编译原理课后习题答案(陈火旺+第三版)

第二章习题解答P36-6(1)L(G i)是o~9组成的数字串(2) 最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD 0DDD 01DD 012D 0127 N ND DD 3D 34N ND NDD DDD 5DD 56D 568最右推导:N ND N7 ND7 N27 ND27 N127 D127 0127N ND N4 D4 34N ND N8 ND8 N68 D68 568P36-7G(S)O 1|3|5|7|9N 2|4|6|8|OD 0|NS O|AOA AD|NP36-8文法：E T|E T|E TT F|T*F|T / FF (E)|i最左推导:E E T T TF Ti T i T* F i F* F i i* F i i*i ET T*F F*F i*F i*( E) i*( E T) i*( T T) i*( F T) i*( i T) i *( i F) i *( i i )最右推导EE TE T*F E T*i E F*i E i*i T i * i F i*i i i* ET F*T F*F F*( E) F *( E T) F *( E F) F*( E i)F *( T i) F*( F i) F *(i i) i *( i i)/********************************P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiieiS iS iiSeS iiSei iiieiP36-10/**************S TS |TT (S)|()***************/P36-11/***************L1:S ACA aAb | ab C cC |L2:S ABA aA|B bBc|bcL3:E ETii+i+i i-i-i ii+i*i*************** **/第三章习题参考答案P64 - 7确定化:1 {X}{1,2,3}{1,2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3,4} {2,3,5} {2,3,4} {2,3,5} {2,3} {2,3,4,Y} {2,3,4,Y}{2,3,5}{2,3,4,}最小化:S AB A aAb| B aBb| L4: S A| B A 0A1| B 1B0| A ***************I1(01)*1017n1 1{0,1,2,3,4耳,{6}{0,123,4,5}。

第二章习题解答之五兆芳芳创作P36-6(1)()L G1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:最右推导:P36-7G(S)P36-8文法：最左推导:最右推导:语法树：/******************************** *****************/P36-9句子iiiei有两个语法树：P36-10/*****************************/P36-11/***************L1: L2: L3: L4:***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7 (1)101101(|)*确定化：1 01 1 1 最小化：1 01 1 1 P64–8 (1) (2) (3) P64–12 (a)aa,ba 确定化：给状态编号：aaab b ba 最小化：a ab ab (b)b a b a ba a a1已经确定化了,进行最小化 最小化：a b aP64–14 (1) 01 0 (2):(|1εε0 确定化：给状态编号：YY1 1最小化：1 1第四章P81–1(1) 依照T,S的顺序消除左递归递归子程序：procedure S;beginif sym='a' or sym='^'then abvanceelse if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(} FIRST(T)={a,^,(} FIRST('T)={,,ε} FOLLOW(S)={),,,#} FOLLOW(T)={)} FOLLOW('T)={)}预测阐发表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)}FOLLOW(T)={+,),#}FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#}FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#}FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#}(2)考虑下列产生式:FIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φFIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φFIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φFIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φFIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φFIRST((E))∩FIRST(a)∩FIRST(b)∩FIRST(^)=φ所以,该文法度LL(1)文法.(3)(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advanceelse errorendelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1)是，满足三个条件.(2)不是，对于A不满足条件3.(3)不是，A、B均不满足条件3.(4)是，满足三个条件.***************/第五章P133–1短语: E+T*F, T*F,直接短语: T*F句柄: T*FP133–2文法：(1)最左推导:最右推导:(2)(((a,a),^,(a)),a)(((S,a),^,(a)),a)(((T,a),^,(a)),a)(((T,S),^,(a)),a)(((T),^,(a)),a)((S,^,(a)),a)((T,^,(a)),a)((T,S,(a)),a)((T,(a)),a)((T,(S)),a)((T,(T)),a)((T,S),a)((T),a)(S,a)(T,S)(T)S“移进-归约”进程：步调栈输入串动作0 # (((a,a),^,(a)),a)# 预备1 #( ((a,a),^,(a)),a)# 进2 #(( (a,a),^,(a)),a)# 进3 #((( a,a),^,(a)),a)# 进4 #(((a ,a),^,(a)),a)# 进5 #(((S ,a),^,(a)),a)# 归6 #(((T ,a),^,(a)),a)# 归7 #(((T, a),^,(a)),a)# 进8 #(((T,a ),^,(a)),a)# 进9 #(((T,S ),^,(a)),a)# 归10 #(((T ),^,(a)),a)#归11 #(((T) ,^,(a)),a)# 进12 #((S ,^,(a)),a)# 归13 #((T ,^,(a)),a)# 归14 #((T, ^,(a)),a)# 进15 #((T,^ ,(a)),a)# 进16 #((T,S ,(a)),a)# 归17 #((T ,(a)),a)# 归18 #((T, (a)),a)# 进19 #((T,( a)),a)# 进20 #((T,(a )),a)# 进21 #((T,(S )),a)# 归22 #((T,(T )),a)# 归23 #((T,(T) ),a)# 进24 #((T,S ),a)# 归25 #((T ),a)# 归26 #((T) ,a)# 进27 #(S ,a)# 归28 #(T ,a)# 归29 #(T, a)# 进30 #(T,a )# 进31 #(T,S )# 归32 #(T )# 归33 #(T) # 进34 #S # 归P133–3(1)FIRSTVT(S)={a,^,(}FIRSTVT(T)={,,a,^,(}LASTVT(S)={a,^,)}LASTVT(T)={,,a,^,)}(2)G是算符文法，并且是算符优先文法6(3)优先函数（4）栈输入字符串动作# （a,(a,a)）# 预备#( a, (a,a))# 进#(a , (a,a))# 进#(t , (a,a))# 归#（t, (a,a)）# 进#（t,（a,a））# 进#（t,（a ,a））# 进#（t,（t ,a））# 归#（t,（t, a））# 进#（t,（t,a ））# 进#（t,（t,s ））# 归#（t,（t ））# 归#（t,（t））# 进#（t,s ）# 归#（t ）# 归#（t ）# 进# s # 归successP134–5(1)0.'→⋅S S 1.'→⋅S S 2.S AS →⋅ 3.S A S →⋅4.S AS →⋅5.S b →⋅6.S b →⋅7.A SA →⋅8.A S A →⋅ 9.A SA →⋅ 10.A a →⋅11.A a →⋅(2)Aεε εd确定化：AabS S b69S A ba Abba机关LR(0)项目集标准族也可以用GO 函数来计较得到.所得到的项目集标准族与上图中的项目集一样: 0I ={'→⋅S S ，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅} GO(0I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(0I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(0I ，S)={ '→⋅S S ，A S A →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅}=3IGO(0I ，A)={ S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=4I GO(3I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(3I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(3I ，S)={ A S A →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=5I GO(3I ，A)={ A SA →⋅，S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=6IGO(4I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(4I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(4I ，S)={ S AS →⋅，A S A →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=7IGO(4I ，A)={ S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=4I GO(5I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(5I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(5I ，S)={ A S A →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=5I GO(5I ，A)={ A SA →⋅，S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=6IGO(6I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(6I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(6I ，S)={ S AS →⋅，A S A →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=7IGO(6I ，A)={ S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=4I GO(7I ，a)={ A a →⋅}=1I GO(7I ，b)={ S b →⋅}=2IGO(7I ，S)={ A S A →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=5I GO(7I ，A)={ A SA →⋅，S A S →⋅，S AS →⋅，S b →⋅，A SA →⋅，A a →⋅}=6I项目集标准族为C={1I ，2I ，3I ，4I ，5I ，6I ，7I } (3)不是SLR 文法状态3，6，7有移进归约冲突状态3：FOLLOW(S’)={#}不包含a,b状态6：FOLLOW(S)={#,a,b}包含a,b,；移进归约冲突无法消解状态7：FOLLOW(A)={a,b}包含a,b ；移进归约冲突消解 所以不是SLR 文法.(4)机关例如LR(1)项目集标准族 见下图：对于状态5，因为包含项目[b a AS A / ⋅→]，所以遇到搜索符号a 或b 时，应该用AS A →归约.又因为状态5包含项目[b a a A / ⋅→]，所以遇到搜索符号a 时，应该移进.因此存在“移进-归约”矛盾，所以这个文法不是LR(1)文法.b b bASa SS aSSA ba a Sb bAA/********************第六章会有点难P164–5(1)E→E1＋T {if (E1.type = int) and (T.type = int ) then E.type := intelse E.type := real}E→T {E.type := T.type}T→num.num {T.type := real}T→num {T.type := int}(2)P164–7S→L1|L2lengthL.2)}S→L {S.val:=L.val}L→L1B {L.val:=2*L1.val + B.val;L.length:=L1.length+1}L→B {L.val:=B.c;L.length :=1}B→0 {B.c:=0}B→1 {B.c:=1}***********************/第七章P217–1a*(-b+c) ab@c+*a+b*(c+d/e) abcde/+*+-a+b*(-c+d) a@bc@d+*+if (x+y)*z =0 then (a+b)↑c else a↑b↑c xy+z*0= ab+c↑abc↑↑￥或xy+z*0= P1 jez ab+c↑ P2 jump abc↑↑P1 P2P217–3-(a+b)*(c+d)-(a+b+c)的三元式序列:(1)+, a, b(2)@, (1), -(3)+, c, d(4)*, (2), (3)(5)+, a, b(6)+, (5), c(7)-, (4), (6)直接三元式序列:三元式表：(1)+, a, b(2)@, (1), -(3)+, c, d(4)*, (2), (3)(5)+, (1), c(6)-, (4), (5)直接码表：(1)(2)(3)(4)(1)(5)(6)四元式序列:(1)+, a, b, 1T(2)@, 1T, -, 2T(3)+, c, d, 3T(4)*, 2T, 3T, 4T(5)+, a, b, 5T(6)+, 5T, c, 6T(7)-, 4T, 6T, 7TP218–4自下而上阐发进程中把赋值句翻译成四元式的步调:A:=B*(-C+D)步调输入串栈PLACE 四元式(1) A:=B*(-C+D)(2) :=B*(-C+D) iA (3) B*(-C+D) i:=A- (4) *(-C+D)i:=i A-B (5) *(-C+D)i:=E A-B (6) *(-C+D)i:=E A-B (7) (-C+D)i:=E* A-B- (8) -C+D)i:=E*( A-B-- (9)C+D) i:=E*(- A-B--- (10) +D) i:=E*(-i A-B---C (11) +D) i:=E*(-E A-B---C (@,C,-, T 1) (12) +D) i:=E*(E A-B--T 1 (13) D) i:=E*(E+ A-B--T 1- (14) ) i:=E*(E+i A-B--T 1-D (15) ) i:=E*(E+E A-B--T 1-D (+,T 1,D,T 2) (16) ) i:=E(E A-B--T 2 (17) i:=E*(E) A-B--T 2- (18) i:=E+E A-B-T 2 (*,B,T 2,T 3) (19) i:=E A-T 3 (:=,T 3,-,A) (20) A产生的四元式： (@,C,-, T 1) (+,T 1,D,T 2) (*,B,T 2,T 3) (:=,T 3,-,A)P218–5/****************设A ：10*20，B 、C 、D ：20，宽度为w ＝4 则T1:= i * 20T1:=T1+jT2:=A –84T3:=4*T1Tn:=T2[T3] //这一步是多余的T4:= i + jT5:=B–4T6:=4*T4T7:=T5[T6]T8:= i * 20T8:=T8+jT9:=A–84T10:=4*T8T11:=T9[T10]T12:= i + jT13:=D–4T14:=4*T12T15:= T13[T14]T16:=T11+T15T17:=C–4T18:=4*T16T19:=T17[T18]T20:=T7+T19Tn:=T20******************/P218–6100.(jnz, A, -, 0)101.(j, -, -, 102)102.(jnz, B, -, 104)103.(j, -, -, 0)104.(jnz, C, -, 103)105.(j, -, -, 106)106.(jnz, D, -, 104) --假链链首107.(j, -, -, 100) --真链链首假链：{106,104，103}真链：{107,100}P218–7100.(j<, A, C, 102)101.(j, -, -, 0)102.(j<, B, D, 104)103.(j, -, -, 101)104.(j=, A, ‘1’, 106)105.(j, -, -, 109)106.(+, C, ‘1’, T1)107.(:=, T1, -, C)108.(j, -, -,100)109.(j≤, A, D, 111)110. (j, -, -, 100)111. (+, A, ‘2’, T2)112. (:=, T2, -, A)113. (j, -, -, 109)114. (j, -, - 100)P219–12/********************(1)MAXINT – 5MAXINT – 4MAXINT – 3MAXINT – 2MAXINT – 1MAXINT(2)翻译模式办法1：for E1 := E2 to E3 do S1 do MS F S → {backpatch(S1.nextlist,nextquad);backpatch(F.truelist,M.quad);emit(F.place ‘:=’F.place ‘+’1);emit(‘j ≤,’F.place ‘,’F.end ‘,’M.quad); S.nextlist := F.falselist;}21 to :For E E I F =→{F.falselist:= makelist(nextquad); emit(‘j>,’E1.place ‘,’E2.place ‘,0’);emit(I.Place ‘:=’E1.place);F.truelist := makelist(nextquad);emit(‘j,-,-,-’);F.place := I.place;F.end := E2.place;} id I →{p:=lookup(); if p <> nil thenI.place := pelse error}ε→M {M.quad := nextquad}****************/办法2：S→ for id:=E1 to E2 do S1S→ F S1F→ for id:=E1 to E2 do21:toE E forid F =→do{INITIAL=NEWTEMP;emit(‘:=，’E1.PLACE’，-，’ INITIAL); FINAL=NEWTEMP;emit(‘:=，’E2.PLACE’，-，’ FINAL);p:= nextquad+2;emit(‘j,’ INITIAL ‘,’ FINAL ’,’ p);F.nextlist:=makelist(nextquad);emit(‘j,－,－,－’);F.place:=lookup();if F.place nil thenemit(F.place ‘:=’ INITIAL)F.quad:=nextquad;F.final:=FINAL;}{backpatch(S1.nextlist, nextquad)p:=nextquad+2;emit(‘j,’ F.place‘,’ F.final ’,’ p );S.nextlist := merge(F.nextlist, makelist(nextquad)); emit(‘j,－,－,－’);emit(‘su cc，’ F.place ’，-，’ F.place);emit(‘j,－,－,’ F.quad);}第九章P270–9(1) 传名即当进程调用时，其作用相当于把被调用段的进程体抄到调用出现处，但必须将其中出现的任一形式参数都代之以相应的实在参数.A:=2;B:=3;A:=A+1;A:=A+(A+B);print A;∴A=9(2) 传地址即当程序控制转入被调用段后，被调用段首先把实在参数抄进相应的形式参数的形式单元中，进程体对形参的任何引用或赋值都被处理成对形式单元的直接拜访.当被调用段任务完毕前往时，形式单元（都是指示器）所指的实参单元就持有所希望的值.①A:=2;B:=3;T:=A+B②把T,A,A的地址抄进已知单元J1,J2,J3③x:＝J1;y:=J2;z:=J3 //把实参地址抄进形式单元，且J2=J3④Y↑:=y↑+1Z↑:=z↑+x↑ // Y↑：对y的直接拜访Z↑：对z的直接拜访⑤print AA=8(3) 得结果每个形参均对应两个单元，第一个存放实参地址，第二个存放实参值，在进程体中对形参的任何引用或赋值都看成是对它的第二个单元的直接拜访，但在进程任务完毕前往前必须把第二个单元的内容放到第一个单元所指的那个实参单元中①A:=2;B:=3;T:=A+B②把T,A,A的地址抄进已知单元J1,J2,J3③x1:=J1;x2:=T;y1:=J2;y2:=A;z1:=J3;z2:=A; //将实参的地址和值辨别放进两个形式单元中④y2:=y2+1; z2:=z2+x2; //对形参第二个单元的直接拜访⑤x1↑：＝x2; y1↑:=y2; z1↑:=z2 //前往前把第二个单元的内容存放到第一个单元所指的实参地址中⑥print AA=7(4) 传值即被调用段开始任务时，首先把实参的值写进相应的形参单元中，然后就仿佛使用局部变量一样使用这些形式单元 A:=2;B:=3;x:=A+By:=Az:=Ay:=y+1z:=z+xprint AA=2进程调用不改动A 的值第十章P306-1P306-2read A,BF:=1C:=A*A 1BD:=B*Bif C<D goto 1L---------------------------E:=A*AF:=F+1E:=E+F2B write Ehalt---------------------------1L : E:=B*BF:=F+2E:=E+F3B write Eif E>100 goto 2L ---------------------------halt4B ---------------------------2L : F:=F-1goto 1L 5B---------------------------根本块为1B 、2B 、3B 、4B 、5B P307-4B2有回路，所以{B2}是循环，B2既是入口节点，又是出口节点（1）代码外提：不存在不变运算，故无代码外提 （2）强度削弱：A:=K*I B:=J*I *→+ （3） 删除根本归结变量：I<100 可以用A<100*K 或B<100*J代替P307-5{B2,B3}（1） （2）。

目录P36-6 (2)P36-7 (2)P36-8 (2)P36-9 (3)P36-10 (3)P36-11 (3)P64–7 (4)P64–8 (5)P64–12 (5)P64–14 (7)P81–1 (8)P81–2 (9)P81–3 (12)P133–1 (12)P133–2 (12)P133–3 (14)P134–5 (15)P164–5 (19)P164–7 (19)P217–1 (19)P217–3 (20)P218–4 (20)P218–5 (21)P218–6 (22)P218–7 (22)P219–12 (22)P270–9 (24)P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiEEFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A AC S →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A AB S ||→→→εL3:εε||aBb B aAb A AB S →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)确定化：最小化：{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,01234560123451350123451246012345601234135012345601231010==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}=====P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)确定化：给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====(b)已经确定化了,进行最小化最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a baP64–14(2):给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T TS T T a S S G '→''→→' 递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(}FIRST(T)={a,^,(}FIRST('T)={,,ε}FOLLOW(S)={),,,#}FOLLOW(T)={)}FOLLOW('T)={)}预测分析表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a) ∩FIRST(b) ∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法.(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

第二章习题解答P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:5685653430127012010⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒D DD DDD NDD ND N D DD ND N D DD DDD DDDD NDDD NDD ND N最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiE EFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A AC S →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A AB S ||→→→εL3:εε||aBb B aAb A AB S →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)101101(|)*1 ε ε 1 0 11 确定化：0 1 {X} φ {1,2,3} φ φ φ {1,2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3,4} {2,3,5} {2,3,4}{2,3,5} {2,3} {2,3,4,Y} {2,3,4,Y}{2,3,5}{2,3,4,}1 00 0 1 1 00 1 0 1 1 1 最小化：X 1 2 3 4 Y5 XY60 12 35 4{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,012345601234513501234512460123456012341350123456012310100==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}===== 010 0 1 00 1 0 1 1 1P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)aa,b a确定化：a b {0} {0,1} {1} {0,1} {0,1} {1} {1}{0}φ5 01 2 4 3 01φφ φ给状态编号：a b 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 3 333aaa b b bba最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====a ab bab (b)b b aa baa bb aa a已经确定化了,进行最小化0 1 2 3 01 2 0 2 3 14 5最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a bb b aa baP64–14(1) 01 0 (2):(|)*0100 1 ε ε确定化：0 1 {X,1,Y}{1,Y}{2}0 1 2 01YX YX2 1{1,Y} {1,Y} {2} {2} {1,Y} φ φφ φ 给状态编号：0 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 3330 1 01 1 10 最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====1 1 1 0第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T TS T T a S S G '→''→→' 递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='('0 2 13 01 3then begin advance;T;if sym=')' then advance; else error; end else error end;procedure T; begin S;'T end;procedure 'T ; beginif sym=',' then begin advance; S;'T end end; 其中:sym:是输入串指针IP 所指的符号 advance:是把IP 调至下一个输入符号 error:是出错诊察程序 (2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(} FIRST(T)={a,^,(} FIRST('T )={,,ε} FOLLOW(S)={),,,#} FOLLOW(T)={)} FOLLOW('T )={)} 预测分析表a^() , # S S a →S →^S T →()TT ST →' T ST →' T ST →''T'→T ε '→'T ST ,是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a) ∩FIRST(b) ∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法. (3)+ * ( ) a b ^ # EE TE →'E TE →' E TE →' E TE →'E' '→+E E'→E ε'→E εTT F T →'T F T →' T F T →' T F T →'T''→T ε'→T T '→T ε '→T T '→T T '→T T '→T εF F P F →' F P F →' F P F →' F P F →'F' '→F ε '→'F F * '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F εPP E →() P a → P b → P →^(4)procedure E; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' end else error endprocedure E'; beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' end else error endprocedure T'; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then error endprocedure F; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' end else error endprocedure F'; beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' end endprocedure P; beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

目录P36-6 (2)P36-7 (2)P36-8 (2)P36-9 (3)P36-10 (3)P36-11 (3)P64–7 (4)P64–8 (5)P64–12 (5)P64–14 (7)P81–1 (8)P81–2 (9)P81–3 (12)P133–1 (12)P133–2 (12)P133–3 (14)P134–5 (15)P164–5 (19)P164–7 (19)P217–1 (19)P217–3 (20)P218–4 (20)P218–5 (21)P218–6 (22)P218–7 (22)P219–12 (22)P270–9 (24)P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiEEFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A AC S →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A AB S ||→→→εL3:εε||aBb B aAb A AB S →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)确定化：最小化：{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,012345601234513501234512460123456012341350123456012310100==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}=====P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)确定化：给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====(b)已经确定化了,进行最小化最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a baP64–14(2):给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T TS T T a S S G '→''→→' 递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(}FIRST(T)={a,^,(}FIRST('T)={,,ε}FOLLOW(S)={),,,#}FOLLOW(T)={)}FOLLOW('T)={)}预测分析表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a) ∩FIRST(b) ∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法.(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

编译原理课后题答案第二章P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiEEFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A ACS →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A ABS ||→→→ε L3:εε||aBb B aAb A ABS →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)101101(|)*确定化：0 1 最小化：{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,012345601234513501234512460123456012341350123456012310100==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}=====P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)确定化：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====a(b)a b已经确定化了,进行最小化 最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a baP64–14(2):(|εε最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T T S T T a S S G '→''→→'递归子程序：procedure S;beginif sym='a' or sym='^'then abvanceelse if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(}FIRST(T)={a,^,(}FIRST('T)={,,ε}FOLLOW(S)={),,,#}FOLLOW(T)={)}FOLLOW('T)={)}预测分析表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a)∩FIRST(b)∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法.(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

第二章 高级语言及其语法描述6．（1）L （G 6）={0,1,2,......,9}+（2）最左推导：N=>ND=>NDD=>NDDD=>DDDD=>0DDD=>01DD=>012D=>0127 N=>ND=>DD=>3D=>34N=>ND=>NDD=>DDD=>5DD=>56D=>568 最右推导：N=>ND =>N7=>ND7=>N27=>ND27=>N127=>D127=>0127 N=>ND=>N4=>D4=>34N=>ND=>N8=>ND8=>N68=>D68=>5687．【答案】Ｇ：S →ABC | AC | CA →1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9B →BB|0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9C →1|3|5|7|98．（1）最左推导：E=>E+T=>T+T=>F+T=>i+T=>i+T*F=>i+F*F=>i+i*F=>i+i*iE=>T=>T*F=>F*F=>i*F=>i*(E)=>i*(E+T)=>i*(T+T)=>i*(F+T)=>i*(i+T)=>i*(i+F)=>i*(i+i) 最右推导：E=>E+T=>E+T*F=>E+T*i=>E+F*i=>E+i*i=>T+i*i=>F+i*i=>i+i*iE=>T=>T*F=>T*(E)=>T*(E+T)=>T*(E+F)=>T*(E+i)=>T*(T+i)=>T*(F+i)=>T*(i+i)=>F*(i+i)=>i*(i+i) (2)9．证明：该文法存在一个句子iiiei 有两棵不同语法分析树，如下所示，因此该文法是二义的。

目录P36-6 .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P36-7 .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P36-8 .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P36-9 .................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P36-10 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P36-11 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P64–7 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P64–8 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P64–12 ................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

P64–14 ................................................ 错误!未定义书签。

P81–1 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P81–2 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

P81–3 ................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

目录P36-6 (2)P36-7 (2)P36-8 (2)P36-9 (3)P36-10 (3)P36-11 (3)P64–7 (4)P64–8 (5)P64–12 (5)P64–14 (7)P81–1 (8)P81–2 (9)P81–3 (12)P133–1 (12)P133–2 (12)P133–3 (14)P134–5 (15)P164–5 (19)P164–7 (19)P217–1 (19)P217–3 (20)P218–4 (20)P218–5 (21)P218–6 (22)P218–7 (22)P219–12 (22)P270–9 (24)P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiEEFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A AC S →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A AB S ||→→→εL3:εε||aBb B aAb A AB S →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)确定化：最小化：{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,012345601234513501234512460123456012341350123456012310100==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}=====P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)确定化：给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====(b)已经确定化了,进行最小化最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a baP64–14(2):给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T TS T T a S S G '→''→→' 递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(}FIRST(T)={a,^,(}FIRST('T)={,,ε}FOLLOW(S)={),,,#}FOLLOW(T)={)}FOLLOW('T)={)}预测分析表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a) ∩FIRST(b) ∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法.(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

目录P36-62P36-72P36-82P36-93P36-103P36-113P64–74P64–85P64–125 P64–147 P81–18P81–29P81–312 P133–112 P133–212 P133–314 P134–515 P164–518 P164–719 P217–119 P217–319 P218–420 P218–521 P218–621 P218–722 P219–1222 P270–924P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiEEFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A AC S →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A AB S ||→→→εL3:εε||aBb B aAb A AB S →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)101101(|)*确定化：最小化：{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,01234560123451350123451246012345601234135012345601231010==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}=====P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)确定化：给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====a(b)已经确定化了,进行最小化最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a baP64–14(2):(|εε给状态编号：最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T TS T T a S S G '→''→→' 递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='('then beginadvance;T;if sym=')' then advance;else error;endelse errorend;procedure T;beginS;'Tend;procedure 'T;beginif sym=','then beginadvance;S;'Tendend;其中:sym:是输入串指针IP所指的符号advance:是把IP调至下一个输入符号error:是出错诊察程序(2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(}FIRST(T)={a,^,(}FIRST('T)={,,ε}FOLLOW(S)={),,,#}FOLLOW(T)={)}FOLLOW('T)={)}预测分析表是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#} (2)考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a)∩FIRST(b)∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法.(4)procedure E;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' endelse errorendprocedure E';beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' endelse errorendprocedure T';beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advance else error endelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1) 是，满足三个条件。

第6章 属性文法和语法制导翻译7. 下列文法由开始符号S 产生一个二进制数，令综合属性v al 给出该数的值：试设计求S.val 的属性文法，其中，已知B 的综合属性c, 给出由B 产生的二进位的结果值。

例如，输入101.101时，S.val=5.625，其中第一个二进位的值是4，最后一个二进位的值是0.125。

【答案】11. 设下列文法生成变量的类型说明：(1)构造一下翻译模式，把每个标识符的类型存入符号表；参考例6.2。

【答案】第7章 语义分析和中间代码产生1. 给出下面表达式的逆波兰表示（后缀式）：3. 请将表达式－(a+b)*(c+d)-(a+b+c)分别表示成三元式、间接三元式和四元式序列。

【答案】间接码表：(1)→(2)→(3)→(4)→(1)→(5)→(6)4. 按7.3节所说的办法，写出下面赋值句A:=B*(－C+D ) 的自下而上语法制导翻译过程。

给出所产生的三地址代码。

【答案】5. 按照7.3.2节所给的翻译模式，把下列赋值句翻译为三地址代码： A[i, j]:=B [i, j] + C[A [k, l]] + d [ i+j] 【答案】6. 按7.4.1和7.4.2节的翻译办法，分别写出布尔式A or ( B and not (C or D) )的四元式序列。

【答案】用作数值计算时产生的四元式： 用作条件控制时产生的四元式：其中：右图中(1)和(8)为真出口，(4)(5)(7)为假出口。

7. 用7.5.1节的办法，把下面的语句翻译成四元式序列： While A<C and B<D do if A=1 then C:=C+1else while A ≦D do A:=A+2; 【答案】第9章 运行时存储空间组织4. 下面是一个Pascal 程序：当第二次( 递归地) 进入F 后，DISPLAY 的容是什么？当时整个运行栈的容是什么？ 【答案】第1次进入F 后，运行栈的容： 第2次进入F 后，运行栈的容：第2次进入F 后，Display 容为：5. 对如下的Pascal 程序，画出程序执行到(1)和(2)点时的运行栈。

第二章P36-6(1)L G ()1是0~9组成的数字串(2)最左推导:N ND NDD NDDD DDDD DDD DD D N ND DD D N ND NDD DDD DD D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒0010120127334556568最右推导:N ND N ND N ND N D N ND N D N ND N ND N D ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒77272712712701274434886868568P36-7G(S)O N O D N S O AO A AD N→→→→→1357924680|||||||||||P36-8文法：E T E T E T TF T F T F F E i→+-→→|||*|/()| 最左推导:E E T T TF T i T i T F i F F i i F i i i E T T F F F i F i E i E T i T T i F T i i T i i F i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+********()*()*()*()*()*()*()最右推导:E E T E TF E T i E F i E i i T i i F i i i i i E T F T F F F E F E T F E F F E i F T i F F i F i i i i i ⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+⇒+**********()*()*()*()*()*()*()*()语法树：/********************************EE FTE +T F F T +iiiEEFTE-T F F T -iiiE EFT+T F FTiii*i+i+ii-i-ii+i*i*****************/P36-9句子iiiei 有两个语法树：S iSeS iSei iiSei iiiei S iS iiSeS iiSei iiiei ⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒⇒P36-10/**************)(|)(|S T TTS S →→***************/P36-11/*************** L1:ε||cC C ab aAb A ACS →→→ L2:bcbBc B aA A ABS ||→→→ε L3:εε||aBb B aAb A ABS →→→ L4:AB B A A B A S |01|10|→→→ε ***************/第三章习题参考答案P64–7(1)101101(|)*1 ε ε 1 0 1 1确定化：0 1 {X} φ {1,2,3} φ φ φ {1,2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3} {2,3} {2,3,4} {2,3,4} {2,3,5} {2,3,4}{2,3,5} {2,3} {2,3,4,Y} {2,3,4,Y}{2,3,5}{2,3,4,}1 00 0 1 1 00 1 0 1 1 1 最小化：X 1 2 3 4 Y5 XY60 12 35 4{,,,,,},{}{,,,,,}{,,}{,,,,,}{,,,}{,,,,},{},{}{,,,,}{,,}{,,,},{},{},{}{,,,}{,01234560123451350123451246012345601234135012345601231010==== 3012312401234560110112233234012345610101}{,,,}{,,}{,},{,}{},{},{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,}{}{},{},{,},{},{},{}===== 0 10 0 1 00 1 0 1 1 1P64–8(1)01)0|1(*(2))5|0(|)5|0()9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1|0)(9|8|7|6|5|4|3|2|1(*(3)******)110|0(01|)110|0(10P64–12(a)aa,b a 确定化：a b {0} {0,1} {1} {0,1} {0,1} {1} {1} {0} φ φφφ给状态编号：a b 0125 01 2 4 3 011 12 2 03 333aaa b b bba 最小化：{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}012301101223032330123a ba b ====a ab bab (b)b b aa baa bb aa a 已经确定化了,进行最小化 最小化：{{,}, {,,,}}012345011012423451305234523452410243535353524012435011012424{,}{}{,}{,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,,,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{{,},{,},{,}}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}a b a b a b a b a b a =============={,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}{,}10243535353524 b a b0 1 2 3 01 2 0 2 3 14 5b b aa b aP64–14(1) 01 0 (2):(|)*0100 1 ε ε0 确定化：0 1 {X,1,Y} {1,Y} {2} {1,Y} {1,Y} {2} {2} {1,Y} φ φφφ 给状态编号：0 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 33 30 1 01 1 10 最小化：0 1 2 01YX YX2 1 0 2 13{,},{,}{,}{}{,}{}{,}{,}{,}{}{,},{},{}0123011012231323301230101====1 1 1 0第四章P81–1(1) 按照T,S 的顺序消除左递归ε|,)(||^)(T S T T S T T a S S G '→''→→'递归子程序： procedure S; beginif sym='a' or sym='^' then abvance else if sym='(' then begin advance;T;if sym=')' then advance; else error; end else error end;procedure T; begin S;'T end;procedure 'T ; beginif sym=',' then begin advance; S;'T end1 3其中:sym:是输入串指针IP 所指的符号 advance:是把IP 调至下一个输入符号 error:是出错诊察程序 (2)FIRST(S)={a,^,(} FIRST(T)={a,^,(} FIRST('T )={,,ε} FOLLOW(S)={),,,#} FOLLOW(T)={)} FOLLOW('T )={)} 预测分析表a^() , # S S a →S →^S T →()TT ST →' T ST →' T ST →''T'→T ε '→'T ST ,是LL(1)文法P81–2文法：|^||)(|*||b a E P F F F P F T T T F T E E E T E →'→''→→''→+→''→εεε(1)FIRST(E)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(E')={+,ε} FIRST(T)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(T')={(,a,b,^,ε} FIRST(F)={(,a,b,^} FIRST(F')={*,ε} FIRST(P)={(,a,b,^} FOLLOW(E)={#,)} FOLLOW(E')={#,)} FOLLOW(T)={+,),#} FOLLOW(T')={+,),#}FOLLOW(F)={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(F')={(,a,b,^,+,),#} FOLLOW(P)={*,(,a,b,^,+,),#}考虑下列产生式:'→+'→'→'→E E T T F F P E a b ||*|()|^||εεεFIRST(+E)∩FIRST(ε)={+}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(+E)∩FOLLOW(E')={+}∩{#,)}=φ FIRST(T)∩FIRST(ε)={(,a,b,^}∩{ε}=φ FIRST(T)∩FOLLOW(T')={(,a,b,^}∩{+,),#}=φ FIRST(*F')∩FIRST(ε)={*}∩{ε}=φFIRST(*F')∩FOLLOW(F')={*}∩{(,a,b,^,+,),#}=φ FIRST((E))∩FIRST(a) ∩FIRST(b) ∩FIRST(^)=φ 所以,该文法式LL(1)文法. (3)+ * ( ) a b ^ # EE TE →'E TE →' E TE →' E TE →'E' '→+E E'→E ε'→E εTT F T →' T F T →' T F T →' T F T →'T' '→T ε '→T T '→T ε '→T T '→T T '→T T '→T εF F P F →' F P F →' F P F →' F P F →'F' '→F ε '→'F F * '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F ε '→F εPP E →() P a → P b → P →^(4)procedure E; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin T; E' end else error endprocedure E'; beginif sym='+'then begin advance; E endelse if sym<>')' and sym<>'#' then error endprocedure T; beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin F; T' end else error endprocedure T';if sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then Telse if sym='*' then errorendprocedure F;beginif sym='(' or sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^' then begin P; F' endelse errorendprocedure F';beginif sym='*'then begin advance; F' endendprocedure P;beginif sym='a' or sym='b' or sym='^'then advanceelse if sym='(' thenbeginadvance; E;if sym=')' then advanceelse errorendelse errorend;P81–3/***************(1)是，满足三个条件。