高考连词和状语从句专题训练

连词和状语从句

【专题眺望】

知能目标：

① 状语从句中从属连词的正确使用。

② 主从句动词时态的一致性。

③ 状语从句中的省略现象。

④ 状语从句与其他从句、非谓语动词作状语之间结构上的区别和相互转换。

命题规律：

状语从句在单项选择中的比重有所增大。侧重考查状语从句中的连词的选用，尤其是一些较特殊的连词、连词词组的含义和用法，如in case, on condition that, the moment, however等，主从句的时态呼应也是考查的重点。

【连词】

1. 并列连词（连接两个相互平行的词、短语或句子）

1） 表示并列关系

用来表示并列关系的连词有如下几个：and, both…and…, not only … but also…, neither … or ….

① and作并列连词主要表示并列关系。

Falling in love is one thing and getting married is another.

② both … and … 后跟相同结构的两个部分，这种结构可以是单个单词，也可以是短语。

Both New York and London have traffic problems.

We are going to fly both to Chicago and to Miami.

③ not only…but also…的结构重心在于后者。

We ought to respect not only our own liberty, but (also) that of others.

He not only studies hard but also works well.

a. not only…but also…的结构引导并列分句时， not only 常置于句首， 不过此时not only引导的句子要采用部分倒装结构，需将助动词提到主语前面去。

Not only can Jane play the piano wonderfully, but she can (also) dance very well.

Not only do I respect my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectations.

b. not only…but also…与as well as进行相互转换时应注意：not only…but also…的结构重心在于后者，而as well as 的重点在于前者。

Mark is not only healthy but also lively.

= Mark is lively as well as healthy.

④ Neither…nor…的意思是“两者都不”

Neither you nor anyone else believes the story.

I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.

 both…and…not…与neither…nor…的区别在于前者是部分否定而后者是全部否定。

Both you and I are not correct.（你和我不全正确。）

Neither you nor I am correct. （你和我都不正确。）

2） 表转折关系

表示转折关系的并列连词常用的有：but, yet, still, while, whereas.

He is good composer, but he has taught me nothing.

My brother likes basketball while I like football.

The problem was a litter hard, (and/but) yet I was able to work it out.

I explained twice; still he couldn’t understand.  while/whereas表示转折关系时，连接的内容往往要用对称的结构，表示前后形成鲜明的对比。

I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.

3） 表示选择关系

表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, either…or…, or else, not…but…, otherwise.

Either his parents or he is going to Hong Kong.

Seize the chance, otherwise/or(else) you will regret.

4） 表示因果关系

表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so, for, therefore等。

I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.

The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.

2. 从属连词（引导从句的连词，一般用于状语从句中）

【知识结构】

类型 连词

时间状语 when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as, hardly… when…, no

sooner… than, every time, each time, by the time, the first time, the moment, the

minute, the second, the instant…

原因状语 because, as, since, now that, in that, if/ when

地点状语 where, wherever

条件状语 if, unless, as long as, so long as, as far as, in case, supposing, on condition that,

providing, provided(that)

让步状语 (al)though, as, while, even if/though, however, whatever, no matter…, whether… or等

结果状语 so that, so… that, such… that, so

目的状语 in order that, in case, for fear that, so that

方式状语 as, just as, as if(though)

比较状语 as… as, than, the more… the more等

1） 时间状语从句

时间状语从句的引导词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as, hardly…

when…, no sooner… than, the moment, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, by the time,

immediately, instantly, directly等。

① when引导的时间状语从句

a. when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当…时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.

I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.

b. when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性的动词，也可以用终止性的动词。

He was working at the table when I came in.

I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.

② while引导的时间状语从句

while引导的时间状语从句，常意为“与…同时； 在…期间”，while引导的从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。

They rushed in while we were discussing the problem.

We must strike while the iron is hot.

③ as引导的时间状语从句

as引导的时间状语从句，意为“正当； 一边…一边； 随着”等意思。

I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall. As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.

④ before引导的时间状语从句，意为“在…之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.

 It is some time before … 这个句型表示“在…之前就有一段时间了”。

It will still be a long time before he comes back.

⑤ after引导的时间状语从句

after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在…之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

He called me after he had finished his work.

⑥ since引导的时间状语从句

since引导的时间状语从句，意为“自从…”，主句常用现在完成时， 从句常用一般过去时。

He has worked in this city since he graduated from the college.

Since it begun in 1951, we have given awards to films from all around the world.

a. It is/has been some time since … 这个句型表示“自从以来…有多长时间了”。since与短暂性动词连用时，表示动作的开始，since与延续性动词连用表示该动作或状态的结束，翻译时通常译成该动词的反义词。

e.g. It is/has been six years since she graduated from the university.

It is five years since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我不住在南昌以来已经5年了。)

It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang. (自从我住在南昌以来已经5年了。)

It is three weeks since he was ill. 他的病已经好了三周了。

It is three weeks since he fell ill. 他已经病了三周了。