高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions语篇解题微技巧新人教版选修

2020版高考英语一轮复习第1部分U n i t3I n v e n t o r s a n d i n v e n t i o n s教学案含解析新人教版选修8 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANUnit 3 Inventors and inventions[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．distinguish vi.& vt.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺3．file n．文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将……归档4．dial vt.拨(电话)5．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担6．tap vt.& vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头7．stable adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的8．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的9．practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的10．ripe adj.成熟的；熟的11．abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地12．product n．产品[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．I dialed (dial) 120 and waited there until she was taken to hospital.2．He's too young to_distinguish(distinguish) right from wrong，and needs your guidance.3．That girl tapped(tap) her fingers on the desk impatiently.4．In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.5．The abrupt (abruptly) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.6．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.拓展单词1．criterion n．(评判的)标准；尺度→(pl.)criteria2．mercy n．宽恕；仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的3．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便，便利；适宜→conveniently adv.便利地，方便地4．caution n．小心，谨慎→cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地，谨慎地5．expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation n．预料；期待；期望6．innocent adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的→innocence n．天真，清白7．recognize vt.认出，识别；承认→recognition n．认出；认可；承认8．freeze v．冰冻→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→frozen adj.冻结的9．occasion n．时机，机会；场合→occasional adj.偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的→occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地10．associate vt.联想；联系n．同伴；伙伴→association n．协会；联合；关联[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.单项填空1．(2013·湖北襄樊四中期末考试)A well­written composition ________ a good choice of words and clear organization among other things.A．calls on B．calls forC．calls up D．calls off解析：call for 需要。

call on 号召，拜访某人；call up 使回忆起；call off 取消。

答案：B2．(2013·济南外国语学校质检)The man who hit 9 people in a row had drunk so much that his mind could no longer ________ between fantasy and reality.A．distinguish B．discourageC．disturb D．disappear解析：distinguish区分。

句意：连续撞了九人的那位男人喝了如此多的酒以致于他的大脑不能再区分虚幻与现实。

答案：A3．(2013·武汉调研)When it comes to second­hand cars, one has to be as ________ as possible about the source and the condition of them.A．cautious B．patientC．urgent D．casual解析：cautious 小心的，谨慎的。

句意：当谈及二手车时，你要尽可能对它的来源和状况小心。

patient 耐心的；urgent 紧急的；casual 随便的。

答案：A4．The rescuers ________ to work as soon as they arrived at the spot of the accident.A．set out B．set offC．set up D．set in解析：考查词组辨析。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.阅读理解AEarly one morning, more than a hundred years ago, an American inventor called Elias Howe finally fell asleep. He had been working all night on the design of a sewing machine but he had run into a very difficult problem: It seemed impossible to get the thread to run around the needle without any problems.Though he was tired, Howe slept badly. He turned and turned. Then he had a dream. He dreamt that he had been caught by terrible savages whose king wanted to kill him and eat him unless he could build a perfect sewing machine. When he tried to do so, Howe ran into the same problem as before. The thread kept getting caught around the needle. The king flew into the cage and ordered his soldiers to kill Howe. They came up towards him with their spears raised. But suddenly the inventor noticed something. There was a hole in the tip of each spear. The inventor awoke from the dream, realizing that he had just found the answer to the problem. Instead of trying to get the thread to run around the needle, he should make it run through a small hole in the center of the needle. This was the simple idea that finally made Howe design and build the first really practical sewing machine.Elias Howe was not the only one in finding the answer to his problem in this way. Thomas Edison, the inventor of the electric light, said his best ideas came into him in dreams. So did the great physicist Albert Einstein. Charlotte Bronte also drew in her dreams in writing Jane Eyre.To know the value of dreams, you have to understand what happens when you are asleep. Even then, a part of your mind is still working. This unconscious (无意识的), but still active part understands your experiences and goes to work on the problems you have had during the day. It stores all sorts of information that you may have forgotten or never have really noticed. It is only when you fall asleep that this part of the brain can send messages to the part you use when you are awake. However, the unconscious part acts in a special way. It uses strange images which the conscious part may not understand at first. This is why dreams are sometimes called “secret messages to us”．篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

课时达标(三十八) Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠA25 Best Inve ntions” of the year. Here, Teens has chosen some of the most interesting ones.Ember MugIt's hard to always keep coffee at the right temperature, especially in winter. It's too hot to drink at first, but before we know it, it gets too cold and loses all its taste. The perfect level of warmth for a cup of coffee only lasts for 37 seconds, which makes the Ember Mug a great invention. It keeps your coffee or tea at a certain temperature, anywhere between 45℃ and 62℃， once you set it through a smartphone app.Tasty One TopTV cooking shows make cooking look so easy, but it's almost impossible to get the recipes to cook the same as how the professionals cook. However, the Tasty One Top DIY cooking companion is here to help. Developed by Buzzfeed, the cooker can be connected to a smartphone app, which has more than 1,700 recipes and videos. You choose a recipe and the app will let the cooker know what to do. For example, it'll tell you when to turn your steak or when to add certain ingredients.JiboSmart speakers from companies like Amazon and Xiaomi have added a lot of fun to our lives, but they're still just faceless speakers. However, Jibo, developed by MIT professor Cynthia Breazeal, has brought smart technology to life. Said to be “the world's first social robot for the home”， Jibo looks like a cartoon character. Inside its “head”， there are various sensors and cameras, which allow it to recognize faces and speech. It can also set alarms, remind you of important things, tell you the weather and read news or messages from your friends and family.语篇导读本文主要介绍了《时代》周刊选出的年度25个最佳发明中的最有趣的3个。

2021年高考英语一轮精选练Unit3Inventorsandinventions（含解析）新人教版选修8李仕才一、阅读明白得。

(2020·合肥高三调研性检测)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature. One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowde d with people standing. I didn’t pay mu ch attention and sat down on one of the empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasn’t long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasn’t anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery, and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A plain­clothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man turned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesn’t value things until they are gone. If he didn’t have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who won’t help himself.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。

——————————教育资源共享步入知识海洋————————Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才【短文语法填空】I want to do something special for my 15­year­old son, who has always been a perfect boy.He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racing­bicycle instead of asking for money from me.Then he spent hours and hours on it.I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves.When my son rode the racing­bicycle with him, he looked very cool.He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning.On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob.I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn the guitar to make my life wonderful.I __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered.He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift.When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift, soon I realized that my son had sold his racing­bicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsⅠ.完形填空I want to share with you a story from my life.There was a time when I used to be __1__ constantly for whom I was and what I did，said，and thought.I was __2__ deeply.I had no one to share what I was feeling with，no one who could __3__ what I was going through and no help at all to get away from those __4__ remarks.And I was also very __5__．Many times I was too scared to speak up and on the few occasions I found the __6__ to do so，things didn’t end very well at al l. The point is this：all that __7__ and anger inside of me became __8__，which I used to take out on the court (I used to play badminton)．And those days people often wondered how I played so __9__．I didn’t know it at the time __10__ deep down inside of me I had already decided to do my best to create a life where I __11__ the rules.And because of that __12__，today I have created for myself a wonderful life.Thanks to the suffering，I was able to __13__ more than I could ever imagine.Thanks to people __14__ and not believing in me，I got the drive to prove them __15__．What I’m trying to say is that I don’t see suffering as all that bad.If we learn how to __16__ our suffering in a way that can break us free I believe we can find our way to __17__．I don’t think there is any __18__ in suffering.Instead，we should be proud of all that we have gone through.We still stand strong.And the __19__ we carry from our sufferings，we wear as a badge of __20__．My suffering is my greatest source of power.Suffering is a part of life and the sooner we can accept that，the closer we will be to experiencing what happiness truly means.【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions李仕才(选修8Unit 3)【短文语法填空】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

An inventor,Le Trung,has created his perfect woman,a robot who can do the 1. (clean),remember his favourite drinks and read him the newspaper headlines.Le Trung has spent ￡14,000 2. (create)Aiko,who he describes as “in her 20s”with a good figure,shiny hair and delicate features.She can speak English and Japanese and is so good at mathematics 3. she can do Mr Trung’s accounts.Mr Trung,from Brampton in Ontario,Canada,said he has never had time 4. (find) a real partner—so he designed and created his ideal woman 5. (use) the latest technology.The former software 6. (program) had taken out credit cards and loans,sold his car and spent his life savings in perfecting his Aiko.He said,“Aiko is what happens when science meets beauty.I want to make her look,feel and act 7. human as possible so she can be the perfect companion.I talk to her a lot,and hope to improve her knowledge.So far she can understand and speak 13,000 different sentences in English and Japanese,so she’s already fairly intelligent.Aiko recognizes faces and says hello when any of my family comes around 8. (visit).She helps me choose 9.to havefor dinner and knows what drinks I like.She even 10.(help) me with directions when we’re going somewhere.She doesn’t need holidays,food or rest and she will work almost 24 hours a day.She is very patient and never complains.She is the perfect woman.”答案1.cleaning2.creating3.that4.to finding6.programmer7.as8.to visit9.what 10.helpsⅠ.阅读理解AIBM and Local Motors introduced a new self-driving electric vehicle called “Olli”in National Harbour,Maryland.The car—really,a small bus—is capable of transporting 12 people at once.It uses IBM’s “Watson”system,pulling vast amounts of data on its surroundings from a variety of sources.For example,if you use the car enough it could eventually figure out your general path to work every morning.If you’re running late one day —or Watson uses weather data to figure out that it’s about to rain,or that traffic will get worse —Olli might tell you there’s no time for coffee.Ask it when you’ll arrive at your destination and it can answer.The vehicle will be available to the public in National Harbor at “select times”this ter this year,it will be used in Florida’s Miami-Dade County and Las Vegas.Much has been said about Google’s driverless car prototype(模型)—but JayRogers,CEO of Local Motors,a small experimental car maker,says there’s a problem with the Google’s business model.“Google doesn’t make cars,”he explained.While that’s not strictly true—the company does have its own self-driving car prototype—Google is working with traditional automakers like Fiat Chrysler to get its vehicles on public roads.But driverless cars aren’t legal in every state.“A company like Fiat Chrysler won’t put out vehicles they can’t sell everywhere,”Rogers said.Rogers believes Local Motors is nimble enough to be an industry leader.The company designed Olli in 2015 and officially approved the project in March,2016.Three months later,with IBM,they have a working vehicle in Maryland.We’re a long way away from having Olli everywhere,of course,but Rogers says Local Motors’major problem is legislation,not technology.They’re already equipped to produce and deliver the cars wherever there’s demand—though it’sa small company,so don’t expect too many of them.1.What’s Olli’s major feature?A.It is an electric vehicle.B.It doesn’t need a driver.C.It can take 12 people at once.D.It can communicate with passengers.2.What does Rogers think of Google’s driverless cars?A.They will be Olli’s strong competitors.B.They can’t be driven on public roads.C.They have a big technical problem.D.They won’t be mass-produced.3.What does the underlined word “nimble”in the text mean?A.Able to adapt easily.B.Able to act quickly.C.Fully developed.D.Highly creative.4.Why will Olli not appear in great numbers?A.Because it is still in the testing stage.B.Because many people can’t afford to buy it.C.Because Local Motors has low productivity.D.Because driverless cars are not legal in America.B(2016·武汉武昌调研)Brooke Martin’s golden retriever(金毛猎犬)Kayla hated being left alone or separated.She would howl,pace,and chew on things.Brooke learned that other people had the same problem with their pets.She wondered:“What if you could talk to your dog if you were gone?”Working with her father in their garage,the 16-year-old came up with several ideas.Finally,she invented a device that allowed pet owners to video chat with their pets!She calls the device iCPooch.“The dog doesn’t have to answer the call,”explains Brooke.“It comes up immediately on the screen on its end.It’s a two-way audio and video—you can see and hear each other.”With a click of a button you can even send the dog a treat!Her invention has earned her a spot competing against nine other finalists in a young scientist competition for middle-school students.These finalists,selected based on their short video presentations,are working with mentors over the summer before heading to the final competition in St.Paul,Minn.After Martin’s video put her among the 10 finalists in the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge,she was paired with Delony Langer-Anderson,a product develop ment scientist in 3M’s consumer health care division.“I just lead her down the product development path,”Langer-Anderson told LiveScience.This path includes guidance on how to test the potential product,which combines a video chat device that answers immediately on the dog’s end with a dog treat device the owner can remotely activate.“One thing I have thought about a lot is,what happens if while the device is on the floor,what if your dog knocks it over,or scratches the screen?”Martin said.She and Langer-Anderson discussed this,and Martin is now testing materials at a local dog shelter by taping them to the dog house floor to see how well they withstand sharp teeth and claws.The finalists create models they can test,with the guidance from a mentor.Their projects include a fuel cell that transforms cut grass into electricity and an app that rewards drivers for not texting or nger-Anderson tries to help the studentswork through the scientific method,testing their hypothesis,in a determined way.“So the kids don’t get buried in data,”she said.5.Which of the following would be the best title of the text?A.“iCPooch”wins in a young scientist competitionB.A 16-year-old girl invents a device for dogs’hungerC.A man-made device lets people chat with their petsD.A kid-invented device calms dogs’separation anxiety6.“iCPooch”calms pet dogs by .A.allowing video chatB.making dogs sleepC. answering the callD.giving them food7.What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “mentors”?petitors.B.Assistants.C.Instructors.panions.8.What do the inventions of the finalists have in common?A.They are all new inventions dealing with pets.B.They are possible solutions to everyday problems.C.They cope with the problems related to computers.D.They are all accomplished through individual work.C阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。