Unit 5 Expanded Sentence Base 1

新教材高中英语学案外研版选择性必修第三册：Section Ⅳ Expanding your world单元回顾·总结提升Ⅰ. 单词分层默写1.单词拼写① architect n.建筑师② superb adj.极好的, 出色的③ frontier n.知识/物理学等的前沿④ pond n.池塘⑤ sow v.播（种）⑥ wisdom n.智慧⑦ employ v.使用, 运用⑧ attain v.得到, 获得⑨ physician n.医生⑩ bow v.鞠躬⑪ rural adj.农村的, 乡村的⑫ decent adj.可接受的, 相当好的⑬ evaluate v.评估, 评价⑭ withdraw v.退出⑮ domestic adj.驯养的; 家养的⑯ depressive adj.抑郁的⑰ purity n.纯洁; 洁净⑱ resign v.使自己顺从于（做某事）; 安于⑲ botanical adj.植物（学）的⑳ reject v.冷落, 嫌弃, 厌弃2.拓展单词① performance n.表演, 演出; 表现, 性能→ perform v.执行, 履行; 表演→ performer n.表演者, 演出者② superb adj.极好的, 出色的→ superbly adv.庄重地; 壮丽地; 极好地③ attain vt.得到, 获得→ attainment n.达到; 造诣; 学识④ appear v.似乎→ appearance n.出现, 公开露面→ disappear v.消失, 不见→ disappearance n.消失, 不见⑤ harmony n.和谐, 协调, 融洽→ harmonious adj.和谐的; 协调的⑥ renew vt.更新→ renewable adj.可再生的→ nonrenewable adj.不可再生的⑦ similar adj.相似的→ similarity n.类似; 相似点⑧ inspire vt.赋予灵感; 激励, 鼓舞→ inspired adj.受……影响的→ inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→ inspiration n.灵感; 启发灵感的人（或事物）⑨ collect vt.收集; 募捐→ collection n.作品集; 收藏品; 一批（人或物品）⑩ influential adj.有很大影响的, 有支配力的→ influence v.影响, 对……起作用n.影响, 作用⑪ avoid v.避免, 防止; 避开, 躲避→ avoidable adj.可以避免的→ avoidance n.避免, 回避⑫ create v.创造, 创建; 造成→ creator n.创造者→ creative adj.有创造性的→ creativity n.创造性, 创造力⑬ depressive adj.抑郁的→ depression n.沮丧; 消沉; 抑郁症→ depress vt.使抑郁; 使沮丧; 使萧条⑭ purity n.纯洁, 洁净→ pure adj.纯的, 纯净的→ purify vt.净化⑮ resign v.安于, 使自己顺从于（做）某事→ resignation n.辞职; 辞职信; 顺从⑯ reject v.冷落, 嫌弃; 厌弃→ rejection n.拒绝, 抵制⑰ describe vt.描述, 形容; 把……称为→ description n.描述, 描写⑱ considerable adj.相当多（大、重要等）的→ consideration n.仔细考虑; 必须考虑的因素; 体谅, 顾及→ consider v.考虑; 认为→considerate adj.考虑周到的, 体贴的→ considering prep.考虑到, 鉴于, 就……而言⑲ opposed adj.反对的; 对立的→ oppose vt.反对, 抵制, 阻挠; 与……竞争→ opposite adj.相反的; prep.在……的对面⑳ various adj.不同的, 各种各样的→ variety n.不同种类, 多样性→ vary v.相异, 不同, 有别Ⅱ. 短语搭配翻译1. seek solutions to 寻求解决方法2. take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感3. take…for granted 认为……理所当然4. at ease 不拘束; 放松5. be covered in 盖满6. respond to 对……做出反应7. in harmony with 与……和谐相处8. along with 随着, 连同9. add to 添加10. in other words 换句话说11. be based on 基于12. feed with 加上; 用……喂食13. such as 比如14. be/get used to 习惯于15. look like 看起来像16. come about 发生17. in the wild 在野外18. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事19. in return for 作为对……的交换（回报）20. in contrast to 与……相反Ⅲ. 教材原句翻译1.我们身边许多最迷人的设计, 包括建筑设计, 它们的灵感都来自大自然。

As the author points out below, the success of science has less to do with a particular method than with an essential attitude of the scientist. This attitude is essentially one of inquiry, experimentation and humility before the facts. Therefore, a good scientist is an honest one. True scientists do not bow to any authority but they are ever ready to modify or even abandon their ideas if adequate evidence is found contradicting them. Scientists, they do place a high value on honesty.Science and the Scientific Attitudeby Paul G. Hewitt Science is the body of knowledge about nature that represents the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. Science is not something new but had its beginnings before recorded history when humans first discovered reoccurring relationships around them. Through careful observations of these relationships, they began to know nature and, because of nature's dependability, found they could make predictions to enable some control over their surroundings. Science made its greatest headway in the sixteenth century when people began asking answerable questions about nature —— when they began replacing superstition by a systematic search for order —— when experiment in addition to logic was used to test ideas. Where people once tried to influence natural events with magic and supernatural forces, they now had science to guide them. Advance was slow, however, because of the powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas. In about 1510 Copernicus suggested that the sun was stationary and that the earth revolved about the sun. He refuted the idea that the earth was the center of the universe. After years of hesitation, he published his findings but died before his book was circulated. His book was considered heretical and dangerous and was banned by the Church for 200 years. A century after Copernicus, the mathematician Bruno was burned at the stake —— largely for supporting Copernicus, suggesting the sun to be a star, and suggesting that space was infinite. Galileo was imprisoned for popularizing the Copernican theory and for his other contributions to scientific thought. Yet a couple of centuries later, Copernican advocates seemed harmless. This happens age after age. In the early 1800s geologists met with violent condemnation because they differed with the Genesis account of creation. Later in the same century, geology was safe, but theories of evolution were condemned and the teaching of them forbidden. This most likely continues. "At every crossway on the road that leads to the future, each progressive spirit is opposed by a thousand men appointed to guard the past." Every age has one or more groups of intellectual rebels who are persecuted, condemned, or suppressed at the time; but to a later age, they seem harmless and often essential to the elevation of human conditions. The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and ate employing a "method" - a method that is extremely effective in gaining, organizing, and applying new knowledge. Galileo, famous scientist of the 1600s, is usually credited with being the "Father of the Scientific Method." His method is essentially as follows: 1. Recognize a problem. 2. Guess an answer. 3. Predict the consequences of the guess. 4. Perform experiments to test predictions. 5. Formulate the simplest theory organizes the three main ingredients: guess, prediction, experimental outcome. Although this cookbook method has a certain appeal, to has not been the key to most of the breakthroughs and discoveries in science. Trial and error, experimentation without guessing, accidental discovery, and other methods account for much of the progress in science. Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of inquiry, experimentation, and humility before the facts. If a scientist holds an idea to be true and finds any counterevidence whatever, the idea is either modified or abandoned. In the scientific spirit, the idea must be modified or abandoned in spite of the reputation of the person advocating it. As an example, the greatly respected Greek philosopher Aristotle said that falling bodies fall at a speed proportional to their weight. This false idea was held to be true for more than 2,000 years because of Aristotle's immense authority. In the scientific spirit, however, a single verifiable experiment to the contrary outweighs any authority, regardless of reputation or the number of followers and advocates. Scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see —— for humanity's capacity for self-deception is vast. People have traditionally tended to adopt general rules, beliefs, creeds, theories, and ideas without thoroughly questioning their validity and to retain them long after they have been shown to be meaningless, false, or at least questionable. The most widespread assumptionsare the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases that seem to refute it are distorted, belittled, or ignored. We feel deeply that it is a sign of weakness to "change out minds." Competent scientists, however, must be expert at changing their minds. This is because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them. Better theories are made by those who are not hung up on prevailing ones. Away from their profession, scientists are inherently no more honest or ethical than other people. But in their profession they work in an arena that puts a high premium on honesty. The cardinal rule in science is that all claims must be testable —— they must be capable, at least in principle, of being proved wrong. For example, if someone claims that a certain procedure has a certain result, it must in principle be possible to perform a procedure that will either confirm or contradict the claim. If confirmed, then the claim is regarded as useful and a stepping-stone to further knowledge. None of us has the time or energy or resources to test every claim, so most of the time we must take somebody's word. However, we must have some criterion for deciding whether one person's word is as good as another's and whether one claim is as good as another. The criterion, again, is that the claim must be testable. To reduce the likelihood of error, scientists accept the word only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are testable —— if not in practice then at least in principle. Speculations that cannot be tested are regarded as "unscientific." This has the long-run effect of compelling honesty - findings widely publicized among fellow scientists are generally subjected to further testing. Sooner or later, mistake （and lies） are bound to be found out; wishful thinking is bound to be exposed. The honesty so important to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists. NEW WORDS represent vt. be a sign or symbol of; act for 代表 collective a. of or shared by a group of people 集体的 insight n. the power of using one's mind to see or understand the true nature of a situation 洞察⼒ wisdom n. intelligence and good judgment 智慧 reoccur vi. occur again dependability n. reliability, trustworthiness prediction n. the act of predicting or sth. predicted 预测 headway n. motion forward; progress answerable n. able to be answered replace vt. take or fill the place of superstition n. a belief or practice based on ignorance, faith in magic or chance systematic a. of, having or using a system; carried out according to a system supernatural n. outside of or beyond the natural world 超⾃然的 opposition n. the act or condition of opposing; resistance stationary a. not moving or changing; not capable of being moved hesitation n. the act of hesitating publish vt. print and offer for sale circulate v. （cause to） spread widely; move or send around 传播，（使）流传，（使）循环 heretical a. （of opinion） opposed to established beliefs or standards 异端的 ban vt. forbid by law or decree largely ad. for the most part; mainly infinite a. having or seeming to have no limits; endless; very large imprison vt. put in prison popularize v. cause to be well know and generally liked or used; make （a difficult subject） easily understandable to ordinary people 使普及；推⼴ geologist n. a person who knows much about geology 地质学家 violent a. having, showing, or resulting from great physical force; showing or having strong feelings 强暴的；猛烈的 condemnation n. express strong disapproval of, pronounce guilty of crime or wrong 谴责；宣告……有罪 condemnation n. genesis n. the beginning or origin: （G-） the first book of the Old Testament 起源;（《旧约全书》第⼀卷）《创世纪》 geology n. the study of origin, structure, and history of the earth 地质学 evolution n. slow, gradual development; the scientific theory that all living things developed very slowly over millions of years from simpler forms of life 进化（论） crossway n. crossroad; a road that crosses another progressive a. moving forward step by step; favoring or promoting improvement or reform appoint vt. name for an office, duty or position 指定，任命 rebel n. a person who resists or opposes authority 反叛者 persecute vt. treat continually in a cruel way, esp. because of political or religious beliefs 迫害 suppress。

Expanding Your WorldⅠ. 单句语法填空1.It was Chaucer who really turned English into a literary （literature）language.2.The announcement had a dramatic （drama）effect on house prices.3.They are each recognized specialists in their respective （respectively）fields.4.He claims he has evidence which could prove his innocence （innocent）.5.People all over the world have been fighting against racial （race）discrimination.6.As a matter of fact, the problem is not as complicated （complicate）as you imagine.7.The survey found a wide variation （vary）in the prices charged for canteen food.Ⅱ. 同义替换be made up of; have an influence on; come across; quite a few; in spite of1.Our regional measures have had an impact on unemployment. had an influence on2. Despite all our efforts to save the school, the authorities decided to close it. In spite of3.The team was composed of leading scientists from around the world. was made up of4.Guess who I ran into in town today! came across5.A number of towns are now banning cars from their shopping centers. Quitea fewⅢ. 完成句子1.比尔很喜欢足球，然而他弟弟却对此一无所知。

基础课时分层-Unit5 单元语言点语言能力提升过拓展语言能力提升一、阅读理解I remember the last time I was in Gothenburg, I walked past a man who was holding a sign that said "All. You Can Eat Pizza". I was looking at him, and the sign. But I didn’t end up going to the All You Can Eat Piz za.Looking at this man with the sign in his hand, I started thinking about undercover（秘密工作的）marketing. Well, this man and his sign were more or less the opposite of undercover marketing. He was telling the world who he was working for.Once in a while, you don’t realize that something has been marketed to you. People have named it stealth marketing or undercover marketing. One of the most obvious examples is when stars get free clothes or free products that they are using to get other ordinary people to start buying them. The same goes for product placement in movies. The reason for its under cover marketing is that it doesn’t say anywhere that we’re actually looking at any type of promotion. I remember Sylvester Stallone took a payment of $ 500, 000 from one tobacco company to smoke its brand in three of his films.The reason why undercover marketing works is that people tend to trust it more than if they know that it’s an advertisement that a company has paid for. And, it’s a lot easier to create a buzz with a marketing campaign that people don’t know is a marketing campaign. One great example is when Ray-Ban started their marketing campaign on YouTube called Sunglass Catch. Right now, it has more than 5. 2 million views, and I think that the number would have been much lower if people had known that it was a paid marketing campaign by Ray-Ban.The most obvious risk for an undercover marketing campaign is failing to keep the campaign hidden. If people feel, or understand that they are being manipulated (操纵）into liking the product, they might become angry at the product and the company. This way, especially with the speed of communication in social media, a failed undercover marketing campaign might hurt a company really bad.1. The author didn’t go to th e All You Can Eat Pizza because .A. he was very busy that dayB. he was not aware of itC. he wasn’t attracted by the signD. he didn’t understand the sign at all2. Why did the tobacco company give Sylvester Stallone money?A. Because the company workers liked his films.B. Because he marketed its products in films.C. Because he advertised its brand in public.D. Because he was a famous person.3. The underlined part "create a buzz" in Paragraph 4can be replaced by "".A. get a good priceB. create more jobsC. make a new productD. attract people’s attention4. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. What undercover marketing means.B. Examples of undercover marketing.C. Why undercover marketing works.D. The risk of doing undercover marketing.二、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。

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高中英语(外研版)必修五 Unit 5 Vocabularyextension 课件高中英语(外研版)必修五 Unit 5 Vocabulary extension 课件Unit 5 Vocabulary extension 是高中英语(外研版)必修五课程的一部分，该课程旨在通过拓展学生的词汇量来提高他们的英语水平。

以下是针对该课件的详细内容。

1. 单词概念扩展本节课首先将会扩展学生对一些常见单词的概念理解。

通过在课件中提供清晰的词汇定义和例句，学生将能更好地理解这些单词的用法和含义。

2. 同义词和反义词课件中还包括了同义词和反义词的学习。

学生将会通过对比和分析不同的词语，加深对这些词汇的理解。

在课件中，同义词和反义词将会以表格或图表的形式呈现，帮助学生更直观地掌握这些词汇的不同用法。

3. 词组和短语拓展此外，该课件还将介绍一些常见的词组和短语，以帮助学生提高他们的口语表达和写作能力。

这些词组和短语将会以示例句的形式展示，帮助学生更好地理解它们的用法和含义。

4. 单词运用练习为了巩固所学词汇，课件还会提供一些单词运用练习。

这些练习题将包括填空、选择和翻译等类型，帮助学生巩固词汇并提高他们的语言应用能力。

5. 拓展学习资源最后，该课件还会提供一些拓展学习资源，比如相关的英语词汇网站、单词记忆应用和词汇书籍推荐等。

这些资源将帮助学生在课后更深入地学习和巩固所学词汇。

通过以上的内容设计，该课件将能够满足学生对Vocabulary extension的需求，提高他们的词汇量和英语水平。

请学生在课后仔细阅读和理解课件中的内容，并结合拓展学习资源进行词汇的巩固和应用。

希望该课件能够给学生的英语学习带来帮助，使他们在词汇拓展方面有所提高。

祝您学习顺利！。