Lecture02 Representing Geography

30个表示学科的英文单词Here are 30 English words representing different subjects:1. Mathematics.2. Science.3. English.4. History.5. Geography.6. Art.7. Music.8. Physics.10. Biology.11. Computer Science.12. Economics.13. Psychology.14. Sociology.15. Political Science.16. Philosophy.17. Linguistics.18. Anthropology.19. Theology.21. Drama.22. Film Studies.23. Architecture.24. Engineering.25. Medicine.26. Law.27. Business Administration.28. Education.29. Nutrition.30. Environmental Science.Each of these subjects has its own unique characteristics and contributions to human knowledge and understanding. For example, mathematics provides the foundation for many scientific and technological advancements, while history helps us understand the past and gain insights into human behavior and culture. Art and music, on the other hand, contribute to our aesthetic understanding and appreciation of beauty.In the field of natural sciences, physics studies the fundamental laws of matter and energy, chemistry explores the properties and interactions of matter, and biology studies the structure and function of living organisms. These disciplines are essential for understanding the natural world and addressing real-world problems.Social sciences, such as economics, psychology, and sociology, focus on understanding human behavior and society. Economics studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, psychology explores the mind and behavior of individuals, and sociology studies social institutions and relationships.Humanities subjects, such as philosophy, linguistics, and literature, explore the meaning and value of human existence. Philosophy questions the nature of reality and knowledge, linguistics studies the structure and use of language, and literature analyzes and interprets written works.Finally, applied sciences and professions, such as engineering, medicine, law, and business administration, apply scientific knowledge and principles to practical problems. Engineering solves technical challenges, medicine promotes health and treats disease, law maintains social order and protects individual rights, and business administration manages and leads organizations.In conclusion, these 30 subjects represent a diverse range of human knowledge and expertise. Each subject contributes uniquely to our understanding of the world and to the advancement of society. By studying these subjects, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the world and prepare ourselves to face the challenges of the future.。

经纬度度分秒换算公式The conversion between degrees, minutes, and seconds (DMS) and decimal degrees is a fundamental concept in geography and navigation. It allows us to express geographic coordinates in different formats, providing flexibility and convenience in various applications. Inthis discussion, we will explore the problem of converting DMS to decimal degrees and vice versa, considering its significance, formulas, and practical implications.Firstly, let's understand the importance of DMS and decimal degrees in representing geographic locations. DMS is a traditional format that expresses coordinates in degrees (°), minutes ('), and seconds ("). For example, the coordinates of the Statue of Liberty in New York City are approximately 40° 41' 21" N, 74° 2' 40" W. On the other hand, decimal degrees represent coordinates as a single value, using decimal fractions to indicate the minutes and seconds. For instance, the Statue of Liberty's decimal degree coordinates are approximately 40.689167° N,-74.044444° W.The conversion from DMS to decimal degrees involves converting each component (degrees, minutes, and seconds) into decimal fractions and then summing them up. To convert degrees to decimal degrees, the formula is fairly simple: decimal degrees = degrees + (minutes/60) + (seconds/3600). For example, to convert 40° 41' 21" N to decimal degrees, we calculate 40 + (41/60) + (21/3600) ≈ 40.689167°. Similarly, the conversion for longitude coordinates follows the same formula.Conversely, to convert decimal degrees to DMS, we need to extract the degrees, minutes, and seconds from the decimal value. The degrees remain the same, while the minutes are obtained by multiplying the decimal fraction by 60 and rounding down to the nearest whole number. The seconds can be calculated by multiplying the remaining decimal fraction by 60. For example, to convert 40.689167° N back to DMS, the degrees remain 40, the minutes are obtained by multiplying the decimal part (0.689167) by 60, resulting in 41.35002 (rounded down to 41), and the secondsare calculated by multiplying the remaining decimalfraction (0.35002) by 60, resulting in 21.0012 (rounded to 21). Thus, the DMS representation is 40° 41' 21" N.The conversion between DMS and decimal degrees is crucial in various fields. In navigation, decimal degrees are commonly used in GPS devices and digital maps, allowing for precise and easy-to-understand location representation. On the other hand, DMS is often used in traditional maps, aviation, and maritime navigation, where precisepositioning and communication are essential. Therefore, having a clear understanding of the conversion process is vital for individuals working in these domains.Furthermore, the conversion formulas can be implemented in programming languages to automate the process. This is particularly useful when dealing with large datasets or when developing software applications that require coordinate transformations. By incorporating the conversion algorithms, developers can ensure accurate and efficient conversions between DMS and decimal degrees, enhancing the usability and functionality of their applications.In conclusion, the conversion between DMS and decimal degrees is a fundamental concept in geography and navigation. It allows for the flexible representation of geographic coordinates in different formats, catering to various applications and preferences. By understanding the conversion formulas and their practical implications, individuals can effectively work with coordinates in both DMS and decimal degree formats. Whether it's for navigation, mapping, or software development, the ability to convert between these formats is essential for accurate andefficient location representation.。

2023年1月雅思口语题part1：Geography答案Part 1 Geography1 Have you ever studied geography at school?I did study geography, yes. Physical geography, like plate tectonics –volcanoes and things like that, as well as land formation, and farming and the water cycle, and all of that type of stuff. We also studied human geography as well – population, demographics and things like that.2 Do you like geography?I do, actually. I find it quite interesting – especially physical geography. I’m interested in things re lated to the natural environment and the planet. And I am concerned about climate change and environmental issues facing us today, so I find geography relevant as well as interesting.3 Do you want to travel to a country because of its geographical conditions?Yes, I think so. At least it is one of the reasons I would choose to travel to a country, yes. For example, I am interested in lakes – I would like to spend some time in Sweden at the lakes – I heard they have a lot of lakes and it’s common to spend h olidays at the lakes, go in boats and things like that. So, yes, I would choose a country with lots of lakes and water.。

地理专业英语（ppt里面的内容）解读English for Geography地理专业英语Lesson 1. Longitude and latitude ...........................经度和纬度P1 (1)Lesson 2. Rotation and revolution of the earth...地球的自转和公转P6 (2)Lesson 3. Map projections and map scale ...............地图投影与地图比例尺P10 (5)Lesson 4. The major classes of landforms...............主要地形类型P13 (6)Lesson 5 Delta plains ..........................................三角洲平原P16 (8) Lesson 6 Limestone caverns and karst landscapes石灰岩洞和喀斯特景观P21 (8)Lesson 7 Layers of the Earth .................................地球圈层P31 (8) Lesson 8 The rock cycle ..........................................岩石循环P43 (9) Lesson 9 Soil pedogenesis .......................................成土作用p48 (10)Lesson 10 Global scale circulation of the atmosphere全球大气环流 P62 (11)Lesson 11 The Hydrologic Cycle ..............................水循环P74 (11)Lesson 12 Three Model of Urban Land Use..................三种城市土地利用模式P97 (11)Lesson 13 Air pollution cause and effects...............空气污染原因和影响P168 (12)Lesson 14 Hurricane ...................................................飓风P182 (12) Lesson 1. LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE经度和纬度1、The location of points on the earth’s surface follows a system in which lengths of arc are measured along meridians and parallels；测定地球表面上点的位置是按照沿着子午线（经线）和纬线测量弧长的方法进行的2、that desired point 欲量算的点3、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 经度的定义4、the longitude of a place is the arc, measured in degrees, of a parallel between that place and the prime meridian 某地的经度系该地与本初子午线之间的纬线的弧的度数5、almost universally 几乎一致6、The prime meridian is almost universally accepted as the meridian that passes through the old Royal Observatory at Greenwich人们几乎一致承认以通过格林尼治皇家天文台原址的子午线作为本初子午线7、be referred to as 被称为8、Long. 115。

绘制一张地图英语作文When it comes to drawing a map, it's not just about putting down geographical features. It is about creating a visual representation of an area, capturing its essence and providing valuable information for those who use it.绘制地图不仅仅是标注地理特征，它是关于创造一个区域的视觉表现，捕捉它的本质，并为使用者提供宝贵的信息。

The process of drawing a map involves careful research, attention to detail, and a keen eye for capturing the unique characteristics of a place.绘制地图的过程包括仔细的研究、注重细节和捕捉一个地方独特特征的敏锐眼光。

From defining the scale and orientation, to accurately representing features such as topography, landmarks, and infrastructure, there are many considerations to take into account. 从定义比例尺和方向，到准确地表现地形、地标和基础设施等特征，有许多因素需要考虑。

For example, when drawing a map of a city, it's important to accurately depict the layout of streets, the locations of key buildings,and the flow of public transportation. 例如，当绘制一张城市地图时，重要的是准确描绘街道布局、重要建筑物的位置和公共交通的流动。

3.What characteristics does the population distribution have in China? The geographicalexplanations for them?4.What are the geographical factors in the shaping of people's character?Video-based classroom discussion1. Explain the possible relationship between politics and geography or that between economy and geography by using reliable resources.2. How many countries are there in the world now? Describe the changes in the number of countries in 20th century.3. What do you think of “globalization Chinese style” mentioned in the speech?Topics for further discussion1. Describe the changes in the map of China over history.2. Do you agree with the speaker on the “Greater China Co-prosperity Zone”? Why or why not?3. Can the infrastructures like oil pipelines really help to bring down borders to build a borderless world in the future?conducted at the level of the township or town. Each county has, on average, some two dozen townships and towns, with a national total of 40,000 townships and 20,000 town governments. There are just under 800,000 village governments, the lowest level of rural administration, or about two dozen per township. The average village population is a little over 1,000 -- though the villages vary significantly depending on whether they are locatedin densely or sparsely populated regions. (1850 words)Section A Fill in the tables with information from the passage.Table 1 Comparison and contrast between China and US in geographical termsTable 2 Distribution of population in ChinaSection B Distinguish Between Facts and OpinionsRead the passages carefully and try to distinguish facts from opinions by judging whether it is is mainly opionions or facts that are expressed in each of the following paragraphs. Do you disagree with the author ’s opinions?Part II Building your vocabularySection A Crossword PuzzleSection B Useful ExpressionsDirections: Translate the following into English using the expressions you have learned in Text A.1.生长期5.手工艺品6.流动商贩7.社会阶层8.自上而下9.自下而上10.通商口岸11.自我认同12.地域刻板印象13.权利寻租14.自治区15.直辖市16.特别行政区Part III Critical Thinking SkillsWhy is critical thinking important?Do you think it is important to be able to provide evidence and reasoning for the opinions you hold, especially when you make judgmental opinions like praise and condemnation? If your answer is yes, critical thinking is important to you because it enables you to provide reasons for your actions. Critical thinkers do not just go with the flow and accept whatever's given to them."Most people are not in charge of their ideas and thinking. Most of their ideas have come in to their minds without their having thought about it. They unconsciously pick up what the people around them think. They unconsciously pick up what is on television or in the movies. They unconsciously absorb ideas from the family they were raised in."(/resources/class-syllabus-fall-93.cfm)Task:1. Read the following excerpt from Peg Tittle’s book on critical thinking and share with the class your ideas after reading it:People who believe whatever they're told without examining the evidence and the reasons linking the evidence to the claims-in-question—that is, without examining the reasoning—are vulnerable to charlatans, crackpots, and bosses. They're especially vulnerable to calculating corporations who believe their mandate, their only mandate, is to maximize their income. Critical thinking is thus especially important as media conglomerates monopolize what we read, hear, and see. According to Free Press's website, updated in 2008, Disney owns ABC, Touchstone, and Miramax; Viacom owns MTV, CMT, and Paramount Pictures; CBS owns Simon & Schuster; Time-Warner owns AOL, HBO, Warner Bros., and Little, Brown and Company; GE owns NBC and Universal Pictures; and so on. Now since, for example, GE makesa lot of money selling weapons (at least back in 1986, when 11 percent of their revenues came fromnuclear weapons*; war is good for their business, so it's quite possible that NBC (remember they're owned by GE) intentionally shows movies that glorify war, portraying soldiers as heroes. And if you're nota critical thinker, you probably won't even notice that, let alone challenge it.*: /mm2001/01july-august/julyaug01interviewmulvey.htmlthis unit? Now try to think critically and develop your own ideas over the following questions:１）If we overlap a map of Europe over the map of China, what latitudinal differences will you find?Do you think these differences explain to some extent the cultural differences between China and the Euroeapn countries?２）How do the Yangtze River differ from the Yellow River in terms of its cultural, social and economical significance?３）How can we translate the geographical inequalities of China into economic and social terms? ４）How do the Northerners differ from those who live in the South of China?Part IV Cultural NotesJohn Bryan Starr is a lecturer in the Political Science Department at Yale University. He also serves as a consultant to the Connecticut Superintendents Network at the Connecticut Center for School Change in Hartford, and to school districts in the tri-state area. He was educated at Dartmouth College. He spent the following four years as a United States Naval officer.After teaching Chinese politics at Berkeley for ten years, he moved to Yale in 1978. While continuing to offer course work in Chinese politics at Yale, he served as Executive Director of the Yale-China Association for fifteen years and, subsequently, as President of China Institute in New York City. In the course of his work for these organizations he traveled frequently to Hong Kong, Taiwan and the People’s Republic of Chin a. He has written extensively on contemporary Chinese politics and political thought. His most recent book, Understanding China, was published by Hill & Wang in 1997. A third edition of the book was released in 2010.After ten years, John Bryan Starr has thoroughly revised and updated his classic introduction to the background of, the data about, and the issues at stake in China’s present and future. In the new edition, Starr seamlessly weaves in additional material on the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, the Chinese government’s ongoing efforts to curb the influence of the Internet, and the intensifying trade disputes between the United States and China. In this succinct, modest, and refreshingly forthright book--now revised and updated for the new century--Starr introduces to the uninitiated reader the background, basic data, and issues at stake in China's crisis-ridden present and future.------A book review on Understanding China。

地理元空法鉴讲解全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：地理元空法鉴讲解地理元空法鉴是指通过观察与研究地理环境、天空气象等因素，来判断某地的风水好坏和适宜生活的程度的一种方法。

在中国古代，风水学一直是人们关注的重要话题，地理元空法鉴作为其中的一种重要分支，被誉为“风水之父”。

地理元空法鉴的基本内容包括地形鉴、地势鉴、水道鉴、风向鉴、土壤状况鉴、气候鉴等。

通过研究这些因素，人们可以了解一个地区的整体环境情况，进而决定是否适宜在该地居住或从事特定活动。

首先是地形鉴。

地形是指地区地表的形状、高低起伏等情况。

地形对风水有着重要的影响，一般来说，平坦开阔的地势有利于气场的流动，有助于人们的健康与发展。

而山脉、河流等地形特征则会影响气场的分布，可能带来一定的负面效应。

其次是地势鉴。

地势指地区地表的高低起伏变化。

地势的高低对风水有较大影响，如在山顶建房有“泄气”的说法，意味着山顶的地势可能不利于人们的居住。

而在低洼地区建房，则可能会遭受水灾等自然灾害的影响。

水道鉴是指地区水系的情况。

水道对风水有着重要的作用，水是生命之源，水质的优劣将直接影响到居住者的健康。

水的流向与流动速度也会对气场的形成及分布产生一定的影响。

风向鉴是指地区气候环境中风的流向和强度。

舒适的风向可以使空气流通，有利于气场的形成，而来自不利方向的风则可能会带来病气和负能量。

土壤状况鉴是指地区土地肥沃程度、土质、土壤湿度等情况。

土壤状况对种植业生产及农业发展至关重要，肥沃的土壤能够提供植物生长所需的养分，帮助农业健康发展。

气候鉴是指地区气候环境的情况。

气候与人类生活密切相关，适宜的气候环境能够提高人们的生活质量。

通过对这些因素的综合分析和研究，我们可以得出一个地区的风水好坏和适宜生活程度的结论。

在某些情况下，地理元空法鉴还可以被用来预测自然灾害的发生，提醒人们采取避险措施。

地理元空法鉴是一门独特而重要的学问，它帮助人们认识和利用地理环境因素，以谋求自身生活和事业的顺遂。

竞选地理课代表英语作文英文回答：Dear Respected Principal and Teachers, Fellow Students,。

I stand before you today as a candidate for theposition of Geography Class Representative. I am confident that I possess the necessary qualities and experience to fulfill this role effectively and represent our class with distinction.As an avid geography enthusiast, I have consistently excelled in this subject throughout my academic career. My keen interest in understanding the world's physical and human landscapes has fueled my passion for geographical exploration. I am eager to share this enthusiasm with my classmates and contribute to their academic growth.Moreover, I am a highly organized and responsible individual with excellent communication and interpersonalskills. I have held leadership positions in the past, including being the captain of our school's debate team. These experiences have honed my ability to effectively articulate my thoughts, mediate discussions, and work collaboratively with others.Beyond my academic abilities, I am deeply committed to our school community. I believe that the Geography Class Representative should not only be an academic advocate but also an ambassador for our class. I am passionate about fostering a positive and inclusive learning environment where all students feel valued and supported.I am confident that I can bring fresh ideas and a renewed sense of enthusiasm to the role of Geography Class Representative. I am eager to develop innovativeinitiatives to enhance our geography lessons, such as organizing field trips, hosting guest speakers, and facilitating peer-to-peer learning opportunities.I am fully aware of the responsibilities associated with this position and am prepared to dedicate my time andeffort to ensuring its success. I am committed to regularly communicating with my classmates, representing their interests to the geography teachers, and working diligently to improve the overall educational experience in our class.I believe that my passion for geography, my strong work ethic, and my dedication to our school community make me an ideal candidate for the position of Geography Class Representative. I humbly request your support and look forward to working together to create a vibrant and enriching geography classroom environment.Thank you.中文回答：尊敬的校长和老师，亲爱的同学们：我今天站在这里竞选地理课代表。

Subject: Physical GeographyGrade: University LevelCourse Duration: 2 HoursLearning Objectives:1. Students will be able to identify and describe the key geographical features of the Himalayas.2. Students will understand the geological processes that have shaped the Himalayas.3. Students will analyze the impact of the Himalayas on regional climate and biodiversity.4. Students will be able to discuss the cultural significance of the Himalayas in different societies.Teaching Methods:- Lecture- Interactive discussions- Group work- Visual aids (slides, maps, videos)Materials:- Powerpoint presentation- Maps of the Himalayas- Geological diagrams- Videos about the Himalayas- HandoutsLesson Outline:I. Introduction (10 minutes)- Briefly introduce the topic: The Physical Geography of the Himalayas.- Explain the importance of the Himalayas in global geography and their significance in various aspects of human life.II. Geographical Features (15 minutes)- Discuss the geographical features of the Himalayas, including their location, size, and the main mountain ranges.- Use maps and slides to illustrate the topography of the region.- Highlight key landmarks such as Mount Everest and the Brahmaputra River.III. Geological Processes (20 minutes)- Explain the geological processes that have formed the Himalayas, such as the collision of tectonic plates.- Present geological diagrams to show the formation of the Himalayas over millions of years.- Discuss the effects of these processes on the landscape and the resulting geographical features.IV. Climate and Biodiversity (20 minutes)- Analyze the impact of the Himalayas on regional climate, including temperature and precipitation patterns.- Discuss the unique ecosystems and biodiversity of the Himalayas, emphasizing the importance of conservation efforts.- Show videos that illustrate the diverse flora and fauna of the region. V. Cultural Significance (15 minutes)- Explore the cultural significance of the Himalayas in different societies, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and local communities.- Discuss the role of the Himalayas in mythology and religious practices.- Share examples of traditional customs and festivals that are tied to the mountains.VI. Group Work (15 minutes)- Divide students into groups and assign them to research a specific aspect of the Himalayas (e.g., a particular mountain range, a cultural practice, or a conservation issue).- Each group will prepare a short presentation to share with the class.VII. Conclusion (10 minutes)- Summarize the key points discussed during the lesson.- Encourage students to reflect on the importance of the Himalayas in global and local contexts.- Assign a follow-up task, such as writing a short essay on the environmental challenges faced by the Himalayas.Assessment:- Participation in class discussions and group work.- Completion of the follow-up essay.- A quiz on the geographical features and geological processes of the Himalayas.Additional Notes:- Encourage students to ask questions throughout the lesson to foster an interactive learning environment.- Provide additional resources, such as books and online articles, for students who wish to explore the topic further.- Use visual aids effectively to enhance understanding and engagement.By the end of this lesson, students will have gained a comprehensive understanding of the physical geography of the Himalayas, their geological formation, and their cultural and environmental significance.。