天津市第一中学2020届高三下学期第四次月考化学试题(可编辑PDF版)
- 格式:pdf
- 大小:610.56 KB
- 文档页数:10
天津一中2022-2023-1高三年级第三次月考数学试卷(答案)本试卷总分150分,考试用时120分钟。
考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效。
一、选择题:本题共9小题,每小题5分,共45分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1、已知集合3{Z |Z}1A x x=∈∈-,2{Z |60}B x x x =∈--≤,则A B ⋃=( ) A .{2} B .}{2,0,2- C .{}2,1,0,1,2,3,4-- D .}{3,2,0,2,4--【详解】{A x =∈2Z |x x --{2,1,0,1,2,3,4--.,b ,c 为非零实数,则“A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充分必要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件【分析】根据不等式的基本性质可判定“a >b >c ”能推出“a +b >2c ”,然后利用列举法判定“a +b >2c ”不能推出“a >b >c ”,从而可得结论.【解答】解:∵a >b >c ,∴a >c ,b >c ,则a +b >2c , 即“a >b >c ”能推出“a +b >2c ”,但满足a +b >2c ,取a =4,b =﹣1,c =1,不满足a >b >c , 即“a +b >2c ”不能推出“a >b >c ”,所以“a >b >c ”是“a +b >2c ”的充分不必要条件, 故选:A .3、已知2log 0.8a =,0.12b =,sin 2.1c =,则( )A .a b c <<B .a c b <<C .c a b <<D .b<c<a 【答案】B【详解】因为22log 0.8log 10<=,0.10122>=,0sin 2.11<<, 所以a c b <<, 故选:B 4、函数2sin ()1x xf x x -=+的图象大致为 ( )A .B .C .D .【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据函数的定义域、奇偶性以及2f π⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的值来确定正确选项. 【详解】由题意,函数2sin ()1x xf x x -=+的定义域为R , 且22sin()sin ()()()11x x x xf x f x x x -----===--++,所以函数()f x 奇函数,其图象关于原点对称,所以排除C 、D 项,2120212f πππ-⎛⎫=> ⎪⎝⎭⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭,所以排除B 项. 故选:A5、已知1F 、2F 分别为双曲线2222:1x y E a b-=的左、右焦点,点M 在E 上,1221::2:3:4F F F M F M =,则双曲线E 的渐近线方程为 ( ) A .2y x =± B .12y x =±C.y = D.y =【答案】C【解析】由题意,1F 、2F 分别为双曲线2222:1x y E a b-=的左、右焦点,点M 在E 上,且满足1221:||:2:3:4F F F M F M =,可得122F F c =,23F M c =,14F M c =, 由双曲线的定义可知21243a F M F M c c c =-=-=,即2c a =,又由b ==,所以双曲线的渐近线方程为y =.故选:C .6、设n S 是等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和,若34S =,4566a a a ++=,则96S S = ( )A .32B .1910 C .53D .196【答案】B【解析】设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q ,若1q =,则456133a a a a S ++==,矛盾. 所以,1q ≠,故()()33341345631111a q a q q a a a q S qq--++===--,则332q=, 所以,()()()63113631151112a q a q S q S qq--==+⋅=--, ()()()9311369311191114a q a q S q q S qq--==++=--, 因此,9363192194510S S S S =⋅=.故选:B . 7、直线1y kx =-被椭圆22:15x C y +=截得最长的弦为( ) A .3 B .52C .2D【答案】B【解析】联立直线1y kx =-和椭圆2215xy +=,可得22(15)100k x kx +-=,解得0x =或21015kx k =+,则弦长21015kl k =+,令215(1)k t t +=≥,则10l === 当83t =,即k =,l 取得最大值55242⨯=, 故选:B8、设函数()sin()(0)4f x x πωω=->,若12()()2f x f x -=时,12x x -的最小值为3π,则( )A .函数()f x 的周期为3πB .将函数()f x 的图像向左平移4π个单位,得到的函数为奇函数 C .当(,)63x ππ∈,()f x的值域为D .函数()f x 在区间[,]-ππ上的零点个数共有6个 【答案】D【解析】由题意,得23T π=,所以23T π=,则23T πω==,所以()sin(3)4f x x π=-选项A 不正确; 对于选项B :将函数()f x 的图像向左平移4π个单位,得到的函数是 ()sin[3()]cos344f x x x ππ=+-=为偶函数,所以选项B 错误;对于选项C :当时(,)63x ππ∈,则33444x πππ<-<,所以()f x的值域为,选项C 不正确;对于选项D :令()0,Z 123k f x x k ππ=⇒=+∈,所以当3,2,1,0,1,2k =---时,[,]x ππ∈-,所以函数()f x 在区间[,]-ππ上的零点个数共有6个,D 正确, 故选:D .9、设函数()(),01,,10,1xx mf x x x m x ⎧≤<⎪⎪=⎨-⎪-<<+⎪⎩,()()41g x f x x =--.若函数()g x 在区间()1,1-上有且仅有一个零点,则实数m 的取值范围是( )A .(]11,1,4⎡⎫--⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭B .(]1,1,4⎡⎫-∞-+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭C .{}11,5⎡⎫-⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭D .{}11,15⎛⎫-⋃ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】C 【详解】令()()410g x f x x =--=,则()41f x x =+,当01x ≤<时,41xx m=+,即4x mx m =+,即函数1y x =与24y mx m =+的交点问题,其中24y mx m =+恒过A 1,04⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭.当10x -<<时,()411x x m x -=++,即1114mx m x -+=++,即函数3111x y =-++与24y mx m =+的交点问题 分别画出函数1y ,2y ,3y 在各自区间上的图象: 当2y 与3y 相切时,有且仅有一个零点,此时()411xx m x -=++,化简得:()24510mx m x m +++=,由()2251160m m ∆=+-=得:11m =-,219m =-(舍去)当直线2y 的斜率,大于等于直线1y 的斜率时,有且仅有一个零点,把()1,1B 代入24y mx m =+中,解得:15m =,则15m ³综上,m 的取值范围是{}11,5⎡⎫-⋃+∞⎪⎢⎣⎭故选:C二、填空题:本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分.试题中包含两个空的,答对1个的给3分,全部答对的给5分.10、已知复数z 满足()2i i z -=,则5i z -=___________.【答案】3【解析】因为圆22:20(0)C x ax y a -+=>的标准方程为:()222x a y a -+=,所以圆必坐标为(,0)a ,半径为a ,由题意得:32a a += 解得:3a = ,故答案为:3.12、已知3π3sin 85α⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭,则πcos 24α⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭________. 【答案】725-【解析】2πcos 2cos 22cos 1488ππααα⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+=+=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦232cos 182ππα⎡⎤⎛⎫=-+- ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦223372sin 1218525πα⎛⎫⎛⎫=--=⨯-=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,故答案为:725- 13、直线l 与双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y E a b a b -=>>的一条渐近线平行,l 过抛物线2:4C y x =的焦点,交C 于A ,B 两点,若||5AB =,则E 的离心率为_______.【详解】依题意,点F 的坐标为(1,0),设直线l 的方程为1x my =+,联立方程组214x my y x=+⎧⎨=⎩,消去x 并整理得:2440y my --=,设1(A x ,1)y ,2(B x ,2)y ,则124y y m +=,124y y =-,则2212||()4(1)5AB y y m ++=,解得:12m =±,∴直线l 的方程为220x y +-=或220x y --=;直线的斜率为:2±.直线l 与双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y E a b a b -=>>的一条渐近线平行,可得2b a =,所以22224b a c a ==-,1e >,解得e =故14、已知1a >,1b >,且lg 12lg a b =-,则log 2log 4a b +的最小值为_______. 【答案】9lg2【解析】由已知,令lg 2log 2lg a m a ==,lg 4log 4lg b n b==, 所以lg 2lg a m =,lg 42lg 2lg b n n ==,代入lg 12lg a b =-得:lg 24lg 21m n+=, 因为1a >,1b >,所以lg 24lg 24log 2log 4()1()()5lg 2(lg 2lg 2)a b m nm n m n m n n m+=+⨯=++=++ 2lg 25lg 25lg 24lg 29lg 2n m≥+=+=.当且仅当4lg 2lg 2m n n m=时,即1310a b ==时等号成立. log 2log 4a b +的最小值为9lg2. 故答案为:9lg2.15、在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=,若ABC 所在平面内的一点P 满足0PA PB PC λ++=,当1λ=时,222PA PB PC+的值为 ;当222PA PB PC+取得最小值时,λ的值为 .【答案】5;-1【解析】(1)如图5-26,以C 为坐标原点建立直角坐标系, 因为0PA PB PC λ++=,所以点P 为ABC 的重心,设BC a =,AC b =,所以(),0A b ,()0,B a ,易得,33a b P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,所以222222222411499991199a b a b PA PBPC b a ++++=+5=. (2)设(,)P x y ,则(,),(,),(,)PA b x y PB x a y PC x y =--=--=--, 所以2,2,b x x a y y λλ-=⎧⎨-=⎩可得(2),(2),b x a y λλ=+⎧⎨=+⎩于是222222222||||()()||PA PB x b y x y a x y PC +-+++-=+()222222222x y bx ay a b x y +--++=+ 22222222(2)(2)2(2)2(2)2x y x y x y λλλλ+++-+-+=++()()222222222x y x y λλλλ+++=++ 2222(1)11λλλ=++=++…当1λ=-时取等号,所以222||||||PA PB PC +的最小值为1. 故答案为:5;-1.三、解答题:本大题共5小题,共75分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.16、如图,在平面四边形ABCD 中,对角线AC 平分BAD ∠,ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,cos cos cos 0B a C c A ++=. (1)求B ;(2)若2AB CD ==,ABC 的面积为2,求AD . 【答案】(1)34B π=;(2)4=AD .【分析】(1)利用正弦定理将边化角,再根据两角和的正弦公式及诱导公式即可得到cos B=出B;(2)由三角形面积公式求出a,再利用余弦定理求出AC,即可求出cos CAB∠,依题意cos cosCAB CAD∠=∠,最后利用余弦定理得到方程,解得即可;【详解】(1)cos cos cos0B aC c A++=,cos sin cos cos sin0B B AC A C++=,()cos sin0B B A C++=,cos sin0B B B+=,因为0Bπ<<,所以sin0B>,所以cos B=34Bπ=.(2)因为ABC的面积2S=,所以1sin22==ABCS ac B,2=,所以a=由余弦定理得AC==所以222cos2AB AC BCCABAB AC+-∠==⋅因为AC平分BAD∠,所以cos cosCAB CAD∠=∠,所以2222cosCD AC AD AC AD CAD=+-⋅⋅∠,所以24202AD AD=+-⨯28160AD AD-+=,所以4=AD.17、如图,在五面体ABCDEF中,四边形ABEF为正方形,DF⊥平面ABEF,//CD EF,2DF=,22EF CD==,2EN NC=,2BM MA=.(1)求证://MN平面ACF;(2)求直线AD与平面BCE所成角的正弦值;(3)求平面ACF与平面BCE夹角的正弦值.【答案】(1)见解析;(2;(3)45【详解】(1)证明:在EF上取点P,使2EP PF=,因为2EN NC=,所以//NP FC,于是//NP平面ACF,因为2BM MA=,四边形ABEF为正方形,所以//MP AF,所以//MP平面ACF,因为MP PN P =,所以平面//MNP 平面ACF ,因为MN ⊂平面MNP ,所以//MN 平面ACF ;(2)解:因为DF ⊥平面ABEF ,所以DF FA ⊥,DF EF ⊥, 又因为四边形ABEF 为正方形,所以AF EF ⊥,所以FA 、FE 、FD 两两垂直,建立如图所示的空间直角坐标系, (2AD =-,0,2),(2EB =,0,0),(0EC =,1-,2),设平面BCE 的法向量为(m x =,y ,)x , 2020EB m x EC m y z ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=-+=⎪⎩,令1z =,(0m =,2,1), 所以直线AD 与平面BCE所成角的正弦值为||2||||22AD m AD m ⋅=⋅⋅ (3)解:(2FA =,0,0),(0FC =,1,2), 设平面ACF 的法向量为(n u =,v ,)w ,2020FA n u FC n v w ⎧⋅==⎪⎨⋅=+=⎪⎩,令1w =-,(0n =,2,1)-, 由(1)知平面BCE 的法向量为(0m =,2,1), 设平面ACF 与平面BCE 所成二面角的大小为θ,||33cos ||||55m n m n θ⋅===⋅⋅,4sin 5θ==.所以平面ACF 与平面BCE 所成二面角的正弦值为45. 18、已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=>>的左、右焦点为12,F F ,P 为椭圆上一点,且212PF F F ⊥,12tan PF F ∠=. (1)求椭圆C 的离心率;(2)已知直线l 交椭圆C 于,A B 两点,且线段AB 的中点为11,2Q ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,若椭圆C 上存在点M ,满足234OA OB OM +=,试求椭圆C 的方程.【答案】(1)e =(2)22551164x y +=.【分析】(1)由212tan 2b a PF F c ∠==222a c b -=,建立关于e 的方程,即可得到结果; (2)设()()()112200,,,,,A x y B x yM x y ,由(1)可知224a b =,可设椭圆方程为22244x y b +=,根据234OA OB OM +=,可得120120234234x x x y y y +⎧=⎪⎪⎨+⎪=⎪⎩,设1:(1)2AB y k x =--将其与椭圆方程联立,由韦达定理和点M 满足椭圆方程,可求出2b ,进而求出结果.【详解】(1)解:因为2212tan 22b b a PF F c ac ∠==26b =,即()226a c -=, 则()261e -=,解得e =(2)设()()()112200,,,,,A x y B x y M x y ,由22234c e a ==,得2243a c =,所以222221134b a c c a =-==,所以224a b =设2222:14x y C b b+=,即22244x y b +=由于,A B 在椭圆上,则2221144x y b +=,2222244x y b +=,①由234OA OB OM +=,得120120234234x x x y y y +=⎧⎨+=⎩,即120120234234x x x y y y +⎧=⎪⎪⎨+⎪=⎪⎩ 由M 在椭圆上,则2220044x y b +=,即212222144232344x x y y b ⎛⎫+= ⎪++⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎝⎭⎭, 即()()()222211121222441249464x y x x y y x y b +++++=,②将①代入②得:212124x x y y b +=,③线段AB 的中点为11,2Q ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,设1:(1)2AB y k x =--可知()22211244y k x x y b⎧=--⎪⎨⎪+=⎩ ()()22222148444410k x kk x k k b +-+++-+=212284121142k k x x k k ++==⨯⇒=+, 所以222220x x b -+-=,其中0∆>,解得212b >, 所以21222x x b ⋅=-,AB 方程为112y x =-又()2121212121111111122422b y y x x x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫=--=-++= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,④ 将④代入③得:22221422425b b b b --+⋅=⇒=, 经检验满足212b >, 所以椭圆C 的方程为22551164x y +=. 19、已知等差数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且455=S 455=S ,40342=+a a .数列}{n b 的前n 项和为n T ,满足n n b T 413=+)(*N n ∈.(1)求数列}{n a 、}{n b 的通项公式;(2)若1)23(+⋅-=n n n n n a a a b c ,求数列}{n c 的前n 项和n R ; (3)设n n n b S d =,求证:11248-=+-<∑n n k k n d . 【答案】(1)32+=n a n ,14-=n n b ;(2)51524-+=n R n n ;(2)证明见详解. 【详解】(2);(3)124n n n n n b c b b ++=, 112(3)44n n n n n n b n n c b b +-++∴==, 则12124)2(444--+=++<n n n n n n c ,122-+<n n . 设1122n n k k k S '-=+=∑, 11123422122nn k n k k n S '--=++∴==++⋯+∑ 213422222n n n S +'∴=++⋯+ 12111(1)121112422334122222221()2n n n n n n n n n S ---+++'∴=-+++⋯+=-+=--,1482n n n S -+'∴=- 综上,11248-=+-<∑n n k k n c . 20、已知函数()e cos x f x x =,()cos (0)g x a x x a =+<,曲线()y g x =在π6x =处的切线的斜率为32.(1)求实数a 的值;(2)对任意的π,02x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦,()'()0f x g x -≥恒成立,求实数t 的取值范围; (3)设方程()'()f x g x =在区间()ππ2π,2π32n n n +⎛⎫++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N 内的根从小到大依次为1x 、2x 、…、n x 、…,求证:12n n x x +->π.【答案】(1)1a =-;(2)1t ≥;(2)证明见详解.【分析】(1)由'π362g ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭来求得a 的值. (2)由()'()0f x g x -≥,对x 进行分类讨论,分离常数t 以及构造函数法,结合导数求得t 的取值范围.(3)由()'()f x g x =构造函数()e cos sin 1x x x x ϕ=--,利用导数以及零点存在性定理,结合函数的单调性证得12n n x x +->π.【详解】(1)因为()cos (0)g x a x x a =+<,则()'1sin g x a x =-, 由已知可得'π131622g a ⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭,解得1a =-. (2)由(1)可知()'1sin g x x =+,对任意的π,02x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦,()'()0tf x g x -≥恒成立, 即e cos 1sin x t x x ≥+对任意的π,02x ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦恒成立, 当2x π=-时,则有00≥对任意的R t ∈恒成立; 当π02x -<≤时,cos 0x >,则1sin e cos x x t x+≥, 令1sin ()e cos x x h x x +=,其中π02x -<≤, ()()2'2e cos e (cos sin )(1sin )e cos x x x x x x x h x x --+=2(1cos )(1sin )0e cos x x x x-+=≥且()'h x 不恒为零, 故函数()h x 在π,02⎛⎤- ⎥⎝⎦上单调递增,则max ()(0)1h x h ==,故1t ≥. 综上所述,1t ≥.(3)由()'()f x g x =可得e cos 1sin x x x =+,e cos 1sin 0x x x --=,令()e cos sin 1x x x x ϕ=--,则()'e (cos sin )cos x x x x x ϕ=--, 因为()ππ2π,2π32x n n n +⎛⎫∈++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N ,则sin cos 0x x >>,所以,()'0x ϕ<,所以,函数()ϕx 在()ππ2π,2π32n n n +⎛⎫++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N 上单调递减,因为π2π3ππ2πe cos 2π33n n n ϕ+⎛⎫⎛⎫+=+ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭πsin 2π13n ⎛⎫-+- ⎪⎝⎭π2π31e 12n +=π2π3e 102+≥>,π2π202n ϕ⎛⎫+=-< ⎪⎝⎭, 所以,存在唯一的()ππ2π,2π32n x n n n +⎛⎫∈++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N ,使得()0n x ϕ=, 又1ππ2(1)π,2(1)π32n x n n +⎛⎫∈++++ ⎪⎝⎭()n +∈N ,则()1ππ2π2π,2π32n x n n n ++⎛⎫-∈++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N 且()10n x ϕ+=, 所以,()()12π112πe cos 2πn x n n x x ϕ+-++-=-()1sin 2π1n x +---12π11e cos sin 1n x n n x x +-++=--112π11e cos e cos n n x x n n x x ++-++=-()112π1e e cos 0n n x x n x ++-+=-<()n x ϕ=, 因为函数()ϕx 在()ππ2π,2π32n n n +⎛⎫++∈ ⎪⎝⎭N 上单调递减, 故12n n x x +-π>,即12n n x x +->π.。
天津一中 2020-2021-1 高三年级化学学科 0 月考试卷本试卷分为第 I 卷(选择题)、第II 卷(非选择题)两部分,共100 分,考试用时60 分钟。
第 I 卷 1 至 2 页,第 II 卷 3 至 4 页。
考生务必将答案涂写规定的位置上,答在试卷上的无效。
祝各位考生考试顺利!C:12 N:14 O:16 Na:23 Mg :24 Fe :56第Ⅰ卷选择题(单选)(共 12 道题,每题 3 分,共 36 分)1.化学与生活、生产密切相关。
下列说法正确的是 A.气象报告中的“PM2.5”是指一种胶体粒子 B.石英玻璃主要成分是硅酸盐,可制作化学精密仪器 C.“熬胆矾铁釜,久之亦化为铜”,该过程发生了置换反应 D.“天宫一号”使用的碳纤维,是一种新型有机高分子材料2. 下列说法错误的是A.淀粉和纤维素均可水解产生葡萄糖B.油脂的水解反应可用于生产甘油C.氨基酸是组成蛋白质的基本结构单元 D.淀粉、纤维素和油脂均是天然高分子3.设 N A 为阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是 A.标准状况下,22.4L CCl4 所含分子数为N A B.常温常压下,7.8g Na2O2 晶体中阳离子和阴离子总数为0.3N A C.7.8g 苯中含有的碳碳双键数为0.3N AD.室温下,1L pH=13 的 NaOH 溶液中,由水电离的OH- 数目为 0.1N A4.探究浓硫酸和铜的反应,下列装置或操作正确的是2 2 2 2 A .用装置甲进行铜和浓硫酸的反应B .用装置乙收集二氧化硫并吸收尾气C .用装置丙稀释反应后的混合液D .用装置丁测定余酸的浓度5. 吡啶()是类似于苯的芳香化合物,2-乙烯基吡啶(VPy )是合成治疗矽肺病药物的原料,可由如下路线合成。
下列叙述正确的是A .Mpy 只有两种芳香同分异构体B .Epy 中所有原子共平面C .Vpy 是乙烯的同系物D .反应②的反应类型是消去反应6. 反应 M n O + 4 H Cl(浓) Δ M n Cl + Cl ↑ +2 H O 量之比是 中,氧化产物与还原产物的物质的 A .1∶2B .1∶1C .2∶1D .4∶17.用如下图所示的装置进行实验(夹持仪器略去,必要时可加热),其中 a 、b 、c 中分别盛 有试剂 1、2、3,能达到相应实验目的的是8. 对于下列实验,能正确描述其反应的离子方程式是A.用 Na2SO3 溶液吸收少量Cl2:3SO2-+Cl2+H2O = 2HSO-+2Cl-+SO2-3 3 4B.向 CaCl2 溶液中通入 CO2:Ca2++H2O+CO2=CaCO3↓+2H+C.向 H2O2 溶液中滴加少量FeCl3:2Fe3+ +H2O2=O2↑+2H++2Fe2+D.同浓度同体积NH4HSO4 溶液与 NaOH 溶液混合:NH++OH -=NH3·H2O9. 下列离子在溶液中能共存,加OH- 有沉淀析出,加H+能放出气体的是- 2+ + - -A. Na+、Ca2+、Cl-、HCO3B. Ba 、K 、Cl 、NO3+ 2- -+ 2+ - 2-C. Ba2+、NH4 、CO3、NO3D. Na 、Cu 、Cl 、SO410. 由一种阳离子与两种酸根离子组成的盐称为混盐。
整理编辑公众号:生物考吧2020-2021学年天津一中高三(下)第四次月考生物试卷1.在线粒体中,线粒体DNA能通过转录和翻译控制某些蛋白质的合成。
下列物质或结构中,线粒体不含有的是()A. 信使RNAB. 转运RNAC. 核糖体D. 染色质2.生物大分子之间的相互结合在生物体的生命活动中发挥重要作用。
下列叙述正确的是()A. 蛋白质与DNA结合后都能调控基因表达B. RNA聚合酶与起始密码子结合启动转录的起始C. RNA与蛋白质的结合在细胞生物中普遍存在D. DNA与RNA的结合可发生在HIV中3.如图,图中甲表示酵母丙氨酸tRNA的结构示意图。
乙和丙是甲相应部分的放大图,其中已知Ⅰ表示次黄嘌呤,能够与A、U或C配对。
下列有关叙述正确的是()①图中tRNA的P端是结合氨基酸的部位②丙氨酸的密码子与反密码子是一一对应的③单链tRNA分子内部存在碱基互补配对④转录丙所示序列的双链DNA片段含有3个腺嘌呤A. ①③B. ②③C. ②④D. ③④4.某同学用黑藻叶临时装片观察叶绿体后,进一步探究植物细胞的吸水和失水现象。
下列叙述正确的是()A. 可观察到细胞中有螺旋带状叶绿体B. 由于叶片薄,叶肉细胞少,被卡尔文用作发现光合作用过程的实验材料C. 高浓度乙醇可引起细胞的质壁分离和复原D. 处于质壁分离状态的细胞,细胞液浓度可能等于细胞外液的浓度5.为探究影响光合作用强度的因素,将同一品种玉米苗置于25℃条件下培养,实验结果如图所示。
下列叙述,错误的是()A. 此实验有两个自变量B. D点比B点CO2吸收量高原因是光照强度大C. 实验结果表明,在40%-60% 的条件下施肥效果明显D. 制约C点时光合作用强度的因素主要是土壤含水量6.C1、C2、C3、C4是某动物体的4个细胞,其染色体数分别是N、2N、2N、4N,下列相关叙述错误的是()A. C1、C2可能是C4的子细胞B. C1、C3不一定是C4的子细胞C. C1、C2、C3、C4可能存在于一个器官中D. C1、C3、C4核DNA分子比值可以是1:2:27.HIV侵入人体后只与T细胞相结合,是因为只有T细胞表面含有CCR5的特殊蛋白质(由CCR5基因编码)。
113天津⼀中⾼⼀化学必修1第三章单元测试可能⽤到的相对原⼦质量:Mg 24;Al 27;O 16⼀、单选题(每⼩题仅有1个正确答案;共47分)1、下列说法不正确的是()A .⽉饼包装中的脱氧剂主要成分是铁粉,为了防⽌⽉饼氧化⽽变质B .在节假⽇⾥燃放的烟花利⽤了⼀些⾦属的焰⾊试验C .FeCl 3、FeCl 2均能通过两种物质直接化合制取D .⾦属钠着⽕时,可⽤泡沫灭⽕器扑灭2、下列转化不可能通过⼀步反应直接完成的是()A .Al →Al 2O 3B .Al 3+→Al(OH)3C .Al 3+→AlO 2-D .Al 2O 3→Al(OH)33、硫酸铁溶液中加⼊少量Fe 粉,溶液颜⾊变浅,要证明该过程发⽣了氧化还原反应,加⼊下列试剂⼀定可⾏的是()A .KSCN 溶液B .酸性⾼锰酸钾溶液C .NaOH 溶液D .先加⼊KSCN 溶液,再加⼊H 2O 2溶液4、下列中学常⻅实验的现象表述正确的是()A .过量的铁投⼊到⼀定量的稀硝酸中充分反应后取上层清液置于试管中,滴加KSCN 溶液,溶液显红⾊B .FeO 不稳定,在空⽓中加热迅速变成氧化铁C .检验红砖中有氧化铁,向红砖粉末中加⼊盐酸,充分反应后取上层清液于试管中,滴加KSCN 溶液2~3滴即可D .往FeCl 3和BaCl 2的混合溶液中通⼊SO 2,溶液颜⾊由⻩⾊变为浅绿⾊,同时有⽩⾊沉淀产⽣,表示FeCl 3具有还原性5、“灌钢法”是我国古代劳动⼈⺠对钢铁冶炼技术的重⼤贡献,陶弘景在其《本草经集注》中提到“钢铁是杂炼⽣鍒作⼑镰者”。
“灌钢法”主要是将⽣铁和熟铁(含碳量约0.1%)混合加热,⽣铁熔化灌⼊熟铁,再锻打成钢。
下列说法错误的是()A .钢是以铁为主的含碳合⾦B .钢的含碳量越⾼,硬度和脆性越⼤C .⽣铁由于含碳量⾼,熔点⽐熟铁⾼D .冶炼铁的原料之⼀⾚铁矿的主要成分为Fe 2O 36、部分含铁物质的分类与相应化合价关系如图所示。
天津市第一中学2023-2024学年高三下学期第四次月考英语试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单项选择1.—Have you heard the news that Mrs Smith will be appointed as our head?— _______. She is just an assistant.A.You said it B.By all means C.You don’t say D.You bet2.-You look sleepy today.- ______not to miss the flight, I didn’t dare to close my eyes the whole night.A.Having reminded B.Reminded C.Being remindedD.To be reminded3.Some people think that watching violence on TV is one of the major causes of ______ behavior and crime in society.A.abstract B.ridiculous C.aggressive D.visual4.It is said that body language ________ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.A.lies in B.accounts forC.consists of D.goes with5.The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help with his performance.A.at random B.on the whole C.on average D.in general 6.Each means ______to solve the problem, but none is effective.A.have been tried out B.were tried out C.is tried outD.has been tried out7.I advise you to stay away from Mary. Although she is usually easy-going, she ______be quite annoying sometimes.A.can B.need C.must D.should 8.These MBAs are undeniably expensive and ______ pose the question as to how much value and payback they can provide.A.essentially B.absolutely C.consistently D.consequently 9.—Will you take over at the next service area? I want a short rest.—Sure. You ______ for over four hours by then.A.have driven B.have been drivingC.will be driving D.will have been driving10.In schools, it is required that no parent should ______to classrooms during class time.A.have possession B.have connection C.have accessD.have contact11.Don’t let such an unimportant matter as this come between us _____ we can concentrate on the major issue.A.so that B.in caseC.because D.on condition that12.When you visit Beijing, you can go to theaters and teahouses ________ you can experience a truly Chinese way of life.A.that B.which C.where D.when 13.— I’ve been eating a healthy diet for a year.— Oh, great! ______.A.Same to you B.Keep it up C.Cheer up D.Good luck 14.Dr. Hart says ______ he really admires is the way ______ she has acknowledged good health not only makes her more beautiful, but happier too.A.which, that B.that, what C.what, that D.that, which 15.If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults and problems where there are really ______.A.nothing B.some C.many D.none二、完形填空After a whole week of rain we finally had a comfortable, beautiful summer day outside. My family and I were driving to a nearby town when my daughter 16 a yard sale. Then, a few miles down the road, we saw another, and another, and another, We saw tables full of knickknacks. We saw plates, glasses, and silverware. 17 , we saw lots of smiling people talking, laughing, sitting, and standing in the sunshine.Seeing all of this brought back 18 of my childhood. Most of the clothes in my closet back then came from 19 . My mom was a talented yard sale-shopper. When I was little, she would drag me along with her. I used to 20 going to them, until onespecial day when I saw that they also sold old 21 . After that, I always browsed through the books until it was time to 22 . Sometimes mom would 23 me one too. Soon, a large part of my home library came from yard sale books. For me, these books were more 24 than their first editions.Why do we have yard sales? It certainly isn’t for the 25 . For all the time and 26 people put into them, they would hardly make minimum wage from the sales. I think, rather, it is yard sales that 27 us together. We 28 our old things and we buy “new” old things. We talk and 29 old friends and new neighbors. We get a 30 to give and share. We 31 through kindness and love among all the old stuff. It’s all about 32 , both in goods and between people.I think yard sales teach us something about 33 too. We can’t really34 anything here, after all; all we get is 35 possession of our stuff, then it comes time for us to let it go and pass it on.16.A.announced B.spotted C.prepared D.recalled 17.A.Even so B.In short C.At least D.Above all 18.A.problems B.memories C.realities D.dreams 19.A.markets B.neighbors C.yard sales D.shopping malls 20.A.imagine B.enjoy C.practice D.hate 21.A.books B.paintings C.plates D.toys 22.A.go B.start C.work D.register 23.A.award B.write C.buy D.lend 24.A.popular B.useful C.different D.priceless 25.A.fun B.money C.relaxation D.responsibility 26.A.love B.resource C.fund D.effort 27.A.mix B.bring C.guide D.inspire 28.A.get rid of B.put away C.go through D.make use of 29.A.pass by B.look for C.catch up with D.face up to 30.A.tradition B.goal C.chance D.job 31.A.extend B.connect C.learn D.compete 32.A.communication B.information C.deliveryD.exchange33.A.life B.ethics C.economy D.society 34.A.purchase B.explore C.own D.trust 35.A.temporary B.legal C.normal D.full三、阅读理解With the rapid development of computer science, the Internet is changing quickly out of our expectations. In the past, we just had the Internet while now we have the Internet of Things (IoT), which aims to get everything and everyone talking. Attaching sensors to “things”, such as cows, cars and refrigerators, and then assigning them unique IP addresses allow them to “talk” to the Internet. Of course, the IoT will involve much more than a handful of sensors. Networking company Cisco estimates that 50 billion Internet-connected devices and objects will be sending over data by 2020.36.How do researchers get everything and everyone talking?A.By establishing the IoT and launching a handful of sensors.B.By sending people to track them day and night and collect useful data.C.By communicating with them all the time through the IoT.D.By connecting sensors with them and appointing them unique IP addresses. 37.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?A.IoT can help people do preventive maintenance and save money.B.IoT can help people monitor energy usage and observe price changes timely.C.IoT can help people adjust their habits and use electrical appliances more wisely.D.IoT can help people investigate things and update a lot of important data. 38.Besides its probably ending up being a fashion, what else do critics worry about the IoT?A.People will lose interest in it as quckly as the thrill over last year’s smartphone.B.Whether related companies will provide long-term software updates or not.C.Refrigerators and washing machines will be replaced by other devices in a few years.D.The software provided by companies will be outdated easily and quickly. 39.According to the passage, when owners of the Tesla Model S electric car received a recall notice, they ___.A.just waited in the car while the maintenance is being done through wireless update B.were required to go to the nearest 4S store to make some adjustments or repairsC.could definitely depend on the IoT to send them the charger plug to be fixedD.had to confirm the update with the help of the equipment provided by the company 40.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Craze is disappearing!B.It’s time to change!C.It’s all connected!D.The Internet is coming!It was a cold May morning when I received an intriguing (有趣的) email from an old high school friend inviting me to join a 10-day all-girls surf trip. I knew I had to say yes.The trip seemed simple enough. Ten women aged 30 to 45, all complete strangers, gathered on the coast of Portugal to try something new: surfing in the Atlantic Ocean.I have always loved traveling, so I eagerly sent an email to my boss seeking permission from him to make the once-in-a-life trip.If there’s one thing I’ve learned over my past 33 years, it’s that adults typically spend their days mastering the things they’ve done before. It seems like we pride ourselves on becoming experts in whatever field we’ve fallen into, knowing more and more about less and less.Now, in theory, this is a great strategy, as it allows you to become really, really good at one particular thing, but it also kind of ends up leaving some skills lacking.I met my new surfing companions on the grass of the hotel lawn in a small surf town called Ericeira. Despite our different personalities and backgrounds, we were all united in a relentless desire to challenge ourselves, learn, tackle and grow.The shores at Ericeira, where the beginners learn to surf, are shallow and covered with slippery rocks. They make for softer waves but are difficult to navigate.Guided by our amazing coaches, together, we faced the waves. Sometimes, it poured with rain, and the waves crashed around us, but we were still out there. And with every slip and fall, words of encouragement filled the air.Honestly, I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone, but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked. Learning a new skill taught me the humility that can come from doing badly at something new, and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on.While surfing might not be my calling, trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life, to step outside of my comfort zone and to never stop believing in myself. You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try.41.What motivated the author to join the surf trip to Portugal?A.Her love for surfing and improving existing skills.B.Her desire to reconnect with a high school friend and make new friends.C.Her passion for embracing challenges and exploring new places.D.The chance to take a break in Portugal from work.42.What is the author’s view on adults focusing on mastering one field?A.It blocks creativity and exploration.B.It is essential for career success.C.It disturbs one’s work-life balance.D.It narrows one’s abilities.43.Which of the following words best describe the author’s surfing experience?A.Tough but rewarding.B.Relaxing but unpredictable.C.Difficult but interesting.D.Tiring but meaningful.44.What can be inferred about the author?A.She discovered her true calling atter the trip.B.She used to lack confidence in herself.C.She became more willing to challenge herself.D.She went on to become an expert surfer.45.What wisdom did the author gain from the experience with surfing?A.The need to seek professional training in all new skills.B.The value of pushing your limits and running the risk of something unpleasant.C.The benefit of exploring new places with unknown companions.D.The importance of being an expert in on field.The Internet has completely changed the workplace over the past three decades. Artificial Intelligence is now all set to do the same, and businesses that don’t take advantage of the technology risk being left behind.Global tech giants like Amazon have been leading the change, and businesses of all sizes are now using the technology for employing and managing their staff.Among them is L’Oreal. With about a million applicants for roughly 15,000 new positions each year, the company is using AI to hire.“We really wanted to save time and focus more on quality, diversity and candidate experience. And AI solutions were the best way to go faster on these challenges,” said Eva Azoulay, global vice-president of L’Oreal’s Human Resources Department.The company uses Mya, a chatbot, to save employers’ time during the first stage of the process. It handles routine questions from candidates, and checks details such as availability and visa requirements. Should candidates make it to the next round, they’ll run into Seedlink, an AI software that scores applicants based on their answers to open-ended interview questions. These scores don’t replace human judgment, said Azoulay, but they do exclude candidates who might not seem like obvious choices.Early results have been promising. For one internship program, where 12,000 people apply for about 80 spots, employers claim they saved 200 hours of time while hiring the most diverse group to date.Other businesses have gone beyond employment and are using AI to help manage employees. Some UK firms have started using Isaak, a system designed by the London-based company StatusToday, to track how many hours staff spend online and the number of emails they receive. London real estate agent JBrown has been using this system since March. CEO James Brown said it helps the firm understand employees’ habits and prevent them from overworking. “It enables us to solve bottleneck problems and relieve overburdened employees,” he said.Despite these examples of good practice, there is still a long way for AI to reach its full potential, and the technology comes with risks. Another AI danger could be its impact on jobs through automation.McKinsey predicts AI could add $13 trillion to the global economy by 2030, with early adopters doubling their cash flow over that period. But the demand for repetitive (重复的) or digitally-unskilled jobs could drop by around 10%, the consulting firm said in a 2018 report. 46.What can we learn about AI technology from Paragraph 1?A.It causes a great problem in workplace.B.It will become a necessary part of business.C.It requires businesses to invest much money.D.It will replace the Internet in the future.47.L’Oreal uses AI in its hiring process to _____.A.pick out the most suitable candidates directlyB.come up with more questions unlimitedlyC.improve the company’s hiring efficiencyD.save money by replacing human judgment48.What’s the meaning of the underlined word “exclude” in the 5th paragraph?A.Prepare.B.Consider.C.Remove.D.Include. 49.Firms with the system Isaak can _____.A.prevent their employees from surfing the InternetB.force their employees to form good working habitsC.monitor the contents of all their employees’ emailsD.help their employees avoid being overstressed at work50.What is the main idea of the passage?A.What AI will bring to the workplace.B.Why AI could be good for the workplace.C.How businesses can prepare for an AI future.D.How to use AI to improve workplace efficiency.Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have uncovered shocking differences in perception (感知) between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they perceive a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a leading science journal.In western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly independent individuals. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, emphasize inter-dependence. When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on surroundings as well as the object.Using an experiment involving two tasks, Dr Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that is played to American strengths. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asians. The level of brain activity, by tracking blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brains were different. For the Americans, areas linked to attention lit up more, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult — estimating the line’s length relative to the square. For the Asians, the attention areas lit up more during the harder task also — estimating the line’s length without comparing it to the square. The findings are a reflection of more than ten years of previous experimental research into east-west differences.In one study, for instance, researchers offered people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen while Westerners were more likely’ to choose the green one.Culture is not affecting how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us clues on how our brain works and is hopeful for us to developprograms to improve our memory, memory techniques and enhance and accelerate our learning skills.51.According to the passage, Chinese people are most likely to ___.A.more emphasize independent thinkingB.always focus more on their surroundingsC.think of Westerners as highly independent individualsD.focus more on the context as well as the object52.We know from the passage that people’s brains will be more active when ___.A.the task is much easier B.the blood flow is trackedC.the task is more difficult D.people begin to choose colors 53.What do the findings of the experiment mentioned in the 4th paragraph indicate?A.They indicate that culture has a great impact on the way people talk and behave.B.They show that Easterners and Westerners have great differences in perceiving the world.C.They suggest that people’s habits of thought and-perception can be changed indifferent cultures.D.They make it clear that Easterners and Westerners lay emphasis on different things. 54.It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A.Easterners prefer collectivism to individualismB.East Asian cultures lay more emphasis on independenceC.It took over ten years to find out how to improve our brainpowerD.Americans will change their habits of perception when they’re in Britain 55.Which of the following will be the best title of the passage?A.Chinese culture: why it has an advantage over Western culture?B.Western culture and Chinese culture: which will be more suitable for us?C.Western culture and Chinese culture: why we should learn from both?D.Western culture vs. Chinese culture阅读短文, 按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
天津一中2023—2024-2高三年级第四次月考数学试卷本试卷总分150分,考试用时120分钟.考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上,答在试卷上的无效.一、选择题(本大题共9小题,每小题5分,共45分)1. 已知集合,则( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据题意,求得集合,结合集合交集的运算,即可求解.【详解】由不等式,解得,所以,又由,所以.故选:C.2. 将收集到的天津一中2021年高考数学成绩绘制出频率分布直方图,如图所示,则下列说法中不正确的是( )A. B. 高三年级取得130分以上的学生约占总数的65%C. 高三年级的平均分约为133.2D. 高三年级成绩的中位数约为125【答案】D 【解析】【分析】对于A ,由各个矩形面积之和为1即可列式求解;对于B ,求最右边两个矩形面积之和即可验算;对于C ,D 分别由平均数计算公式、中位数计算方法即可判断.{}{}2|3100,33A x x x B x x =--<=-≤≤A B = (2,3]-[)3,5-{1,0,1,2,3}-{3,2,1,0,1,2,3,4}---{}1,0,1,2,3,4A =-23100x x --<25x -<<{}1,0,1,2,3,4A =-{}33B x x =-≤≤{}1,0,1,2,3A B ⋂=-0.028a =【详解】对于A ,,故A 正确;对于B ,高三年级取得130分以上的学生约占总数的,故B 正确;对于C ,高三年级的平均分约为,故C 正确;对于D ,设高三年级成绩的中位数为,由于,所以,故D 不正确.故选;D.3. 已知,条件,条件,则是的( )A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件C 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A 【解析】【分析】结合绝对值的性质,根据不等式的性质及充分条件、必要条件的定义分析判断即可.【详解】因为,所以由得,故由能推出;反之,当时,满足,但是;所以是的充分不必要条件.故选:A .4. 函数的图象大致为( )A. B.C. D.【答案】B 【解析】.()1100.0010.0090.0250.037100.028a =-⨯+++÷=⎡⎤⎣⎦()0.0280.03710100%65%+⨯⨯=()1050.0011150.0091250.0251450.0281350.03710133.2⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯⨯=x 0.010.090.250.350.500.350.370.72++=<<+=130140x <<0a >:p a b >2:q a ab >p q 0a >a b >2a ab ab >≥:p a b >2:q a ab >10,2a b =>=-212a ab =>=-122a =<-=p q ()21cos 31x f x x ⎛⎫=-⋅ ⎪+⎝⎭【分析】根据函数奇偶性即可排除CD ,由特殊点的函数值即可排除A.【详解】,则的定义域为R ,又,所以为奇函数,图象关于原点对称,故排除CD ,当时,,故排除A .故选:B.5. 已知函数是上的偶函数,且在上单调递增,设,,,则a ,b ,c 的大小关系是( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】结合偶函数的性质,函数单调性,只需比较对数、分数指数幂的大小即可得解.【详解】因为函数是上的偶函数,且在上单调递增,所以,即.故选:B.6. 多项式展开式中的系数为( )A. 985B. 750C. 940D. 680【答案】A 【解析】分析】由二项式定理即可列式运算,进而即可得解.【详解】多项式展开式中的系数为.故选:A.7. 已知斜三棱柱中,为四边形对角线的交点,设三棱柱的体积【2()(1)cos 31xf x x =-⋅+()f x ()()()22321cos 1cos 1cos 313131x x x xf x x x x f x -⎛⎫⨯⎛⎫⎛⎫-=-⋅-=-⋅=-+⋅=- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪+++⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()f x πx =()ππ22π1cos π103131f ⎛⎫-=< ⎪++⎝⎭=-+()f x R ()f x [0,)+∞12e a f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭12b f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭1ln 2c f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭a b c <<b<c<ac<a<bb a c<<()f x R ()f x [0,)+∞()()1211ln 2ln 1e 22b f f f c f ff a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=<==<<== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭b<c<a ()52(71)52x x++2x ()52(71)52x x++2x 32350555C 712C 7159805985⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅=+=111ABC A B C -O 11ACC A 111ABC A B C -为,四棱锥的体积为,则( )A. B. C. D. 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】如图,延长,连接,则、,进而得,即可求解.【详解】如图,延长,连接,则,所以,又O 为的中点,所以点到平面的距离是点到平面的距离的2倍,则,所以,即故选:A8. 已知函数(为常数,且)的一个最大值点为,则关于函数的性质,下列说法错误的有( )个.1V 11O BCC B -2V 21:V V =1:31:41:62:31OA 11,,OB OB A B 111123A BCC B V -=11122A BCC B V V -=12223V V =1OA 11,,OB OB A B 11111111,3A ABC A BCCB A ABC V V V V V ---=+=111123A BCCB V -=1AC 1A 11BCC B O 11BCC B 11111222A BCC B O BCC B V V V --==12223V V =2113V V =()sin cos f x a x b x =+,a b 0,0a b >>π3x =()sin 2cos 2g x a x b x =+①的最小正周期为;②的一个最大值点为;③在上单调递增;④的图像关于中心对称.A. 0个 B. 1个C. 2个D. 3个【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据三角函数的性质,求的关系,再根据辅助角公式化简函数,再利用代入的方法,判断函数的性质.【详解】函数,,平方后整理为,所以,,函数的最小正周期为,故①正确;当时,,此时函数取得最大值,故②正确;当时,,位于单调递增区间,故③正确;,故④错误,所以错误的只有1个.故选:B9. 已知双曲线的左焦点为,过作渐近线的垂线,垂足为,且与抛物线交于点,若,则双曲线的离心率为( )A.B.C.D.【答案】B 【解析】()g x π()g x π6()g x 2π,π3⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭()gx 7π,012⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,a b ()g x ()sin cos f x a x b x =+12b +=()20a =a π()sin 2cos 22sin 26g x x b x b x ⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭0b >()g x 2ππ2=π6x =πππ2662⨯+=()g x 2π,π3x ⎛⎫∈⎪⎝⎭π3π13π2,626x ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭77ππ4π2sin 22sin 0121263g b b π⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+=≠ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22221(0,0)x y a b a b-=>>1(,0)F c -1F P 212y cx =M 13PM F P =【分析】首先利用等面积法求出点坐标,再根据,求出坐标,再将坐标带入抛物线化简即可求解出双曲线离心率.【详解】据题意,不妨取双曲线的渐近线方程为,此时,,∴,且是直角三角形,设,则,,代入中,得,即;设,则,,由,则,,∴,则;又在抛物线上,,即,化简得,分子分母同时除以,,且,,.故选:B二、填空题(本大题共6小题,每小题5分,共30分)10. 已知,且满足(其中为虚数单位),则_________.【答案】2【解析】【分析】根据复数相等得到关于的方程组,解该方程组即可.【详解】由题意,可得,P 13PM F P =M M 212y cx =by x a=-1F P b =1OF c =OP a =1OPF (,)p p P x y 11122OPF p S ab cy== p aby c ∴=b y xa =-2p a x c =-2(,a ab P c c-(,)M xy 2,a ab PM x y c c ⎛⎫=+- ⎪⎝⎭ 221,,a ab b ab F P c cc c c ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ 13PM F P = 223a b x c c+=⋅3ab ab y c c -=⋅2234,b a ab x y c c -==2234(,)b a abM c c -M 212y cx =22243()12ab b a cc c-∴=()()()2222222222221612316123a b b aca c a c a a c ⎡⎤=-⇔-=--⎣⎦422491640c a c a -+=4a 4291640e e ∴-+=1e >2e ∴===e ∴=,R a b ∈(12i)(i)3i a b ++=-i 22a b +=,a b (12i)(i)3i a b ++=-(2)(2)i 3i a b a b -++=-所以,解得,所以.故答案为:211. 著名的“全错位排列”问题(也称“装错信封问题”是指“将n 个不同的元素重新排成一行,每个元素都不在自己原来的位置上,求不同的排法总数.”,若将个不同元素全错位排列的总数记为,则数列满足,.已知有7名同学坐成一排,现让他们重新坐,恰有两位同学坐到自己原来的位置,则不同的坐法有_________种【答案】【解析】【分析】根据数列递推公式求出项,再结合分步计数原理求解.【详解】第一步,先选出两位同学位置不变,则有种,第二步,剩下5名同学都不在原位,则有种,由数列满足,,则,,,则不同的做法有种.故答案为:.12. 已知在处的切线与圆相切,则_________.【答案】或【解析】【分析】根据导数的几何意义,求得切线方程,再由直线与圆相切,列出方程,即可求解.【详解】由函数,可得,则且,所以函数在处的切线方程为,即,又由圆,可得圆心,半径为,2321a b a b -=⎧⎨+=-⎩1575a b ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩222a b +=n n a {}n a 120,1a a ==()12(1)(3)n n n a n a a n --=-+≥9242776C 2121⨯==⨯5a {}n a 120,1a a ==()12(1)(3)n n n a n a a n --=-+≥()()321312a a a =-+=()()432419a a a =-+=()()5435144a a a =-+=2144924⨯=9242()ln f x x x =-1x =22:()4C x a y -+==a -0x y -=2()ln f x x x =-1()2f x x x=-'(1)1f '=(1)1f =()f x 1x =11y x -=-0x y -=22:()4C x a y -+=(,0)C a 2r =因为与圆,解得.故答案为:.13. 元旦前夕天津-中图书馆举办一年一度“猜灯谜”活动,灯谜题目中逻辑推理占,传统灯谜占,一中文化占,小伟同学答对逻辑推理,传统灯谜,一中文化的概率分别为,,,若小伟同学任意抽取一道题目作答,则答对题目的概率为______,若小伟同学运用“超能力”,抽到的5道题都是逻辑推理题,则这5道题目中答对题目个数的数学期望为______.【答案】 ①. ##②. 【解析】【分析】根据全概率公式求解概率,根据二项分布列的期望公式求解即可.【详解】设事件“小伟同学任意抽取一道题目作答,答对题目”,则.由题意小伟同学任意抽取一道逻辑推理题作答,则答对题目的概率为,根据二项式分布知,所以,即的数学期望为.故答案为:,14. 在中,设,,其夹角设为,平面上点满足,,交于点,则用表示为_________.若,则的最小值为_________.【答案】 ①. ②.【解析】【分析】由和三点共线,得到和,得出方程组,求得的值,得到,再由,化简得到,得出,结合基本不等式,即可求解.0x y -=C 2a =±±20%50%30%0.20.60.7X 0.5511201A =()0.20.20.50.60.30.70.55P A =⨯+⨯+⨯=0.2()5,0.2X B ~()50.21E X =⨯=X 10.551ABC ,AB a AC b ==u u u r r u u u r r θ,D E 2AD AB = 3AE AC =,BE DC O AO ,a b65AO DE DC BE ⋅=⋅ cos θ4355AO a b =+ ,,D O C ,,B O E 2(1)AO ta t b =+- ()33AO ua u b =+-2133t ut u =⎧⎨-=-⎩,t u 4355AO a b =+ 65AO DE DC BE ⋅=⋅ 2248209a b a b ⋅=+ 22209cos 48a b a bθ+=【详解】因为三点共线,则存在实数使得,又因为三点共线,则存在实数使得,可得,解得,所以,由,因为,可得,整理得,可得,所以又因为所以,当且仅当时,即时,等号成立,所以.故答案为:15. 设函数,若函数与直线有两个不同的公共点,则的取值范围是______.【答案】或或【解析】【分析】对于,当可直接去绝对值求解,当时,分和,,D O C t (1)2(1)AO t AD t AC ta t b =+-=+-,,B O E u ()()133AO u AB u AE ua u b =+-=+-2133t u t u =⎧⎨-=-⎩24,55t u ==4355AO a b =+ 32,2,3DE AE AD b a DC AC AD b a BE AE AB b a =-=-=-=-=-=- 65AO DE DC BE ⋅=⋅ 436()(32)(2)(3)555a b b a b a b a +⋅-=-⋅-2248209a b a b ⋅=+ 2248cos 209a b a b θ=+ 22209cos 48a b a bθ+=22209a b+≥ 22209cos 48a b a b θ+=≥ 22209a b = 3b cos θ4355AO a b =+ 22()21f x x ax ax =-++()y f x =y ax =a 2a <-21a -<<-2a >221y x ax =-+0∆≤0∆>a <-a >论,通过和图像交点情况来求解.详解】由已知,即,则必过点,必过,对于,当时,,此时恒成立,所以,令,即,要有两个不同的公共点,则,解得或或,当时,或当时,和图象如下:此时夹在其两零点之间的部分为,令,得无解,则有两个根有两个根,即有两个解,,符合要求;当和图象如下:【221y x ax =-+()1y ax x =-22()21f x x ax ax ax =-++=()2211x ax ax x -+=-()1y ax x =-()()0,0,1,0221y x ax =-+()0,1221y x ax =-+280a ∆=-≤a -≤≤2210x ax -+≥()222()2121f x x ax ax a x ax =-++=+-+()221a x ax ax +-+=()22210a x ax +-+=()21Δ442020a a a ⎧=-+>⎨+≠⎩2a -≤<-21a -<<-2a <≤280a ∆=->a <-a >a <-221y x ax =-+()1y ax x =-221y x ax =-+-2221x ax ax ax -+-=-+()221a x -=()2211x ax ax x -+=-()2211x ax ax x ⇔-+=-()22210a x ax +-+=()2Δ4420a a =-+>a <-a >221y x ax =-+()1y ax x =-或令,根据韦达定理可得其两根均为正数,对于①,则,解得,对于②,则,解得,综上所述,的取值范围是或或.【点睛】方法点睛:对于方程的根或者函数零点问题,可以转化为函数图象的交点个数问题,图象直观方便,对解题可以带来很大的方便.三、解答题(本大发共5小题,共75分)16. 已知中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且,.(1)求;(2)若,求的面积.【答案】(1(2【解析】【分析】(1)利用正弦定理求关系,再利用余弦定理求出,再利用两角和的正弦定理计算即可;(2)利用三角形的面积公式求解即可.【小问1详解】2210x ax -+=011⎧<<⎪⎪>3a >011⎧<<⎪⎪<3a <<a 2a <-21a -<<-2a >ABC sin cos sin 22C CB =2223a c b -=πsin 3B ⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭1b =ABC ,,a b c cos B因为,所以,由正弦定理得,所以,即,所以,在中,,所以【小问2详解】由(1)得当时,,所以17. 已知四棱台,下底面为正方形,,,侧棱平面,且为CD 中点.(1)求证:平面;(2)求平面与平面所成角的余弦值;(3)求到平面的距离.【答案】(1)证明见详解 (2)sincos sin 22C CB =sin 2sinC B =2c b =2222223347b a b c b b +=+===a 222cos 2a cb B ac +-===ABC sin B ==π11sin sin 322B B B ⎛⎫+=== ⎪⎝⎭1b =2a c ==122ABC S =´´=1111ABCD A B C D -ABCD 2AB =111A B =1AA ⊥ABCD 12,AA E =1//A E 11BCC B 11ABC D 11BCC B E 11ABC D 15(3【解析】【分析】(1)直接使用线面平行的判定定理即可证明;(2)构造空间直角坐标系,然后分别求出两个平面的法向量,再计算两个法向量的夹角余弦值的绝对值即可;(3)使用等体积法,从两个不同的方面计算四面体的体积即可求出距离.【小问1详解】由于,,故,而,故四边形是平行四边形,所以,而在平面内,不在平面内,所以平面;【小问2详解】如上图所示,以为原点,为轴正方向,建立空间直角坐标系.则,,,,,,设平面与平面的法向量分别是和,则有和,1EAD B 11∥A B AB CE AB ∥11CEA B 1111122CE CD AB A B ====11CEA B 11A E B C ∥1B C 11BCC B 1A E 11BCC B 1//A E 11BCC B 1A 11111,,A A A D A B,,x y z ()2,0,0A ()10,1,0D ()2,0,2B ()10,0,1B ()10,1,1C ()()()()11110,0,2,2,1,0,2,0,1,0,1,0AB AD BB B C ==-=--=11ABC D 11BCC B ()1,,n p q r = ()2,,n u v w =11100n AB n AD ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩ 212110n BB n B C ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩即,,从而,,.故我们可取,,而,故平面与平面所成角的余弦值是.【小问3详解】设到平面的距离为,由于,而,所以.所以到平面18. 已知椭圆的左右顶点为A ,B ,上顶点与两焦点构成等边三角形,右焦点(1)求椭圆的标准方程;(2)过作斜率为的直线与椭圆交于点,过作l 的平行线与椭圆交于P ,Q 两点,与线段BM 交于点,若,求.【答案】(1)(2)【解析】【分析】(1)根据上顶点与两焦点构成等边三角形求出即可;(2)设出直线方程,利用弦长公式求出求出,,利用点到直线的距离求出点到直线的距离和点到直线的距离,再根据列式计算即可.【小问1详解】2020r p q =⎧⎨-+=⎩200u w v --=⎧⎨=⎩0r v ==2p q =20u w +=()11,2,0n = ()21,0,2n =-11cos ,5n 11ABC D 11BCC B 15E 11ABC D L 111111332E AD B AD B V LS L AD AB L -==⋅⋅⋅= 111142333E AD B B AD E AEB ABCD V V S S --==⋅⋅=⋅= 43=L =E 11ABC D 22221(0)x y a b a b +=>>(1,0)F A (0)k k >l M F N 2AMN BPQ S S =△△k 22143x y +=k =,a b AM PQ N AM B PQ 2AMN BPQ S S =△△由已知在等边三角形中可得,则椭圆的标准方程为为;【小问2详解】设直线的方程为:,联立消去得,则,得,,设直线的方程为:,设,联立,消去得,易知,则,所以,由得,所以直线的方程为,即,联立得,所以点到直线的22,a c b ====22143x y +=l ()2y k x =+()222143y k x x y ⎧=+⎪⎨+=⎪⎩y ()2222341616120k x k x k +++-=221612234M k x k --=+226834M k x k-=+226834Mk AM x k -=-=-=+PQ ()1y k x =-()()1122,,,P x y Q x y ()221143y k x x y ⎧=-⎪⎨+=⎪⎩y ()22223484120k x k x k +-+-=0∆>221212228412,3434k k x x x x k k-+==++PQ ==()2212134k k +=+226834M k x k -=+222681223434M k k y k k k ⎛⎫-=⋅+= ⎪++⎝⎭BM ()2221234268234kk y x k k +=---+()324y x k=--()()3241y x k y k x ⎧=--⎪⎨⎪=-⎩222463,4343k k N k k ⎛⎫+ ⎪++⎝⎭N AM点到直线,因为,所以,解得.【点睛】方法点睛:直线与椭圆联立问题第一步:设直线方程:有的题设条件已知点,而斜率未知;有的题设条件已知斜率,点不定,都可由点斜式设出直线方程.第二步:联立方程:把所设直线方程与椭圆方程联立,消去一个元,得到一个一元二次方程.第三步:求解判别式:计算一元二次方程根的判别式.第四步:写出根之间的关系,由根与系数的关系可写出.第五步:根据题设条件求解问题中的结论.19. 已知数列满足对任意的,均有,且,,数列为等差数列,且满足,.(1)求,的通项公式;(2)设集合,记为集合中的元素个数.①设,求的前项和;②求证:,.【答案】(1),B PQ 2AMN BPQ S S =△△()221211122234k k +=⨯+k =∆0∆>{}n a *N n ∈212n n n a a a ++=12a =24a ={}n b 11b =2105b b a +={}n a {}n b {}*1N n n k n A k a b a +=∈<≤n c n A ()2n n n p b c =+{}n p 2n 2n P *N n ∀∈122121111176n n c c c c -++++< 2n n a =32n b n =-(2)①;②证明过程见解析【解析】【分析】(1)根据等比中项的性质,结合等差数列的通项公式、等比数列的通项公式进行求解即可;(2)①根据不等式的解集特征,结合累和法、等比数列的前项和公式分类讨论求出的表达式,最后根据错位相减法进行求解即可;②运用放缩法,结合等比数列前项和公式进行运算证明即可.【小问1详解】因为数列满足对任意的,均有,所以数列是等比数列,又因为,,所以等比数列的公比为,因此;设等差数列的公差为,由;【小问2详解】因为,,所以由,因此有,即有,,当时,有于是有当为大于2的奇数时,()2122122n n P n n +=-⋅+-12322,n n k k +*<-≤∈N n n c n {}n a *N n ∈212n n n a a a ++={}n a 12a =24a ={}n a 212a a =1222n n n a -=⨯={}n b d ()210511932313132n b d d d b b n n a ⇒+++=⇒=⇒=+-=+-=2n n a =32n b n =-11,2322,nn n k n a b a k k k *+*+<≤∈⇒<-≤∈N N {}{}{}{}{}123452,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,,22A A A A A ===== {}623,24,,43,A =1234561,1,3,5,11,21,c c c c c c ======234512233445562,42,82,162,322,c c c c c c c c c c +=+==+==+==+== 12,n n n c c ++= 2,N n n *≥∈112,n n n c c --+=1112,n n n c c -+--=n ()()()243122431122221n n n n n n n c c c c c c c c -----=-+-+-+=+++++,显然也适合,当为大于2的偶数时,,显然也适合.①,,,设,则有,两式相减,得,,;②设,显然,,当时,有,因此,12214211143n n -⎛⎫- ⎪+⎝⎭=+=-11c =n ()()()244222442222221n n n n n n n c c c c c c c c -----=-+-++-+=+++++ 122214211143nn ⎛⎫- ⎪-⎝⎭=+=-21c =()()()21,21,N 221,2,Nn n n n n n n k k p b c n n k k **⎧+=-∈⎪=+=⎨-=∈⎪⎩()()212342121321242n n n n n P P P P P P P P P P P P P --=++++++=+++++++ ()()132124212132321221222424222n nn n n n -⎡⎤⎡⎤=⨯++⨯+++-⋅+-+⨯-+⨯-++⋅-⎣⎦⎣⎦()()()123212122232212221234212n n n n n n -⎡⎤=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅+⋅+-+-+--⎣⎦ ()()12321212223221222n n S n n -=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅+⋅ ()()234221212223221222nn S n n +=⨯+⨯+⨯++-⋅+⋅ 123212212222222n n n S n -+-=+++++-⋅ ()()2212121222212212n n n S n S n ++-⇒-=-⋅⇒=-⋅+-()2122122n n P n n +=-⋅+-()()11321k k k k c *+=∈+-N ()11332121k k k k c +=≤-+-()4213224k k k --⨯=-4,N k k *≥∈()()344213224042132212kk kkkk k--⨯=->⇒->⨯⇒<-()1133421221k k k k k c +=≤<-+-所以当时,,即,显然当时,有成立.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题的关键由可以确定从第几项开始放缩,根据数列的通项公式的形式,得到,这样可以进行放缩证明.20. 已知函数.(1)讨论的单调区间;(2)已知,设的两个极值点为,且存在,使得的图象与有三个公共点;①求证:;②求证:.【答案】(1)答案见解析 (2)证明见解析【解析】【分析】(1)首先求函数的导数,再讨论,结合函数的定义域,即可求函数的单调区间;(2)①要证,即证,只需证,构造函数,,借助导数即可得证;②同①中证法,先证,则可得,利用、是方程的两根所得韦达定理,结合即可得证.【小问1详解】,,N k *∈4512321111111111143222k k k c c c c c -⎛⎫+++++<++++++ ⎪⎝⎭ 43123211111111122114312k k k c c c c c --⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭⇒+++++<+++⨯- 312321111171171171322326k k k c c c c c --⎛⎫+++++<+-<+= ⎪⎝⎭ 2k n =122121111176n n c c c c -++++< 171111632=+++()1133421221k k k k k c +=≤<-+-2()24ln f x x ax x =-+()f x [4,6]a ∈()f x ()1212,λλλλ<b ∈R ()y f x =y b =()123123,,x x x x x x <<1212x x λ+>31x x -<∆1212x x λ+>2112x x λ>-()()1112f x f x λ<-()()()12x g x f x f λ=--()10,x λ∈2232x x λ+<()()2312123122x x x x x x λλ=++<---1λ2λ220x ax -+=[4,6]a ∈()()222422x ax f x x a x x-+'=-+=0x >其中,,当时,即,此时恒成立,函数在区间单调递增,当时,即或当时,在区间上恒成立,即函数在区间上单调递增,当,得或当时,,时,,所以函数的单调递增区间是和,单调递减区间是,综上可知,当的单调递增区间是;当的单调递增区间是和,单调递减区间是;【小问2详解】①由(1)知,当时,函数的单调递增区间是和,单调递减区间是,、是方程的两根,有,,又的图象与有三个公共点,故,则,()22tx x ax =-+28a ∆=-0∆≤a -≤≤()0f x '≥()f x ()0,∞+0∆>a <-a >a <-()0f x ¢>()0,∞+()f x ()0,∞+a >()0t x =1x =1x =0x <<x >()0f x ¢>x <<()0f x '<()f x ⎛ ⎝⎫+∞⎪⎪⎭a ≤()f x ()0,∞+a >()f x ⎛ ⎝⎫+∞⎪⎪⎭[4,6]a ∈()f x ()10,λ()2,λ+∞()12,λλ1λ2λ220x ax -+=122λλ=12a λλ+=()y f x =y b =()123123,,x x x x x x <<112230x x x λλ<<<<<1112x λλ->要证,即证,又,且函数在上单调递减,即可证,又,即可证,令,,由,则恒成立,故在上单调递增,即,即恒成立,即得证;②由,则,令,,则,故在上单调递增,即,1212x x λ+>2112x x λ>-1112x λλ->()f x ()12,λλ()()1122f x f x λ<-()()12f x f x b ==()()1112f x f x λ<-()()()12x g x f x f λ=--()10,x λ∈()()()()212222422x ax x x f x x a x x xλλ-+--'=-+==()()()()()112211122222x x xx x g x x λλλλλλλ------'=+-()()()()()1221112222x x x x x x x λλλλλλ+--+-=-⋅-()()222211*********x x x x x x xx x λλλλλλλλ-+++--+=-⋅-()()()()()12221111222420x x x x x x x λλλλλλλ--=-⋅=>--()g x '()10,λ()()()()111102g x g f f λλλλ<=--=()()1112f x f x λ<-112230x x x λλ<<<<<2322x λλ-<()()()22x h x f x f λ=--()2,x λ∈+∞()()()()()122221222222x x xx x h x x λλλλλλλ------'=+-()()()()()2112222222x x x x x x x λλλλλλ+--+-=-⋅-()()221122212222222x x x x x x xx x λλλλλλλλ-+++--+=-⋅-()()()()()22112222222420x x x x x x x λλλλλλλ--=-⋅=>--()h x '()2,λ+∞()()()()222202h x h ff λλλλ>=--=即当时,,由,故,又,故,由,,函数在上单调递减,故,即,又由①知,故,又,故.【点睛】关键点点睛:最后一问关键点在于先证,从而借助①中所得,得到.()2,x λ∈+∞()()22x f x f λ>-32x λ>()()3232f x f x λ>-()()32f x f x =()()3222f x f x λ>-2322x λλ-<122x λλ<<()f x ()12,λλ2322x x λ<-2232x x λ+<1212x x λ+>()()2312123122x x x x x x λλ=++<---2122λλ-==≤=31x x -<2232x x λ+<1212x x λ+>()()2312123122x x x x x x λλ=++<---。
天津市部分区学校2023届高三下学期质量调查(二)化学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、未知 1.我国在航天、航海等领域取得重大进展。
下列说法不正确的是 A .“天问一号”火星车的热控保温材料——纳米气凝胶,可产生丁达尔效应 B .北斗导航卫星的芯片与光导纤维的主要成分相同C .海洋开发走向“深蓝时代”,大型舰船的底部常镶嵌锌块,防止船底腐蚀D .航空母舰“福建舰”,相控阵雷达使用的碳化硅属于新型无机材料2.下列过程涉及氧化还原反应的是A .工业上电解熔融状态NaCl 制备NaB .用2Na S 作沉淀剂,除去工业废水中的2Cu +C .石油经过分馏后可以得到汽油、煤油、柴油等轻质油D .侯氏制碱法以232H O NH CO NaCl 、、、为原料制备3NaHCO 和4NH Cl 3.下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A .中子数为18的氯原子:3518ClB .2O -的结构示意图:C .3NH 的VSEPR 模型:D .C 原子的一种激发态: 4.下列物质属于分子晶体,且同时含有σ键和π键的是A .66KSCN C H 、B .4NH Cl CuO 、C .32Al(OH)SiO 、D .224CO C H 、5.下列离子方程式书写不正确的是A .223Na S O 与稀硫酸混合:22322S O 2H S SO H O -++=↓+↑+B .AgCl 悬浊液中加入足量的KI 溶液:I (aq)AgCl(s)AgI(s)Cl (aq)--+=+C .FeO 与稀硝酸反应:22FeO 2H Fe H O +++=+D .用足量的氨水吸收烟气中的2SO :23223422NH H O SO SO 2NH H O -+⋅+=++6.下列各仪器或装置能达到实验目的的是A.A B.B C.C D.D7.设AN为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是A.常温常压下,227.5gH NCH COOH中所含的原子数为ANB.1.5mol/L的2MgCl溶液中含有Cl-数目为A3NC.标准状况下,A30.5N CH OH分子所占的体积约为11.2LD.0.1molHClO分子中含有的H Cl-键的数目为A0.1N8.绿原酸是金银花成分之一,结构简式如下。
天津一中2024-2025-1 高一年级化学学科期中质量调查试卷本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(选择题)、第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共 100 分,考试用时 60 分钟。
第Ⅰ卷1至3页,第Ⅱ卷3至4页。
考生务必将答案写在答题卡规定的位置上,答在试卷上的无效。
祝各位考生考试顺利!可能用到的相对原子质量:H1C12 N14 O16 Na 23 S32 Ba 137第Ⅰ卷(选择题,每道题只有一个正确选项,请将答案填涂到答题卡上)1.古医典富载化学知识,下述之物见其氧化性者为( )A. 金( Au):“虽被火亦未熟”B. 石硫黄(S):“能化……银、铜、铁, 奇物”C. 石灰(CaO):“以水沃之, 即热蒸而解”D. 石钟乳(CaCO₃):“色黄, 以苦酒(醋)洗刷则白”2.下列说法正确的有( )①等物质的量的 Na₂O₂与Na₂O溶于等质量水中得到的溶液质量相同②提纯 Fe(OH)₃胶体,可以采用的方法是过滤③碱性氧化物均是金属氧化物④常温条件下,0.5 molCl₂与足量氢氧化钠溶液充分反应转移电子数为3.01×10²³⑤只含有一种元素的物质可能是纯净物也可能是混合物⑥碳纳米管是一种直径在2~20nm的碳单质,碳纳米管具有丁达尔效应⑦为了加快反应速率,在制取Cl₂时,加热温度越高越好A. 2个B. 3个C. 4个D. 5个3.制备碱式氯化铜[CuₐCl b(OH)c⋅H₂O]需要的CuCl₂可用Fe³⁺做催化剂得到,其催化原理如图所示。
下列说法正确的是( )A.上述转化过程中 Cu²⁺和O₂物质的量之比为1:1B.图中 M、N分别为Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺C. a、b、c之间的关系是 a=b+cD. N参加反应的离子方程式为4Fe²⁺+O₂+4H⁺=4Fe³⁺+2H₂O4.下列实验中,能实现实验目的的是( )选项A BC D实验绿豆大的 Na 目的Na 在空气中燃烧提取NaHCO ₃晶体实验室制CO ₂除去CO ₂中的少量HCl5.下列离子方程式正确的是 ( )A.氨化的 CaCl ₂溶液中通入过量的 CO 2:2NH 3+Ca 2++CO 2+2H 2O =CaCO 3↓+2NH +4B.向 NH ₄HSO ₄溶液中加入足量NaOH 溶液: NH +4+H ++2OH ―=NH 3⋅H 2O +H 2OC 在Ba²⁺、Na ⁺、OH ⁻|的混合溶液中通入少量 CO 2:CO 2+2OH ―=CO 3―3+H 2OD. Cl ₂通入水中制氯水: Cl₂+H₂O⇌2H⁺+Cl⁻+ClO⁻6.部分含氯物质的分类与相应化合价关系如图所示,NA 代表阿伏伽德罗常数,下列说法正确的是( )A. a 溶液不可用于酸化 KMnO₄溶液B.0.1mol b 溶于水, 转移电子数为0.1NAC. c 具有对自来水消毒、净化双效功能D. 为测定新制b 的水溶液pH ,用玻璃棒蘸取液体滴在 pH 试纸上,与标准比色卡对照即可7.实验室有一瓶失去标签的无色溶液,测其pH 为强酸性,则该溶液中还可能大量存在的离子组是( )A .Ca 2+、K +、Cl ―、CO ―3B ,Na +、Mg 2+、SO 2―4、Cl― C .K⁺、Na⁺, OH ―、Cl⁻ D .Cu 2+、Na 3、Cl 2、NO ―38.小组探究Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃与碱的反应,实验过程及结果如下。
天津市南开区南开中学2025届高三化学第一学期期中教学质量检测模拟试题考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大,X和Y能组成的多种化合物中有一种红棕色气体,Z原子的最外层电子数等于其最内层电子数。
2.8g纯铁粉与足量W单质在加热条件下完全反应,生成物的质量为4.4g。
下列说法正确的是A.简单离子半径:Z>W>X>YB.W的氧化物对应的水化物一定是强酸C.X、Y和W的简单氢化物中,Y的最稳定D.工业上,常采用电解熔融ZY的方法制备Z的单质2、下列物质转化在给定条件下不能实现的是( )A.Fe2O3FeCl3(aq) 无水FeCl3B.Al2O3NaAlO2(aq) AlCl3(aq)C.NH3NO HNO3D.SiO2H2SiO3Na2SiO33、下列说法错误的是A.二氧化硫可用于杀菌消毒B.SiO2和氢氟酸、氢氧化钠溶液都能发生反应,故被称为两性氧化物C.红葡萄酒密封储存的时间越长质量越好,其原因之一是储存过程中生成了有香味的酯D.对于在给定条件下反应物之间能够同时发生多个反应的情况,理想的催化剂可以大幅度提高目标产物在最终产物中的比率4、已知:i.4KI+O2+2H2O═4KOH+2I2,ii.3I2+6OH-═IO3-+5I-+3H2O,某同学进行如下实验:①取久置的KI固体(呈黄色)溶于水配成溶液;②立即向上述溶液中滴加淀粉溶液,溶液无明显变化;滴加酚酞后,溶液变红;③继续向溶液中滴加硫酸,溶液立即变蓝.下列分析合理的是()A.②说明久置的KI固体中不含有I2B.③中溶液变蓝的可能原因:IO3-+5I-+6H+═3I2+3H2OC.碱性条件下,I2与淀粉显色的速率快于其与OH -反应的速率D .若向淀粉KI 试纸上滴加硫酸,一段时间后试纸变蓝,则证实该试纸上存在IO 3-5、下列有关化学反应的叙述正确的是A .Cu 与稀硝酸反应生成NOB .Fe 与H 2O(g)加热生成Fe 2O 3C .Mg 在CO 2中燃烧生成MgCO 3D .室温下,氨水中通入过量SO 2生成(NH 4)2SO 36、阿伏加德罗常数为N A ,下列说法中正确的是A .62 g Na 2O 溶于水后所得溶液中含有的O 2-数为N AB .在含Al 3+总数为N A 的AlCl 3溶液中,Cl -总数大于3N AC .常温常压下, 16 g 甲基(—13CH 3)所含的中子数为10N AD .0.5mol Cu 和足量浓硝酸反应可以生成22.4LNO 27、已知()()()122222H O l =2H O l O g 98kJ mol H -+∆=-⋅。
南开中学2021—2022学年度高三年级第四次学情调查历史本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。
满分100分,考试时间60分钟。
第I卷(选择题共50分)一、单项选择题:每题2分。
在每题列出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
把正确选项填涂在答题纸上。
1.井田制下,村社内的土地分为公田和私田,私田是分给村社成员的份地,按制度定期交换,村社成员要随份地变动而迁居,即“三年一换土易居”。
这意味着私田A.可以进行交易买卖B.收获全部上缴国家C.属于小农经济范畴D.所有权归国家所有2.为唐代卷草纹,该纹在魏晋时期由丝绸之路传入中国的忍冬纹演变而成。
忍冬纹花卉形态消瘦、清朗,纹样简单,单纯质朴,而唐卷草纹多与牡丹、石榴、凤凰等动植物纹样灵活组合,变得雍容华丽。
这一变化A.体现唐文化兼收创新的特征B.突显中外文化交流互动深入C.源自唐朝海上丝绸之路开通D.说明物种丰富决定艺术形式3.1956年,考古工作者在长沙市铜官镇发现-处烧制釉下彩瓷的唐代窑址。
研究表明,有日本、印度尼西亚、伊朗和肯尼亚等13个国家和地区出土过长沙铜官窑瓷器。
长沙铜官窑经营者为占领市场,在器物上标出“天下第一”等广告语,有的还把卖价制作在器物上这说明该窑A.最早使用釉下彩瓷技术B.注重市场营销策略C.代表官营手工业的水平D.产品主要销往海外4.下列是宋、元、民国、当代编纂的浙江地方志及其部分目录,这些地方志按先后排列是①《山阴志》选举、书院、学堂、新军、警察②《临安志》宫阙、宗庙、三省、台阁、禁军、科举、坊市③《四明志》职官考(府州官员)、学校考(本路蒙古学、本路儒学)④《绍兴志》科学技术、报刊、文物古迹、名家学术思想A.①②④③B.②③①④C.③①②④D.③①④②5.甲午战争后有人认为:“欲图自强,莫亟于广兴学校,而学校中本原之本原,尤莫亟于创兴女学。
”1898年维新志士创办经正女学,以期“相夫教子、宜家善种、兴国智民。
”这一时期兴办女学A.开启了教育近代化进程B.服务于维新变法运动C.是民族危机加深的结果D.提高了妇女社会地位6.面对新高考改革,某中学设置校本课程“话说天津”,要求学生按下表材料确定一研究主题。