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But in many ways that is similar to what I’m talking about today, that is, introducing Chinese pop music. See, I’m actually an ambassador for Chinese pop, whether I like it or not, for both music and movies, and today I’m here to give you a State of Union address. It’s not the Oxford Union, it’s the union of East and West.I want to frankly and openly and honestly talk about how we’ve done a good job, or how we’ve done a bad job, of bringing Chinese pop to the West. And I also want to impress upon all of you here today the workings of that soft power exchange and how each of us is involved in that exchange.Soft power, a term I’m sure you’re all familiar with, coined by Rhodes Scholar and Oxford alumnus Joseph Nye, is defined as the ability to attract and persuade. Shashi Tharoor called it, in a recent TEDTalk, “the ability of a culture to tell a compelling story and influence others to fall in love with them”. I like that definition. But I want to put it in collegiate term for you students in the audience. The way I see it, East and West, are kinda like freshmen roommates. You don’t know a lot about each other aside that you’re living with each other in the same room. And each one is scared the othe r’s gonna steal his shower time or wants to party when the other wants to study. It has the potential to be absolute hell. We all have horror stories of that roommate, we all heard about those stories. I knowa lot of students here in Oxford have their own separate bedrooms.But when I was a freshman at Williams College [crowd interjects] You’re kidding! Woohoo! Well I had a roommate. And he was that roommate. Let’s just call him Frank. So Frank was my roommate and Frank liked nothing more than to smoke weed. [laughter] And he did it every day. And Frank had a 2-foot long bong under his bed that was constantly being fired up. For those Chinese speakers in the audience, Frank would 火力全开on that bong. So I guess I was kinda the opposite of Bill Clinton, who tried marijuana but didn’t inhale: I didn’t try marijuana but I did inhale. Every single day. Second hand. And strangely enough, every time I go into our bedroom, I mysteriously end up being late for class. I was like, dude is it already 10 o’clock?So, how many of you have lived with that Frank, or be a FrankHaving a roommate can be a recipe for disaster, but it also can have the potential of being the greatest friendship you’ve ever had. See, Frank, he didn’t make it to second year. And I got two new roommates instead: Stephan and Jason, and these days the three of us are the best of friends. So going back to my analogy, East and West, as roommates, do we want to be Frank, or do we want to be Steph and Jason, and I think in this day and age, in 2013, we should all be striving for the latter. I’m assuming we all agree that this is the goal that we all strive for.Now, let’s look at where we are in reality, in recent headlines, in the media include, Foreign policy [maybe], China’s victim complex, Why ar e Chinese leaders so paranoid about the United States or the [AP, the Associated Press], Humanrights in China worse than US. Bloomberg says, on the cover of this magazine, Yes, the Chinese army is spying on you [laughter] And it’s such a great one that I want to show you the cover of the magazine [laughter][Ed:check out the photo on the right!] Yes, be very afraid! [laughter]There’s actually an extremely high amount of negativity and fear and anxiety about China, Sinophobia, that I think is not just misinformed and misleading and ultimately dangerous. Very dangerous. And what about how Westerners are viewed by Chinese Well, we have terms for Westerners. The most common of which are gwailo, in Cantonese which means “the old devil”, laowai, meaning “the old outsider” in Mandarin, ang moh, which means “the red hairy one” in Taiwanese, and the list goes on and on. So are these roommates heading for a best friend relationship I think we need a little help. And as China rise to power, I think it is more important than ever for us to more discerning about what we believe because after all, I think, that’s the purpose of higher education, and that’s why we are all here, to be able to think for ourselves and make our own decisions.China’s not just those headline s. The burgeoning economy with unique politics. It is not just the world’s factory or the next big superpower, it’s so much more, a billion people with rich culture, amazing stories, and as a product of both of those cultures, I want to help foster an understanding between the two. And [x] that incredible relationship, because knowing both sides of the coin, I really think that there is a love story waiting to be told, ready to unfold. And I’m only halfjoking when I said love story because I believe it is the stories that will save us and bring us closer together.And my thesis statement for today’s talk is that the relationship between East and West needs to be and can be fixed via pop culture, and I’m going to try and back it up. Now, the UN Sec-Gen Ban Ki Moon said, “There are no languages required in the musical world. That is the power of music. That is the power of heart.” Through this promotion of arts we can better understand the culture and civilisation of other people. And in this era of instability and intolerance, we need to promote better understanding through the power of music. The UN Sec-Gen thinks that we need more music, and I think that he is right. Music and arts have always played a key role in my life, in building relationships, replacing what once were ignorance, fear and hatred, with acceptance, friendship and even love.So I have a strong case for promoting music between cultures because it happened to me early in my life. I was born in Rochester, New York, I barely spoke a word of Chinese. I didn't know the difference between Taiwan or Thailand. [laughter] I was as American as apple pie, until one day on the 3rd grade playground, the inevitable finally happened: I got teased for being Chinese. Now every kid gets teased or being made fun of in the playground, but this was fundamentally different and I knew right then and there. So this kid let’s call him Brian [x]. He started making fun of me, saying “Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees, look at these!” [laughing] We’re laughing now but i t hurt!I could still remember how I felt, I felt ashamed, I felt embarrassed. But Ilaughed along with everyone. And I didn't know what else to do. It was like having an out of body experience. As if I could laugh at that Chinese kid on the playground with all the other Americans because I was one of them, right Wrong, on many levels. And I was facing the first and definitely not the last time the harsh reality was that I was minority in Rochester, which in those days had an Asian population of 1%. And I was confused. I wanted to punch Brian. I wanted to hurt him for putting me in that situation but he was faster than me, and he was stronger than me, and he would kick my butt and we both knew that, so I just took it in. I didn't tell anyone or share with anyone these feelings, I just held them in and I let them fester. And those feelings would surface in a strangely therapeutic way for me through music, and it was no coincidence that around at that time I started getting good with the violin, and the guit ar and the drums. And I’d soon discovered that by playing music or singing that the other kids would for a brief moment forget about my race or color and accept me and then be able to see me for who I truly am: a human being who is emotional, spiritual, curious about the world, and has a need for love just like everyone else.And by the sixth grade, guess who asked me if I would the drummer of their band Brian. And I said yes. And that’s when we together formed an elementary school rock band called… Nirvana. I’m not kidding, I was in a rock band called Nirvana before Kurt Cobain's Nirvana was ever known… So when Nirvana came out, Brian and I were like, hey he’s stealing our name! But really what attracted me to music at this young age was just that, and still is what I love aboutmusic, is that it breaks down the walls between us and shows us so quickly the truth that we are much more alike than we [think].And then in high school, I learned that music wasn’t just about connecting with others, like Brian and I were connected through music. It was a powerful tool of influence and inspiration. Sam [Nguyen] was my high school janitor. He was an immigrant from Vietnam who barely spoke a word of English. Sam scrubbed the floors and cleaned the bathrooms of our school for twenty years. He never talked to the kids, and the kids never talked to Sam. But one day before the opening night of our school’s annual musical, he walked up to me holding a letter, and I was taken aback and I was thinking, why is Sam the janitor approaching me And he gave me this letter that I’ve kept it to this day, it was scrawled in shaky hand written in all capitals and it read, in my all years working as a janitor at Sutherland, you were the first Asian boy to play the lead role. I’m going to bring my 6-year-old daughter to watch you perform tonight because I want her to see that Asians can be inspiring.And that letter just floored me. I was 15 years old and I was absolutely stunned. That was the first time I realized how music was so important. With Brian, it helped two kids who were initially enemies to become friends, but with Sam, music went beyond the one-on-one. It was an even higher level; it influenced others I didn’t even know, in ways I could never imagine. I can’t tell you how grateful I am to Sam to this day, he really is one of the people who helped me discover my life’s purpose, and I had no idea that something I did could meanmore than ever imagined to an immigrant from Vietnam who barely even spoke English. Pop culture, music, and the other methods of storytelling, movies, TV dramas, they are so key, and they do connect us, like me and Brian, and do influence us, and inspire us.Then let’s take another look at this state of union, the East and West union, with this soft power bias. How is the soft power exchange between these two roommates Are there songs in English that have become hits in China Sure. How about movies Well, there are so many that China has had to limit the number of Hollywood movies imported into the country so that local films could even have a chance at success. What about [x], well, [inaudible exchange with an audience member], yeah, and movies, well there was Crouching Tiger [Hidden Dragon], that was 13 years ago. Well, I think there’s a bit of an imbalance here. It’s called “soft power deficit”, that is to say the West influences the East more than vice versa. Forgive me for using “East” and “West” kinda loosely, it’s a lot easier to say than “English-speaking… language” or “Asian-speaking… language/Chinese”, I’m making generalisation and I hope you can go with me on this.And it’s just intrinsically a problem, this imbalance in pop culture influence. And I think so. In any healthy relationship, friendship, marriage, isn’t it important for both sides to make an effort to understand the other And that this exchange needs to have a healthy balance And how do we address this As an ambassador for Chinese pop music and movies, I have to ask myself a question: Why does this deficit exist Is it because Chinese music just [is lame]. Do you want me to answerthat [laughter] Yeah I think I see some of you are like, stop complaining and write a hit song! Psy did it! But there’s truth in that. The argument being that, the content that we’ve created just isn’t as in ternationally competitive. But why shouldn’t itLook at Korean pop, look at K-pop for example. Korean is an export-based economy and they are outward looking and they must be outward looking. Chinese pop on the other hand can just stay domestic, tour all over China, stick in territories and comfortably sustain. So when you’re that big and powerful, with over 160 cities in China with a million or more people, you tend to kinda turn inward and be complacent. So this certainly can be made an argument made for Chinese pop not being marketed with international sensibilities, but the other side of the argument I think is more interesting and thought provoking and even more true, is that Western ears aren’t familiar with and therefore don’t really understand how to appreciate Chinese music. Ouch!The reason I think that the argument holds water though is because that’s exactly what I went through, so I happen to know a thing or two about learning to appreciate Chinese pop as a Westerner. 'Cos I was 17 years old when I went from being an Asian kid in America to being an American kid in Asia, and the entire paradigm suddenly got flipped on its head. I grew up listening to Beastie Boys, Led Zeppelin, Guns and Roses, and I found myself in Taiwan listening to the radi o and thinking, where’s the beat Where’s the screeching guitar solos Here I am as an American kid in Asia listening to Chinese music for the first time andthinking that "this stuff is lame. I don’t like it!" I thought it was cheesy, production value was l ow, and the singers couldn’t belt like Axl Rose or Mariah Carey.But then one day, I went to my first Chinese pop concert, and it was Harlem Yu performing at the Taipei Music Centre, and as he performed, I looked around the audience and I saw their faces and the looks in their eyes and their response to his music, and it was clear to me finally where the problem lay. It wasn’t that the music that was lacking, it was my ability to appreciate it and to hear it in the right way. The crowd, they would sing along and be totally immerse in his music, and I thought that it was significant, that I was missing the point and from now on, I was going to somehow learn how to get it, I was gonna learn how to hear with both ears, and I deconstructed and analysed what it was that made Chinese audiences connect with certain types of melodies, and rhythms, and song structures, and lyrics, and that’s what I’ve been doing for the past almost twenty years, and it took me a long time and I am still learning but at some point, I not only began to be able to appreciate the music but I started being able to contribute to it and create my own fresh spins on the tried-and-true.And I think this happens to everyone, really, who is on the outside looking in. It always looks strange i f you looked at things from your perspective, you’re always going to think that these people are weirdos, what’s wrong with them, why are they listening to these stuff And I’m saying that you can make the effort [x], it can be done, and I’m living proof of that. And as an ambassador of Chinese pop, I’m trying to get people to open up to a sound that they may not feel is palatableon the first listen. So what else can we do to reduce this imbalance in our popular cultures Well, maybe we could talk a lot, tour more outside of China But seriously, actually I think the tides have already started to change, very slowly, very cautiously, almost calculatedly.You see more cross-cultural exchange now, more interest in China, definitely a lot of joint ventures, a lot of co-productions in recent years, Iron Man 3, Transformers, [53][laughter], Resident Evil, really it’s beginning to be kinda like a world pop, and that’s what I’m looking forward to and focusing on these days. There’s J-pop, there’s K-pop, there’s C-p op, and there’s like this W-pop that’s kinda starting to emerge. It’s world pop, and I love that idea. It’s not World Music. There used to be section in HMV called World Music, and I was like Ethnomusicology class in college.But world pop is more about breaking and tearing down age-old stereotypes, the artificial confines that have kept us apart for way too long. It’s a melting pot, and it’s mosaic, that even if we looked up close, we’d still see the colours and flavours of each culture in detail. And where can we go to listen to world popI don’t think there’s a world pop station or magazine, unfortunately, there are none -- there should be. There is the internet, and YouTube has proven to be a driving force for world pop. Britain’s Got Talent made Susa n Boyle the hottest act in the world, and she achieved that not through the record labels or the networks,but through grassroots sharing. Gangnam Style is another great world pop, and how that just took over became huge worldwide world pop phenomenon. So world pop as it suggests is a worldwide pop culture is something that can be shared by all of us and gives us a lot of common ground.So today, what’s my call of action I’ve already proven multicultural exchange between the East and West, I think I have made that clear, but how I think… you can all become pop singers, really, I think that’s the [x], unless that’s what you really want to.I just want to wrap up by saying that being here on the Oxford campus really makes me nostalgic for my days at Williams. And when I look back on those four years, some of my fondest memories are spending time with my roommates Stephan Papiano and Jason Price. In fact Jason is here in the audience today, and made a special trip from London just to see me. And I suppose in the beginning we were strangers, we didn’t know much about each other, and sometimes we did compete for the shower and there were times we did intrude on each other's privacy, but I’ve always loved listening to Stephan’s stories about growing up in a Gree k family and his opinions about what Greek food really was. Or Jason’s stories, about wanting to make violins and to live in Cremona, Italy like Antonio Stradivari and he did do that, and I will never forget many years later when I played a Jason Price handmade violin for the first time, and how that felt. They were always attentive and respectful when I told them what it was like for me growing up in a Chinese household with strict parents who always made me study. So we sharedstories, but the strongest bonds between us were formed just sitting around and listening to music together. And I really do see that as a model for East and West. So I really want to share Chinese music with you today because it’s the best way I know how to create a lasting friendship that transcends all barriers and allow us to know each other truly, authentically and just as we are./。
