transformer AS/NZS 61046Lights (Christmas tree) AS/NZS 60598.2.20Lights (decorative) AS/NZS 60598.2.20Line or flexible blade trimmer AS/NZS 3350.2.91 or AS/NZS 60335.2.91 Liquid heating appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15 Luminaire (fixed) AS/NZS 60598.2.1Luminaire (motion sensing) AS/NZS 60598.2.1Luminaire (portable) AS/NZS 3128* or AS/NZS 60598.2.4 Massage appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.32 or AS/NZS 60335.2.32Microfilm reader AS/NZS 60950Microwave oven AS/NZS 3350.2.25 or AS/NZS 60335.2.25 Miniature overcurrent circuit-breaker AS 3111 or AS/NZS 60898.1 or AS/NZS 61009.1 Monitor (computer) AS/NZS 60950Motion sensing luminaire AS/NZS 60598.2.1Motor operated appliance (not otherwise listed) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Moulded case circuit-breaker (non-domestic) AS 2184 or AS 3947.2Office equipment AS/NZS 60950Office partition/work station AS 3100Oral hygiene appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.52 or AS/NZS 60335.2.52Outlet device (portable) AS/NZS 3105Outlet device (integral pins) AS/NZS 3122Oven (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9Oven AS/NZS 3350.2.6 or AS/NZS 60335.2.6Pest controller (electronic) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.160950 Photocopier AS/NZS Planer (portable) AS/NZS 60745.2.14Plug (domestic) AS/NZS 3112Plug (industrial) AS/NZS 3123Plug (appliance) AS/NZS 60320.1Plug pack (electronic) AS/NZS 60950 or AS/NZS 61558.2.17 (& AS/NZS3112 App J)Plug pack (transformer)—general use AS/NZS 61558.2.8 (& AS/NZS 3112 AppJ)Plugs and sockets for installations AS/NZS 3131Point of sale terminal AS/NZS 60950Pool equipment AS/NZS 3136Power supply (electronic) AS/NZS 61558.2.17 or AS/NZS 60950Power supply (transformer)—general use AS/NZS 61558.2.6Pressure cleaner AS/NZS 3350.2.79 or AS/NZS 60335.2.79Printer (computer) AS/NZS 60950Projector (video type) AS/NZS 60065Projector (data type) AS/NZS 60950Projector (overhead, film or slide type) AS/NZS 3350.2.56 or AS/NZS 60335.2.56Pump (aerosol type) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Pump (aquarium) AS/NZS 3350.2.41 or AS/NZS 60335.2.41Pump AS/NZS 3350.2.41 or AS/NZS 60335.2.41Pump (swimming pool or spa) AS/NZS 3350.2.41 or AS/NZS 60335.2.41Range AS/NZS 3350.2.6 or AS/NZS 60335.2.6Range hood AS/NZS 3350.2.31 or AS/NZS 60335.2.31Razor AS/NZS 3350.2.8 or AS/NZS 60335.2.8Refrigerant recovery unit AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1Refrigerated food cabinets (commercial) AS/NZS 60335.2.89Refrigerator AS/NZS 3350.2.24 or AS/NZS 60335.2.24Residual current devices (portable) AS 3190Residual current devices (fixed) AS 3190 or AS/NZS 61009.1Rice cooker AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15Roaster AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9Room heater AS/NZS 3350.2.30 or AS/NZS 60335.2.30Room heater (storage type) AS/NZS 3350.2.61 or AS/NZS 60335.2.61Router (portable) AS/NZS 60745.2.17Sander (portable) AS/NZS 60745.2.4Saucepan (portable) AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15Sauna heating appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.53 or AS/NZS 60335.2.53Saw (portable/sabre) AS/NZS 60745.25Scales (electronic) AS/NZS 6095060745.2.2 Screwdriver AS/NZSSewing machine AS/NZS 3350.2.28 or AS/NZS 60335.2.28Shaver AS/NZS 3350.2.8 or AS/NZS 60335.2.8Shaver supply unit AS/NZS 3194Skin care appliance AS/NZS 3350.2.23 or AS/NZS 60335.2.23Smoke detector AS/NZS 3100Socket (cord extension) AS/NZS 3120Socket-outlet adaptor AS/NZS 31223112 Socket-outlet AS/NZSSocket-outlet (industrial) AS/NZS 3123Soldering iron AS/NZS 3350.2.45 or AS/NZS 60335.2.45 Spa pool equipment AS/NZS 3136Spin extractor AS/NZS 3350.2.4 or AS/NZS 60335.2.4 Starter (glow) AS/NZS 60155Starter (electronic) AS/NZS 61347-2-1Supply flexible cord AS/NZS 3191Surface cleaners using liquids AS/NZS 3350.2.54 or AS/NZS 60335.2.54 Swimming pool equipment AS/NZS 3136Switch (component) AS/NZS 61058.1Switch (cord line) AS 3127Switch (for lights or GPO) AS 3133Switch (appliance) AS/NZS 61058.1Switch (wall) AS 3133Switch (non-domestic) AS 3947.3Switchboard (non-domestic) AS 3439Switchgear enclosure AS 3439.3Table lamp AS/NZS 3128* or AS/NZS 60598.2.4 Television receiver AS/NZS 60065Therapeutic lamp AS/NZS 3350.2.27 or AS/NZS 60335.2.27 Thermostat (component) AS/NZS 3161Tile cutter (fixed) AS/NZS 3350.1 or AS/NZS 60335.1 Time switch AS/NZS 3100Toaster (bread) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9 Toaster oven (benchtop) AS/NZS 3350.2.9 or AS/NZS 60335.2.9 Tool—Portable type AS/NZS 60745.1Toothbrush AS/NZS 3350.2.52 or AS/NZS 60335.2.52 Touch dimmer AS/NZS 3100 or IEC 60669-2-1Towel rail AS/NZS 3350.2.43 or AS/NZS 60335.2.43 Traffic lantern AS/NZS 3100Traffic controller AS/NZS 3100Transformer (component) AS/NZS 61558Transformer (isolating) AS/NZS 61558.2.6Typewriter (electronic) AS/NZS 60950Ultraviolet therapeutic lamp AS/NZS 3350.2.27 or AS/NZS 60335.2.27 Urn AS/NZS 3350.2.15 or AS/NZS 60335.2.15 Vacuum cleaner AS/NZS 3350.2.2 or AS/NZS 60335.2.2 Vending machine AS/NZS 3350.2.75 or AS/NZS 60335.2.75 Video cassette recorder AS/NZS 60065Video equipment AS/NZS 60065Wall switch AS 3133Warming plate AS/NZS 3350.2.12 or AS/NZS 60335.2.12 Washing machine AS/NZS 3350.2.7 or AS/NZS 60335.2.7 Water bed heater AS/NZS 3350.2.66 or AS/NZS 60335.2.66 Water cooler AS/NZS 3350.2.75 or AS/NZS 60335.2.75 Water heater (instantaneous) AS/NZS 3350.2.35 or AS/NZS 60335.2.35 Water heater (storage) AS/NZS 3350.2.21 or AS/NZS 60335.2.21 Water suction cleaner AS/NZS 3350.2.2 or AS/NZS 60335.2.2 Welding machine (gas shielded) AS/NZS 3195Welding machine (arc) AS/NZS 3195Wok AS/NZS 3350.2.13 or AS/NZS 60335.2.13。

Australian Standard®澳大利亚标准®Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders — Design, construction and installation固定平台、走道、楼梯与梯子的设计、施工与安装This Australian Standard was prepared by Committee SF/13, Platforms, Gangways, Stairways and Ladders. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 9 September 1992 and published on 16 November 1992.本《澳大利亚标准》是由SF/13平台、通道、楼梯与梯子委员会编制的。

1992年9月经澳大利亚标准委员会通过，1992年11月16日出版。

The following interests are represented on Committee SF/13:SF/13委员会由以下单位参加：Aluminium Development Council铝业发展委员会Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia澳大利亚钢铁制造局Confederation of Australian Industry澳大利亚工业联合会Department of Employment, Vocational Education, Training and Industrial Relations, Qld昆士兰州就业、职业教育、培训与劳资关系部Department of Labour and Industry, Tas.塔斯马尼亚州劳工部Master Builders建筑商协会Construction and Housing Association of Australia澳大利亚建筑与住房协会Pacific Power太平洋电力公司Public Works Department, N.S.W.新南威尔士州公共工程部Royal Australian Institute of Architects皇家澳大利亚建筑师协会Water Board, Sydney-Illawarra-Blue Mountains水理事会，悉尼-伊拉瓦拉-蓝山流域WorkCover Authority of New South Wales新南威尔州工伤保险局Review ofAustralian Standards. To keep abreast ofprogress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto.澳大利亚标准的评审。