欧盟食品污染物限量标准(中文版)-翻译了(EC)18812006 欧盟食品污染物限量

欧盟添加剂限量标准[整理版]No L61/1?欧盟议会和理事会指令95/2/EC1995年2月20除了色素和甜味剂的食品添加剂欧盟议会和理事会考虑到欧盟缔结的条约,尤其是第100a条，考虑到委员会的提议，考虑到经济和社会委员会的提议，根据条约第189b制定的程序进行，考虑到1998年12月21理事会指令89/107/EEC，成员国关于为人类消费而在食品中授权使用的食品添加剂的近似法律,尤其是第3(2)条，鉴于国家之间关于防腐剂、抗氧化剂和其它添加剂和它们的使用条件的不同，鉴于这可能造成不公平的竞争。

鉴于主要考虑这些食品添加剂和它们的使用条件应当必须保护消费者的规定，鉴于普遍公认未加工的食品和某些其它食品应当远离食品添加剂，鉴于考虑到最近关于这些物质的科学和毒理学信息，一些仅允许用于某些食品和在某些条件下使用，鉴于必须制定严格的制度在婴儿配方、成长配方及断奶食品中使用食品添加剂，象在1989年3月3日理事会指令89/398/EEC中提到的，有关成员国用于特殊营养使用的食品的相近法律，尤其是第4(1)(e)，鉴于本指令不影响涉及甜味剂和色素的规定，鉴于依据1991年7月15日理事会指令91/414/EEC涉及的植物保护产品投放市场，依据1990年11月27日理事会指令90/642/EEC附的在某些植物原始产品中农药残留的最高标准，包括水果和蔬菜，属于此种类的物质暂时包括在本指令中，鉴于向食品科学委员会咨询有关那些物质不是联盟规定的科目，鉴于当决定一个特殊的食品属于食物的某个种类，最好跟随向食品标准委员会咨询的程序，鉴于除色素和甜味剂外的食品添加剂的现存纯标准和那些没有纯标准存在的的新规范的修改将采纳指令89/107/EEC第11条规定的相应程序，鉴于食品科学委员会还没有提出关于面粉处理剂的的建议，鉴于那些试剂将在一个单独的指令中规定，鉴于本指令取代指令64/54/EEC、70/357/EEC、74/329/EEC和83/463/EEC，鉴于那些指令特此废除，兹采纳如下指令:第1条1( 本指令是一个构成综合指令的特定的指令，在89/107/EEC指令的第3条的内涵之内，适用于除色素和甜味剂和面粉处理剂外的添加剂。

COMMISSION REGULATION(EC)No1881/2006of19December2006setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs(Text with EEA relevance)THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,Having regard to Council Regulation(EEC)No315/93of8 February1993laying down Community procedures for contaminants in food(1),and in particular Article2(3)thereof,Whereas:(1)Commission Regulation(EC)No466/2001of8March2001setting maximum levels for certain contaminants infoodstuffs(2)has been amended substantially manytimes.It is necessary to amend again maximum levelsfor certain contaminants to take into account new infor-mation and developments in Codex Alimentarius.At thesame time,the text should,where appropriate,beclarified.Regulation(EC)No466/2001should thereforebe replaced.(2)It is essential,in order to protect public health,to keepcontaminants at levels which are toxicologicallyacceptable.(3)In view of disparities between the laws of Member Statesand the consequent risk of distortion of competition,forsome contaminants Community measures are necessaryin order to ensure market unity while abiding by theprinciple of proportionality.(4)Maximum levels should be set at a strict level which isreasonably achievable by following good agricultural,fishery and manufacturing practices and taking intoaccount the risk related to the consumption of thefood.In the case of contaminants which are consideredto be genotoxic carcinogens or in cases where currentexposure of the population or of vulnerable groups inthe population is close to or exceeds the tolerable intake,maximum levels should be set at a level which is as lowas reasonably achievable(ALARA).Such approachesensure that food business operators apply measures toprevent and reduce the contamination as far as possiblein order to protect public health.It is furthermore appro-priate for the health protection of infants and youngchildren,a vulnerable group,to establish the lowestmaximum levels,which are achievable through a strictselection of the raw materials used for the manufacturingof foods for infants and young children.This strictselection of the raw materials is also appropriate forthe production of some specific foodstuffs such as branfor direct human consumption.(5)To allow maximum levels to be applied to dried,diluted,processed and compound foodstuffs,where no specificCommunity maximum levels have been established,foodbusiness operators should provide the specific concen-tration and dilution factors accompanied by the appro-priate experimental data justifying the factor proposed.(6)To ensure an efficient protection of public health,products containing contaminants exceeding themaximum levels should not be placed on the marketeither as such,after mixture with other foodstuffs orused as an ingredient in other foods.(7)It is recognised that sorting or other physical treatmentsmake it possible to reduce the aflatoxin content ofconsignments of groundnuts,nuts,dried fruit andmaize.In order to minimise the effects on trade,it isappropriate to allow higher aflatoxin contents for thoseproducts which are not intended for direct humanconsumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs.In thesecases,the maximum levels for aflatoxins should be fixedtaking into consideration the effectiveness of the above-mentioned treatments to reduce the aflatoxin content ingroundnuts,nuts,dried fruit and maize to levels belowthe maximum limits fixed for those products intendedfor direct human consumption or use as an ingredient infoodstuffs.(8)To enable effective enforcement of the maximum levelsfor certain contaminants in certain foodstuffs,it is appro-priate to provide for suitable labelling provisions forthese cases.(1)OJ L37,13.2.1993,p.1.Regulation as amended by Regulation(EC)No1882/2003of the European Parliament and of the Council(OJ L284,31.10.2003,p.1).(2)OJ L77,16.3.2001,p.1.Regulation as last amended by Regulation(EC)No199/2006(OJ L32,4.2.2006,p.32).(9)Because of the climatic conditions in some MemberStates,it is difficult to ensure that the maximum levelsare not exceeded for fresh lettuce and fresh spinach.These Member States should be allowed for atemporary period to continue to authorise themarketing of fresh lettuce and fresh spinach grown andintended for consumption in their territory with nitratecontents exceeding the maximum levels.Lettuce andspinach producers established in the Member Stateswhich have given the aforementioned authorisationsshould progressively modify their farming methods byapplying the good agricultural practices recommendedat national level.(10)Certain fish species originating from the Baltic regionmay contain high levels of dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs.A significant proportion of these fish speciesfrom the Baltic region will not comply with themaximum levels and would therefore be excluded fromthe diet.There are indications that the exclusion of fishfrom the diet may have a negative health impact in theBaltic region.(11)Sweden and Finland have a system in place which hasthe capacity to ensure that consumers are fully informedof the dietary recommendations concerning restrictionson consumption of fish from the Baltic region by ident-ified vulnerable groups of the population in order toavoid potential health risks.Therefore,it is appropriateto grant a derogation to Finland and Sweden to place onthe market for a temporary period certain fish speciesoriginating in the Baltic region and intended forconsumption in their territory with levels of dioxinsand dioxin-like PCBs higher than those set in this Regu-lation.The necessary measures must be implemented toensure that fish and fish products not complying withthe maximum levels are not marketed in other MemberStates.Finland and Sweden report every year to theCommission the results of their monitoring of thelevels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish from theBaltic region and the measures to reduce humanexposure to dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs from theBaltic region.(12)To ensure that the maximum levels are enforced in auniform way,the same sampling criteria and the sameanalysis performance criteria should be applied by thecompetent authorities throughout the Community.It isfurthermore important that analytical results are reportedand interpreted in a uniform way.The measures asregards sampling and analysis specified in this Regulationprovide for uniform rules on reporting and interpret-ation.(13)For certain contaminants,Member States and interestedparties should monitor and report levels,as well reporton the progress with regard to application of pre-ventative measures,to allow the Commission to assessthe need to modify existing measures or to adopt addi-tional measures.(14)Any maximum level adopted at Community level can besubject to a review to take account of the advance ofscientific and technical knowledge and improvements ingood agricultural,fishery and manufacturing practices.(15)Bran and germ can be marketed for direct humanconsumption and it is therefore appropriate to establisha maximum level for deoxynivalenol and zearalenone inthese commodities.(16)Codex Alimentarius has recently set a maximum level forlead in fish which the Community accepted.It istherefore appropriate to modify the current provisionfor lead in fish accordingly.(17)Regulation(EC)No853/2004of the EuropeanParliament and Council of29April2004laying downspecific hygiene rules for food of animal origin(3)definesfoodstuffs of animal origin,and consequently the entriesas regards foodstuffs of animal origin should be amendedin some cases according to the terminology used in thatRegulation.(18)It is necessary to provide that the maximum levels forcontaminants do not apply to the foodstuffs which havebeen lawfully placed on the Community market beforethe date of application of these maximum levels.(19)As regards nitrate,vegetables are the major source for thehuman intake of nitrate.The Scientific Committee onFood(SCF)stated in its opinion of22September1995(4)that the total intake of nitrate is normally wellbelow the acceptable daily intake(ADI)of3,65mg/kgbody weight(bw).It recommended,however,con-tinuation of efforts to reduce exposure to nitrate viafood and water.(20)Since climatic conditions have a major influence on thelevels of nitrate in certain vegetables such as lettuce andspinach,different maximum nitrate levels shouldtherefore be fixed depending on the season.(3)OJ L139,30.4.2004,p.55,as corrected by OJ L226,25.6.2004,p.22.Regulation as last amended by Regulation(EC)No 1662/2006(OJ L320,18.11.2006,p.1).(4)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,38th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on nitrates and nitrite,p.1, http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_38.pdf(21)As regards aflatoxins,the SCF expressed in its opinion of23September1994that aflatoxins are genotoxic car-cinogens(5).Based on that opinion,it is appropriate tolimit the total aflatoxin content of food(sum of afla-toxins B1,B2,G1and G2)as well as the aflatoxin B1content alone,aflatoxin B1being by far the most toxiccompound.For aflatoxin M1in foods for infants andyoung children,a possible reduction of the currentmaximum level should be considered in the light ofdevelopments in analytical procedures.(22)As regards ochratoxin A(OTA),the SCF adopted ascientific opinion on17September1998(6).Anassessment of the dietary intake of OTA by the popu-lation of the Community has been performed(7)in theframework of Council Directive93/5/EEC of25February1993on assistance to the Commission and cooperationby the Member States in the scientific examination ofquestions relating to food(8)(SCOOP).The EuropeanFood Safety Authority(EFSA)has,on a request fromthe Commission,adopted an updated scientific opinionrelating to ochratoxin A in food on4April2006(9),taking into account new scientific information andderived a tolerable weekly intake(TWI)of120ng/kg bw.(23)Based on these opinions,it is appropriate to setmaximum levels for cereals,cereal products,dried vinefruit,roasted coffee,wine,grape juice and foods forinfants and young children,all of which contributesignificantly to general human exposure to OTA or tothe exposure of vulnerable groups of consumers such aschildren.(24)The appropriateness of setting a maximum level for OTAin foodstuffs such as dried fruit other than dried vinefruit,cocoa and cocoa products,spices,meat products,green coffee,beer and liquorice,as well as a review of theexisting maximum levels,in particular for OTA in driedvine fruit and grape juice,will be considered in the lightof the recent EFSA scientific opinion.(25)As regards patulin,the SCF endorsed in its meeting on8March2000the provisional maximum tolerable dailyintake(PMTDI)of0,4μg/kg bw for patulin(10).(26)In2001,a SCOOP-task‘Assessment of the dietary intakeof patulin by the population of EU Member States’in theframework of Directive93/5/EEC was performed(11).(27)Based on that assessment and taking into account thePMTDI,maximum levels should be set for patulin incertain foodstuffs to protect consumers from un-acceptable contamination.These maximum levelsshould be reviewed and,if necessary,reduced takinginto account the progress in scientific and technologicalknowledge and the implementation of CommissionRecommendation2003/598/EC of11August2003onthe prevention and reduction of patulin contamination inapple juice and apple juice ingredients in otherbeverages(12).(28)As regards Fusarium toxins,the SCF has adopted severalopinions evaluating deoxynivalenol in December1999(13)establishing a tolerable daily intake(TDI)of1μg/kg bw,zearalenone in June2000(14)establishing atemporary TDI of0,2μg/kg bw,fumonisins in October2000(15)(updated in April2003)(16)establishing a TDIof2μg/kg bw,nivalenol in October2000(17)estab-lishing a temporary TDI of0,7μg/kg bw,T-2andHT-2toxin in May2001(18)establishing a combinedtemporary TDI of0,06μg/kg bw and the trichothecenesas group in February2002(19).(5)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,35th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on aflatoxins,ochratoxin A and patulin,p.45,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_35.pdf(6)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Ochratoxin A(expressed on17September1998)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out14_en.html(7)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.7‘Assessmentof dietary intake of Ochratoxin A by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/task_3-2-7_en.pdf(8)OJ L52,4.3.1993,p.18.(9)Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the Food Chainof the EFSA on a request from the Commission related to ochratoxin A in food.http://www.efsa.europa.eu/etc/medialib/efsa/ science/contam/contam_opinions/1521.Par.0001.File.dat/contam_op _ej365_ochratoxin_a_food_en1.pdf (10)Minutes of the120th Meeting of the Scientific Committee on Foodheld on8and9March2000in Brussels,Minute statement on patulin.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out55_en.pdf(11)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.8,‘Assessmentof dietary intake of Patulin by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/3.2.8_en.pdf(12)OJ L203,12.8.2003,p.34.(13)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart1:Deoxynivalenol(DON),(expressed on2December1999) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out44_en.pdf(14)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart2:Zearalenone(ZEA),(expressed on22June2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out65_en.pdf(15)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart3:Fumonisin B1(FB1)(expressed on17October2000) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out73_en.pdf(16)Updated opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food onFumonisin B1,B2and B3(expressed on4April2003)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out185_en.pdf(17)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart4:Nivalenol(expressed on19October2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out74_en.pdf(18)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart5:T-2toxin and HT-2toxin(adopted on30May2001) http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out88_en.pdf(19)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on Fusarium-toxinsPart6:Group evaluation of T-2toxin,HT-2toxin,nivalenol and deoxynivalenol.(adopted on26February2002)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out123_en.pdf(29)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC the SCOOP-task‘Collection of occurrence data on Fusarium toxins in foodand assessment of dietary intake by the population of EUMember States’was performed and finalised inSeptember2003(20).(30)Based on the scientific opinions and the assessment ofthe dietary intake,it is appropriate to set maximum levelsfor deoxynivalenol,zearalenone and fumonisins.Asregards fumonisins,monitoring control results of therecent harvests indicate that maize and maize productscan be very highly contaminated by fumonisins and it isappropriate that measures are taken to avoid such unac-ceptably highly contaminated maize and maize productscan enter the food chain.(31)Intake estimates indicate that the presence of T-2andHT-2toxin can be of concern for public health.Therefore,the development of a reliable and sensitivemethod,collection of more occurrence data and moreinvestigations/research in the factors involved in thepresence of T-2and HT-2toxin in cereals and cerealproducts,in particular in oats and oat products,isnecessary and of high priority.(32)It is not necessary due to co-occurrence to considerspecific measures for3-acetyl deoxynivalenol,15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and fumonisin B3,as measures withregard to in particular deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1and B2would also protect the human population froman unacceptable exposure from3-acetyl deoxynivalenol,15-acetyl deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B3.The sameapplies to nivalenol for which to a certain degree co-occurrence with deoxynivalenol can be observed.Furthermore,human exposure to nivalenol is estimatedto be significantly below the t-TDI.As regards othertrichothecenes considered in the abovementionedSCOOP-task,such as3-acetyldeoxynivalenol,15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol,fusarenon-X,T2-triol,diacetoxyscirpenol,neosolaniol,monoacetoxyscirpenol and verrucol,thelimited information available indicates that they do notoccur widely and the levels found are generally low.(33)Climatic conditions during the growth,in particular atflowering,have a major influence on the Fusarium toxincontent.However,good agricultural practices,wherebythe risk factors are reduced to a minimum,can preventto a certain degree the contamination by Fusarium fungi.Commission Recommendation2006/583/EC of17August2006on the prevention and reduction ofFusarium toxins in cereals and cereal products(21)contains general principles for the prevention andreduction of Fusarium toxin contamination(zearalenone,fumonisins and trichothecenes)in cereals to be im-plemented by the development of national codes ofpractice based on these principles.(34)Maximum levels of Fusarium toxins should be set forunprocessed cereals placed on the market for first-stageprocessing.Cleaning,sorting and drying procedures arenot considered as first-stage processing insofar as nophysical action is exerted on the grain kernel itself.Scouring is to be considered as first-stage processing.(35)Since the degree to which Fusarium toxins in unpro-cessed cereals are removed by cleaning and processingmay vary,it is appropriate to set maximum levels forfinal consumer cereal products as well as for major foodingredients derived from cereals to have enforceable legis-lation in the interest of ensuring public health protection.(36)For maize,not all factors involved in the formation ofFusarium toxins,in particular zearalenone and fumo-nisins B1and B2,are yet precisely known.Therefore,atime period is granted to enable food business operatorsin the cereal chain to perform investigations on thesources of the formation of these mycotoxins and onthe identification of the management measures to betaken to prevent their presence as far as reasonablypossible.Maximum levels based on currently availableoccurrence data are proposed to apply from2007incase no specific maximum levels based on new infor-mation on occurrence and formation are set beforethat time.(37)Given the low contamination levels of Fusarium toxinsfound in rice,no maximum levels are proposed for riceor rice products.(38)A review of the maximum levels for deoxynivalenol,zearalenone,fumonisin B1and B2as well as the appro-priateness of setting a maximum level for T-2and HT-2toxin in cereals and cereal products should be consideredby1July2008,taking into account the progress inscientific and technological knowledge on these toxinsin food.(39)As regards lead,the SCF adopted an opinion on19June1992(22)endorsing the provisional tolerable weeklyintake(PTWI)of25μg/kg bw proposed by the WHOin1986.The SCF concluded in its opinion that the meanlevel in foodstuffs does not seem to be a cause ofimmediate concern.(20)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.10‘Collectionof occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/scoop/task3210.pdf(21)OJ L234,29.8.2006,p.35.(22)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,32nd series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on‘The potential risk to health presented by lead in food and drink’,p.7,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_32.pdf(40)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC2004theSCOOP-task3.2.11‘Assessment of the dietary exposureto arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury of the populationof the EU Member States’was performed in2004(23).Inview of this assessment and the opinion delivered by theSCF,it is appropriate to take measures to reduce thepresence of lead in food as much as possible(41)As regards cadmium,the SCF endorsed in its opinion of2June1995(24)the PTWI of7μg/kg bw and rec-ommended greater efforts to reduce dietary exposure tocadmium since foodstuffs are the main source of humanintake of cadmium.A dietary exposure assessment wasperformed in the SCOOP-task3.2.11.In view of thisassessment and the opinion delivered by the SCF,it isappropriate to take measures to reduce the presence ofcadmium in food as much as possible.(42)As regards mercury EFSA adopted on24February2004an opinion related to mercury and methylmercury infood(25)and endorsed the provisional tolerable weeklyintake of1,6μg/kg bw.Methylmercury is the chemicalform of most concern and can make up more than90%of the total mercury in fish and seafood.Taking intoaccount the outcome of the SCOOP-task3.2.11,EFSAconcluded that the levels of mercury found in foods,other than fish and seafood,were of lower concern.The forms of mercury present in these other foods aremainly not methylmercury and they are thereforeconsidered to be of lower risk.(43)In addition to the setting of maximum levels,targetedconsumer advice is an appropriate approach in the caseof methylmercury for protecting vulnerable groups of thepopulation.An information note on methylmercury infish and fishery products responding to this need hastherefore been made available on the website of theHealth and Consumer Protection Directorate-General ofthe European Commission(26).Several Member Stateshave also issued advice on this issue that is relevant totheir population.(44)As regards inorganic tin,the SCF concluded in itsopinion of12December2001(27)that levels ofinorganic tin of150mg/kg in canned beverages and250mg/kg in other canned foods may cause gastricirritation in some individuals.(45)To protect public health from this health risk it isnecessary to set maximum levels for inorganic tin incanned foods and canned beverages.Until databecomes available on the sensitivity of infants andyoung children to inorganic tin in foods,it is necessaryon a precautionary basis to protect the health of thisvulnerable population group and to establish lowermaximum levels.(46)As regards3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)theSCF adopted on30May2001a scientific opinion asregards3-MCPD in food(28),updating its opinion of16December1994(29)on the basis of new scientificinformation and established a tolerable daily intake(TDI)of2μg/kg bw for3-MCPD.(47)In the framework of Directive93/5/EEC the SCOOP-task‘Collection and collation of data on levels of3-MCPDand related substances in foodstuffs’was performed andfinalised in June2004(30).The main contributors of3-MCPD to dietary intake were soy sauce and soy-saucebased products.Some other foods eaten in large quan-tities,such as bread and noodles,also contributed sig-nificantly to intake in some countries because of highconsumption rather than high levels of3-MCPDpresent in these foods.(48)Accordingly maximum levels should be set for3-MCPDin hydrolysed vegetable protein(HVP)and soy saucetaking into account the risk related to the consumptionof these foods.Member States are requested to examineother foodstuffs for the occurrence of3-MCPD in orderto consider the need to set maximum levels for ad-ditional foodstuffs.(23)Reports on tasks for scientific co-operation,Task 3.2.11‘Assessment of dietary exposure to arsenic,cadmium,lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/scoop_ 3-2-11_heavy_metals_report_en.pdf(24)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,36th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on cadmium,p.67,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_36.pdf (25)Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the Food Chainof the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA)on a request from the Commission related to mercury and methylmercury in food (adopted on24February2004)http://www.efsa.eu.int/science/contam/contam_opinions/259/opinion_contam_01_en1.pdf(26)http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/information_note_mercury-fish_12-05-04.pdf (27)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on acute risks posedby tin in canned foods(adopted on12December2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out110_en.pdf(28)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol(3-MCPD)updating the SCF opinion of1994 (adopted on30May2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out91_en.pdf(29)Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food,36th series,Opinionof the Scientific Committee for Food on3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol3-MCPD),p.31,http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/reports/scf_reports_36.pdf (30)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.9‘Collectionand collation of data on levels of3-monochloropropanediol(3-MCPD)and related substances in foodstuffs’.http://ec.europa.eu/ food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/scoop_3-2-9_final_report_ chloropropanols_en.pdf(49)As regards dioxins and PCBs,the SCF adopted on30May2001an opinion on dioxins and dioxin-like PCBsin food(31),updating its opinion of22November2000(32)fixing a tolerable weekly intake(TWI)of14pg World Health Organisation toxic equivalent(WHO-TEQ)/kg bw for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(50)Dioxins as referred to in this Regulation cover a group of75polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin(PCDD)congenersand135polychlorinated dibenzofuran(PCDF)congeners,of which17are of toxicological concern.Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)are a group of209different congeners which can be divided into twogroups according to their toxicological properties:12congeners exhibit toxicological properties similar todioxins and are therefore often termed dioxin-likePCBs.The other PCBs do not exhibit dioxin-liketoxicity but have a different toxicological profile.(51)Each congener of dioxins or dioxin-like PCBs exhibits adifferent level of toxicity.In order to be able to sum upthe toxicity of these different congeners,the concept oftoxic equivalency factors(TEFs)has been introduced tofacilitate risk assessment and regulatory control.Thismeans that the analytical results relating to all the indi-vidual dioxin and dioxin-like PCB congeners of toxico-logical concern are expressed in terms of a quantifiableunit,namely the TCDD toxic equivalent(TEQ).(52)Exposure estimates taking into account the SCOOP-task‘Assessment of dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBsby the population of EU Member States’finalised in June2000(33)indicate that a considerable proportion of theCommunity population has a dietary intake in excess ofthe TWI.(53)From a toxicological point of view,any level set shouldapply to both dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs,but in2001maximum levels were set on Community level only fordioxins and not for dioxin-like PCBs,given the verylimited data available at that time on the prevalence ofdioxin-like PCBs.Since2001,however,more data on thepresence of dioxin-like PCBs have become available,therefore,maximum levels for the sum of dioxins anddioxin-like PCBs have been set in2006as this is themost appropriate approach from a toxicological pointof view.In order to ensure a smooth transition,thelevels for dioxins should continue to apply for a transi-tional period in addition to the levels for the sum ofdioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Foodstuffs must complyduring that transitional period with the maximumlevels for dioxins and with the maximum levels for thesum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.Consideration willbe given by31December2008to dispensing with theseparate maximum levels for dioxins.(54)In order to encourage a proactive approach to reducingthe dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs present in food andfeed,action levels were set by Commission Recommen-dation2006/88/EC of6February2006on the reductionof the presence of dioxins,furans and PCBs in feeding-stuffs and foodstuffs(34).These action levels are a tool forcompetent authorities and operators to highlight thosecases where it is appropriate to identify a source ofcontamination and to take measures to reduce oreliminate it.Since the sources of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs are different,separate action levels aredetermined for dioxins on the one hand and fordioxin-like PCBs on the other hand.This proactiveapproach to actively reduce the dioxins and dioxin-likePCBs in feed and food and consequently,the maximumlevels applicable should be reviewed within a definedperiod of time with the objective to set lower levels.Therefore,consideration will be given by31December2008to significantly reducing the maximum levels forthe sum of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs.(55)Operators need to make efforts to step up their capacityto remove dioxins,furans and dioxin-like PCBs frommarine oil.The significant lower level,to which con-sideration shall be given by31December2008,shallbe based on the technical possibilities of the mosteffective decontamination procedure.(56)As regards the establishment of maximum levels forother foodstuffs by31December2008,particularattention shall be paid to the need to set specific lowermaximum levels for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs infoods for infants and young children in the light of themonitoring data obtained through the2005,2006and2007programmes for monitoring dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in foods for infants and young children.(31)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the riskassessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food.Update basedon new scientific information available since the adoption of theSCF opinion of22nd November2000(adopted on30May2001)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out90_en.pdf(32)Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the riskassessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food.(adopted on22November2000)http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/scf/out78_en.pdf(33)Reports on tasks for scientific cooperation,Task3.2.5‘Assessmentof dietary intake of dioxins and related PCBs by the population ofEU Member States’.http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/health_consumer/library/pub/pub08_en.pdf(34)OJ L42,14.2.2006,p.26.。

欧盟食品中多环芳烃最大限量要求(3) Foodstuffs listed in this category as defined in Commission Directive 96/5/EC of 16 February 1996 on processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children (OJ L 49, 28.2.1996, p. 17) as last amended by Directive 2003/13/EC (OJ L 41, 14.2.2003, p. 33).(8) Foodstuffs listed in this category as defined in Commission Directive 91/321/EEC of 14 May 1991 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae (OJ L 175, 4.7.1991, p. 35) as last amended by Directive 2003/14/EC (OJ L 41, 14.2.2003, p. 37).(9) Foodstuffs listed in this category as defined in Commission Directive 1999/21/EC of 25 March 1999 on dietary foods for special medical purposes (OJ L 91, 7.4.1999, p.29).(24) Fish listed in this category as defined in category (a), with the exclusion of fish liver falling under code CN 0302 70 00, of the list in Article 1 of Council Regulation (EC) No 104/2000 (OJ L 17, 21.1.2000, p. 22) as last amended by the Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded (OJ L 236, 23.9.2003, p. 33). In case of dried, diluted, processed and/or compound foodstuffs Article 2(1) and 2(2) apply.(25) Where fish are intended to be eaten whole, the maximum level shall apply to the whole fish.(26) Foodstuffs falling within category (c) and (f) of the list in Article 1 of Regulation (EC) No 104/2000, as appropriate (species as listed in the relevant entry). In case of dried, diluted, processed and/or compound foodstuffs Article 2(1) and 2(2) apply.(29) The maximum level refers to the product as sold.(35) Benzo(a)pyrene, for which maximum levels are listed, is used as a marker for the occurrence and effect of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These measures therefore provide full harmonisation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the listed foods across the Member States.(36) Foodstuffs listed in this category as defined in categories (b), (c), and (f) of the list in Article 1 of Regulation (EC) No 104/2000。

*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07欧盟重金属限量标准欧阳光明（2021.03.07）(中国SPS通报咨询中心提供)一、铅1铅Lead未加工的牛奶*, 热处理的牛奶和以牛奶为原料加工的奶制品Raw milk *, heat-treated milk and milk for theman0.020欧盟*Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in2铅Lead婴儿食品和后续食品Infant formulae and follow-on formulae0.020欧盟The maximum level refers tothe products ready to3铅Lead牛、羊、猪和家禽肉,不包括下Meat (excluding offal) of bovine animals, sheep,p0.10欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R4铅Lead牛、羊、猪和家禽的下水Offal of bovine animals, sheep, pig and poultry0.50欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R5铅Lead鱼的肌肉Muscle meat of fish0.30欧盟Fish listed in this category asdefined in categor6铅Lead甲壳类, 不包括螃蟹的褐色肉、龙虾和大小相当的甲壳类(Nephropidae and PalinurCrustaceans, excluding brown meat of crab andexcl0.50欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th7铅Lead双壳类动物Bivalve molluscs1.5欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th8铅Lead头足类动物Cephalopods (without viscera)1.0欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th9铅Lead谷类、豆荚和豆科植物Cereals, legumes and pulses0.20欧盟10铅Lead蔬菜，不包括芸苔蔬菜、叶类蔬菜、新鲜草药和菌类，土豆的最大限量适用于去皮土豆Vegetables, excluding brassica vegetables, leaf ve0.10欧盟The maximum level appliesafter washing of the fru11铅Lead芸苔蔬菜、叶类蔬菜和食用菌Brassica vegetables, leaf vegetables and cultivate0.30欧盟The maximum level appliesafter washing of the fru12铅Lead果实，不包括浆果和小果实Fruit, excluding berries and small fruit0.10欧盟The maximum level appliesafter washing of the fru13铅Lead浆果和小果Berries and small fruit0.20欧盟The maximum level appliesafter washing of the fru14铅Lead脂肪和油，包括奶油Fats and oils, including milk fat0.10欧盟15铅Lead果汁，作为重新制造的浓缩果汁和果蜜Fruit juices, concentrated fruit juices as reconst0.050欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in C16 铅酒(包括汽酒,不包括利口酒),苹果酒,梨酒和果0.20#欧*Foodstuffs listed in this*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07Lead酒*Wine (including sparkling wine, excludingliqueur盟category as defined in17铅Lead香酒、加酒芬香的饮料和加酒芬香的鸡尾酒*Aromatized wine, aromatized wine-based drinksand0.20#欧盟*Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in二、镉1镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪和家禽肉,不包括下水Meat (excluding offal) of bovine animals,sheep, p0.050欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R2镉Cadmium马肉，不包括下水Horsemeat, excluding offal (6)0.20欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R3镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪、家禽、马肝脏Liver of bovine animals, sheep, pig, poultryand h0.50欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R4镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪、家禽、马肾脏Kidney of bovine animals, sheep, pig, poultryand1.0欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R5镉Cadmium鱼肉，不包括3.2.6和3.2.7中列出的那些鱼肉Muscle meat of fish , excluding species listedin0.050欧盟Fish listed in this categoryas defined in categor6镉Cadmium3.2.6 下列鱼的肉：凤尾鱼 (Engraulis 种)、鲣(Sarda sarda)、常见的Muscle meat of the following fish :anchovy(Engrau0.10欧盟Fish listed in this categoryas defined in categor7镉Cadmium3.2.7旗鱼的肉(Xiphias gladius)3.2.7 Muscle meat of swordfish (Xiphiasgladius)0.30欧盟Fish listed in this categoryas defined in categor8镉Cadmium甲壳类, 不包括螃蟹的褐色肉、龙虾和大小相当的甲壳类(Nephropidae and PalinurCrustaceans, excluding brown meat of craband excl0.50欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th9镉Cadmium双壳类软体动物Bivalve molluscs1.0欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th10镉Cadmium头足类软体动物（没有内脏）Cephalopods (without viscera)1.0欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and (f) of th11镉Cadmium谷物不包括麸、酵母、小麦和大米Cereals excluding bran, germ, wheat and rice0.10欧盟12镉Cadmium麸、酵母、小麦和大米Bran, germ, wheat and rice0.20欧盟13镉Cadmium大豆Soybeans0.20欧盟14镉Cadmium蔬菜和水果，叶类蔬菜除外，茎类蔬菜，松子，根类蔬菜和马铃薯Vegetables and fruit, excluding leafvegetables, f0.050欧盟The maximum level appliesafter washing of the fru15 镉叶类蔬菜，新鲜中草药，食用菌和块根芹0.20欧The maximum level applies after washing of the fru*欧阳光明*创编 2021.03.07 Cadmium Leaf vegetables, fresh herbs, cultivated fungiand盟16镉Cadmium茎类蔬菜，根类蔬菜和番茄，块根芹。

欧盟最新食品农药残留限量标准研究作者：王文君陈琼来源：《WTO经济导刊》2015年第02期欧洲标准一向被视为国际上对环境保护和健康要求最高的标准，2014年7月下旬，欧盟委员会健康与消费者总司修改了第（EC）No396/2005号法规中有关二氯丙烯、甲羧除草醚、精二甲吩草胺、调环酸、甲苯氟磺胺及氟乐灵等6种农药的最大残留限量（MRL），又一次抬高了食品的市场准入要求。

这意味着从法规开始生效之日起即2015年元月左右，向欧盟出口农食产品的企业将会面临检验成本的上升、农残壁垒提高等诸多考验。

本文从农食产品领域公认的国际标准、其他国家标准，以及我国农药残留的国家标准等角度，比对分析欧洲标准提出的6种农药残留限值是一个什么标准水平，并且进一步探讨我国面临农食产品出口壁垒的应对策略。

最新农残法规标准“来势凶猛”2014年7月下旬，欧盟委员会健康与消费者总司公布了最新的农残法规修订结果，修改了第（EC）No396/2005号法规中有关二氯丙烯、甲羧除草醚、精二甲吩草胺、调环酸、甲苯氟磺胺及氟乐灵等6种农药的最大残留限量（MRL），具体标准限值如下：目前法规修订案已经在欧盟理事会的例行会议中获得通过。

按照正常程序，法规历经公布和评议后，将从2015年1月1日起正式实施。

从我国农食产业发展的基本国情来看，一旦农残壁垒措施发挥效力，出口欧盟的农食产品企业势将面临严峻考验。

欧盟此次对（EC）No396/2005号法规的修订并非农食产品农药残留的首次修订，但是涉及到的产品范围非常广泛。

从海关HS编码分类来看，此次修订影响到的农食产品大类有粮谷、动物源性食品、以及包括植物和蔬菜在内的植物源性食品，在这些大类目下又涵盖了近百种我国大面积种植的农食产品。

我国受欧盟新“农残”标准规制程度大我国“农残”标准和欧盟新标准之间存差距。

我国农食产品标准和国外技术标准之间存在差距。

以我国现行农药残留标准GB2763-2014为例，与此次欧盟新“农残”标准指标对比之下，我国标准对物质限量指标。

欧盟法规（EC）No.1881/2006（2006年12月19日）-本法规自发布之日起20日生效，实行日期是2007年3月1日。

-对等此法规，我国的同等法规包括：《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》（GB 18406.4-2001）《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》（GB2733-2005）《腌制水产品卫生标准》（GB10136-2005）《动物性水产干制品卫生标准》（GB10144-2005）《食品中污染物限量》（GB2762-2005）《食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB2763-2005）《出口水产品质量安全控制规范》（GB/Z 21702-2008）《水产品加工质量管理规范》（SC/T 3009-1999）《水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定GB/T 19857—2005》《水产品卫生标准的分析方法》GB5009.45《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》（NY5073－2001）《中华人民共和国动物及动物源性食品残留物质监控计划》《动物性食品中兽药最高残留量》（农业部公告第2002[235号]）《禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药物品种目录》《食品动物禁用的兽药及其它化合物清单》《水产养殖质量安全管理规定》此法规主要描述：- 制定新的食品污染物限量，取代原有法规（No 466/2001）的相关要求。

- 保护人类身体健康，保证食品污染物在可接受水平。

- 根据对等性原则检测食品污染物以规避欧盟成员间法律的不等效性和竞争压力。

- 本法规检验方法与食品链和动物健康常务委员会一致。

- 干燥、稀释、加工和多组分食品没有具体限量要求，应提供具体浓度和稀释倍数，并附相关证明性的实验数据。

- 超出限量的产品不能销售。

- 食品标签中标注污染物含量。

- 部分产自波罗的海鱼种（二恶英和二恶英类似多氯联苯超出限量）不再范围内。

- 要求使用同样的采样和分析方法。

- 本法规主要介绍了水产品中汞和甲基汞、无机锡、二恶英和多氯联苯、多环芳烃的限量要求。

欧盟法规（EC）No.1881/2006（2006年12月19日）-本法规自发布之日起20日生效，实行日期是2007年3月1日。

-对等此法规，我国的同等法规包括：《农产品安全质量无公害水产品安全要求》（GB 18406.4-2001）《鲜、冻动物性水产品卫生标准》（GB2733-2005）《腌制水产品卫生标准》（GB10136-2005）《动物性水产干制品卫生标准》（GB10144-2005）《食品中污染物限量》（GB2762-2005）《食品中农药最大残留限量》（GB2763-2005）《出口水产品质量安全控制规范》（GB/Z 21702-2008）《水产品加工质量管理规范》（SC/T 3009-1999）《水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定GB/T 19857—2005》《水产品卫生标准的分析方法》GB5009.45《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》（NY5073－2001）《中华人民共和国动物及动物源性食品残留物质监控计划》《动物性食品中兽药最高残留量》（农业部公告第2002[235号]）《禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药物品种目录》《食品动物禁用的兽药及其它化合物清单》《水产养殖质量安全管理规定》此法规主要描述：- 制定新的食品污染物限量，取代原有法规（No 466/2001）的相关要求。

- 保护人类身体健康，保证食品污染物在可接受水平。

- 根据对等性原则检测食品污染物以规避欧盟成员间法律的不等效性和竞争压力。

- 本法规检验方法与食品链和动物健康常务委员会一致。

- 干燥、稀释、加工和多组分食品没有具体限量要求，应提供具体浓度和稀释倍数，并附相关证明性的实验数据。

- 超出限量的产品不能销售。

- 食品标签中标注污染物含量。

- 部分产自波罗的海鱼种（二恶英和二恶英类似多氯联苯超出限量）不再范围内。

- 要求使用同样的采样和分析方法。

- 本法规主要介绍了水产品中汞和甲基汞、无机锡、二恶英和多氯联苯、多环芳烃的限量要求。

欧洲议会和理事会指令94／36／EC食品着色剂指令(OJ L 237，10．9．1994，p．13)修订情况：修订 标注 修订指令 官方公报卷号 页码 日期M1 2003年9月29日欧洲议会和理事会法规(EC)No 1882／2003L 284 1 2003-10-3l 注：文中凡被修订的条款均加注T M1的上标，修订指令M1的生效日期为2003年11月20日。

欧洲议会和欧盟理事会，考虑到建立欧洲共同体的条约，特别是其第lOOa条，考虑到理事会1988年12月21日关于使各成员国食品添加剂法律趋于一致的指令S9／107／EEC(OJ NoI+40，11．2．1989，p．27。

指令已被指令94／34／EC修订)，特别是其第3条第2款，考虑到委员会的提案（OJ No C 12，8．1．1992，p．7）考虑到经济与社会委员会的意见（OJ No C 313，30．11，1992，p．1）按照条约（1993年3月10日的欧洲议会意 (OJ NoCll5，26．4．1993，p．105)，1993年12月2日确认(OJ Nol’342，20．12．1993)，1994年3月9日理事会的共同见解(未在官方公报上发布)以及1994年3月9日欧洲议会的决议 (OJ No C 91，28．3．1．994，p．79）89b 条规定的程序采取措施，鉴于各国用于食品的着色剂使用条件法律的差异阻碍了食品的自由流通；鉴于这些差异可能会为不公平的竞争创造条件；鉴于针对这些食品添加剂的任何规则和使用条件主要考虑的应是保护和告知消费者的需求；鉴于一种食品添加剂只有在有证据表明是技术上的需求并且它的使用不会危害人类健康时，方可使用；鉴于着色剂是用来恢复那些色泽由于加工、储存、包装和分销受到影响，并因此可能会损坏其视觉可接受性的食品本身原来所具有的外观；鉴于着色剂是用来使食品视觉上更吸引人并帮助鉴别通常与特殊食品相关的风味以及赋予无色食品以颜色；鉴于有必要包含某些用于肉类卫生标记的着色剂，而加盖卫生标记是根据指令9l／497／EEC(OJ No 268，24．9．1991，p．69。

欧盟委员会关于食品中污染物最高水平的修订规则No 1881/2006委员会条例(EC) No 629/20082008.7.2对条例（EC）No 1881/2006关于食品中特定污染物最高含量的修订欧共体委员会考虑到建立欧共体的条约考虑到1993年2月8日的理事会条例(EEC)315/93制订关于食品污染物的委员会程序，尤其是其中的条款2（3）。

鉴于：（1）委员会条例1881/2006 (2)制定的关于食物中某些污染物的最高水平，包括金属铅、镉、汞的最高水平。

（2）。

为了保护公众健康，保持污染物的水平不会造成健康问题，它是必不可少的。

最高水平的铅、镉和汞必须是安全，且基于良好生产和农业/ 渔业规范，在可能达到的情况下尽量降低。

（3）在新的资讯，良好农业和渔业规范的基础上，不容许在某些水生物种和真菌中铅、镉和汞的浓度继续维持No 1881/2006附件的含量。

这就要修改其最高含量以限制那些污染物，从而保持对消费者健康保护的高水平。

（4）高浓度的铅、镉和汞已在2002年6月10日欧洲议会和理事会制订的2002/46/EC号决定第2条款中规定的某些食品添加剂及成员国类似法规中发现。

与食品添加剂有关的各州成员国通过“食品、饲料快速预警系统（RASFF）”被通知到。

这些食品添加剂中显著的存在着铅、镉和汞。

因此应当适当的限制食品添加剂中的铅、镉和汞的最高水平。

这些最高水平的规定必须是安全的、合理的，是建立在良好的制造规范基础之上的。

（5）海藻能自然的累积镉。

专门或主要的由干燥的海藻构成的食品添加剂较其它组分的添加剂会含有更多的金属镉。

考虑到这一点，对食品添加剂中镉金属高水平的最大限制就以专门或主要由海藻构成的食品添加剂为准。

（6）各会员国和所有食品业经营者应用一定时间来适应新的最高水平的食品添加剂，食品添加剂最高水平的应用因此应推迟。

（7）一项修正案，附件脚注1的规定（欧共体）No 1881/2006有必要要澄清一点，即该最高水平的限制并不适用于树上的坚果类食物。

国家质量监督检验检疫总局关于印发欧盟委员会《动植物产品农药残留最高限量》的通知文章属性•【制定机关】国家质量监督检验检疫总局(已撤销)•【公布日期】2002.12.16•【文号】国质检动函[2002]875号•【施行日期】2002.12.16•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】质量管理和监督正文国家质量监督检验检疫总局关于印发欧盟委员会《动植物产品农药残留最高限量》的通知（2002年12月16日国质检动函[2002]875号）各直属检验检疫局：2002年7月土6日，欧盟委员会公布了部分水果、蔬菜、谷物及某些动植物源性食品农药残留限量最高水平(欧盟委员会2002/66/EC 号指令)，修正了委员会指令76/395/EEC，86/362/EEC，86/363/EEC，及90/642/EEC。

现将该指令参考译文印发你局，请认真研究并在进出口动植物及其产品检验检疫工作中参考使用。

原文请查阅欧盟网站：http：//www．Europa.eu.int/eur-lex/附件：欧盟委员会第2002/66/EC号指令参考译文附件：欧盟委员会第2002/66/EC号指令（2002年7月16日）修订76／395／EEC，86／362／EEC，86／363／EEC和90／642／EEC委员会指令附录中关于水果、蔬菜、谷物、动物源食品及部分植物源食品包括水果、蔬菜及其表皮中的农药最大残留限量欧盟委员会，考虑到欧盟确立的条约；考虑到1976年11月23日发布的关于更改水果、蔬菜及其表皮中最大农药残留限量的76／895／EEC号委员会指令已被2000／82／EC号委员会指令重新修订，特别是其中的第5条；考虑到1986年7月24日发布的关于更改谷物及其表皮中最大农药残留限量的86／362／EEC号委员会指令已被2002／42／EC号委员会指令重新修订，特别是其中的第10条；考虑到1986年7月24日发布的关于更改动物源食品或其表面中最大农药残留限量的86／363／EEC号委员会指令已被2002／42／EC号委员会指令重新修订，特别是其中的第10条；考虑到1990年11月27日发布的关于更改植物源类食品，包括水果、蔬菜及其表皮中最大农药残留限量的90／642／EEC号委员会指令已被2002／42／EC号委员会指令重新修订，特别是其中的第7条；因而(1)对于谷物和包括水果、蔬菜的植物源产品，残留限量应该反映农药可获得对植物的有效保护的最小使用量，应基于这样一个观点：残留限量既要尽可能的低又要使农药的毒力可以接受，特别考虑要保护环境，根据每日最大允许摄入量保护消费者的身体健康。

欧盟重金属限量标准中国SPS通报咨询中心提供一、铅1 铅Lead未加工的牛奶, 热处理的牛奶和以牛奶为原料加工的奶制品Raw milk , heat-treated milk and milk forthe man欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in2 铅Lead婴儿食品和后续食品Infant formulae and follow-on formulae欧盟The maximum level refersto the products ready to3 铅Lead牛、羊、猪和家禽肉,不包括下Meat excluding offal of bovine animals,sheep, p欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R4 铅Lead牛、羊、猪和家禽的下水Offal of bovine animals, sheep, pig andpoultry欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R5 铅Lead鱼的肌肉Muscle meat of fish欧盟Fish listed in this categoryas defined in categor6 铅Lead甲壳类, 不包括螃蟹的褐色肉、龙虾和大小相当的甲壳类Nephropidae and PalinurCrustaceans, excluding brown meat of craband excl欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th7 铅Lead双壳类动物Bivalve molluscs欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th8 铅Lead头足类动物Cephalopods without viscera欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th9 铅Lead谷类、豆荚和豆科植物Cereals, legumes and pulses欧盟10 铅Lead蔬菜,不包括芸苔蔬菜、叶类蔬菜、新鲜草药和菌类,土豆的最大限量适用于去皮土豆Vegetables, excluding brassica vegetables,leaf ve欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru11 铅Lead芸苔蔬菜、叶类蔬菜和食用菌Brassica vegetables, leaf vegetables andcultivate欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru12 铅Lead果实,不包括浆果和小果实Fruit, excluding berries and small fruit欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru13 铅Lead浆果和小果Berries and small fruit欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru14 铅Lead脂肪和油,包括奶油Fats and oils, including milk fat欧盟15 铅Lead果汁,作为重新制造的浓缩果汁和果蜜Fruit juices, concentrated fruit juices asreconst欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in C16 铅Lead酒包括汽酒,不包括利口酒,苹果酒,梨酒和果酒Wine including sparkling wine, excludingliqueur欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in17 铅Lead香酒、加酒芬香的饮料和加酒芬香的鸡尾酒Aromatized wine, aromatized wine-baseddrinks and欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in二、镉1 镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪和家禽肉,不包括下水Meat excluding offal of bovine animals,sheep, p欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R2 镉Cadmium马肉,不包括下水Horsemeat, excluding offal 6欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R3 镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪、家禽、马肝脏Liver of bovine animals, sheep, pig,poultry and h欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R4 镉Cadmium牛、羊、猪、家禽、马肾脏Kidney of bovine animals, sheep, pig,poultry and欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in R5 镉Cadmium鱼肉,不包括和中列出的那些鱼肉Muscle meat of fish , excluding specieslisted in欧盟Fish listed in thiscategory as defined incategor6 镉Cadmium下列鱼的肉：凤尾鱼Engraulis 种、鲣Sarda sarda、常见的Muscle meat of the followingfish :anchovy Engrau欧盟Fish listed in thiscategory as defined incategor7 镉Cadmium旗鱼的肉Xiphias gladiusMuscle meat of swordfish Xiphias欧盟Fish listed in thiscategory as defined ingladius categor8 镉Cadmium甲壳类, 不包括螃蟹的褐色肉、龙虾和大小相当的甲壳类Nephropidae andPalinurCrustaceans, excluding brown meat ofcrab and excl欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th9 镉Cadmium双壳类软体动物Bivalve molluscs欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th10 镉Cadmium头足类软体动物没有内脏Cephalopods without viscera欧盟Foodstuffs falling withincategory © and f of th11 镉Cadmium谷物不包括麸、酵母、小麦和大米Cereals excluding bran, germ, wheat andrice欧盟12 镉Cadmium麸、酵母、小麦和大米Bran, germ, wheat and rice欧盟13 镉Cadmium大豆Soybeans欧盟14 镉Cadmium蔬菜和水果,叶类蔬菜除外,茎类蔬菜,松子,根类蔬菜和马铃薯Vegetables and fruit, excluding leafvegetables, f欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru15 镉Cadmium叶类蔬菜,新鲜中草药,食用菌和块根芹Leaf vegetables, fresh herbs, cultivatedfungi and欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru16 镉Cadmium茎类蔬菜,根类蔬菜和番茄,块根芹;土豆的最大限量适用于去皮土豆Stem vegetables, root vegetables andpotatoes, exc欧盟The maximum levelapplies after washing ofthe fru三、汞1 汞Mercury渔类产品和鱼肉,不包括列的那些;最大限量也适用于甲壳类, 不包括螃蟹的褐色肉、龙虾Fishery products and muscle meat offish , excl欧盟Foodstuffs fallingwithin category © and fof2 汞Mercury下列鱼的肌肉: 华脐鱼Lophiusspecies、大西洋鲶鱼Anarhimeat of the following fish : anglerfis欧盟Fish listed in thiscategory as defined incategor四、锡1 锡Tin所有罐装食品饮料除外Canned foods other than beverages200欧盟2 锡Tin罐装饮料,包括果汁和蔬菜汁Canned beverages, including fruit juicesand veget100欧盟3 锡Tin罐装的婴儿食品和婴儿和小孩以谷类为基础加工的食品,不包括干的的和粉末类产品Canned baby foods and processedcereal-based foods50欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in C4 锡Tin罐装婴儿食品和婴儿食品的延续物包括婴儿牛奶和延续奶粉, 不包括干燥的和粉末产品Canned infant formulae and follow-onformulae inc50欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in C5 锡Tin用于特定婴儿的、特定医疗目的的罐装婴儿食品, 干燥和粉状产品除外Canned dietary foods for special medicalpurposes50欧盟Foodstuffs listed in thiscategory as defined in C。

欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的最新法规欧盟关于食品污染物最高限量的最新法规（EC 1881/2006号条例）于2007年3月1日正式生效，同时废止了原EC 466/2001号食品污染物限量法规。

新法规确定的允许食品所含最高限量的污染物包括：第一类：硝酸盐（Nitrate）主要涉及新鲜和冷冻菠菜，生菜等。

第二类：真菌毒素（Mycotoxins），其中2.1黄曲霉毒素（Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, M1）主要涉及花生，带皮坚果，干果，粮食，玉米，原奶，部分调味品等2.2 赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A）主要涉及未加工粮食，葡萄干，咖啡豆，葡萄酒，葡萄汁等2.3棒曲霉毒素（Patulin）主要涉及果汁，果酒，苹果食品2.4 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（Deoxynivalenol）主要涉及其他未加工粮食如硬麦，燕麦，玉米等，面团，面包等2.5 玉米烯酮（Zearalenone）其他未加工粮食和玉米，直接食用的粮食粉、麸皮、植物胚胎，面包等2.6 伏马霉菌B1、B2（Fumonisins，B1和B2）主要涉及玉米、玉米碴，玉米胚胎，玉米油，玉米食品2.7 T-2 & HT-2毒素主要涉及未加工粮食和粮食制品第三类：重金属，其中3.1 铅（Lead）主要涉及原奶，（牛、羊、猪和禽类）的肉、副产品，鱼的肌肉，虾类，贝类，头足纲动物，豆荚蔬菜和水果，部分蔬菜和水果，莓类水果，脂肪，果汁，葡萄酒等3.2 镉（Cadmium）主要涉及肉，动物的肝、肾，鱼的肌肉，虾类，贝类，头足纲动物，粮食，黄豆，蔬菜和水果等3.3汞（Mercury）主要涉及鱼制品，鱼的肌肉等3.4 无机锡（Tin, inorganic）主要涉及罐头食品等第四类：三氯丙醇（3-MCPD）主要涉及植物蛋白和酱油。

第五类：二恶英及类二恶英多氯联苯(Dioxins & Dioxin-like PCBs)主要涉及牛、羊、猪和禽类的肉、脂肪和肉制品，肝，鱼的肌肉，原奶，鸡蛋和蛋制品，动物和植物脂肪等第六类：苯并(a)吡（Benzo(a)pyrene）主要涉及直接食用的脂肪，熏制肉制品，虾类，贝类等。

EC 1881-2006中文版食品中特定污染物的最大限量委员会法规（EC）No 1881/20062006年12月19日发布规定食品中特定污染物的最大限量附录第一部分硝酸盐食品(1) 最大限量（mg NO3/kg）1.1 新鲜菠菜（2）10.1-3.31收获3000 4.1-9.30收获25001.2 保存、深低温冷冻或冷冻菠菜20001.3 新鲜生菜（莴苣）（有防护和室外生长的莴苣）不包括1.4中列出的莴苣10.1-3.31收获覆膜生菜4500露天生长的生菜40004.1-9.30收获覆膜莴苣3500露天生长的莴苣25001.4 冰型生菜覆膜生菜2500 露天生长的生菜20001.5 为婴儿和儿童加工的谷物制品和婴幼儿食品（3）（4）200第二部分毒枝菌素食品(1) 最大限量（μg/kg）2.1 黄曲霉毒素B1B1、B2、G1、G2 的总和M12.1.1 在食用落花生或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理8（5）15（5）—2.1.2 在食用坚果或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理5（5）10（5）—2.1.3 用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的落花生、坚果和其他加工制品2（5）4（5）—2.1.4 在食用干制水果或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 5 10 —2.1.5 用于人类直接食用或作为食品配料的干制水果和其他加工制品 2 4 —2.1.6 所有谷物及其制品，包括经加工的谷物制品（2.1.7、2.1.10、2.1.12列出的食品除外） 2 4 —2.1.7 在食用玉米或将其作为食品配料之前应对其进行挑选，或者进行其他的物理处理 5 10 —2.1.8 生乳（6）、热处理牛奶和用于制造奶制品的奶——0.052.1.9 以下调味料种类：辣椒粉（干制水果和其他，包括辣椒、辣椒粉）；胡椒粉（其他水果、包括白胡椒和黑胡椒）肉豆蔻（肉豆蔻的种子）；姜提取物（姜）；姜黄（姜黄粉） 5 10 —2.1.10 为婴儿和儿童加工的谷物制品和婴幼儿食品（3）（7）0.1 ——2.1.11 婴幼儿奶粉和较大婴幼儿奶粉、包括婴幼儿牛奶和较大婴幼儿奶（4、8）————0.0252.1.12 专用于婴幼儿的有特殊医疗目的（9、10）的食疗食品0.1 ——0.0252.2 赭曲霉素A2.2.1 未加工的谷物 52.2.2 所有经未加工谷物制成的产品，包括加工谷物制品和直接供人类食用的谷物（2.2.9、2.2.10中列出的除外） 32.2.3 干燥藤本科植物水果（黑醋栗、葡萄干、无子葡萄干）102.2.4 炒咖啡豆、炒咖啡粉不包括速溶咖啡 5 2.2.5 速溶咖啡102.2.6 葡萄酒（包括汽酒、不包括烈酒和酒精度不小于15%的酒）和果酒（11） 22.2.7 放香味酒、以放香味酒为主要配料的饮料酒及放香味酒制品鸡尾酒（13）2（12）2.2.8 葡萄汁、浓缩葡萄汁（象再造），葡萄花蜜、象再造的葡萄汁和浓缩葡萄汁，直接饮用的2（12）2.2.9 为婴幼儿和儿童加工的谷物食品和婴儿食品（3、7）0.52.2.10 专用于婴幼儿的有特殊医疗目的（9、10）的食疗食品0.52.2.11 生咖啡、干燥水果（非干燥疼本科植物水果）、啤酒、可可及可可制品、烈性酒、肉制品、香辛料及甘草精——2.3 抗生物（棒曲霉素）2.3.1 果汁、浓缩果汁及水果花蜜（14）502.3.2 酒精饮料（15）苹果酒和其他以苹果为原料或包含苹果汁的发酵饮料502.3.3 固体苹果制品包括糖渍苹果、直接食用的苹果汤类（不包括2.3.4、2.3.5中列出的食品）252.3.4 苹果汁及固体苹果制品，包括苹果糖渍苹果和苹果汤类，婴幼儿及儿童（16）食用或者有此类标识或按此标准销售（4）102.3.5 婴幼儿食品（非加工谷物制品），专用于婴幼儿及儿童（3、4）102.4 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（17）2.4.1 未加工的谷物（18、19）而非硬质小麦、燕麦及玉米12502.4.2 未加工硬质小麦、燕麦（18、19）1750 2.4.3 未加工玉米（18）1750（20）2.4.4 人类直接食用的谷物、谷物淀粉（包括玉米淀粉、玉米粉、和粗玉米粉（21））7502.4.5 面食（干的）（22）7502.4.6 面包（包括小的面包制品）、糕点、饼干、谷物点心、和早餐用麦片5002.4.7 婴幼儿及儿童食用加工谷物食品及婴幼儿食品（3、7）2002.5 玉米烯酮（霉菌毒素）2.5.1 非玉米未加工谷物（18、19）100 2.5.2 未加工玉米（18）200（20）2.5.3 直接供人类食用的谷物、谷物淀粉、在市场上销售的供人类直接食用的糠（作为终产品）及胚芽不包括在2.5.4、2.5.7及2.5.8中列出的产品752.5.4 直接供人类食用的玉米、玉米淀粉、玉米粉、粗玉米淀粉、玉米胚芽及精制玉米油（21）200（20）2.5.5 面包（包括小的面包制品）、糕点、饼干、谷物点心、和早餐用麦片502.5.6 玉米点心及以玉米为主料的早餐麦片粥50（20）2.5.7 加工谷物食品（不包括加工玉米食品）及专供婴幼儿及儿童食用的婴儿食品20（20）2.5.8 加工玉米食品，专供婴幼儿及儿童食用（3、7）20（20）2.6 伏马菌素B1和B2的总和2.6.1 未加工的玉米（18）2000（23）2.6.2 玉米淀粉、脱胚玉米粉、粗玉米粉、玉米胚芽油及精制玉米油1000（23）2.6.3 供人类直接食用的玉米制品，不包括2.6.2、2.6.4列出的食品400（23）2.6.4 加工的玉米制品及婴儿食品，专供婴幼儿及儿童食用200（23）2.7 T-2毒素及HT-2毒素T-2毒素及HT-2毒素总和2.7.1 未经加工的谷物及谷物制品第三部分：重金属食品(1) 最大限量（mg/kg）3.1 铅3.1.1 生乳（6）、热处理牛奶和用于制造奶制品的奶0.02 3.1.2 婴幼儿配方及较大婴幼儿配方（4、8）0.02 3.1.3 牛肉、羊肉、猪肉、及禽肉（6）（不包括内脏）0.1 3.1.4 牛、羊、猪及禽的内脏（6）0.5 3.1.5 鱼肉（24、25）0.33.1.6 甲壳类动物，不包括褐色蟹肉、龙虾胸肉及类似的大甲壳动物（海螯虾科和龙虾科）（26）0.53.1.7 双壳贝类（26） 1.5 3.1.8 头足类（出去内脏） 1 3.1.9 谷物、豆类蔬菜及豆类0.23.1.10 蔬菜，不包括芸薹属蔬菜、叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植物及真菌（27）.马铃薯的限量按照去皮马铃薯计算0.13.1.11 芸薹蔬菜、叶类蔬菜及养殖真菌0.3 3.1.12 水果，不包括草莓及小水果（27）0.1 3.1.13 草莓及小水果（27）0.2 3.1.14 脂肪和油，不包括乳脂0.1 3.1.15 水果汁、浓缩果汁及水果花蜜（14）0.053.1.16 葡萄酒（包括汽酒、不包括烈酒）、苹果酒、梨酒及果酒（11）0.2（28）3.1.17 加香葡萄酒、加香葡萄酒饮料及加香鸡尾酒（13）0.2（28）3.2 镉3.2.1 牛、羊、猪及禽肉（不包括内脏）（6）0.05 3.2.2 马肉，不包括内脏0.2 3.2.3 牛、羊、猪、禽及马内脏（6）0.5 3.2.4 牛、羊、猪、禽及马肾脏（6） 1 3.2.5 鱼肉（24、25）不包括3.2.6及3.2.7中列出的种类0.053.2.6 以下这些鱼类的肌肉：凤尾鱼（鳀鱼类）、鲣鱼(沙丁鱼类)、鲷（鲷科）、鳗（鳗鱼）、乌鱼（鲻鱼类）、竹夹鱼（竹夹鱼类）、鲯鲭（鲯鲭科）、沙丁鱼（沙丁鱼）、沙丁鱼（沙丁鱼类）、金枪鱼（鲔属）、楔型鱼（鳎鱼）0.13.2.7 箭鱼肉（箭鱼）（24、25）0.33.2.8 甲壳类动物，不包括褐色蟹肉、龙虾胸肉及类似的大甲壳动物（海螯虾科和龙虾科）（26）0.53.2.9 双壳贝类（26） 1 3.2.10 头足类（出去内脏）（26） 1 3.2.11 谷物（糠、胚芽、小麦、大米除外）0.1 3.2.12 糠、胚芽、小麦、大米0.1 3.2.13 大豆0.23.2.14 蔬菜和水果，不包括叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植物、真菌、茎类蔬菜、花生、根类蔬菜及马铃薯（27）0.053.2.15 叶类蔬菜、新鲜草本植物、种植真菌及芹菜（27）0.23.2.16 茎、根类蔬菜及马铃薯不包括芹菜。

欧盟最新食品农药残留限量标准研究王文君; 陈琼【期刊名称】《《WTO经济导刊》》【年(卷),期】2015(000)002【总页数】3页(P90-92)【作者】王文君; 陈琼【作者单位】湖北省标准化研究院【正文语种】中文欧洲标准一向被视为国际上对环境保护和健康要求最高的标准，2014年7月下旬，欧盟委员会健康与消费者总司修改了第(EC)No396/2005号法规中有关二氯丙烯、甲羧除草醚、精二甲吩草胺、调环酸、甲苯氟磺胺及氟乐灵等6种农药的最大残留限量(MRL)，又一次抬高了食品的市场准入要求。

这意味着从法规开始生效之日起即2015年元月左右，向欧盟出口农食产品的企业将会面临检验成本的上升、农残壁垒提高等诸多考验。

本文从农食产品领域公认的国际标准、其他国家标准，以及我国农药残留的国家标准等角度，比对分析欧洲标准提出的6种农药残留限值是一个什么标准水平，并且进一步探讨我国面临农食产品出口壁垒的应对策略。

2014年7月下旬，欧盟委员会健康与消费者总司公布了最新的农残法规修订结果，修改了第(EC) No396/2005号法规中有关二氯丙烯、甲羧除草醚、精二甲吩草胺、调环酸、甲苯氟磺胺及氟乐灵等6种农药的最大残留限量(MRL)，具体标准限值如下：目前法规修订案已经在欧盟理事会的例行会议中获得通过。

按照正常程序，法规历经公布和评议后，将从2015年1月1日起正式实施。

从我国农食产业发展的基本国情来看，一旦农残壁垒措施发挥效力，出口欧盟的农食产品企业势将面临严峻考验。

欧盟此次对(EC)No396/2005号法规的修订并非农食产品农药残留的首次修订，但是涉及到的产品范围非常广泛。

从海关HS编码分类来看，此次修订影响到的农食产品大类有粮谷、动物源性食品、以及包括植物和蔬菜在内的植物源性食品，在这些大类目下又涵盖了近百种我国大面积种植的农食产品。

我国“农残”标准和欧盟新标准之间存差距。

我国农食产品标准和国外技术标准之间存在差距。

欧洲议会和欧盟理事会2002/32/EC指令
（更新至第14版）
动物饲料中的不良物质
附件1
第二部分：霉菌毒素
第三部分：内源性植物毒素
第四部分：有机氯化合物（除二恶英和多氯联苯）
第五节：二恶英和多氯联苯
第六部分：有害的植物杂质
附件二
正如在4（2）条所述，各成员国实施调查的行动阈值二恶英和多氯联苯
（4）确定污染源。

一旦被确定，采取适当措施，在可能的情况下，减少或消除污染源。

（5）在许多情况下，当本底水平在某些领域已接近或高于行动水平，它可能没有必要进行调查的污染源。

然而，在情况下，一旦超出行动水平，所有的信息，如采样周期，地理来源，鱼类物种等……必须记录，以期今后采取进一步的措施管理存在于这些材料中的二恶英和二恶英类化合物。