discussion2

SCI写作高频词-词组系列”讨论（Discussion）部分总结讨论部分是SCI论文写作难度最大，也是最能体现文章深度和创新性的部分。

一般分四大部分进行描述：第一部分，精要概括文章的研究背景以及本课题的主要研究目的、实验手段以及发现的结果。

第二部分，深入讨论结果部分中的重要研究发现。

通过比对引用前人的研究结果，讨论自己的研究结果。

讨论的角度可以从课题设计、分析方法、实验技术改进等方面进行切入。

如果课题中的研究结果是验证前人的研究发现，就不需要深入讨论, 要把讨论重点放在和前人研究结果不一样，或者前人没有发现过的独特的有创新性的结果。

第三部分，指明自己研究的不足之处。

可以从课题设计、实验手段、分析方法、是否需要进一步实验验证入手。

因为任何课题都不会是完美的，能把自己的不足主动列出来并说明对本课题“有限”的影响，会让审稿人觉得作者对自己课题是很了解的，有的时候也就不会让作者再补充相关实验。

第四部分，再次总结文章的实验发现和研究意义、贡献以及下一步的研究方向。

有的期刊要求把这部分独立出来称为“Conclusion”。

讨论部分的时态一般为过去时，在介绍前人研究时，则一般采用过去时或现在完成时。

第一部分总结概括研究背景和实验结果1. “本研究”的多样化表达：in this study, these data, these observations, our work, these results2. “目前研究的不足”如何阐述：bridge the gap between, this experimental bottleneck, remainsa significant challenge, have largely been ignored as, remain a daunting challenge, has been constrained by,3. “之前的研究”表述方法：previous results have shown that, it was previously found that,4. 时间的描述方法，“最近”怎么表达：until recently, to date, more recently, recently,5. “次序”的表达方法：followed by, then, lastly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, additionally,6. “因此”的表达方法：therefore, thus, hence, it is therefore important to,7. “转折”的描述方法：however, whereby, whereas, while, nevertheless, regardless of, in contrast, even if, conversely,8. “执行”的描述动词：analyze, screen, measure, govern, design, present a strategy, generated,9. 研究的“改善”的表达方法：has greatly improved the ability to10. 研究进展的表述方法：the advent of, recent advances,11. 结果表明的论述方法：show, suggest, demonstrate, imply, illustrate,第二部分深入讨论结果部分的重要发现1. 数量的表述方法：a diverse set of, a larger diversity of, large-scale, a large number of, a series of,2. 用于比较的描述方法：compared to prior methods, likewise, are similar to, Compared with,3. “合适”的合适表达：be well-suited for, match, adaptable for,4. “模拟”的表述方法：closely mirrored,5. “使得”我们做什么实验，“使得”的描述：allow us to, enable us to,6. “相互作用”的花样表达：interplay, map interaction, interact with,7. “关系”的描述词：relationship, association, link,8. “进一步”解释的暗示词：indeed, importantly, further, more generally,9. “来源”的描述方法：obtained from, result from,10. “借助”的用词方式：by, applied, used this method, via,11. “鉴于”的表达方式：supporting this notion, given that, considering that,12. “与......一致”的表述方法：in line with this, consistent with,第三部分指明本课题研究过程中的不足1. 结果“引发”的描述方法：lead to, contribute to, driven by, induced, in response to,2. 如何“引起读者注意”的词：remarkably, accordingly, notably, it is important to note that, interestingly,3. “自我反省”时的悔过方面：data quality, cost, scale, data-driven approach,4. “优点”的描述方法：offers unique advantages and disadvantages, the major advantage of,5. “缺点”的描述方法：a disadvantage of XX is that, these limitations, another limitation is that ,6. 用于推断的情态动词：may be, could be, should be, it is possible that, perhaps the reason that. ... is due to,7. 发挥作用的表述方式：serve this function, play an important/a crucial role in,第四部分再次回顾总结展望未来的研究1. 研究很“重要”，“重要”如何凸显：be crucial to, importantly, specifically,2. “揭示、表明”的论述方法：uncover, suggest, show, demonstrate, imply, indicate, it was found that, illustrate,3. 研究展望的描述方法：provide new insights into, ultimately reveal new molecular mechanisms, as an understudied and important potential next frontier, shed light on the molecular basis of , future investigations using strategies reported XXX will likely illuminate novel function of, the data as a continuing source for future discoveries, XXX will be an important question for future investigation, our next challenge is to, can be another strategy for XXX, lays the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies4. “整合”的描述方法：integrated into, integration of,5. “预见/认为”的下结论方法：foresee, speculate, these predictions are supported by6. 总结概括的描述方法：ultimately, altogether, taken together, in summary, together, in conclusion7. “侧重于, 强调”的表述方法：focus on, concentrate on, highlight,8. 研究价值的表述方法：particularly useful,。

《综合教程》第一册课件Unit1 The Fun They HadUnit2 Pre-reading Activities -Reading aloud1 Pre-reading Activities -Reading aloud2 Cultural information 1 Cultural information 2 Cultural information 2 Pre-reading Activities-Audiovisual supplements1 Pre-reading Activities-Audiovisual supplements3 Video Script1 Video Script2 Global Reading- Main idea Global Reading-Text analysis1 Structural analysis 1 Structural analysis 2 Detailed reading1 Detailed reading2 Detailed reading3 Detailed reading4 Detailed reading5 Detailed reading6 Detailed reading7 Detailed reading8 Detailed reading1--Quesion Detailed reading1--Quesion Detailed reading1--Quesion Detailed reading1--Quesion Detailed reading1--Quesion Detailed reading1-- head Detailed reading1-- crinkly Detailed reading1-- be supposed to Detailed reading2-- plenty 1 Detailed reading2– plenty 2 Detailed reading2-- scornful Detailed reading3–mechanical 1 Detailed reading3–mechanical 2 Detailed reading3-- send for Detailed reading4-- slot Detailed reading4-- in no time Detailed reading4-- superior 1 Detailed reading4–superior2 Detailed reading5–regular1 Detailed reading5–regular2 Detailed reading5– dispute1 Detailed reading5– dispute2 Detailed reading5–dispute3 Detailed reading6–adjust1 Detailed reading6–adjust2Detailed reading7–tuck Detailed reading7–light up Detailed reading7–insert Detailed reading8–sigh Detailed reading8–neighborhood Detailed reading2-- Many single-child Detailed reading2-- this may lead Detailed reading2-- They turned the pages 1 Detailed reading2-- They turned the pages 2 Detailed reading2-- He smiled Detailed reading2-- He walked Activity1 Activity2 Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 1 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 2 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 3 Consolidation Activities-Phrase practice 4 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison1 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison1 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison2 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison2 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison3 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison3 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison4 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison4 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison5 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison6 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison7 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison8 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison9 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison10 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison10 Consolidation Activities- Word Phrase comparison10 Consolidation Activities- Synonym Antonym1 Consolidation Activities- SynonymAntonym2 Consolidation Activities- Synonym Antonym3 Consolidation Activities- Synonym Antonym4 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- advocate 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Word derivation- respect 1 Consolidation Activities- Vocabulary main Consolidation Activities- Grammar1 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2 Consolidation Activities- Grammar2 Consolidation Activities- Grammar3 Consolidation Activities- Grammar4 Consolidation Activities- Grammar21 Consolidation Activities- Grammar22 Consolidation Activities- Grammar23 Consolidation Activities- Grammar24 Consolidation Activities- Grammar25 Consolidation Activities- Grammar26 Consolidation Activities- Translation1 Consolidation Activities- Translation2 Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Consolidation Activities- Translation5 Consolidation Activities- Translation4 Consolidation Activities- Translation5 Consolidation Activities- Translation4Integrated skills Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Consolidation Activities- Integrated skills Consolidation Activities- Hints1 Consolidation Activities- Hints2 Consolidation Activities- Hints3 Consolidation Activities- Hints4 Consolidation Activities- Hints5 Consolidation Activities- Hints6 Consolidation Activities- Hints7 Consolidation Activities- Hints8 Consolidation Activities- Hints9 Consolidation Activities- Hints10 Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Consolidation Activities- For your reference1 Consolidation Activities- For your reference2 Consolidation Activities- Oral activities Consolidation Activities- For your reference1 Consolidation Activities- For your reference2 Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Writing Consolidation Activities- Listening Consolidation Activities- Listening Consolidation Activities- Listening Consolidation Activities- Listening Consolidation Activities- Listening Consolidation Activities- ListeningConsolidation Activities- Script Consolidation Activities- Script Consolidation Activities- Script Section Five Further Enhancement Lead-in questions Text1 Text2 Text3 Text4 Text5 Text6 Text7 Text1 –Heinrich Bll Text1 – I envy barbers1 Text1 – I envy barbers 2 Text1–speak for themselves Text1 –at home in Text2–In my breast I harbor Text2–let it peal out in accordance Text2- indispensable Text3- infectious laughter Text3- punch lines Text3 - claque Text4 - bemoaningmy fate Text4 - marzipan Text5 - gets on my nerves Questions for discussion1 Questions for discussion2 Questions for discussion3 Questions for discussion4 Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes Memorable Quotes Notation type here Memorable quotes What is science and art Read the following quotes and analyze the significance of science and artto all of us Guidance Science has discovered some of the wonderful knowledge about how the natural world works the place of humans in the world and the science-based technology on which modern civilization exists Science follows truth and truth is universal Art is the expression without language allowing individuals to relate to one another on human levels transcending nationality Art is capable of bringing about understanding amongst people regardless of faith or nationality Text II Memorable quotes Memorable quotes 1 Books must follow sciences not sciences books Francis Baconeg Not wanting to get lost in the city I preferred to follow the guidebook Text II Memorable quotes Books must follow truths themselves not vice versa Follow do in a way someone or something has told or advised you to do Science and art are universal have no ethnic or cultural biases and can be appreciated by all vanish disappear completely 2 Science and art belong to the whole world and before them vanish the barriers of nationality Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Some species of animals have now vanished from the earth eg Text II Memorable quotes From Television Back to Games In a society where every one is so fortunate as to be able to spend a lot of money on entertainment most of us end up with either in front of a television or spending time with our family and friends playing a game of some kind While television is probably the most popular form of home entertainment there is a small group of us who still believe board games offer the most enjoyment They offer us a variety of ways to learn new information to test our skills and most importantly to bring us together Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Television is one of our best sources of information but a lot of times it is not the kind of information that you want or need The commercials for instance always insult your intelligence On the other hand board games are set up to offer a variety of information which can cover subjects such as geography vocabulary or financial investment All of this information is offered ina way that makes you want to learn and lets you choose what you learn Ihave acquired more information about history geography and science from Trivial Pursuit alone than I have ever been able to get from the boringway they are presented on television Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Added to the benefits of learning new information board games test your skills and knowledge with a particular outcome ahead They let you use your ideas and strategies to win the game Whether you are trying to get your opponentsking in chess or trying to make the most money in Trump there is an outcomewhich you brought about with these ideas and strategies However you are forced to become a passive spectator when watching television In somecases a program might be produced to stimulate your thought processes butit doesnt offer you an outlet for following through with your ideas suchas the useless concept of the game show for entertainment Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Still the most important difference between television and the board gameis the interaction with others Getting the family together to watch a showon television is nice that is if you can find a show on for the whole familyBut playing a board game gives you the chance to learn not only about the subject but also about each other Everyone is different with their ownviews and unique ways of handling situations giving each game a different outcome One of the nicest parties I ever attended was one where we playeda murder-mystery game called How to Host a Murder We never knew what to expect next and it was a wonderful way to get to know everyone Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Instead of watching television all the time people are finding that board games give us the outlet to test our skills and knowledge against each other They are putting their remote controls away and giving up their Executive Couch Potato status and gathering around the kitchen table foran exciting game I would much rather pretend that Im a millionaire playingfor the high stakes rather than watch someone else on a glass tube pretending to be one Its more exciting less expensive and best of all I spend the time with real and interesting people Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Text II Memorable quotes Lead-in questions Text Questions for discussion Lead-in questions 1 What kind of weird jobs do you know that people can makea living at 2 Do you find those jobs appealing Why or why not Text II Memorable quotes The Laugher 1 When someone asks me what businessI am in I am seized with embarrassment I blush and stammer I who am otherwise known as a man of poise I envy people who can say I am a bricklayer I envy barbers bookkeepers and writers the simplicity of their avowal forall these professions speak for themselves and need no lengthy explanation which I am constrained to reply to such questions I am a laugher An admission of this kind demands another since I have to answerthe second question Is that how you make your living Truthfully with Text II Memorable quotes Heinrich Bll Yes I actually do make a living at my laughing and a good one too for my laughing is commercially speaking much in demand I am a good laugher experienced no one else laughs as well as I do no one else has such command of the fine points of my art For a long time in order to avoid tiresome explanations I called myself an actor but my talents in the field of mime and elocution are so meager that I felt this designation to be too far from the truth I love the truth and the truth is I am a laugher I am neither a clown nor a comedian I do not make people gay I portray gaiety I laugh like a Roman emperor or like a sensitive schoolboy I am as much at home in the laughter of the seventeenth Text II Memorable quotes century as in that of the nineteenth and when occasion demands I laugh my way through all the centuries all classes of society all categories of age it is simply a skill which I have acquired like the skill of being able to repair shoes In my breast I harbor the laugher of America the laughter of Africa white red yellow laughter and for the right fee I let it peal out in accordance with the directors requirements 2 I have become indispensable I laugh on records I laugh on tape and television directors treat me with respect I laugh mournfully moderately hysterically I laugh like a streetcar conductor or like a helper in the grocery business laughter in the morning laughter in the evening nocturnal laughter and the laughterof twilight Text II Memorable quotes In short wherever and however laughter is required I do it 3 It need hardly be pointed out that a profession of this kind is tiring especially as I have also this is my specialty mastered the art of infectious laughter his has also made me indispensable to third- and fourth-rate comedians who are scared and with good reasonthat their audiences will miss their punch lines so I spend most evenings in night clubs as a kind of discreet claque my job being to laugh infectiously during the weaker parts of the program It has to be carefully timed my hearty boisterous laughter must not come too soon but neither must it come too late it must come just at the right spot at the prearranged moment I burst out laughing the whole audience roars with me and the joke is saved Text II Memorable quotes 4 But as for me I drag myself exhausted to the checkroom put on my overcoat happy that I can go off duty at last At home I usually find telegrams waiting for me Urgently require your laughter Recording Tuesday and a few hours later I am sitting in an overheated express train bemoaning my fate 5 I need scarcely say that when I am off duty or on vacation I have little inclination to laugh the cowhand is glad when he can forget the cow the bricklayer when he can forget the mortar and carpenters usually have doors at home which dont work or drawers which are hard to open Confectioners like sour pickles butchers like marzipan and the baker prefers sausage to bread bullfighters raise pigeons for a hobby boxersturn pale when their children have nosebleeds Text II Memorable quotesI find all this quite natural for I never laugh off duty I am a very solemn person and people consider me perhaps rightly so a pessimist 6 During the first years of our married life my wife would often say to meDo laugh but since then she has come to realize that I cannot grant herthis wish I am happy when I am free to relax my tense face muscles my frayedspirit in profound solemnity Indeed even other peoples laughter getson my nerves since it reminds me too much of my profession So our marriageis a quiet peaceful one because my wife has also forgotten how to laughnow and again I catch her smiling and I smile too We converse in low tonesfor I detest the noise of the night clubs the noise that sometimes fillsthe recording studios Text II Memorable quotes People who do not knowme think I am taciturn Perhaps I am because I have to open my mouth sooften to laugh 7 I go through life with an impassive expression fromtime to time permitting myself a gentle smile and I often wonder whetherI have ever laughed I think not My brothers and sisters have always knownme for a serious boy 8 So I laugh in many different ways but my own laughter I have never heard Text II Memorable quotes Heinrich Bll 19171985 is a German novelist and Nobel laureate Bolls fiction is an uncompromising yet compassionate survey of modern Germany depicting the absurdity of war and the dehumanization of the individual Text II Memorable quotes I envy barbers bookkeepers and writers the simplicityof their avowal Paragraph 1 I am jealous of barbers bookkeepers and writers who can openly tell people what they are The verb envy can be followed by two objects the direct object and the indirect object The indirect object usually refers to a person and often comes first Text II Memorable quotes eg I dont envy you your journey in this bad weather However the indirect object can also be put after the direct object with a preposition in between This happens particularly when the direct object is much shorter than the indirect object or when we want to lay special emphasis on the indirect object eg He envied Rosalind for her youth and strength Text II Memorable quotes avowal an open declaration or act of admitting eg She made an avowal of her ambition to be a movie star speak for themselves Paragraph 1 show sth so clearly that no explanation is necessary Text II Memorable quotes eg The company has had a very good year the figures speak for themselves at home in Paragraph 1 happy or confident about doing or using sth Text II Memorable quotes eg By the end of the week she was beginning to feel at home in her new job In my breast I harbor the laughter of America the laughter of Africa white red yellow laughter Paragraph 1 I have acquired the skill of imitating the laughter of people of different nationalities Text II Memorable quotes let it peal out in accordance with the director Paragraph 1 The phrase peal out is to say sth loudly Here the author means that he laughs loudly according to the directors requirements Text II Memorable quotesindispensable Paragraph 2 too important or useful to live without Text II Memorable quotes eg A diving suit is a piece of equipment that modern divers regard as indispensable She is good but not indispensable for the team infectious laughter Paragraph 3 Infectious laughter spreads quickly from one person to another Text II Memorable quotes eg Her giggles were infectious and soon we were all laughing punch lines Paragraph 3 the last few words of a joke or story that give meaning to the whole and cause amusement or surprise Text II Memorable quotes eg The punch line for the joke How do you know an elephant has been in your fridge is You can see its footprints in the butter claque Paragraph 3 a group of people hired to give support by clapping at a performance Text II Memorable quotes bemoaning my fate Paragraph 4 complaining about my fate Text II Memorable quotes marzipan Paragraph 5 a sweet paste made of ground almonds and sugar often with egg whites or yolks used as a layer in cakes or molded into ornamental shapes Text II Memorable quotes gets on my nerves Paragraph 6 annoys me esp by repeatedly doing sth Text II Memorable quotes eg Her constant moaning really gets on my nerves Questions for discussion Why does the narrator envy such professions as bankers bookkeepers and writers He thinks that the nature of all these professions is easy to explain Text II Memorable quotes His talents in the field of mime and elocution are not good enough to meet the requirements of an actor 2 What does the narrator say about his talentsin the field of mime and elocution Questions for discussion Text IIMemorable quotes 3 What can we infer from the passage about the narrators occupation He is a professional laugher imitating the laughterof different kinds of people and of different occasions 4 Why does thenarrator mention the skill of repairing shoes He wants to stress thatskill comes from practice Questions for discussion 5 Why are third- andfourth-rate comedians scared They do not feel at home in punch lines Asa result their performance may fail to entertain its audience Text IIMemorable quotes 6 Why does the author bemoan his fate He feels sad becausehe cannot change or control the way that things will happen Questions for discussion 7 What change can you find in the author whenhe is off duty He goes back to normal and in fact he feels happybecause he does not have to play the laugher Text II Memorable quotes fun____ What 1 it is to jump into a pool or go swimmingin a river in summer How joyful and relaxing it is to have a 2 of table tennis after a day of study at school And how exciting it is toplay or 3 a close game of basketball or volleyball All over theworld 4 of people take part in different kinds ofsports Sports are perhaps the most 5 form of relaxationthat almost all can enjoy no matter 6 they are boys or girlsmen or women young or old game ______ millions ________ watch ______who _____ popular ________ fun ____ This word collocates with game ofbasketball or volleyball If you do not play the game of basketball orvolleyball what esle could you do Vocabulary Translation Integratedskills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar fun ____ What 1it is to jump into a pool or go swimming in a river in summer How joyfuland relaxing it is to have a 2 of table tennis after a dayof study at school And how exciting it is to play or 3 a closegame of basketball or volleyball All over the world 4 of people take part in different kinds of sports Sports are perhaps themost 5 form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy nomatter 6 they are boys or girls men or women young or old game______ millions ________ watch ______ who _____ popular ________This word is used to describe that the number of sports fans is hugeVocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities WritingListening Grammar fun ____ What 1 it is to jump intoa pool or go swimming in a river in summer How joyful and relaxing it isto have a 2 of table tennis after a day of study at schoolAnd how exciting it is to play or 3 a close game of basketballor volleyball All over the world 4 of people take partin different kinds of sports Sports are perhaps the most 5 form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy no matter 6 theyare boys or girls men or women young or old game ______ millions________ watch ______ who _____ popular ________ This adjective isused to describe something that is enjoyed or liked by a lot of peopleVocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities WritingListening Grammar fun ____ What 1 it is to jump intoa pool or go swimming in a river in summer How joyful and relaxing it isto have a 2 of table tennis after a day of study at schoolAnd how exciting it is to play or 3 a close game of basketballor volleyball All over the world 4 of people take partin different kinds of sports Sports are perhaps the most 5 form of relaxation that almost all can enjoy no matter 6 theyare boys or girls men or women young or old game ______ millions________ watch ______ who _____ popular ________ Here you can use aword to lead a confessional adverbial clause Vocabulary TranslationIntegrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar Somepeople seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things thatpeople do 7 times when they are not working instead of goingto the cinema listening to the 8 or sleeping But in factsports and games can be of great 9 especially to peoplewho work with their brains They should not be treated only as 10 at ___ value ______ radio ______ amusement _____________ This is aphrase with the word times It is used to say that something happens oris true on some occasions at some moments Vocabulary TranslationIntegrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar Somepeople seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things thatpeople do 7 times when they are not working instead of goingto the cinema listening to the 8 or sleeping But in factsports and games can be of great 9 especially to peoplewho work with their brains They should not be treated only as 10 at ___ value ______ radio ______ amusement _____________ This wordcollocates with listen to What do the people do when they do not workVocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities WritingListening Grammar Some people seem to think that sports and gamesare unimportant things that people do 7 times when they are notworking instead of going to the cinema listening to the 8 or sleeping But in fact sports and games can be of great 9 especially to people who work with their brains They should not be treatedonly as 10 at ___ value ______ radio ______amusement _____________ Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oralactivities Writing Listening Grammar You can use a word to emphasize thatthe sports and games are important and useful Some people seem tothink that sports and games are unimportant things that people do 7 times when they are not working instead of going to the cinema listeningto the 8 or sleeping But in fact sports and games can beof great 9 especially to people who work with their brainsThey should not be treated only as 10 at ___value ______ radio ______ amusement _____________ Here you can use a noun meaning pleasure Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar Giving a talk Making a dialogue Giving a talk Some day when youre 90 years old you will likely tell your grandchildren about the school you went to in your childhood Undoubtedly the school your grandchildren go to will be almost totally different from yours Describe to them your teachers the way you were taught the way you learned the way you did your homework your textbooks and examinations etc You could probably begin your description with I began my school at the age of six I still remember the school I went to was a very large one in the suburbs of our city Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar 1 You may want to use the following words or expressions in your talk For your reference Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar real book printed textbook exercise books real teacher classmates blackboard chalk classroom teaching building communication interaction answer the questions in class paper-and-pencil examination Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar My classmates and I have fun in the garden and in the playground of the school Face-to-face communication between teachers and students is impressive andunforgettable 2 You may want to express the following feelings to your grandchildren Everything can be seen smelled touched and felt Everything is real and vivid Making a dialogue Invite one of your fellow students to make a dialogue imagining that you were Tommy and Margieand were talking about your likes and dislikes about your school life Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar A dialogue for reference Vocabulary Grammar Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening TommyHi Margie whats up You dont look good Margie Oh terrible I failed in my arithmetic test The mechanical teacher gave me F again I hate test I hate school Tommy Take it easy Margie Well I think school is not so bad Yousee we have our regular lessons hours and if we are sick we can arrangethe study time by ourselves I think the mechanical teacher is kind and powerful When I input a keyword to search for something he can give me thousands of references at once Vocabulary Translation Integrated skills Oral activities Writing Listening Grammar Margie Kind When I am nervous about the exam and when I have difficulty in my arithmetic lessonshe never smiles at me and encourages me Of course he cant He is just a machine I really hope that there would have a real teacher I mean a real person and er a lot of classmates We can study and have fun togetherHow wonderful Tommy Poor litter Margie Dont be so angry Come here Letme help you with your lesson Margie Thanks Tommy Tommy You are welcome。

T eaching Plan for Unit 4 Course: College English新视野二册Unit FourSection AA T est of True LoveI. Warm-up Activity1. Topic Discussioni. Student's Discussion1) Should we judge a person by his or her appearance?Of course we shouldn't judge a person by his appearance. Since some times the beauty of a person doesn't match his mind and appearance is the thing which is easy to change while the mind of a person is relatively unchangeable.2) What is true love? And what does love mean to you?True love refers to the love which can't be changed easily by the environment, the outside world and the status of the lover etc. At the same time, true love can afford the test of time, the hardship of life etc.ii. Teacher's SummaryLove is important because without it life has no meaning or purpose.Love may be many things to many people, among which are as follows.1) Love means sunshine that makes one thirsty for the other.2) Love means a game of emotion that is always deprived of reason.3) Love means a tree whose fruit is sometimes sweet and sometimes bitter.4) Love means a bottle of wine with which both sides like being drunk.5) Love means a river in which both sides seek to be drowned…People who have fallen in love are the happiest in the world and are admired by others. Everyone wants to be loved and get true love. But what is true love?And how to judge it? True love can afford the test of time and live forever in our heart. It wouldn't be influenced by the outside world and it refers to the communication of the minds between the lovers.The course of true love never did run smooth. — Shakespeare(真爱之旅从无坦途。

discussion 短语
discussion 短语：
1.under discussion 正在讨论中
2.group discussion 小组讨论；集体讨论
3.topic for discussion 议题
4.have a discussion 讨论一下，进行讨论
5.general discussion 一般讨论；交流区
6.class discussion 课堂讨论；班级讨论；教室讨论
7.discussion forum 讨论区
8.panel discussion 专题讨论会
9.discussion group 讨论组
10.d iscussion paper 讨论稿；讨论文件
11.r esults and discussion 结果与讨论
12.d iscussion list 讨论表
13.d iscussion method 讨论法
14.d iscussion meeting 讨论会；论证会
15.P anel discussion 小组讨论; 分组讨论; 小组探讨; 专题讨论
16.c lass discussion 课堂讨论 ; 教室讨论; 班级讨论; 全班讨论
17.b usiness discussion 业务洽谈 ; 商务谈判; 商谈
18.L eaderless Group Discussion 无领导小组讨论 ; 无领导小组讨
论法; 无领导的群体讨论; 无领导群体讨论
19.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论; 争论; 一场激烈的讨论;
热闹的探讨。

Second Langauge AcquisitionWhat is second language?A second language (L2) is any language learned after the first language or mother tongue (L1).What is foreign language?A foreign language is a language used in a country other than one's own. It is also a language not spoken in the native country of the person referred to, i.e. an English speaker living in China can say that Chinese is a foreign language to him or her. These two characterizations do not exhaust the possible definitions, however, and the label is occasionally applied in ways that are variously misleading or factually inaccurate. Relations between second language and foreign language?The expression second language is not just in contrast with first language or mother tongue in the literature. Some linguists make a distinction between a second language and a foreign language. The contrast is based on the social context. In a bilingual or multilingual community, the language other than one's mother tongue is called a second language. In a monolingual country, the language one learns is a foreign language.What is the scope of SLA?It is the study of how learners create a new language system with only limited exposure to a second language.It is also the study of why only some learners appear to achieve native-like proficiency in more than one language.Additionally, second language acquisition is concerned with the nature of the hypotheses (whether conscious or unconscious) that learners come up with regarding the rules of the second language.It is the study of what is learned of a second language and what is not learned; it is the study of why most second language learners do not achieve the same degree of knowledge and proficiency in a second language as they do in their native language.It is the study of how second languages are learned. In other words, it is the study of the acquisition of a non-primary language; that is, the acquisition of a language beyond the native language.A major goal of second language acquisition research is the determination of linguistic constraints on the formation of second language grammars. Because theories of language are concerned with human language knowledge, one can reasonably assume that this knowledge is not limited to first language knowledge, and that linguistic principles reflect the possibilities of human language creation and the limits of human language variation. This scope of inquiry includes second languages.Language pedagogypedagogical decision-making must reflect what is known about the process of learning, which is the domain of second language acquisition.Rationale related to language pedagogy has to do with the expectations that teachers have of their students.•Mr. Sung says “Let’s go”•Wexford: I wish you wouldn’t keep saying that. If I may suggest it, you should say, “Shall we go? Or “Are you ready?”•Sung: Y ou may suggest. Thank you. I am anxious to speak good. Shall we go? Are you ready?•Wexford: Oh, yes, certainly.•Sung: Don’t reply, please. I practice. Shall we go? Are you leady? Good, I have got it.Come, let’s go. Are you ready to go to the site? Reply now, please.Cross-cultural CommunicationMany of the speech patterns that nonnative speakers use reflect their nonnativeness rather than characteristics of their personality.Cross-cultural CommunicationExample 1(1-1) From Goldschmidt (1996, p. 255)•NNS: I have a favor to ask you.•NS: Sure, what can I do for you?•NNS: Y ou need to write a recommendation for me.Example 2•An international student whom the professor did not know emailed to ask the professor for an appointment, stating that she was interested in the discipline of SLA.The professor wrote back with a suggestion of a time that they finally agreed on. The student arrived at the appointed time and said:•(1-2) NNS: Y ou wanted to see me?Language policy and language planning•(a) information about second language learning,•(b) the kinds of instruction that can be brought to bear on issues of acquisition,•(c) the realities and expectations one can have of such programs.Second language acquisition is a complex field whose focus is the attempt to understand the processes underlying the learning of a second language.Second language acquisition, while rightfully part of the humanities, is also part of the social sciences, defined (Merriam-Webster online) as “a branch of science that deals with the institutions and functioning of human society and with the interpersonal relationships of individuals a s members of society.”DefinitionsNative Language (NL): This refers to the first language that a child learns. It is also known as the primary language, the mother tongue, or the L1 (first language). In this book, we use the common abbreviation NL.•Target Language (TL): This refers to the language being learned.•Second Language Acquisition (SLA): This is the common term used for the name of the discipline. In general, SLA refers to the process of learning another language after the native language has been learned. Sometimes the term refers to the learning of a third or fourth language. The important aspect is that SLA refers to the learning of a nonnative language after the learning of the native language. The second language is commonly referred to as the L2. As with the phrase “second language,” L2 can refer to any language learned after learning the L1, regardless of whether it is the second, third, fourth, or fifth language.•Foreign Language Learning: Foreign language learning is generally differentiated from second language acquisition in that the former refers to the learning of a nonnative language in the environment of one’s native language (e.g., French speakers learning English in France or Spanish speakers learning French in Spain, Argentina, or Mexico). This is most commonly done within the context of the classroom. Questions for discussion 1• 1 A teacher has drilled students in the structure known as indirect questions:•Do you know where my book is?•Do you know what time it is?•Did he tell you what time it is?•As a direct result of the drills, all students in the class were able to produce the structure correctly in class. After class, a student came up to the teacher and asked, “Do you know where is Mrs. Irving?” In other words, only minutes after the class, in spontaneous speech, the student used the structure practiced in class incorrectly.Describe what you think the reason is for this misuse. Had the lesson been a waste of time? How might you go about finding answers to these questions?Questions for discussion 2Consider the distinction between second language acquisition and foreign language learning. Take the position that they are fundamentally different.Questions for discussion 3•9 In pairs, answer “True” or “False” to the fo llowing statements. Justify your responses. Once you come to a consensus, compare your answers to those of another pair.• a Any child without cognitive disabilities can learn any language with equal ease.• b Learning a second language is a matter of learning a new set of habits.• c The only reason that some people cannot learn a second or foreign language is that they are insufficiently motivated.d All children can learn a second language accent-freeQuestions for discussion 4• e No adult can learn a second language accent-free.• f All human beings have an innate capacity to learn language.•g V ocabulary is the most important part of learning a second language.•h V ocabulary is the most difficult part of learning a second language.•i Language instruction is a waste of time.•j Learning a second language takes no more time than learning a first language. Suggestions for additional reading•Inside Language. Vivian Cook. Edward Arnold (1997).•Language: Its Structure and Use, 5th ed. Edward Finegan. Heinle (2008).•An Introduction to Language, 8th ed. Victoria Fromkin, Robert Rodman and Nina Hyams. Heinle (2007).•Essential Introductory Linguistics. Grover Hudson. Blackwell (2000).•Linguistics: A Very Short Introduction. P. H. Matthews. Oxford University Press (2003).•Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. William O’Grady, John Archibald, Mark •Aronoff, and Janie Rees-Miller. Bedford/St. Martin’s Press (2005).•The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. Steven Pinker. Morrow (1994).•Linguistics: An Introduction. Andrew Radford, Martin Atkinson, David Britain,•Harald Clahsen, and Andrew Spencer. Cambridge University Press (1999).。

discussion的四点用法学习英语这门学科，需要记大量的单词，而记单词之前，一般要理解它的意思和用法，才可以快速地记住它。

下面是小编给大家带来的discussion的四点用法_discussion的详解意思，以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!discussion的意思解释Discussion讨论; 洽商; 商讨; 讨论区;class discussion课堂讨论; 教室讨论; 全班讨论; 教室讨论——;under discussion在讨论中; 讨论中; 正在讨论中; 在被讨论;Free discussion自由讨论; 自由交流时间; 闲聊灌水; 游泳池;Pointless discussion没有抓住重点的无效讨论;▼discussion的四点用法1. 表示“讨论”，若指一次讨论活动或一次讨论会等具体意义，是可数的。

如：They entered into a long discussion. 他们开始一段长时间的讨论。

We are having a discussion. 我们在讨论问题。

若指抽象意义的讨论或指讨论的动作或状态等，则通常为不可数的。

比较：Further discussion would be pointless. 继续讨论是无意义的。

There is little time for discussion. 没有什么时间进行讨论了。

有时还可受some, much等的修饰。

如：After much discussion they decided to accept our offer. 经过充分的讨论，他们决定接受我们开的价。

The agenda was adopted after some discussion. 经过讨论，议事日程获得通过。

2. 其后接介词of，表示动宾关系;discussion of sth在意义上相当于discussing sth。

如：We started in on a discussion of the idea. 我们开始讨论那个意见。

under discussion和on discussion 哪个表示“在讨论中”？（最新版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如词性大全、句法大全、句型大全、从句大全、时态大全、语态大全、语法大全、虚拟语气、用法辨析、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as part of speech, syntax, sentence pattern, clause, tense, voice, grammar, subjunctive, usage analysis, other materials, etc. If you want to know the different formats and writing methods of the model essay, please pay attention!under discussion和on discussion 哪个表示“在讨论中”？on discussion 和 under discussion 都可表示“在讨论中”，都是固定搭配（都用介词on且都不用冠词）。

discussion的用法与搭配"discussion" 是一个名词，表示讨论的过程或活动。

它的用法和搭配如下：1. 一般搭配：- have a discussion：进行讨论- engage in a discussion：参与讨论- lead/facilitate a discussion：主持讨论- open a discussion：发起讨论- spark/initiate a discussion：引发讨论例句：- Let's have a discussion about the new project proposal tomorrow. - I often engage in discussions about politics and current events.- The teacher led a lively discussion on the topic of climate change. - The controversial article opened a discussion among readers.- Her question sparked a heated discussion among the participants.2. 搭配“discussion”的动词：- start/initiate a discussion：开始讨论- continue a discussion：继续讨论- end/conclude a discussion：结束讨论- participate in a discussion：参与讨论- contribute to a discussion：为讨论作出贡献- express/share opinions in a discussion：在讨论中表达/分享意见例句：- Let's start the discussion by addressing the main points.- We will continue the discussion at our next meeting.- The moderator concluded the discussion with a summary of the key points.- All participants are encouraged to actively participate in the discussion. - She always contributes valuable insights to our discussions.- Feel free to express and share your opinions in the discussion.3. 搭配“discussion”的形容词：- fruitful/discussion：有成果的讨论- lively/discussion：活跃的讨论- heated/discussion：激烈的讨论- meaningful/discussion：有意义的讨论- productive/discussion：富有成效的讨论- informal/discussion：非正式的讨论例句：- The team had a fruitful discussion and came up with some innovativeideas.- The lively discussion lasted for hours as everyone had strong opinions on the topic.- The topic of politics often leads to heated discussions.- The participants engaged in a meaningful discussion about social inequalities.- The meeting was highly productive with many actionable items identified during the discussion.- We had an informal discussion over coffee, which allowed for a more relaxed exchange of ideas.。

进行讨论的英语短语遇到不懂的英语时，它都会问同学，并会和它一起进行讨论。

下面就由店铺为大家带来关于进行讨论的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。

关于进行讨论的相关短语1. We want to engage recognized leaders in discussion.我们想和公认的领袖们进行讨论。

2. Also up for discussion will be the conduct of free and fair elections.同样提出来进行讨论的还有如何进行自由公正的选举。

3. The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger.委员会通过了主席提出的新方案,开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论.4. The group discuss the problem.整个小组进行讨论.5. The discussion that follows will center about these parameters.以下将针对这些参数进行讨论.6. Discussion should be part of the decision - making process.进行讨论该是作决定的过程.7. That strikes me as a reasonable basis for discussion. Do you agree?我认为这是双方进行讨论的合理基础, 你同意吗 ?8. The company and its workers ironed out their over hours and pay.公司方面和工人就工作时间和报酬问题的分歧进行讨论并达成了协议.9. Based on productive practice, the reasons causing shrinkage defects were analyzed.根据生产实践, 对铬铜铸铁活塞环缩松问题进行讨论分析.10. That strikes me as a reasonable basis for discussion.我认为这是我们双方进行讨论的合理基础.11. The next morning we spent several hours in concentrated discussion.第二天我们花了几个钟头集中进行讨论.12. A group that meets to agree standards for new equipment.一组人针对新设备的标准进行讨论,并达成共识.13. It is usually discussed under the rubric of'functional obesity '.这个问题通常是在“官能性肥胖”的题目下进行讨论.14. The committee have been circling round the main question throughout the meeting.在会上委员会始终围绕这个主要问题进行讨论.15. Annual Management Reviews are held, deviations are discussed and action taken accordingly.保持了年度回顾, 对偏差进行讨论并采取了相应的行动.关于进行讨论的相关例句各位下周进行讨论吧。

⼤学英语视听说II听⼒答案及原⽂（第三版）unit4Unit Four Psychology in Our Daily LifePart 1 Listening, Understanding and SpeakingListening IExercise 1 1)F 2)T 3)T 4)F 5)F 6)FExercise 2 1)prison 2)the digging 3)ten 4)the money; the gun 5)plant the potatoesScript:A potato farmer was sent to prison just at the time when he should have been digging the ground for planting the new crop of potatoes. He knew that his wife would not be strong enough to do the digging by herself, but she could manage to do the planting; and he also knew that he did not have any friends or neighbors who would be willing to do the digging for him. So he wrote a letter to his wife which said, “Please do not dig the potato field. I hid the money and the gun there.”Ten days later he got a letter from his wife. It said, “I think somebody is reading your letters before they go out of the prison. Some policemen arrived here two days ago and dug up the whole potato field. What shall I do now?”The prisoner wrote back at once, “Plant the potatoes, of course.”Listening IIExercise 1 √4 √5Exercise 21)the lift service 2)engineers 3)Add more lifts 4)faster ones 5)too expensive 6)a psychologist 7)Place a large mirror 8)simple 9)inexpensiveScript:The manager of a large office building received many complaints about the lift service in the building. He hired a group of engineers to study the situation. They suggested two solutions: 1) adding more lifts of the same type; 2) replacing the lifts with faster ones.The manager decided that both suggestions were too expensive. So he asked a psychologist to study the problem. The psychologist noticed that many people felt angry and impatient because they thought they had to wait too long for the lifts. However, the psychologist found that they had to wait only a relatively short time. It occurred to him that the reason they felt angry and impatient was that they had nothing to do while they were waiting for the lifts. He suggested a simple, inexpensive solution to the manager. This was adopted and complaints stopped immediately. The solution was to place a large mirror next to the lifts.Listening IIIExercise 1 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)TExercise 21)office 2)discussion 3)Immediately 4)long 5)describing 6)wrongs 7)over 8)shoulders 9)minutes 10)speechlessScript:After just a few years of marriage, filled with constant arguments, a young man and his wife decided the only way to savetheir marriage was to try therapy. They had been at each other's throats for some time and felt that this was their last resort.When they arrived at the therapist's office, the therapist jumped right in and opened the floor for discussion, “What seems to be the problem?” Immediately, the husband held his long face down without anything to say. On the other hand, the wife began describing all the wrongs within their marriage.After 5—10—15 minutes of listening to the wife, the therapist went over to her, picked her up by her shoulders, kissed her for several minutes, and sat her back down. Afterwards, the wife sat there—speechless.He looked over at the husband who was staring in disbelief at what had happened. The therapist spoke to the husband,“Your wife NEEDS that at least twice a week!”The husband scratched his head and replied, “I can have her here on Tuesdays and Thursdays.”Listening IVExercise 1 1)T 2)T 3)F 4)F 5)FExercise 2 1)less stressed 2)stress level; heart rate; blood pressure 3)discussion; social interaction; relaxed 4)laugh; great Script:Joan: I'm so stressed out! I just can't get that new computer program written. I wonder if I'll ever finish it. I'm supposed to have dinner with my best friend from college tonight but I think I should call her and say I can't.Thomas: No, Joan, don't call her. Have dinner with her and have a good time.Shelly: I agree with Kristen. Have dinner and talk about what fun you two had in college. Tomorrow you'll feel less stressed. Joan: How do you know, Shelly?Shelly: I recently read an article in the magazine Psychology Today. It said social support, especially with old and good friends, can help you keep down your stress level. It can actually slow your heart rate and reduce your blood pressure. Thomas: I read that too. It also said that making time for close relationships is vital to helping you have good health. Some research suggests that people who are socially connected get a better night's rest too.Joan: OK, I'll go. I really wanted to, but, well, you know... By the way, Kristen, your job is stressful too. What are you doing tonight?Thomas: I've joined a book discussion group. We're meeting tonight. I always enjoy the discussion and social interaction, so I go home afterwards, feeling relaxed.Shelly: I'm going to call my sister. We don't live close to each other so we phone when we can and laugh a lot. I always feel great afterwards.Joan: Sounds like we'll all be “distressing” tonight. I'm glad we talked.Part 2 Viewing, Understanding and SpeakingExercise 1 1)BCFHI 2)ADEGExercise 21)6:55 2)New York 3)mechanical problems 4)their flight is overdue/delayed 5)the coffee shop 6)seating on another airline 7)1120Part 3 Video Appreciation and Singing for FunExercise 1 1)F 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)T 6)F 7)T 8)TExercise 2 √A √B √C √DExercise 3 1)curse 2)stuck 3)checkout 4)assess; objectively; 5)field; vision 6)fed 7)shoot 8)overtakePart 4 Further ListeningListening IExercise 1 √B √EExercise 2 1)T 2)F 3)F 4)T 5)TScript:Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space. The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural preference, not an economic one. Knowing your own psychological space needs is important because they strongly influence your choices, including, for example, the number of bedrooms in the home. If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms, then it's very likely that you will also provide separate bedrooms for your children. In America they train people to want their own private rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies. This is very rare in the world. In many cultures the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in a crib near their bed.The areas in the home where people meet also reveal a lot about psychological space needs. Some families cluster, and the size of their house has nothing to do with it. Others have separate little places where family members go to be alone.Although psychological space needs are not determined by economic factors, they sometimes have to be modified a little because of economic pressures. It is almost impossible, however, to completely change your psychological space needs.Listening IIExercise 1 1)psychologists 2)influence 3)experimented 4)carrier 5)observed 6)normal 7)10 percent of the passers-by helped the non-handicapped man, and 15 percent helped the man with a cast. 8)set up a similar experiment in a situation where the subjects couldn’t leave.Exercise 2 1)A student volunteer 2)experiment 3)same 4)books 5)75 6)37.5 7)distracting 8)notice 9)respond 10)further annoyed 11)the noise 12)help outScript:Two recent studies by psychologists suggest that noise can influence how nice we are to others. They experimented by giving people a chance to help someone in trouble. A person would see a man carrying two boxes filled with books. As the person came closer, the book carrier dropped several books. The other researcher observed whether the passer-by offered to help.When the noise level was normal, 20 percent of the passers-by helped. When the experimenter wore a cast on his arm, 80 percent offered help.But when a very noisy lawnmower was nearby, 10 percent of the passers-by helped the non-handicapped man, and 15 percent helped the man with a cast.It seemed that people were less helpful when it was noisy because they wanted to escape the noise. So the researchers set up a similar experiment in a situation where the subjects couldn't leave.A student volunteer waited in a room before being called for an experiment he expected. The experimenter waited in thesame room, holding some books. He dropped the books. The noise level in the room varied from normal to loud; 75 percent of the 52 students helped pick up the books under normal conditions, but only half that many volunteered when the room was noisy. Perhaps because of the distracting noise, the students didn't notice and respond quickly to the book-dropping. Or perhaps the book-dropping further annoyed the students already irritated by the noise, making them less likely to help out. Listening IIIExercise 1 1)C 2)A 3)C 4)A 5)BExercise 2 1)identify personalities 2)achievement 3)parties 4)center 5)crowd 6)getting along with 7)friendly; caring8)planned 9)structured 10)a few friends 11)a big groupScript:(Three students, John, Sue, and Kelly, are looking at magazines in the library and commenting on some articles they see.) John: I think I've seen everything now!Sue: What do you mean?John: Have you ever heard of psycho-geometrics?Sue: No.John: I hadn't either. It's a new way of identifying personalities.Kelly: How?John: You think of the four basic shapes—square, triangle, circle and rectangle and decide which shape you like best. Sue: I like triangles. They make me think of the ancient Egyptian pyramids. What does that say about me?John: The triangle stands for ambition and high achievement.Sue: I like that. What else?John: You like to achieve. Once you decide what you want, nothing will stop you. Also you like to give big parties for friends and love being in the center of the crowd.Kelly: That fits you, Sue. What about me? I like circles. That's why I wear my blouse with the dots on it so often.John: The circle is a symbol of unity. Getting along with others is most important to you. You're friendly, caring and a good listener. No wonder you're so popular!Kelly: That's nice to know. What about you?John: I like squares. This is supposed to mean that I like things to be planned and structured, and also that finishing things is important to me.Kelly: What else?John: It says that I prefer being with just a few friends rather than with a big group. That's really true.Sue: Do you believe all of this, John?John: I don't know but it's fun to think about.Listening IVExercise 11)American history 2)$64,000 3)the best guest; missed a question 4)second 5)easier; play it safeExercise 2 1)C 2)B 3)B 4)A 5)AScript:Bob had finally made it to the last round of the $64,000 Question. The night before the big question, he told the host that he desired a question on American history. The big night had arrived. Bob made his way on stage in front of the studio and TV audience. He had become the talk of the week. He was the best guest this show had ever seen. The host stepped up to the mike.“Bob, you have chosen American history as your final question. You know that if you correctly answer this question, you will walk away $64,000 richer. Are you ready?”Bob nodded with confidence. The audience went nuts. He hadn't missed a question all week.“Bob, your question on American history is a two-part question. As you know, you may answer either part first. As a rule, the second half of the question is always easier. Which part would you like to answer first?”Bob was now becoming very nervous. He couldn't believe it, but he was drawing a blank. American history was his easiest subject, but he played it safe. “I'll try the easier part first.”The host nodded approvingly. “Here we go, Bob. I will ask you the second half first, then the first half.”The audience silenced with great anticipation.“Bob, here is your question: And in what year did it happen?”。

SCI写作中Discussion部分怎么写？-美辑编译Discussion，讨论。

在一篇SCI中仅占篇幅不多的一个部分，却有着升华主题，提升文章高度的重要作用。

但如何才能使得一篇SCI的讨论具有升华主题的作用呢？那么，你需要了解这部分的内容怎么写？A.讨论部分包括什么内容?(1)主要数据及其特征的总结;(2)主要结论及与前人观点的对比;(3) 本文的不足。

对第三点，一般作者看来不可取，但事实上给出文章的不足恰恰是保护自己文章的重要手段。

如果刻意隐藏文章的漏洞，觉得别人看不出来，是非常不明智的。

所谓不足，包括以下内容：(1)研究的问题有点片面，讨论时一定要说，It should be noted that this study has examined only……We concentrate (focus) on only……We have to point out that we do not……Some limitations of this study are……(2)结论有些不足，The results do not imply……The results can not be used to determine(or be taken as evidence of)……Unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data……Our results are lack of……但指出这些不足之后，一定要马上再次加强本文的重要性以及可能采取的手段来解决这些不足，为别人或者自己的下一步研究打下伏笔。

Not withstanding its limitation, this study does sugges t……However, these problems could be solved if we consider……Despite its preliminary character, this study can clearly indicate……用中文来说这是左右逢源，把审稿人想到的问题提前给一个交代，同时表明你已经在思考这些问题，但是由于文章长度，试验进度或者试验手段的制约，暂时不能回答这些问题。