最新北师大高二选修6Unit 17背景素材背景文字Jokes of School Life

Story1Once there lived a very exact man.One day, when he was walking in the street, an old woman came and asked him,"Excuse me, but where is the nearest bus station?" "The nearest bus station?"the man answered,"you can go across the bridge,and then turn to the right,you will find the station is on your left." "And is the bridge long?" "Very,thirty meters." The old woman thanked him,and went towards the bridge.Suddenly she heard someone running after her."Stop!"the man was shouting"I just remembered,the bridge is forty meters long,if you go thirty metres and turn to the right,as I told you to do,you will fall in to the river!"Story2A Brave MouseI'm a brave, brave mouse;I go marching through the house,And I'm not afraid of anything at all.For danger I'm prepared,And I'm never, never scared.No, I'm not afraid of anything at all.What about a cat?What - a cat?Yes, a cat!Big and fat!Well, except for a cat,I'm not afraid of anything at all.一只勇敢的老鼠我是一只老鼠，胆子特别大；大摇大摆穿堂过，什么都不怕。

Some Funny Stories 2A Cat's DiaryDay 751: My captors continue to torment me with bizarre dangling objects? They eat lavish meals in my presence while I am forced to subsist on dry cereal? The only thing that keeps me going is the hope of eventual escape -- that, and the satisfaction I get from occasionally ruining some piece of their furniture?I fear I may be going insane? Yesterday, I ate a houseplant. Tomorrow I may eat another.The Bar StoryThis guy goes to a bar that's on the tenth floor of a hotel. He sits down and has a couple of drinks, then stands up, announces loudly that he has had enough, and goes over and jumps out the window. Now, there are two men who are sitting at a window table, and having that natural human curiosity about the grotesque, watch as this man plummets to certain death. However, just as he is about to hit the ground, he rights himself, pulls his feet underneath himself, and lands gracefully. He then turns and comes back into the building. Naturally, the two men are amazed. The guy comes back into the bar, orders a few drinks, then repeats the process. The two men at the window seat are astounded! When the guy returns and repeats the procedure AGAIN, the two men stop him before he jumps and ask him how on earth he does that. He replies "It's simple, really. There's an air vent down by the ground, and if you catch the updraft, you can right yourself and land on the ground with no problems." Then he proceeded to jump out the window again. Well, these two men decided that they just HAD to try this, so they jumped out the window, and SPLAT! -- made a mess hitting all over the ground. Meanwhile, the first guy has made it back up to the bar. When hesits down to order his drinks, the bartender says "Superman, you can be a real ------- when you're drunk!"CEO PartyA CEO (and member of Forbes 400!) throwing a party takes his executives on a tour of his opulent mansion. In the back of the property, the CEO has the largest swimming pool any of them has ever seen. The huge pool, however, is filled with hungry alligators. The CEO says to his executives "I think an executive should be measured by courage. Courage is what made me CEO. So this is my challenge to each of you: if anyone has enough courage to dive into the pool, swim through those alligators, and make it to the other side, I will give that person anything they desire. My job, my money, my house, anything!"Everyone laughs at the outrageous offer and proceeds to follow the CEO on the tour of the estate. Suddenly, they hear a loud splash. Everyone turns around and sees the CFO (Chief Financial Officer) in the pool, swimming for his life. He dodges the alligators left and right and makes it to the edge of the pool with seconds to spare. He pulls himself out just as a huge alligator snaps at his shoes. The flabbergasted CEO approaches the CFO and says, "You are amazing. I've never seen anything like it in my life. You are brave beyond measure and anything I own is yours. Tell me what I can do for you."The CFO, panting for breath, looks up and says, "You can tell me who the hell pushed me in the pool!!"。

单元文化背景知识：Benefits of LaughterPlato's remark that "Even the gods love jokes." must be correct, for the value of laughter is recorded in sacred scripture. For example, the Koran states that "He deserves Paradise who makes his companions laugh." By the fourteenth century, the healing power of humor was recognized by the medical community. An important French surgeon, Henri de Mandeville (1260-1320), wrote, "Let the surgeon take care to regulate the whole regimen of the patient's life for joy and happiness, allowing his relatives and special friends to cheer him, and by having someone tell him jokes."However, extensive research on 'laughter therapy' did not begin until after the New England Journal of Medicine published an article by Norman Cousins in 1976. Later, in 1979, this article became the first chapter of his book, 'Anatomy of an Illness.' In it he explained how he was diagnosed in 1964 with ankylosing spondylitis (also known as spondylitis, AS, or Bechterew Disease). The disease usually results in acute inflammation of the spine and can affect other areas of the body as well. Norman Cousins' case was so severe that he was given a one in five hundred chance of recovery and a few months to live.Realizing that negative thoughts and attitudes can result in illness, he reasoned that positive thoughts and attitudes may have the opposite effect. So he left the hospital and checked into a hotel where he took mega doses of vitamin C and watched humorous movies and shows, including 'Candid Camera' and the Marx Brothers. He found that ten minutes of boisterous laughter resulted in at least two hours of pain-free sleep. He continued his routine until he recovered. Thus, he proved that laughter is the best medicine, and pointed the way to mind-body medicine.William Fry, M.D., professor of psychiatry at Stanford University Medical School and expert on health and laughter, reports the average kindergarten student laughs 300 times a day. Yet, adults average just 17 laughs a day. Why the difference? Are we too uptight, too tense? Do we take life too seriously? Isn't it time we learned how to relax? We don't stop laughing because we grow old; we grow old because we stop laughing. So, if we want to fly like the angels and share in their happiness, we'll have to follow their example and take ourselves lightly.Our five senses are not enough for ideal living. We need to use our sixth sense: our sense of humor. Humor isn't about merely telling jokes; it's the way we view the world. We can be sincere about life without taking it so seriously. We can laugh about our mistakes and pain. Louis Kronenberger explains: "Humor simultaneously wounds and heals, indicts and pardons, diminishes and enlarges; it constitutes inner growth at the expense of outer gain, and those who posses and honestly practice it make them more through a willingness to make themselves less."The brilliant American humorist, James Thurber (1894-1961), described humorists as follows: "The wit makes fun of other persons; the satirist makes fun of the world; the humorist makes fun of himself, but in so doing, he identifies himself with people - that is, people everywhere, not for the purpose of taking them apart, but simply revealing their true nature." The wellspring of laughter is not happiness, but pain, stress, and suffering. Socrates pointed this out when he taught, "The comic and the tragic lie inseparably close, like light and shadow." So, we should be thankful for our suffering, for without it there would be nothing to laugh at! When we laugh at our woes, they dissolve, or at least become bearable, so that we arrive at peace and happiness. As the pragmatic philosopher and psychologist, William James (1842-1910), said, "We don't laugh because we're happy, we are happy because we laugh."What's the reason behind this article? Simply to point out the benefits of laughter are too numerous to ignore. Now is the time to resolve that we will consciously make an effort to laugh frequently throughout the day. Of course, as we do so, we will laugh with people - not at them. We will laugh at what people do, not at what people are. We will laugh not only to lighten our burdens, but those of everyone we meet.The many benefits of laughter1. When you make fun of yourself, you disempower those who would make fun of you and disarm possible confrontations.2. Laughter dissolves tension, stress, anxiety, irritation, anger, grief, and depression. Like crying, laughter lowers inhibitions, allowing the release of pent-up emotions. After a hearty bout of laughter, you will experience a sense of well-being. Simply put,he who laughs lasts. After all, if you can laugh at it, you can live with it. Remember, a person without a sense of humor is like a car without shock absorbers.3. Medical researches have found that laughter boosts the immune system. The study of how behavior and the brain affect the immune system is called psychoneuroimmunology. Though still in its infancy, this science is rapidly gaining much attention as mankind strives to understand the mind-body relationship.4. Laughter reduces pain by releasing endorphins that are more potent than equivalent amounts of morphine.5. Humor helps integrate both hemispheres of our brain, for the left hemisphere is used to decipher the verbal content of a joke while the right hemisphere interprets whether it is funny or not.6. Laughter adds spice to life; it is to life what salt is to a hard-boiled egg.7. Develop your sense of humor and you will find you are more productive, a better communicator, and a superior team player.8. Everyone loves someone who can make them laugh. The more you share your sense of humor, the more friends you will have.9. Humor brings the balance we need to get through the turbulence of life comfortably.10. Laughter is even equivalent to a small amount of exercise. It massages all the organs of the body, according to Dr. James Walsh.11. A sense of humor can help you accept the inevitable, rise to any challenge, handle the unexpected with ease, and come out of any difficulty smiling.The most wasted day is that in which we have not laughed. Don't wait until you are sick before you begin practicing laughter therapy. Start today by renting comedy classics from your video store, borrowing humorous books from the library, attending comedy clubs or watching comics on TV, and exchanging jokes with family members, friends, and coworkers. If you are visiting someone in the hospital, why not bring funny greeting cards and humorous books instead of flowers?I'll end on a personal note. Every time I'm out on a cloudy day with a group of friends, I'm the first person to know when it starts to rain. Do you know why?Because I'm bald!。

Unit 17 LaughterThe ups an d downs of life may seem to have no predictable plan. But scientists now know there are very definite patterns that almost all people share. Even if you've passed some of your "prime", you still have other prime years to experience in the future. Certain important primes seem to peak later in life.When are you smartest? From 18-25, according to I.Q. scores; but you're wiser and more experienced with increasing age.You're sharpest in your 20s; around 30, memory begins to decline, particularly your ability to perform mathematical computations. But y our I.Q. for other tasks climbs. Your vocabulary at age 45, for example，is three times as great as when you graduated from college. At 60, your brain p ossesses almost fourtimes as much information as it did at age 21. This trade-off between sharpness and wisdom has led psychologists to suggest that "maturity quotients" (M.Q.) be adopted for adults.When are you happiest? You have the best人生的起伏似乎没有可预知的模式，但是科学家现在发现有一些模式相当明确，绝大多数人都不例外。

Development of Children’s Understanding Emotion Understanding emotion becomes more and more popular in the resent two decad es. Understanding emotion includes two elements: understanding emotional state, and understanding emotional process. Understanding emotional state includes expression r ecognition, emotion situation recognition, and understanding mixed emotion. Underst anding emotional process includes understanding of emotion cause, understanding of desire and belief on emotion, knowledge of emotion display rules and understanding o f emotion regulation. The method and development of understanding emotion are revi ewed, and the limitations of method and content are discussed. The methods such as s ocial cognitive neuroscience and the natural language analysis are suggested for meth odological improvement. The cultural variations in children’s understanding emotion r equire further study and the materials should be standardized. The process and functio nal mechanism of understanding emotion are suggested for content improvement. The experimental research in the function of understanding emotion and the personal infl u encing factors of understanding emotion should be paid more attention in future儿童情绪理解发展的研究述评近20年来，情绪理解越来越成为大家关注一个的研究领域。

Some Funny Stories 1Adventurous DiningA man travels to Spain and goes to Pamplona during the great "running of the Bulls" festival.After his first day there, he goes out late for dinner at a restaurant in the center of the town. He orders the house special and he is brought a plate, with potatoes, corn, and two large meaty objects."What's this?" he asks."Cojones, senor," the waiter replies."What are cojoneses?" the man asks."Conjoins," the waiter explains, "are the testicles of the bull that lost at the arena this afternoon."At first the man is disgusted, but being the adventurous type, he decides to try this local delicacy. To his amazement, it is quite delicious. In fact, it is so good that he decides to come back again the next night and order it again. This time, the waiter brings out the plate, but the meaty objects are much smaller."What's this?" he asks the waiter."Cojones, senor," the waiter replies."No, no," the man objects. "I had cojones yesterday and they were much bigger than these.""Senor," the waiter explains, "the bull does not lose every time."A Lawyer’s QuestionA small town prosecuting attorney called his first witness to the stand in a trial--a grandmotherly, elderly woman. He approached her and asked, "Mrs. Jones, do you know me?"She responded, "Why, yes, I do know you Mr. Williams. I've known you since you were a young boy. And frankly, you've been a big disappointment to me. You lie, you cheat on your wife, you manipulate people and talk about them behind their backs. You think you're a rising big shot when you haven't the brains to realize you neverwill amount to anything more than a two-bit paper pusher. Yes, I know you."The lawyer was stunned. Not knowing what else to do he pointed across the room and asked, "Mrs. Williams, do you know the defense attorney?"She again replied, "Why, yes I do. I've known Mr. Bradley since he was a youngster, too. I used to baby-sit him for his parents. And he, too, has been a real disappointment to me. He's lazy, bigoted, he has a drinking problem. The man can't build a normal relationship with anyone and his law practice is one of the shoddiest in the entire state. Yes, I know him."At this point, the judge rapped the courtroom to silence and called both counselors to the bench. In a very quiet voice, he said with menace, "If either of you asks her if she knows me, you'll be in jail for contempt within 5 minutes!"。

单元文化背景知识：Charles ChaplinHollywood Renegade & Founding Member of The Society of Independent Motion Picture Producer. As writer, director and principle actor, Charlie Chaplin demonstrated an unparalleled degree of cinematic control that allowed him to infuse his movies with inventive dramatic structure and inimitable comedic signature. Chaplin is without equal among other writer-director-actors in terms of longevity and success. As one of the movies' most richly talented filmmakers and creator of one of film's most indelible images, Chaplin is perhaps the most biographied figure in Hollywood history. Praise for his comic genius, however, obscures his cunning as film producer—the role which enabled him to sustain his versatile talents and cement the cultural endurance of his on-screen Tramp persona. Chaplin's influence as comedic force and cultural icon have overshadowed one of his most triumphant roles as independent filmmaker. As counterpoint to the whimsy of the Little Tramp, Chaplin served as his own financer and studio owner in charge of not only his filmmaking, but marketing and distribution. The unlikely combination of business skill and creative vision, in many ways, made Chaplin the forbearer of the creative Hollywood producer. Chaplin identifies both sides of his personality as a product of his childhood. "When I was a little boy, the last thing I dreamed of was being a comedian," he said of his predilection for finances, "The only thing I really dreamed about was being rich. We were so poor that wealth seemed to me the summit." Of his acting talent, he concluded later in his life, "I have never studied acting, but as a boy I was fortunate in living in an era of great actors, and I acquired an extension of their knowledge and experience." Chaplin's acting ability, far more expansive than the slapstick that made him a household name, was venerated by the illustrious John Barrymore in a well-known, albeit undocumented, Hollywood anecdote. When a movie director praised Barrymore as the world's greatest actor, Barrymore who died shortly thereafter in 1942 deflected the honor: "There are only two great actors—Charles Chaplin and Orson Welles."1/ 1。

卓别林的一段情史1932年，卓别林42岁。

前几年，他走背运。

有声电影的问世仿佛为默片丑角夏尔洛敲了丧钟。

母亲谢世，使他精神颓丧。

第二任太太丽泰〃格雷闹离婚，不依不饶，把个离婚案搞得沸沸扬扬。

《城市之光》停停拍拍，折腾了三年，为了放映权，又跟联美公司发生了纠纷……在重重压力下，卓别林仿佛忽然变老了20岁，满头青丝中爬出了缕缕白发。

1931年，他横渡大西洋，开始欧亚之旅。

为推销《城市之光》，也为散心。

漫游11个月后，卓别林返回好莱坞，他闭门谢客，记述旅途见闻，又在构思《摩登时代》。

1932年初夏，老友约瑟夫〃辛克邀卓别林到游艇上共度周末。

辛克把一位少妇介绍给卓别林。

她叫宝莲〃高黛，原名玛维〃莱维，21岁，出生于纽约的布鲁克林，家境贫寒，童年不幸，14岁进入齐格菲歌舞团，16岁嫁给阔绰的花花公子，数月后离异，继而步人影坛。

这段身世引出卓别林的好感。

两人越谈越投缘……从此，忙碌一周后，有情人便相约在圣佩德罗幽会。

在洛杉矶的这个港湾，可以时常见到他俩漫步的身影。

她眺望远处的船只，往往凝视出神，他就为她买了一条小船。

泛舟海上，倾心交谈，诗意盎然！相识数月后，他俩在机场吻别的情景登在报刊上，成了首版新闻。

说他们出双人对，俨然夫妻。

说他们已经订婚。

两人都出面辟谣，因为卓别林和前妻的纠葛远未了结。

但是，宝莲向探听名人行踪的记者泄露了一条新信息：她将主演卓别林的下一部影片。

卓别林做出了艺术生涯中一次重大决定：拍最后一部无声片——《摩登时代》。

传说多亏这位热情的女伴壮胆，他才敢孤注一掷。

卓别林终日考虑他的电影，无暇旁顾。

宝莲常常抽空照看他的家。

她温柔可亲，卓别林的两个孩子也喜欢她。

他们的生活和谐而忙碌。

从着手编剧到完成影片。

两人付出了近三年的心血。

1936年2月5日，《摩登时代》在纽约利沃里剧院首映。

影片在德国和意大利遭禁，在伦敦、巴黎和莫斯科获得巨大的成功。

首映后的第五天，卓别林和宝莲〃高黛飞赴檀香山，随后，又到了梦幻之地—一远东游览，圆了宝莲的梦：发现东方。

Laughter - Still the Best MedicineScientists have found that laughter is a form of internal jogging that exercises the body and stimulates the release of beneficial brain neurotransmitters and hormones. Positive outlook and laughter is actually good for our health!Adults laugh approximately 15 times per day, while children laugh about 400 times a day! When we grew up, somehow we lost a few hundred laughs a day. By learning to smile and laugh again, more easily and often, we could have a profound and positive effect on our health and well being.The new science of psychoneuroimmunology is the study of how our state of mind affects our health. More than ever, scientific evidence suggests that laughter really is one of the best medicines.Laughter Studies!At California's Loma Linda University Medical Center, Lee Berk, assistant research professor, and Stanley Tan, Endocrinologist, and their colleagues, are in the lead in understanding the physiology of merriment. We now know that there are two types of stress: good stress and bad stress. Laughter is a form of good stress, or stress in reverse.Research on stress has shown that bad stress suppresses your immune system. Drs. Tan and Berk wanted to find out if a form of good stress, or laughter, would improve the immune system.They studied groups of average adults and found that both arms of the immune system got a boost out of laughter. Subjects faced a solid hour of induced merriment from videos of comedians, while a control group sat quietly out of earshot. These doctors took blood samples at 10 minute intervals before, during and after the laughter workout.They found that humor and exercise trigger similar physiological processes. Like conditioned athletes, the laughter group showed increases in the good hormones --such as endorphins and neurotransmitters -- and decreased levels of the stress hormones -- cortisol and adrenaline. Laughter is one of the body's safety valves, acounter balance to tension. When we release that tension, the elevated levels of the body's stress hormones drop back to normal, thereby allowing our immune systems to work more effectively.Cells which produce anti-bodies increase in number, T-cells which combat viruses are activated and ready for battle. Our natural killer cells increase in number and activity. All this occurs as a direct result of laughter!Dr. Tan states it all quite eloquently: "All these neuro-hormones act like an orchestra, each instrument makes a particular note. Laughter makes the entire orchestra more melodious or balanced. In other words, laughter brings a balance to all the components of the immune system."In some clinics, scattered here and there throughout the world, laughter is beginning to take the place of anti-depressant drugs and reduces the need for pain killers.On an interesting note: Faking laughter will also cause the body to respond as though the laughter is real. The physiological changes we discussed that occur with real laughter will also take effect even when we just pretend to laugh.Psychiatrist Robert Holden, who runs laughter clinics for England's National Health Service, says, "Smiling and laughing produce happy chemicals called endorphins which work in the brain to give an overall feeling of well-being."Being unhappy or very sad can seriously damage your health. So don't worry, be happy!There is truth in the old saying: He who laughs sts!。