unit10 preamble of a contract(2)

Unit 10 Contract Writing 合同写作---Define and understand various legal terms around a contract.定义和理解合同上的各种各样的法律条款。

---Define and understand the basic elements of a contract. 定义和理解合同的基本构成成分。

---Define and understand how to manage a contracting business for success.定义并理解如何成功地管理商业合同。

---Know how to draft better contract clauses. 知道如何更好地制定合同条款。

---Identify, define and solve various problems arisen during the entire life of a contract.识别、界定以及解决各种出现在整个合同寿命期间的问题。

Many business transactions involve commitments to furnish goods, services, or real property. These commitments are usually in the form of a contract---a statement of the agreement creating legally enforceable obligations between two or more competent, consenting parties. 许多商业交易涉及提供货物的承诺、服务、或不动产。

这些承诺通常是以合同的形式---一份在两个或更多的有能力双方同意的当事人之间创造的有法律约束力义务的协议声明。

Contracts are used in commercial and industrial situations for two primary purposes: (1) to create a work relationship with your business partner based on the recordings of the terms of the agreement between reached, and (2) to protect the legitimate interests of those contracting parties.合同用于商业和工业的情况下有两个主要目的:(1)在达成协议条款的基商业伙伴创造一个工作关系,(2)保护合同当事人的合法权益。

CONTENTS目录1General Provisions一般规定 (1)1.1Definitions定义 (1)1.2Interpretation解释 (7)1.3Communications通信交流 (7)1.4Law and Language法律和语言 (8)1.5Priority of Document文件优先次序 (8)1.6Contract Agreement合同协议书 (9)1.7Assignment权益转让 (9)1.8Care and Supply of Document文件的照管和提供 (9)1.9Confidentiality保密性 (10)1.10Employ er’s Use of Contractor’s Documents雇主使用承包商文件 (10)1.11Contractor’s Use of Employer’s Documents承包商使用雇主文件 (11)1.12Confidential Details保密事项 (11)1.13Compliance with Laws遵守法律 (11)1.14Joint and Several Liability共同的和各自的责任 (12)2The Employer雇主 (12)2.1Right of Access to the Site现场进入权 (13)2.2Permits, Licences or Approves许可、执照或批准 (14)2.3Employer’s personnel雇主人员 (14)2.4Employer’s Financial Arrangements雇主的资金安排 (15)2.5Employer’s Claims雇主的索赔 (15)3The Employer’s Administration雇主的管理 (16)3.1The Employer’s Representative雇主代表 (16)3.2The Employer’s personnel其他雇主人员 (16)3.3Delegated Persons受托人员 (17)3.4Instructions指示 (17)3.5Determinations确定 (18)4The Contractor承包商 (18)4.1The Contractor’s General Obligations承包商的一般义务 (18)4.2Performance security履约担保 (19)4.3Contractor’s Representative承包商代表 (20)4.4Subcontractors分包商 (21)4.5Nominated Subcontractors指定的分包商 (22)4.6Co-operation合作 (22)4.7Setting out放线 (23)4.8Safety procedures安全程序 (23)4.9Quality Assurance质量保证 (24)4.10Site Data现场数据 (24)4.11Sufficiency of the Contract Price合同价格 (25)4.12Unforeseeable Difficulties不可预见的困难 (25)4.13Rights of way and Facilities道路通行权于设施 (26)4.14Avoidance of Interference避免干扰 (26)4.15Access Route进场通路 (26)4.16Transport of Goods货物运输 (27)4.17Contractor’s Equipment承包商设备 (28)4.18Protection of the Environment环境保护 (28)4.19Electricity, Water and Gas电、水和燃气 (28)4.20Employer’s Equipment and Free-Issue Material雇主设备和免费供应的材料 (29)4.21Progress Reports进度报告 (30)4.22Security of the Site现场保安 (31)4.23Contractor’s Operations on Site承包商的现场作业 (31)4.24Fossils化石 (32)5Design设计 (33)5.1General Design Obligations设计义务一般要求 (33)5.2Contractor’s Documents承包商文件 (34)5.3Contractor’s Undertaking承包商的承诺 (35)5.4Technical Standards and Regulations技术标准和法规 (35)5.5Training培训 (36)5.6As-Built Documents竣工文件 (36)5.7Operation and Maintenance Manuals操作和维修手册 (37)5.8Design Error设计错误 (37)6Staff and Labour员工 (38)6.1Engagement of Staff and Labour员工的雇用 (38)6.2Rates of Wages and Conditions of Labour工资标准和劳动条件 (38)6.3Persons in the Service of Employer为雇主服务的人员 (38)6.4Labour Laws劳动法 (38)6.5Working Hours工作时间 (39)6.6Facilities for Staff and Labour为员工提供设施 (39)6.7Health and Safety健康和安全 (39)6.8Contractor’s Superintendence承包商的监督 (40)6.9Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员 (40)6.10Records of contractor’s Personnel and Equipment承包商人员和设备的记录 (41)6.11Disorderly Conduct无序行为 (41)7Plant, Materials and Workmanship生产设备、材料和工艺 (42)7.1Manner of Execution实施方法 (42)7.2Samples样品 (42)7.3Inspection检验 (42)7.4Testing试验 (43)7.5Rejection拒收 (44)7.6Remedial Work修补工作 (45)7.7Ownership of Plant and Materials生产设备和材料的所有权 (45)7.8Royalties土地(矿区)使用费 (46)8Commencement,Delays and Suspension开工、延误和暂停 (46)8.1Commencement of Works工程的开工 (46)8.2Time for Completion竣工时间 (47)8.3Programme进度计划 (47)8.4Extension of Time for Completion竣工时间延长 (48)8.5Delays Caused by Authorities当局造成的延误 (49)8.6Rate of Progress工程进度 (49)8.7Delay Damages误期损害赔偿费 (50)8.8Suspension of Work暂时停工 (50)8.9Consequences of Suspension暂停的后果 (51)8.10Payment for Plant and Materials in Event of Suspension暂停时对生产设备和材料的付款 (51)8.11Prolonged Suspension托长的暂停 (52)8.12Resumption of Work复工 (52)9Tests on Completion竣工试验 (52)9.1Contractor’s Obligations承包商的义务 (52)9.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (54)9.3Retesting重新试验 (54)9.4Failure to Pass Tests on Completion未能通过竣工试验 (54)10Employer’s Taking Over雇主的接收 (55)10.1Taking Over of the Works and Sections工程和分项工程的接收 (55)10.2Taking Over of Parts of the Works部分工程的接收 (56)10.3Interference with Tests on Completion对竣工试验的干扰 (56)11Defects Liability缺陷责任 (57)11.1Completion of Outstanding Work and Remedying Defects完成扫尾工作和修补缺陷 (57)11.2Cost of Remedying Defects修补缺陷的费用 (58)11.3Extension of Defects Notification Period缺陷通知期的延长 (58)11.4Failure to Remedy Defects未能修补的缺陷 (59)11.5Removal of Defective Work移出有缺陷的工程 (60)11.6Further Tests进一步试验 (60)11.7Right of Access进入权 (60)11.8Contractor to Search承包商调查 (60)11.9Performance Certificate履约证书 (61)11.10Unfulfilled Obligations未履行的义务 (61)11.11Clearance of Site现场清理 (62)12Tests after Completion竣工后试验 (62)12.1Procedure for Tests after Completion竣工后试验的程序 (62)12.2Delayed Tests延误的试验 (63)12.3Retesting重新试验 (64)12.4Failure to Pass Tests after Completion未能通过的竣工后试验 (64)13Variations and Adjustments变更和调整 (65)13.1Right to V ary变更权 (65)13.2V alue Engineering价值工程 (66)13.3V ariation Procedure变更程序 (66)13.4Payment in Applicable Currencies以适用货币支付 (67)13.5Provisional Sums暂列金额 (67)13.6Daywork计日工作 (68)13.7Adjustments for Changes in Legislation因法律改变的调整 (69)13.8Adjustments for Changes in Cost因成本改变的调整 (69)14Contract price and Payment合同价格和支付 (70)14.1The Contract Price合同价格 (70)14.2Advance payment预付款 (70)14.3Application for Interim Payments期中付款的申请 (71)14.4Schedule of Payments付款价格表 (72)14.5Plant and Materials intended for the Works拟用于工程的生产设备和材料 (73)14.6Interim Payments期中付款 (74)14.7Timing of Payments付款的时间安排 (74)14.8Delayed Payment延误的付款 (75)14.9Payment of Retention Money保留金支付 (75)14.10Statement at Completion施工报表 (76)14.11Application for Final Payment最终付款的申请 (77)14.12Discharge结清证明 (77)14.13Final Payment最终付款 (78)14.14Cessation of Employer’s Liability雇主责任的中止 (78)14.15Currencies of Payment支付的货币 (78)15Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (79)15.1Notice to Correct通知改正 (80)15.2Termination by Employer由雇主终止 (80)15.3V aluation at Date of Termination终止日期时的估价 (82)15.4Payment after Termination终止后的付款 (82)15.5Employer’s Entitlement to Termination雇主终止的权利 (82)16Suspension and ter mination by Contracto r由承包商暂停和终止 (83)16.1Contractor’s Entitlement to Suspend Work承包商暂停工作的权利 (83)16.2Termination by Contractor由承包商终止 (84)16.3Cessation of Work and Removal of Contractor’s Equipment停止工作和承包商设备的撤离 (85)16.4Payment on Termination终止时的付款 (85)17Risk and Responsibility风险和职责 (86)17.1Indemnities保障 (86)17.2Contractor’s Care of the Works承包商对工程的照管 (87)17.3Employer’s Risks雇主的风险 (88)17.4Consequence of Employer’s Risks雇主风险的后果 (88)17.5Intellectual and Industrial Property Rights知识产权和工业产权 (89)17.6Limitation of Liability责任限度 (90)18Insurance保险 (91)18.1General Requirements for Insurances有关保险的一般要求 (91)18.2Insurance for Works and Contractor’s Equipmen t工程和承包商设备的保险 (93)18.3Insurance against Injury to Persons and Damage to Property人身伤害和财产损害险 (95)18.4Insurance for Contractor’s Personnel承包商人员的保险 (96)19Force Majeure不可抗力 (96)19.1Definition of Force Majeure不可抗力的定义 (96)19.2Notice of Force Majeure不可抗力的通知 (97)19.3Duty to Minimise Delay将延误减至最小的义务 (98)19.4Consequences of Force Majeure不可抗力的后果 (98)19.5Force Majeure Affecting Subcontractor不可抗力影响分包商 (99)19.6Optional Termination, Payment and Release自主选择终止、支付和解除 (99)19.7Release from Performance under the Law根据法律解除履约 (100)20Claims, Disputes and Arbitration索赔、争端和仲裁 (100)20.1Contractor’s Claims承包商的索赔 (100)20.2Appointment of the Dispute Adjudication Board争端裁决委员会的任命 (102)20.3Failure to Agreement Dispute Adjudication Board对争端裁决委员会未能取得一致时 (104)20.4Obtaining Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision取得争端裁决委员会的决定 (104)20.5Amicable Settlement友好解决 (106)20.6Arbitration仲裁 (106)20.7Failure to Comply with Dispute Adjudication Board’s Decision未能遵守争端裁决委员会的决定 (107)20.8Expiry of Dispute Adjudication Board’s Appointment争端裁决委员会任命期满 (107)1General Provisions一般规定1.1Definitions定义In the Conditions of Contract (“these Conditions”), which include Particular Conditions and these General Conditions, the following words and expressions shall have the meaning stated. Words indicating persons or parties include corporation and other legal entities, except where the context requires otherwise.在合同条件（“本条件”），包括专用条件和通用条件中，下列词语和措辞应具有以下所述的含义.除上下文另有要求外，文中人员或当事各方等词语包括公司和其他合法实体.1.1.1The Contract合同1.1.1.1“Contract”means the Contract Agreement, these Conditions, theEmployer’s Requirement, the Tender, and further document (if any) which are listed in the Contract Agreement.“合同”系指合同协议书、本条件、雇主要求、投标书和合同协议书列出的其他文件（如果有）.1.1.1.2“Contract Agreement”means the contract agreement referred to inSub-Clause 1.6 [Contract Agreement], including any annexed memoranda.“合同协议书”系指第1.6款[合同协议书]中所述的合同协议书及所附各项备忘录.1.1.1.3“Employer’s requirements”means the document entitled employer’srequirements, as included in the Contract, and any additions and modifications to such document in accordance with the Contract. Such document specifies the purpose, scope, and/or design and/or other technical criteria, for the Works.“雇主要求”系指合同中包括的，题为雇主要求的文件，其中列明工程的目标、范围、和（或）设计和（或）其他技术标准，以及按合同对此项文件所作的任何补充和修改.1.1.1.4“T ender”means the Contractor’s signed offer for the Works and all otherdocuments which the Contractor submitted therewith (other than these Conditions and Employer’s Requirements, if so submitted), as included in the Contract.“投标书”系指包含在合同中的由承包商提交的为完成工程签署的报价，以及随同提交的所有其他文件（本条件和雇主要求除外，如同时提交）.1.1.1.5“Performance Guarantees”and “Schedule of payments”mean thedocuments so named (if any), as included in the Contract.“履约保证”和“付款计划表”系指合同中包括的具有上述名称的文件（如果有）.1.1.2Parties and Persons各方和人员1.1.2.1“Party” means the Employer or the Contractor, as the context requires.“当事方（或一方）”根据上下文需要，或指雇主，或指承包商。

合同法中英文Contract Law (合同法)。

Preamble (序言)。

This contract is entered into by and between [Party A] and [Party B], hereinafter referred to as "the Parties", in accordance with the laws of [jurisdiction]. This contractis intended to govern the rights and obligations of the Parties with respect to [subject matter of the contract].本合同由[甲方]和[乙方]双方根据[jurisdiction]的法律订立，以下简称“双方”。

本合同旨在规范双方在[合同主题]方面的权利和义务。

Article 1: Definitions (定义)。

1.1 "Party A" refers to [legal name and address ofParty A].1.2 "Party B" refers to [legal name and address of Party B].1.3 "Subject Matter of the Contract" refers to [brief description of the subject matter of the contract].第一条，定义。

1.1 “甲方”指的是[甲方的法律名称和地址]。

1.2 “乙方”指的是[乙方的法律名称和地址]。

1.3 “合同主题”指的是[合同主题的简要描述]。

Article 2: Formation of Contract (合同的形成)。

2.1 This contract shall come into effect upon the mutual agreement and signature of both Parties.2.1 本合同应在双方相互同意并签署后生效。

未中标通知书英文模板【篇一：未中标通知书】未中标通知书( 招标单位名称 )：xxxx( 招标单位 )的 xxxx 项目经年月日公然开标，评标委员会评定和招标工作小组定标，贵单位未被确立为中标单位，但贵单位在本项目招标中做出的努力及显示出的优秀技术、管理水平已给招标单位留下了深刻的印象。

对此深表感谢 !希望下次合作成功。

请贵单位收到本通知书后，在年月日前持招标保证金收条到 (地址 )取回退还的招标保证金 (无息 )。

感谢 !招标单位： (盖印 )负责人： (署名、盖印 )日期：年代日【篇二： 08 版国际招标范本 (中英文 )】机电产品采买国际竞争性招标文件 the bidding documents for icbprocurement ofmechanic electronic products（第一册）(volume one)目录table of contents第一册volume one第 1 章招标人须知 ....................................................................................................... ........................ 1-5 section oneinstructions tobidders .............................................................................................. ... 1-5一、说明 ....................................................................................................... ..................................... 1-5aexplanation .......................................................................................1-5资本根源 source of.................................................1.funds ......................................................................................................... 1-52. 招标机构及合格的招标人 tendering agent for icb procurement of mechanic and electronic products and eligiblebidders ............................................................................................................... 1-53. 合格的货物和服务 eligible goods andservices ...................................................................... 1-64. 招标花费 cost ofbid........... .....................................................................................................1-6二、招标文件..................................................................................................................................... 1-6b the biddingdocuments ........................................................................................1-6............................5. 招标文件的编制依照与构成basis and content of bidding documents............................. 1-66. 招标文件的澄清 clarification of biddingdocuments .............................................................. 1-77. 招标文件的改正 amendment of biddingdocuments ............................................................... 1-7三、招标文件的编制 ......................................................................................................................... 1-88. 招标的语言 language ofbid .....................................................................................................1-89. 招标文件的构成 content comprising the bid........................................................................... 1-810.招标文件的编写 bidform ................................................................................................... ..... 1-911. 招标报价 bidprices ................................................................................................ ................... 1-912. 招标钱币 bidcurrency ............................................................................................ ................ 1-1013. 证明招标人合格和资格的文件 documents establishing bidder ’ s eligibility and qualifications1-1014 证明货物的合格性和切合招标文件规定的文件documents establishing goods, eligibility and conformity to bidding documents .............................................................................................. 1-11 15 招标保证金 bidsecurity ............................................................................................. ............. 1-12 16 招标有效期 period of validity ofbids .....................................................................................format and signing of 1-13 17招标文件的款式和签订bids ............................................................. 1-14四、招标文件的递交 ....................................................................................................... ................ 1-14d submission ofbids ................................................................................................... ....................... 1-14 18 招标文件的密封和标志sealing and marking of bids ............................................................ 1-14 19 投标截止期 deadline for submission ofbids ......................................................................... 1-15 20 迟交的招标文件 late bids 招标机构将拒绝并原封退回在本须知第19 条规定的截止期后收到的任何招标文件。

In the realm of legal documentation, contracts are pivotal instruments that outline the terms and conditions agreed upon by two or more parties. An English contract template, when wellcrafted, ensures clarity, enforceability, and protection of the parties involved. One of the essential components of a contract is the declaration, which is a formal statement or affirmation made by one party to another. Heres a detailed look at how a declaration might be structured within an English contract template:PreambleThe contract begins with a preamble that sets the stage for the agreement. It typically includes the names of the parties involved and a brief description of the purpose of the contract.RecitalsFollowing the preamble, recitals provide background information and the context for the agreement. They are often used to explain why the contract is being entered into and what the parties intend to achieve.DeclarationThe declaration section is where one party makes a formal statement to another. This can include representations, warranties, or covenants. Heres an example of how a declaration might be written:Declaration of Party A1. Identity and Capacity: Party A hereby declares that it is a type of entity,e.g., corporation, partnership, individual duly organized and existing under the laws of jurisdiction, and has the full right, power, and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder.2. Representations and Warranties: Party A represents and warrants that: It has made all necessary disclosures to Party B regarding the subject matter of this Agreement.It has not made any false representations to induce Party B to enter into this Agreement.It is not in breach of any other contract or legal obligation that would prevent it from fulfilling its obligations under this Agreement.3. Compliance with Laws: Party A declares that it will comply with all applicable laws and regulations in performing its obligations under this Agreement.4. Accuracy of Information: Party A represents that all information provided to Party B in connection with this Agreement is accurate and complete to the best of its knowledge.5. No Conflict of Interest: Party A declares that it has no interest, direct or indirect, that would conflict with its obligations under this Agreement.6. Indemnification: Party A agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Party B from any claims, damages, or losses arising out of Party As breach of any of the foregoing representations and warranties.7. Mutual Covenants: Party A and Party B covenant to act in good faith and to use their best efforts to fulfill their respective obligations under this Agreement.Main BodyFollowing the declaration, the main body of the contract details the specific terms and conditions, including the scope of work, payment terms, intellectual property rights, and dispute resolution mechanisms.Signature BlockThe contract concludes with a signature block where both parties sign and date the document, signifying their agreement to the terms outlined in the contract.Exhibits or AttachmentsAny additional documents or exhibits that form part of the contract are listed and attached to the contract.A wellstructured declaration in an English contract template serves to provide legal certainty and clarity for all parties involved. It is essential that the language used is precise, unambiguous, and adheres to legal standards to ensure the contracts enforceability.。

NECESSARY TERMS OF ENGLISH CONTRACT1.前言Preamble一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Operative part）、附录（Schedule）及证明部分即结束词（Attestation）四大部分组成。

前言（Preamble）由“Parties”及“Recitals”两部分组成。

“Parties”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“commencement”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。

当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。

I. 以下为“Parties”的常用表达方式：1. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ and ____.本协议由以下双方____和___ 签署。

2. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ (hereinafter referred toas____) and ____ (hereinafter referred to as "_____"), whereby it is agreed as follows:本协议由以下双方____（以下简称____）和_____（以下简称___）签署，达成如下协议：注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：This Agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between _____ Co.(hereinafter referred to as the “Party A”) and _____ Co. (hereinafter referred to as the “Party B”) based on equality and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:本协议由_____（以下称为甲方）和____（以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：This Agreement is entered into between _____ (hereinafter referred to as "Company"), and ______, (hereinafter referred to as "Employee") pursuant to paragraph VIII(2) of the Employee Handbook, whereby it is agreed as follows:本“协议”由_____（以下简称“公司”）与_____（以下简称“雇员”）根据“雇员手册”第VIII(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：II. 以下为标准的“Parties”条款：3. This Agreement is made and entered into this _____th day of _____ in the year of ____ by and between ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of _____, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), whereby it is agreed as follows:本合约由______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____），与_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点______（下称代理人），于_____日签订和缔结，协议如下：III. “Recitals”由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“Whereas Clauses”），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。