高考英语词汇语法之Chapter9 非谓语动词
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高考英语语法非谓语动词解析一. 非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
二. 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下:1. 不定式①基本形式:to do(表示主动,并且一般表示将来)②被动式:to be done(表示被动,并且一般表示将来)③进行式:to be doing (表示主动和进行)④完成时:to have done(表示主动和完成)⑤完成被动式:to have been done(表示被动和完成)⑥完成进行式:to have been doing (表示主动和完成进行)例如:The teacher told us to do morning exercises .老师让我们做早操。
The car to be bought is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。
She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom.老师进来时,她假装正在读书。
The thief is said to have escaped.据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested.据说小偷已经被抓住了。
She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years.据说在过去的20年里,她一直在这家工厂工作。
2. 动名词①基本形式:doing (表示主动)②被动式:being done(表示被动)③完成式:having done(表示主动和完成)④完成被动式:having been done(表示被动和完成)例如:Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.在未来,普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
高考英语非谓语动词知识讲解一、概念非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
从这个定义来看,简单来说,非谓语动词就是不是谓语的动词。
这听起来像是废话,但是我们必须有明确什么是谓语动词,在前面,我们已经说清楚了。
句子只能有一个谓语动词,那么其余的动词都是非谓语动词。
谓语动词就好比皇帝,非谓语动词,就相当于他身边的奴才。
这么一说,我们就很好理解了。
一般来说,非谓语动词通常有以下三种形式:二、三种形式(一)动名词(doing)动名词指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词(即非谓语动词)。
它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰,动名词有时态和语态的变化。
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语,但是不能充当状语。
从上面的定义中,我们可以很清楚知道动名词,顾名思义就是兼有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
在小学和中学的课程中,我们学习动名词做主语这个语法现象比较普遍。
大部分人也是从这个时候开始知道有动名词这个概念。
那么动名词究竟是动词,还是名词?前面已经说过,它是非谓语动词的一种形式,只不过他有动词和名词两种词性的作用。
故它是动词。
那么他竟然是动词自然有动词的性质,而且它可以充当名词有名词的作用,那么名词的作用,它也都有,它可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
也就是名词能干的事,它也能干。
(二)不定式(to do)动词不定式,为非谓语动词。
在英语语法中,动词不定式是指动词中的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的一种形式。
它之所以被称做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词性变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词形式。
根据国外和国内语法学家的研究,所谓不定式,其作用就是相当于情态动词加动词原形的形式。
为什么要这样说呢?因为他们都有相同的特征,以下:第一,原形can/may/could/would do sth.= to do sth.第二,都可表示不确定语气。
高中英语语法非谓语动词详解高中英语语法非谓语动词详解在高级英语语法中,非谓语动词是非常重要的一部分,也是理解和掌握英语语法的关键。
非谓语动词在句子中扮演着重要的角色,可以表达不同的意思和功能。
本文将详细解释非谓语动词的定义、类型和用法,并通过实例进行分析和解释。
一、定义和类型非谓语动词指的是在句子中不作为主要动词的动词形式,它们可以表达动词本身的含义,但没有主语和谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种类型。
1、动词不定式:动词不定式是以“to+”动词原形构成的,表示动词的不同形式,如“to do”、“to being”、“to have done”等。
2、动名词:动名词是在动词后加上“-ing”构成的,表示动词的现在分词形式,如“playing”、“swimming”、“jumping”等。
3、分词:分词是动词的过去分词形式,分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
现在分词表示动词的动作正在进行,如“running”、“singing”、“dancing”等;过去分词表示动词的动作已经完成,如“finished”、“eaten”、“read”等。
二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中可以扮演不同的成分,如主语、宾语、状语等。
下面我们通过具体的例子来分析非谓语动词的用法:1、动词不定式:在句子中,动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“To learn English is important”(学习英语很重要)中,动词不定式“to learn English”作为主语;或者在“I want to go home”(我想回家)中,动词不定式“to go home”作为宾语。
2、动名词:在句子中,动名词可以作为主语、宾语和状语等。
例如,“Playing sports is fun”(做运动很有趣)中,动名词“Playing sports”作为主语;或者在“I enjoy listening to music”(我喜欢听音乐)中,动名词“listening to music”作为宾语。
Unit 9非谓语动词---分词分词的基本概念:分词也是非谓语动词之一。
分词在形式上有两种形式:现在分词,动词原形+ ing(同动名词形式)过去分词,(规则动词)动词原形+ ed,(不规则动词)构成没有什么规律1.现在分词一、现在分词的定义现在分词是动词的另一种非限定形式。
它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征可以带宾语或受状语修饰。
现在分词和宾语或状语一起构成现在分词短语。
二、现在分词的基本形式现在分词有一般式和完成式加词尾-ing构成。
现在分词有一般式和完成式,及物动词的现在分词有主动语态和被动语态。
其形式如下:现在分词及物动词write 不及物动词go主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式writing being written going完成式havingwritten having beenwrittenhaving gone三、现在分词(短语)的句法功能现在分词(短语)在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。
1.作定语作定语用的现在分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰的词的前面如果是现在分词短语,则放在被修饰词的后面,它在作用上相当于一个定语从句。
如:coming week下周running water自来水sleeping child酣睡的孩子flying fish飞鱼working people劳动人民walking tractor手扶拖拉机This is a very interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。
The girl standing there(=who is standing there)is my sister.站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。
现在分词作定语时,要注意分词所表示的动作发生的时间。
一般说主要有下面两种情况:①表示正在进行的动作(变为从句时需要用进行时态)Did you see the girl dancing(= who was dancing)with your brother?你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个姑娘吗?The comrades working in the countryside(=who are working in the countryside)will be back tomorrow.在乡下劳动的同志们明天回来。
专题08 非谓语动词之分词距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
分词包括现在分词和过去分词,现在分词表示的动作与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,且含有进行的意义;过去分词表示的动作与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且含有完成的意义。
分词在句中起形容词或副词的作用,可作定语、状语、表语、补语。
having beendone(一)分词的句法功能一、主动的、正在进行的动作此时的现在分词具备以下两个特点:1. 若把分词改成定语从句,则定语从句的谓语要用进行时态。
2. 此时的现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性的特点,是强调正在发生的一个动作。
1 the sinking ship=the ship that is sinking正在下沉的船2 falling leaves=leaves that are falling正在飘落的叶子3 the rising sun=the sun that is rising旭日过去分词的主要意义有两类:被动一般或被动完成的动作和主动完成的动作。
Unit 9非谓语动词总结非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点,也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,V-ing分词(又分为现在分词和动名词)和过去分词。
一.基础知识1。
非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语(主语)补足语定语插入语(独立成分)V—ing形式现在分词●●●●动名词●●●●不定式(to do)●●●●●●过去分词(done) ●●●●to tell you the truth(实话说),needless to say(不用说),to be honest/frank(老实说,坦白说),to bemore exact(更确切地说),to make things worse (更糟的是),not to mention…(更不用说),Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来/ 坦白说/ 粗略地说)2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to do to be donefor sb。
to dosth.或of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have beendone完成式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing /动名词一般式doing being donesb。
或sb'sdoing作主语要用sb’s doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式:sb’s not doingsb's not havingdone完成式having done having been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not1。
非谓语作表语的重点①不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。
不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”.Our plan is to keep the affair secret。
高中英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、现在分词(-ing)和过去分词(-ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制,不能充当谓语,但可以充当句子的其他成分,并且有时态和语态的变化。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,不能独立作谓语,但可以有自己的宾语和状语。
一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后,而进行式表示动作正在进行,与谓语的动作同时发生。
动名词相当于名词,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语和状语。
它往往有将来意味,指经常性、惯性的动作或有现在意味。
现在分词和过去分词分别相当于形容词和副词,可以作定语和状语。
现在分词往往有进行意味,而过去分词则表示被动或完成的意义。
在上述各种非谓语动词形式之前直接加not可以构成否定式。
此外,动词不定式还有完成式、进行式和完成进行式,分别表示完成、正在进行和完成正在进行的动作或状态。
被动形式则表示该动作或状态的承受者。
需要注意的是,当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般要用被动式(to be done)。
例如,The building to be finished next month is for our ___.3.关于不定式的完成式:当不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作或状态之前时,使用完成式。
如果带有被动含义,则使用完成被动式(to have been done)。
例如:据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。
他据说在儿时学过法语。
4.关于不定式的完成进行式:如果不定式的动作在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或可能继续进行,则使用完成进行式。
例如:我们很高兴一整个月都在和专家们一起工作。
二、不定式的用法:1.不定式做主语:不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作,而动名词doing则表示惯性的、经常性的动作。
具体表现为:1)不定式作主语时,谓语使用单数形式,例如:做这样的事情是愚蠢的。
第九章非谓语动词非谓语动词有不定式㊁动名词和分词三种形式 , 除不能单独作谓语外 , 能充当其余所有的句子成分 , 故称为非谓语动词㊂它不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化 , 故又称为非限定动词㊂非谓语动词虽然不能单独作为谓语 , 但仍然保留了动词的一般特征 , 可以带自己的宾语㊁状语等构成非谓语动词短语㊂非谓语动词除过去分词外都有时态和语态的变化㊂非谓语动词的否定式一律在它们的前面加 not 构成㊂11动词不定式作主语当动词不定式在句子中作主语时 , 通常使用 it 作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短语 , 以使句子保持平衡㊂当动词不定式作主语时 , 其谓语动词常用单数㊂It’s a good habitbreakfast every day.(DA. hadB. haveC. hasD. to have表示动词不定式的动作是谁发出的 , 用 for sb. to do sth. 结构㊂如果要说明动词不定式所表示的动作是指谁的情况 , 则在不定式前用 of 引起的短语㊂此句型常用的形容词有 nice,kind,good,right,wise,clever,silly,rude,careless,stupid,impo⁃lite,naughty,wrong,unwise,foolish 等㊂Be quiet! It’s timean English class.(2007㊃常镇市 ,AA. for us to haveB. of us to haveC. for ushaving Many people think it’s very importantuslearn English well.(2007㊃贵阳市 ,AA. for;toB. to;toC.with;for It’s polite for studentshello to teachers.(2007㊃齐齐哈尔市 ,AA. to sayB. sayingC. says第九章非谓语动词世界上的一切光荣和骄傲, 都来自母亲。
Chapter9 非谓语动词(2)一、单项选择(共50小题;共50分)1. Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to keep2. He is thought foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.A. to actB. to have actedC. actingD. having acted3. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words in daily conversations.A. usingB. to useC. having usedD. used4. More highways have been built in China, it much easier for people to travel fromone place to another.A. makingB. madeC. to makeD. having made5. "Genius" is a complicated concept, many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved6. The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras to our shop for qualityproblems.A. returningB. returnedC. to returnD. to be returned7. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 poundsmust be in a child safety seat.A. being weighedB. to weighC. weighedD. weighing8. --- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.--- My goodness! I can't imagine that old.A. to beB. to have beenC. beingD. having been9. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permittingB. to permitC. permittedD. permit10.The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already for a meal to be cooked.A. laidB. layingC. to layD. being laid11. an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner orlater.A. BasedB. BasingC. BaseD. To base12. There is a note pinned to the door when the shop will open again.A. sayingB. saysC. saidD. having said13. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A. amusedB. amusingC. to amuseD. to be amused14. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a localadvertising agency.A. strugglingB. struggledC. having struggledD. to struggle15. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see hismother good care of at home.A. takingB. takenC. takeD. be taken16. Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried17. by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A. Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged18. Let those in need that we will go all out to help them.A. to understandB. understandC. understandingD. understood19. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.A. blockB. to blockC. blockingD. blocked20. the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working outB. Worked outC. To work outD. Work out21. Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.A. checkB. checkingC. to checkD. checked22. the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into theinternational stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given23. which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.A. Not knowingB. Knowing notC. Not knownD. Known not24. A great number of students said they were forced to practise the piano.A. to questionB. to be questionedC. questionedD. questioning25. The airport next year will help promote tourism in this area.A. being completedB. to be completedC. completedD. having been completed26. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found27. The players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summergame.A. selectingB. to selectC. selectedD. having selected28. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.A. RemindingB. RemindedC. To remindD. Having reminded29. Pressed from his parents, and that he has wasted too much time, the boy isdetermined to stop playing video games.A. realizingB. realizedC. to realizeD. being realized30. and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.A. To be tiredB. TiredC. TiringD. Being tired31. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins, the city took on anew look.A. reducingB. reducedC. being reducedD. having reduced32. I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to windB. windC. windingD. wound33. It's standard practice for a company like this one a security officer.A. employedB. being employedC. to employD. employs34. The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point.A. not tryingB. trying notC. to try notD. not to try35. David threatened his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reportedB. reportingC. to reportD. having reported36. the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakesyou make.A. IgnoreB. IgnoringC. IgnoredD. Having ignored37. Dear passengers, please remain until the bus totally stops.A. seatB. seatedC. seatingD. to be seated38. The sun began to rise in the sky, the mountain in golden light.A. bathedB. bathingC. to have bathedD. have bathed39. Today we have chat rooms, text mess aging, emailing… but we seem the art ofcommunicating face-to-face.A. losingB. to be losingC. to be lostD. having lost40. nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.A. Having spentB. To spendC. SpentD. To have spent41. The government plans to bring in new laws parents to take more responsibility forthe education of their children.A. forcedB. forcingC. to be forcedD. having forced42. You cannot accept an opinion to you unless it is based on facts.A. offeringB. to offerC. having offeredD. offered43. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.A. performB. performingC. to performD. being performed44. The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.A. savedB. savingC. to be savedD. having saved45. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity society for real-lifeexperience.A. exploreB. to exploreC. exploringD. explored46. an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer47. the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. ApproachingB. ApproachedC. To approachD. To be approached48. Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets hascaused heated debate among citizens.A. comparedB. comparingC. comparesD. being compared49. Much time sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by healthproblems.A. being spentB. having spentC. spentD. spending50. many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told答案一、单项选择1. D2. B3. D4. A5. B6. B7. D8. C9. A 10. A11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. C21. D 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. C 34. B 35. C 36. B 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. D 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D。