2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案(11页word版)

2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit 4EarthquakePeriod1Reading教案设计(A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP)IntroductionIn this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to share their views about earthquake. Then they will be helped to read a narration （记叙文）entitled A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP. It’s about Tangshan Earthquake which happened in 1976.Summary of the text and analysis of the text organization is offered for teachers’ reference. Computer and overhead projector may be used to aid the teaching and learning.Objectives■To help students learn to read about past experiences■To help students better understand “earthquake”■To help students use some important words and expressions■To help students identify examples of the attributive clause in the textFocusAidsMultimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagramsProcedure1. Warming up⑴Warming up by looking and sayingGood morning class. Have you ever experienced any natural disasters? Look at the pictures. Can you name all the disasters?volcano fire sandstormtyphoon hailstone thunderstormflood hurricane earthquake Have you ever experienced an earthquake? Can you describe how terrible an earthquake is?(The earth is shaking; all the buildings will fall down; many people will die; many children will become orphans.)⑵Warming up by discussingHello, class. As we all know, earthquakes are disasters to everyone. But can we avoid or at least reduce the loss caused by earthquakes? Can we foretell earthquakes? Now let’s think and decide what may happen before a big earthquake.(3) Warming up by talking about Tangshan / California Earthquake Today we shall start Unit 4 Earthquake. But first I’d like you to learn about the two famous earthquakes: The Tangshan Earthquake and The California Earthquake.2. Pre-reading by talking and sharingBefore an earthquake comes various signs could be seen. What are they?＊Cows, pigs and dogs become too nervous too eat. ]＊The mice will run out of the fields looking for places to hide.＊The water in the wells will rise and fall.＊Walls of the wells in village will have deep cracks.＊There will be bright light in the sky.3. Listening and fast readingNow let’s come to the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP” and see what it tells us.Please listen to the text and get the general idea of the passage. You should pay attention to the first sentences of each paragraph. In what order is the text written? (The text is written in a time order. The text tells us something that happened before the earthquake, during the earthquake and after the earthquake.)4. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them in your notebook after class as homework.5. Reading for the organization of the text and retell the textRead the text for the outline of it and retell the story in your own wordswith the help of the outline.Type of writing and summary of the text6. Making a text structure analysisRead the text “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP”, and then complete the following chart.un7. Discussing the writing styleAs you have understood the general idea of the text, I still put more questions to you.●From whose point of view are events described? How do you know?(A writer who didn’t see the quake uses the third person “they” when he writes.)●Why do you think the writer chose to express her feelings about the quake rather than simply report what happened? (Although the writerwas not there he felt sad for the people of Tang Shan. He knows that giving some feelings will make the reading more interesting.)●Why is the title “A NIGHT THE EARTH D I DN’T SLEEP”? (As usual, nightis the time to sleep, and night should be quiet and safe. But that nighteverything changed. The writer used it as a title to show how terrible and how unusual that night is.)8. Closing down by reading a prose about an earthquakeTo end this period I am going to give you the following article to read.。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案一单元基础词汇语法回顾Ⅰ.单词拼写1．__________________(祝贺) to you on your winning the contest.答案：Congratulations2．Thousands of people died in the ________________(灾)难．答案：disaster3．His sudden death was a great ____________(震惊) to his family.答案：shock4．He was one of the ________(裁判员) at the boxing match.答案：judges5．The car was ________(陷入) in the mud and couldan't get out.答案：trapped6．The firemen r________ three women from the burning house.答案：rescued7．They are in desperate need of food, chothing and s ______________.答案：shelter8．Don't leave the lights on-it wastes e________.答案：electricity9．The miners were b____________ alive when the tunnel collapsed.答案：buried10．He was too nevous to e ________ himself in front of the girl.答案：expressⅡ.完成句子1．—We need an immediate reply.—I see. I'll send the paper to you ______________(立刻)．答案：right away/immediately2．I have been deeply impressed by ______________(一些经历) in her life.答案：a number of experiences3．The life of any hit product will ________________(结束) someday.答案：come to an end4．The whole city lay ______________(破败不堪) after the earthquake.答案：in ruins5．Many women ________________(陷入了) loveless marriages nowadays.答案：are trapped in6．For hundreds of years the statue has remained ________(埋于) an underground cave.答案：buried inⅢ.句型转换1．The old man was lying on the ground as if he was hurt badly.→The old man was lying on the ground as if __________________.答案：hurt badly2．You must be very careful when you do your homework.→You ________ ________ ________ ________when you do your homework.答案：can't be too careful3．It's impossible for all the people to get jobs because all of them are not fit for them.→It's impossible for all the people to get jobs because ________ ________ ________ ________are fit for them.答案：not all of themⅠ.单项填空1．Having heard the unfair conditions，the angry man________from the chair，________his voice.A．raised；raising B．rose；raisingC．raised；rising D．rose；rising解析句意：听到不公平的条件，那人很生气，大声喊着从椅子上站起来。

Unit 4 EarthquakesⅠ.单句语法填空1．I ________ (trap) in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.答案：was trapped be trapped in “被困在……”。

2．After she heard the news, there was an excited ________ (express) on her face.答案：expression 由空前的“an excited”可知，应填名词expression “表情”。

3．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ________ (destroy)．答案：were destroyed 动词destroy “毁灭；毁掉”，此处表被动，且指过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态。

4．The meeting came to ________ end and he set down many key points.答案：an come to an end “结束”。

5．Don't forget to praise them ________ (sincere) when someone does something good.答案：sincerely 副词sincerely “真诚地”，在此处修饰动词praise。

6．He was replaced by another midfielder because of his ________ (injure)．答案：injury 由空前的his可知，应填名词injury “受伤；伤害”。

7．Thank you for your letter conveying ________ (congratulate) on my appointment.答案：congratulations 由空前的现在分词conveying可知，应填名词。

Unit 4Earthquakes佳作诵读假如你是位华侨，叫Jack,35年后再次来到唐山，发现它在地震后变化很大(见内容提示)，你给朋友Mary发电子邮件，告诉她这里的变化。

【写作内容】1．地震后，在废墟上建起了很多的新高楼。

2．市区新建有立交桥(overpass)，交通很方便。

3．有些富裕的家庭开上了私家车。

4．城市还有中外各种风味小吃。

5．通讯发达，上网和发邮件比以前更方便。

【写作要求】1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给内容；2．文章开头和结尾已经给出，不计入5个句子中。

Dear Mary，Tangshan has changed a lot in the past 35 years.___________________________________________Thanks to the people in this city, a whole new world has been created!Yours，JackDear Mary，Tangshan has changed a lot in the past 35 years. First, more high buildings have appeared on ruins of the earthquake, which are modern and beautiful. Many overpasses have been set up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel. Besides, many families have got cars of their own. To my delight, I can taste delicious food of different countries such asthe food of America, Japan and South Korea. And now it is easier for me to keep in touch with you than before, for I can send e-mails to you in my office.Thanks to the people in this city, a whole new world has been created!Yours，Jack清点单词1. vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2. n. 事件；大事3. n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 使破产；毁灭4. n. 苦难；痛苦5. vt. 损害，伤害6. vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭7. v. (使)震惊；震动n. 休克；打击________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________bursteventruinsufferingInjuredestroyshock8. n. & vt. 援救；营救9. vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境10. n. 电；电流；电学11. n. 灾祸；灾难12. vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏13. n. 避身处；掩蔽(处)14. n. 记者____________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________ ________________________________________rescuetrapelectricitydisasterburyshelterreporter15. vt. & n. 损失；损害16. vt. 使惊吓；吓唬17. n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词18. n. 裁判员，法官vt. 断定；判断19. vt. 表达；表示n. 快车；速递20. n. 要点；大纲；轮廓____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ________________________________________damagefrightencongratulationjudgeexpressoutline扫描短语1. 立刻；马上2. 仿佛；好像3. 结束；终结4. 成为废墟，严重受损；破败不堪5. 掘出；发现6. 大量的7. 埋头于；专心于____________________ ____________________ __________________________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________right awayas ifat an endin ruinsdig outa (great) number ofbe buried in____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________8. 倒下9. 代替10. 被困于11. 吹走fall downinstead ofbe trapped inblow away1.But the one million people of the city, ________ thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.2.It was felt in Beijing, ________ is more than two hundred kilometers away.whowhich3.The army organized teams to dig out those ________ were trapped and to bury the dead.4.Workers built shelters for survivors ________ homes had been destroyed.whowhose1. burst (burst, burst) vi. (使)爆裂，(使)破裂，(使)爆炸The crowd burst into cheers.人群中爆发出一片欢呼声。

2019届一轮复习人教版必修1Unit4Earthquakes单元学案一单元基础训练一、单元单词短语回顾earthquake [ˈə:θkweik]n.地震quake [kwek]n.地震(非正式用语)right away [əˈwei]立刻；马上well [wel] n.井△crack [kræk] n.裂缝；噼啪声vt. & vi.（使）开裂；破裂△smelly [ˈsmeli]adj.发臭的；有臭味的△farmyard [ˈfɑ:mjɑ:d]n.农场；农家pipe [paip] n.管；导管burst [bə:st]vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发million [ˈmiljən]n.百万event [iˈvent] n.事件；大事as if 仿佛；好像at an end 结束；终结nation [ˈneiʃən]n.民族；国家；国民canal [kəˈnæl]n.运河；水道steam [sti:m] n.蒸汽；水汽dirt [də:t]n.污垢；泥土ruin [ˈru(:)in]n.废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产in ruins严重受损；破败不堪suffering [ˈsʌfəriŋ] n.苦难；痛苦extreme [ikˈstri:m] adj.极度的injure[ˈindʒə] vt.损害；伤害△survivor [səˈvaivə] n.幸存者；生还者；残存物destroy [diˈstrɔi]vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭brick [brik]n.砖；砖块dam [dæm]n.水坝；堰堤track[træk]n.轨道；足迹；痕迹useless [ˈju:sləs]adj.无用的；无效的；无益的shock [ʃɔk]vt. & vi.（使）震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊rescu e [ˈreskju:]n. & vt.援救；营救trap [træp]vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境electricity [iˌlekˈtrisiti]n.电；电流；电学disaster [diˈzɑ:stə]n.灾难；灾祸dig out掘出；发现bury [ˈberi]vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏mine [main] n.矿；矿山；矿井miner n.矿工shelter [ˈʃeltə]n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处a (great) number of许多；大量的title [ˈtaitl]n.标题；头衔；资格reporter [riˈpɔ:tə]n.记者bar [bɑ:] n.条；棒；条状物damage [ˈdæmidʒ]n. & vt.损失；损害frighten [ˈfraitn]vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened ['fraitnd]adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening ['fraitniŋ]adj.令人恐惧的congratulation [kənˌgrætjuˈleiʃən]n.祝贺；（复数）贺词judge[dʒʌdʒ]n.裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决sincerely [sinˈsiəli]adv.真诚地；真挚地express [ikˈspres]vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递outline [ˈautlain]n.要点;大纲；轮廓headline [ˈhedlain]n.报刊的大字标题cyclist ['saiklist]n.骑自行车的人二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子1．从地上的脚印的新鲜度来判断，她肯定没有走远。

中学英语（人教版）必修一第四单元教案Unit 4 Earthquake一．教学内容分析本单元话题为"地震"，主要描写了1976年唐山大地震，各项语言活动也都是围绕地震绽开。

本单元共分八个部分。

Warming-up 部分通过两张图片引出话题"一旦地震发生，将会造成怎样的危害"，为后面的主题作了一个热身运动。

Pre-reading 部分设置了两个开放性问题，目的是增加学生的生活常识，提高他们的应变实力。

这部分为接下来的阅读作了很好的铺垫，学生可通过套乱，参阅有关地震的书籍并运用一些生活常识来回答这两个问题。

Reading 部分具体描写了1976年唐山大地震的震前、震中和震后。

作者具体描述了地震来临前的一些不正常的自然现象与动物的反常表现；地震的来势汹汹并在顷刻间将整座城市夷为平地；震后人们英勇面对现实并与时实施抢救和重建工作。

Comprehending 部分包括三组练习，主要目的是为了帮助学生更好地理解Reading部分的文章。

Learning about Language 部分分为两个部分：Discovering useful words and expressions 和Discovering useful structures.第一部分要求学生在把握文章的基础上，驾驭重点词汇的词义与时用，这更留意培育学生运用上下文揣测词义的实力。

其次还对一些困难的数字读法进行了检测。

其次部分则结合文章学习定语从句。

Using Language 部分分为Reading，Writing and Speaking；Listening 和Writing。

Reading，Speaking 包括读一篇邀请函，写一份演讲稿和关于一套新唐山邮票的Little talk。

Listening 部分讲解并描述了一位地震生还者的故事，并依据听力材料进行正误推断和回答问题，旨在培育学生获得细微环节的实力，并通过听来仿照标准的语音和语调。

Unit 4Earthquakes(对应学生用书第19页)[单词拼写应用]Ⅰ.考纲单词——会拼写、要识记1．burst v i.爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2．event n. 事件；大事3．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭v t. 毁灭；使破产4．destroy v t. 毁坏；破坏；消灭5．trap v t. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境6．bury v t. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏7．damage n．& v t. 损失；损害8．earthquake n. 地震9．canal n. 运河；水道10．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹11．electricity n. 电；电流；电学12．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸13．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处14．reporter n. 记者15．sincerely ad v. 真诚地；真挚地16．headline n. 报刊的大字标题Ⅱ.派生单词——能辨别1．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的2．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的；肮脏的3．suffer v t.&v i.遭受；忍受→suffering n．苦难；痛苦→sufferer n．患者；受害者4．extreme adj.极度的→extremely ad v.非常；极其；极端地5．injure v t.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的6．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的7．shock n．休克；震惊；打击v t.& v i.( 使)震惊；震动→shocked adj.震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的8．rescue n．&v t.援救；营救→rescuer n．救援者9．frighten v t.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的10．congratulate v．祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词11．judge n．裁判员；法官v t.断定；判断；判决→judgment n．判断；裁判；判决书12．express v t.表示；表达n．快车；速递→expression n．表达；表情；措辞Ⅲ.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulation encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)3．In the crash he was seriously injured．He suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.(injure) 4．He expressed his thanks to us，with a thankful expression on his face.(express)[拓展联想][短语多维应用]Ⅰ.短语回顾——会默写1．right_away立刻；马上2．think_little/nothing_of 以为……没什么了不起3．at_an_end 结束；终结4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5．dig_out 掘出；发现6．a(great)_number_of 许多；大量的7．be_proud_of 为……自豪8．judging_from 从……判断9．be_trapped_in 陷入10．be_buried_in 埋头于Ⅱ.语境应用(选用上述短语的适当形式填空)1．If you are at home and you smell gas, open the windows and get out of the building right_away．2．Judging_from what you say in your letter, you don't get along well with your classmates.3．It's reported that a_great_number_of people were rescued from the ruins.4．The earthquake happened and the whole town was in_ruins in less than twenty minutes.5．I must warn you that my patience is almost at_an_end．6．I was_trapped_in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.[拓展联想][句式结构仿写]【导学号：65670019】It_seemed_as_if everything in my childhood had justhappened.3.everywhere引导让步状语从句Everywhere they looked nearlyeverything was destroyed.3.无论他走到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。

必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes学案一、刷黑板——词汇全听写(先过识记默写关)Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写] 1．earthquake n．地震2．quake n. 震动；地震3．well n. 井4．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声v t.&v i.(使)开裂；破裂5．smelly adj.发臭的；有臭味的6．farmyard n. 农场；农家[第二屏听写]7．pipe n．管；导管8．million n. 百万9．canal n. 运河；水道10．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽11．dirt n. 污垢；泥土12．extreme adj.极度的13．survivor n. 幸存者；生还者；残存物14．brick n. 砖；砖块15．dam n. 水坝；堰堤[第三屏听写]16．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹17．mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井18．miner n. 矿工19．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处20．reporter n. 记者21．bar n. 条；棒；条状物22．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓23．headline n. 报刊的大字标题24．cyclist n. 骑自行车的人[第四屏听写]Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)1．burst v i.爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2．event n. 事件；大事3．nation n. 民族；国家；国民4．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭v t.毁灭；使破产5.suffering n．苦难；痛苦6．injure v t.损害；伤害[第五屏听写]7．destroy v t.破坏；毁坏；消灭8．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的9．shock v t.&v i.(使)震惊；震动n. 休克；打击；震惊10．rescue n．&v t.援救；营救11．trap v t.使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境12．electricity n. 电；电流；电学13．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸[第六屏听写]14．bury v t.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏15．title n. 标题；头衔；资格16．damage n．&v t.损失；损害17．frighten v t.使惊吓；吓唬18．frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的19．frightening adj.令人恐惧的20．congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词21．judge n. 裁判员；法官v t.断定；判断；判决[第七屏听写] 22．sincerely ad v.真诚地；真挚地23．express v t.表示；表达n. 快车；速递24．right_away 立刻；马上25．as_if 仿佛；好像26．at_an_end 结束；终结27．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪28．dig_out 掘出；发现29．a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的二、刷清单——热身自盘点(再过基本应用关) (一)核心单词一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．burst vi.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发n.突然破裂；爆发[教材原句] In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst . 在市内，一些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。

Unit 4 Earthquakes单元复习学案（人教版必修1）教材面面观单词拓展1.________n．地震2．________n．事件；大事3．________n．民族；国家________adj.________n．国籍4．________n．污垢；灰尘________adj.5．________n．苦难；痛苦________vt. & vi.遭受；受苦6．________n．&vt. & vi.休克；打击；(使)震惊________adj.震惊的________adj.令人震惊的7．________n. & vt.援救；营救8．________n．电；电流；电学________adj.电的；用电的________adj.发电的9．________n．祝贺；(复数)贺词________vt.祝贺10．________n．骑自行车的人________vt.骑自行车11．________vt.(使)惊吓,吓唬________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的________adj.令人恐惧的12．________vt.表示；表达________n.13．________adj.极度的________adv.14．________adj.无用的；无效的________opp.15．________adv.真诚地；真挚地________adj.短语回顾1.________away 立刻,马上2．________an end 结束；终结3．dig________ 掘出；发现4．Think ________of 考虑的少,满不在乎5．________hope 失去希望6．________if 仿佛；好像7．in________ 严重受损；破败不堪8．________(great)number of 许多,大量的9．Tens ________thousands of 数以万计的10．Be ________of 以……而自豪句型背诵1.What________ ________ ________ will happen before an earthquake?你认为地震前会发生什么事？2．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ shook Tangshan.接着,在下午晚些时候,又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山.3．________ ________ ________ ________the world was at an end!似乎是世界末日到了！4．________hope was ________lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了.5．Workers built shelters for survivors ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所.自我诊断单词拓展1．earthquake 2.event 3.nation,national,nationality4．dirt,dirty 5.suffering,suffer 6.shock,shocked,shocking7．rescue 8.electricity,electric,electrical 9.congratulation,congratulate10.cyclist,cycle11.frighten,frightened,frightening 12.express,expression 13.extreme,extremely14．useless,useful 15.sincerely,sincere短语回顾1．right 2.at 3.out 4.little 5.lose 6.as 7.ruins 8.a9．of 10.proud句型背诵1．do you think 2.as strong as the first one 3.It seemed as if 4.All；not 5.whose homes had been destroyed考点串串讲重点单词1.bury vt.埋葬,掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸,使专心；插入,刺入●用法拓展bury sth. in...把……埋到……里bury one's face in hands双手掩面bury (oneself) in埋头于；专心于be buried in朝着于；专心于be buried alive被活埋①The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下.②He had learned to bury his feelings.他学会了掩饰内心的情感.③He walked slowly, his hands a buried in his pockets.他走得很慢,两手插在衣袋里.④Since she left, he has buried himself in work.自从她走后,他全心扑在工作上.⑤She sat there, buri ed in thought.她坐在那儿,陷入了沉思.即境活用单项填空________deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.A．Burying B．BuriedC．To bury D．Having buried答案：B2．everywhere副词,作连词引导地点状语从句,意为“……的所有地方”.Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.凡我所到之处,均发现相同的事情.●用法拓展能引导状语从句的副词和短语还有：immediately/instantly/directly刚刚；立刻；马上every/each time每次the moment/minute/instant一……就……the first/last/next time第一/最后/下一次①Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字.②Every time I hear that song, I feel happy.每次听到那首歌我都感到很愉快.③Next time you are here, let's have lunch together.下次你到这里来,咱们一起吃午饭.④The moment I saw him, I recognized him as the famous director.一看见他,我就认出了他是那位有名的导演.即境活用单项填空—Do remember to return the book to our English teacher.—OK. I will give it to him ________ I see him.A．before B．untilC．unless D．the moment答案：D3．ruin n．&vt.(使)破产,毁灭,崩溃,废墟,遗迹The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼.The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.地震毁灭了整个城镇.Gambling was his ruin/the ruin of him.赌博是他堕落的原因.●用法拓展in ruins成为废墟,破败不堪ruin oneself毁掉自己come/fall/go to ruin毁灭,灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产●易混辨析damage,destroy与ruin三者都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思.damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复”.如：The heavy rain damaged many houses.大雨毁坏了许多房子.destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”.如：That town was destroyed in a big fire.那个城镇在一场大火中被毁了.ruin现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄坏了”.如：He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了.即境活用翻译句子(用destroy；ruin和damage)①吸烟毁坏了他的健康.________________________________________________________________________②地震摧毁了整个城市.________________________________________________________________________③那建筑物已成为断壁残垣.________________________________________________________________________答案：①Smoking damaged his health.②The earthquake destroyed the whole city.③The building is in ruins.4．injure vt.伤害,损害He was/got slightly injured in the accident.他在意外事故中受了轻伤.Smoking will injure your health.吸烟会损害你的健康.●易混辨析injure,hurt和woundinjure伤害,特指意外伤害.hurt是受伤的一般用词,既可以指肉体上的伤害,也可以指精神上的伤害.(vi.“感到疼痛”.)wound通常是指武器的伤害,如刀、枪等的伤害,尤其是指战场上的伤害.There were two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤.What really hurt was that he never answered my letter.真正让我伤心的是他从不给我回信.About 50 people were seriously wounded in the attack.在这次攻击中,约有50人受重伤.即境活用单项填空So seriously ________in the accident that she was sent to hospital at once.A．she was wounded B．was she hurtC．she was injured D．did she hurt答案：B5．damage n．损坏,毁坏；(pl.)赔偿金v.损害,毁坏The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for the damage caused by misuse.因使用不当造成的损坏,生产厂家不负任何责任.He was ordered to pay damage totalling ￡30,000.他被责令支付总额为3万英镑的损害赔偿金.The flood did a lot of damage to the crops.洪水毁坏了大量农作物.Several vehicles were damaged in the crash.好几辆汽车在撞车事故中损坏了.●用法拓展do/cause damage to sth.损害,伤害This could cause serious damage to the country's economy.这可能对国家的经济造成了严重破坏.●易混辨析damage, ruin和destroy①damage一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤,使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用.这种操作可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果.也可以是非暴力的长期损害的结果.②ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的.也往往不是一次的打击结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏.③destroy表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁,使之无法复原,也可以表示对物体进行完全的毁坏.The fire badly damaged the town hall.火灾使市政厅遭到严重破坏.He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途.If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house.这棵树向那边倒下了就会把那所房子压坏.即境活用单项填空①Teenagers ________ their health bec ause they play computer games too much.A．have damaged B．are damagingC．damaged D．will damage②He didn't take part in the sports meet yesterday because he had ________ his leg.A．damaged B．hurtC．hit D．struck答案：①B②B6．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词Please give him my congratulations when you see him.请见到他时转达我的祝贺.Congratulations on your marriage.恭贺你喜结良缘.●用法拓展congratulation to sb. on sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”.congratulate vt.可用于短语congratulate sb. on doing sth.意为“因某事向某人祝贺”.congratulate yourself on(为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪.We congratulated him on his birthday.我们向他祝贺生日.The authors are to be congratulated on producing such a clear and authoritative work.向创作出这么一部具有权威性又清晰易懂的作品的作者们祝贺.I congratulated myself on my narrow escape.我庆贺自己死里逃生.You can congratulate yourself on having done an excellent job.你应该为你出色的工作感到自豪.●易混辨析congratulate与celebrate①congratulate意为“祝贺；道贺”,其宾语常常是接受祝贺的人；②celebrate意为“庆祝”,其宾语只能是生日、节日等表示事件的名词,不能是人,名词为celebration,可构成短语in celebration of...意为“为了庆祝……”.I congratulated them all on their results.我为他们取得的成就向他们所有人表示祝贺.All the teachers and students have got everything ready to celebrate the 50th anniversary of our school.全校师生为我校的50年庆典做好了一切准备.The old couple held a party in celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary.这对老夫妻为了庆祝他们金婚纪念而举办了一个晚会.即境活用单项填空—Guess what！I have passed my driving test last week.—________！A．Congratulations B．CelebrationsC．Good luck D．All right答案：A7．event n．事件；大事；(运动会的)项目；一场比赛；一场胜负●用法拓展course of events事件发展的过程at all events不管怎样；无论如何in any event不管怎样；无论如何in the event结果；到头来in the event of/that倘若发生……的情况an athletic event运动竞赛项目●特别提醒event通常指重要、有意思或不寻常的事件.●易混辨析event,matter与affair①event指“大事”.the chief events of the year一年中的大事a historical event历史事件②matter事件；(pl.)事态；matter还可用作不及物动词,意为“有关系,要紧”.It doesn't matter.没关系.the matter麻烦It's a matter of importance.那是一件重要的事情.Unfortunately,there is nothing we can do to improve the matters.很遗憾,我们无力改善目前的状况.③affair(小)事；(pl.)事务,要事；恋事a very small affair极琐碎的小事a private(public)affair私事(公事)a love affair风流韵事the affairs of state国事,政务即境活用用event,affair,matter填空①There's nothing the ________with the TV.②The railway accident was a terrible________.③Britain agreed to support the US in the________of war.答案：①matter②affair③event8．shock vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n．休克；打击；震惊●用法拓展be shocked at...对……感到震惊be shocked to do sth.做某事很震惊be shocked that...对……很震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的①It shocks you when something like that happens.发生这样的事使人感到难以置信.②The news of his death came as a shock to us all.他的死讯传来,大家都感到震惊.③We were all shocked at th e news of his guilty.听到他的罪行,我们深感震惊.④I was shocked to hear that he had resigned.听到他辞职的消息,我深感意外.⑤Neighbors were shocked that such an attack could happen in the area.竟有这样的暴力行为发生在这个地区,邻居们大为惊骇.⑥What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it.她的行为太过分了,我简直无法形容.●特别提醒shock意为“令人震惊的人或事”时为可数名词,其前可以与不定冠词连用.即境活用单项填空①Everybody felt ________ the moment a police officer entered the classroom. You could hear a pin drop.A．damaged B．frightenedC．shocked D．terrifying完成句子②我们在国外时常会遇到文化冲击.We often ________ ________ ________ when we are in a foreign country.答案：①C②suffer culture shock9．honour n．&vt.尊敬,敬意,荣誉,给以荣誉We should honour our parents.我们应该尊敬父母.It is a great honour to be invited.承蒙邀请,十分荣幸.She is an honour to her profession.她是同行的光荣.●用法拓展do sb. an honour; do sb. the honour(of doing sth.)给某人以特权；使某人有特殊的荣幸in honour of sb./sth.; in sb.'s/sth.'s honour出于对某人/某事物的敬意honour sb./sth. (with sth.)向某人/某事物致敬；表扬某人；给某人以荣誉be honoured for因……受到尊敬for the honour of为了……的荣誉即境活用翻译句子①我得到您的信任,感到十分荣幸.________________________________________________________________________②两位消防员因为勇气而受到尊敬.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①I feel highly honoured by your trust.②Two firefighters have been honoured for their courage.10．frighten vt.使害怕；吓唬●用法拓展①be frightened at听/看到……吓了一跳②be frightened away/off被吓跑③frighten sb. into(doing)sth.吓得某人做某事④frighten sb. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事⑤be frightened to do sth.不敢做某事Don't stand so near the edge, you're frightening me!不要站得那么靠边,你要把我吓坏了！The lawyer frightened the old lady into signing the paper.那位律师恐吓着那位老太太在文件上签了字.即境活用完成句子①The ________ ________(受惊吓的男孩)was speechless after he saw the terrible scene.②She ________ ________ ________(看到……吓一跳)the traffic accident.答案：①frightened boy②was frightened at11．judge v．断定；判断；判决；n.裁判员；法官；评判员●用法拓展judge sb./sth. from/by...从……来判断judge between right and wrong判断是非as far as I can judge据我判断,我认为judging by/from从……上看,根据……判断judgement n．判断,审判,意见,判断力in one's judgement依某人看来,按某人的看法①Judging from (by) his accent, he must be a southerner.根据他的口音判断,他一定是一个南方人.②He was judged to be the best actor of this year.他被判定今年年度最佳男演员.●特别提示judging from/by表示“从……上看,根据……来判断”,用在句首时,为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态影响,只用现在分词作状语,而不采用过去分词的形式.即境活用单项填空________ from his accent, he is possibly from Korea.A．Judging B．To judgeC．Judged D．Being judged答案：A重点短语1.a (large) number of许多的,大量的●用法拓展a large/great number of许多的,大量的,相当于large/great number of,后面跟可数名词复数形式.number之前可加某些表示数量大小的形容词.a number of加复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.a small number of少量的an equal number of相同数量的in number在数量上number...among/with/as...把……看做……①A great number of students find it hard to find an acceptable job after graduation.许多学生发现毕业以后找一份合适的工作不容易.②He has collected large numbers of photos of different kinds of birds.他已经收集了大量的不同鸟类的照片.●用法拓展表示“数量”的词语还有：a lot of/lots of许多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a great/big deal of许多；很多(修饰不可数名词)an amount of/amounts of大量的(修饰不可数名词)a quantity of/quantities of很多；大量(修饰可数或不可数名词)a little一些(修饰不可数名词)a bit of一些(修饰不可数名词)a great many很多(修饰可数名词)many a许多(修饰单数可数名词)①They spent a great deal of money on this project.他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱.②We have had an enormous amount of help from people.我们得到了人们的大力帮助.③It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity/in large quantities.大批量购货较便宜.④A good many students in our class are fond of pop mu sic.我们班里很多学生喜欢流行音乐.●易混辨析a number of与the number of(1)a number of意为“若干；许多”；number前可用good, great, large, small等词修饰,其后必须接名词复数.用作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式.(2)the number of意为“……的数量”,其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词.用作主语时,谓语一般要用单数形式.①A small number of people have applied for the j ob.只有少数人申请这份工作.②The number of the students is increasing very fast.学生数量正在迅速增长.即境活用单项填空The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ not seen at the meeting.A．was; were B．was; wasC．were; was D．were; were答案：A2．one third三分之一●用法拓展分数的表达：分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母用序数词的复数形式.分数或分数修饰名词作主语时谓语动词的数根据其含义或其后的名词而定.①Two thirds of the students in our class are boys.我们班三分之二的学生是男生.②Five sixths of the land in this area is polluted by this factory.这个地区六分之五的土地被这家工厂污染了.●用法拓展(1)百分数的表达：percent与具体的数词连用,percentage可与large, small, high, increasing等词连用.(2)年龄的表达：表示“在某人……岁时”用in one's＋整十的复数形式.(3)年份的表达：表示“在……年代”用in the＋年份(后加's或s).(4)倍数的表达：①A＋谓语＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B②A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B③A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B④A＋谓语＋倍数＋that＋of＋B⑤A＋谓语＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句①Eighty percent of the students have gone to university this year.今年百分之八十的学生考上了大学.②An increasing percentage of the population own their own homes.自己有房子的人占的比例越来越大了.③He set up the company in his thirties.三十几岁时,他成立了这家公司.④This happene d in the 1920s.这件事发生在20世纪20年代.⑤He earns three times more than her.He earns three times as much as her.He earns three times the money that she does.The money he earns is three times that of hers.He earns three times what she does.他的收入是她的三倍.即境活用单项填空①With too many trees cut down, ________ of the farmland in that district ________ become desert in the past 50 years.A．two seventh; hasB．two seventh; haveC．two sevenths; hasD．two sevenths; have②When he moved to Germany in ________, he was already in ________.A．the fifties; his sixty B．fifties; his sixtiesC．the fifties; his sixties D．fifty; sixty③Much to his surprise, he invited only twenty friends to the dinner, but ________ came.A．twice as many asB．as many as twiceC．twice as manyD．twice more than答案：①C②C③C3．at an end结束,终止Our hunt for a cheaper but larger house is at last at an end.我们想寻找一幢便宜些但要大些的房子的事终于有了结果.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.我必须警告你,我已忍无可忍了.The war was at an end.战争结束了.●用法拓展end in以……为结果at the end of到……的尽头by the end of到……末come to the end结束,告终make both ends meet使收支相抵,量入为出put an end to sth.结束某事,终止某事；消灭某事stand on end竖立,直立即境活用翻译句子①我的假期结束了,明天我得回去工作了.________________________________________________________________________②他们失了业,还要养活两个小孩,无法维持起码的生活.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow.②Being out of work and having two young children,they found it impossible to make ends meet.4．right away毫不迟疑,立刻He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away.他病了,你应该立即请大夫来.The storm will blow over right away.暴风雨很快就会平息.If war breaks out, we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发,我们将立即被征召服役.●用法拓展“立刻,马上”表达一览：at once on no time right now without delay immediately●易混辨析right away与right nowright away意为“毫不迟疑,立刻”,而right now意为“现在”.即境活用完成句子①It's an important thing, do it ________！②________ it's summer vacation and I'm helping my dad on the farm.③________ he is doing an operation on the patient, please don't dis turb him.答案：①right away②Right now③Right now5．give out分发,发出(气味、热等),发表,用尽,精疲力竭He has refused to give out any information on the matter.他已拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息.After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月,他们的食物已消耗殆尽.The fire can be compared with the sun, and both all give out light and warm up.火可以与太阳相比,两者都发光和热.●用法拓展give away泄露,揭发,赠送,分送；颁发give in屈服give off放出；散发出give up放弃 give back归还give for牺牲；交换即境活用翻译句子①请帮我分发这些试卷.________________________________________________________________________②我决不屈服.________________________________________________________________________③他终于戒烟了.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①Please help me give out these test papers.②Never will I give in.③Finally he gave up smoking.6．too...to...太……以至于不能……He's far too young to go on his own.他太小了不能自己去.It's too cold to go in the sea yet.天太冷还不能下海.It's too long a journey to make in one day.路程太远,一天之内到不了.●用法拓展(1)too后是表心情的形容词,如：happy,pleased,willing,thankful,anxious,eager,easy,kind,good等时,too意为“非常”,不再带有否定意义.如：She is too kind to help others.她非常乐于帮助别人.(2)too...to前有否定词时,too...to表肯定.如：It is never too late to study.活到老,学到老.(3)too＋adj.＋for sb.(to do sth.)表示“太……以至于不能做……”.如：The question is too difficult for me to answer.这问题太难了,我回答不了.即境活用翻译句子①这篇课文对他们来说太难了.________________________________________________________________________②她非常乐意去帮助他.________________________________________________________________________③箱子太重,我提不动.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①This is too difficult a text for them./This text is too difficult for them.②She is too willing to help him.③The box was too heavy for me to carry.7．as if意为“仿佛；好像”He behaves as if he had no common sense.他的言行就好像没有常识似的.He quickly ran home,looking as if there was something wrong with him.他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什么事不对劲.●用法拓展as if＝as though引导的从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气.若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时,be动词一般用were.若表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时.如果从句的内容发生的可能性很大,通常不用虚拟语气.It's my birthday. It seems as if you didn't know!今天是我的生日,你好像不知道似的！If a pen is partly into the water,it looks as if it were broken.如果把钢笔的一部分放在水里,它看上去像断了似的.He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.他吓得直哆嗦,就好像看见了鬼一样.It looks as if it is going to rain.看来要下雨了.●温馨提示as if/as though后面除了可以跟句子外,还可以跟动词不定式、介词短语、过去分词、动词的­ing形式.He raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起了手,好像要摘下帽子.The boy looked around as if in search of something.那孩子环视四周,好像在寻找什么东西.The man was lying on the ground as if hurt.那个人躺在地上,好像受了伤.The girl sat at her desk quietly as if listening to the teacher.那个女孩静静地坐在桌子旁,好像在听老师讲课.即境活用单项填空The boy still remembers the accident exactly as if it ________yesterday.A．was happening B．happensC．has happened D．happened答案：D8．instead of代替●用法拓展①作“代替、取代”讲的有：instead of/instead/in place of.②inst ead of除作“代替”讲之外,还意为“而不,而没有”.这时,不能与in place of 替换,但可与rather than替换.They went there by bus instead of(rather than)on foot.他们乘车去那儿而不是步行.③若要点明“被代替的人或物”,instead之后须加of；若不需要具体点出来“被代替的人或物”,则不加of.If you can't go,he'll go instead(of you)．如果你不能去,他将代替你去.●特别提醒instead用作副词,一般放在句末,否定上文提到的事物,而instead of为介词短语,一般放在句首或句中,否定of后的宾语.We'll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.＝We'll not have tea in the house. Instead,we'll have tea in the garden.我们不在屋子里喝茶,而要在花园里喝茶.即境活用单项填空①________buying them in the shops,she prefers making her own clothes.A．Instead B．Instead ofC．More than D．Rather than②Mr. Li is ill so I will have this English class with you ________him.A．instead B．take the place ofC．instead of D．taking place of答案：①B句意为：她更喜欢自己制作衣服,而不喜欢在商店中购买.由句意排除C项,A 项为副词,其后不接宾语；D项后一般不跟动名词,故选B.②C instead of“代替”,在此符合句意也符合语法结构,若用动词短语则应该用taking the place of形式.重点句式1.It seems as if the world was at an end!世界似乎到了末日！●用法拓展表示“好像”的几种表达：①It seems/looks/appears as if/though...看起来好像……It always seemed as though they would marry in the end.久而久之,看来他们终归得结婚.It seemed as if the end of the world had come.好像世界末日已经来临.It looks like rain./It looks as if it's going to rain.好像要下雨了.②Sb./Sth. looks as if/though/like...(不用seem/appear)That photograph doesn't look like her at all.那张照片看上去一点都不像她.This looks to me like the right door.依我看就是这个门.You look as if you slept badly.看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉.③There seems/appears(to be)．..(不用look)There appears to have been a mistake.＝It appears that there has been a mistake.看起来好像是个错误.④It seems so.＝So it seems.看来似乎是这样.●易混辨析seem,look与appear这三个词都可用作系动词,都可以译作“似乎”或“看上去……”.(1)seem所表示的“似乎”或“看来”是以客观的迹象为依据的.例如：A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby.一位飞行员看到一个气球,好像要飞向附近的英国空军基地.(2)look所表示的“看来”是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的.例如：He looked pale and his clothes were in a frightful state.他看上去脸色苍白,一身衣服弄得一塌糊涂.(3)appear与上两个词的含义似乎没有多大差异,但是如果要表示某种判断是由被歪曲了的印象而得出的,最好用appear.例如：The actress is thirty­five years old,but she appears a lot younger.那个女演员三十五岁了,但是她看上去年轻得多.即境活用翻译句子①他们似乎误解了我.________________________________________________________________________②他们要得奖似乎是毫无疑问的了.________________________________________________________________________③我的妻子戴着一顶看起来好像一座灯塔的帽子.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①They appear to have misunderstood me.②It seemed certain that they would win the prize.③My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse.2．Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会是五位评委听了你的演讲,一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的.●用法拓展judge n．法官；裁判员v．断定；裁决,评定；审判You should never judge a person by their looks.你不能以貌取人.I judged him to be about 50.我看他有50岁.We judge the success of a product by the number of sales it brings in.我们判断一个产品的成功与否是通过它带来的销售额判断的.Judging from what you say in your letter,you don't sound well.从你来信的话语看,你好像不舒服.●用法拓展judge(sb./sth.)by/from sth.根据……判断、断定judge by appearances 从外貌来看judging by/from sth.依据……来判断(常作状语使用)judge between right and wrong判断是非so far as I can judge据我判断,我认为即境活用翻译句子①根据以往的经验来看,他得迟到.________________________________________________________________________②从他的肤色判断他肯定来自南方.________________________________________________________________________ 答案：①Judging from previous experience,he will be late.②Judgi ng by skin,he must come from the south.3．Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.接着,在下午晚些时候,又一次几乎和第一次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山.●用法拓展该句包含了形容词的比较级形式,比较级的一种构成形式是as＋adj./adv.＋as结构.It's as hard as I thought.这和我想象的一样困难.She plays as well as her sister.她演奏得和她姐姐一样好.●用法拓展用来表示比较的结构还有：①“adj./adv.的比较级＋than sb./sth.”,②“not as＋adj./adv.＋as”.He loves me more than you do.他比你更爱我.It was much better than I'd expected.这比我预料得要好得多.She doesn't play football as well as her sister.她踢球不如她姐姐.即境活用单项填空I moved to a small town and changed my job years ago. I don't make________.A．money as much as I used toB．money as much as I was used toC．as much money as I used toD．money as much as I was used to答案：C4．All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了.●用法拓展①全部否定英语中的no,none,never,nobody,nothing,neither,no one,nowhere,no more,no longer,no way等表示否定意义的词(词组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”.②部分否定英语中的all,both,each,every,everybody,everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用,构成部分否定,表示“不都,并非都”的意思.●特别提醒无论not在句中位置如何,与all,both,each,every等词连用时,一律表达部分否定含义.即境活用单项填空①We can't have lunch at the restaurant,because________.A．all of us don't have moneyB．not all of us have moneyC．every one of us doesn't have moneyD．none of us has money②I haven't read ________of his books,but judging from the one I have read,I think he is a very promising writer.A．any B．bothC．either D．none答案：①D句意为：我们不能在餐馆里用餐,因为我们都没有钱.此处应用全部否定句,而因为我们都没有钱.此处应用全部否定句,而A、B、C三项均为部分否定,不合语境.②B句意为：他的两本书我没都看,但从我所读的那本书来判断,我认为他是一位很有前途的作家.根据后半句,排除C项,not both为部分否定,表示“并非两个都……”,符合句意.not any表示三者或三者以上的全部否定；none本身表示全部否定,不与not连用.知能层层练一、单项填空1．________, the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was ________.A．At an end; in an end B．In the end; at an endC．In an end; at the end D．At an end; in the end。