因子分析

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因子分析

请结合下面的练习题:

1. 理解因子分析的意义,作用和操作过程。

2. 理解因子分析过程中旋转的作用

3. 理解因子得分(Component Score Coefficient)的含义,并由此写出主要成分的表达式。并进一步体会主要成份对数据分析的实际意义。

一、现有数据表格如下表所示。

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 V7 V8 V9

4 4 1 5 1 5 5 5 5

1 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 2

4 4 3 4 1 4 4 4 3

2 3 3 4 1 4 3 4 1

2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 2

3 3 3 3 2 4 3 2 2

4 4 2 4 3 5 4 4 3

4 5 2 5 4 5 2 1 2

4 3 3 4 2 4 4 5 3

1 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 3

2 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 1

4 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4

3 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 2

4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4

1 1 5 1 3 3 3 3 3

3 3 2 3 3 5 4 5 4

4 3 4 4 3 4 4 1 4

4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3

1 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

4 4 2 3 1 5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4 2 5 4 4 4

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 2

4 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4

4 4 2 4 1 4 4 4 2

2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 2

5 5 3 5 1 5 5 4 4

4 3 4 2 2 3 2 2 2

(1) 进行KMO和Bartlett’s球形检验,检验该数据是否适合做因子分析。 KMO and Bartlett's Test.779115.67036.000Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of SamplingAdequacy.Approx. Chi-SquaredfSig.Bartlett's Test ofSphericity

KMO和Bartlett’s球形检验表明,系数为0.779,p<.05,适合做因子分析。

(2) Method旋转方法Rotation可以首先使用“none”,既不进行旋转,观察可以生成几个主成分以及各个变量对各个主成分的载荷贡献。

Total Variance Explained4.18246.47046.4704.18246.47046.4701.39915.54162.0101.39915.54162.0101.19413.26875.2781.19413.26875.278.7458.27983.557.4464.95688.514.3373.74192.254.3223.57695.831.2332.58698.417.1421.583100.000Component123456789Total% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %Initial EigenvaluesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Scree PlotComponent Number987654321Eigenvalue543210

Component Matrixa.830.259-6.25E-02.811.155-.344.810.208-.191.803.185-.444.772-.325.299.673-1.19E-02.560.672-.314.465-.149.765.213-.112.664.418V6V4V1V2V7V9V8V5V3123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.3 components extracted.a.

Component Score Coefficient Matrix.194.148-.160.192.132-.371-.027.475.350.194.111-.288-.036.547.178.198.185-.052.185-.232.250.161-.224.389.161-.008.469V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

从以上图表可以看出生成3个主成分,各个变量对各个主成分的载荷贡献见表component

Matrix

(3) 使用Varimax方差最大旋转,即正交矩阵旋转法,观察各个变量对各个主成分的载荷贡献有没有改变?

Total Variance Explained4.18246.47046.4704.18246.47046.4703.06934.10034.1001.39915.54162.0101.39915.54162.0102.31825.75459.8551.19413.26875.2781.19413.26875.2781.38815.42475.278.7458.27983.557.4464.95688.514.3373.74192.254.3223.57695.831.2332.58698.417.1421.583100.000Component123456789Total% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %Initial EigenvaluesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsRotation Sums of Squared LoadingsExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Scree PlotComponent Number987654321Eigenvalue543210

Component Matrixa.830.259-6.25E-02.811.155-.344.810.208-.191.803.185-.444.772-.325.299.673-1.19E-02.560.672-.314.465-.149.765.213-.112.664.418V6V4V1V2V7V9V8V5V3123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.3 components extracted.a. Rotated Component Matrixa.923.107-.109.868.195-9.33E-02.806.2922.051E-02.774.383.120.183.843-.146.238.826.166.344.785-.2383.365E-02-.156.792-7.77E-024.688E-02.788V2V4V1V6V8V9V7V5V3123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.Rotation converged in 4 iterations.a.

Component Score Coefficient Matrix.285-.043.043.387-.196-.063-.040.104.580.338-.127-.046.066-.049.570.246.028.123-.062.365-.117-.150.450-.047-.118.447.181V1V2V3V4V5V6V7V8V9123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

从以上图表可以看出生成3个主成分,各个变量对各个主成分的载荷贡献见表component

Matrix,正交旋转后的载荷见rotated component Matrix,从两表可以看出,旋转前后负载贡献值发生了变化,旋转使每一个因子在某一主成分上的载荷最大,在其它主成分上载荷变小。

(4) 使用Direct Oblimin直接斜交旋转法,观察该方法是否可以使每个因子上变量的载荷最大?

Total Variance Explained4.18246.47046.4704.18246.47046.4703.6791.39915.54162.0101.39915.54162.0101.4121.19413.26875.2781.19413.26875.2783.032.7458.27983.557.4464.95688.514.3373.74192.254.3223.57695.831.2332.58698.417.1421.583100.000Component123456789Total% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %TotalInitial EigenvaluesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsRotationSums ofExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.When components are correlated, sums of squared loadings cannot be added to obtain a total variance.a.

Scree PlotComponent Number987654321Eigenvalue543210

Component Matrixa.830.259-6.25E-02.811.155-.344.810.208-.191.803.185-.444.772-.325.299.673-1.19E-02.560.672-.314.465-.149.765.213-.112.664.418V6V4V1V2V7V9V8V5V3123ComponentExtraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.3 components extracted.a.