近年高考英语一轮复习语法专题讲义北师大版(2021年整理)

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2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

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2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

2 / 2252 语法专题

专题一名词和冠词

语法项目(一) 名 词

名词的数

——典题尝试(单句语法填空)

1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)It ran for just under seven kilometers and

allowed people to avoid terrible crowds (crowd) on the roads above

as they travelled to and from work.

2.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) She has turned down several invitations

(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies。

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies (study) show that we are far

more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly。

——规则点拨

1.物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别。

fishes各种鱼 fruits各种水果 steels各种钢材

2.物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。

a cup of tea一杯茶

two pairs of trousers两条裤子

four pieces of bread四片面包

3.有些名词的单数和复数形式表示不同的含义.

work(工作)→works(著作)

arm(手臂)→arms(军火)

glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜)

cloth(布)→clothes(衣服)

4.有些名词既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词,但是意义不同。 2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

3 / 2253 room空间→a room一间房

glass玻璃→a glass一个玻璃杯子

chicken鸡肉→a chicken一只小鸡

paper纸→a paper一张报纸

5.有些名词形似单数,但实为复数,如police, people.

6.有些名词单复数同形。

如means,aircraft,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,works(工厂), cattle.

7.有些名词若被看作整体就用作单数,若被看作组成该集体的各个成员就用作复数。

class, family, couple, audience, government, public。

8.有些名词经常以复数形式出现.

glasses眼镜 clothes衣服

goods货物 trousers裤子

ashes灰尘 surroundings环境

belongings所有物 congratulations祝贺

have words with sb.同某人吵架

9.合成名词的复数。

go。between→go。betweens(中间人),

grown。up→grown.ups, passer。by→passers。by。

[注意事项] 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词复数形式一般加­es.watch—watches(此时ch的发音是/tʃ/),而stomach—stomachs (此时ch的发音是/k/)例外。

-—对点演练(单句改错)

1. (2018·山东临沂一模)In China, I always spend the Spring

Festival with Chinese family, eating dumplings, laughing and

joking.family→families_

2.(2018·江西省高三第二次联考) As we returned home, I gathered 2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

4 / 2254 some item.

item→items

3.(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模) What's

more, we should improve

our method of study and make good preparations for exams。method→methods_

4.(2018·山西晋商四校联考)Li Lin is a senior three students who

devotes himself to his study every day。 students→student

5.(2018·安徽示范性高中联考)First, we should adopt a positive

attitudes towards failure。attitudes→attitude

名词的固定搭配

——典题尝试(单句语法填空)

1.(2018·河北石家庄二中一模) I would appreciate it if you could

take me into consideration (consider).

2.(2018·东北三省四市联考) He said he painted for pleasure

(please).

——规则点拨

1.名词与介词搭配

above average 超过平均水平

at present 目前

at risk 冒险

beyond compare 无与伦比

beyond belief 难以置信

by no means 决不;一点也不

for sale 供出售

for an instant 一瞬间

in ruins 毁坏;破败不堪

in advance 提前

in public 公开 2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

5 / 2255 in conclusion 总之

on purpose 故意地

on the whole 总的来说

on the contrary 相反

under repair 在修理中

under consideration 在考虑中

under discussion 在讨论中

under construction 在建设中

2.名词与动词搭配

catch sight of瞥见 find fault with挑……的错

make use of利用 keep pace with与……同步

make a fool of愚弄 make fun of取笑

pay attention to注意 put an end to结束……

take notice of注意到 take part in参加

——对点演练(单句语法填空)

1.(2018·福建龙岩质检)They think that taking notes with cellphones

instead of by hand

(hands) can save time.

2. (2018·齐齐哈尔市“五校联盟"联考)In addition (add), the feet

do not smell as much because they stay dry, making it hard for bacteria

to grow.

3.Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of

children’s reach (reachable).

抽象名词具体化

-—规则点拨

1.抽象名词通常是不可数名词,但是具体到某人或某物身上时可以加不定冠词。

experience经验(不可数名词)→an experience一次经历(可数名词) 2019版高考英语一轮复习 语法专题讲义 北师大版

6 / 2256 surprise惊奇(不可数名词)→a surprise令人吃惊的人或事(可数名词)

pleasure愉快(不可数名词)→a pleasure一件乐事;一个乐趣(可数名词)

honor荣誉(不可数名词)→an honor一个(件)光荣的人或事(可数名词)

success成功(不可数名词)→a success一个(件)成功的人或事(可数名词)

comfort安慰(不可数名词)→a comfort一个(件)令人安慰的人或事(可数名词)

2.物质名词通常是不可数名词,但是可以量化。

coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡,three coffees三杯咖啡

smoke烟→a smoke一支烟,two smokes两支烟

drink饮料→a drink一杯饮料,five drinks五杯饮料

3.物质名词有前置、后置定语修饰时,前面要使用不定冠词。

错误!

错误!

错误!

——对点演练(单句改错)

1.(2018·河北唐山调研)Hearing of Al’s death, I thought,“what

a complete fail!"_fail→failure

2.—A serious explosion happened in Tianjin。

—Yes, news came as shock to me。shock前加a

3.Though we are now out of danger, the broken bridge is still great

danger to car drivers.great前加a

4.Everyone agreed the picnic was great success。was后加a

5.Your advice was great help to me.great前加a

错误!

1.给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词,填写名词,考查名词