大学实用计算机英语教程第2版翻译机工版4_中文-1-1

第7单元计算机网络和因特网第一部分听力和对话对话：搭建无线网络（目前，在Sophie的家里，她已将计算机直接连接到7调制解调器。

现在她想要用无线网络替换现有的有线网络，并且请求Henry和Mark帮忙。

）Henry：放松点，Sophie。

我保证安装比你想象的要容易得多。

简而言之只有4步。

Sophie: 真的吗？那该怎么做呢？Mark: 第一步是确保你拥有所需要的设备。

它们通常包括宽带互联网连接、一个无线路由器和一台带有内置的无线网络支持或一个无线网络适配器的计算机。

Sophie: 让我想想。

嗯，我认为它们现在齐全了。

那接下来怎么办？Mark: 下一个步是连接无线路由器。

关闭调制解调器之后，从计算机的背面拔掉网线，并且将它连入路由器背面的标有互联网、广域网或无线局域网的端口。

同时，网线的另一端应该连接到调制解调器。

Sophie: 那么，我怎么可以知道它们已经正确连上了？Henry: 那很容易。

要检查的话，接通并且启动调制解调器。

等待几分钟让它连接到互联网，然后接通并且启动无线路由器。

在一分钟之后，无线路由器中的互联网、广域网或无线局域网的灯是亮的，表明它已顺利地连接到了调制解调器。

Sophie: 嗯，还有其他的吗？Henry：接着，配置无线路由器。

你应该临时将计算机连接到无线路由器上没有被标为互联网、广域网或无线局域网的其中的一个开放网络端口。

然后，打开IE并输入地址和密码来配置路由器。

Sophie: 我怎样获得地址和密码？Henry: 可以在路由器附带的说明书上找到。

Mark: Sophie，在配置过程中你要特别注意三件事：无线网络的名称也就是服务区标识符、无线加密或者Wi-Fi保护访问，以及能够控制无线网络的管理密码。

顺便说一句，在配置完成之后，从计算机上拔掉网线。

[3]Sophie: 好的，我了解了。

Henry: 现在，我们进入最后一步，连接计算机。

Windows 7应该显示一个包含有可用的无线网络列表的无线网络图标。

计算机专业英语第二版.........................................................................................ContentsLesson One 1Text：Installation Steps of a Desktop Board 1New Words 4Sentence Explanations 5Grammar：Word-formation in the Computer Fields 5 Exercises(Ⅰ) 8Skill Training：Conversation at an Office 8Exercises(II) 9Reading Materials(A)：Information Technology 9Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 10 Lesson Two 12Text：Peripherals 12New Words 16Sentence Explanations 17Grammar：The Parts of Speech and Their Use 18 Exercises(Ⅰ) 21Skill Training：Key Words 21Exercises(Ⅱ) 21Reading Materials(A)：The Features of CD-RW Drive 22 Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 22 Lesson Three 24Text：Learn a Language Online 24New Words 26Sentence Explanations 27Grammar：Verbs and the Components of a Sentence 27Exercises(Ⅰ) 29Skill Training：Abstract 30Exercises(Ⅱ) 32Reading Materials(A)：China Races to Supplant India in Software 32Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 34Lesson Four 35Text：Internet Morals Watchdog Guards Against Viruses as Well 35New Words 38Sentence Explanations 38Grammar：The Tenses 39Exercises(Ⅰ) 42Then and Now 42Skill Training：Business Card 43Exercises(Ⅱ) 46Reading Materials (A)：Dont Bug Me! 46Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 47Lesson Five 48Text：How the Internet Works 48New Words 50Sentence Explanations 51Grammar：The Passive Voice 52Exercises(Ⅰ) 53Skill Training：Superscription 53Exercises(Ⅱ) 55Reading Materials(A)：Google Leading Role of Internet 55Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 57Lesson Six 58Text：Voice Recognition Not Science Fiction 58New Words 61Sentence Explanations 62Grammar：The Subjunctive Mood 63Exercises(Ⅰ) 65Skill Training：Notice 67Exercises(Ⅱ) 68Reading Materials(A)：Using a Modem 68Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 70 Lesson Seven 71Text：Using Ants as Models for New Distributed Systems 71 New Words 74Sentence Explanations 74Grammar：The Infinitive 75Exercises(Ⅰ) 76Skill Training：The Structure of a Letter 78Exercises(Ⅱ) 81Reading Materials(A)：End of the PC Era 81Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 82 Lesson Eight 84Text：A New Programming Language Java 84New Words 86Sentence Explanations 88Grammar：Past Participle and Present Participle 88Exercises(Ⅰ) 89Skill Training：Commonly-used Opening Sentences and Closing Sentences of Letters 91Exercises(Ⅱ) 92Reading Materials(A)：A Mobile Computer Team Services Sick Machines 92Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 94Lesson Nine 95Text：Plug-and-Play Robots 95New Words 98Sentence Explanations 99Grammar：Gerund 100Exercises(Ⅰ) 101Skill Training：Letter Writing 102Exercises(Ⅱ) 104Reading Materials(A)：A Guide to Computers and Plug-ins on the Internet 104Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 106Lesson Ten 107Text：Caught in the Web of the Internet 107New Words 111Sentence Explanations 112Grammar：Non-finite Forms of Verbs 113Exercises(Ⅰ) 114Skill Training：Introduction to Company Organizations 115Exercises(Ⅱ) 116Reading Materials(A)：Eleven Commandments by Bill Gates 117 Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 118Lesson Eleven 119Text：Hackers Are Enemy Number One on the Internet 119New Words 121Sentence Explanations 122Grammar：Noun Clause 122Exercises(Ⅰ) 124Skill Training：Invitation Card 126Exercises(Ⅱ) 127Reading Materials(A)：The Information Superhighway: From Expectationto Realization 127Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 129Lesson Twelve 131Text：The Challenges of Using Search Agents to Perform Research on the World Wide Web 131New Words 134Sentence Explanations 135Grammar：Adjective Clause 135Exercises(Ⅰ) 137Skill Training：Job Interview 138Exercises(Ⅱ) 139Reading Materials(A)：Safe Sex for Your Computer 139Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 141Lesson Thirteen 143Text：Bill Gates Speech to Tsinghua University 143New Words 146Sentence Explanations 146Grammar：Adverbial Clauses 147Exercises(Ⅰ) 149Skill Training：Resume 151Exercises(Ⅱ) 154Reading Materials(A)：Help! How Do I Set Up and Send an Online Resume 154Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 156Lesson Fourteen 158Text：The Ancient History of the Internet 158New Words 162Sentence Explanations 162Grammar：Inverted Word-order 163Exercises(Ⅰ) 164Skill Training：Personal Statement 166Exercises(Ⅱ) 167Reading Materials(A)：Father of Internet Surprised by 600 Million Followers 167Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 168Lesson Fifteen 170Text：XPs Do-It-Yourself Security 170New Words 172Sentence Explanations 173Grammar：Complex Sentences Analysis 173Exercises(Ⅰ) 175Skill Training：Advertisement 175Exercises(Ⅱ) 176Reading Materials(A)：One Number Gets It AllPhone, Fax or Voice Mail 177Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 179Lesson Sixteen 181Text: Talk of Cooperation Is Out as the Software Industry Prepares forAnother Period of Sweeping Change 181New Words 184Sentence Explanations 184Grammar：Samples of Complex Sentences Analysis 186Exercises(Ⅰ) 187Skill Training：Agreement(Contract) 187Exercises(Ⅱ) 190Reading Materials(A)：Just Imagine：What Computers Cant Do 190Reading Materials(B)：Commonly Used Computer Terms 192Reference Translation and Answers 194Complex Exercises 270Bibliography 279。

Unit 4 CreativityThe Case for Creativity—Encouraging Children to ThinkCreativity is the key to a brighter future, say education and business experts. Here is how schools and parents can encourage this vital skill in children.If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential: masking tape. Drew worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, better known as 3M. At work he developed a sticky-side substance strong enough to hold things together. But his boss told him not to pursue the idea. Finally, using his own time, Drew perfected the tape, which now is used everywhere by many people. And his former company learned from its mistake: Now 3M encourages people to spend 15 percent of their work time just thinking and developing new ideas.It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school. The feeling is that if we teach them to think creatively, they will be better able to function in tomorrow's society.Creativity's benefits reach beyond music and art. Successful students and adults are the ones who discover a number of ways to approach problems.Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence. Just because a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce original ideas that are good for something.Unfortunately, schools have not tended to promote creativity. With strong emphasis on test scores and the development of reading, writing and mathematical skills, many educators sacrifice creativity for correct answers. The result is that children can give back information but can't recognize ways to apply it to new situations. They may know their multiplication tables, for example, but they are unable to apply them to story problems.In some schools, however, educators are recognizing the problem and are developing new approaches to teaching which should encourage creativity in their students. Some teachers are combining the basics with activities where the students must use their imagination. For example, instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World, teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area. With that question, students would have to use what they know about Columbus, what they know about NewYork, and what they know about the Caribbean. Teachers feel that even if the answers seem silly, it's OK, that sometimes being silly is an essential step toward creativity. In the classroom as well as at home, children must have the right to have crazy thoughts, experts say. Then it is up to parents and teachers to work with the children to develop those thoughts into workable ideas. The best strategy is to encourage children by asking them questions, meanwhile praising their ideas and new thoughts. Experts say that it is important to create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creative—a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed.There are things that parents can do at home to encourage creativity. They can involve children in decision-making if the problem is appropriate, asking the child for suggestions. Parents can help their children to understand the consequences of various decisions. Parents should also encourage their children to talk out loud about things they are doing. Thinking and language skills are closely related. Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.Having a sense of humor is also important in helping to develop creativity in a child. When parents show a sense of humor, children can see creativity in its purest form. By its nature, humor crosses conventional boundaries and breaks patterns. Creativity often does the same.It is important to give children choices. From the earliest age, children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their consequences. Even if it's choosing between two food items for lunch, decision-making helps thinking skills. As children grow older, parents should let their children decide how to use their time or spend their money, but not automatically help them too much if they make the wrong decision. This may be confusing for the child, but that is all right. This is because one of the most important traits of creative people is a very strong motivation to make order out of confusion.关于创造力的培养——鼓励孩子思考1 教育界和商业界的专家们说, 具有创造性是通向光明前程的关键。

unit1Ex. 1 根据课文内容，回答以下问题。

1. It is primarily responsible for executing instructions.2. Through the monitor.3. All processors, memory modules, plug-in cards, daughterboards, or peripheral devices canbe plugged in those sockets.4. The binary system is used.5. Through clever formatting.6. They are similar to each other. ROM only cannot be altered and does not lose its contentswhen power is removed.7. Mouses.8. Floppy disks c an be removed from their drives and hard disks can’t.9. Because it is faster than many types of parallel port.10. I/O Port.Ex. 2 根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）。

英文解释词汇A processor whose elements have been miniaturized into one or a few integrated circuits. It is usually used in PC.CPUThe main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.motherboardA unit of a computer that preserves data for retrieval. memoryA hand-held, button-activated input device that when rolled along a flat surface directs an indicator to move correspondingly about a computer screen, allowing the operator to move the indicator freely, as to select operations or manipulate text or graphics.mouseA set of keys, as on a computer terminal, word processor, typewriter. keyboardA connection point for a peripheral device. portA machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation. instructionThe information or image displayed at a given time on a monitor, display, or video terminal.screenAn input device, sometimes part of a standard typewriter keyboard,consisting of a separate grid of numerical and function keys arranged for efficient data entry.keypadInformation put into a communications system for transmission or into a computer system for processing.inputEx. 3 把下列句子翻译为中文。

Unite 1Section A: 1、artificial intelligence 人工智能2、paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3、Optical computer 光学计算机4、Neural network 神经网络5、Instruction set 指令集6、Parallel processing 并行处理器7、Difference engine差分机8、Versatile logical element 多用途逻辑元件9、Silicon substrate 硅衬底10、Vaccum tube 真空管11、数据的存储与管理the storage and management of data12、超大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit13、中央处理器central processing unit14、个人计算机personal computer15、模拟计算机analog computer16、数字计算机digital computer17、通用计算机general purpose computer18、处理器芯片processor chip19、操作指令operating instructions20、输入设备input devicesSection B1、artificial neural network 人工智能神经网络2、Computer architecture 计算机体系结构3、Robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4、Human-computer interface 人机接口5、Knowledge representation 知识代表6、数值分析numerical analysis7、程序设计环境programming environment8、数据结构data structure9、存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10、虚拟现实virtual realityUnit 2Section A：1、function key 功能键2、V oice recognition module 声音识别调制器3、Touch-sensitive region 触敏扫描仪4、Address bus 地址总线5、Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6、Dot-matrix printer 矩阵式打印机7、Parallel connection 并行连接8、Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9、Video game 电子游戏10、Audio signal 音频信号11、操作系统operating system12、液晶显示liquid crystal display13、喷墨打印机inkjet printer14、数据总线data bus15、串行连接serial connection16、易失性存储器volatile memory17、激光打印机laser printer18、磁盘存储器floppy disc19、基本输入输出系统basic input/output system20、视频显示器video displaySection B:1、interrupt handler 中断处理程序2、Virtual memory 虚拟内存3、Context switch 上下文转换4、Main memory 主存5、Bit pattern 位模式6、外围设备peripheral device7、进程表process table8、时间片time slice9、图形用户界面graphics user interface10、海量存储器mass storageUnit 3Section A:1、storage register 存储寄存器2、Function statement 函数语句3、Program statement 程序语句4、Object-oriented language 面向对象语言5、Assembly language 汇编语言6、Intermediate language 中间语言7、Relational language 关系语言8、Artificial language 人工语言9、Data declaration 数据声明10、SQL 结构化查询语言11、可执行程序executable program12、程序模块program module13、条件语句conditional statement14、赋值语句assignment statement15、逻辑语言logic statement16、机器语言machine language17、函数式语言functional language18、程序设计语言programming language19、运行计算机程序run a omputer program20、计算机程序员computer programmerSection B1、native code 本机代码2、Header file 头文件3、Multithreaded program 多线程程序4、Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5、Mallicious code6、机器码machine code7、汇编码assembly code8、特洛伊木马程序trojan9、软件包software package10、类层次class hierarchyUnit 4Section A1、inference engine 推理机2、System call 系统调用3、Compiled language 编译执行的语言4、Parellel computing 并行计算5、Pattern matching 模式匹配6、Memory location 存储单元7、Interpreter program 解释程序8、Library routine 库程序9、Intermediate program 中间程序10、Source file 源文件11、解释执行的语言interpreted language12、设备驱动程序device driver13、源程序source program14、调试程序debugger15、目标代码object code16、应用程序application program17、实用程序utility program18、逻辑程序logic program19、黑盒ink cartridge20、程序的存储与执行storage and execution of program Section B1、Messaging model 通信模式2、Common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻（环境）3、Hierarchical namespace 分层的名称空间4、Development community 开发社区5、CORBA 公共对象请求代理体系结构6、基本组件basic components7、元数据标记metadata token8、虚拟机VM virtual machine9、集成开发环境IDE（intergrated development environment）10、简单对象访问协议SOAP(simple object access protocol) Unit 5Section A1、system specification 系统规范2、Unit testing 单元测试3、Software life cycle 软件的生命周期4、System validation process 系统验证过程5、Evolutionary development process 进化发展过程6、Simple linear model 简单线性模型7、Program unit 程序单元8、Throwaway prototype 一次性使用原型9、Text formatting 文本格式10、System evolution 系统演变11、系统设计范例paradigm for system design12、需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition13、探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14、系统文件编制system documentation15、瀑布模型waterfall model16、系统集成system integration17、商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software18、基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering19、软件维护工具software maintenance tool20、软件复用software reuseSection B1、check box 复选框2、Structured design 结构化设计3、Building block 构建模块4、Database schema 数据库模式5、Radio button 单选按钮6、系统建模技术system modeling techniques7、模型驱动开发MDD(model-driven development)8、数据流程图data flow diagram9、下拉式菜单drop-down10、滚动条scroll barUnit 6Section A1、end user 终端用户2、Atomic operation 原子操作3、Database administrator 数据库管理员4、Relational database model 关系数据库模型5、Local data 本地数据6、Object-oriented database 面向对象的数据库7、Database management system 数据库管理系统8、Entity-relationship model 实体关系模型9、Distributed database 分布式数据库10、Flat file 展开文件11、二维表two-dimensional table12、数据属性data attributes13、数据库对象database object14、存储设备storage device15、数据类型data type16、数据插入与删除insertion and deletion17、层次数据库模型hierarchical18、数据库体系结构database architecture19、关系数据库管理系统ralational database management system20、全局控制总线global control busSection B1、nonvolatile storage system 易失性存储系统2、Equitment malfunction 设备故障3、Wound-wait protocol 损伤等待协议4、Exclusive lock 排它锁5、Database integrity 数据库完整性6、共享锁shared lock7、数据库实现database implementation8、级联回滚cascading rollback9、数据项data item10、分时操作系统time sharing operating system ;Unit 7Section A1、microwave radio 微波无线电2、digital television 数字电视3、DSL 数字用户线路4、analog transmission 模拟传输5、on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6、computer terminal 计算机终端7、radio telephone 无线电话8、cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机9、decentralized network 分散型网络10、wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网11、光缆fiber-optic cable12、传真机fax machine13、线通信wireless communications14、点对点通信point-to-point communications15、调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16、通信卫星communication(s) satellite17、电报电键telegraph key18、传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19、无绳电话cordless telephone20、金属导体metal conductorSection B1、bit map 位图2、parallel port 并行端口3、direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4、universal serial bus 通用串行总线5、general-purpose register 通用寄存器6、电路板circuit board7、串行通信serial communication8、数码照相机digital camera9、存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10、有线电视cable televisionUnit 8Section A1、file server 文件服务器2、carrier sense 载波检测3、Protocol suite 协议族4、Peer-to-peer model 点对点模型5、bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6、inter-machine cooperation 计算机间合作7、Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协作集8、Proprietary network 专有网络9、utility package 实用软件包10、star network 星形网络11、局域网local area network (LAN)12、令牌环token ring13、无线网络wireless network14、封闭式网络closed network15、环形拓扑网络ring topology16、客户/服务机模型client/server model17、网络应用程序network application18、进程间通信interprocess communication19、打印服务机printer server20、广域网wide area networkSection B1、routing path 路由选择通路2、dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3、extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4、backbone network 基干网，骨干网5、mesh topology网络拓扑结构6、同轴电缆coaxial cable7、逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8、无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9、树形拓扑结构tree topology10、目的地节点destination nodeUnit 9Section A1、cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2、IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3、autonomous system 自主系统4、dial-up connection 拨号连接5、network identifier 网络标识符6、binary notation 二进制记数法7、mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8、Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9、name server 名称服务器10、Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11、助记地址mnemonic address12、网吧cyber cafe13、宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14、顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15、因特网编址Internet addressing16、点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17、因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18、专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19、主机地址host address20、硬件与软件支持hardware and software support Section B1、incoming message 来报，到来的报文2、application layer 应用层3、utility software 实用软件4、sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5、remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6、端口号port number7、软件例程software routine8、传输层transport layer9、文件传送协议FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10、万维网浏览器Web browserUnit 10Section A1、mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2、proprietary software 专有软件3、cc line 抄送行4、bcc line 密送行5、forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7、click on an icon 点击图标8、confidential document 密件，秘密文件9、classified information 密级信息10、recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11、常用情感符commonly used emoticon12、已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13、电子系统electronic system14、附件行Attachments line15、版权法copyright law16、电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17、信息高速公路information superhighway18、签名文件signature file19、电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20、文字处理软件word processorSection B1、web-authoring software 网络写作软件2、template generator 模版生成程序3、navigation page 导航页面4、corporate logo 公司标识5、splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6、导航条navigation bar7、节点页面node page8、网站地图site map9、可用性测试usability testing10、图形交换格式gif（Graphics Interchange Format）Unit 11Section A1、customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2、B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3、mobile telephone 移动电话4、dot-com bust 网络不景气5、smart card 智能卡，灵巧卡6、digital piracy 数字盗版7、dot-com boom 网络繁荣8、C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9、Web auction site 拍卖网站10、fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11、射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12、电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13、库存管理技术inventory management technology14、知识产权intellectual property15、条形码bar code16、货币兑换currency conversion17、电子图书electronic book18、视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20、企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerceSection B1、software suite 软件套件2、text box 文本框3、virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4、static catalog 静态目录5、browser session 浏览器会话期6、动态目录dynamic catalog7、购物车软件shopping cart software8、供应链supply chain9、企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10、税率tax rateUnit 12Section A1、encryption program 加密程序2、deletion command 删除命令3、authorized user 授权的用户4、backup copy 备份5、voltage surge 电压浪涌6、circuit breaker 断路器7、electronic component 电子元件（或部件）8、data-entry error 数据输入错误9、electronic break-in 电子入侵10、power line 电力线，输电线11、检测程序detection program12、电源power source13、破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14、计算机病毒computer virus15、软件侵权software piracy16、硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17、病毒检查程序virus checker18、主存储器primary storage19、电子公告板electronic bulletin board20、浪涌电压保护器surge protectorSection B1、phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2、graphics card 显（示）卡3、heuristic analysis 试探性分析4、infected file 被感染文件5、virus dictionary 病毒字典6、数据捕获data capture7、恶意软件malicious software8、病毒特征代码virus signature9、防病毒软件antivirus software10、内存驻留程序memory-resident program。

参考译文第1课计算机基础计算机是一个可编程的机器（或者更准确地说，一个可编程的连续状态机器）。

计算机有两种基本类型：模拟计算机和数字计算机。

模拟计算机是模拟设备，即它们有连续的状态而不是离散的有限状态。

一个模拟计算机可以准确地表示小数或无理数，不进行舍入。

模拟计算机几乎只用于实验环境。

数字计算机是可编程的时序状态机器。

数字计算机使用离散状态。

二进制数字计算机使用两个离散状态（如正/负、高/低、通/断）来表示二进制数0和1。

1. 计算机有什么用？计算机的用途非常广泛。

数据处理是商业和金融的工作。

这包括开票、运输及收货、库存管理和类似的业务以及“电子办公”。

科学处理是用计算机支持科学。

这可以是简单地收集和分析原始数据，也可以是复杂地建立自然现象的模型（如气候模型、热力学、核能等）。

多媒体包括创建内容（创作音乐、演奏音乐、录制音乐、编辑电影和视频、特效、动画、插图、排版印刷材料等）和多媒体播放（游戏、DVD、教学材料等）。

2. 计算机的各部分可以十分粗略简单地认为计算机有三个部件：处理器、内存和I/O（输入/输出）。

这三个术语的边界是十分含糊的、不搭界的和不断变化的。

稍微更简单地可以把计算机部件分为五种：算术和逻辑子系统、控制子系统、主存、输入子系统和输出子系统。

2.1 处理器处理器是计算机实际上进行计算的部件。

有时也称作MPU（主处理器单元）或CPU （中央处理单元或中央处理器）。

处理器通常包括运算器（ALU）、控制器（包括处理器标志、标志寄存器或状态寄存器）、内部总线，有时也有一些特殊作用的单元（最常用的特殊作用单元是用于浮点算法的浮点单元）。

一些计算机有多个处理器。

这就叫做多处理计算机。

数字处理器的主要种类有：CISC、RISC、DSP以及它们的混合。

CISC代表复杂指令集计算机。

大型计算机和小型计算机有CISC处理器，厂家为了竞争提供了更有用的指令集。

大部分前两代微型处理器都用CISC。

RISC代表精简指令集计算机。

Unit 9 Science and TechnologyToo Fast?People who were born just before World War I remember waving at automobiles as they passed. Seeing a car was like watching a parade—exciting and out of the ordinary. The airplane—it was spelled "aeroplane" then—was another new invention. Refrigerators were "iceboxes," and a man delivered the ice for the box in the summer and the coal for the stove in the winter. Now, the iceman, like the blacksmith, survives only in literature.Today, change comes so fast that working people can become obsolete because their occupations vanish in the middle of their lives. Knowledge, and thus the rate of change, increases geometrically. Every idea gives birth to a dozen new ones, and each of them has a dozen children. The people of the pre-World War I generation had hardly assimilated the inventions of that era before they were attacked by a new batch of even more sophisticated inventions. The Atomic Age dawned in 1945, August 6 to be exact, and then, before we could catch our breath, the Space Age arrived.Change was not always this rapid. Certain important inventions, like the telephone, the airplane, the automobile, and the radio, had been invented by 1914, but the effects of these inventions upon the lives of ordinary citizens were not felt until many years later. We now have the technology to develop machines before people are ready to use them. For example, we have the technology to enable people to pay their bills by phone—but even people with phones resist. The change is too much too fast. People don't want to talk to machines, especially if the machines talk back to them.It is certain that technology, especially computer technology, will rule our lives to a greater and greater degree. This situation will not necessarily prove positive or negative in effect. Many people would be more comfortable if change came more slowly, but on the other hand, there are many for whom every innovation is like a new toy. They can't wait for the next invention to be available. When scientists talk about the remarkably adaptable nature of people, they probably have these people in mind.But there is a limit to everyone's ability to adapt. What will happen to us when change comes so rapidly that we can no longer adjust to it? These same scientists who talk about our adaptable nature also tell us that change is to some degree emotionally painful to everyone. What then, will happen to us when change comes so rapidly that we can no longer stand the pain, and we refuse to change?We have read a lot about scientific and technological change, but that is only part of the picture of modern life. There is often a great lag between scientific discovery andcultural acceptance. For example, Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, proposed over one hundred years ago and accepted by all serious scholars for generations, is still rejected by large segments of society. These segments see science as contradicting a higher religious authority. They see science as questioning and destroying their beliefs and culture.The problem is not easily solved because it is in the nature of science to question, and it is in the nature of human beings not to want to question the things they believe in. Science is not merely a field of study like chemistry or physics or biology. Science is a method of looking at the world, a method that requires an open mind, objectivity, and proof based upon observation or experimentation. It is a method that ignores religion, race, nationality, economics, morality, and ethics. It pays attention only to the results of research. The scientific method has shown us endless marvels and wonders, but methods can't provide all the answers. Science cannot tell us whether or not to drop a bomb: That is a moral or political question. Science only tells us how to make one.As we have already said, technological innovations are being made at faster and faster rates. The future will be even more revolutionary than the past. Will we, as a species, survive the revolutions that we have begun? There is plenty of evidence to think that we will. Our species has enormous potential that we have just begun to use. For example, we have only begun to control the environment. One day technology will make every desert bloom. It's simple, really. To do so, all we need to do is lower the cost of converting sea water into fresh water. Then, when the deserts bloom, will they provide enough food for our growing numbers? Most likely, they will. We have only just begun to discover the possibilities of highly intensive desert agriculture. We already have the technology to increase production ten times and to use one-twentieth of the water we needed before.We know how to make agricultural miracles. What we need are the time and money to make the technology available to everyone.In the nineteenth century, people believed in progress. They believed that science would lead them to a new era of endless prosperity and happiness. Well, it didn't work out that way. Two disastrous world wars convinced people of that. Yet, in our disappointment and in our fears that science was a monster that would one day destroy us, we forgot that science was not the monster; we were the monster. Science was merely a servant, and like fire, a good servant when treated properly.Despite all the problems of the modern world, however, most people would not choose to live in any of the less scientific ages that have preceded ours. If—and this is abig if—we don't destroy ourselves in war, the future can only be better. Each year will bring a more bewildering array of scientific advances: diseases cured, space conquered, transportation and communication revolutionized, agriculture and industry completely transformed, etc. To some, the future sounds exciting; to others, frightening. But one thing is sure—it won't be boring.太快了？1 在第一次世界大战前夕出生的人仍然记得看到身边经过的汽车就挥手的情景。

课程教学大纲课程名称（中文）：信息技术基础（全英文）课程名称（英文）： Fundamentals of Information Technology 课程性质：（通识必修、通识选修、学科基础、专业必修、专业选修、教师教育）学分：2+2学时：72，其中理论学时：36，实践（实验）学时：36授课对象：中法工商管理创新实验班授课语言：英文开课院系：计算中心课程网址：大夏学堂https:///webapps/blackboard/execute/m odulepage/view?course_id=_360_1&cmp_tab_id=_706_1&editMode =true&mode=cpview撰写人：江红一、课程简介（英文）DescriptionThis Course is designed to enable students to use Information Technology (IT) systems and applications independently to support a range of information processing activities. It is designed to develop a broad knowledge of the theoretical concepts, principles, boundaries and scope of IT applications. These activities will be centred on using software applications packages (Windows, Word, Excel, PowerPoint, HTML, Access) tomeet complex information requirements while paying attention to security and the needs of other users.二、课程目标ObjectivesOn completion of the Course the students should be able to:1. Operate a range of IT equipment independently, giving attention to security and to other users.2. Use a range of software application packages to meet complex information requirements.三、教学内容、学时分配和作业要求Weekly Teaching GuideTeaching Schedule:四、教材、参考书目或其他学习材料⚫计算机专业英语教程（第2版），江红主编，清华大学出版社，2017.8. ISBN：9787302473190⚫计算机专业英语教程，江红主编，清华大学出版社，2012.1.ISBN: 9787302255321⚫信息技术基础（IT Fundamentals）双语教程. 江红主编，清华大学出版社，2008.11. ISBN: 9787302184232⚫（美）Timothy J. O'Leary, Linda I. O'Leary 著，计算机专业英语(Computing Essentials)，北京：高等教育出版社，2012. ISBN：9787040115451五、考核办法与评价结构比例六、教学和实践环境要求：Lecturing and Practicing Requirements:⚫Computer + Data projector⚫Speaker + microphone, etc., multimedia devices⚫Local Area Network⚫Windows 7 (English Version)⚫Office 2013 (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access) (English Version)⚫WINRAR⚫Authoring Tools: Dreamweaver, FrontPage, etc.。